Author: The Kevin Rose Show

  • Kevin & Alex Reminisce Diggnation History

    AI transcript
    0:00:02 How’s everything been? How’s your family been? How’s life been?
    0:00:04 People are gonna wonder, like, “What’s Alex been up to?”
    0:00:06 – God, yeah! – Please welcome back to the show
    0:00:08 Kevin Rose and Alex–
    0:00:10 – ♪ La-la-la-la-la ♪ – Watch the floor.
    0:00:13 – Oh, fuck me, help me! – We probably encouraged
    0:00:15 an entire generation to drink way too much.
    0:00:18 – I mean, yes. (laughs)
    0:00:21 – I didn’t realize I couldn’t be like, “Hey, hi, everybody.”
    0:00:24 – We were backstage, and it was, like, 3,000 seats,
    0:00:27 and they were all filled in this big British guy
    0:00:29 who’s, like, the security guard. – Yeah.
    0:00:31 – He’s, like, “What are these guys doing here?”
    0:00:32 And we were, like, “We do the show.”
    0:00:34 And he goes, “They’re just here for the beer.”
    0:00:36 And we were, like, “Okay, dude, just chill.”
    0:00:38 And that’s when we finished the show.
    0:00:42 So all 3,000 people start getting onto this platform.
    0:00:44 The giant security guard grabs both of us,
    0:00:46 and he was, like, “You are serious?
    0:00:47 They were here for you!”
    0:00:49 And we were, like, “Yeah, dude!” – For a photo.
    0:00:51 – “I’ve never seen anything like that.”
    0:00:56 – This week’s episode is brought to you by DRAM.
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    0:02:17 So it’s happened again.
    0:02:20 Last week, I got a notice in the mail, another data breach.
    0:02:22 This time, it was with my healthcare provider.
    0:02:23 I’m sure you’ve been here.
    0:02:26 Sadly, this problem is not going away.
    0:02:28 Obviously, they tell you to go and lock down your credit reports,
    0:02:30 but there’s so much more at stake here.
    0:02:32 From the second your data is breached,
    0:02:35 it’s being resold by companies called data brokers.
    0:02:38 Now, the good news is that as evil as these companies are,
    0:02:39 they’re also companies.
    0:02:41 So that means that if you take your time to monitor,
    0:02:44 to find your data, and then you hire a lawyer
    0:02:47 to send them takedowns, you can have some success.
    0:02:48 Now, obviously, your time is more valuable than that,
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    0:03:34 – Remember back in the day
    0:03:36 when we would have to work around the holidays,
    0:03:38 we’d like try to figure out how to like gang shoot.
    0:03:39 – Gang shoot?
    0:03:41 – Gang shoot, where you shoot four episodes in a row.
    0:03:42 – Oh yeah, ’cause we had to like bang ’em out.
    0:03:45 – Yeah, so we figured this out with half hour happy hour,
    0:03:47 where we were like, shit, ’cause we were doing once a week,
    0:03:50 and we were like, well, what do we do for like the holidays?
    0:03:52 And so we came up with this concept
    0:03:53 called the 12 Days of Drunks Miss.
    0:03:57 And so what we did was we shot a day
    0:04:00 and got so drunk because we would have guests come in
    0:04:03 and we shot 12 45-minute episodes back-to-back.
    0:04:04 – And by the time you’re done,
    0:04:05 yeah, it’s like all just blurry.
    0:04:06 – It was bad.
    0:04:08 – I mean, we had some dignitaries that were like that.
    0:04:10 – All of them were like that, for the most part.
    0:04:13 Any live one was just, I don’t remember most of them.
    0:04:14 I mean, Reno, come on.
    0:04:19 That was by far my worst alcohol experience
    0:04:21 of my entire life.
    0:04:22 – Really?
    0:04:23 – Oh, dude, dude.
    0:04:25 I can’t even watch the Reno episode.
    0:04:28 – I remember taking you to the bathroom.
    0:04:29 – And it was all the way down the thing.
    0:04:30 – And I took you down the thing,
    0:04:32 and then you threw up immediately after the episode.
    0:04:33 – 100%, oh, 100%.
    0:04:35 I stood up and fell down.
    0:04:36 – Oh, Prager’s here, by the way.
    0:04:37 – Yeah, hi, Prager.
    0:04:39 I mean, I know we haven’t started the show, but.
    0:04:42 – Yeah, I’m just having some champagne to start.
    0:04:43 We did get some penultimate as well,
    0:04:44 for Alex to have a little bit.
    0:04:46 – And by the way, thank you very much for allowing me
    0:04:48 to have some of your fancy wine.
    0:04:49 – Well, this is gonna be good.
    0:04:50 I’m gonna try some of that when we actually.
    0:04:51 – It’s already.
    0:04:52 – Is it good?
    0:04:53 – Yeah.
    0:04:53 – It’s amazing.
    0:04:54 – It’s amazing.
    0:04:56 – So, Reno was the most hardcore.
    0:04:59 I remember specifically, do you remember
    0:05:01 that there was this chick that was hitting on you there?
    0:05:04 – I don’t remember any of the end of, here’s the thing.
    0:05:07 After we did that episode, after we did,
    0:05:11 I mean, weeks after, I finally tried to watch it.
    0:05:16 And the first line of speaking out of my mouth
    0:05:20 was so slurred and drunk.
    0:05:22 And then we had an hour show to do.
    0:05:23 – Did we start early?
    0:05:24 I don’t remember. – Of course we did.
    0:05:26 Remember, we got there and they were giving us
    0:05:27 those fruit bowls with like,
    0:05:29 remember with like two, three straws
    0:05:31 and everybody’s taking shots and we were like,
    0:05:32 this is so fun.
    0:05:34 ‘Cause they were huge fans, so they just got us ripped.
    0:05:35 – That’s right.
    0:05:37 – And then people started sending us stuff during the show.
    0:05:38 – Okay, there’s been a few times
    0:05:40 where fans have been very generous.
    0:05:43 – And they sent us– – Which I appreciate.
    0:05:44 I always have and I always will.
    0:05:45 (laughing)
    0:05:47 – They would send us shots and be like,
    0:05:50 dude, we love you guys, here’s some Yeager or whatever.
    0:05:52 – And they always sent Yeager.
    0:05:53 – Yeah, it was always Yeager.
    0:05:54 I just like, thank you.
    0:05:56 And back then I felt like, yeah, I had to do it.
    0:05:57 – I mean, back then we did.
    0:05:59 – And they did it too.
    0:06:00 – Yeah.
    0:06:02 – But they did one with us and then we got
    0:06:04 seven people come out. – That’s right, right, yeah.
    0:06:06 – Oh, I do, I don’t remember.
    0:06:10 Quick cloud of thoughts that I remember from Reno.
    0:06:13 I remember standing up and falling to the ground.
    0:06:14 – I remember you fell immediately.
    0:06:17 – In front of everybody that was there
    0:06:18 at the bar for the live show.
    0:06:19 – They loved it, they loved it.
    0:06:20 – Of course, I mean, part of it was,
    0:06:23 there’s no world in which I added any flavor on it
    0:06:24 for comedy purposes.
    0:06:28 I literally just stood up and fell to the ground.
    0:06:33 Then I remember taking pictures with some fans.
    0:06:36 – Please, if you have those pictures, send them in.
    0:06:39 – Oh, God, oh, I have like a whole folder called Reno.
    0:06:41 – And it’s all photos of us just like…
    0:06:47 Then I remember saying, I need to go to the bathroom.
    0:06:48 – Right, I remember I had to help you.
    0:06:49 You were like bathroom.
    0:06:51 – I was like, I don’t know where I am.
    0:06:53 And it wasn’t anywhere near where we were.
    0:06:55 – No, it was one walk. – And it was through the casino.
    0:07:00 And I just remember following you and serpentine.
    0:07:02 – There was probably a closer bathroom.
    0:07:03 I was hammered too.
    0:07:06 – I was literally the blind leading the blind.
    0:07:08 I don’t know why I chose you of all people.
    0:07:13 – And I got to the bathroom, threw up and then made it back,
    0:07:15 got some like my stuff, I guess.
    0:07:17 And then I went back to the hotel room.
    0:07:19 I remember having shrimp cocktail.
    0:07:20 – I remember that phone call.
    0:07:24 I remember I was on the floor in my hotel bathroom.
    0:07:26 – I called. – Hugging the toilet.
    0:07:26 My phone rings.
    0:07:30 The hotel had a bathroom phone for emergencies, I’m guessing.
    0:07:32 I grabbed it, I picked it up.
    0:07:33 And I just remember… – What type of works?
    0:07:35 It’s like you have the bathroom phone.
    0:07:37 – I’m lying on the ground and I have the phone.
    0:07:38 And I just remember you going,
    0:07:41 “Dude, we got to order the shrimp cocktail.
    0:07:44 I’m having the best shrimp cocktail I’ve ever had in my life.”
    0:07:45 – It was so good.
    0:07:47 – I was like, “I’m on the ground.
    0:07:48 I got my hand with it.”
    0:07:49 You’re like, “Oh, okay.”
    0:07:51 – And I think we had to go to the snowboarding thing
    0:07:52 the next day.
    0:07:53 – Yeah, it was brutal.
    0:07:55 And I remember we were getting those big punch bowls
    0:07:56 with the straws.
    0:07:58 There was this one really attractive girl.
    0:08:00 And I know you had Heather at the time, you were dating.
    0:08:02 – Yeah, ’cause I remember talking to her the next morning
    0:08:04 and she thought I was cheating on her that day.
    0:08:07 – I mean, this girl wanted some albrecht.
    0:08:09 – I literally don’t remember any of that.
    0:08:12 I appreciate that there was some albrecht want,
    0:08:16 but I was in no capacity to even know what was happening.
    0:08:17 – There’s no amount of like,
    0:08:19 Cialis that could have resurrected you.
    0:08:21 – Oh no, I was literally on the floor, I get you.
    0:08:24 But I do not recall that there was a lady of,
    0:08:25 there was a lady of interest targeting.
    0:08:26 – Yes.
    0:08:27 – Yeah, that did not.
    0:08:28 – She did not care that you had a girlfriend.
    0:08:31 – I wasn’t conscious enough to even know
    0:08:32 that that was happening.
    0:08:33 – It was fun times.
    0:08:34 – You know, the one time,
    0:08:37 my biggest hangover was actually our last episode.
    0:08:38 – Really?
    0:08:39 – Yes.
    0:08:42 – I drank so much that, and this is,
    0:08:45 we probably encouraged an entire generation
    0:08:46 to drink way too much.
    0:08:48 – I mean, yes.
    0:08:49 (laughing)
    0:08:51 – There are some fault on our shoulders, but–
    0:08:52 – If you’re watching this and you’re like,
    0:08:55 I’m an alcoholic, I’m the cause of you.
    0:08:59 – Don’t, don’t, don’t, don’t, follow us on Instagram.
    0:09:01 – I will say that after that episode,
    0:09:03 I had never done what was called,
    0:09:06 like when you do the chasing the hair of the dog.
    0:09:08 – Yeah, I’m not the hair of the dog guy either.
    0:09:10 – But I woke up so bad.
    0:09:13 My head was hurting like it had never hurt before,
    0:09:16 and I picked up the phone, and it’s like a room service.
    0:09:17 This was like 8 a.m. or something like that.
    0:09:18 – Yeah, ’cause we were in LA.
    0:09:20 – Dari was with me, and I go,
    0:09:25 I need two Bloody Mary’s doubles, ’cause she was hurting too.
    0:09:26 And I had never done this before,
    0:09:28 and the guy on the phone is like,
    0:09:31 I’m not sure we can serve alcohol at this hour.
    0:09:32 And he’s like, let me–
    0:09:33 – Buddy, yes, you can.
    0:09:33 – He’s like, let me check.
    0:09:36 And I’m like, you got me, but it was the only thing
    0:09:39 I could do to get through that morning,
    0:09:40 ’cause I was hurting so bad.
    0:09:44 – So, I had a very weird thing,
    0:09:48 which was I had to wake up the next morning
    0:09:51 and get in a car and drive to Redding, California.
    0:09:52 – That’s where I was born.
    0:09:53 – Yeah, I know, I know.
    0:09:58 I had to drive up to Shasta Mountain in its long drive,
    0:09:59 and so–
    0:10:00 – That’s a long drive.
    0:10:03 – It was a long drive, and I was beyond it.
    0:10:04 I mean, we both were just out there,
    0:10:05 ’cause it was like–
    0:10:06 – Not while you were driving.
    0:10:07 – Friends and family, no, no, no.
    0:10:08 This is like the night before, right?
    0:10:09 It’s like friends and family,
    0:10:11 and it was just great, and fans,
    0:10:13 and it was such a joyous atmosphere,
    0:10:16 and just drinking, drinking, drinking.
    0:10:19 And we got into the car, and I turned to Heather,
    0:10:22 and I said, you need to take me to McDonald’s.
    0:10:23 And she was like, what?
    0:10:25 And I was like, take me to the drive through McDonald’s.
    0:10:28 I got two filet-of-fish, and two cheeseburgers.
    0:10:30 – Oh, the filet-of-fish are the worst, dude.
    0:10:32 – Not for hangovers, because guess what?
    0:10:36 I was out of bed, 6.30 in the morning,
    0:10:37 shippers can be, and I was like,
    0:10:39 oh my God, it’s the magic of McDonald’s.
    0:10:40 – Yeah, oh yeah.
    0:10:42 The only time I would clutch McDonald’s
    0:10:43 would be at the big muffin. – Oh, I haven’t had McDonald’s
    0:10:46 in years. – Yeah, exactly.
    0:10:47 – I was in Italy.
    0:10:49 We went to Florence, we were super fun.
    0:10:51 Recently, yeah, like a couple of weeks ago.
    0:10:54 I thought I was gonna love the food in Tuscany.
    0:10:55 I was so excited, because we’d been to Rome,
    0:10:57 we’d been to Postano, and done the Mediterranean stuff,
    0:10:59 which was awesome.
    0:11:02 And I was like, Tuscany, and wine,
    0:11:04 the countryside, and all this stuff.
    0:11:07 Bro, they do not cook their meat.
    0:11:09 They just don’t cook their meat.
    0:11:10 – Meaning like it was like raw.
    0:11:12 – Yes, meaning it was like raw.
    0:11:14 – Why do you, oh, you always like your steak’s done.
    0:11:16 – Because I love, well, not done, done.
    0:11:17 And that’s the thing, I was like–
    0:11:18 – You’re not a medium rare guy, though.
    0:11:19 You’re more of a medium guy.
    0:11:21 – I’m more medium rare.
    0:11:23 Heather’s more medium.
    0:11:24 – You started to get more medium rare.
    0:11:25 – Yep, I got there.
    0:11:27 So then I was like, oh, we’re, you know, Florence.
    0:11:29 This is a plate Tuscan beef, you know, beef florentine.
    0:11:30 – Yeah.
    0:11:30 – Beef steak florentine.
    0:11:31 I want some of this stuff.
    0:11:32 – They got some beef carpaccio.
    0:11:33 You had some–
    0:11:35 – Well, we had come from Serbia.
    0:11:37 – Right, which I don’t know why you went to Serbia.
    0:11:39 – Well, so Buddy of Mine was making a movie in Serbia.
    0:11:41 He’s made a couple of movies there in Serbia,
    0:11:43 and he was, and we’re working on putting some movies together.
    0:11:44 And so he was like, you gotta come to Serbia.
    0:11:46 You gotta see, and it really is true.
    0:11:48 Serbia’s great for making movies.
    0:11:50 And they have a bunch of movies that there was a big elbow
    0:11:51 movie that just went through there.
    0:11:53 They just did this beautiful sound stages
    0:11:54 that were just built.
    0:11:57 The librarians reboot on CW just shot there.
    0:11:59 It’s a place to go.
    0:12:00 They don’t cook their meat.
    0:12:01 – In Serbia.
    0:12:02 – In Serbia.
    0:12:05 I got a hamburger, I got a hamburger,
    0:12:06 and my wife and I split it.
    0:12:08 Heather and I split it.
    0:12:10 It came, and I thought to myself, I went,
    0:12:12 I should tell him to like cook it.
    0:12:13 That thought came to my brain.
    0:12:15 – You also don’t want to, like, remember when in Japan,
    0:12:16 you don’t want to install like a local cult.
    0:12:18 – 100%, 100%.
    0:12:19 And I was like, it’s a hamburger.
    0:12:20 It’s not a steak.
    0:12:23 Who makes a raw hamburger?
    0:12:24 Serbians do.
    0:12:26 – Yeah, raw hamburgers are actually way more dangerous
    0:12:27 ’cause it’s ground up bits of everything
    0:12:29 versus like one big chunk of meat.
    0:12:31 – And by the way, I took a bite from the edge
    0:12:33 ’cause I was like, I’ll just get the edge
    0:12:35 ’cause that has to be cooked, right?
    0:12:36 It was like bag of knuckles.
    0:12:40 It was like, remember when we had conk in Japan
    0:12:41 and it just, it felt like–
    0:12:42 – Was it the semen stuff?
    0:12:44 – No, I don’t know what that is.
    0:12:47 – No, we have like a sack of semen eggs or something.
    0:12:47 There was like–
    0:12:48 – I don’t remember the semen.
    0:12:49 – You don’t remember that?
    0:12:50 – I don’t remember the semen.
    0:12:51 – It was that they called it small,
    0:12:53 it translates into small white children.
    0:12:55 – I don’t think so.
    0:12:56 – I’m serious.
    0:12:57 What’s that called?
    0:12:58 – I don’t remember this.
    0:13:00 Do you remember the conk that lays it?
    0:13:02 – Oh, bring it for your sake.
    0:13:03 – Yeah, that’s right.
    0:13:04 – Prager, you remember that?
    0:13:05 – We’re zooming, Prager.
    0:13:06 – There was something that we tried.
    0:13:07 I don’t think you tried it, but anyway.
    0:13:08 – I mean, that does not surprise me.
    0:13:09 – Yeah.
    0:13:11 – But I did, but the conk where it was like chewy
    0:13:13 in an uncomfortable way.
    0:13:15 It was like, that feels like knuckles.
    0:13:16 Like where I would assume a knuckle.
    0:13:18 Yeah, like cartilage, yeah.
    0:13:20 That’s what this burger felt like.
    0:13:23 And I was just like, but then of course I felt bad.
    0:13:23 It’s all we ordered.
    0:13:25 I tried to nibble as much as I could.
    0:13:27 So then we go to Tuscany.
    0:13:30 So now I’m already sort of like, I don’t want raw food.
    0:13:32 And I was a moron.
    0:13:34 We went to Cortona, which is glorious.
    0:13:35 Like Medieval City.
    0:13:37 Do you remember Under the Tuscan Sun?
    0:13:38 Movie Under the Tuscan Sun?
    0:13:39 See it.
    0:13:40 I know you’re not a big movie guy, but see it.
    0:13:41 – I’ve done movies.
    0:13:42 I’m doing a theater.
    0:13:43 You saw the movie.
    0:13:43 – I know, I saw that theater.
    0:13:44 It’s great.
    0:13:45 – Under the Tuscan Sun.
    0:13:46 Gorgeous.
    0:13:47 – The deal was great.
    0:13:48 – They go to Cortona.
    0:13:51 It’s like this medieval mountain town
    0:13:52 or not like hilltop town.
    0:13:53 Gorgeous.
    0:13:55 I go, everything’s so cheap there.
    0:13:56 They have a sliced steak.
    0:13:58 So I was like, I’m going to get a sliced steak, you know,
    0:13:59 whatever.
    0:14:00 I know I keep ordering.
    0:14:01 They have Wagyu.
    0:14:03 A5 Japanese Wagyu.
    0:14:04 40 euro.
    0:14:05 – So 40 euros.
    0:14:06 40 bucks?
    0:14:07 – Of course I did.
    0:14:08 I was like, this is the cheapest.
    0:14:11 And the guy goes, just so you know, it’s Wagyu.
    0:14:12 We can only serve it rare.
    0:14:13 – Yeah, you used to-
    0:14:14 – And in my mind I was like,
    0:14:16 I’ve had seared Wagyu.
    0:14:17 – Yeah.
    0:14:18 – This would be great.
    0:14:18 – Yeah.
    0:14:21 – Bro, that shit did not touch a fire.
    0:14:22 – It was just a sliced wagyu.
    0:14:24 – That was just sliced raw.
    0:14:26 Not even like carpaccio.
    0:14:27 It was just-
    0:14:28 – But there’s so much fat in that.
    0:14:29 – Oh bro.
    0:14:30 – That’s when you get that pastry fat.
    0:14:32 – But again, I came from Serbia
    0:14:34 eating knuckle sandwiches, literally.
    0:14:36 – All right, where were we going with this though?
    0:14:38 But how does it go back to the Ignatian?
    0:14:40 We’re talking about the best Ignatian, the worst Ignatian.
    0:14:43 – Hold on, we can get there.
    0:14:44 This is like our senior moments.
    0:14:46 – Yeah, yeah, yeah.
    0:14:47 Well, we never tried to get back on
    0:14:48 (laughing)
    0:14:49 on the Ignatian.
    0:14:50 Was it Japan?
    0:14:51 – Okay, so we don’t go to Serbia.
    0:14:52 Japan was amazing.
    0:14:53 – We had-
    0:14:55 – Oh, it was Tuscany, it was food.
    0:14:56 – I had fun in Japan.
    0:14:57 – Japan was awesome.
    0:14:58 I mean, you had a lot of fun.
    0:15:01 You had, what was it, 10 plus plus for something like that?
    0:15:02 – What?
    0:15:03 – The code, remember?
    0:15:04 – What was the code?
    0:15:05 – Do you remember?
    0:15:07 – Not for public consumption, but there was a code.
    0:15:09 Maybe you left early.
    0:15:10 – I don’t know what you’re talking about.
    0:15:11 – You left today early.
    0:15:13 – Okay, I assume you’re saying that’s correct.
    0:15:14 – This is correct.
    0:15:17 So Prager and I, we stayed back.
    0:15:20 – No, I had a friend out there that I met out there,
    0:15:23 a female friend that was very nice.
    0:15:26 – Yes, we were like, oh, you’re leaving tomorrow?
    0:15:28 That’s crazy, we’re gonna stay for another day.
    0:15:31 And we were like, but we wanna communicate
    0:15:34 how fun your evening was.
    0:15:36 – Oh, and I texted.
    0:15:38 – Yeah, well, no, I think you left it somewhere.
    0:15:41 And all we got was 10 plus plus.
    0:15:43 And we just high-fived and said, that’s amazing.
    0:15:44 That’s a great way to put it.
    0:15:45 – I don’t remember.
    0:15:46 I mean, I do remember certain things,
    0:15:49 but like the Japanese people, that was so nice.
    0:15:50 – What was the cock-takey?
    0:15:52 – Cock-takey was a…
    0:15:55 It mistranslated something for us.
    0:15:58 – Well, there were a bunch of, so like the guy who–
    0:16:00 – This was our first time in Japan, by the way.
    0:16:01 – It was my only time in Japan.
    0:16:02 – Okay, it was–
    0:16:03 – I’ve yet to go back.
    0:16:03 I fell in love with it.
    0:16:05 I was like, I wanna go back so much.
    0:16:06 – This was a long time ago.
    0:16:07 – Long time ago.
    0:16:08 – Yeah.
    0:16:10 – You emailed me or texted me
    0:16:13 because United was doing a special,
    0:16:18 which was like $4.99 round-trip SFO or LAX to Tokyo.
    0:16:21 – Yeah.
    0:16:22 – And you just texted me–
    0:16:23 – It was like economy or something.
    0:16:24 – Yeah, yeah, sure.
    0:16:25 But you just texted me and you were like,
    0:16:27 dude, we gotta go to Japan, do a show.
    0:16:29 We went on the show and we were like,
    0:16:30 does anybody wanna help us go to Japan?
    0:16:31 – Yeah.
    0:16:35 – And what was the guy’s name who was working with Nick?
    0:16:36 Who was a friend?
    0:16:36 Do you remember his name?
    0:16:38 – The American Monarchy.
    0:16:40 – Yes, Numeric, yeah.
    0:16:41 – No, but he went by something else.
    0:16:43 He had like a nickname.
    0:16:44 – He did have a nickname, however.
    0:16:45 – Mm.
    0:16:47 – He had an American nickname,
    0:16:49 but he was the one who connected with us.
    0:16:50 – No, I know.
    0:16:51 Numeric, he was like–
    0:16:52 – That was the reason we met that guy, Ron Richards,
    0:16:55 because we got to Starwood and hooked up for free.
    0:16:56 – Oh, that was through Ron?
    0:16:58 – Ron, yeah, we helped us with that.
    0:16:59 – Yeah, we got a nice hotel.
    0:17:01 There was an earthquake there.
    0:17:02 – Oh my God, there was an earthquake
    0:17:05 while we were at the top floor of the hotel.
    0:17:07 Getting that crazy dinner.
    0:17:09 – We got to bring this back to Dignation in some way.
    0:17:10 We had a good day at Dignation.
    0:17:12 – We were there for Dignation, so that’s subtle.
    0:17:13 – That’s perfect.
    0:17:13 – Technically.
    0:17:18 Oh, should we tell the story of the party we went to?
    0:17:20 – Oh, we were in T-shirts and we felt totally awkward.
    0:17:21 – Yeah, ’cause everybody was in like furry outfits.
    0:17:25 – Yeah, we got invited to this high rise in Tokyo.
    0:17:27 – So, Mikkozai, what was his name again?
    0:17:28 – Umenachi was his last name.
    0:17:29 – Umenachi?
    0:17:30 – And Numeric, yeah.
    0:17:31 – Numeric.
    0:17:32 – I remember the Mikkozai.
    0:17:34 – So, Mikkozai was the head of Kozai Animation.
    0:17:36 And this was back, I mean, this was early days.
    0:17:38 – Yeah, this was like 15 years ago.
    0:17:39 – For sure.
    0:17:40 There were a lot of people that were like,
    0:17:43 what’s this podcast thing going on in America, to be honest.
    0:17:44 And maybe even in Europe, I don’t know,
    0:17:47 we didn’t really know a lot about what was going on there,
    0:17:50 but Mikkozai was the head of Kozai Animation,
    0:17:52 or is the head of Kozai Animation, I had no idea.
    0:17:55 We got connected with him and he really wanted us
    0:18:00 to talk with the lady that ran all of the radio in Japan.
    0:18:01 Remember?
    0:18:02 – Yes.
    0:18:03 – And the way that we were gonna meet her
    0:18:06 was we were gonna go to this party.
    0:18:07 Like a house party.
    0:18:08 – Like a house party.
    0:18:10 – Yeah, and so I was in a shirt
    0:18:11 that I had been wearing all day long.
    0:18:12 – Of course.
    0:18:13 – It was a black T-shirt, obviously.
    0:18:14 – Shocker.
    0:18:15 – Shocker.
    0:18:18 And I just remember I was like hot and sweaty.
    0:18:19 – Yep.
    0:18:20 – Sweat was underneath my arms and stuff.
    0:18:23 And I was wearing like shitty kind of jeans.
    0:18:26 It’s travel gear, I was like, you walk around Tokyo.
    0:18:28 And then we walk into this place.
    0:18:32 – Well, first off, we go to this crazy high end
    0:18:34 like Beverly Hills, Tokyo.
    0:18:35 – Tokyo, yeah.
    0:18:37 – And we go to a door that has an elevator
    0:18:39 next to like a Chanel store.
    0:18:40 – There’s a Louboutin.
    0:18:41 – Louboutin store, right?
    0:18:42 – Yeah.
    0:18:45 – And then we go to the penthouse of said condo.
    0:18:46 – We were like, oh, we’re just going to somebody’s house
    0:18:48 and everyone’s gonna sit down around like playing Nintendo
    0:18:49 or something.
    0:18:50 – Yeah.
    0:18:53 – It was like the highest in crazies.
    0:18:55 And I’m like sweating.
    0:18:57 I felt so out of place, dude.
    0:18:58 – Yeah, you think?
    0:19:00 We opened the door and there’s literally
    0:19:03 a dance floor of people in costumes.
    0:19:04 – Yeah.
    0:19:06 – And there was like a record scratch.
    0:19:07 – ‘Cause we’re the only white people in there.
    0:19:10 – And it’s me, you, and Prager, and Mikkozai.
    0:19:11 – Yeah.
    0:19:13 This was when there was like very little white people
    0:19:14 in Tokyo. – In Japan?
    0:19:15 – ‘Cause I remember I got pissed
    0:19:16 when I saw another white person.
    0:19:17 – Oh yeah.
    0:19:18 – ‘Cause I was like, get out of here.
    0:19:19 I wanted to like doll myself.
    0:19:20 – Well, remember how they,
    0:19:23 ’cause we went out to that place that like art school
    0:19:24 out in the sort of country.
    0:19:27 Remember when we got off and everybody was staring at me?
    0:19:27 – Yeah.
    0:19:29 – ‘Cause it’s not just white people, blonde hair, blue eyes.
    0:19:30 – Oh, that’s right.
    0:19:33 – They were like, what is this weird thing walking by me?
    0:19:34 – Yeah. – Who’s crazy?
    0:19:36 – Your hair is still, you don’t have any grays.
    0:19:37 – Do you dye it?
    0:19:37 – No, not at all.
    0:19:38 – Here’s the funny thing.
    0:19:40 One day we were doing a donation
    0:19:43 and the next week you came in and I’m like,
    0:19:44 what’s wrong with you?
    0:19:45 – White dye. – You had a white.
    0:19:47 – Yeah, I still have it. – A white streak.
    0:19:48 It was us just getting old.
    0:19:49 – Yeah, of course.
    0:19:51 – And I looked at you and I was like, what happened?
    0:19:52 – Oh, no.
    0:19:54 – And you were like, I don’t know, like I woke up.
    0:19:56 – It’s just there. – And I just had white.
    0:19:58 It was like a white tiger streak or something.
    0:20:00 And I was like, what the hell?
    0:20:01 It was us getting old.
    0:20:02 That was the first sign.
    0:20:06 Remember how I didn’t know if guys undergarments,
    0:20:08 the carriage would turn gray?
    0:20:09 You remember that?
    0:20:11 I used to ask that in a podcast.
    0:20:13 We had a podcast about that and I was like,
    0:20:15 I didn’t know that’s a thing.
    0:20:16 – It is a thing?
    0:20:17 – Well, a couple of hairs will do that.
    0:20:18 – Really? – As you get older.
    0:20:20 Yeah, I found one too.
    0:20:21 – That’s not happened to me yet.
    0:20:22 – None. – No.
    0:20:23 – At your age.
    0:20:24 Well, how old are you now?
    0:20:25 – Thank you very much for that, Kevin.
    0:20:26 I think I’m older than you.
    0:20:28 – So I’m 47.
    0:20:29 – Yeah, I’m 48.
    0:20:31 – Oh shit, and not a single gray down there.
    0:20:33 – Amazing.
    0:20:34 (laughing)
    0:20:35 – What are you doing?
    0:20:36 – Nothing?
    0:20:39 You have no grace.
    0:20:41 No, but you have nothing.
    0:20:42 – Really?
    0:20:43 – I had like two.
    0:20:44 I had to turn them in immediately.
    0:20:45 – I mean, that’s what you do with them.
    0:20:47 – No, but I just like, it was confusing.
    0:20:50 Anyway, the champagne’s going straight to my head.
    0:20:52 – Much about Ignatian we’ve been talking about.
    0:20:53 – Yeah.
    0:20:56 One of my promises to all of you out there
    0:20:58 is that when I take on advertising partners,
    0:21:00 I want them to be actual products that I use,
    0:21:01 things that are battle tested,
    0:21:03 things that aren’t just somebody
    0:21:04 that’s pitched me something,
    0:21:07 but I’ve used them for months or years,
    0:21:09 and I can recommend them with complete confidence.
    0:21:13 And today’s sponsor, Copilot, is just that.
    0:21:15 Copilot is how I track my spending,
    0:21:17 it’s how I do my budgeting.
    0:21:19 Back in the day, I used to use an app called Mint.
    0:21:21 That’s no longer, they shut it down.
    0:21:23 By the way, if you’re a Mint user
    0:21:24 and you have all your data back there,
    0:21:26 Copilot has a really easy way
    0:21:29 that you can import all of your old Mint data.
    0:21:30 But the reason I like Copilot
    0:21:32 is because they use machine learning.
    0:21:36 So they categorize things very accurately,
    0:21:40 and they have this engine that you can actually train
    0:21:42 and automatically apply rules to transactions
    0:21:43 as they come in.
    0:21:45 So everything just neatly gets categorized,
    0:21:47 and you don’t have to spend a ton of time doing that.
    0:21:50 But I actually think that this might even be cooler.
    0:21:53 I really like that they bring in Amazon
    0:21:54 and Venmo Transactions.
    0:21:55 So you can actually see the items that you’re buying
    0:21:59 with inside of Amazon, doesn’t just say Amazon.com.
    0:22:00 And of course, you can zoom out
    0:22:02 to see your entire live view.
    0:22:04 You can get two months completely free
    0:22:06 with coupon code KevinRose.
    0:22:09 So visit KevinRose.com/copilot,
    0:22:12 and you’ll see why I’m ranting and raving about this.
    0:22:14 It’s a great product, it’s beautiful, it’s easy to use.
    0:22:19 KevinRose.com/copilot, coupon code KevinRose.
    0:22:22 All right, this next mention is not a sponsor.
    0:22:23 However, I am an investor,
    0:22:25 but I want to give them a little bit of love
    0:22:29 because I’ve greatly benefited from using this app,
    0:22:30 and I think you will as well.
    0:22:31 Let’s talk about meditation.
    0:22:34 In my opinion, and I’m just speaking for myself here,
    0:22:35 this is not coming from the company,
    0:22:38 meditation has turned into a pretty big enterprise.
    0:22:40 So most of the apps that are out there these days,
    0:22:42 they’re jam-packed with shorter meditations,
    0:22:45 they have sleep content, just more and more stuff.
    0:22:47 I think this is great
    0:22:49 because these companies have huge marketing budgets,
    0:22:52 they’re great at introducing meditation to the masses.
    0:22:53 There’s a saying in meditation
    0:22:55 that the only bad meditation is the one that you don’t do,
    0:22:57 which I fully subscribe to.
    0:23:00 But if you’ve tried these apps
    0:23:02 and you’re looking for something else,
    0:23:05 you’re looking for a little bit more depth
    0:23:06 in a clearly defined path
    0:23:09 from an authentic, fully accredited Zen master,
    0:23:11 then you have to try out the way.
    0:23:13 You’ve probably heard of Henry Shookman,
    0:23:14 he’s been on my podcast before,
    0:23:16 talking about all things meditation,
    0:23:17 talking about enlightenment.
    0:23:18 Henry is amazing.
    0:23:21 His app is available for both iOS and Android.
    0:23:24 You can find it at thewayapp.com.
    0:23:26 I’ve been studying with Henry for several years now
    0:23:28 and it’s absolutely changed my life.
    0:23:31 I’m so glad that he’s bringing these teachings
    0:23:32 in the form of an app
    0:23:34 because typically you would have to go to a Zendo,
    0:23:36 travel out to Santa Fe, New Mexico,
    0:23:38 and now it’s fully ready to go on iOS and Android.
    0:23:40 So with this app, you’ll get to enjoy
    0:23:43 30 free guided meditation sessions
    0:23:44 and they’re all different.
    0:23:47 They’re fantastic, there’s no credit card required.
    0:23:49 Check it out, download it for iOS and Android.
    0:23:50 And like I said, with this,
    0:23:52 you’re gonna get focused training,
    0:23:55 you’re gonna get depth and you get quality over quantity.
    0:23:58 Thewayapp.com, it’s the change in depth
    0:24:01 that I have a feeling that you’ve been looking for.
    0:24:03 – Let’s cover a couple of other topics
    0:24:04 and then we should probably transition
    0:24:06 to a better location.
    0:24:07 How’s everything been?
    0:24:08 How’s your family been?
    0:24:09 How’s the life been in general?
    0:24:10 People are gonna wonder like,
    0:24:12 what the hell, what’s Alex been up to?
    0:24:13 – God, yeah.
    0:24:16 – ‘Cause you were, dude, you were huge into Bitcoin.
    0:24:17 – Was, yeah.
    0:24:18 – Like 10 years ago or whatever.
    0:24:20 You had a whole mining operation.
    0:24:21 I remember calling you up and being like,
    0:24:22 dude, what’s, but I haven’t copied lately.
    0:24:25 And you’re like, I’m out of state.
    0:24:28 You were like doing some kind of like weird mining operation
    0:24:31 and like a place where it was power efficient and shit.
    0:24:32 – Right outside Reno.
    0:24:33 – Yeah.
    0:24:35 – We had a mining operation, bought a bunch of miners.
    0:24:36 I mean, it’s like we were talking about, you know,
    0:24:38 if you bought an iPhone instead of buying the iPhone,
    0:24:39 you just bought Apple stock,
    0:24:41 like you have millions of dollars or whatever.
    0:24:42 It’s very much like that.
    0:24:45 I have been in and out of Bitcoin,
    0:24:47 not as early as it started,
    0:24:49 ’cause I remember talking about on Dignation
    0:24:51 when it was like five cents a coin.
    0:24:52 – It was nothing.
    0:24:53 It was nothing.
    0:24:54 I remember I looked back at,
    0:24:59 my first purchase was at about $10 a coin, which is crazy.
    0:25:00 – And again, I go back to it.
    0:25:01 – I remember when it hit a hundred, I was like,
    0:25:03 oh, cash out, bitch, I’m out, son.
    0:25:05 – It’s always a good idea to sell
    0:25:07 until it’s not a good idea that you sold.
    0:25:08 – Exactly.
    0:25:09 – And again, it’s the same thing.
    0:25:12 It’s like, had we not put the money that we put into
    0:25:16 the mining operation and just bought and held Bitcoin,
    0:25:18 so much money, like so much money,
    0:25:20 but also wouldn’t have been as fun.
    0:25:22 It’s the same thing as like putting money in the stock market
    0:25:24 and just sitting there and watch it kind of do some stuff.
    0:25:26 That’s just not fun, you know what I mean?
    0:25:29 Yeah, me and some partners got together.
    0:25:31 I built my own miner.
    0:25:33 – Like ASIC miner or like what were you doing?
    0:25:34 – No, no, no, no, no, this wasn’t mining Bitcoin.
    0:25:37 So like I was doing stuff, this is way back in the day,
    0:25:38 like Bitcoin was probably like a hundred.
    0:25:39 – Okay, yeah, yeah.
    0:25:41 – 75, something like that.
    0:25:43 And I built myself a graphics,
    0:25:45 like one of those things it was like in a milk crate.
    0:25:46 – Yeah.
    0:25:47 – You know what I mean?
    0:25:51 – Yeah, yeah, and then you stack up the GPUs, yeah, yeah, yeah.
    0:25:52 I would like tunnel into it.
    0:25:54 My buddy had an office.
    0:25:55 His electricity was included in the brain.
    0:25:57 – People used to do that.
    0:25:58 – Hey!
    0:25:58 – Yeah, people used to do that.
    0:26:01 They’d take and plug them into their employers electricity.
    0:26:02 – A hundred percent.
    0:26:04 So I was like, this is free money, you know what I mean?
    0:26:06 I bought the stuff, set it up, and you know,
    0:26:08 I mean, computer scientists from way back
    0:26:10 and a computer nerd from my entire life,
    0:26:12 like building this was super fun
    0:26:15 and downloading the miners, then setting up the miners,
    0:26:18 setting up the like drilling in and all the like tunneling in
    0:26:20 and being able to do all that stuff was super fun.
    0:26:23 So I had weeks of tinkering, which was super great.
    0:26:25 And then I started doing this thing
    0:26:29 where I would go to these Chinese exchanges
    0:26:33 and I would find altcoins that I could mine
    0:26:37 that were trading for Bitcoin on these exchanges.
    0:26:39 You know, one point I was mining like Federation coin,
    0:26:41 which was like a Star Trek altcoin.
    0:26:46 But in this Chinese exchange, you could sell that coin
    0:26:49 for a coin that on a regular exchange,
    0:26:51 not the like Wild West exchange,
    0:26:54 you could then sell that for Bitcoin.
    0:26:56 So I was doing this kind of arbitrage,
    0:26:58 but at the same time I was mining.
    0:27:00 So I’d be like mining Fed coin.
    0:27:02 I like was mining UFC coin at some point,
    0:27:03 like just these weird coins.
    0:27:05 And it wasn’t even associated, it was like, I get it.
    0:27:07 – I mean, that meme coins are the thing now,
    0:27:08 but this is way back in the day.
    0:27:09 – Nobody even called the meme coins.
    0:27:10 It wasn’t even a thing.
    0:27:12 Just some guy was like, I’m gonna make a coin.
    0:27:14 And then people were like, I’ll buy some of that.
    0:27:15 You know what I mean?
    0:27:16 And then there was an exchange where they were like,
    0:27:18 well, I’d trade that for this coin.
    0:27:20 And it was like, oh, that coin you can send over here
    0:27:22 and trade it for Bitcoin.
    0:27:25 So I did that for like, I can’t even remember how long,
    0:27:29 built up a little stockpile of like three, four Bitcoins,
    0:27:29 something like that.
    0:27:31 ‘Cause I was making a third of a coin here.
    0:27:32 – Yeah, yeah.
    0:27:35 – And then that was sitting on an exchange that went bust.
    0:27:36 – Oh, fuck.
    0:27:38 Well, I lost it. – What kind of exchange was it?
    0:27:39 – I can’t remember.
    0:27:40 – Not Mt. Gox.
    0:27:41 It was before that.
    0:27:43 It was before Mt. Gox, something else.
    0:27:44 – And you just lost it all.
    0:27:45 Oh, shit, dude, I’m sorry.
    0:27:47 – But again, I was like, yeah, it’s 800 bucks, whatever,
    0:27:48 at the time.
    0:27:49 – Yeah, at the time.
    0:27:51 – And now I’m like, I’d like that $200,000 back then.
    0:27:53 – Yeah, exactly, seriously.
    0:27:55 – And then I got into the mining stuff.
    0:27:57 And so I was always sort of dipping and dipping out.
    0:27:58 And I was just like, whatever.
    0:28:00 So we got a couple miners and then a partner was like,
    0:28:03 hey, I’m opening a place.
    0:28:05 We put it there and then ran that
    0:28:06 for months and months made some.
    0:28:09 I remember I was in Hawaii for Thanksgiving.
    0:28:12 And I remember when Bitcoin hit 20 for the first time.
    0:28:15 And I was getting alerts from the miners.
    0:28:16 And so I get an alert that was like,
    0:28:18 you just made $700.
    0:28:19 – That’s amazing.
    0:28:22 – You just made bubble, and it was like, yeah.
    0:28:25 And then we sold everything, liquidated it all down.
    0:28:28 And then it dipped down to like eight again.
    0:28:30 And the miners are just underwater.
    0:28:33 We sold them all for like nothing.
    0:28:35 And then I walked away from that with like three,
    0:28:38 two and a half Bitcoin, which at the time I was like,
    0:28:41 yeah, it’s fine, you know, you made a little money.
    0:28:43 And then I put it into BlockFi.
    0:28:45 – Oh, shit.
    0:28:47 – Started to make an interest on it, which is great.
    0:28:48 I had my credit card, which is awesome.
    0:28:50 – But you got the back now, right?
    0:28:51 – They went bankrupt.
    0:28:55 And when the whole FTX thing happened.
    0:28:55 – Right.
    0:28:57 – And I was like, well, it happened again.
    0:28:58 – Didn’t they return all of it?
    0:28:59 – I got all of it back.
    0:29:01 I was flabbergasted that I got all of it.
    0:29:02 – Yeah.
    0:29:03 – But I got all of it back.
    0:29:04 – My buddy Brendan had the same thing happen
    0:29:06 when we had all of his shit locked up.
    0:29:08 ‘Cause everyone was getting like 5%, 6%,
    0:29:09 whatever was amazing.
    0:29:11 – Better than a wallet, just not a secure.
    0:29:12 It was a company, you know what I mean?
    0:29:14 Chris was the one that told me at your party.
    0:29:15 – Yeah, I mean–
    0:29:16 – He was the one that was like, dude, you gotta–
    0:29:18 – I had a BlockFi account, I was earning interest.
    0:29:21 And there was one time where I was just like,
    0:29:23 there was something that made me a little uncomfortable.
    0:29:25 I’m like, how can this just exist forever?
    0:29:25 – Yeah.
    0:29:27 – You know, I remember just like earning a bunch of interest
    0:29:30 and be like, am I gonna, something?
    0:29:31 And I just withdrew all.
    0:29:33 And I got really lucky, I avoided it by like one month.
    0:29:35 And it was just pure luck.
    0:29:39 We lucked out too, ’cause I had convinced Heather, my wife,
    0:29:43 to put a not crazy amount of our savings
    0:29:45 into like USD coin or something.
    0:29:47 – Yeah.
    0:29:48 – On BlockFi, and we were making a good interest.
    0:29:50 I mean, it was like north of 5%.
    0:29:52 And it was like, hey, it’s tracking the US dollar.
    0:29:54 So it’s like, you don’t really have to worry
    0:29:56 about the fluctuation in the price of the coin.
    0:29:57 It was like, it all made sense.
    0:30:00 And we had made some good return on it,
    0:30:01 but at a certain point Heather was like,
    0:30:02 yeah, I’m not super comfortable.
    0:30:03 I was like, dude, then I’ll pull it out.
    0:30:05 And I pulled it out a year
    0:30:08 before all the stuff went down and knock on wood.
    0:30:09 I mean, thankfully BlockFi was really good
    0:30:11 about giving that money back to people.
    0:30:13 ‘Cause again, it was assets under management, right?
    0:30:15 It wasn’t like, or not even assets under management.
    0:30:16 They were custodial wallets.
    0:30:19 So they were like, we don’t think this is our money.
    0:30:21 We think this is your money.
    0:30:22 We just can’t give it to you
    0:30:23 because we’re going through a bankruptcy.
    0:30:24 – Interesting.
    0:30:28 – Yeah, at every step they were like, this isn’t ours.
    0:30:29 This is a custodial wallet.
    0:30:31 We think of it that way.
    0:30:32 Because again, I got burnt on that other exchange.
    0:30:34 So I still was like, if, you know.
    0:30:35 – Yeah, it happens, it happens.
    0:30:36 – It happens, but I got it back.
    0:30:37 And it’s been really good actually
    0:30:40 because now I’ve gotten to this point where
    0:30:45 there are things that I will go, that seems cool.
    0:30:48 I’ll just sell a little Bitcoin and we’ll do it that way.
    0:30:49 You know what I mean?
    0:30:52 So like we did an investment in like a little friends
    0:30:54 and family investment in a ready to drink alcohol brand
    0:30:55 called Art and Rev.
    0:30:57 – Is that the little tiny guys?
    0:31:00 – No, it’s a can, but it’s like really high end.
    0:31:02 We make our own liquors out of Minnesota.
    0:31:04 – Why didn’t you bring some of that tonight?
    0:31:05 – Well, I should have, I’m sorry.
    0:31:07 Next time, yeah.
    0:31:09 But it was great because it was like really small amount.
    0:31:11 But I was like, let’s just take it out of the Bitcoin
    0:31:13 ’cause Bitcoin was like at the point,
    0:31:15 you know, where it was making some money.
    0:31:17 And we’ve made all that back now, it’s crazy.
    0:31:19 We keep a little bit and then when we wanna do like,
    0:31:21 let’s remodel a bathroom, we’ll take it.
    0:31:23 Because I never used it.
    0:31:24 You know what I mean?
    0:31:25 And that was always the thing where I was like,
    0:31:27 I would always tell my buddy Jerry, I was like,
    0:31:30 dude, I just made 10 grand in like 20 minutes
    0:31:31 ’cause Bitcoin’s go crazy.
    0:31:33 And he was like, did you?
    0:31:34 I was like, I mean, yeah.
    0:31:35 – Right, until you actually saw it.
    0:31:35 – And he’s like, are you gonna sell it?
    0:31:37 And I was like, no, you’re gonna hold it.
    0:31:38 And I was like, well, then you didn’t make 10.
    0:31:40 It’s just fun to watch the numbers go up.
    0:31:43 So with this, now I’ve kind of gotten to this thing
    0:31:46 where I’m like, when it’s time to do something fun,
    0:31:48 like we’re gonna try to redo our own bathroom.
    0:31:51 I don’t know why we’re doing this, but we’re gonna try.
    0:31:51 – Yourself?
    0:31:52 – Yes.
    0:31:54 – I’m addicted to these Instagram accounts
    0:31:56 that have like all the woodworking tools and tips
    0:31:57 and shit like that.
    0:31:58 You watching that shit?
    0:32:00 Oh dude, it’s so good.
    0:32:03 – No, but we actually do like a Instagram account on us
    0:32:05 attempting to redo, we’re just doing our half bath.
    0:32:07 It’s just like a little bath.
    0:32:08 When we were in Tuscany, I was like,
    0:32:10 I wanna move to Tuscany.
    0:32:12 This feels so cool, not Tuscany specifically,
    0:32:14 but like, I love the vibe of Tuscany.
    0:32:16 – Yeah, well, people should know you don’t have kids.
    0:32:17 – Don’t have kids, no.
    0:32:19 – And you’re not planning to have any kids.
    0:32:20 You got that freedom, dude.
    0:32:21 That’s what’s cool.
    0:32:22 You could do that if you want to.
    0:32:26 – I mean, honestly, like it’s funny that the freedom thing,
    0:32:28 for us now, the anchor is friends.
    0:32:29 – Yeah.
    0:32:33 – Like, so we’re gonna move to Tuscany
    0:32:34 and not see our friends.
    0:32:35 But then it’s sort of like,
    0:32:37 yeah, we don’t really see our friends all that often anyway.
    0:32:38 You know what I mean?
    0:32:41 Even local friends will see ’em once every six months.
    0:32:42 We’ll be like, oh, we haven’t seen each other.
    0:32:43 Like, we gotta get to dinner together.
    0:32:46 Yeah, it’s like, they’re gonna come if we’re like,
    0:32:48 hey, there’s a free, just get yourself to Tuscany.
    0:32:50 You can stay here for a week, for free.
    0:32:51 – What’s funny is like, now that I moved to LA,
    0:32:53 we’ve seen each other twice now,
    0:32:55 which is just like ridiculous.
    0:32:56 – So stupid.
    0:32:58 – I mean, you did move to the other side of Los Angeles.
    0:33:00 – Which is another city altogether, practically.
    0:33:02 Yeah, it is ridiculous.
    0:33:04 – But yeah, so it did a bunch of Bitcoin stuff.
    0:33:06 And then our mutual friend Ben,
    0:33:07 I was an advisor to his company, Caffeine,
    0:33:08 that he launched.
    0:33:11 And then he got a big investment from Fox to do,
    0:33:12 and this is a live streaming service,
    0:33:14 to do content to make it on the studio.
    0:33:15 – And you were running a bunch of shows over there.
    0:33:16 – I ran a bunch of shows.
    0:33:18 Yeah, I was running original production for them
    0:33:20 for a while, just creating shows, running them.
    0:33:22 Super fun, had a blast.
    0:33:25 I had a live, weekly, interactive animated series.
    0:33:26 It was like a comedy animated show,
    0:33:28 but it was live and interactive,
    0:33:31 which was just like so fun problem solving all that stuff.
    0:33:34 And then we did a live interactive Dungeons & Dragons show.
    0:33:35 – I remember that.
    0:33:35 – Dude, it was so fun.
    0:33:37 We had an animatronic host.
    0:33:40 The puppet was like an animatronic puppet was the host.
    0:33:42 And we would do our breaks for the thing.
    0:33:44 We’d literally just chat, talking to an animatronic puppet.
    0:33:47 It was some of the best time ever.
    0:33:49 And then oversaw productions for them for a while.
    0:33:51 And then you had just kind of stepped away
    0:33:53 and was like, what do I want to do?
    0:33:56 And to be honest, I don’t have an answer.
    0:33:57 You know what I mean?
    0:33:57 – Yeah.
    0:34:00 – I just enjoyed doing stuff, doing weird things.
    0:34:02 I just did my first loop group session.
    0:34:03 – I don’t know what that is.
    0:34:04 – It’s so weird.
    0:34:05 – Is it like wife sharing stuff?
    0:34:07 – No, that’s different.
    0:34:08 That’s a different loop.
    0:34:10 No, that’s the loop you know of.
    0:34:11 – Yeah, the loop I know.
    0:34:14 – No, it’s this voiceover thing that you do
    0:34:17 with a group of people where you do the ancillary voices
    0:34:19 and like fight battle noises and stuff
    0:34:22 for animated series, video games and things like that.
    0:34:23 It’s crazy.
    0:34:26 I was like speaking, I was speaking Icelandic at some point.
    0:34:27 It was super fun.
    0:34:29 – It was an iPhone app?
    0:34:30 – No, no, no.
    0:34:31 The one we were doing was for an animated movie
    0:34:32 that my buddy’s been doing.
    0:34:33 – Oh, cool.
    0:34:36 – Yeah. And it was just like, I was speaking Icelandic
    0:34:38 and we were like Vikings and it was crazy.
    0:34:39 It was so much fun.
    0:34:40 – That’s awesome.
    0:34:41 – It was so much fun.
    0:34:42 But it’s like, that was cool.
    0:34:43 I mean, I’d do that again if somebody asked.
    0:34:46 Thankfully, I personally have done enough where like,
    0:34:48 not that I don’t need to work ’cause I need to work.
    0:34:49 You know, everybody needs to make money,
    0:34:52 but it’s not like an immediate need where it’s like,
    0:34:54 before it was like, I need to work
    0:34:56 so I can go to the grocery store.
    0:34:57 You know what I mean?
    0:34:58 And then once that need became,
    0:35:00 I need to work so that I can go to the grocery store
    0:35:02 in 15 years, right?
    0:35:03 – Right.
    0:35:04 – It was still a need.
    0:35:05 And now it’s like, I need to work
    0:35:08 because I think in like 20 years,
    0:35:10 I don’t know if I can go to the grocery store,
    0:35:12 but I think I might be able to go to the grocery store.
    0:35:13 You know what I mean?
    0:35:13 So it’s like…
    0:35:15 – And then you’re checking your age and you’re like,
    0:35:18 okay, will I be fed or will I be…
    0:35:20 – My buddy screwed me up so bad.
    0:35:21 – Why?
    0:35:22 – We were talking about just,
    0:35:24 we’re playing video games talking bullshit
    0:35:25 ’cause that’s what we do.
    0:35:26 And it’s great, it’s great life.
    0:35:28 And he goes, I can’t remember what we were talking about.
    0:35:32 And he was like, look, if we’re lucky, we’re lucky,
    0:35:36 we’ve got 20 more years of being healthy
    0:35:37 and AI do whatever we want.
    0:35:39 Yes, yeah.
    0:35:41 – You’re 48?
    0:35:41 – Yeah.
    0:35:43 – 68, I hope you can still do them.
    0:35:46 – No, if we’re lucky, by 68, I hope so too.
    0:35:49 But by 68, those years are gonna be the same as my years.
    0:35:51 He’s 74.
    0:35:52 – How’s he doing?
    0:35:54 – He’s doing good, but he’s slowing down.
    0:35:56 He’s got some back issues.
    0:35:56 You know what I mean?
    0:35:58 – But like, he can go have a nice dinner and hang out.
    0:36:01 – Sure, 100%, 100%.
    0:36:03 But again, he’s lucky.
    0:36:03 – Yeah.
    0:36:04 – You know what I mean?
    0:36:06 – Yeah, my dad went down at 73.
    0:36:07 – Right, yeah.
    0:36:08 – At your house.
    0:36:09 I got the phone call at your house.
    0:36:11 – Dude, I will never forget that
    0:36:14 ’cause I remember Prager knocking on our door
    0:36:16 at like seven in the morning.
    0:36:18 And I was like, why is Prager knocking on my door?
    0:36:19 – I was laying in your spare bedroom.
    0:36:21 We recorded “Dignation” the night before
    0:36:23 and my sister calls me.
    0:36:24 It was like seven a.m.
    0:36:26 My phone I had on vibrate is like zzzz.
    0:36:28 And then in my head, I’m like, oh, fuck.
    0:36:31 Why would she be calling me this early?
    0:36:32 Why?
    0:36:33 Why?
    0:36:34 – No good reason.
    0:36:34 – No good reason.
    0:36:35 – Only bad reasons.
    0:36:36 – Only bad reasons.
    0:36:37 And then I picked up the second time she called
    0:36:40 and she’s like, dad’s passed and she was in tears.
    0:36:43 And I was at your house, dude.
    0:36:44 And so what did Prager say?
    0:36:45 I don’t even remember.
    0:36:46 That whole thing was a blur to me.
    0:36:47 – Oh, dude, Prager knocked on the door
    0:36:49 and I was like, what did they need at seven?
    0:36:50 ‘Cause you guys had a flight.
    0:36:51 Like, it was all gonna be–
    0:36:52 – That flight was like nine or something.
    0:36:53 – Yeah, it was gonna be like–
    0:36:55 – We were going back to SF.
    0:36:56 – Yeah. – Oh, yeah.
    0:36:57 And I remember I opened the door
    0:36:59 and Prager was just like, dude,
    0:37:01 Kevin’s father had a heart attack, we gotta go.
    0:37:04 And I was like, okay, and I just put–
    0:37:04 – Yeah.
    0:37:07 I remember when you walked me out to the front room
    0:37:08 and I was just like, she’s passed.
    0:37:10 And I was just like in a daze.
    0:37:11 – Yeah.
    0:37:12 – And I had to go to the airport.
    0:37:14 I had to call a taxi.
    0:37:15 – Oh, yeah.
    0:37:16 – Oh, yeah, no Uber’s, yeah, for sure.
    0:37:18 – Yeah, and then I just went to the airport
    0:37:19 and then booked a flight.
    0:37:20 It wasn’t until I was on the flight to Las Vegas
    0:37:22 that I kind of broke down ’cause I was in such a shock.
    0:37:25 – Oh, dude, well, that’s always what happens, right?
    0:37:25 – Yeah.
    0:37:27 – You’re just kind of like a zombie through,
    0:37:29 ’cause then you’re in work mode, right?
    0:37:31 You’re like, okay, I’m not going to SF.
    0:37:34 Gotta go to Vegas, gotta get to the airport,
    0:37:35 get on the flight, get a ticket.
    0:37:37 Who flies to Vegas right now?
    0:37:39 – Exactly, I was like Southwest, okay.
    0:37:40 – And then the moment you’re on there,
    0:37:42 you’re like, oh my, this happened.
    0:37:45 – I know, I was sitting next to this younger girl
    0:37:47 and I remember that I had put my hand over my face
    0:37:49 and wiped some tears away.
    0:37:50 I just remember her, it must’ve been like,
    0:37:53 what the hell is this guy all fucked up about?
    0:37:55 You got engaged on stage at Dignation,
    0:37:57 well, I mean, you announced it, actually,
    0:37:58 and surprised me.
    0:38:00 – I was smart enough to not get engaged
    0:38:03 during the crazy London live show.
    0:38:04 That was that crazy show where like,
    0:38:06 you remember the security guard that they gave us?
    0:38:07 – No.
    0:38:08 – The big British guy?
    0:38:10 – Oh, dude, remember when I got a death threat
    0:38:11 to be shot and we had to have those guys?
    0:38:12 – Oh, that’s when–
    0:38:13 – ‘Cause those were Israeli guys.
    0:38:14 – I think that’s when that was.
    0:38:15 It was during that time.
    0:38:16 That was so weird.
    0:38:18 – No, this was a different one.
    0:38:20 – ‘Cause, oh, the Israeli guy.
    0:38:21 – Yeah, for people that don’t know,
    0:38:23 there was a death threat that came in to dig
    0:38:28 that said, you’re promoting too much left-wing content.
    0:38:29 – Right, yeah.
    0:38:30 – Like, a long time, obviously, a long time ago.
    0:38:33 They said, I’m gonna come to the Dignation and shoot you.
    0:38:35 We had to file with the FBI,
    0:38:38 got two undercover Israeli–
    0:38:39 – Yeah, it was like ex-Musad guys.
    0:38:41 – Yeah, and they had guns on them.
    0:38:42 – Oh, yeah.
    0:38:43 – And we were doing a lot of Dignation,
    0:38:44 and I was like sitting there in front of the crowd
    0:38:47 being like, let’s party, please don’t shoot me.
    0:38:49 – Yeah, I thought you had to bring the shots.
    0:38:49 – Yeah.
    0:38:51 – Like, that was tough.
    0:38:52 – Totally crazy tough.
    0:38:54 – But this guy, I remember,
    0:38:56 ’cause it was at the O2 conference center
    0:38:57 where it was like,
    0:38:59 I might have been WebEx, maybe?
    0:39:00 London?
    0:39:01 Might have been the future of WebEx.
    0:39:02 – It was Ryan Carson saying.
    0:39:05 – And we were backstage, and it was like 3,000 seats,
    0:39:06 and they were all filled,
    0:39:07 and we were just getting psyched up.
    0:39:11 And this big British guy, who was like the security guard.
    0:39:11 – Yeah.
    0:39:13 – He was like, what are these guys doing here?
    0:39:15 And we were like, oh, we do the show,
    0:39:17 and there’s like a platform with a couch.
    0:39:18 He was like, you do a show?
    0:39:21 And I was like, yeah, we sit and we drink and talk.
    0:39:21 Yeah.
    0:39:25 And he goes, oh, he was like, aren’t they getting free beer?
    0:39:26 And I was like, yeah, I think we got them all free beer.
    0:39:29 Like we made it so that people would get beer on the end.
    0:39:30 And he was like, oh, they’re just here for the beer.
    0:39:33 And we were like, okay, dude, just let’s go.
    0:39:35 Like, we’re about to go on stage in front of these people.
    0:39:36 Could we just chill?
    0:39:39 And that’s when this guy, our friend,
    0:39:43 who sometimes has good idea, we finish the show.
    0:39:45 And that’s the one where Heather came,
    0:39:47 and I announced that I got engaged,
    0:39:48 everybody crazy, it was so super fun.
    0:39:50 It was really a special time.
    0:39:51 And at the end of the show,
    0:39:53 everybody’s losing their mind.
    0:39:54 It’s so great.
    0:39:57 And of course, everybody rushes up to get a picture.
    0:40:00 And they’re all in front of the little stand
    0:40:01 where there’s a couch.
    0:40:02 – It lists up like four feet or whatever,
    0:40:04 like not even that three feet.
    0:40:07 – So Prager goes, get up on the couch with the guys
    0:40:08 and take a picture.
    0:40:12 So all 3,000 people start getting onto this platform.
    0:40:14 And then it was like, no, don’t get on the platform.
    0:40:15 And they were like, get off the platform.
    0:40:16 – Yeah, ’cause it was collapsed.
    0:40:17 – It was collapsed.
    0:40:18 I mean, there were so many people.
    0:40:19 And then people were jumping on this thing.
    0:40:20 And we were just like, okay.
    0:40:23 And all of a sudden, the scruff of my back
    0:40:25 gets picked up by this British guy.
    0:40:28 The giant security guard grabs both of us
    0:40:30 and starts walking us out through the privacy curtain.
    0:40:32 And he’s like, get out of the way, boys.
    0:40:33 Get out of the way.
    0:40:34 And he’s like pushing people out of the way.
    0:40:35 – Oh, shit.
    0:40:36 I don’t even remember anything.
    0:40:37 – And then he throws us back into the thing.
    0:40:39 And he was like, holy hell.
    0:40:41 He goes, you were serious.
    0:40:42 They were here for you.
    0:40:43 And we were like, yeah, dude.
    0:40:44 – For a photo.
    0:40:45 That’s what they were doing.
    0:40:47 He was like, I’ve never seen anything like that.
    0:40:48 – That was amazing.
    0:40:50 – Oh, it was so much fun.
    0:40:52 Oh my God.
    0:40:54 – Well, we’ll do another live show at some point.
    0:40:55 – Well, shit, why not?
    0:40:55 – Yeah, why not.
    0:40:56 We’re in LA.
    0:40:57 Pretty sure we can find a venue
    0:40:59 and just do like a little 50 person,
    0:41:01 just no Yeager shot, please, people.
    0:41:02 No Yeager shot.
    0:41:02 – That’s not gonna be a thing.
    0:41:03 That’s not gonna be a thing.
    0:41:04 – Definitely be a Yeager shot.
    0:41:06 – Our liver is gonna die.
    0:41:08 Oh, speaking of livers and not drinking.
    0:41:09 – Yeah, how your liver ends up.
    0:41:12 – See, you went to, I don’t look at those things.
    0:41:15 – So you went 90 days without drinking?
    0:41:15 – Give or take.
    0:41:16 – 20 days?
    0:41:17 – No, no, no.
    0:41:20 I actually, I’ve made it 45 days and then I had to go.
    0:41:21 – Had to go get a drink.
    0:41:22 – No, no, no, no.
    0:41:23 Honestly, these wines.
    0:41:28 – Kevin is like, this is why I don’t drink,
    0:41:29 but I do interviews.
    0:41:30 – Exactly.
    0:41:32 The one thing that’s fun about Parliament of State
    0:41:33 and NAPA is like, I get to help them out
    0:41:35 on the advisory board.
    0:41:38 And so we were doing an advisory board meeting up in NAPA.
    0:41:41 So I flipped there and they’re like, oh, guess what?
    0:41:43 Today’s the blind tasting day.
    0:41:44 Well, we’re all gonna do a blind tasting.
    0:41:46 We’re gonna pull out like 10 wines to blind taste.
    0:41:47 – Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.
    0:41:48 The like library stuff.
    0:41:52 – And I’m like, oh my God, how can I not have a sip?
    0:41:53 – No, no.
    0:41:54 – And so I kind of broke down at 45,
    0:41:55 but I’ve been really good.
    0:41:57 I’ve been very good at cutting back a lot.
    0:42:00 I think it’s very difficult.
    0:42:03 – I think it’s very difficult.
    0:42:05 – Well, I mean, you know how it is.
    0:42:06 – I do.
    0:42:07 – Because I like to drink,
    0:42:10 but also I feel so much better when I don’t drink.
    0:42:11 – When you go for like a week?
    0:42:13 – So this summer I went four months.
    0:42:14 – Ooh.
    0:42:17 (laughing)
    0:42:19 – It’s like I just showed you a pie.
    0:42:22 – I did, I went four months.
    0:42:25 – I did, I went four months over the summer.
    0:42:26 – This summer, that was last summer then.
    0:42:28 – No, it was summer.
    0:42:29 Was it last summer?
    0:42:30 – Yeah, we’re not in the summer yet.
    0:42:31 We’re just starting summer.
    0:42:33 – Right, yeah, so last summer.
    0:42:35 The most recent summer we did.
    0:42:39 I just had, oh man, it’s one of those things where like,
    0:42:40 the way I talk about it,
    0:42:41 it’s the same way I talk about eating, right?
    0:42:43 – Did Heather have to stop by the way or did you?
    0:42:44 – She tried.
    0:42:46 – She tried, how long did she make it?
    0:42:47 – Couple days.
    0:42:48 Also it wasn’t about that for me.
    0:42:50 It was like, I love that you filled mine up
    0:42:51 and not yours out.
    0:42:52 – Well, I’m waiting ’cause I’m gonna switch to red
    0:42:53 once we move to the couch.
    0:42:54 – Oh, spoiler alert.
    0:42:55 – Sorry.
    0:42:58 – So I’m very much a binary person
    0:42:59 when it comes to things like that.
    0:43:00 – Yes, same.
    0:43:02 – I’m either on program or I’m off program.
    0:43:02 – Yes, yes.
    0:43:04 – If I’m eating healthy, I’m eating healthy.
    0:43:06 If I’m not eating healthy,
    0:43:08 I’m gonna eat like a garbage man.
    0:43:09 – Yes.
    0:43:11 – Just like a garbage troll.
    0:43:12 – 7-Eleven.
    0:43:13 – Oh, I will go that far.
    0:43:14 – Oh, dude.
    0:43:15 – If I’m not doing anything, I’m off reservation.
    0:43:16 – So here’s my thing.
    0:43:18 This is, I will tell you, this is the truth.
    0:43:20 The worst version of myself is,
    0:43:22 we’ll go out to a nice dinner.
    0:43:25 We’ll have like a nice dinner and we’ll get the kids.
    0:43:26 Kids are being a little bit like loud
    0:43:28 and kind of like, you know.
    0:43:29 – Kids.
    0:43:31 – Yeah, you know, where you’re just like, okay.
    0:43:34 Okay, yes, she can have the red crayon.
    0:43:35 Now give it back, okay.
    0:43:37 And I’m like, Martini, you know?
    0:43:38 And I’m just doing Martini.
    0:43:41 And then, you know, this is maybe your second Martini.
    0:43:45 And then you take an Uber home and self driving.
    0:43:46 No, I’m just kidding.
    0:43:49 No, you take an Uber home and then when you get home,
    0:43:50 I order a pizza.
    0:43:52 (laughing)
    0:43:54 And then I’ll eat the whole pizza.
    0:43:55 – Okay, but where do you order the pizza from?
    0:43:56 – A good place.
    0:43:57 – Okay.
    0:43:58 – Like Emmy squared.
    0:44:01 – I’ll order pizza hot pizza when I’m in garbage mode.
    0:44:02 Heather hates it.
    0:44:03 – I can’t do that, dude.
    0:44:04 Why don’t you treat yourself?
    0:44:07 – It’s like $4 more for a good pizza.
    0:44:10 – Because I want the experience of eating crap.
    0:44:12 Like that’s part of it for me.
    0:44:13 I don’t know why.
    0:44:14 It’s just part of my psyche.
    0:44:15 – You just don’t wake up feeling like shit.
    0:44:17 – I always wake up feeling lovely.
    0:44:17 That’s the problem.
    0:44:18 – You do?
    0:44:19 – Yeah.
    0:44:20 – You don’t ever get a hangover.
    0:44:21 – Okay, it happens periodically,
    0:44:22 but rarely ever get a hangover.
    0:44:23 – What’s your secret?
    0:44:24 – Genetics, I don’t know.
    0:44:29 But I will say what got me going was,
    0:44:31 this is so bad, I shouldn’t even tell people this.
    0:44:32 When the garbage man comes out,
    0:44:34 it’s usually when Heather is out of town.
    0:44:37 – Mm, well with friends who sit by yourself at home.
    0:44:38 – By myself.
    0:44:39 That’s the worst.
    0:44:40 – Okay.
    0:44:41 – And this is what caused me to go,
    0:44:42 why am I doing this?
    0:44:43 – Yeah.
    0:44:44 – So it was a Friday night,
    0:44:46 and I know this because Saturday night,
    0:44:49 I went to this like crazy networking event
    0:44:50 with a friend of mine
    0:44:52 and I didn’t drink at the networking event,
    0:44:52 which was like a big deal.
    0:44:53 – That’s tough for me.
    0:44:54 – It was a big deal.
    0:44:55 – Lots of people, I can’t do that.
    0:44:56 – Yeah, so it was a big deal.
    0:44:58 That night, I ordered like,
    0:45:00 I don’t know what the hell I ordered first.
    0:45:02 Garbage food.
    0:45:03 Started drinking Jack Daniels.
    0:45:05 Started at like six, you know what I mean?
    0:45:06 ‘Cause again, Heather was out of town.
    0:45:07 – That’s not that late.
    0:45:09 – Our dog Montana had passed,
    0:45:11 so we didn’t have a dog in the house.
    0:45:13 So it literally was like, I was a bachelor again,
    0:45:14 you know what I mean?
    0:45:15 – Yeah.
    0:45:16 – And we got another dog now, Bindi,
    0:45:17 who’s sweet and lovely.
    0:45:20 But I ordered food, started drinking Jack.
    0:45:24 Nine, 9.30, I’m like hungry.
    0:45:27 I’m not, but my brain says I’m hungry.
    0:45:30 I order this like sloppy burrito and quesadilla,
    0:45:33 whatever, eat that, didn’t need to.
    0:45:34 Started feeling like nausea,
    0:45:37 like I just ate too much, kept drinking Jack.
    0:45:38 Went to bed.
    0:45:39 Oh, Heather might’ve been in town, actually.
    0:45:40 Now that I think about it,
    0:45:43 I think she was just out doing something.
    0:45:45 At one point, I like woke up at like three or four
    0:45:48 and it felt like I had just almost thrown up in my mouth.
    0:45:50 And I was like, and I like went into the bathroom
    0:45:51 real quick to be like, did I need to throw up?
    0:45:53 And I was like, no.
    0:45:55 And I went back to bed and I just woke up
    0:45:57 and I was like, what the fuck am I doing?
    0:45:58 – Yeah.
    0:46:01 – What the fuck do I think I am doing?
    0:46:02 This is bad.
    0:46:03 This is not cool.
    0:46:07 By myself, I ate five meals.
    0:46:09 I’m at this point where I’m like,
    0:46:12 almost vomiting in the middle of sleep.
    0:46:14 Is this gonna be Friday night for the rest of my life?
    0:46:16 It was a weird feeling.
    0:46:19 And so I just woke up that next morning
    0:46:21 and I told Heather, I was like, I’m done for a bit.
    0:46:22 I’m just done for a bit.
    0:46:24 And that lasted four months.
    0:46:24 – That’s amazing.
    0:46:26 – Yeah, it was just, I’m done for a bit.
    0:46:28 It wasn’t, I’m never drinking again.
    0:46:30 It was just, that was an experience
    0:46:31 that I don’t wanna have again.
    0:46:33 And then the holidays came around
    0:46:35 and it was like Thanksgiving.
    0:46:36 And I was like, ah, then we saw some family.
    0:46:38 And then we were like, ah, and I was like,
    0:46:39 and then we literally saw some family
    0:46:40 and it was a wine tasting.
    0:46:42 And I was like, I can have a glass of wine.
    0:46:43 Like I would sip people’s wine.
    0:46:46 It wasn’t like, it was allergic to alcohol
    0:46:47 or it was like very anti.
    0:46:50 And then it was just like, not like back into it,
    0:46:52 but it’s just hard.
    0:46:54 Like we always say, well, it’s just not gonna drink
    0:46:54 during the week.
    0:46:57 And then one of us, I mean, it’s a little bit like,
    0:46:59 it’s hard with both of us and no kids, right?
    0:47:00 ‘Cause then it’s like.
    0:47:01 – Well, it gets harder with kids, dude.
    0:47:02 – Oh, well, yeah, I get that.
    0:47:03 – Because then you’re just like,
    0:47:05 you’re dealing with chaos at this age.
    0:47:06 – Yeah, yeah, yeah.
    0:47:08 – And then it’s like, okay, you know,
    0:47:11 Dariah gets done with a really like long day
    0:47:13 and helps put them to sleep, like to be fair.
    0:47:16 Like she, mama is more important than dad at this age.
    0:47:19 And they lean on her more for a lot of the stuff.
    0:47:21 And you know, she’ll come down
    0:47:22 and pop a bottle of champagne or something.
    0:47:25 And she’ll be like, you want a glass?
    0:47:29 And I’m just like, glass, the cool thing I will say
    0:47:34 is that I don’t ever drink to like where I’m like a hammered.
    0:47:39 Like I’m a kind of like 2.5 drink person, 2.75.
    0:47:40 – Interesting, okay.
    0:47:43 I drink a bottle of red wine almost every night.
    0:47:44 – Oh, shit.
    0:47:46 – And it barely affects me.
    0:47:47 – That’s amazing. – At this point.
    0:47:48 – Yeah.
    0:47:49 – I’m curious what your liver enzymes look like.
    0:47:50 – Probably good.
    0:47:51 – Yeah.
    0:47:52 – I think probably really good.
    0:47:53 – We talked about this before that show.
    0:47:54 We’re gonna do a whole makeup on you.
    0:47:56 We’re gonna do your A4B test.
    0:48:00 – I am a head in the sand.
    0:48:00 – I know.
    0:48:02 – I mean, do you remember when I first got–
    0:48:03 – High cholesterol.
    0:48:04 – High cholesterol?
    0:48:05 We were in Austin.
    0:48:06 – You were like 22 or something.
    0:48:07 – Yeah, thankfully, I was a little bit older.
    0:48:08 But you remember we were in Austin.
    0:48:09 – I was like, what the fuck are you talking about?
    0:48:11 – I didn’t order fries.
    0:48:14 I was me thinking I was gonna knock that out of the way.
    0:48:17 But then I lost a bunch of weight somewhere in there.
    0:48:18 And my cholesterol was fine.
    0:48:20 – Yeah, but dude, we gotta get your A4B tested
    0:48:23 and LP Little A as well.
    0:48:25 For people that are curious, go get those tests.
    0:48:26 That’s very important.
    0:48:27 – Yeah.
    0:48:28 – We’ll get you on the program.
    0:48:33 – Hey man, I’m happy to learn all the things about the things.
    0:48:34 – There’s lots of things to learn.
    0:48:36 – Yeah, so I did four months.
    0:48:37 – That’s amazing.
    0:48:40 I hear that at three months, it gets a lot easier.
    0:48:45 – I will say, if it hadn’t been for a wine tasting event–
    0:48:48 – Stam wine tasting.
    0:48:51 – With family, I get it.
    0:48:53 Had it been a wine tasting event with other people,
    0:48:53 you know what I mean?
    0:48:56 Probably would have been able to not go, you know what I mean?
    0:48:57 To be fair.
    0:48:59 There’s a world in which I would have
    0:49:00 gotten through the holidays.
    0:49:02 ‘Cause I got through a lot of things that I’ve,
    0:49:03 ’cause that’s the thing with not drinking
    0:49:07 is there’s so many reasons to drink.
    0:49:09 – Well, it’s funny, ’cause I–
    0:49:10 – This is a perfect example.
    0:49:11 – This is embarrassing,
    0:49:14 but I’ve read a couple of those cut back on drinking books.
    0:49:15 It’s not embarrassing.
    0:49:17 I’m really allowed to say that, I guess.
    0:49:18 – What would be embarrassing about that?
    0:49:21 – Well, it’s just like people,
    0:49:24 there’s a stigma around having a problem around alcohol.
    0:49:26 And like, for me, I’ve always been like,
    0:49:29 can I cut back to, like, my Dr. Peter Tia is like,
    0:49:31 okay, he’s always told me like, you know,
    0:49:34 five or less drinks a week is like where you wanna be at.
    0:49:35 – Well, a week.
    0:49:36 – Yeah.
    0:49:37 – I thought you were gonna say at night,
    0:49:39 and I’m like, I’m in.
    0:49:41 Four glasses gets you a bottle, that’s good.
    0:49:44 – But like, you know, it’s one of those things
    0:49:47 where when you read the literature on it,
    0:49:50 and it’s like, I just, it’s pretty poison.
    0:49:52 It’s pretty bad for your body.
    0:49:53 – Yeah.
    0:49:57 – Yeah, so, but it’s hard because you are not used
    0:49:59 to these social situations.
    0:49:59 – Yeah.
    0:50:01 – Where like, when I was doing this, you know,
    0:50:04 45 days of being sober, I went to several like,
    0:50:07 you know, functions that were like networking events
    0:50:08 or get together or whatever.
    0:50:11 And you have to like, relearn a muscle
    0:50:13 or build a muscle that you didn’t have,
    0:50:15 because you were so used to being hammered.
    0:50:16 – Social networking.
    0:50:17 – Oh, 100%.
    0:50:18 – Yeah.
    0:50:20 – Dude, I went to this crazy dinner
    0:50:22 where I shit you not, and I learned a bunch of crazy shit,
    0:50:25 but like, I was sitting next to the CTO of Microsoft.
    0:50:27 This was like a month and a half ago.
    0:50:27 – Yeah.
    0:50:29 – And dude, he used to be like a fan.
    0:50:30 – What?
    0:50:32 – Yeah, he’s the most tech TV and shit, like fall-
    0:50:33 – Amazing.
    0:50:36 – I was like, oh, there was some, like, I didn’t even know.
    0:50:37 – That’s amazing.
    0:50:37 – Yeah, it was so cool.
    0:50:38 He’s a really nice guy.
    0:50:40 His name’s Kevin, he’s a super nice guy,
    0:50:42 but nobody was drinking at the table.
    0:50:43 And like, but they were serving wine.
    0:50:45 There’s like one guy that had like a half glass of wine.
    0:50:46 – Interesting.
    0:50:48 – And I was like, do I want to be the guy
    0:50:50 that was like giving me a glass of wine, you know?
    0:50:53 And so I didn’t do it, but it was challenging
    0:50:55 because I was surrounded by like the other like four or five
    0:50:58 people were all just like, you know,
    0:51:01 I would put them on the top tech pedestal
    0:51:03 in terms of people.
    0:51:05 And I was just like, it’s a nerve-wracking thing.
    0:51:06 – Of course, 100%.
    0:51:09 – ‘Cause like, you know, and there’s no easier way
    0:51:10 to get relaxed, obviously.
    0:51:11 – 100%.
    0:51:13 – You’re an alcohol or heroin, and it’s just like–
    0:51:15 – It’s just like, no, I don’t drink.
    0:51:17 – Roll out, it’s like heroin.
    0:51:18 – Exactly.
    0:51:19 I was just kidding about that.
    0:51:20 I’ve never tried heroin.
    0:51:22 Anyway, should we shoot a Dignation?
    0:51:23 – Yeah, fuck it.
    0:51:24 – Let’s do it.
    0:51:24 – Yeah.

    Alex Albrecht joins Kevins to take a trip down memory lane. They reminisce about Diggnation, and their wildest drunken moments, including the infamous Reno episode and various escapades during live shows. Kevin and Alex share their experiences with Bitcoin mining, discussing their investments’ highs and lows, and the perpetual f*ckery of sobriety. Tune in next week for part II, Diggnation style!

    Guest Bio and Links:

    Alex Albrecht is known for his significant contributions to technology and entertainment. He is a podcast host, television personality, and tech entrepreneur. Alex gained popularity as the co-host of “The Screen Savers” on TechTV and later co-created and co-hosted the popular podcasts “Diggnation” and “The Totally Rad Show.” He has also ventured into directing, writing, and game development.

    Listeners can learn more about Alex Albrecht at his website, and on X @alexalbrecht 

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    Show Notes: 

    * (0:00) Introduction

    * (0:55) Dram: Try the Kevin Rose Show sparkling drink sampler + 20% off everything

    * (2:17) DeleteMe: 20% off removing your personal info from the web 

    * (4:30) Reno’s drunken chaos 

    * (9:00) Hair of the dog 

    * (14:55) Reminiscing time in Japan 

    * (17:25) Tokyo high-rise party

    * (21:10) CoPilot: Free 2 months of Kevin’s favorite personal finance app

    * (22:08) Enjoy 30 Free Guided Meditation Sessions with The Way App

    * (23:33) Latest for Alex 

    * (23:50) Bitcoin mining stories 

    * (34:30) Reflecting on health and aging

    * (35:19) “Look, if we’re lucky, we’ve got 20 more years of being healthy and able to do whatever we want.”

    * (41:10) 90 days without alcohol  

    * (48:30) The perpetual f*ckery of sobriety  

    * (51:30) Tune in 7/9/24 for a classic Diggnation

    Connect with Kevin:

    Website: kevinrose.com 

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    This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.kevinrose.com/subscribe

  • Unlock Your Why, A Masterclass With Simon Sinek (#63)

    AI transcript
    0:00:01 – What was that aha moment for you?
    0:00:05 I see something the rest of the world doesn’t see yet.
    0:00:05 – Yeah.
    0:00:06 – Well, I mean–
    0:00:08 – Simon Sinek, popular at 50 million views on it.
    0:00:10 – My initial conclusion was,
    0:00:12 the good partnerships, you love the partner
    0:00:13 and they’re offering you the ability
    0:00:15 to expand your vision.
    0:00:17 Though it won’t be perfect, no relationship is,
    0:00:18 you still love coming to work
    0:00:20 because you feel like you’re still advancing
    0:00:21 the greater good in building this business.
    0:00:23 Those are the partnerships we should be pursuing.
    0:00:25 Discomfort is one of those things
    0:00:26 that to learn to be uncomfortable
    0:00:28 is nobody who’s ever achieved anything in the world
    0:00:29 did it smoothly.
    0:00:33 We all came close to zero if not hitting zero first.
    0:00:35 And when you’re coming up to a stranger,
    0:00:37 can you help me get out of this?
    0:00:38 My answer is always the same as,
    0:00:40 why would I get into mud with a stranger?
    0:00:41 – Right. – I don’t know you.
    0:00:43 Go ask somebody who loves you.
    0:00:44 It’s safer to be vulnerable with me
    0:00:45 because I’m a stranger.
    0:00:46 It’s hard to be vulnerable
    0:00:48 with somebody who actually knows me.
    0:00:50 I don’t know the three most important words
    0:00:52 that a young entrepreneur can ever learn.
    0:00:53 It’s your story, it’s also my story.
    0:00:55 I thought I had to have every answer
    0:00:56 and if I didn’t, I thought I had to pretend that I did.
    0:00:58 Let me tell you, you are who you are
    0:00:59 and the rest of your life is simply an opportunity
    0:01:01 to live in balance with that wire.
    0:01:03 I’ll show you another way to find your wire.
    0:01:04 Which is, and this is.
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    0:02:06 Happy Father’s Day.
    0:02:08 So I’m absolutely addicted to rocking.
    0:02:10 That’s where you put this weighted backpack on.
    0:02:13 I’m doing four miles, probably five times a week.
    0:02:16 I actually saw a rattlesnake eat a lizard the other day.
    0:02:17 No joke, it was insane.
    0:02:19 Anyway, at the end of these workouts,
    0:02:22 as you can imagine, I’m just sweating an absolute a ton.
    0:02:26 It’s great cardio, but I need to replenish my electrolytes.
    0:02:28 But sadly, most of those replacement powders out there,
    0:02:31 they’re just packed with sugar that goes straight to your gut.
    0:02:34 Spikes are glucose, there’s nothing good about that.
    0:02:36 And that’s the reason why I use Element.
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    0:03:34 – Simon, thank you for joining me.
    0:03:35 – Thanks for having me.
    0:03:36 – So great to have you on.
    0:03:38 I’ve been a fan from afar.
    0:03:39 – Thank you.
    0:03:40 – Watching what you’ve done over the years
    0:03:42 and your content and preparation for this interview.
    0:03:44 I had to go and just check the numbers
    0:03:47 of how you’ve blown up over the years.
    0:03:51 I mean, it’s insane, so 56 million views or so
    0:03:53 on Start With Why.
    0:03:56 Did you have any idea it was gonna be that big?
    0:03:57 – I mean, of course not.
    0:03:59 It’s winning the internet lottery.
    0:04:00 I knew that the talk resonated
    0:04:02 because it wasn’t the first time I gave it.
    0:04:04 I’d been giving the long version of that talk
    0:04:05 for a few years.
    0:04:09 I knew the content was resonant with people.
    0:04:12 I knew it was a different way of seeing the world.
    0:04:13 But of course, I could never have known
    0:04:15 that it would do what it did.
    0:04:17 Combined with the fact that the audio quality
    0:04:19 is terrible and the video quality is terrible
    0:04:23 and it’s living proof that it slick comes second.
    0:04:24 – Yeah, I look back on that.
    0:04:25 It’s not even HD.
    0:04:26 – That’s terrible.
    0:04:29 – Yeah, my microphone breaks in the middle of my talk.
    0:04:30 – Yeah.
    0:04:32 There’s a handful of books that have really changed
    0:04:34 my thinking, especially around entrepreneurship
    0:04:36 and leadership, zero to one.
    0:04:38 There’s a handful of ones where I’m just like,
    0:04:41 oh wow, there was some great insight there that happened.
    0:04:43 Where did this come from?
    0:04:45 Where was that aha moment for you where you’re like,
    0:04:49 I see something that the rest of the world doesn’t see yet.
    0:04:54 – Like most of these ideas, they’re rarely an aha moment.
    0:04:56 It’s more like evolutionary steps.
    0:04:59 The realization after many steps and this was no different.
    0:05:01 I came from an advertising and marketing background
    0:05:03 and I was always curious why some marketing worked
    0:05:04 and some marketing didn’t.
    0:05:07 I wasn’t the creative teams ’cause I could have
    0:05:10 the same creative team make good stuff and bad stuff.
    0:05:11 And it wasn’t just the clients.
    0:05:13 I had clients that made good stuff and bad stuff.
    0:05:14 And so I looked at sort of the great marketing
    0:05:18 that I admired and I recognized that there was a pattern
    0:05:21 that it all started with why they did what they did.
    0:05:24 And I articulated the concept way back then
    0:05:25 just to explain why some marketing
    0:05:26 worked and some marketing didn’t.
    0:05:28 That’s all it was.
    0:05:29 And the original model was why, what, how.
    0:05:31 The definitions were the same as they are now,
    0:05:32 but it was why, what, how.
    0:05:33 And I used to use that.
    0:05:34 I started my own business and I used to use that
    0:05:36 as my sort of pitch, you know.
    0:05:38 And it wasn’t until much later I went to an event
    0:05:40 at this black tie affair and I was just sort of
    0:05:42 coincidentally seated next to somebody whose dad
    0:05:45 was a neuroscientist when we just started talking,
    0:05:46 making small talk.
    0:05:49 Yeah, and she was telling me about Neuroscience 101.
    0:05:50 And I was curious about it and came back
    0:05:52 and started like Googling like crazy.
    0:05:54 And I realized this little model that I had discovered
    0:05:56 and the neuroscience perfectly overlapped.
    0:05:58 I hadn’t discovered why marketing worked,
    0:06:00 I discovered why people do what they do.
    0:06:01 So I reached out to a famous neuroscientist
    0:06:03 named Peter Weibrow, who was the head
    0:06:05 of the Semmel Institute at UCLA,
    0:06:07 which is the largest neuroscience institute in the world.
    0:06:10 I don’t know how I got hold of him, but I did.
    0:06:12 And I basically said, I need you to look at this stuff.
    0:06:13 I’m gonna say this is related to neuroscience.
    0:06:14 I need this blessed.
    0:06:15 Yes.
    0:06:18 So I like went to his house for a weekend,
    0:06:20 just basically talk nonstop.
    0:06:24 And I came in on Sunday morning and he was like fidgety.
    0:06:25 And I’m like, what’s the matter?
    0:06:27 He goes, it doesn’t match the neuroscience.
    0:06:28 I’m like, well, what do you mean?
    0:06:31 He goes, you need to switch what and how.
    0:06:32 I’m like, done.
    0:06:33 Yeah.
    0:06:34 Maybe came why, how, what?
    0:06:35 Yeah.
    0:06:36 The definitions are always the same,
    0:06:38 but to match the neuroscience of how brain work,
    0:06:39 that’s what it was.
    0:06:41 And then I started to realize that this thing had power.
    0:06:45 At a later point, it saved me because I lost my passion
    0:06:48 for my own work and hit sort of a really dark period.
    0:06:50 And I realized that I knew what I did.
    0:06:52 I knew how I did it, but I didn’t know why.
    0:06:54 So these things all sort of collided.
    0:06:57 Personal depression plus my exploration here.
    0:06:58 And it all sort of came together.
    0:07:00 I have at least a half dozen friends right now
    0:07:03 that have landed in what they thought
    0:07:05 was gonna be their dream job.
    0:07:07 It typically happens via an acquisition.
    0:07:08 It’s a tech entrepreneur.
    0:07:09 They get acquired by a big company.
    0:07:11 They’re now inside the belly of the beast
    0:07:12 of something large.
    0:07:14 And they have a couple of sayings.
    0:07:15 It’s like vest in peace.
    0:07:17 Or it’s just like, you’re just vesting
    0:07:19 and kind of showing up and quiet quitting, right?
    0:07:20 Which I’m sure you’ve heard about.
    0:07:22 What’s going wrong there?
    0:07:23 What’s happening?
    0:07:25 Why are they feeling this way?
    0:07:28 You’re asking something that’s,
    0:07:30 something that happens two or three steps prior.
    0:07:31 Okay.
    0:07:36 The number of young, idealistic entrepreneurs
    0:07:40 who start businesses and ethics matter to them
    0:07:42 and treating their people right matters to them
    0:07:43 and culture matters and all the things
    0:07:45 that I write and talk about matters to them.
    0:07:49 And they build these beautiful businesses
    0:07:52 and then they sell them to the highest bidder,
    0:07:54 not to the company that believes in their values
    0:07:57 and has to maintain the culture, the highest bidder.
    0:07:58 Right.
    0:08:01 And the company goes to shit.
    0:08:04 They change the ingredients of the product
    0:08:06 because they go for something cheaper, et cetera, et cetera,
    0:08:08 et cetera, you go down the line.
    0:08:11 And they can rationalize it because they cashed out big.
    0:08:13 They can rationalize that, no, we did it right.
    0:08:14 And they didn’t.
    0:08:15 That’s, be honest, they didn’t.
    0:08:17 Why not take a little less money and sell it
    0:08:19 to the right company who believes in the values
    0:08:21 rather than just sell it to the highest bidder?
    0:08:23 And so if they’re stuck in a place
    0:08:25 where they don’t wanna be there,
    0:08:27 well, that was their choice.
    0:08:29 Like they chose that partnership.
    0:08:32 That’s like marrying somebody just ’cause they’re pretty.
    0:08:32 Yeah.
    0:08:33 Right?
    0:08:34 And then complaining that my marriage isn’t working
    0:08:35 and we don’t get along.
    0:08:39 I’m like, yeah, I don’t know how many marriage advice for you.
    0:08:43 It’s hard though too ’cause you have stakeholders, right?
    0:08:44 Well, that is another thing.
    0:08:46 It’s the same trauma, which is, you know,
    0:08:49 so many entrepreneurs who are looking for capital,
    0:08:51 they take the biggest capital
    0:08:53 from the most famous venture capitalist,
    0:08:56 not less capital from the right venture capitalist.
    0:08:57 That’s right.
    0:08:59 So they chose their own partners
    0:09:01 and then they’re surprised whether partners
    0:09:02 are applying massive amounts of pressure on them
    0:09:04 to make decisions that they don’t wanna make.
    0:09:05 Yeah.
    0:09:07 I don’t have a lot of sympathy, you know?
    0:09:08 And we have reached the point now
    0:09:10 where, and I can’t remember the statistic,
    0:09:10 it’s overwhelming.
    0:09:13 It’s something like 80% of companies are, you know,
    0:09:15 venture capital or private equity backed.
    0:09:18 And so we used to mock the public markets
    0:09:20 that the pressure exerted by Wall Street
    0:09:22 would force CEOs to make decisions
    0:09:24 they knew were bad for their companies.
    0:09:25 And we’re now at a point where private companies
    0:09:27 are basically functioning like public companies
    0:09:29 where the external pressures are so great.
    0:09:30 That’s right.
    0:09:32 That the number of young, brilliant,
    0:09:35 fantastic, talented CEOs getting fired from their own companies.
    0:09:37 I have a friend who just got fired from her own company
    0:09:39 because she didn’t have control of it.
    0:09:40 Yeah.
    0:09:41 And she couldn’t make decisions.
    0:09:42 They fired her because she was trying
    0:09:45 to do the quote unquote right thing and follow the vision.
    0:09:47 And they wanted to do the thing that made it prettier
    0:09:49 to sell in a short period.
    0:09:51 There’s an element of like, you made your bed.
    0:09:55 And so there’s even a degree of,
    0:09:57 look, I’m not in their position,
    0:09:59 but there’s even a degree of irresponsibility.
    0:10:00 Yeah.
    0:10:02 There’s no choice to take the deal.
    0:10:04 And now you’re dissatisfied with the deal.
    0:10:06 You have sort of sellers remorse.
    0:10:09 And so you’re going to quiet quit because you’re pissed off.
    0:10:11 I’m like, they didn’t do anything wrong.
    0:10:12 Right.
    0:10:13 You took the deal.
    0:10:15 I think there’s some soul searching to be done
    0:10:17 in business writ large,
    0:10:19 which is who we take money from and who we sell to.
    0:10:19 Yeah.
    0:10:20 Because I think a lot of good companies
    0:10:23 actually don’t survive the founders
    0:10:24 because of who we sell them to.
    0:10:26 I can almost count it like clockwork
    0:10:28 because I’ve seen so many of these deals
    0:10:29 and I know what it is.
    0:10:30 It’s a three year vest.
    0:10:31 When you sell the company,
    0:10:34 they put golden handcuffs on you for three years
    0:10:36 and you can almost just mark the date.
    0:10:37 And then you see a founder being like,
    0:10:39 I’m leaving and it’s of course
    0:10:41 right at the three year anniversary, right?
    0:10:42 And they’re out.
    0:10:43 And then if they were holding it together
    0:10:45 with any duct tape or whatever else,
    0:10:47 like everything seems to fall apart from there.
    0:10:48 Unfortunately.
    0:10:49 Good partnerships.
    0:10:50 You love the partner.
    0:10:52 You love the buyer.
    0:10:54 And they’re offering you some sort of ability
    0:10:56 to expand your vision.
    0:10:57 You couldn’t do yourself,
    0:10:58 which is why you took the deal.
    0:10:59 That’s right.
    0:11:01 Fundamentally, you come to an arrangement
    0:11:02 where even though you have a boss now
    0:11:04 and you didn’t have one before,
    0:11:05 that there’s a degree of independence you have
    0:11:08 to build this brand, which is what they want as well.
    0:11:12 And though it won’t be perfect, no relationship is,
    0:11:15 you fundamentally still love coming to work
    0:11:16 because you feel like you’re still advancing
    0:11:18 the greater good in building this business.
    0:11:19 Right.
    0:11:21 So those are the partnerships we should be pursuing.
    0:11:22 Yes.
    0:11:23 Yeah, that makes a ton of sense.
    0:11:25 It’s almost like feel for the fire at that point.
    0:11:26 Like you’re joining forces with someone
    0:11:29 to help you expand and grow a lot faster.
    0:11:31 What about individuals that are,
    0:11:34 I see as individual contributors to an organization
    0:11:36 and I see some of these resumes
    0:11:38 when I’m looking to hire, say an engineer,
    0:11:39 and you see bouncing around.
    0:11:40 You see bouncing around
    0:11:43 between different employment opportunities.
    0:11:45 What advice do you give them
    0:11:46 and how do you help coach someone
    0:11:49 through finding their why?
    0:11:51 Well, there’s a couple of different questions there.
    0:11:53 You and I, when we were younger,
    0:11:55 even if we hated our job,
    0:11:58 we would never dream of quitting in less than one year.
    0:11:58 Oh, 100%.
    0:11:59 We couldn’t.
    0:12:00 It would look so bad.
    0:12:01 And we all knew that if you did that,
    0:12:03 it would destroy your resume.
    0:12:03 Yes.
    0:12:05 It would create a bad narrative
    0:12:07 about what kind of employee you were.
    0:12:09 And I mean, it would have to be pretty toxic
    0:12:11 for you to leave it under a year, right?
    0:12:14 And so we held our nose and we made it to a year.
    0:12:16 And this predominantly younger generation,
    0:12:17 though it’s not exclusive,
    0:12:19 but predominantly younger generation
    0:12:21 is very comfortable quitting quickly
    0:12:24 and sometimes for not good reasons.
    0:12:25 And I’ve seen it happen,
    0:12:27 which is the young people who are so confrontation avoidant,
    0:12:29 they’d rather quit than go through the discomfort
    0:12:31 of asking for a raise, for example.
    0:12:33 For every action, there’s an equal opposite reaction.
    0:12:34 There’s a finite mindedness to it,
    0:12:37 which is how do I solve the immediate problem in front of me
    0:12:40 without considering the long-term impact of that decision?
    0:12:42 I’m not for or against the decisions.
    0:12:44 I’m saying consider the long-term impacts.
    0:12:45 And I’ve been public about this,
    0:12:47 and I’ve been criticized for it by young people,
    0:12:51 which is flash forward five or six years
    0:12:54 and you’ve had seven jobs, right?
    0:12:55 And whether you’re bouncing
    0:12:57 because you think they’re all toxic
    0:12:58 or whether you’re bouncing
    0:13:00 because you’re just dialing for dollars, whatever it is.
    0:13:02 In five or six years,
    0:13:03 the new employer is looking at you
    0:13:04 and you’re a certain age now,
    0:13:07 which means I expect a certain level of maturity
    0:13:08 and accomplishment.
    0:13:09 – Yes.
    0:13:11 – You haven’t had it
    0:13:12 because you haven’t gone through the shit.
    0:13:13 – Right.
    0:13:14 – You keep jumping shit.
    0:13:16 So I don’t even know that you’re qualified
    0:13:18 for the senior position you’re applying for
    0:13:19 that somebody else with seven years experience
    0:13:21 could apply for, number one.
    0:13:24 And number two, if I’m given two resumes,
    0:13:27 one with somebody who’s bouncing around
    0:13:30 and one who’s had two jobs over seven years,
    0:13:31 I’ll take the one with two
    0:13:33 because I’m not gonna trust
    0:13:35 that this person’s gonna stick around
    0:13:37 after I’ve trained them up and got them all in.
    0:13:38 We have a few years
    0:13:39 before we start seeing the repercussions,
    0:13:41 but the repercussions are coming.
    0:13:43 And again, I’m not saying don’t quit.
    0:13:47 I’m saying just be cognizant
    0:13:49 that there are implications
    0:13:52 and maybe be a little slower.
    0:13:53 – Do you think the problem there
    0:13:55 is that they’re picking the wrong profession
    0:13:58 and wrong job from the get-go
    0:14:00 or they don’t have the grit to stick it out
    0:14:02 during the hard times?
    0:14:04 You mentioned this confrontation avoidant.
    0:14:05 Is it because they are like,
    0:14:07 this makes me uncomfortable.
    0:14:08 I can’t handle it.
    0:14:09 I’m out.
    0:14:11 Or did I just pick wrong right away?
    0:14:12 I know we’re generalizing, but–
    0:14:13 – I mean, who knows?
    0:14:16 But this idea of dream jobs is a funny thing, right?
    0:14:17 – Yeah.
    0:14:19 – Ain’t no such thing, number one.
    0:14:20 Every job is imperfect,
    0:14:22 like every relationship is imperfect.
    0:14:24 And we live in a world that idealizes
    0:14:26 both relationships and jobs.
    0:14:29 And so when my relationship isn’t perfect
    0:14:31 and my partner doesn’t do all the perfect things
    0:14:33 and then I ban in that relationship
    0:14:34 and I’m doing the same thing,
    0:14:36 this job isn’t perfect and I have stress
    0:14:38 and they want me to work late on a Thursday,
    0:14:40 there’s a problem with pursuing the dream job
    0:14:43 because it doesn’t exist.
    0:14:45 Now, that’s not to say we should suffer either.
    0:14:47 I believe you should have joy at work.
    0:14:49 I believe you should be fulfilled by work.
    0:14:50 I believe that you should be inspired
    0:14:51 by the company you work for,
    0:14:53 but you don’t have to like every day.
    0:14:54 You can love your children,
    0:14:56 you don’t have to like them every day.
    0:14:56 You can love your job,
    0:14:58 you don’t have to like it every day.
    0:14:59 I think we confuse the two,
    0:15:01 that there are days that I don’t like my job
    0:15:02 and that’s the reason to quit.
    0:15:05 But fundamentally, are you working in a place
    0:15:06 where you feel seen, heard and understood?
    0:15:07 Are you working in a place
    0:15:09 that you feel like you’re growing as a human being,
    0:15:11 that you actually are a better version of yourself
    0:15:13 because you work here?
    0:15:15 Are they pushing you and challenging you
    0:15:17 to take on more responsibility
    0:15:19 than maybe you even think you’re capable of?
    0:15:21 And that’s uncomfortable.
    0:15:24 And if you go back to Steve Jobs, for example,
    0:15:25 and I know we herald him,
    0:15:27 but he was pretty remarkable, right?
    0:15:29 One of the things that Jobs did
    0:15:31 is it was uncomfortable working at Apple.
    0:15:35 And it wasn’t uncomfortable because he was mean,
    0:15:38 although he wasn’t the nicest person in the world,
    0:15:40 it’s because he saw potential in people
    0:15:42 that they didn’t necessarily see in themselves.
    0:15:44 And he pushed and pushed and pushed people.
    0:15:47 And people who didn’t like being pushed, they quit.
    0:15:49 But the people who were okay being pushed,
    0:15:53 they all said I achieved more at this company
    0:15:56 than I ever would have imagined.
    0:15:59 Johnny Ive, this sort of middling designer,
    0:16:00 Jobs sees something in him
    0:16:03 that maybe he does or doesn’t even see in himself.
    0:16:05 And he gets pushed and pushed and pushed and pushed.
    0:16:07 He becomes one of the greatest designers
    0:16:08 in modern history.
    0:16:10 – I had a really long conversation with Tony Fidel
    0:16:12 about this, working with Jobs.
    0:16:15 And the growth comes from the discomfort.
    0:16:17 – The growth comes from the discomfort.
    0:16:19 I mean, look, there’s so many metaphors and analogies,
    0:16:21 I love the one about the lobster.
    0:16:22 – I haven’t heard the lobster one.
    0:16:26 – So lobsters, the soft mass inside the shell
    0:16:28 is what grows, that’s the origin.
    0:16:30 The shell itself doesn’t grow.
    0:16:35 It’s this hard thing that excretes out and hardens.
    0:16:37 And as the lobster grows,
    0:16:40 it starts to get very uncomfortable in its own shell
    0:16:41 ’cause it’s now bigger.
    0:16:43 It’s like wearing clothes that are too small.
    0:16:45 And only when it gets to that point,
    0:16:48 does it then shed the shell and build a new one.
    0:16:51 In other words, you can’t grow without being uncomfortable.
    0:16:52 – Right, right.
    0:16:52 Yeah, that’s so good.
    0:16:53 – And that’s true.
    0:16:55 I like to equate everything to personal relationships
    0:16:58 because corporate relationships are relationships, right?
    0:16:59 – Yeah.
    0:17:03 – Which is every fight or uncomfortable situation
    0:17:04 I ever had with my girlfriend.
    0:17:06 Though I did not enjoy it,
    0:17:07 though I wish we’d never had it.
    0:17:09 Though sometimes I was to blame,
    0:17:10 sometimes she was to blame,
    0:17:13 more often than not, we were both to blame.
    0:17:14 And when I say that just a quick aside,
    0:17:16 usually in an argument,
    0:17:17 we start accusing each other of who started it.
    0:17:18 – Right.
    0:17:19 – The reality is, yes,
    0:17:20 absolutely somebody always started it
    0:17:22 and the other person almost always poured gasoline.
    0:17:23 – Yes.
    0:17:25 – So you both have a culpability,
    0:17:26 it doesn’t matter what started it,
    0:17:27 you both made it worse.
    0:17:28 – Right.
    0:17:31 – Invariably, every uncomfortable conversation
    0:17:33 or fight that we ever had,
    0:17:35 though I hated every moment of it and so did she,
    0:17:37 we ended up stronger and closer because of it.
    0:17:38 – Yeah.
    0:17:40 – Because there were lessons that were learned,
    0:17:44 there were triggers that were realized,
    0:17:47 there was language that was dissected.
    0:17:50 And what we did was learn to fight,
    0:17:52 not against each other, but against the problem.
    0:17:53 – Mm-hmm.
    0:17:57 – And I think it’s the same at work, right?
    0:18:00 Which is when there’s pressure exerted,
    0:18:02 is it me versus management?
    0:18:04 Or is it management and me
    0:18:05 versus whatever we’re trying to accomplish?
    0:18:06 – Right.
    0:18:08 – And good leaders know that
    0:18:10 and good team members know that.
    0:18:11 – Mm-hmm.
    0:18:13 – It’s when it becomes adversarial,
    0:18:14 us versus them.
    0:18:15 – Yeah.
    0:18:16 – And by the way, I blame leadership
    0:18:18 as much as I blame employees.
    0:18:21 Team members will go out for drinks and vent about work,
    0:18:23 which I’m, by the way, totally healthy.
    0:18:24 – Yeah.
    0:18:24 – And I’m talking with that.
    0:18:25 But sometimes narratives,
    0:18:28 and especially in virtual and distributed workforces
    0:18:30 where everybody’s wherever they are,
    0:18:32 the rumor mills can spin out of control a lot quicker.
    0:18:33 – Yes.
    0:18:36 – And we blame management for what they did to us
    0:18:37 or whatever.
    0:18:39 But it happens at leadership as well.
    0:18:41 The number of times I’ve sat in leadership groups,
    0:18:42 including my own.
    0:18:43 – Mm-hmm.
    0:18:46 – Where we label someone dumb or lazy.
    0:18:47 – Mm-hmm.
    0:18:50 – Or inconsiderate or one foot out the door.
    0:18:52 And we make jokes about,
    0:18:55 ugh, here we go again.
    0:18:57 We’re entitled or just go down the list.
    0:18:58 And we label them.
    0:18:59 We create a narrative about them.
    0:19:00 And now we treat them that way.
    0:19:01 – Mm-hmm.
    0:19:03 – And though they may not know our narrative,
    0:19:05 they know that they’re being treated a certain way.
    0:19:06 – Mm-hmm.
    0:19:09 – And so one of the things that is imperative
    0:19:10 in any leadership team,
    0:19:13 which is when one person finds themselves venting
    0:19:15 about somebody where it’s creating a narrative
    0:19:16 about another human being,
    0:19:18 it’s imperative that somebody else on the leadership team
    0:19:20 interrupt that narrative.
    0:19:20 – Mm-hmm.
    0:19:22 – And say, they could be lazy.
    0:19:24 True, that’s definitely a possibility.
    0:19:26 Or they’re overwhelmed.
    0:19:27 – Right.
    0:19:28 – Or we haven’t given them good instruction.
    0:19:29 Or they’re struggling at home.
    0:19:30 – Yeah, I was gonna say,
    0:19:33 they’re going through something that we don’t know about.
    0:19:34 There’s a list of things.
    0:19:36 And so we treat them with empathy
    0:19:37 and maybe check in on them.
    0:19:38 I expect leadership to go first
    0:19:40 ’cause they should know better.
    0:19:41 But whether it’s in a group of team members
    0:19:45 about each other, more about management,
    0:19:46 management about team members.
    0:19:48 And again, I hold the leaders to a higher level
    0:19:50 of accountability and if they act appropriately,
    0:19:51 the team will act appropriately.
    0:19:53 But we have to interrupt each other
    0:19:54 with these kinds of narrative.
    0:19:57 Discomfort is one of those things where
    0:20:02 it’s good to be transparent about discomfort.
    0:20:04 And it starts, again, leaders set the tone.
    0:20:06 – Because it’s disarming.
    0:20:07 – When you lie, hide and fake.
    0:20:09 When you pretend that you got it all figured out.
    0:20:11 People will think you got it all figured out.
    0:20:15 And so they will pile on more and push you more
    0:20:17 and give you more and expect more
    0:20:20 because you said everything’s good.
    0:20:22 And that’s when it becomes overwhelming
    0:20:24 and that’s when you start blaming management
    0:20:26 for mistreating you.
    0:20:28 But hold on, right?
    0:20:29 Whereas I’m a great believer
    0:20:31 in just being totally transparent about discomfort.
    0:20:33 And sometimes it’s real
    0:20:34 and sometimes it’s perceived, for example.
    0:20:35 And I had it happen recently.
    0:20:38 One of my team members, she’s wonderful,
    0:20:40 we’re a distributed workforce
    0:20:41 so we don’t get a lot of face time, right?
    0:20:43 So she’s never had a lot of one-on-one time with me.
    0:20:45 You know, I see her corporate off-sites and stuff like that
    0:20:46 and I see her on Zoom all the time.
    0:20:48 But she’s never had one-on-one time with me.
    0:20:50 And so we brought her out to LA
    0:20:52 to have a one-day hackathon with me.
    0:20:58 She’s young, she’s in her early mid-20s junior employee.
    0:21:02 And she came clean.
    0:21:04 She said, “I just need to tell you,
    0:21:06 “I was really nervous about today.
    0:21:08 “I don’t get us a lot of face time with you
    0:21:09 “and I want to make sure I do right.”
    0:21:13 And I got really prepared, but I’m really nervous.
    0:21:16 And giving me that information was magical
    0:21:19 because if she had come in all like ego and everything,
    0:21:21 I would have ripped her writing apart
    0:21:24 a lot more aggressively because she’s good.
    0:21:26 But now I could just be like a little softer
    0:21:28 or it’s a, “You’re doing great.
    0:21:29 “I can just reinforce.”
    0:21:32 ‘Cause I know she’s feeling a little intimidated or fragile.
    0:21:36 So saying, “I’m really excited about this project.
    0:21:37 “I’m really excited about this new responsibility.
    0:21:39 “If you’ve given me, I’m a little uncomfortable
    0:21:41 “because I’ve never had this amount of responsibility.
    0:21:42 “I really don’t want to screw it up
    0:21:43 “and I want to do right by you
    0:21:44 “and I do want to do right by me.”
    0:21:46 And I don’t want to fail.
    0:21:50 And simply just saying that means that a good leader
    0:21:54 will be like, “Got it, I’m here, you’re good.”
    0:21:56 And you feel supported in that discomfort.
    0:21:58 – Yes, right?
    0:22:00 – Uncomfortable isn’t the problem.
    0:22:01 It’s feeling alone and uncomfortable.
    0:22:02 It’s the problem.
    0:22:06 – All right, if you watch this show
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    0:24:24 – A good leader can see the signs.
    0:24:26 Virtual makes it much more difficult.
    0:24:27 Yeah, working in a distributed workforce
    0:24:31 makes it much easier to hide, lie and fake.
    0:24:34 Body language doesn’t come across as easily.
    0:24:36 Somebody’s a little bit fidgety, you can’t really see.
    0:24:38 Doesn’t really show up on a Zoom call.
    0:24:39 But I think discomfort is one of those things
    0:24:41 that to learn to be uncomfortable
    0:24:43 is probably the single greatest asset you could ever,
    0:24:46 you know this, ’cause nobody’s ever achieved anything
    0:24:50 in the world did it smoothly.
    0:24:54 We all came close to zero if not hitting zero first,
    0:24:55 all of us.
    0:24:58 And Lionel Richie talks about this.
    0:25:01 When he was younger, he had crippling,
    0:25:03 debilitating stage fright.
    0:25:04 Lionel Richie.
    0:25:05 – Yeah.
    0:25:08 – And he says there’s two types of people in this world.
    0:25:11 Nobody has the absence of fear.
    0:25:13 The two types of people in the world
    0:25:15 are those who have fear and they take a step back
    0:25:16 and there are those who have fear
    0:25:18 and take the step forward.
    0:25:19 And I always took the step forward.
    0:25:20 – Yeah.
    0:25:22 – Courage isn’t the absence of fear.
    0:25:25 It’s being afraid and leaning into it.
    0:25:28 And so to be uncomfortable and step forward
    0:25:30 is perhaps the single greatest thing you can ever learn.
    0:25:31 And what you discover is you’re surrounded
    0:25:32 by people who wanna help you.
    0:25:33 – Yes.
    0:25:34 – 100%.
    0:25:36 – Which is the most amazing thing to discover.
    0:25:37 – This is one of my biggest mistakes.
    0:25:39 You know, when I was in my early 20s
    0:25:40 and I had my first startup,
    0:25:43 I was pleasantly surprised in that it was my first go,
    0:25:46 it was dig and it was the first social news app
    0:25:49 and it exploded to tens of millions of users in six months.
    0:25:50 – Yeah.
    0:25:52 – And I was afraid. – That’s uncomfortable.
    0:25:53 – Oh my God.
    0:25:56 Well, here I am, college dropout, moved to the valley.
    0:25:59 I was so intimidated by everyone around me,
    0:26:01 the VCs I was getting introduced to, everyone else.
    0:26:04 And I was scared to raise my hand
    0:26:07 and say, “I don’t know the answer to this.”
    0:26:10 Because everyone was looking to me as like someone
    0:26:12 that had created something new and exciting.
    0:26:14 And it wasn’t until actually two years into the company
    0:26:16 where it was really strange.
    0:26:17 It was a very small period of time
    0:26:19 where dig was bigger, traffic-wise than Facebook.
    0:26:22 And so Mark came to my office, Zuckerberg.
    0:26:25 And he just asked a thousand questions.
    0:26:28 And he was really probing me on so many different things
    0:26:32 and admitting so many things that he just didn’t know.
    0:26:35 And I was like, “Wow, I need to be more like this.”
    0:26:36 – Exactly.
    0:26:40 – Because here I am operating in this silo,
    0:26:43 afraid, ashamed, and it’s not doing me any good.
    0:26:46 I’m actually doing more harm to my business.
    0:26:48 And once you have that unlock
    0:26:51 and you realize it’s a massive strength
    0:26:53 to have vulnerability and to raise your hand
    0:26:55 and say, “I don’t know the answer to this.”
    0:26:56 It’s a huge, huge unlock.
    0:26:59 – I don’t know is the three most important words
    0:27:01 any young entrepreneur can ever wear.
    0:27:03 It’s your story, it’s also my story.
    0:27:07 I had a small business and I was chief cook and bottle washer.
    0:27:08 And I started having employees
    0:27:09 and I had to be in every meeting
    0:27:10 and I had to make every decision.
    0:27:12 I thought I had to have every answer.
    0:27:15 And if I didn’t, I thought I had to pretend that I did.
    0:27:17 And A, the business doesn’t do well with that model.
    0:27:20 But B, it’s crippling, like depression set in.
    0:27:21 – Oh, 100%.
    0:27:24 – Because you feel so alone in the hiding.
    0:27:26 And it wasn’t until I learned to say,
    0:27:28 “I don’t know or can you help me?”
    0:27:30 Or learn to accept help when it’s offered.
    0:27:33 The amount of help we’re offered on a daily basis
    0:27:38 if you just counted it’s tons to say, “I’ll take that.”
    0:27:39 And it is humiliating by the way.
    0:27:41 Like I have some very successful friends
    0:27:42 and they asked me what I’m going through
    0:27:45 and I’ll talk about the stuff that I’m stuck with
    0:27:46 or don’t know.
    0:27:47 And these are very successful people
    0:27:49 that I want to look good in front of.
    0:27:52 The amazing thing is by being open to them,
    0:27:54 the amount that they are there for me,
    0:27:56 like that day of humiliation
    0:27:58 was the greatest investment I ever made.
    0:28:00 And I think that’s what you need to think of it is.
    0:28:01 Like it’s an investment which is,
    0:28:03 when you make an investment, you pay money, it hurts.
    0:28:04 You take it out of your bank account,
    0:28:06 it was a high number and it was a low number.
    0:28:08 And you’re like, “Oh, this works.”
    0:28:09 It’s an investment.
    0:28:10 And sometimes it pays off.
    0:28:12 I can’t say that it pays off all the time.
    0:28:13 Sometimes it’s just humiliated.
    0:28:14 – Yeah, right.
    0:28:14 But that’s okay.
    0:28:15 – And that’s okay.
    0:28:17 – What was your personal story?
    0:28:18 What was that moment you mentioned
    0:28:20 where you didn’t want to go to work anymore?
    0:28:22 And then how did you dig yourself out of that?
    0:28:25 – Not ironically, I didn’t do it alone.
    0:28:26 I reached a point where
    0:28:28 I didn’t have the skillset to build the business.
    0:28:30 I’d reached a certain level of growth
    0:28:32 that I could achieve by myself
    0:28:35 and needing to let go and not be in every meeting
    0:28:36 and not make every decision.
    0:28:37 That’s a critical point
    0:28:39 because you literally can’t grow beyond a certain point
    0:28:43 of if only one person can make all the major decisions.
    0:28:44 I couldn’t let go.
    0:28:48 And so I couldn’t grow, which means frustration.
    0:28:51 Did not build systems, did not ask for help.
    0:28:52 Ego was out of check.
    0:28:54 And I don’t mean like, I thought I was everything.
    0:28:57 I mean, I was pretending that I was everything.
    0:28:59 And depression set in.
    0:29:00 Didn’t want to wake up.
    0:29:04 Didn’t find the joy in business ownership anymore.
    0:29:06 And was really good at lying, hiding, faking.
    0:29:08 I could pretend that I was happier, more in control
    0:29:10 and more successful than I felt.
    0:29:11 And by the way, so good that nobody could tell.
    0:29:14 I mean, I was phenomenal.
    0:29:18 And one friend could see through the armor.
    0:29:23 One friend came to me and said something’s not right.
    0:29:26 I don’t know what it is, but something feels off.
    0:29:27 And for whatever reason,
    0:29:32 probably ’cause she is really good at making a safe space.
    0:29:33 I started to open up.
    0:29:37 And she didn’t try and fix anything.
    0:29:39 She didn’t have suggestions.
    0:29:44 She simply let me be vulnerable.
    0:29:46 And it’s not the act of being vulnerable per se.
    0:29:50 It’s the act of not feeling alone in that vulnerability.
    0:29:53 And that she could hold space for me so effectively.
    0:29:55 I now had the courage to take all that energy
    0:29:57 that I was using to lie, hide, and fake.
    0:29:59 And I could take that energy to find a solution
    0:30:01 to my malaise.
    0:30:02 And the solution that I found was sitting right in front
    0:30:03 of me the whole time, which is this thing
    0:30:05 that I called the golden circle.
    0:30:06 And that’s when I made the realization
    0:30:07 that I knew what I did.
    0:30:09 I knew how I did it, but I didn’t know why.
    0:30:12 And that was the reason that I was stuck.
    0:30:15 ‘Cause I had no sense of purpose, cause, or belief.
    0:30:18 And I became obsessed with understanding my why.
    0:30:20 I learned my why, but more important,
    0:30:22 I learned how to help others find theirs.
    0:30:24 And I helped my friends find their ways.
    0:30:26 Just because I wanted, it’s like you see a great movie.
    0:30:27 You tell your friends to go see it.
    0:30:28 No other reason, right?
    0:30:30 There’s excitement.
    0:30:31 And my friends, they quit their jobs
    0:30:32 and started their own businesses,
    0:30:36 or they found renewed joy in the jobs that they had.
    0:30:40 To the same levels that I was experiencing, way higher.
    0:30:42 And they asked me to talk to their friends.
    0:30:44 And I would go to someone’s apartment in New York City
    0:30:44 and stand in the living room
    0:30:46 and talk about this thing called the why
    0:30:48 and help people find their why for $100 on the side.
    0:30:51 And my career took a weird turn completely by accident.
    0:30:52 It was all organic.
    0:30:54 But the point to the question was,
    0:30:56 it was one person who held space.
    0:30:59 We forget that we are social animals
    0:31:03 and our very ability to survive
    0:31:05 requires the help of other people.
    0:31:06 If you fall asleep, you need someone
    0:31:09 to watch for wild animals.
    0:31:10 We just know good by ourselves.
    0:31:12 We can’t solve complex problems by ourselves.
    0:31:13 But in groups who are remarkable,
    0:31:15 human beings hunted woolly mammoths.
    0:31:16 – Yeah.
    0:31:19 – No other animal could take down a woolly mammoth.
    0:31:22 But we frail, weak human beings could.
    0:31:26 Because the asset that we have that is our superpower
    0:31:28 is our ability to cooperate.
    0:31:30 And if you know that and you remember that,
    0:31:32 that no human being can survive or thrive alone,
    0:31:34 that we are fundamentally social animals,
    0:31:35 you have to learn to ask for help
    0:31:38 and you have to learn to offer it.
    0:31:39 And that’s what I did.
    0:31:40 That’s where I learned that lesson.
    0:31:42 – One of the things that you said that struck me
    0:31:44 is, and this is the mistake I make with my wife a lot,
    0:31:45 I’ll admit it publicly,
    0:31:47 is that I go into problem solving mode.
    0:31:50 She’s got an issue and rather than just sit there
    0:31:52 and hold space and have some empathy
    0:31:54 for what she’s going through
    0:31:57 and how something lands on her.
    0:31:58 I’m like, let’s fix this.
    0:32:00 And I’m like throwing out solutions and all this.
    0:32:03 And then that’s not always the best.
    0:32:05 – Men are particularly bad at it.
    0:32:07 Men are usually in solution, not exclusively,
    0:32:09 but tends to skew that way.
    0:32:10 – That’s correct.
    0:32:11 That is not a good idea.
    0:32:13 And there’s a great video on YouTube
    0:32:14 called It’s Not About the Nail.
    0:32:15 Everybody can go look it up.
    0:32:17 It’s one that has a bazillion views.
    0:32:18 It’s many years old,
    0:32:20 but it basically sums it up absolutely perfectly.
    0:32:22 And by the way, you’re the same.
    0:32:24 When you have a problem and somebody says,
    0:32:25 well, why don’t you do this?
    0:32:27 You end up being defensive and fighting with them
    0:32:28 because you don’t actually want them to solve the problem.
    0:32:31 You just want to feel safe in your stuckness.
    0:32:32 And when somebody comes to you and says,
    0:32:35 I’m struggling, just go tell me more.
    0:32:35 What else?
    0:32:37 By the way, you know how to do this
    0:32:40 because you read all the books to do it with your children.
    0:32:42 And when they say, daddy, I’m afraid.
    0:32:43 That’s okay, you can be afraid.
    0:32:45 But daddy this and you’re like, that’s okay.
    0:32:47 You don’t try and fix their fear.
    0:32:48 You hold space for their fear.
    0:32:49 When they’re nervous,
    0:32:50 you don’t try and fix their nervousness.
    0:32:52 You don’t have to be nervous.
    0:32:53 Don’t be nervous.
    0:32:54 We’ve learned that that’s a terrible thing to do
    0:32:55 with children.
    0:32:57 You go, oh, I know it’s scary.
    0:32:59 You affirm the feelings.
    0:33:01 Well, why did you stop doing that
    0:33:03 just because somebody is an adult?
    0:33:04 Like you still have to affirm their feelings.
    0:33:05 – It’s a great point.
    0:33:06 – Honey, I’m nervous.
    0:33:07 Honey, I’m scared.
    0:33:08 Honey, I’m confused.
    0:33:09 Honey, I’m angry.
    0:33:10 – Yeah.
    0:33:12 My girlfriend and I were,
    0:33:13 she said something about something
    0:33:16 and I had done something that upset her.
    0:33:19 And I basically was like, well, that’s ridiculous.
    0:33:20 And clearly I didn’t mean to.
    0:33:21 How can you say that I did that?
    0:33:23 Of course I didn’t do that on purpose.
    0:33:24 – Right.
    0:33:25 – You know, I’m full on defense mode.
    0:33:28 I’m in full on like, it’s not really gaslighting,
    0:33:29 but it’s a form of gaslighting,
    0:33:30 which is like, I’m saying,
    0:33:33 you can’t feel that way about that, right?
    0:33:38 And after many rounds, I finally said,
    0:33:41 if I were in your shoes, I would have felt the same.
    0:33:43 And she said, thank you.
    0:33:45 And the funny thing is what preceded that was,
    0:33:46 I just need you to see it.
    0:33:47 What if you were me?
    0:33:49 Like she literally gave me the instruction.
    0:33:50 – Right.
    0:33:51 – I’m like, well, if I were in your shoes,
    0:33:52 yeah, I probably would have felt the same
    0:33:53 where you’re feeling now.
    0:33:54 – Right.
    0:33:55 – That was it.
    0:33:55 – No, you’re right.
    0:33:56 – Argument over.
    0:33:57 – I’ve been there.
    0:33:58 I’ve been in this exact conversation.
    0:33:59 – Argument over.
    0:34:00 – Yeah, 100%.
    0:34:02 I’ve had it happen where I’m in a bad place
    0:34:03 and I call a friend and told him basically like,
    0:34:04 hey, I’m not feeling good.
    0:34:06 And they start fixing and I get off the phone.
    0:34:07 – Yeah.
    0:34:08 – ‘Cause they make it worse.
    0:34:10 – So true.
    0:34:12 – I talk about this a lot, which is the idea
    0:34:15 of sitting in mud, which is when we or our people
    0:34:18 we love are in a bad place, they’re sitting in mud.
    0:34:20 And our instincts, well intention,
    0:34:21 is to pull them out of the mud, right?
    0:34:22 To fix it.
    0:34:24 Well, oh my God, that looks horrible.
    0:34:25 Nobody wants to be in mud.
    0:34:26 Let me pull you out of the mud.
    0:34:27 And they don’t want to be pulled out of the mud.
    0:34:28 – Right.
    0:34:30 – But they don’t want you standing on the sidelines.
    0:34:32 What they want, what loving friendship,
    0:34:33 what loving relationship means is,
    0:34:36 I’m gonna come and sit in the mud with you.
    0:34:37 – Yeah.
    0:34:37 – I don’t want to sit in the mud with you.
    0:34:39 It’s no fun being in the mud with you,
    0:34:41 but I’m gonna get in the mud with you.
    0:34:44 – Well, that act alone will allow them to dig themselves
    0:34:45 or climb their way out of the mud.
    0:34:47 – Or, turn to you and say,
    0:34:48 I think I’m ready to get out of the mud.
    0:34:49 – Yeah.
    0:34:50 – And then you can go into solution mode.
    0:34:52 If a friend is depressed,
    0:34:54 they just don’t want to get out of bed.
    0:34:55 And we can’t make them get out of bed
    0:34:57 and tell them they have to get out of bed.
    0:34:59 Go to their house and get into bed with them.
    0:35:03 And watch TV, watch movies all day, be depressed with them.
    0:35:05 It’s not fun, it’s not productive,
    0:35:07 but it makes them feel not alone.
    0:35:08 – Right.
    0:35:12 You’re matching their spirit at the moment.
    0:35:13 – You’re making them feel not alone.
    0:35:14 – Yeah.
    0:35:16 – And usually when we try and fix someone’s problem,
    0:35:19 usually when we try and pull them out of the mud,
    0:35:20 what that makes them feel
    0:35:22 is that they’re in the mud by themselves.
    0:35:26 ‘Cause we’re standing on high ground, on dry ground,
    0:35:27 saying, let me pull you out.
    0:35:28 – Right.
    0:35:30 – Oh my God, look at you down there in the mud.
    0:35:31 Let me pull you up here to the dry land,
    0:35:33 which all that does is remind them that they’re alone.
    0:35:34 – Right.
    0:35:38 You must have just given everything
    0:35:40 that you’ve been through in all your talks.
    0:35:42 I’d imagine people come up to you randomly
    0:35:45 or at talks, after talking to the line forms
    0:35:47 and people wanna ask you questions.
    0:35:51 If a young person comes to you looking to be pulled out
    0:35:53 or in some way, it’s like, give me advice on this or that.
    0:35:56 How do you empower them to make their own decisions?
    0:36:00 How do you equip them to figure out their why?
    0:36:03 ‘Cause I’d imagine you can’t do that in two minutes.
    0:36:05 – You can.
    0:36:06 – Tell me.
    0:36:08 – So finding the why is the easy part.
    0:36:11 It’s like college graduation is called commencement.
    0:36:12 – Yeah. – Beginning of something.
    0:36:13 – Yeah.
    0:36:14 – Well, finding your why is easy.
    0:36:16 That’s why I called the book Start With Why.
    0:36:18 ‘Cause once you have it, now the work begins.
    0:36:19 – Right.
    0:36:21 – So again, there’s two questions there.
    0:36:23 One is how to find the why and which I’ll tell you.
    0:36:26 And the one is when you’re coming up to a stranger.
    0:36:28 I mean, they don’t know me and I don’t know them.
    0:36:29 – Mm-hmm.
    0:36:30 – And they come up to me and say,
    0:36:32 can you help me get out of this or, you know, hey.
    0:36:33 – Right.
    0:36:34 – And my answer is always the same as,
    0:36:35 you don’t know me.
    0:36:37 You know the image of me.
    0:36:39 You know the image you’ve built of me.
    0:36:42 I could be the worst qualified person to help you with this.
    0:36:44 Go ask somebody who actually cares about you.
    0:36:46 You know, you’re not my friend.
    0:36:48 Like I like you, you’re seem very nice,
    0:36:50 but why would I get into mud with a stranger?
    0:36:52 – Right. – I don’t know you.
    0:36:54 You know, go ask somebody who loves you.
    0:36:57 Because it’s safer to be vulnerable with me
    0:36:58 because I’m a stranger.
    0:36:59 – Right.
    0:37:00 – It’s hard to be vulnerable with somebody
    0:37:01 who actually knows us.
    0:37:02 – Mm-hmm.
    0:37:04 – But that’s the thing you gotta do.
    0:37:06 – Yes. – They’re asking the wrong person.
    0:37:09 I’m sympathetic, but I’m the wrong person.
    0:37:09 – Yeah.
    0:37:12 – So where does a therapist fall on that?
    0:37:13 Because you don’t know them,
    0:37:16 but yet you can be vulnerable around them.
    0:37:19 How do they fit into your thinking?
    0:37:21 Like obviously it’s a useful tool to have a therapist.
    0:37:24 – Therapists have said that I professionally
    0:37:25 hold space for you.
    0:37:26 That is my job.
    0:37:27 – Right.
    0:37:29 – Depending on the therapist, some of them have tools
    0:37:31 to help you with whatever you’re dealing with, right?
    0:37:33 So they can equip you with tools.
    0:37:36 And I think therapists are one of the things that we need.
    0:37:38 I don’t think they’re the only thing that we need.
    0:37:40 I believe in therapy, I think it’s a good thing.
    0:37:42 And the practice of being open with someone.
    0:37:44 But I hope that you use that skill set with your friends.
    0:37:46 Like what’s the point of learning the skill
    0:37:47 if you’re not gonna apply it in other places?
    0:37:48 – Right.
    0:37:49 – And I think somebody who really struggles
    0:37:51 with vulnerability should do therapy
    0:37:55 because it is a good way to practice being vulnerable
    0:37:58 with the people you really need to be vulnerable.
    0:38:00 If you’re only vulnerable with your therapist and no one else,
    0:38:02 I think that’s as much of a problem
    0:38:03 as not being vulnerable to anybody.
    0:38:06 It’s an education as much as it is a catharsis.
    0:38:07 – Right.
    0:38:08 – So going back to your question about finding your one.
    0:38:09 – Yes. – Okay.
    0:38:10 I’ll give you two answers.
    0:38:11 – Okay.
    0:38:13 – There are many ways to do it.
    0:38:14 We’ve tried to make many tools available.
    0:38:16 We have things in our website
    0:38:18 that people can do to find their why.
    0:38:19 I wrote a book called “Find Your One.”
    0:38:20 – Yeah.
    0:38:22 Your website’s got some great thank courses
    0:38:25 and things that people can sign up for, which look awesome.
    0:38:26 – Thank you.
    0:38:28 – But there’s something called the friends exercise
    0:38:30 which anybody can do and it’s fun.
    0:38:32 Basically find a friend who loves you and you love them.
    0:38:34 The kind of friend who,
    0:38:35 if you call them at three o’clock in the morning,
    0:38:36 you know that they would be there for you
    0:38:37 and you would be there for them.
    0:38:38 – Okay.
    0:38:40 – Do not do this exercise with a spouse,
    0:38:41 with a sibling, with a parent.
    0:38:42 It does not work.
    0:38:44 Those relationships are too close.
    0:38:45 – Okay.
    0:38:48 – Do it with a best friend and ask them the simple question.
    0:38:49 Why are we friends?
    0:38:52 And they’re gonna look at you like you’re crazy.
    0:38:53 Because the part of the brain that controls
    0:38:56 all of our feelings, love, loyalty, trust,
    0:38:58 the limbic brain doesn’t control language.
    0:39:00 It doesn’t control rational thought.
    0:39:03 And so it’s very hard for us to
    0:39:05 rationally articulate emotions,
    0:39:07 which is why we use metaphors.
    0:39:08 – Yeah, we’re hard-tempering in the words.
    0:39:09 – Yeah, of course.
    0:39:10 It’s a biological problem.
    0:39:12 And so then you immediately convert the question,
    0:39:14 because why is an emotional question?
    0:39:16 And you start saying, “Come on, come on.”
    0:39:19 What specifically is it about me
    0:39:22 that I know that you would be there for me no matter what?
    0:39:23 And again, they’re gonna hem and ha,
    0:39:24 it’s very hard to put into words.
    0:39:25 – What if they just give you high level like,
    0:39:26 “Oh, you’re funny.” – They will.
    0:39:27 They will.
    0:39:28 That’s what they will do.
    0:39:28 They’ll start describing you.
    0:39:32 You’re funny, I trust you, you’re always there for me,
    0:39:33 and you have to play devil’s advocate.
    0:39:35 Great, that’s the definition of friend.
    0:39:37 What specifically is it about me?
    0:39:39 Or great, yes, all true,
    0:39:41 but you get that from lots of other people.
    0:39:43 What specifically is it about me?
    0:39:45 Then I know you’d be there for me no matter what.
    0:39:47 And they’re gonna go through a few rounds of this
    0:39:49 where they’re just describing you
    0:39:52 and describing this generic best friend archetype.
    0:39:56 And eventually, because of discomfort, they will give up.
    0:39:59 And they’ll go, “Look, man, I don’t know.
    0:40:02 “All I know is,” and they’ll start describing themselves.
    0:40:04 And this is what my friend said to me
    0:40:04 when I did the exercise.
    0:40:06 “Look, Simon, I don’t know.
    0:40:09 “All I know is, I can sit in a room with you.
    0:40:11 “I don’t even have to talk to you when I feel inspired.
    0:40:13 “And I got goosebumps.”
    0:40:16 So what they’ll do is they’ll say something about themselves
    0:40:18 and you will have an emotional reaction.
    0:40:20 You’ll get goosebumps, you’ll well up with tears,
    0:40:21 because what they’re doing is articulating the value
    0:40:24 having their life, which is the thing you give to the world,
    0:40:26 which is your why.
    0:40:27 And if you do this with multiple friends,
    0:40:30 you will get very similar, if not the exact same answer,
    0:40:31 because who you are in the world
    0:40:35 is the space you fill in all of these people’s lives.
    0:40:37 – And so is this idea what you give to them
    0:40:38 or what you give to the world,
    0:40:41 are you looking for a cross-section of agreement
    0:40:42 amongst friends?
    0:40:43 – No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no.
    0:40:44 This is not subjective.
    0:40:45 This is objective.
    0:40:46 – Okay.
    0:40:47 – Find as there’s common themes.
    0:40:50 And your why is the value you have in the world.
    0:40:52 It’s why not everybody likes you.
    0:40:53 It’s not everybody wants what you have.
    0:40:54 There are plenty of people who think
    0:40:57 that my entire existence is cheesy.
    0:40:58 I mean, I talk about inspiration.
    0:41:01 I mean, literally what could be cheesier, right?
    0:41:02 And are very dismissive.
    0:41:03 Well, I’m not for them.
    0:41:04 That’s okay.
    0:41:05 It’s like some people like chocolate,
    0:41:05 some people like vanilla.
    0:41:06 It’s like, it’s all good.
    0:41:08 But the people who love what I have to offer,
    0:41:12 well, those people are either part of the movement.
    0:41:15 They either, you know, buy, read a book
    0:41:17 or watch a video or they’re my friends.
    0:41:19 And we’re all kind of the same kind of person.
    0:41:21 It’s like when Apple says think different,
    0:41:22 who are they describing?
    0:41:23 The answer is yes.
    0:41:25 They’re describing their employees.
    0:41:26 They’re describing their founders.
    0:41:27 They’re describing their customers.
    0:41:29 They’re describing the answers.
    0:41:30 Yes.
    0:41:33 They’re describing everyone who believes in that thing.
    0:41:34 Well, it’s the same.
    0:41:35 Your why is the thing you give to the world
    0:41:37 and the people who value that
    0:41:38 are the ones who want to receive it.
    0:41:39 But it’s always gonna be you.
    0:41:42 – Can we have different whys, multiple whys?
    0:41:44 When do these whys form?
    0:41:46 – Your why is fully formed by your mid to late teens.
    0:41:49 The youngest why Discovery ever did was a 16 year old
    0:41:50 and it worked perfectly.
    0:41:53 We are all the products of our upbringing.
    0:41:55 You are who you are based on the experiences you had
    0:41:55 when you were young,
    0:41:58 which made you quote unquote who you are.
    0:42:00 And you don’t have a why for work and a why for home
    0:42:03 because then how would I know which one’s the real you?
    0:42:06 And one of those two places you’re lying, right?
    0:42:08 And you can’t change your why every year
    0:42:08 because then again,
    0:42:10 how would you ever form trusting relationships
    0:42:11 because I’d never know who you are.
    0:42:13 Are you authentic this week?
    0:42:14 But last week was a different why.
    0:42:16 So it’s the concept of authenticity
    0:42:19 literally couldn’t exist if your why could change.
    0:42:20 You are who you are and the rest of your life
    0:42:22 is simply an opportunity to live in balance
    0:42:23 with that why or not.
    0:42:26 I’ll show you another way to find your why,
    0:42:27 which is pattern recognition.
    0:42:31 I want you to tell me something you’ve done in your career
    0:42:32 whether it was commercially successful or not
    0:42:34 does not matter.
    0:42:35 But something, a project you’ve worked on,
    0:42:37 something specific that you did in your career
    0:42:40 that you absolutely loved being a part of.
    0:42:43 And if everything you ever did for the rest of your life
    0:42:44 was like this one thing,
    0:42:45 you’d be the happiest person in the life.
    0:42:50 – I would say one of the things that I’ve enjoyed is-
    0:42:51 – Loved.
    0:42:53 – Loved, okay.
    0:42:56 One of the things that I’ve loved is then
    0:42:57 this is probably ego loaded.
    0:42:58 So let’s just take it with that.
    0:43:02 So I’ve loved getting the recognition from others
    0:43:05 for discovering things earlier than anyone else.
    0:43:08 – Tell me something specific that you did
    0:43:12 that you loved the process, you loved being a part of it.
    0:43:14 That if all of your projects were like this one,
    0:43:16 ’cause you’ve started multiple business,
    0:43:19 many of them have had commercial success.
    0:43:21 Some of them you enjoyed more than others.
    0:43:24 And within those projects, there were things that happened.
    0:43:25 – Sure.
    0:43:26 – Things that went right or wrong,
    0:43:27 new clients you landed, whatever it was.
    0:43:31 Tell me one specific thing throughout this entire career
    0:43:33 that you loved, you didn’t necessarily like it every day,
    0:43:36 but you loved every, like this is the most exciting thing.
    0:43:40 – I would say that is the invention of things that-
    0:43:42 – Specific, invention of what?
    0:43:45 – When we created social voting for the first time
    0:43:48 and you could see the number go up
    0:43:50 on a piece of content on the web,
    0:43:51 this was before likes.
    0:43:54 And because of something called asynchronous JavaScript,
    0:43:57 you could actually watch as people socially voted
    0:44:00 on things in real time and inventing that
    0:44:04 and seeing that come to life and watching humans
    0:44:07 in real time gather around articles
    0:44:11 and watch them socially spread information.
    0:44:16 That moment of creating that and seeing it take off
    0:44:20 was just the creation process was a highlight
    0:44:22 you would probably never get anywhere else.
    0:44:27 That was a great just accomplishment for me and my team.
    0:44:29 So of all the amazing things you’ve done
    0:44:31 and you’ve had exits and all of the things
    0:44:33 that people dream of, right?
    0:44:35 What specifically was it about that,
    0:44:40 about social voting that stands out in an entire career?
    0:44:42 I think it’s because historically my kids
    0:44:43 will look back on that and said,
    0:44:47 dad did something that changed the world in some small way.
    0:44:48 – Could say that about other things you’ve done.
    0:44:50 Dad did something with dig,
    0:44:52 dad did something with all those things.
    0:44:54 My dad did was precursor to this or precursor to that.
    0:44:57 Mark Zuckerberg came to my dad for advice.
    0:45:01 So that, what specifically was about social voting
    0:45:01 that was so exciting.
    0:45:03 – Probably because it had the biggest impact.
    0:45:05 I would say there’s been other things
    0:45:07 like when I made the first intermittent fasting app,
    0:45:10 severely obese people, my dad died of a heart attack.
    0:45:12 We’re losing a lot of weight
    0:45:13 and we started getting emails saying
    0:45:14 it changed their lives.
    0:45:18 And that was another aha moment where I was like,
    0:45:20 this makes me feel so good.
    0:45:22 Just because I know that I’d give anything
    0:45:23 for another year with my dad
    0:45:26 and to like think that I’m giving somebody else’s son
    0:45:29 or daughter an extra year with their mom or dad
    0:45:31 is a huge one for me.
    0:45:33 So I think that’s another huge one.
    0:45:35 – No, that’s good.
    0:45:37 Tell me an early specific happy childhood memory,
    0:45:38 something I can relive with you.
    0:45:40 – Saturday mornings, my dad–
    0:45:41 – One memory.
    0:45:45 – One memory, catching a fish with my dad out on a boat.
    0:45:47 – So this is a specific time you were at?
    0:45:48 – Yeah, 100%.
    0:45:50 – Okay, tell me about that day.
    0:45:51 – Got up early.
    0:45:52 I had never been fishing in the sea,
    0:45:54 only kind of on lakes.
    0:45:56 And my dad drove me about,
    0:45:59 it was a multi-day trip to get up to the state of Washington.
    0:46:00 We went out on a boat.
    0:46:03 I was probably 10 years old
    0:46:07 and I helped reel in like a 45 pound salmon.
    0:46:10 I obviously couldn’t do it myself ’cause it’s tiny.
    0:46:11 – Actually, I take that back.
    0:46:14 The better memory was laying in the back of our truck bed,
    0:46:17 looking up at my dad show me satellites for the first time.
    0:46:19 And I saw a satellite camping with my dad.
    0:46:21 That was like just a magical moment.
    0:46:22 – Okay, tell me more about that.
    0:46:24 – I just realized how much I loved my father.
    0:46:26 And I just realized how special it was
    0:46:28 that I got to spend some one-on-one time with him
    0:46:31 and that he would take time out of his busy schedule
    0:46:35 to show me attention, to teach me things.
    0:46:37 It was difficult because my dad was a very verbally abusive
    0:46:39 father to my mom.
    0:46:40 And so he was always angry.
    0:46:44 And so to see him being tender with me
    0:46:47 was just a beautiful thing
    0:46:51 because I got to see my dad in a place of like happiness,
    0:46:52 which I didn’t see that often.
    0:46:56 – And what was it about showing you the satellites?
    0:46:57 – More one-on-one time.
    0:47:00 And I just didn’t even know those things existed.
    0:47:03 My late 40s satellites were a big deal way back in the day.
    0:47:05 And now I will go watch SpaceX launches
    0:47:06 outside of my balcony.
    0:47:07 But back then it was like,
    0:47:09 I just didn’t even know you could see him with a naked eye.
    0:47:11 And if you’re laying on a clear enough night,
    0:47:13 you can look up and you can actually track them
    0:47:14 and see a satellite, which is amazing.
    0:47:16 – Yeah, okay.
    0:47:18 So what’s interesting about those stories,
    0:47:20 seeing satellites with your dad
    0:47:22 and when you talk about the intermittent fasting,
    0:47:26 you use very similar language in both of them,
    0:47:28 which is you talk about the opportunity
    0:47:30 to have these moments, right?
    0:47:31 My dad was an angry man
    0:47:33 and I got to see him in tender times.
    0:47:35 You talk about giving somebody else
    0:47:38 the opportunity to spend more time with, right?
    0:47:40 It’s about the discovery of beautiful things
    0:47:42 that you didn’t know existed.
    0:47:43 An angry man who could be tender.
    0:47:46 A satellite you didn’t know you could see with a naked eye.
    0:47:49 The discovery of changing and intermittent fast.
    0:47:51 Even the uploading of things.
    0:47:55 It’s really about, it’s recognizing that there’s community,
    0:47:58 like there’s other people who connect.
    0:48:02 And I think your why sort of exists in this arena.
    0:48:04 I’m struggling to find the exact words for it.
    0:48:05 – Yes, that feels right to me.
    0:48:07 It’s very right to me.
    0:48:09 Where the things that bring you joy
    0:48:11 are when you give somebody the opportunity
    0:48:13 to make a discovery that has a positive impact
    0:48:16 in their lives to see something they didn’t see before.
    0:48:17 And in all of those examples,
    0:48:20 there was an element of like, I didn’t know that before.
    0:48:22 I had never seen that before.
    0:48:23 I didn’t know that could have an impact.
    0:48:24 And there was a positive impact
    0:48:26 whether it’s spending time with your dad.
    0:48:27 And you said it beautifully,
    0:48:29 which is giving somebody opportunity to spend more time
    0:48:33 with their mother, father that you didn’t have.
    0:48:34 And to some degree,
    0:48:36 you’re becoming the best parts of your father,
    0:48:39 which is to take quiet moments,
    0:48:40 show somebody something
    0:48:42 and let them discover something magical.
    0:48:42 – Yeah.
    0:48:44 I think that’s why I like playing with my kids so much.
    0:48:46 – The things you get to show your kids.
    0:48:47 – Yeah, and see through their eyes.
    0:48:48 – See through their eyes.
    0:48:49 – Yeah, it’s beautiful.
    0:48:50 – It’s beautiful.
    0:48:52 And even in the way you talk about social voting,
    0:48:55 which is to see through other people’s eyes
    0:48:57 what they find interesting.
    0:48:59 So there’s discovery for the person
    0:49:00 who’s learning it for the first time,
    0:49:01 but there’s discovery for you who’s teaching them
    0:49:03 because you don’t know where it’s gonna go.
    0:49:04 – Right.
    0:49:05 – And so there’s discovery on both sides.
    0:49:06 – Yeah.
    0:49:07 – So I think discover or discovery
    0:49:10 is sort of your magic place, your magical place.
    0:49:11 Anyway, your Y exists somewhere in the–
    0:49:12 – No, that’s awesome.
    0:49:14 I do wanna talk about what you do professionally for people
    0:49:16 because I think this is important.
    0:49:19 I noticed your site has some ways that people can sign up
    0:49:22 and actually learn how to be coached through this.
    0:49:24 More people need to do that.
    0:49:25 And I wanna take it further now.
    0:49:27 What do people do on your site?
    0:49:29 – So we started the optimism company
    0:49:30 with a very specific purpose,
    0:49:33 which is to advance the idea of human skills.
    0:49:36 I hate the term soft skills, hard skills and soft skills.
    0:49:38 First of all, hard and softer opposites.
    0:49:40 These things do not work against each other.
    0:49:43 And also there’s nothing soft about soft skills.
    0:49:45 There are hard skills and there’s human skills.
    0:49:46 Hard skills are the skills you need to learn
    0:49:48 to do the job you need to do.
    0:49:50 And human skills, the skills you need to learn
    0:49:51 to be a better human being.
    0:49:54 And there’s a great irony in being human, right?
    0:49:56 Like cats don’t have to work very hard to be cats.
    0:49:58 They’re just naturally good at being cats.
    0:50:00 But we have to actually do a lot of work
    0:50:01 to be good human beings.
    0:50:03 It’s frustrating and annoying.
    0:50:05 And we built the optimism company
    0:50:08 to completely focus on teaching people
    0:50:12 the human skills they need to be better human beings.
    0:50:15 And to advance that ability to cooperate and socialize.
    0:50:17 – Is that both personally and professionally?
    0:50:18 – It’s you, right?
    0:50:20 So when I teach you better listening skills,
    0:50:23 when I teach you how to have a difficult conversation,
    0:50:26 when I teach you how to have an effective confrontation.
    0:50:28 Now we teach it in a work context
    0:50:30 because that’s where the people are.
    0:50:32 But the reality is those skills are useful everywhere.
    0:50:33 I like to make the joke that in the,
    0:50:36 there’s an entire section of the bookshop called self-help.
    0:50:38 And there’s no section of the bookshop called help others.
    0:50:41 And what we need is to advance the help others industry.
    0:50:43 And that starts with teaching people the human skills
    0:50:46 of how to not only be a better version of yourself,
    0:50:50 but more important, which is how to be a good partner,
    0:50:54 friend, colleague, coworker, boyfriend, girlfriend,
    0:50:55 brother, sister, son, daughter,
    0:50:57 mother, father to somebody else.
    0:51:01 Because all of these relationships, boss, employee,
    0:51:05 dad, mom, brother, sister, they’re all cooperative.
    0:51:07 None of them are solo.
    0:51:09 They all involve a relationship.
    0:51:10 Almost every label we have for people
    0:51:12 involves some sort of relationship.
    0:51:14 You can’t be a leader if nobody’s following you.
    0:51:17 You can’t be a follower if there’s nothing to follow.
    0:51:18 All of these things is a relationship.
    0:51:20 Even when people talk about their faith,
    0:51:21 I’m a follower of X.
    0:51:22 Well, that’s a relationship.
    0:51:24 That’s how they describe faith.
    0:51:27 And so that’s what the optimism is singularly focused on,
    0:51:28 which is how we teach people the human skills
    0:51:29 to be better human beings.
    0:51:30 That’s awesome.
    0:51:33 I was picking to the website and I noticed
    0:51:36 there was a couple of things you mentioned on the site
    0:51:40 that you teach people the courage to lead
    0:51:41 and then also conflict resolution.
    0:51:44 How do you teach someone to resolve conflict?
    0:51:47 So many of these skills, the foundational skill
    0:51:49 of a lot of them is listening, right?
    0:51:51 Like we talked about it before with you and your wife,
    0:51:52 you fix everything.
    0:51:54 One of what you need to do is learn to listen.
    0:51:57 You work really hard to learn to listen to your kids,
    0:51:59 but then you abandon the skill at work
    0:52:02 or in your adult relationships, right?
    0:52:05 And so conflict resolution, we have conflict at work.
    0:52:07 We have disagreements, we have misunderstandings.
    0:52:09 We feel triggered by certain things that people say,
    0:52:11 whether they said it on purpose or by accident.
    0:52:14 We feel pressure, we react badly.
    0:52:16 There’s conflict everywhere.
    0:52:19 And I don’t believe that world peace, for example,
    0:52:21 is the absence of conflict.
    0:52:23 I think that’s nonsense, right?
    0:52:26 We live in a world with no conflict or war.
    0:52:28 No, not gonna happen, right?
    0:52:30 To me, world peace is the ability
    0:52:32 to resolve conflict peacefully.
    0:52:34 There’s gonna be conflict,
    0:52:36 but how do you resolve it peacefully?
    0:52:37 And you see it at work all the time.
    0:52:38 People yell at each other, people quit out of anger,
    0:52:40 people fire out of anger.
    0:52:42 Conflict is gonna happen.
    0:52:44 How do we resolve our conflicts peacefully?
    0:52:45 You’re gonna have conflict in your relationships.
    0:52:47 How do you resolve conflict peacefully?
    0:52:51 So for me, conflict resolution is that very difficult skill
    0:52:52 of when you’re angry,
    0:52:54 you still have the skill to hold space for somebody else.
    0:52:57 That’s so hard because when someone is triggered,
    0:52:58 everything goes out the window.
    0:53:00 And it’s just like, all of a sudden it’s all about emotion.
    0:53:03 How do you train yourself to say,
    0:53:06 let me pause this emotion and set aside for a second
    0:53:08 and listen, what’s the process like?
    0:53:09 Part of it is you have to have a game plan
    0:53:10 going into every conflict.
    0:53:13 You wanna make these decisions before you get to conflict.
    0:53:14 You don’t wanna be in conflict
    0:53:16 and then having to come up with strategy.
    0:53:18 You need to master these skills before the conflict
    0:53:19 so you’re prepared.
    0:53:20 Whether they’re athletes or military,
    0:53:21 they talk about muscle memory.
    0:53:22 Then you practice and practice and practice
    0:53:23 and practice and practice.
    0:53:26 You don’t quote unquote, have to think in the stressful time
    0:53:29 because you can just quote unquote, rely on your training.
    0:53:30 – Interesting.
    0:53:31 – Very similar.
    0:53:32 – So you offer that type of training?
    0:53:34 – Well, I mean, if you do these kinds of trainings,
    0:53:37 then you’re doing them in artificial environments.
    0:53:38 – Is it role-playing?
    0:53:39 What type of training is it?
    0:53:41 – The role-playing, we expect people to go do themselves.
    0:53:42 But the point is all of these things,
    0:53:44 even if you learn the skill, you have to go practice it.
    0:53:45 So I’ll give you one example.
    0:53:49 My girlfriend, we talk to each other very openly
    0:53:51 when we’re not in conflict,
    0:53:55 that when we fight, we don’t want it to be me versus you,
    0:53:57 we want it to be us versus the problem.
    0:53:58 So we know that.
    0:54:00 So both of us have that mindset.
    0:54:04 So when conflict does arise, we both have the right mindset.
    0:54:06 And sometimes it takes us a little to get back to it.
    0:54:09 Or we can say to each other, hey, hey, hey,
    0:54:10 I’m not trying to be right here.
    0:54:11 I’m trying to solve this problem.
    0:54:12 And then we’re the minds of the person.
    0:54:13 But I’ll give you a real-life example
    0:54:15 that actually happened where we went down
    0:54:18 that horrible rabbit hole of who started it.
    0:54:20 If you hadn’t done this, then I wouldn’t have done that.
    0:54:21 Well, if you hadn’t done that,
    0:54:21 then I wouldn’t have done this.
    0:54:23 I mean, it sounds like some Middle East conflict,
    0:54:25 which is like we’re both blaming each other
    0:54:26 for what had started.
    0:54:29 And it was getting worse and worse and worse
    0:54:31 and more aggressive.
    0:54:33 And it occurred to me in that fight,
    0:54:34 this is going nowhere.
    0:54:36 This is intractable.
    0:54:37 – This is gonna end up on–
    0:54:37 – This is just not–
    0:54:39 – You on the couch or something.
    0:54:40 – This is one of us is gonna storm out.
    0:54:42 If you just flash forward 10 minutes,
    0:54:47 there’s no peaceful resolution to this journey we’re on.
    0:54:48 Where we’re pointing out what I did right
    0:54:49 and what she did wrong.
    0:54:50 And she’s pointing out what I did wrong
    0:54:53 and what she did right, right?
    0:54:54 And I literally interrupted.
    0:54:58 I said, okay, this is going nowhere, new rules.
    0:54:59 We’re gonna reverse the script here
    0:55:01 because right now I’m pointing out everything
    0:55:02 I’m doing right and you’re doing wrong
    0:55:04 and you’re doing the same, new rules.
    0:55:07 From now on, I’m gonna tell you what I did wrong
    0:55:10 and what you did right and I’ll go first.
    0:55:11 – Wow.
    0:55:12 – And I said, here’s what I did wrong
    0:55:14 and here’s what you got right.
    0:55:16 And she goes, well, yeah, here’s what I got wrong
    0:55:17 and here’s what you got right.
    0:55:17 – That’s beautiful.
    0:55:18 – And I said, well, here’s what I got wrong
    0:55:20 and you got right.
    0:55:22 – And in five minutes or less,
    0:55:25 the tension had been released.
    0:55:28 We realized that both of us were trying.
    0:55:29 Neither of us was evil.
    0:55:32 Both of us were doing things right
    0:55:34 and both of us had accountability.
    0:55:35 – Yeah.
    0:55:37 – And in that moment, it just petered out.
    0:55:38 – That’s beautiful.
    0:55:40 – You’re taking the knob and just turning it down enough
    0:55:43 to where you can have a sensible conversation again.
    0:55:44 – But I created rules.
    0:55:45 – Yes.
    0:55:47 The rules of engagement are this.
    0:55:49 We’re gonna continue to fight
    0:55:51 but we are operating from this script.
    0:55:53 Me right, you wrong.
    0:55:54 I’m just gonna flip the script.
    0:55:55 Me wrong, you right.
    0:55:56 – Yeah.
    0:55:57 – And let’s just see what happens.
    0:55:58 – Do you use that every time?
    0:55:59 Or is that just–
    0:56:00 – No, I didn’t.
    0:56:01 That was spontaneous in the moment.
    0:56:02 – That’s amazing.
    0:56:02 – I’ve never done that before.
    0:56:03 But I’m gonna do it again.
    0:56:04 – Yeah.
    0:56:08 – But the point is, is like doing it once even,
    0:56:10 the next time you go down that path,
    0:56:13 I don’t have to go down the path and get it really tense
    0:56:15 ’cause I can stop it immediately like, look,
    0:56:16 I hear what you’re saying
    0:56:18 and I definitely have some culpability here.
    0:56:19 – Yeah.
    0:56:21 – I definitely did this wrong and you did this right.
    0:56:23 I can do it immediately now.
    0:56:24 But the point is, these are skills.
    0:56:25 – Right.
    0:56:27 – Learnable, practicable skills and they’re muscles.
    0:56:30 If you don’t use them, they’re gonna atrophy.
    0:56:31 And this is what we’re trying to teach.
    0:56:34 We’re trying to teach a host of these skills
    0:56:37 that by themselves, they’ll help a little bit.
    0:56:39 But the more of these skills we master,
    0:56:41 the better colleagues,
    0:56:42 – Yeah.
    0:56:44 – Boyfriends, girlfriends, brothers, sisters, fathers,
    0:56:46 mothers, sons, daughters, leaders, employees,
    0:56:49 the better we become team members, colleagues,
    0:56:51 any kind of human relationship.
    0:56:53 – It was a big blind spot for me for a long time,
    0:56:56 which is, I was a computer geek as a kid.
    0:56:59 So back in our day, it was not cool to be a computer geek.
    0:57:00 So I always made fun of a lot.
    0:57:01 – Sure.
    0:57:04 – So I was socially awkward and I had a really hard time
    0:57:06 getting into my teens and then 20s,
    0:57:10 going into a new situation without applying alcohol,
    0:57:13 because alcohol for me was like a crutch, right?
    0:57:14 I’ve since course corrected that,
    0:57:17 but I’ve had to realize that when I stopped alcohol,
    0:57:19 I have to build new muscles again.
    0:57:22 I have to build new muscles around social interactions.
    0:57:23 One on one, I’m fine.
    0:57:25 I can turn it on for a while and I’m fine,
    0:57:29 but there’s things that you have to kind of
    0:57:31 figure out how to build that muscle around
    0:57:34 so you can become proficient in it.
    0:57:37 When you meet someone that is like,
    0:57:38 I’m socially awkward.
    0:57:42 I am not advancing my career,
    0:57:43 the classic one is afraid to ask for a raise,
    0:57:45 but let’s just say I’m not outgoing enough
    0:57:50 to inspire confidence by the leaders of my organization.
    0:57:52 Is that something that you believe
    0:57:54 that we can learn and improve upon?
    0:57:57 – So social awkwardness is not the problem.
    0:57:59 I’m discomfort asking for difficult things
    0:58:00 is not the problem.
    0:58:01 I’m socially awkward.
    0:58:02 You see me in a crowd, I’m useless.
    0:58:04 I’m the one standing in the corner.
    0:58:04 – So am I.
    0:58:07 – I’m an over-sharer, mainly out of discomfort.
    0:58:10 You know, talk too much, come on too strong.
    0:58:12 It’s all discomfort.
    0:58:13 Years of failed dates, you know?
    0:58:14 – Yeah.
    0:58:16 – Just social awkwardness.
    0:58:21 And what I’ve learned is that those are not the problems.
    0:58:23 The problem is confidence.
    0:58:28 And I use social awkwardness or ADHD or introversion
    0:58:33 or any of these excuses for whatever weirdness that I feel.
    0:58:36 Right?
    0:58:37 And I’m a great believer that none of these things
    0:58:40 are right or wrong, they just are, you know?
    0:58:41 You can be socially awkward as an extrovert,
    0:58:43 you can be socially awkward as an introvert, right?
    0:58:44 They just are.
    0:58:45 And again, it goes back to asking for help
    0:58:47 and just owning it, right?
    0:58:49 Let’s be vulnerable, let’s be open
    0:58:51 about our social awkwardness.
    0:58:52 Let’s put it out there, let’s let people know.
    0:58:54 I say it all the time, like I’m really socially awkward.
    0:58:55 I say it on dates.
    0:58:57 It’s a release, right?
    0:58:58 It’s like putting it on the table.
    0:59:00 So if I have a moment,
    0:59:02 I’m not beating myself up in my head, right?
    0:59:03 – Which can compound, right?
    0:59:06 – And now it’s all me, it’s all me in my narrative, right?
    0:59:06 – Yeah.
    0:59:09 – And so the most important thing
    0:59:10 is just owning it with confidence.
    0:59:12 So here’s an example.
    0:59:15 I’m really uncomfortable asking for a raise.
    0:59:20 This is really hard for me, right?
    0:59:22 That’s not owning it.
    0:59:24 How about, hey, I’m so uncomfortable
    0:59:25 having this conversation with you right now,
    0:59:27 like I know I need to ask for a raise,
    0:59:28 but I don’t wanna ask for a raise
    0:59:29 ’cause it makes me really uncomfortable,
    0:59:31 but can we have the conversation anyway, please?
    0:59:31 Right?
    0:59:32 Yeah.
    0:59:33 Or when you’re out with somebody,
    0:59:34 meeting somebody for the first time,
    0:59:36 like I’m really socially awkward and I’m an introvert
    0:59:37 and I’m probably gonna say something
    0:59:38 that’s gonna make you uncomfortable.
    0:59:40 Like that’s just got creeper vibes only.
    0:59:41 – Yes.
    0:59:42 – Right?
    0:59:42 – Yeah, that’s like I’ll follow you
    0:59:43 out of the bar in a situation.
    0:59:45 – Yeah, that’s so uncomfortable to even hear,
    0:59:46 even though it’s well-intentioned
    0:59:49 in its explanation, versus just so you know,
    0:59:51 I’m probably like totally socially awkward.
    0:59:52 I’m probably gonna say something
    0:59:53 that’s gonna make you uncomfortable,
    0:59:54 make me uncomfortable.
    0:59:56 It’s gonna happen ’cause I’m just socially awkward that way.
    0:59:58 You can hear the difference in tone.
    0:59:59 – Right.
    1:00:00 – When you just own it.
    1:00:01 – Yes.
    1:00:03 – When you’re just confident about who you are.
    1:00:04 – It’s a great point.
    1:00:06 – And so all the things that we talk about,
    1:00:07 we’re trying to fix the symptoms,
    1:00:10 but the cause is that you’re just not owning who you are.
    1:00:11 – Right.
    1:00:12 – And you can own your strengths
    1:00:14 and you can own your awkwardness.
    1:00:14 – Yeah.
    1:00:15 – Just as an aside, I don’t believe
    1:00:17 in strengths and weaknesses.
    1:00:19 I believe we have characteristics and attributes.
    1:00:22 And in the right contexts, those things are strengths.
    1:00:25 And in the wrong contexts, those things are weaknesses.
    1:00:27 So nothing that we have in our personalities
    1:00:29 is inherently a strength or a weakness.
    1:00:31 It’s all contextual, right?
    1:00:35 So I work hard to be aware of my characteristics
    1:00:39 and attributes, and I work hard to learn
    1:00:40 when those things are to my advantage
    1:00:42 and when those things are to my disadvantage.
    1:00:44 And I work hard to put myself in situations
    1:00:46 where who I am is more likely to be an advantage
    1:00:48 than a disadvantage, right?
    1:00:51 So for example, I’m disorganized,
    1:00:53 chronically disorganized, right?
    1:00:56 And I remember I was a young entrepreneur
    1:01:00 at a networking event, socially awkward, introvert,
    1:01:01 not very good at the stuff.
    1:01:04 And I met a guy who, he’s like,
    1:01:06 this time what you have to say is amazing.
    1:01:07 I want to work with you.
    1:01:09 Here’s my card, right?
    1:01:10 Amazing.
    1:01:13 And if I was organized, I would be texting him
    1:01:14 from the taxi on the way home
    1:01:16 or at least emailing him the next day.
    1:01:17 Pleasure to meet you.
    1:01:18 All of that stuff.
    1:01:19 Well, I lost the business card.
    1:01:21 Yeah, I don’t know what I did with it, right?
    1:01:23 I had it and I lost it.
    1:01:26 Two weeks later, I found it at the bottom of a briefcase.
    1:01:27 And so I emailed him.
    1:01:29 I don’t know if you remember when we met a couple weeks ago.
    1:01:30 I just wanted to reach back out.
    1:01:32 And he wanted to work with me more
    1:01:33 ’cause he thought I was busy.
    1:01:34 That’s amazing.
    1:01:36 So is being disorganized a strength or weakness?
    1:01:38 The answer is it depends, right?
    1:01:41 In some contexts, it is really not helpful.
    1:01:44 In some contexts, it’s an accidental strength,
    1:01:46 introverted and a little bit quiet, right?
    1:01:48 And intimidated by, like you don’t know
    1:01:50 what to say in a room, strength or weakness.
    1:01:53 Well, at a networking event, it’s not gonna help you, right?
    1:01:54 When you have to go around the room
    1:01:55 and do all that kind of stuff.
    1:01:57 But if you’re in a meeting and you’re the quiet one,
    1:01:59 nobody knows if you’re an idiot or a genius.
    1:02:02 And you’re the listener.
    1:02:03 And they’re just waiting.
    1:02:05 So a huge strength.
    1:02:08 And so all of the things that I know about me
    1:02:12 and when I thrive and when I fail,
    1:02:14 when I’m happy and when I’m struggling,
    1:02:18 I figure out what the characteristics and attributes are
    1:02:20 and work very hard to put myself in situations,
    1:02:23 find jobs, find clients, find opportunities
    1:02:25 that are more likely to result in me
    1:02:27 having those characteristics and attributes
    1:02:29 work to my advantage
    1:02:30 versus simply chasing the money,
    1:02:32 chasing the client, chasing the opportunity,
    1:02:34 finding myself in a situation
    1:02:37 where this is not gonna work to my advantage.
    1:02:38 – And do you believe those characteristics
    1:02:41 and attributes can be enhanced?
    1:02:43 Some people I know, they just can’t make a decision
    1:02:43 for the life of them.
    1:02:45 They can’t move forward.
    1:02:46 Is that something where you look and say,
    1:02:47 well, that’s kind of your DNA.
    1:02:49 That’s an attribute or a characteristic.
    1:02:50 That’s who you are.
    1:02:53 Or we can actually take who you are
    1:02:54 and enhance something
    1:02:57 to make that a better, more smoother process for you.
    1:02:58 – Yeah, I don’t think that’s necessarily
    1:02:59 characteristic or attribute.
    1:03:00 – Okay.
    1:03:03 – What’s underlying that is risk tolerance, accountability.
    1:03:05 – Yeah, so how do we improve risk tolerance?
    1:03:06 – So risk tolerance and accountability
    1:03:09 come from the relationships, believe it or not, right?
    1:03:12 So this is why people say, the lawyers say we can’t do that.
    1:03:13 – Right.
    1:03:16 – The lawyers don’t make the decision on this.
    1:03:17 – Right, right.
    1:03:18 – The lawyers said I can’t do it.
    1:03:19 That’s not a lawyer’s job.
    1:03:20 And any lawyer who says you can’t do this
    1:03:21 is actually not doing the job.
    1:03:24 Lawyers have one job, advise you on risk.
    1:03:25 There’s a lot of risk if you do that.
    1:03:28 And you’re the one who’s supposed to assess the risk reward
    1:03:30 and decide if the risk is worth it.
    1:03:30 – Yeah.
    1:03:31 – And if it’s not worth it, then say no.
    1:03:33 But if you think it is worth it, then say yes.
    1:03:35 – Every time I hear a CEO say that, it’s such bullshit.
    1:03:37 – And when anybody says, the lawyer said we can’t,
    1:03:39 they’re abdicating the responsibility
    1:03:40 of making a decision.
    1:03:41 – Yeah.
    1:03:42 – It’s a weak leader, right?
    1:03:44 Yes, take counsel from your attorneys.
    1:03:45 – Right.
    1:03:46 – Absolutely.
    1:03:48 But ultimately, you’ve got to take a risk or not.
    1:03:49 – Right.
    1:03:50 – It’s your choice.
    1:03:51 – Right.
    1:03:51 – If you want to have a high or low risk tolerance,
    1:03:52 I don’t care.
    1:03:54 – But ultimately say, own up to it and say,
    1:03:57 I listen to our lawyers and I agree with them.
    1:03:58 This is too risky for our business.
    1:03:59 – This is too risky.
    1:03:59 – So I made the call.
    1:04:00 – I made the call.
    1:04:01 – Right.
    1:04:03 – I made the call, they spooked me.
    1:04:04 – Right.
    1:04:05 – And I just don’t think it’s worth it.
    1:04:06 It’s palpable.
    1:04:09 And if it goes sideways, I think we can deal with the fallout.
    1:04:12 That’s the conversation of which the lawyers are part of it.
    1:04:15 So being decisive, I think, is about relationships.
    1:04:19 When we have relationships where somebody says to us,
    1:04:22 I believe in your vision, you got this.
    1:04:24 The world needs what you’re trying to do.
    1:04:28 You will find your courage to make decisions skyrocket.
    1:04:28 – Yeah.
    1:04:32 – When you don’t seek relationships and support from others,
    1:04:35 you will gonna be alone in all your decisions.
    1:04:38 And that’s where the fear creeps in.
    1:04:39 – Yeah.
    1:04:41 – Because you feel like you’re on an island.
    1:04:43 You know, and I think the more senior you get
    1:04:44 in an organization, whether you’re a young founder
    1:04:47 or whether you’re a senior in a large corporate organization,
    1:04:50 you know, it’s a very lonely place.
    1:04:51 And we all know it.
    1:04:52 We all talk about it.
    1:04:53 When you’re not in those situations,
    1:04:54 you don’t understand it.
    1:04:54 – Yeah.
    1:04:57 – And there, it is an incredibly lonely place
    1:05:00 because there’s not a lot of people you can confide in.
    1:05:04 When you have moments of crippling doubt,
    1:05:06 are we doing the right thing here?
    1:05:08 That last decision I made, that I just blow it,
    1:05:11 you can’t go to your team and say,
    1:05:13 I think I’ve completely screwed this one up.
    1:05:14 You have to be vulnerable and open with your team,
    1:05:16 but you can’t share that.
    1:05:17 But you have to share it with someone.
    1:05:18 – Right.
    1:05:20 – And to be able to call a friend.
    1:05:20 – Yes.
    1:05:22 – And be like, dude, I think I completely screwed this up.
    1:05:24 – Yeah, yeah.
    1:05:25 – This is relationships.
    1:05:27 Human beings need human beings.
    1:05:28 – Yeah. – Done.
    1:05:30 And the more human beings that you have in your life
    1:05:31 that love you, care about you, trust you,
    1:05:34 and you love them, care about them and trust them,
    1:05:36 you will find yourself with a courage
    1:05:38 and a confidence that few others have.
    1:05:39 By the way, people who have that confidence
    1:05:40 without relationships.
    1:05:41 – Yeah.
    1:05:42 – That to me is like psychotic.
    1:05:43 – Right.
    1:05:44 So if we want to unpack that a little bit
    1:05:46 and say, okay, I’m in my late 40s.
    1:05:48 Yeah, I just moved to LA six months ago.
    1:05:51 Building a new network of trusted friendships,
    1:05:54 relationships, it’s harder to do as you get older
    1:05:56 and couples establish patterns.
    1:06:00 They have kids now, there’s more responsibilities.
    1:06:02 What if someone’s listening to be like, okay, great guys,
    1:06:03 you’re telling me over and over again, I need relationships.
    1:06:04 I get it.
    1:06:06 I don’t have a whole heck of a lot.
    1:06:07 – Right.
    1:06:07 – What do I do?
    1:06:09 – So I’m in the same place as you.
    1:06:10 I’m a COVID transplant.
    1:06:13 I’m gonna have friends in LA, some good friends in LA,
    1:06:15 but expanding my networks proved to be very hard,
    1:06:18 partially because LA doesn’t have serendipity.
    1:06:20 I come from New York where you bump into people
    1:06:21 all over the place at the time.
    1:06:25 Here I go from my couch to my car to an office
    1:06:27 or a conference room and then back,
    1:06:28 or then reverse back away.
    1:06:30 And you never bump into any, there’s no serendipity.
    1:06:31 – Right.
    1:06:34 – And so meeting people has to be prescriptive
    1:06:35 and it’s very hard.
    1:06:37 It’s very hard to meet people here.
    1:06:40 And it’s Hollywood, so everybody’s a little bit aloof.
    1:06:41 You get people’s cell phones,
    1:06:42 but you’re not allowed to use them.
    1:06:43 It’s a weird place.
    1:06:44 – It is, yeah.
    1:06:46 – So one of the things I’m doing,
    1:06:47 and it’s imperfect, but I’m doing,
    1:06:51 which is I’m leaning on my friends from not from here.
    1:06:52 – Yeah.
    1:06:53 – When I’m calling them up more.
    1:06:54 – That’s what I’m doing as well.
    1:06:55 – Yeah.
    1:06:58 – And I’m finding ways that we can meet up somewhere,
    1:07:01 or can you come out here or let me come out to you,
    1:07:03 or why don’t we go away for a weekend together.
    1:07:04 – Yes.
    1:07:06 – When I’m realizing that a couple of days
    1:07:08 of precious time is better than lots of fleeting moments.
    1:07:09 – Yeah.
    1:07:11 – And I spent a lot of time on the phone
    1:07:12 with my friends who aren’t here.
    1:07:14 – So funny how the phone’s made a comeback.
    1:07:16 – I do more phone calls with friends remote now.
    1:07:18 I actually want to hear them than texting.
    1:07:19 It just feels more intimate.
    1:07:21 – Also, I don’t like Zoom.
    1:07:23 I don’t think well sitting.
    1:07:24 I’m a pacer.
    1:07:26 And so on a phone, I can pace.
    1:07:27 – Yeah.
    1:07:28 – I go for a rock.
    1:07:29 I put on one of those weighted backpacks
    1:07:30 and just go on some of these trails
    1:07:32 and just call a friend, chat for a half hour.
    1:07:33 – We now live in a world where, you know,
    1:07:36 it’s considered rude to call without texting first.
    1:07:38 I mean, really just don’t answer the call then.
    1:07:40 – Right, I just call, yeah.
    1:07:40 – I just call.
    1:07:42 – If they’re that close a friend,
    1:07:43 you should just feel the call.
    1:07:44 – But I do with people I’m not that close with either
    1:07:47 because I just think the phone is a beautiful magical
    1:07:49 to hear voice.
    1:07:50 – One more question for you.
    1:07:52 We started off the conversation
    1:07:52 talking about great leaders.
    1:07:54 You mentioned Steve Jobs.
    1:07:55 One of the people that I’ve been fortunate enough
    1:07:58 to have on this show is Elon Musk a while ago.
    1:08:00 He really admired him and, you know,
    1:08:02 got to watch his career unfold
    1:08:04 and him build some great companies.
    1:08:07 Seems like he’s found his why.
    1:08:12 That said, Twitter slash X was a huge head scratcher for me.
    1:08:14 Do you think he kind of lost his way?
    1:08:17 So let’s just take one step to the left
    1:08:20 and say why is Elon Musk important?
    1:08:21 Right?
    1:08:24 There are plenty of very successful entrepreneurs
    1:08:28 who, their success, they won the lottery.
    1:08:32 You know, like right place, right time, right partner.
    1:08:33 And some of the ones we admire
    1:08:35 weren’t the ones who came up with the idea.
    1:08:36 They’re just the ones who are leading the company.
    1:08:37 – Sure.
    1:08:39 – And then we’ll leave the names of those companies out
    1:08:41 but you and I both know who they are.
    1:08:43 And they won’t be able to repeat it.
    1:08:46 Even if they’ve made hundreds of millions of dollars,
    1:08:48 they won’t be able to repeat it, right?
    1:08:53 Elon is important because he’s repeated it multiple times.
    1:08:54 He’s the real deal.
    1:08:55 – Real deal.
    1:08:56 – Real deal, right?
    1:08:57 So that’s important.
    1:08:58 – Yes.
    1:08:59 – He didn’t win a lottery.
    1:09:02 Absolutely people bet against him
    1:09:05 and he had so much passion and vision for what he was doing
    1:09:08 that he proved all the naysayers wrong.
    1:09:11 He made a very bad decision on Twitter, right?
    1:09:14 He got backed into a corner, he backed himself.
    1:09:15 – I don’t think he wanted to buy it at the end.
    1:09:16 – I don’t think so.
    1:09:17 I think he backed himself into a corner.
    1:09:18 – Yeah.
    1:09:22 – And he tried to get out of the deal, couldn’t.
    1:09:24 Just as a side, I think it’s really funny.
    1:09:26 The board members of Twitter and like leaders
    1:09:27 that were like, we would never sell, how much?
    1:09:28 Okay.
    1:09:29 – Yeah, totally.
    1:09:31 – How’s that idealism doing for you guys?
    1:09:33 Turns out everyone’s got a price.
    1:09:35 Anyway, I think Elon backed himself into a corner
    1:09:39 because he’s always beaten the naysayers in the past.
    1:09:41 People are saying, well, never doubt Elon.
    1:09:42 – Right.
    1:09:43 – Well, no, you can doubt Elon.
    1:09:46 In this case, he doesn’t have a passion or a vision.
    1:09:46 – Yes.
    1:09:47 – Like he did for the others.
    1:09:48 – The others were his ideas.
    1:09:51 – Others were his ideas or, I mean, Tesla wasn’t his idea,
    1:09:52 but he saw the potential.
    1:09:53 – Right.
    1:09:55 – The decisions he made were clearly to advanced
    1:09:56 a greater good and he was willing
    1:09:58 to take tremendous financial risk to do it.
    1:10:01 In this case, he’s trying to make a company
    1:10:03 that doesn’t make money, make money,
    1:10:05 as opposed to advance some sort of greater good.
    1:10:07 And it’s clearly, I mean, he keeps talking
    1:10:09 about freedom of speech, but that’s not it.
    1:10:10 – Yeah.
    1:10:11 – He’s trying to look at the decisions that are being made.
    1:10:12 – Yeah.
    1:10:13 – I think he screwed the pooch.
    1:10:14 I think he made a mistake.
    1:10:18 And the sad part is, because I think he has a brand
    1:10:21 and his brand is, look at the shit I get right.
    1:10:25 I think he’s too intimidated, shy, embarrassed to say,
    1:10:27 I blew it, right?
    1:10:28 – Yeah.
    1:10:30 – And if he would just come out and be like, look,
    1:10:32 I made the biggest mistake in my career.
    1:10:34 I got wrapped up in the excitement of it all.
    1:10:37 I find myself buying something I didn’t want to buy.
    1:10:39 We’ve all done it, but when you’re the world’s richest man,
    1:10:41 it’s just a lot more expensive.
    1:10:44 And at the end of the day, I don’t really want to do this.
    1:10:45 It’s not my passion.
    1:10:47 And I’m willing to sell Twitter to somebody
    1:10:50 who actually has a vision for this thing.
    1:10:51 You know, I don’t want to lose my shirt on it,
    1:10:52 but you’ll get a good deal.
    1:10:53 – Yeah.
    1:10:54 – And I need to unload this thing.
    1:10:55 And I screwed the pooch.
    1:10:57 I don’t want to go back and focus my time energy
    1:10:58 on the things that I actually love and care about.
    1:10:59 – Oh, man.
    1:11:01 – If he just said that, we’d all be fine with it.
    1:11:02 – Yeah.
    1:11:03 – We’d all be like, cool.
    1:11:05 – Everyone would stand up and applaud.
    1:11:06 – Everyone would stand up and applaud.
    1:11:07 And what he’s doing, it’s unfortunately,
    1:11:11 it’s very the times, which is deny, deny, deny, deny, deny.
    1:11:12 – Right.
    1:11:13 – Right?
    1:11:14 Like nobody does anything wrong anymore.
    1:11:16 If we look at all of his companies,
    1:11:18 you can see there’s an idealism and that you can see
    1:11:21 they kind of like fit a portfolio.
    1:11:24 Like they kind of all belong in this fund.
    1:11:24 This one doesn’t.
    1:11:25 – It doesn’t.
    1:11:28 Also, it’s a social product that I find
    1:11:29 that it’s a different beast.
    1:11:30 – Yeah.
    1:11:31 – It’s not science.
    1:11:33 – Guy with ass burger shouldn’t be running a social.
    1:11:34 – Exactly.
    1:11:35 – Look, it’s so fraught with irony.
    1:11:37 One of his things that he said at the beginning was,
    1:11:39 I think it’s irresponsible and bad
    1:11:42 that one company should be deciding
    1:11:45 what we say or don’t say.
    1:11:47 So I’ve replaced that company with a person.
    1:11:48 – Right.
    1:11:51 – One person decides who we should be saying or not say.
    1:11:51 – Yeah, I know.
    1:11:52 – I mean, whatever.
    1:11:53 We can talk about it.
    1:11:56 Like he screwed up and I can’t imagine the pressure
    1:11:58 he feels more importantly that he puts on himself.
    1:11:59 – It’s gotta be so tough.
    1:12:00 – You know, he’s still a human being.
    1:12:01 – A hundred percent.
    1:12:02 – Give the guy a little grace.
    1:12:03 He screwed up.
    1:12:03 We all do.
    1:12:05 His was more expensive and more public
    1:12:06 than the rest of ours.
    1:12:08 – I’d much rather him working on
    1:12:10 neuroscience related issues and working on this.
    1:12:11 – Yeah, they exactly.
    1:12:14 – Like every moment or day that he spends working on this,
    1:12:17 he’s not helping us find solutions to energy problems.
    1:12:19 He’s not helping us find solutions
    1:12:21 to mental health problems.
    1:12:22 – Which he’s damn good at.
    1:12:24 – I want Elon to do the stuff that he’s great at
    1:12:25 and I don’t want him to do Twitter.
    1:12:26 – Yeah, same.
    1:12:28 – We’re completely aligned.
    1:12:29 – So what’s next for you?
    1:12:32 You’ve got several successful bestselling books
    1:12:35 that could just be your jam for the rest of your life.
    1:12:39 – I’ve all but stopped doing in-person public speaking.
    1:12:41 I do them occasionally,
    1:12:45 but it’s basically not happening anymore.
    1:12:48 Because it doesn’t work like it used to.
    1:12:50 I believe in impact.
    1:12:52 Impact is more important to me than money.
    1:12:54 And when I was starting, I was proselytizing.
    1:12:58 I was preaching a point of view in a way the world worked.
    1:12:59 And most people in the room had never heard of me
    1:13:01 or my ideas.
    1:13:04 And so I came into preach and the delta
    1:13:05 of how people felt when I came in,
    1:13:07 when people felt when I came out.
    1:13:08 And the lifestyle that I was living,
    1:13:12 which was on the road all the time exhausting,
    1:13:13 the pain was worth it.
    1:13:15 And I’m a great, people like, you know,
    1:13:16 you should never quit.
    1:13:16 You have to have grit.
    1:13:18 Or people like, well, you have to know when to quit.
    1:13:19 My standard is very simple,
    1:13:23 which is if the struggle or the sacrifice is worth it,
    1:13:24 then keep doing it.
    1:13:26 If the struggle or sacrifice doesn’t feel worth it,
    1:13:28 then stop doing it, right?
    1:13:30 You know you have cause
    1:13:31 and you know that you’re doing the right thing.
    1:13:35 When this sucks, but it’s worth it, right?
    1:13:37 And so I hated it, but it was worth it.
    1:13:39 I hated the lifestyle.
    1:13:42 Now the delta is much smaller.
    1:13:44 I’m coming to talk about ideas
    1:13:46 that people have already read about or heard about.
    1:13:49 Or I’m no longer proselytizing a group of people
    1:13:50 who’ve never heard of my work.
    1:13:53 And so I’m in this magical period of exploration.
    1:13:55 I actually don’t know what I’m gonna do next.
    1:13:56 And so I’m saying yes to things
    1:13:58 that have no financial gain whatsoever,
    1:14:00 but I’m just kind of like giving it a try
    1:14:01 to see if I like it or not.
    1:14:03 I know that it won’t be what I’ve been doing.
    1:14:05 I like steep learning curves.
    1:14:06 This is the curse of 10,000 hours.
    1:14:08 Glad while I made this whole 10,000 hour things
    1:14:10 that you have to achieve 10,000 hours or something
    1:14:11 before you can achieve mastery.
    1:14:14 And we all are in quote unquote pursuit of the 10,000 hours.
    1:14:15 But what we forget,
    1:14:18 and I firmly believe that everything is balanced.
    1:14:19 Everything in the world is balanced.
    1:14:20 Every advantage you have in the world,
    1:14:22 there’s a disadvantage that comes
    1:14:24 with whatever that thing is, always.
    1:14:26 The world is always balanced and nature pours a vacuum.
    1:14:29 And so there’s a downside to the 10,000 hours.
    1:14:30 You talk to lots of people who have mastery.
    1:14:34 You’ll find the same pattern is only one of a few things.
    1:14:35 Boredom is one of them.
    1:14:38 It was so exciting when the steep learning curve was steep.
    1:14:41 And I have met directors and producers and VCs
    1:14:44 and entrepreneurs and they’re so good at what they do.
    1:14:46 They’re considered the best in their industry
    1:14:47 and they’re out there.
    1:14:48 They know how to make money.
    1:14:49 They know how to make movies.
    1:14:50 They know how to write books.
    1:14:51 They’ve got bang, bang, bang.
    1:14:54 And if you get them on a quiet night
    1:14:55 when they’re a little bit tired,
    1:14:58 probably a glass of whiskey or two in them,
    1:14:59 they will absolutely all admit
    1:15:01 that they’re bored out of their skulls
    1:15:03 because there’s nothing exciting
    1:15:04 about what they’re doing anymore.
    1:15:05 It’s just rote.
    1:15:07 – Just because it’s become second nature?
    1:15:08 – Because it’s 10,000 hours.
    1:15:09 They’ve got so much mastery.
    1:15:10 It’s not exciting.
    1:15:12 It’s the excitement of gaining 10,000 hours.
    1:15:14 It’s actually more enjoyable for the human being.
    1:15:16 I meet these really, really senior successful people
    1:15:18 that privately admit that they’re bored.
    1:15:20 – I wonder how Steph Curry does it.
    1:15:22 I wonder how those professional basketball players
    1:15:24 when they’re just like the top of their game,
    1:15:25 how they stay motivated.
    1:15:26 Like Kobe was really good at this.
    1:15:28 If you saw the last dance,
    1:15:30 Michael Jordan created narratives that were fake.
    1:15:31 – Yeah, that’s right.
    1:15:32 He was making shit up.
    1:15:33 – He was making shit up.
    1:15:35 He was making enemies.
    1:15:36 – Yeah.
    1:15:38 – He was not this great infinite minded guy
    1:15:38 that we all thought he was.
    1:15:40 He was the consummate finite player.
    1:15:41 He was the best finite player in the world
    1:15:43 where he would produce conflict that didn’t exist
    1:15:44 to make himself so angry
    1:15:46 that he was gonna can take you down.
    1:15:48 – I mean, it was, that was crazy.
    1:15:49 That was insane.
    1:15:50 – It was crazy insight.
    1:15:52 And I do think they get bored as well.
    1:15:54 And I think it’s just like the next ring
    1:15:55 and become the winning most of this
    1:15:56 or the winning most team.
    1:15:59 They just keep setting finite goals.
    1:16:00 And that’s exciting for the short term,
    1:16:02 but do they have long-term joy?
    1:16:03 – Yeah, I don’t know.
    1:16:06 – So boredom is one thing that I think a lot of people,
    1:16:07 when you reach 10,000 hours,
    1:16:10 I think the other thing is you find yourself,
    1:16:12 like when you’re hammer every problem’s a nail.
    1:16:14 And when you have mastery of something,
    1:16:17 you see the whole world through that one lens.
    1:16:20 And I think it creates a closeness to new.
    1:16:21 And you see this a lot.
    1:16:25 You see very successful CEOs, entrepreneurs
    1:16:29 that miss significant changes in technology, for example.
    1:16:30 And the number of CEOs who like,
    1:16:32 didn’t see the internet as a thing.
    1:16:33 – Right.
    1:16:33 – I mean–
    1:16:35 – Yeah, you look back and look at those old quotes
    1:16:36 and they’re hilarious.
    1:16:38 – Hilarious or like bomber who like,
    1:16:40 shit all over the iPhone, like it’ll never be a thing.
    1:16:41 Because no one’s gonna spend that amount of money
    1:16:42 on a phone.
    1:16:43 – You’re smarter than that.
    1:16:45 But the problem is, it’s not because he’s dumb.
    1:16:46 – Yeah.
    1:16:48 – And it’s not because he’s blind.
    1:16:49 And it’s not because he’s stupid.
    1:16:52 It’s because when you have mastered something
    1:16:54 and you’ve been doing that thing the same way
    1:16:57 for 30 years, to the point where it’s made you rich
    1:16:59 and famous and the top of the organization,
    1:17:01 it is very, very hard to see the world
    1:17:04 through any other lens than that lens.
    1:17:05 – And whether you know it or not,
    1:17:07 you’ve created a walled garden for yourself.
    1:17:09 When I was at Google, the first thing I did,
    1:17:11 when I landed inside and I was assigned
    1:17:13 to their social products team and I was running mobile
    1:17:16 for Google+, which ended up failing.
    1:17:17 – Well done.
    1:17:18 – Listen, I bounced.
    1:17:21 I was speaking of leaving jobs quickly.
    1:17:22 I was there for like four months.
    1:17:24 And I went to Google Ventures.
    1:17:25 And I just became an investor.
    1:17:27 I knew there was no future there.
    1:17:28 But yeah, that was horrible.
    1:17:30 But one of the things I realized is like,
    1:17:31 I’d gone to these product meetings
    1:17:33 and there was like 30 people in the room.
    1:17:36 And I’d start talking about what we were doing
    1:17:37 that was novel and different
    1:17:40 and that just wasn’t feature parody with Facebook.
    1:17:45 And it was like, they were so of the mindset
    1:17:47 of like, we’re Google, we can do anything.
    1:17:49 We have scale.
    1:17:51 They didn’t even use anyone else’s tools.
    1:17:53 They were never installing other apps
    1:17:54 or other competitors.
    1:17:55 They weren’t playing.
    1:17:55 They lost all of that.
    1:17:57 They had their free lunches.
    1:17:58 They had their soccer campuses.
    1:18:01 They even had a half pipe on Google’s campus,
    1:18:03 which I rode, which was actually pretty awesome.
    1:18:08 But it was like, you’re so surrounded by like-minded people,
    1:18:11 you don’t think to play and there’s no discovery.
    1:18:13 And so I think that’s what happened with Bomber and others
    1:18:15 when you don’t get a chance to actually get out there
    1:18:16 and be a real person.
    1:18:17 – And that’s the thing that made you successful
    1:18:19 in the first place was the open-mindedness
    1:18:20 of the childlike one.
    1:18:21 – Play, yeah.
    1:18:22 – You’re 100% right.
    1:18:23 It’s the curse of the 10,000 hours.
    1:18:26 It’s 10,000 hours plus, plus, plus,
    1:18:30 which is why publishing didn’t invent the e-reader.
    1:18:32 Amazon invented the e-reader, not publisher.
    1:18:34 – Right, very confusing.
    1:18:37 – Why is it that Netflix made streaming a thing
    1:18:39 and not the movie and TV industry?
    1:18:41 How did you guys miss that?
    1:18:43 You could have, but you didn’t.
    1:18:44 You can’t blame companies or industries
    1:18:46 ’cause companies and industries don’t make decisions.
    1:18:50 It’s human beings who have achieved mastery,
    1:18:51 who are now running organizations,
    1:18:53 who are decision-making positions,
    1:18:56 who literally cannot perceive the world
    1:18:58 outside of the 10,000 hours of mastery
    1:18:59 that they’ve achieved.
    1:18:59 – For sure.
    1:19:02 – And I’m at that point where I have 10,000 hours
    1:19:04 of mastery in one little space
    1:19:06 and it scares the shit out of me.
    1:19:08 And so if there’s one thing I know,
    1:19:11 which is to go be an idiot again.
    1:19:11 – I love that.
    1:19:13 – I need to start with four hours.
    1:19:15 Okay, I’m gonna learn about venture.
    1:19:18 I don’t know and understand anything about money, right?
    1:19:20 I’ve never been motivated, I’m the money idiot.
    1:19:21 And I’m sitting in these meetings
    1:19:23 and they’re all using all this jargon.
    1:19:25 And I am so clueless.
    1:19:28 It is not fun, it is not comfortable, I feel dumb.
    1:19:29 Everybody thinks I’m smart
    1:19:30 because I’ve achieved something,
    1:19:33 they think I know everything about everything, right?
    1:19:35 And I’m trying to be dumb.
    1:19:37 And I’m trying to find what I’m passionate about
    1:19:40 that is worth really working hard
    1:19:43 to not be dumb with the thing that I’m dumb about.
    1:19:44 – What’s your point earlier?
    1:19:45 I mean, it’s about asking questions
    1:19:46 that you don’t know the answer to again.
    1:19:47 – You’ll appreciate this.
    1:19:50 So I got to know James Kars
    1:19:52 who was the originator of the concept
    1:19:55 of finite and infinite games before he died.
    1:20:00 And when I first met him, of course, the burning question,
    1:20:01 how’d you come up with that?
    1:20:03 Right now, just as an aside for those
    1:20:03 who don’t know what I’m talking about.
    1:20:04 – Yeah.
    1:20:07 – So Jim Kars was a philosopher and theologian.
    1:20:10 He worked at NYU who wrote a book
    1:20:12 in the mid-1980s called finite and infinite games
    1:20:13 where he defined these two types of games.
    1:20:15 It’s a cookie little philosophy book, right?
    1:20:17 He defined these two types of games.
    1:20:19 The finite game is defined as known players,
    1:20:22 fixed rules, agreed upon objectives, football, baseball.
    1:20:24 If there’s a winner necessarily,
    1:20:25 you have to have a loser or losers.
    1:20:28 But more important, there’s always a beginning,
    1:20:29 a middle, and an end.
    1:20:30 Then you have infinite games.
    1:20:33 Infinite games are defined as known and unknown players,
    1:20:34 which means you don’t necessarily know
    1:20:36 who all the other players are
    1:20:38 and new players can join the game at any time.
    1:20:39 The rules are changeable,
    1:20:42 which means every player can play however they want.
    1:20:43 And there’s no such thing as winning.
    1:20:45 You can only perpetuate the game.
    1:20:47 The goal is to stay in the game as long as possible.
    1:20:48 – Right, so life basically.
    1:20:51 – Business, nobody wins business.
    1:20:52 When Circuit City went bankrupt,
    1:20:54 Best Buy didn’t win anything.
    1:20:55 The game will change forms.
    1:20:57 You don’t know who your competitors are necessarily.
    1:20:58 New competitors can join.
    1:21:00 Every company can run however they wanna run.
    1:21:02 And no one’s ever declared the winner of business.
    1:21:04 This is what Kars put out in the world.
    1:21:07 And it dramatically impacted my work.
    1:21:09 ‘Cause I bought into his philosophy,
    1:21:11 Hogan and Sinker, and I started to realize
    1:21:12 if you listen to leaders,
    1:21:13 they talk about being number one,
    1:21:15 being the best or beating their competition.
    1:21:17 Based on what?
    1:21:18 Based on what agreed upon metrics,
    1:21:19 objectives, and time frames.
    1:21:22 So when you play to win in a game that has no finish line,
    1:21:24 turns out you make a lot of stupid decisions
    1:21:27 and you end up destroying trust, cooperation, and innovation.
    1:21:30 And if you look, most companies today,
    1:21:32 most large companies are not innovative.
    1:21:34 They just buy smaller and more innovative companies.
    1:21:37 The average lifespan of a company I think is 17 years,
    1:21:39 which is abysmal, right?
    1:21:41 Look at the damage that companies are doing
    1:21:42 because they’re so short termist.
    1:21:44 It’s all because they have a finite mindset
    1:21:45 in the infinite game of business.
    1:21:47 What Kars articulated was a truth.
    1:21:49 A lot of people have theories,
    1:21:50 finite game of games is a truth.
    1:21:52 That is how the world works.
    1:21:54 You have to play for the game you’re in.
    1:21:56 So I got to know some.
    1:21:57 And of course, when I met him the first time,
    1:21:58 I sat down with him and was like,
    1:22:02 I gotta ask, how did you come up with this?
    1:22:05 And he was telling me that in the 1970s,
    1:22:06 there were all of these salons.
    1:22:08 So there were these intellectual salons
    1:22:09 of which he was a part of,
    1:22:11 where they would bring in people from different disciplines,
    1:22:13 like mathematics and philosophy and engineering
    1:22:17 to debate the topic of the day, which was game theory.
    1:22:20 Game theory was all the rage in the 1970s.
    1:22:23 And lots of theories were coming out of these salons, right?
    1:22:24 So for example, the prisoner’s dilemma,
    1:22:26 which many of us are familiar with,
    1:22:29 that came out of one of these salons in the 1970s, right?
    1:22:32 So he was in these salons and it occurred to him
    1:22:35 that in all of these discussions,
    1:22:37 they were always talking about winning and losing.
    1:22:38 All of them.
    1:22:40 Nobody was talking about playing.
    1:22:43 Even the prisoner’s dilemma is about winning and losing.
    1:22:44 And then he sort of like went home
    1:22:46 with this problem he had stuck in his mind.
    1:22:48 And he watched his kids.
    1:22:50 And he saw when his kids played ping pong,
    1:22:52 there was always screaming and yelling,
    1:22:53 there was always fighting,
    1:22:55 and there was always accusations of somebody cheating.
    1:22:55 Every time.
    1:22:57 – That doesn’t change with adults by the way, right?
    1:22:58 – But yeah.
    1:23:00 – But when his kids were like playing Lego,
    1:23:03 they would sit there quietly for hours.
    1:23:05 And one of the kids would leave for a little bit
    1:23:06 and then come back later.
    1:23:09 And the game would, the Legos would last for days.
    1:23:11 And they would start and stop and start and stop.
    1:23:12 And there was never any fighting.
    1:23:13 And there was only cooperation.
    1:23:15 – Mm-hmm.
    1:23:17 – And he realized that we’re so obsessed
    1:23:18 with winning and losing that we’ve forgotten
    1:23:23 the value of playing and not all games have an end.
    1:23:26 And business should be treated like a game
    1:23:27 rather than a competition.
    1:23:31 It should be treated like Lego more than baseball.
    1:23:32 – Yes.
    1:23:34 – And we overuse sports and war analogies
    1:23:35 in business all the time.
    1:23:36 – Yeah, hit a home run.
    1:23:37 – ‘Cause we treat it like a game.
    1:23:38 – Yeah.
    1:23:39 – We have launches.
    1:23:40 We have campaigns.
    1:23:41 We have wins.
    1:23:42 We have losses.
    1:23:44 We give bonuses for accomplishment.
    1:23:45 We talk about performance driven,
    1:23:47 but we never talk about creativity.
    1:23:47 – Yeah.
    1:23:49 – We never talk about joy.
    1:23:53 We never talk about cooperation or cross-pollination.
    1:23:55 And this is the magic of great innovation
    1:23:57 and great businesses.
    1:23:59 And so you talk about the magic of play.
    1:24:00 – Yes.
    1:24:01 – Right?
    1:24:03 One of the problems with 10,000 hours of mastery
    1:24:06 or any kind of mastery is you become so good at something.
    1:24:08 Now you wanna win every time you’re playing
    1:24:10 because you’re the expert.
    1:24:10 – Right.
    1:24:14 – And there’s a joy in not worrying about the outcome.
    1:24:15 – Hmm.
    1:24:18 – There’s a joy in just playing.
    1:24:23 And so I am looking for few opportunities to play baseball
    1:24:24 and more opportunities to do leg-up.
    1:24:25 – Hmm.
    1:24:26 That’s interesting.
    1:24:28 A few years ago, I picked up studying Zen
    1:24:30 with a great Zen master out of Santa Fe.
    1:24:32 And one of the things about Zen
    1:24:34 is it is a dedicated practice.
    1:24:37 You wanna get in your reps in terms of hours,
    1:24:39 but you cannot have an outcome
    1:24:41 because that pushes away.
    1:24:43 – It defeats the point.
    1:24:46 The West is more obsessed with finite
    1:24:47 and I think Eastern philosophies
    1:24:48 are more obsessed with infinite.
    1:24:51 I learned that you are actually not present
    1:24:53 until somebody else says you are.
    1:24:54 Right?
    1:24:55 Because you can’t be present by yourself.
    1:24:57 I mean, you can, that’s one of the side effects,
    1:24:59 but the true value of being present
    1:25:01 is as a gift to another, right?
    1:25:02 So let’s think about meditation.
    1:25:04 For those who’ve ever practiced meditation,
    1:25:06 what you’re supposed to do is sit still
    1:25:08 and focus on one thing.
    1:25:09 Whether it’s something you stare at,
    1:25:11 whether it’s a mantra or a sound,
    1:25:14 or the ocean or whatever it is,
    1:25:16 you’re supposed to focus on one thing.
    1:25:17 – Right.
    1:25:18 – You can’t clear your mind, it doesn’t exist.
    1:25:19 You focus on one thing.
    1:25:20 And you learn to clear your mind
    1:25:22 of all other thoughts except this one thing.
    1:25:25 And if you have a thought about work,
    1:25:26 you label it a thought.
    1:25:27 You say, “Ah, that’s a thought.
    1:25:29 “I’m gonna push that aside and we’ll deal with that later.”
    1:25:31 And you find this tremendous calm and focus
    1:25:33 and tremendous relaxation.
    1:25:34 Okay, what was the point of all of that?
    1:25:35 Just so you can feel good?
    1:25:38 No, that’s the unintended by-product
    1:25:40 that you feel good and you have all the health benefits.
    1:25:43 The true benefit for me of practicing meditation
    1:25:45 is that when I’m sitting with a friend,
    1:25:46 they wanna tell me something amazing
    1:25:47 that’s happening in their life,
    1:25:48 or they wanna tell me something
    1:25:49 that’s horrible that they’re dealing with.
    1:25:51 I’m focused on one thing and one thing only,
    1:25:53 what they’re telling me.
    1:25:55 Every other thought, the car that just screeched,
    1:25:56 don’t hear it anymore.
    1:25:58 I have thoughts of things I wanna say,
    1:25:59 and I label them thoughts.
    1:26:00 I’m gonna say, “That’s a label of…”
    1:26:01 I’m gonna deal with that later.
    1:26:02 – You’re bringing it to real life.
    1:26:03 – I’m bringing it to real life.
    1:26:04 And at the end of the conversation,
    1:26:06 I know that I have been present,
    1:26:07 that all of that practice,
    1:26:08 we call meditation a practice,
    1:26:10 that all of that practice was worth it.
    1:26:12 For this one moment when my friend says to me,
    1:26:13 “Thank you for listening,”
    1:26:14 or, “Thank you for being present,”
    1:26:16 or, “I really feel heard.”
    1:26:18 Thank you.
    1:26:19 Now all of that meditation was worth it.
    1:26:22 And all of the benefits that I derive are secondary.
    1:26:24 The true benefit is the gift that I get to give
    1:26:27 from working really hard in my own practice.
    1:26:31 So we’ve made so many of these eastern practices
    1:26:34 that are pro-social selfish.
    1:26:35 We’ve made them checkboxes.
    1:26:36 – We’ve made them checkboxes,
    1:26:37 and we’ve made them only for us.
    1:26:38 – Yes.
    1:26:42 – And perpetuating that imbalance that America is so good at,
    1:26:44 which is we’ve over-indexed on rugged individualism,
    1:26:47 Maul Burma, and with hero-ized CEOs,
    1:26:50 as if they did everything by themselves, right?
    1:26:51 We’re all striving to be the hero.
    1:26:52 We’re all striving to be influencers.
    1:26:54 We’ve created heroes out of individuals
    1:26:57 of which none of us succeed without groups of people
    1:26:59 who believed in us, took bets on us,
    1:27:00 were there for us,
    1:27:01 let us cry on their shoulders,
    1:27:04 or just cheered us on on a rainy day.
    1:27:08 We’ve forgotten that the more we can focus on each other
    1:27:09 and taking care of each other,
    1:27:11 and what it means to be a good friend,
    1:27:12 to be a good partner, to be a good leader,
    1:27:15 to be a good follower, to be a good employee,
    1:27:17 to be a good boss, to be a good,
    1:27:19 all the relationship, friend,
    1:27:21 that’s where true joy and success lies.
    1:27:22 And play,
    1:27:27 play, I think is the most magical of all,
    1:27:30 play without a required income.
    1:27:33 You start drawing, you start playing with Lego,
    1:27:36 and a few days later, you decide to put it away.
    1:27:39 Yeah, arbitrary, yeah.
    1:27:40 And I’m trying to do that with my career.
    1:27:41 I’m trying to play again.
    1:27:43 That’s great, I love to hear that.
    1:27:46 Must feel good, why it’s nerve-wracking.
    1:27:47 You know, we talked about being uncomfortable,
    1:27:49 I’m uncomfortable, I have no idea
    1:27:50 what my future is gonna be.
    1:27:52 But I’m okay with that.
    1:27:53 That’s awesome.
    1:27:55 What you did with me was beautiful.
    1:27:56 Thank you again for that.
    1:27:59 That was just a fun little few minutes of unpacking that.
    1:28:02 Well, let’s just say, I wanted to go deeper on that.
    1:28:03 Where do I go on your website?
    1:28:04 Is there a specific course?
    1:28:07 Yeah, yeah, there’s a whole thing about finding your why.
    1:28:09 Okay, so that’s the one to sign up for.
    1:28:09 That’s the one to sign up for.
    1:28:11 Okay, awesome.
    1:28:12 Simon, thank you so much.
    1:28:13 This is great.
    1:28:13 Oh, my pleasure, thanks for having me.
    1:28:14 This has been great.
    1:28:15 Yeah, it’s a joy, thanks.

    Kevin sits down with the renowned author and motivational speaker Simon Sinek. They discuss the importance of understanding one’s “why,” the journey of building impactful leadership, and the nuances of personal and professional growth. They also explore the dynamics of leadership, the importance of building trust, and the role of vulnerability in personal and professional relationships. Lastly, Simon discusses the 10,000-hour rule and breaks down finite and infinite games in terms of business. 

    Guest Bio and Links:

    Simon Sinek is a renowned author, motivational speaker, and organizational consultant. He is known for popularizing the concept of “Why,” his insights on leadership, culture, and business have inspired millions worldwide. His TED Talk on “How Great Leaders Inspire Action” is one of the most viewed talks on the platform.

    Listeners can learn more about Simon Sinek at his website, on IG @simonsinek, and on YouTube @SimonSinek

    Partners:

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    LMNT: Electrolyte drink mix. Grab a free sample pack

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    Resources:

    Kevin’s Newsletter: Join 100,000+ subscribers

    Simon’s Blog: The Optimism Company Blog

    Simon’s Books

    Simon Sinek: The Number One Reason Why You’re Not Succeeding | E145 | The Diary of a CEO 

    It’s not about the nail

    Finite and Infinite Games: A Vision of Life as Play and Possibility by James P. Carse 

    Show Notes: 

    * (0:00) Introduction

    * (1:00) Manscaped: 20% off precision-engineered grooming tools

    * (2:15) LMNT: Electrolyte drink mix. Grab a free sample pack

    * (3:45) The success of “Start With Why”

    * (5:45) The beginning of ‘why, what, how’ 

    * (11:55) How to help coach someone to find their ‘why’  

    * (14:30) The problem of pursuing a dream job

    * (18:30) The importance of vulnerability in leadership

    * (22:17) Facet: Personalized financial planning. Get your $250 enrollment fee waived

    * (23:52) Kevin’s Newsletter: Join 100,000+ subscribers   

    * (24:50) “To be uncomfortable is probably the single greatest asset you could ever, you know this because nobody who’s ever achieved anything in the world did it smoothly.” -S.Sinek

    * (27:05) The three most important words for an entrepreneur to learn

    * (31:55) The problems with problem-solving mode  

    * (32:30) It’s not about the nail

    * (34:15) How to listen vs. trying to fix everything during a conflict  

    * (36:30) How to find ‘your why’

    * (38:35) Simon explains how to find your why through the friends exercise 

    * (40:35) “Because what they’re doing is articulating the value you have in their life, which is the thing you give to the world, which is your why. And if you do this with multiple friends, you will get very similar, if not the exact same answer, because who you are in the world is the space you fill in all of these people’s lives.” (friendship exercise) -S.Sinek  

    * (41:55) Question: Can you have multiple ‘whys’ in life?

    * (42:45) Using pattern recognition to find your ‘why’ 

    * (49:45) The concept of human skills versus hard skills 

    * (52:00) Kevin and Simon discuss conflict resolution 

    * (58:15) How to deal with being socially awkward 

    * (1:08:00) Elon Musk purchasing Twitter  

    * (1:12:55) What’s next for Simon 

    * (1:14:25) The 10,000 hour rule

    * (1:20:00) The concept of finite and infinite games 

    Connect with Kevin:

    Website: kevinrose.com 

    Instagram: @KevinRose

    X: @KevinRose

    YouTube: @KevinRose

    This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.kevinrose.com/subscribe

  • Why We Want Things We Don’t Actually Like – Dr. Laurie Santos (#62)

    AI transcript
    0:00:00 “Happiness is a massive topic. Where do you even begin?”
    0:00:05 “Oficial podcasts, more than 35 million downloads. Why are our young people so unhappy?”
    0:00:10 If you look at very happy people, what are they doing differently?
    0:00:13 What you find is they spend a lot of time with other people.
    0:00:15 They don’t spend a long time on screens.
    0:00:17 They spend more time disproportionately in real life,
    0:00:20 whether that’s being present, walking around outside or something.
    0:00:23 “Touching grass.”
    0:00:23 Yeah, all negative emotions really have a good evolutionary purpose.
    0:00:27 Boredom is our cue that like, “Oh, I should go out and do something stimulating.
    0:00:31 I should find something meaningful.”
    0:00:32 Whereas when we can kind of slap the screen band-aid on our boredom,
    0:00:35 we never have to feel it long enough to find what we really want to do.
    0:00:39 Happiness tends to have to sort of U-shaped curve.
    0:00:41 It starts off good when you’re young and you’re a kid.
    0:00:43 You tend to be pretty happy and then you get to mid-life and it kind of sucks.
    0:00:46 There’s lots of research showing that perfectionism is going up since the 80s to now.
    0:00:50 There are like 30 to 40% increases.
    0:00:53 This level of depression right now nationally is more than 40% of students’ report being too depressed to function most days.
    0:00:58 And that number has doubled in the last eight to nine years.
    0:01:01 Similar things for anxiety right now. Anxieties at like…
    0:01:04 So it’s happened again.
    0:01:09 Last week, I got a notice in the mail, another data breach.
    0:01:11 This time it was with my healthcare provider.
    0:01:14 I’m sure you’ve been here.
    0:01:15 Sadly, this problem is not going away.
    0:01:17 Obviously, they tell you to go and lock down your credit reports,
    0:01:20 but there’s so much more at stake here.
    0:01:22 From the second your data is breached, it’s being resold by companies called data brokers.
    0:01:27 Now, the good news is that as evil as these companies are, they’re also companies.
    0:01:31 So that means that if you take your time to monitor, to find your data,
    0:01:34 and then you hire a lawyer to send them takedowns, you can have some success.
    0:01:38 Now, obviously, your time is more valuable than that.
    0:01:40 So I want to tell you about a service that I use and it’s today’s sponsor.
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    0:01:53 There’s over 750 of them out there.
    0:01:56 And they keep removing your data as it shows up, which unfortunately, it constantly does.
    0:02:00 And recently, Delete Me has expanded their core service,
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    0:02:07 to anyone that you wish to include in your Delete Me account.
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    0:02:21 Head to joindeleteme.com/KevinRose.
    0:02:24 This week’s episode is brought to you by DRAMM.
    0:02:28 You’ve probably heard me mention that way back in the day, back in 2000, when I was a wee lad,
    0:02:34 I gave up soda absolutely cold turkey.
    0:02:37 That means nothing with corn syrup, aspartame, sugar, or any other crap.
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    0:03:04 It’s fantastic.
    0:03:05 And my favorite, though, is their cola.
    0:03:08 It tastes just like classic cola,
    0:03:10 but it’s made with adaptogenic mushrooms,
    0:03:12 such as chaga, lion’s mane, shiitake, and cordyceps.
    0:03:15 But you don’t even taste the mushrooms.
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    0:03:18 Lastly, I love that their cans are BPA-free
    0:03:21 and that their water is free from those harmful.
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    0:03:45 And thank you, Dram, for sponsoring the show.
    0:03:47 Lori, thank you so much for being on the show.
    0:03:48 Yeah, thanks so much for having me.
    0:03:50 Happiness is a massive topic.
    0:03:53 Where do you even begin when you approach this?
    0:03:57 If someone comes up to you at a party
    0:03:59 and you say, “Hey, I study happiness,”
    0:04:01 how do you even start to talk about this topic?
    0:04:06 You go way back, right?
    0:04:07 I mean, Aristotle was talking about this step.
    0:04:08 It’s in the Declaration of Independence.
    0:04:10 So it’s not like a new thing when people are pursuing this stuff.
    0:04:13 But you usually start with the story
    0:04:14 of how I get interested in this stuff.
    0:04:16 Yeah, let me hear that.
    0:04:17 I was a nerdy professor who studied animals for a long time.
    0:04:20 And then switched and made this pivot
    0:04:22 to studying happiness and mental health,
    0:04:24 because I was seeing the mental health crisis in my students.
    0:04:27 I took on this weird role at Yale,
    0:04:29 which is called the head of college.
    0:04:30 So you’re faculty who live on campus with students.
    0:04:33 And I expected college life to be what it was like
    0:04:35 when I was there in the ’90s.
    0:04:36 There was stress and stuff, but it was mostly fun.
    0:04:38 And that just was not what I was seeing in my community.
    0:04:42 I was just seeing so much anxiety and depression
    0:04:44 and students who were suicidal.
    0:04:46 And it was just like jarring that the mental health crisis was so bad.
    0:04:49 That took place over the course of a decade or so, that change, that shift?
    0:04:53 Yeah, well, what’s interesting is you look at the data.
    0:04:55 These things are skyrocketing, right?
    0:04:56 So the level of depression right now nationally
    0:04:58 is more than 40% of students’ report
    0:05:00 being too depressed to function most days.
    0:05:03 And that number has doubled in the last eight to nine years.
    0:05:06 Similar things for anxiety right now.
    0:05:07 I think anxiety is at like 67% of students
    0:05:09 say they’re overwhelmingly anxious most days,
    0:05:12 college students nationally.
    0:05:13 Those rates just were not there.
    0:05:15 My colleague who runs the mental health and counseling at Yale
    0:05:18 is fond of saying the rates are skyrocketing enough
    0:05:20 that we know they’ll level off,
    0:05:22 but that’s just because like 100% of people
    0:05:24 clinical care on college campuses.
    0:05:27 And it was just in my community.
    0:05:28 I was just seeing these students who are really struggling
    0:05:30 and realizing, hang on, my field has some strategies we can use
    0:05:34 to do better, to feel better, to feel less depressed and anxious.
    0:05:37 And so I developed this class to like teach students
    0:05:39 these strategies retrained in the science of happiness
    0:05:43 and put together the class.
    0:05:44 And that was when everything changed for me
    0:05:45 because the class went totally viral on campus.
    0:05:49 We had a quarter of the entire Yale student body
    0:05:52 signed up to take the class.
    0:05:53 Well, and you did a Coursera thing too, right?
    0:05:54 And then we put four million downloads or something.
    0:05:56 Yeah, every time we put out content, people flock to it.
    0:05:59 I think it’s because people want to be happy,
    0:06:01 but also people are struggling right now.
    0:06:03 There’s legit things in 2024
    0:06:05 that are making us all feel overwhelmed and burned out
    0:06:09 and scared.
    0:06:10 And what’s the root?
    0:06:11 Obviously, there’s band-aids and then there’s the root cause.
    0:06:14 When you did your research, where did you begin
    0:06:17 and how did you start to assess out what’s causing all this
    0:06:20 and why now?
    0:06:20 I wish there was like a silver bullet
    0:06:23 because it would make it so easy
    0:06:24 because we could just get rid of whatever that thing was
    0:06:26 and make everybody.
    0:06:27 Even the iPhone?
    0:06:27 Yeah, the iPhone, right, yeah.
    0:06:29 Technology is probably part of the answer here.
    0:06:32 And I should say, it’s not just…
    0:06:34 I think everybody points a finger at social media.
    0:06:36 I actually think it’s deeper than that.
    0:06:37 I think it’s these devices that we have
    0:06:39 that often steal our attention away from real-world things.
    0:06:43 And if you plot those rates of depression,
    0:06:45 I was just mentioning,
    0:06:46 and you plot a number of iPhones in teen pockets,
    0:06:49 like the one where they look perfectly…
    0:06:51 Oh my God.
    0:06:52 Correlation doesn’t equal causation, obviously,
    0:06:54 but it looks pretty bad, right?
    0:06:55 Yeah.
    0:06:56 One of the things technology promised us,
    0:06:58 especially phones in our pockets,
    0:07:00 was connecting with other people,
    0:07:02 being social in real life.
    0:07:03 Right.
    0:07:04 And I think what’s shocking is that how much we use it
    0:07:06 to not be social in real life.
    0:07:08 We’re here having this conversation
    0:07:09 in Austin by Southwest.
    0:07:11 And if you walk around this conference
    0:07:13 where there’s so many interesting things to see and do,
    0:07:15 you’ll see a bunch of people sitting around
    0:07:17 scrolling like this on there.
    0:07:17 Oh, 100%.
    0:07:18 They pay to come interact with these amazing people.
    0:07:20 And there’s this opportunity cost
    0:07:22 where we’re hanging out on this tiny screen all the time.
    0:07:25 And that, I think, has real psychological consequences.
    0:07:29 Liz Dunn, who’s a professor at UBC,
    0:07:30 does these studies where she just checks
    0:07:33 what happens to people’s social interactions
    0:07:34 when they have their phones with them versus not with them.
    0:07:37 She measures these subtle things like how often
    0:07:39 people smile at one another.
    0:07:41 She finds that smiling decreases like 30%
    0:07:43 when your phone’s around.
    0:07:45 Because you’re not even looking at the people around you.
    0:07:47 You’re just locked into your phone.
    0:07:49 What’s causing that, though?
    0:07:50 What do you think the phone provides?
    0:07:52 Because if you’re having a real intimate friend conversation,
    0:07:56 someone’s struggling, you’re sitting down with them,
    0:07:58 you’re grabbing a beer or something, that’s meaningful to me.
    0:08:02 It feels much deeper than a chat.
    0:08:04 But what is it that’s pulling people–
    0:08:06 South by, for example, they have the ability to go and connect
    0:08:11 and laugh, have fun, hang out.
    0:08:13 But yet they’re choosing the device over the humans,
    0:08:16 which, in theory, the human connection
    0:08:19 should be more powerful.
    0:08:20 But yet the phone is winning.
    0:08:22 Why?
    0:08:23 So I think the phone wins for two reasons.
    0:08:25 One is it’s just easier.
    0:08:27 If I’m at South by and I have to talk to someone,
    0:08:29 you’re standing up and be like, hey, how did you come to South by?
    0:08:32 What are you doing?
    0:08:32 There’s this teeny friction.
    0:08:34 Whereas my phone, there’s no friction.
    0:08:35 I just pull it out and there’ll be something interesting.
    0:08:37 And I think we’re worse at the friction than we have been,
    0:08:40 because we’re out of practice at it.
    0:08:41 I think older folks like us, because of COVID,
    0:08:43 I think our young people just never do it in the same way
    0:08:46 that we grew up doing it.
    0:08:47 If they go to pick their friend up at their house,
    0:08:49 they don’t go knock on the door and have to talk to mom.
    0:08:51 I’m like, where’s Joey?
    0:08:52 They just text, like, I’m outside, come.
    0:08:54 I think younger individuals have less practice with that friction.
    0:08:58 So I think friction is one thing.
    0:08:59 But I think we just forget how interesting our phones are,
    0:09:02 like how much cool crap is on it.
    0:09:04 But your brain doesn’t forget.
    0:09:05 Your brain knows.
    0:09:06 Liz Dunn, who I just mentioned, she’s this analogy.
    0:09:08 She uses, like, imagine to this conversation
    0:09:10 instead of bring my cell phone, which is in my pocket right now.
    0:09:12 I brought this big wheelbarrow.
    0:09:14 And in the wheelbarrow is printouts of every email I’ve had
    0:09:17 since 2005, like big DVDs with everything that’s on YouTube,
    0:09:22 from cat videos to porn, printouts of everything Donald Trump
    0:09:25 and Biden has said in the last week.
    0:09:27 CDs of every song that’s on Spotify.
    0:09:29 And this big wheelbarrow that went up into the sky.
    0:09:31 You and I would want to have a conversation,
    0:09:33 but you’re going to be like, oh, let me–
    0:09:34 I just want to take a real quick pick at that cat video or whatever.
    0:09:37 Your brain’s not stupid.
    0:09:38 Your brain knows that full wheelbarrow.
    0:09:40 And much, much more that I don’t have time to say
    0:09:43 is on the other side of that phone.
    0:09:45 You’re super interesting.
    0:09:46 It’s fun, but I don’t know.
    0:09:46 Are you as interesting as every cat video out there, right?
    0:09:49 Yeah.
    0:09:49 And so I think we’ve created this enormous temptation
    0:09:53 for our attention that’s in the pockets
    0:09:56 of billions of people around the world.
    0:09:57 And we don’t know psychologically what that’s doing to us.
    0:09:59 One question I have for you, Instagram, our TikTok Reels.
    0:10:03 Reels to me are the most addicted thing,
    0:10:05 because as the algorithm fine-tunes itself,
    0:10:08 it’s fine in the dumb stuff that I lack my ass off at.
    0:10:11 Back in the day, I’m old enough now to remember before pre-cell phone.
    0:10:14 Pre-cell phone, you would have one of these moments
    0:10:17 once a week with your friends where someone
    0:10:19 would fall out of a chair, something hilarious would happen,
    0:10:22 and you would laugh your ass off.
    0:10:24 And it was like, that was so awesome that we all experienced that.
    0:10:27 And you laugh about it for years to come.
    0:10:28 Now I’m having that moment every 30 seconds.
    0:10:32 So the reward that I’m getting every 30 seconds
    0:10:35 is like those rewards that I used to get once a week.
    0:10:38 And it’s just like non-stop.
    0:10:41 And so here I am being entertained to the nth level
    0:10:44 like that I absolutely love.
    0:10:46 And then when I don’t have that any longer,
    0:10:49 now I have to sit with my feelings and my emotions and everything else.
    0:10:53 And the things that I don’t like,
    0:10:54 is that part of the issue, do you think?
    0:10:56 There’s some evidence that things like boredom,
    0:10:59 proneness is going up, that when we have this moment
    0:11:02 where we can’t whip out our phones and look at our Reels,
    0:11:04 we feel this intense, terrible boredom.
    0:11:07 But also the stakes get higher
    0:11:09 because we have this being hit on the funniness stuff every 30 seconds.
    0:11:13 And these algorithms are making that even more frequent
    0:11:15 and even more powerful a dopamine hit.
    0:11:18 It means that like real life just hasn’t kind of caught up.
    0:11:21 My husband’s a philosopher.
    0:11:22 We have great dinner party conversations,
    0:11:24 but he doesn’t have an algorithm in his brain
    0:11:26 that’s tracking what I find funny and super interesting
    0:11:28 and updating every 30 seconds to give me content that I like.
    0:11:32 And I think that means that temptation-wise,
    0:11:34 we’re really pulled to the screen world, the TikTok world.
    0:11:37 If you think of like our psychological nutrition,
    0:11:39 actual psychological joy we get out of it,
    0:11:42 we get this sort of quick dopamine hit from the TikTok.
    0:11:45 But as soon as you put it down, you feel gross and lonely
    0:11:48 and maybe overwhelmed and a little dizzy or whatever.
    0:11:51 Whereas you don’t get that from talking to people.
    0:11:53 I think this is something that’s just neuroscientifically
    0:11:55 like just like super fascinating, which is our reward systems are weird.
    0:11:58 And we don’t necessarily go for and crave the rewards
    0:12:02 that are going to make us feel the best in life.
    0:12:04 There’s this interesting neuroscientific disconnect
    0:12:07 between systems that code for wanting versus liking.
    0:12:11 So if I had this long dinner with my husband,
    0:12:13 we had this intense conversation, I’ll like that.
    0:12:14 I’ll feel really connected to him afterwards.
    0:12:16 That will feel really pleasurable for me.
    0:12:18 But I don’t actually want that or crave that
    0:12:21 in the same way I might for the next reel
    0:12:22 in like a TikTok series, right?
    0:12:24 Like that I crave, I really want.
    0:12:26 But if you were to kind of measure in my pleasure centers
    0:12:28 whether or not I liked it,
    0:12:30 I might get that like quick hit off of liking it.
    0:12:32 But it’s not a deeper liking.
    0:12:34 And it turns out that this is just a feature of the brain
    0:12:36 that these circuits that code for wanting and craving
    0:12:39 and going after stuff are just different than liking.
    0:12:42 And that means there’s all this stuff we crave
    0:12:44 that we’ll spend money on.
    0:12:46 We don’t end up liking in the end.
    0:12:47 It also means there’s all this stuff we really
    0:12:49 probably will like that we don’t have craving for.
    0:12:52 Like deep social connection or a contemplative time
    0:12:55 where you’re just kind of present
    0:12:56 or even to a certain extent exercise and moving your body.
    0:13:00 I think some people get the craving for exercise,
    0:13:02 but like I’m just not one of those.
    0:13:03 I have to work at it and force myself to do it all the time.
    0:13:06 – And then you get into it.
    0:13:07 – So I feel like if we could just line up the brain systems
    0:13:10 for wanting and liking, we’d be better off.
    0:13:12 But what makes companies money is algorithms
    0:13:14 that just tap into the wanting.
    0:13:15 They don’t really care about the liking.
    0:13:17 – In my mind, it’s not any one thing.
    0:13:19 I have to feel it has to be a composition
    0:13:22 of different aspects of life and interactions
    0:13:26 and things that we do to create the perfect stew of happiness.
    0:13:31 Is that accurate to say?
    0:13:33 TikTok’s not gonna make me happy.
    0:13:34 Deep conversations with my wife aren’t gonna check
    0:13:37 every single box that I have.
    0:13:39 What does that composition look like
    0:13:40 and how do you actually teach that to people?
    0:13:42 – Part of it’s just overcoming the misconceptions
    0:13:44 we have about the stuff that we think
    0:13:46 is gonna make us happy, but isn’t gonna work, right?
    0:13:48 So in our young people today,
    0:13:49 they think the main thing in that big composition pile
    0:13:51 is money.
    0:13:51 If I could have money and fame, then I would be fine.
    0:13:54 And it is true that if you don’t have any money,
    0:13:56 then getting some money is important.
    0:13:58 You get your basic needs sorted.
    0:13:59 But the evidence suggests that once you do that,
    0:14:01 more and more infinitely,
    0:14:03 it doesn’t have a kind of infinite slope on your happiness.
    0:14:05 – Kerry talks about this a lot.
    0:14:06 – Yeah.
    0:14:07 – It’s fantastic.
    0:14:07 – And that’s like the kind of money and fame, right?
    0:14:10 ‘Cause I think we all put that up there.
    0:14:11 So that’s one that I think we kind of get wrong.
    0:14:13 I think even like selfish material pursuits,
    0:14:16 we think happiness is about me.
    0:14:18 The evidence seems to suggest if you look at happy people,
    0:14:21 are much more other oriented.
    0:14:22 They do nice stuff for other people.
    0:14:24 They’re really focused on other people’s happiness.
    0:14:26 It seems like that’s kind of a path to doing it better.
    0:14:29 And so a lot of what we do when we try to teach the composition
    0:14:31 is that you think this works, but it’s not that.
    0:14:34 And then come around to like, what is it really?
    0:14:37 And it seems to be really based in other people.
    0:14:39 – Like a path of service?
    0:14:40 – A path of service, but just being around other people.
    0:14:43 If you look at very happy people,
    0:14:45 and the way people do this is we do these happiness surveys
    0:14:48 on these like well-validated psychometric measures.
    0:14:51 So you can say like, okay, these subjects
    0:14:52 are self-report being very happy.
    0:14:55 What are they doing differently?
    0:14:56 And what you find is they spend a lot of time
    0:14:58 with other people.
    0:14:59 Their actions tend to be focused on other people.
    0:15:02 So they’re kind of thinking about other people a lot.
    0:15:04 They don’t spend a lot of time on screens.
    0:15:06 They spend more time just proportionately in real life,
    0:15:09 whether that’s being present, walking around outside
    0:15:11 or something. – Touching grass, yeah.
    0:15:13 – Yeah, touching grass, moving around.
    0:15:14 And they tend to have paths of purpose, right?
    0:15:17 So they have a set of values that they’re moving towards.
    0:15:19 So their actions when they’re not towards other people,
    0:15:21 if they’re like at work or volunteer or whatever,
    0:15:24 they’re really trying to do something
    0:15:26 that fits with their values that’s meaningful.
    0:15:28 – That’s a tough one because so many people,
    0:15:31 they’re stuck in a job that they don’t enjoy.
    0:15:33 – And this is, I think, of course,
    0:15:34 we need to take into account.
    0:15:36 There’s real inequalities when it comes
    0:15:37 to the pursuit of happiness.
    0:15:38 It’s way easier for some people than others
    0:15:40 to do things they find meaningful
    0:15:42 and go after their values.
    0:15:44 But one of the reasons I like the actual research
    0:15:45 on pursuing your values is that it shows
    0:15:47 that many of us can get crafty about how we think
    0:15:51 of doing things that match our values
    0:15:55 in all kinds of different jobs.
    0:15:57 So one of my favorite lines of work on this
    0:15:58 is this professor, Amy Rizninski,
    0:16:00 who’s at the University of Pennsylvania.
    0:16:02 She does all this work on what she calls job crafting,
    0:16:04 which is you take your regular job description
    0:16:07 and you infuse whatever your values and strengths are,
    0:16:09 whether that’s creativity or bravery
    0:16:11 or their social connection or persistence or learning
    0:16:15 or whatever it is, she does most of her work
    0:16:17 in hospital janitorial staff workers.
    0:16:20 So these are people who are cleaning up
    0:16:22 the linen in a hospital room.
    0:16:24 And what she finds is that between 20 to 30% of them
    0:16:27 say that their job is a calling.
    0:16:28 They don’t hate their job, they love it.
    0:16:30 They wouldn’t change it for anything.
    0:16:32 And when she digs into what they’re doing,
    0:16:34 they’re taking their normal job description
    0:16:36 and finding a way to add this meaningful thing in.
    0:16:38 – Is it a calling then or is it in addition
    0:16:41 of something that creates a calling?
    0:16:43 – One example she has is this guy who worked
    0:16:46 in a chemotherapy ward and this crappy thing.
    0:16:49 But having cancer and having to get chemo as you get sick,
    0:16:51 his main job was like cleaning up vomit
    0:16:53 because people throw up on the floor.
    0:16:54 And he said, yeah, I have to do that.
    0:16:56 But like my main thing is I like humor
    0:16:58 and I like making people laugh.
    0:16:59 These people have like such a crappy life right now.
    0:17:02 – If you can see the cracked smile, that’s his day.
    0:17:03 – And he had like his whole standard.
    0:17:04 So his standard joke, I guess was like,
    0:17:06 he makes fun of, oh, you vomit it again.
    0:17:08 I’m going to get overtime.
    0:17:08 You keep throwing up this week.
    0:17:10 Let’s work it out.
    0:17:11 But then the person last, he’s like, that’s my job.
    0:17:13 She talks about another staff member
    0:17:16 who worked in a coma ward.
    0:17:17 She couldn’t talk to the patients
    0:17:19 because the patients all are in comas.
    0:17:20 But she would move the art around
    0:17:22 or plants like this little plant that were sitting near here.
    0:17:24 She’d like move the succulents around the room
    0:17:26 to get creative.
    0:17:27 That was how she found meaning in her work.
    0:17:29 And so, Riznicki’s stuff basically says,
    0:17:31 look, even in the kind of narrowest, perhaps crappiest job,
    0:17:36 you can find ways to bring in your values.
    0:17:38 And what’s cool about her work
    0:17:39 is you might assume if you were a manager of these people,
    0:17:41 you’d be mad at the chemo guys.
    0:17:42 You know, chat with the people and not cleaning up.
    0:17:45 But what she finds is that managers self report
    0:17:47 that these workers are doing the best job
    0:17:49 at their real job description because they love their job.
    0:17:52 They’re like in a good mood.
    0:17:53 They’re not slacking off and trying to go to the break room.
    0:17:55 They want to engage because they’ve figured out a way.
    0:17:58 And that’s why I love her work.
    0:17:59 It really suggests to look any of us good job craft.
    0:18:01 We just have to get creative about ways to fit stuff in.
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    0:20:05 One question about that.
    0:20:06 How much shaming comes from employment?
    0:20:11 Like I’ll give you an example.
    0:20:12 When I traveled to Japan,
    0:20:14 I always seek out small little artisans
    0:20:16 that are the best at their craft.
    0:20:18 And I met this guy one time in Tokyo
    0:20:21 that is known for aging coffee beans.
    0:20:24 And so he has coffee beans that are 10, 15 years old.
    0:20:27 It takes him about 20 minutes to make a single cup of coffee
    0:20:30 because he does this insanely slow, poor process
    0:20:34 that just takes forever.
    0:20:35 So he can probably do, I would say,
    0:20:38 maybe 20, 25 of them a day.
    0:20:40 And you have to be lucky enough to get in.
    0:20:42 And the price is about seven US dollars.
    0:20:46 Was it good?
    0:20:46 It was fantastic.
    0:20:48 And he wears a bow tie and he dresses up
    0:20:50 and he’s dressed to the nines.
    0:20:52 And there is so much pride in what he does.
    0:20:57 And not only pride in what he does,
    0:21:00 but pride from the community as well
    0:21:03 and a respect for someone that just hones their craft.
    0:21:08 I don’t think we have that here.
    0:21:11 Yeah, capitalism isn’t awesome
    0:21:13 about respecting those kinds of things.
    0:21:15 She’s like, oh my god, well, if we could train other people
    0:21:18 to do it and then make a machine
    0:21:20 that would get really great and stuff.
    0:21:21 We’ll scale it.
    0:21:22 So I think a couple of things.
    0:21:23 One is I think Riznensky’s work shows
    0:21:25 that within the scope of people’s typical job descriptions,
    0:21:29 you don’t have to have a job like that guy to find meaning.
    0:21:31 But if you are that guy and you have a craft
    0:21:33 that allows you to get meaning,
    0:21:35 it is the case that adding these extrinsic rewards on top of it
    0:21:39 winds up screwing up your feelings towards it.
    0:21:41 And I think we don’t need to be a guy
    0:21:42 with that kind of level of talent and specific skill.
    0:21:46 Take the normal enjoyable pursuits we have like running.
    0:21:49 You get a Fitbit and now all of a sudden,
    0:21:51 you get obsessive about it.
    0:21:52 It’s no longer the kind of internal reward
    0:21:54 you got from the running.
    0:21:55 I watch this in my students who want to say like,
    0:21:57 oh, I’ll have my side hustle.
    0:21:59 At first the side hustle was just like,
    0:22:01 you did some art or you designed it because it was fun.
    0:22:03 And now you have a due date at Thursday at 7 p.m.
    0:22:06 and you hate it because you’ve got to rush to do it.
    0:22:08 All the joy has been stolen from it.
    0:22:10 So I think it is the case that as we add these extrinsic rewards
    0:22:14 onto the stuff we care about, all of a sudden it feels yucky.
    0:22:18 And I think this is one of the reasons
    0:22:19 we’re seeing so many increases in depression and anxiety,
    0:22:22 particularly among our teens and our young people.
    0:22:25 Because we’ve taken a lot of the fun stuff that kids did
    0:22:27 and turned it into like a LinkedIn resume building
    0:22:30 or college application building process.
    0:22:32 Kids used to just play soccer,
    0:22:33 but now it’s like, well, you got to be on the soccer team.
    0:22:35 Oh, it’s extracurricular.
    0:22:37 Well, that’ll look good for–
    0:22:38 – So you think that’s a big piece of it.
    0:22:38 – Totally.
    0:22:39 I think part is that they don’t have any time anymore.
    0:22:41 This is another thing as we talk about the recipe
    0:22:44 for a happy life, free time and what social scientists
    0:22:47 these days are calling time affluence,
    0:22:49 the sort of fact that you’re wealthy in time,
    0:22:51 you seem like you have a lot of time,
    0:22:53 such an important part of our well-being.
    0:22:55 And that, you know, I mean, younger kids,
    0:22:57 like the kids are just so busy.
    0:22:58 They have a played date that has to happen at one o’clock
    0:23:00 and we got to drive in traffic to get there.
    0:23:02 And so we’re kind of changing around what used to count
    0:23:06 as intrinsic rewards and was just fun.
    0:23:08 And we’re kind of turning it more extrinsic and more scheduled.
    0:23:12 And those features make it less enjoyable.
    0:23:14 – Have you seen any old Mr. Rogers quotes
    0:23:17 when he’s interviewed by Charlie Rose?
    0:23:20 He says one of the greatest gifts that he’s received
    0:23:23 is the gift of silence where he has that decompression time.
    0:23:27 And he’s very well known for I studied Mr. Rogers quite a bit
    0:23:30 because I love that guy.
    0:23:31 And I think he was enlightened.
    0:23:32 I think he just didn’t know it.
    0:23:33 – Totally, yeah.
    0:23:34 – And he used to swim every single morning.
    0:23:36 And that was like his time, his silence.
    0:23:39 And he didn’t miss a beat.
    0:23:40 He would go and swim for an hour.
    0:23:42 I wonder how do we reintroduce silence into our everyday life?
    0:23:48 My youngest, who’s five now, when I let her watch Daniel Tiger
    0:23:53 ’cause it’s based on Mr. Rogers, which is a great show.
    0:23:56 And so we do get them some iPad time, not for games,
    0:23:59 but more so for educational content.
    0:24:02 She loves elephants.
    0:24:02 So she watches elephants, like actual elephant documentaries
    0:24:05 and stuff.
    0:24:06 One got attacked by a tiger the other day.
    0:24:08 And I was freaking out.
    0:24:08 I was like…
    0:24:09 – Danny Tiger is going to be destroyed.
    0:24:10 – Yeah, well this is a real elephant getting attacked by a hyena.
    0:24:13 And I told my wife, “Did you check the rating on this
    0:24:14 before we put this on?”
    0:24:16 But anyway, when she is not doing something,
    0:24:19 a common thing that comes out of her mouth is, what do I do?
    0:24:22 The show’s over, what do I do?
    0:24:24 Like, how do you handle that?
    0:24:27 – I mean, I think we’ve all, including our kids,
    0:24:29 including five-year-olds, have gotten bad at being bored, right?
    0:24:33 There’s like a real irony to that,
    0:24:34 given that you can handle a device with every
    0:24:37 your kid’s TV show in the history of the world on it.
    0:24:40 I think we should have thought when we got all these technologies
    0:24:42 that what would happen is boredom would be a thing in the past.
    0:24:45 You’ll hear this term “bored.”
    0:24:46 Our kids should be like, “What is boredom, dad?
    0:24:48 What is that?”
    0:24:48 – Right, it’s like an ancient technology.
    0:24:50 – This is an ancient thing.
    0:24:50 We used to sit silently and didn’t know what it felt like.
    0:24:53 But I think if anything, our kids are more bored than ever,
    0:24:56 as soon as the stimulation stops.
    0:24:58 And that’s, I think, the irony of it.
    0:25:00 I grew up like bad ’70s TV watching Mr. Rogers.
    0:25:03 If you watch Mr. Rogers for the half hours on TV in the late ’70s…
    0:25:07 – Well, my kids can’t watch it.
    0:25:08 – So they need it to be faster.
    0:25:09 They need it to be infinite.
    0:25:11 And I think we’ve kind of developed this world
    0:25:12 where we never have to be bored.
    0:25:14 But what boredom is is…
    0:25:16 So all negative emotions really have a good evolutionary purpose.
    0:25:20 Natural selection wouldn’t build this stuff in.
    0:25:21 Boredom, sadness, loneliness, if it wasn’t for something.
    0:25:25 And so I think boredom is our cue that like,
    0:25:27 “Oh, I should go out and do something stimulating.
    0:25:30 I should find something meaningful.
    0:25:31 I should find purpose.”
    0:25:32 Whereas when we can kind of slap the screen band-aid on our boredom,
    0:25:36 it means we never have to feel it long enough to find
    0:25:39 what we really want to do.
    0:25:40 And I worry about this in kids.
    0:25:42 I worry about this in adults too.
    0:25:43 I’ll watch myself when I have those spare moments.
    0:25:46 And I’ll grab my phone.
    0:25:47 Mine is in Instagram reels.
    0:25:48 It’s actually just scrolling through Reddit, embarrassing.
    0:25:50 – You read it, huh?
    0:25:51 – Yeah, just like, you know, there’s always a next page
    0:25:53 and there might be something cool on it.
    0:25:54 But that means I never have these moments where I sit quietly
    0:25:58 and have ideas or think about things or have insights or…
    0:26:02 – The best insights actually, those shower moments are real.
    0:26:05 – So the advice, actually, you mentioned Mr. Rogers and swimming.
    0:26:08 The advice I get from a lot of these kind of experts
    0:26:10 on sort of finding silence is actually to swim, to take a bath,
    0:26:14 take a shower.
    0:26:15 Because when you’re in water, whenever I have phones,
    0:26:16 I’m terrified that like our phone technology
    0:26:18 is going to figure out how to be in the shower.
    0:26:21 – It was funny.
    0:26:22 I just got one of those cool plunges from my house,
    0:26:23 which I absolutely love in terms of like just giving you a hit
    0:26:27 of just energy and peace.
    0:26:29 Fantastic.
    0:26:30 Mine came with an iPhone adapter on the side.
    0:26:31 I was like, “Oh, shit, it’s everywhere.”
    0:26:34 – Well, I remember, I mean, again, I’m old enough to remember
    0:26:37 when we had the internet and we had like a little Wi-Fi,
    0:26:39 but it wasn’t phones, it wasn’t everywhere.
    0:26:41 I remember being on trains before trains had Wi-Fi.
    0:26:44 And it was such a good concentrated work time and thinking time
    0:26:49 and you just watch the world go by.
    0:26:51 Now the Amtrak has Wi-Fi.
    0:26:52 It’s great in the sense that I get work done
    0:26:54 and I can connect with things and not be bored on the train.
    0:26:57 But you’ve lost something important.
    0:26:59 – You’ve lost looking at the window and seeing all the beauty.
    0:27:02 – Exactly.
    0:27:03 We don’t notice how much of that time we’ve lost in the last 10 years.
    0:27:06 One of my favorite indicators of how little time we spend
    0:27:09 not looking at our screens is apparently in the last 10 years,
    0:27:12 sales of gum, like grocery store sales of chewing gum have gone down.
    0:27:17 I forget what it is, but it’s like 200 or 300% and you’re like,
    0:27:19 “Why does that matter?”
    0:27:21 When do you usually buy chewing gum?
    0:27:22 You’re in the line, you’re bored, you’re looking around,
    0:27:25 you’re like, “Oh, chewing gum, I’ll grab it and buy it.”
    0:27:27 Impulse purchases of that form have gone down
    0:27:30 because we’re not noticing this stuff anymore
    0:27:31 because our heads are very dense.
    0:27:33 – I don’t even pay attention to what’s around.
    0:27:34 Checking out, you don’t even look anymore.
    0:27:36 – Again, I’m old enough to remember lines long,
    0:27:38 you grab the magazine, flip through the magazine,
    0:27:40 you’re like, “Oh, maybe I got a little candy or whatever.”
    0:27:42 But that doesn’t exist anymore.
    0:27:45 What else are we missing?
    0:27:46 That’s also the time when I might smile at my neighbor in the line
    0:27:49 or have a quick chat with someone.
    0:27:50 A lot of the evidence suggests those little tiny things
    0:27:53 of little noticing.
    0:27:54 I’ll notice the girls in line with,
    0:27:56 “Oh, she’s got such a cute dress.”
    0:27:57 These little hits of delight and joy in the real world
    0:28:01 are psychologically much more nutritious than whatever hit
    0:28:04 I’m going to get in that line in 40 seconds
    0:28:06 scrolling through Reddit.
    0:28:07 – What are your thoughts on perfection or perfect moments?
    0:28:10 One of the things that drives me a little crazy
    0:28:13 is I see these Google ads that talk about
    0:28:16 their camera capabilities with AI.
    0:28:17 And it’s like, “Hey, if you don’t like that person
    0:28:21 that was behind the camera,
    0:28:22 use the magic eraser and circle them.”
    0:28:24 And they disappear.
    0:28:26 And in my mind, I’m never going to do that
    0:28:28 because that wasn’t real.
    0:28:29 That literally didn’t happen.
    0:28:32 There was a person standing there.
    0:28:34 He literally wiped out someone’s existence.
    0:28:36 If you’re old enough to have old film like photographs
    0:28:39 when you were a kid and you flip through them,
    0:28:42 some of the most interesting things for me
    0:28:43 are always like, “What was on my desk?”
    0:28:45 I have a couple of photos of me when I was younger
    0:28:47 messing around with computers
    0:28:48 and I have some CD-ROM sitting on there.
    0:28:49 I was like, “Ooh, what did they have on there?
    0:28:51 Oh, there was a little smudge here.
    0:28:53 Let me remove that.
    0:28:54 Is that having a negative impact on us?”
    0:28:56 Because it seems like there’s this projection
    0:28:59 of perfection, luxury, money
    0:29:03 that is just everywhere we look
    0:29:06 and it creates these expectations
    0:29:08 that in order to be happy,
    0:29:09 I have to have that lifestyle or look that way.
    0:29:13 The quick scrolling of just random funny cat videos.
    0:29:16 Yeah, maybe worse, right?
    0:29:18 For all kinds of reasons.
    0:29:19 One metric that those kinds of technologies
    0:29:22 are fueling perfectionism
    0:29:24 is lots of research showing that perfectionism is going up.
    0:29:27 If you look since the ’80s to now,
    0:29:29 there are like 30 to 40% increases
    0:29:31 in the amount of perfectionism
    0:29:32 our young people experience.
    0:29:34 But it’s not all forms of perfectionism.
    0:29:36 So there’s like kind of three kinds of perfectionism.
    0:29:39 One is, I expect myself to be perfect.
    0:29:40 So it’s my standards applied to myself.
    0:29:42 There’s a kind of other focus, perfectionism,
    0:29:45 which is I expect you to be perfect.
    0:29:46 Think of the jerk boss who forces their employees.
    0:29:48 Your kids, right?
    0:29:49 They’re all going up.
    0:29:50 But the one that’s going up most
    0:29:51 is what’s called socially prescribed perfectionism,
    0:29:54 which is I think everyone else wants me to be perfect.
    0:29:58 I think everyone else wants me to be rich
    0:30:00 and have the perfect body.
    0:30:01 And never be off in a photo.
    0:30:03 We kind of think the world is watching us
    0:30:06 and the world has expectations on us.
    0:30:08 And it turns out that’s a form of perfectionism
    0:30:10 that’s most insidious
    0:30:11 because it makes us feel like my worth depends on my looks
    0:30:16 and my job and my wallet and all these things.
    0:30:18 And I’m sure that’s even amplified when you’re younger
    0:30:21 and you’re identifying who you are,
    0:30:23 what your belief systems are.
    0:30:26 And then this is being shoved in your face
    0:30:29 as being like, hey, this could be a value.
    0:30:30 I remember again, aging myself and all these domains,
    0:30:33 but I remember flipping through Seventeen Magazine.
    0:30:35 And I was like, wow, this is what teen girls like me
    0:30:37 are supposed to look like.
    0:30:38 They’re supposed to have this body and this amount of stuff.
    0:30:40 But I closed the magazine and went out with my friends.
    0:30:43 I didn’t have a thing ding in my pocket
    0:30:44 that was telling me these things.
    0:30:46 And even the Photoshop tools
    0:30:47 that those Seventeen Magazine people had back in the day
    0:30:50 are nothing like the tools that we have today.
    0:30:53 And those tools are in the pockets
    0:30:54 of all my mean girl middle school friends
    0:30:56 who are posting their pictures online.
    0:30:58 And so I think the perfection that we see in the world
    0:31:01 has started to become embodied.
    0:31:03 And the perfectionism, we think the world expects of us.
    0:31:06 And then the data are kind of bearing this out.
    0:31:08 I also think it’s just messing with our memories, right?
    0:31:11 I think we want the perfect shot of what things looked like.
    0:31:14 But then those becomes the metrics
    0:31:16 by which we measure ourselves later on.
    0:31:19 We’re having this conversation at South by,
    0:31:20 and I did the thing where you pose
    0:31:22 in front of the South by mural with my friends.
    0:31:24 Somebody else took the picture for us.
    0:31:26 It wasn’t a selfie.
    0:31:26 And I looked at it and I was like, oh, kind of,
    0:31:28 I don’t like the hair.
    0:31:29 I was going to do it.
    0:31:29 But I was like, wait a minute.
    0:31:30 Like, that’s what I look like here.
    0:31:32 If I perfect this photo, it’s just
    0:31:33 going to make me misremember what was happening.
    0:31:36 And it’s going to make me feel like crap
    0:31:37 whenever I look at that photo.
    0:31:38 Normally, my hair is not going to be distribution,
    0:31:41 like two sigma perfect hair every day.
    0:31:43 There’s going to be other kinds of hair.
    0:31:44 I think that’s part of the reason
    0:31:45 why when you see people with selfie sticks
    0:31:48 and you run into an influencer from afar
    0:31:50 and you watch them take the same photo like 30 times.
    0:31:53 And you’re like, whoa, something is driving them to say,
    0:31:57 this has to be absolutely perfect, which is insane.
    0:32:00 This seems exhausting to me.
    0:32:02 Totally.
    0:32:03 They also look like a jerk, right?
    0:32:04 Look at all these videos of the inflator.
    0:32:06 I’m the main character.
    0:32:07 Those are so funny, by the way.
    0:32:08 These are accounts dedicated to people
    0:32:09 taking photos of themselves, which in a horrible way,
    0:32:12 I think it’s hilarious.
    0:32:13 But it is a sign that we can’t just accept ourselves
    0:32:16 on photo number one.
    0:32:18 We have to make it perfect.
    0:32:19 But when we do that, we’re really
    0:32:20 missing out on the memories and what these things are
    0:32:23 going to look like later.
    0:32:24 Absolutely.
    0:32:25 I want to take it two directions, one with kids
    0:32:27 and one with adults.
    0:32:28 When an adult comes to you and says, I’m having a hard time,
    0:32:33 I don’t know what my future is.
    0:32:34 Maybe I’m midlife crisis mode.
    0:32:36 I’m having these issues.
    0:32:38 I’m trying to find happiness.
    0:32:39 What are your strategies?
    0:32:42 If you were a therapist, how do you unpack where they are
    0:32:45 and how do you get them to a better place?
    0:32:48 Well, one is just to normalize it.
    0:32:49 Just to be like, yes, you and literally everybody else.
    0:32:52 One thing, especially for folks like us in midlife,
    0:32:54 to remember is that happiness tends
    0:32:56 to have this sort of U-shape curve.
    0:32:58 So it starts off good when you’re young and you’re a kid.
    0:33:00 You tend to be pretty happy.
    0:33:02 And then you get to midlife and it kind of sucks.
    0:33:04 I think the nadir varies depending on the study.
    0:33:06 But the best estimate I’ve seen is 48.6.
    0:33:09 So where’s you’re going to be?
    0:33:10 48.6?
    0:33:11 Oh, she’s not quite there yet.
    0:33:13 I know.
    0:33:13 I just passed it after 49.
    0:33:15 But then the good news is it gets better
    0:33:16 as you get into older adulthood.
    0:33:18 So I think one thing is just to be like,
    0:33:20 that’s just what happens.
    0:33:21 It’s just how this goes.
    0:33:22 I think the second thing is with the sciences
    0:33:24 is lots of strategies you can engage in to feel better.
    0:33:27 Oftentimes, one of the reasons midlife is so unhappy
    0:33:31 is that people are really busy.
    0:33:33 You might just need to focus on feeling less time-famished
    0:33:36 and find some time affluence.
    0:33:37 Take stuff off your plate.
    0:33:39 Try to take time to just rest and be–
    0:33:41 What are strategies for that, though?
    0:33:42 For someone that says, hey, I have these conversations
    0:33:45 with my wife all the time around this idea of work-life balance
    0:33:49 or being able to do things that they teach our kids
    0:33:51 at school, the things that fill your bucket.
    0:33:53 How do you get people to make that change?
    0:33:55 Well, one is to just get more time.
    0:33:57 If you have some discretionary income,
    0:33:59 you can spend the money to get back time.
    0:34:01 Research by Ashley Willens at Harvard Business School.
    0:34:03 She’s fabulous.
    0:34:04 This whole book called “Time Smart”
    0:34:05 on all these strategies to get more time.
    0:34:07 Her work shows that the more you spend money
    0:34:10 to get back time, the happier you are.
    0:34:12 Like hire a cleaning service.
    0:34:13 Or you pay the neighbor’s kid to mow the lawn.
    0:34:16 Or you get takeout.
    0:34:17 We go to restaurants and get food a lot of the time.
    0:34:19 But we don’t realize.
    0:34:20 We don’t think of it in terms of time savings.
    0:34:22 You go get pad thai that’s noodles.
    0:34:24 You have to chop up and look at the recipe or whatever.
    0:34:26 That’s an hour and a half.
    0:34:27 What did you do with that?
    0:34:28 Let me push back on that for a second, because I’m curious.
    0:34:31 Thich Nhat Hanh, Buddhist monk.
    0:34:33 Are you familiar with his work?
    0:34:34 One of the things that he says is to wash the dishes.
    0:34:36 Is to wash the dishes.
    0:34:38 That sounds weird to people.
    0:34:39 But what it actually means is,
    0:34:41 rather than have your mind be in 1,000 other places,
    0:34:44 you are dedicated fully in your being to being okay with being
    0:34:50 in this present moment and spending your time washing the dishes.
    0:34:54 And how peaceful that is.
    0:34:56 But it becomes peaceful if you feel time-athlete enough
    0:34:58 to wash the dishes.
    0:34:59 The problem is most people are not doing that.
    0:35:01 They’re washing the dishes while they’re taking a conference call.
    0:35:04 Yeah.
    0:35:04 Or they see it as a task that is just beneath them or something.
    0:35:07 So the key is like, with the time saving,
    0:35:09 what you want to do is get rid of your unwanted task.
    0:35:11 The Buddhist monks are right.
    0:35:12 We could take any task and make it one that is mindful
    0:35:15 that we can enjoy and see the beauty in.
    0:35:17 But when you are so overwhelmed,
    0:35:19 you look at your calendar and there’s a day like that,
    0:35:21 you’re not even going to brush your teeth with that kind of moment of presence.
    0:35:24 Everything’s like, “Wah!”
    0:35:25 And so the key is if you can get some of that off your plate,
    0:35:28 especially the stuff that you really genuinely don’t like to do.
    0:35:31 Like I like cooking.
    0:35:32 I wouldn’t want to offload.
    0:35:33 I mean, I don’t have money to hire a private chef or whatever,
    0:35:35 but I wouldn’t want to offload that even if I could.
    0:35:37 But I freaking hate the dishes.
    0:35:38 If I could get somebody to unload the dishwasher, that’s great.
    0:35:41 It’s not to get rid of all these tasks where you could be in the moment,
    0:35:44 but if your schedule is so frantic that you can’t do that
    0:35:47 and you’re lucky enough to have some discretionary income to do that,
    0:35:50 you can offload those tasks.
    0:35:52 Actually, research is cool because she actually does it at different income levels
    0:35:55 and she finds if you have any discretionary income,
    0:35:58 however you spend that to save time,
    0:36:00 whether it’s like hire the neighbor’s kid to clean up the yard or something,
    0:36:03 that can actually be helpful.
    0:36:04 An even better one though is to make good use of what’s called time confetti.
    0:36:08 So journalist Bridget Schultz has this term time confetti,
    0:36:11 which is like the five minutes in the grocery store at line
    0:36:14 or the 10 minutes when your kid falls asleep early
    0:36:17 and you’ve got a little extra.
    0:36:18 She suggests that you need to use that well.
    0:36:20 The problem is we blow it off.
    0:36:21 We look at TikTok.
    0:36:22 Whereas if I use that to take a breath, text a friend, get my bearings.
    0:36:28 A call a friend.
    0:36:29 A call a friend.
    0:36:29 Moving your body is a huge thing for happiness exercise.
    0:36:32 You might do the seven minute in your time to work out if you get seven minutes.
    0:36:35 This way of using our time confetti well.
    0:36:39 That’s what I was going to ask you because it’s one thing to say,
    0:36:41 okay, I’m going to hire someone to mow the lawn.
    0:36:44 But if you just then go and sit down and do TikTok.
    0:36:46 Exactly.
    0:36:47 There’s no upside there.
    0:36:48 If someone says, hey, and we can take this to students as well,
    0:36:51 they’re like, hey, I’m depressed.
    0:36:52 I’m having a hard time here.
    0:36:54 Obviously, depression is something to take very seriously.
    0:36:57 So I mean, you want to seek out professional help ASAP.
    0:37:01 But aside from that, in terms of tangible things that people can do,
    0:37:05 if you had to stack rank them, maybe this is an impossible thing for you to do.
    0:37:10 But like, would you say walks outdoors?
    0:37:13 Social connection will be really high on the list.
    0:37:15 How about nature?
    0:37:16 Doing something for all that nature, nature bathing is a thing,
    0:37:19 not as much in this country, but in other countries.
    0:37:21 Forest bathing in Japan is huge.
    0:37:23 Move your body exercise.
    0:37:25 Honestly, for most young people, sleep.
    0:37:27 I actually think we could solve most of the young people mental health crisis
    0:37:29 if we could just get them to sleep a little bit more.
    0:37:31 So those are all behaviors.
    0:37:33 In terms of mindset, we can do a lot of hacks.
    0:37:35 So scribble in a gratitude journal.
    0:37:37 Take some time to be a little bit more present.
    0:37:39 Screen away and just like, what does this room look like?
    0:37:41 We’re in this beautiful space.
    0:37:43 We have these black walls.
    0:37:44 I could look at them.
    0:37:45 Just that moment of I’m present, I’m embodied, and I’m here can be a lot.
    0:37:49 Are you a meditator?
    0:37:50 I’m supposed to be a meditator.
    0:37:52 I do meditate sometimes.
    0:37:54 I don’t meditate enough as I should.
    0:37:55 I take a lot of walks.
    0:37:57 I walk to work.
    0:37:58 And even though I’m a podcast or a web podcast,
    0:38:00 I try not to listen to podcasts.
    0:38:02 I try to have no music and just be present on my walks,
    0:38:05 which isn’t meditation per se,
    0:38:07 but it’s my form of being present and being with my thoughts and noticing.
    0:38:11 But meditation is a huge one.
    0:38:12 And again, one that is worked by Hedy Cooper and others is showing
    0:38:15 that you don’t have to do it Buddhist monk style like hours a day.
    0:38:19 Five minutes can have these huge benefits,
    0:38:22 especially even to novice meditators who’ve never done it before.
    0:38:25 I have a friend, I would say she’s addicted to information,
    0:38:29 whereas like when she goes on a walk, she has to listen to audiobooks.
    0:38:33 It’s almost always audiobooks where it’s like 10 a month, perfecting things.
    0:38:37 Is that a thing as well?
    0:38:39 Is that a bad habit?
    0:38:40 They’re all opportunity costs.
    0:38:41 Far be it from me.
    0:38:42 I mean, they’re probably people listening right now walking around.
    0:38:44 Yeah, yeah, yeah.
    0:38:45 Keep the podcast going.
    0:38:46 Keep the podcast going.
    0:38:47 At least this one.
    0:38:47 That means you might not be noticing what’s on your walk
    0:38:50 or having free time to kind of let your mind wander.
    0:38:53 I think it becomes a problem when there’s anxiety and you can’t not have it.
    0:38:57 I watched this happen.
    0:38:58 We’re having this conversation a few weeks ago.
    0:39:00 I remember there’s like this AT&T crash where the cell phone tower went out
    0:39:03 and none of the Wi-Fi was working.
    0:39:04 You couldn’t get on your email.
    0:39:06 You couldn’t get on anything.
    0:39:07 And I was just watching people like the heroin Jones, man,
    0:39:10 where they were like tapping of like, why is my iPhone not working?
    0:39:13 Maybe I got to get on the network.
    0:39:14 You couldn’t do the walk without some information.
    0:39:17 It’s not so much that this stuff is bad.
    0:39:19 It’s when this stuff becomes the only way you can interact.
    0:39:23 And it’s important to ask yourself, what else?
    0:39:26 What am I missing out on because I’m doing this?
    0:39:28 How much do hobbies play a role in happiness?
    0:39:32 I took a pottery class one time.
    0:39:34 Beautiful.
    0:39:34 Yeah, I’m really present.
    0:39:36 You’re kind of in it.
    0:39:36 Super present.
    0:39:37 You have to pay constantly paying attention to what’s going on,
    0:39:40 especially if you’re using a wheel.
    0:39:41 Are there habits that you see?
    0:39:43 I mean, obviously we talked about exercise and running.
    0:39:45 That’s the huge one.
    0:39:46 Are there other habits that people pick up that tend to lead to good outcomes?
    0:39:51 One of the reasons the pottery is so powerful is that the presence part.
    0:39:54 You’re there.
    0:39:54 You’re not using your phone.
    0:39:55 It’s forcing you to be mindful.
    0:39:57 Another is that you’re learning.
    0:39:58 You’re sort of bad at it.
    0:39:59 So your growth curve is kind of high.
    0:40:01 And that puts you in a state of what researchers like Mihai Cheeks at Mihai
    0:40:05 call flow, where the challenge is kind of high,
    0:40:08 but you’re getting skills that can do it.
    0:40:10 And you have to fully pay attention.
    0:40:12 And flow states wind up being incredible states for our well-being.
    0:40:15 You don’t initially have to get it through pottery.
    0:40:17 You can get it through making bread or skiing.
    0:40:20 Or the key is that you’re doing something that like it’s hard.
    0:40:23 You have to have your attention, but you kind of are building skills of the same time to do it.
    0:40:28 Those flow states feel great.
    0:40:29 But I think another thing about the pottery is my guess is you weren’t doing it as like a side hustle
    0:40:33 to sell your pots or something.
    0:40:35 It was purely for the entertainment of it.
    0:40:37 And I think these days it’s hard for us to find these things that we do purely for the entertainment of it.
    0:40:43 It’s really easy to get competitive about it or to stick a number on it
    0:40:47 or to want to monetize it somehow.
    0:40:49 And every time we stick those extrinsic rewards on something,
    0:40:53 it makes it less intrinsically enjoyable.
    0:40:55 There’s this large psychological phenomenon that extrinsic rewards crowd out intrinsic rewards.
    0:41:01 So if you like give somebody a grade for something or you’re going to get paid for your pottery
    0:41:05 or I’m going to rank it or rate it, all of a sudden you’re not doing it
    0:41:09 because it was fun and you had flow and you’re enjoying it.
    0:41:11 Especially when it comes to bringing friends into tasks.
    0:41:15 Like if you offer to pay a friend to help you move versus actually can you talk about that a bit?
    0:41:21 Yeah. So we kind of don’t understand how rewards work.
    0:41:24 It’s kind of the general feature of psychology.
    0:41:26 We’re just like there’s so much stuff we have misconceptions about that we stick our feet in it.
    0:41:29 When do we get it wrong?
    0:41:30 And so you’d assume that like adding a reward to something would make it good.
    0:41:34 If you like doing pottery, I’m like, let me pay you to do pottery.
    0:41:36 Then you get the liking of the doing pottery plus you’re getting paid.
    0:41:39 You’re your friend’s going to help you move.
    0:41:41 They’re going to help me move and I’ll pay them and it’ll make it better.
    0:41:43 But it turns out these extrinsic rewards undermine it.
    0:41:46 Like your friend, if you tried to pay them, like how much was that worth your time?
    0:41:49 What’s your hourly rate? Oh, I’ll give you $450 or whatever it is.
    0:41:52 They’d be like, nah, I was doing it for love.
    0:41:55 For what I wanted to do it for love.
    0:41:57 And so these backfire effects are kind of clever.
    0:41:59 There’s a very famous one of a daycare center that had the problem where parents were kind of
    0:42:03 showing up a little late and the parents would feel guilty, but it sucked for the daycare center.
    0:42:07 And they’re like, you know what we’re going to do?
    0:42:08 We’re going to charge parents every time parents come in late.
    0:42:10 Like $10 or something.
    0:42:11 $10.
    0:42:12 A hundred percent of the parents that come in late.
    0:42:13 Because now they’re like, okay, I get it. I can just pay.
    0:42:15 So we’re in the transactional mode as opposed to you’re just helping me and it’s out of your
    0:42:19 guilt and your enjoyability.
    0:42:20 We have this interesting internalized capitalism and how we think motivation works.
    0:42:24 We think, oh, I’ll pay people more or I’ll give someone a reward.
    0:42:27 And what that does is it makes people’s normal reasons for doing something kind of go away.
    0:42:32 I think this is part and parcel of why we’re having all these discussions about things like
    0:42:36 quiet quitting and so on and why there’s sort of a disconnect sometimes between
    0:42:40 the way young people think about work and old people.
    0:42:43 Whereas we’ve gotten so involved in thinking about the value of our work as a monetary thing.
    0:42:48 We’ve sort of missed out that sometimes the value of our work is like
    0:42:51 a deep intrinsic reward thing or like the value we get out of doing a good job and so on.
    0:42:56 But that goes away when you’re so focused on the monetary side of it.
    0:43:00 We see this, I think, in our young people with grades where
    0:43:02 I think there was a time when school was about learning.
    0:43:05 You know, it’s fun and because learning is fun, right?
    0:43:07 We kind of like doing these things.
    0:43:08 You slap a grade on something all of a sudden it becomes not enjoyable.
    0:43:12 It was really old work in the 70s by the psychologist Susan Harder
    0:43:15 had kids doing these like anagrams and puzzles.
    0:43:18 So they’re doing these kind of fun puzzles.
    0:43:20 But then she has some kids get grades for them.
    0:43:22 And what she finds is that when kids start getting graded for them,
    0:43:24 they don’t enjoy them anymore.
    0:43:26 Before the grade, they’re smiling and having fun and they’re enjoying it.
    0:43:29 Now with the grade, they think it sucks.
    0:43:31 And when you give them choices of which puzzles to pick,
    0:43:33 the ones who are getting graded pick the easiest ones.
    0:43:36 Because they’re like, well, my god, I’m just trying to get the best grade.
    0:43:38 Whereas if you don’t have grades, you pick the hardest ones that you can do
    0:43:41 because you’re like, I’m only doing it because it’s fun.
    0:43:43 Yeah, it’s challenging.
    0:43:44 And if you don’t win, who cares?
    0:43:46 It was just like a good challenge.
    0:43:47 Yeah.
    0:43:48 And so I think our mistaken theories of motivation sometimes
    0:43:51 wind up meaning that we take something that’s fun
    0:43:54 and we give it something like a ding, a cost, a grade, a payment,
    0:44:00 a Christmas bonus or whatever.
    0:44:02 And then we just make it less enjoyable.
    0:44:04 And you make people perform worse
    0:44:06 because they’re just trying to do it the fastest possible to get the grade.
    0:44:09 What do you think about, I had heard this term a while ago
    0:44:12 and I don’t know how it applies to your research,
    0:44:14 but there was this idea floated of experience stretching.
    0:44:17 The frame to me was that you go out and you’re in Hawaii,
    0:44:22 you’re in a beautiful place and you see this amazing sunset
    0:44:25 and you’re like, God, that was just a beautiful sunset.
    0:44:27 Next day, same thing happens.
    0:44:29 This time somebody hands you a Mai Tai at the same time.
    0:44:32 You’re like, oh, damn, this Mai Tai is good.
    0:44:34 This sunset’s great.
    0:44:36 This is an even better experience.
    0:44:37 And the next day you can level up from there.
    0:44:39 Someone hands you a cigar, whatever your poison is,
    0:44:42 or doesn’t even have to be a poison,
    0:44:43 but they add to the experience.
    0:44:45 And then all of a sudden, the next time you’re presented
    0:44:48 with just a simple sunset, you go back to, well, it was better
    0:44:52 if I only had those two extra, three extra things.
    0:44:55 You stretch that out.
    0:44:57 Once you’re stretched, how do you pull that back in?
    0:45:00 And is that a real thing?
    0:45:01 Totally.
    0:45:02 This is what psychologists call hedonic adaptation.
    0:45:04 You’re sort of on this hedonic treadmill
    0:45:06 and you just get used to stuff.
    0:45:08 Hedonic, like hedonism?
    0:45:10 Like hedonism, right?
    0:45:11 I mean, it’s a fancy way of saying we get used to stuff.
    0:45:13 You see the sunset the first time, that’s great.
    0:45:15 You see it the next time, it’s okay,
    0:45:17 but it’s not maybe as good as the first time.
    0:45:19 You experience stress, you know, just get sunset,
    0:45:21 but you get sunset in Mai Tai.
    0:45:23 Or if you just have a Mai Tai, you’re like,
    0:45:24 where’s Mai Tai?
    0:45:24 Where’s Mai Tai with it?
    0:45:26 And so this is the sad thing about great experiences in life
    0:45:29 because we get used to them and they become the new standard.
    0:45:32 Once you have an amazing experience,
    0:45:34 it like kind of ruins experiences for you for the rest.
    0:45:38 So you can, and one of my favorite strategies is
    0:45:40 it actually goes back to the ancient Stoics.
    0:45:42 They had this idea they called negative visualization
    0:45:45 where they thought every morning
    0:45:46 you should just take five minutes of the meditation
    0:45:48 to think that all these terrible things are going to happen.
    0:45:51 My wife is going to leave me.
    0:45:52 I’m going to lose my job.
    0:45:53 I’m going to not be able to walk.
    0:45:55 My car is going to get hit.
    0:45:56 This isn’t like hours and hours of ruminating about.
    0:45:58 This is just one moment about it.
    0:46:00 My favorite one, the one that’s most effective,
    0:46:01 I use this in talks sometime is you mentioned you have kids.
    0:46:04 Imagine right now, last time you saw your kids,
    0:46:07 it’s the last time you’re going to see them.
    0:46:08 They’re gone.
    0:46:09 That some terrible things happened.
    0:46:11 Oh, Jesus, why you got to do this to me?
    0:46:12 But I bet the next time you see them, you’re going to go back.
    0:46:16 It seems like that’s an evil practice.
    0:46:17 No, it causes you to notice all the good things.
    0:46:20 The kid one is all terrible, right?
    0:46:21 But like, let’s take my phone.
    0:46:23 I lost it, right?
    0:46:23 Did I leave it in the car?
    0:46:24 Did I leave it at the restaurant?
    0:46:25 Where is it?
    0:46:26 Found it in 10 minutes.
    0:46:26 I’m like, oh my God, all my photos are in there.
    0:46:29 Have I backed them up?
    0:46:30 All my passwords are going to be such a pain in the ass.
    0:46:32 And I get my phone back.
    0:46:32 I’m like, oh, I wasn’t appreciating my phone at all.
    0:46:35 I had no gratitude for my phone before I lost it.
    0:46:38 But then you lose it.
    0:46:39 And the negative visualization is good
    0:46:40 because you don’t actually have to lose it.
    0:46:42 You just have this moment of like, what is this?
    0:46:44 What would this be like?
    0:46:45 Do you think travel helps with that?
    0:46:47 Travel to the countries where we don’t have as much?
    0:46:49 Totally.
    0:46:50 If you’re in a kind of luxury situation a lot,
    0:46:53 resetting the experience is good.
    0:46:55 Sometimes for talks and things like fly first class.
    0:46:58 I don’t want to always fly first class
    0:46:59 because then you get used to it.
    0:47:00 You got to go back and coach every once in a while
    0:47:02 because it makes you can’t do anything.
    0:47:04 You should try it.
    0:47:05 It’ll suck that time.
    0:47:06 But you stopped experiencing the benefit.
    0:47:08 I know.
    0:47:09 No, but this–
    0:47:10 I’m allowed one thing.
    0:47:11 You got to give me one thing.
    0:47:12 Yeah, you can’t.
    0:47:12 First class for me is like, if it’s a short flight, fine.
    0:47:16 But long flights, I can’t do it.
    0:47:18 No, it’s good.
    0:47:19 The next time you go back, though, you’re like, oh,
    0:47:21 I forgot.
    0:47:22 They bring the stuff in the glass, not the plastic.
    0:47:24 You don’t notice any of that now.
    0:47:26 If it’s too hard, you could do the negative visualization.
    0:47:29 Next flight, I want to be in coach and really think about it,
    0:47:31 like, oh, it’s a plastic glass and it’s really small.
    0:47:34 And then when you get like, oh, this is great.
    0:47:36 Yeah, we can use imagination to kind of break out
    0:47:38 of hedonic adaptation.
    0:47:39 Another one that I find–
    0:47:41 and this is, I think, why we get happiness so wrong.
    0:47:42 We assume if I had all these pleasurable experiences,
    0:47:45 it would continue to be pleasurable.
    0:47:47 But because we get used to stuff, the sunset with the Mai Tai,
    0:47:50 that experience stretch, feels good the one time it’s stretched.
    0:47:53 But we can’t.
    0:47:54 It’s unlikely that you’re going to be
    0:47:55 able to have the privilege of stretching infinitely.
    0:47:58 Yeah, a lot more times.
    0:47:58 Sometimes these extraordinary experiences
    0:48:01 make you feel worse.
    0:48:02 Also, these extraordinary experiences sometimes
    0:48:04 make you unable to connect with other people.
    0:48:07 I just had this at South Bye at my podcast company
    0:48:10 at this really cool private concert with folks
    0:48:12 for just like 30 people.
    0:48:13 And I got to see this amazing band
    0:48:15 that last played at Madison Square Garden privately,
    0:48:18 just standing there.
    0:48:20 I both had a wonderful experience.
    0:48:21 And then when I left, I was kind of like,
    0:48:22 this is going to literally ruin concert.
    0:48:24 I’m never going to be able to go back and be like,
    0:48:26 oh, you’re in row 20 now.
    0:48:28 You’re like, meh, it’s not as good.
    0:48:30 The other thing is, well, I’m going to go home.
    0:48:31 And people are going to be like, how is South Bye?
    0:48:32 I’m like, oh my god, I had this amazing.
    0:48:34 Then I feel like an asshole because they
    0:48:36 don’t have that experience.
    0:48:36 Well, that’s tough.
    0:48:37 And some people don’t have that filter.
    0:48:39 And if you just drop that on a friend,
    0:48:40 it’s like, that’s not a very thoughtful thing
    0:48:43 that can crush somebody else.
    0:48:44 There’s this evidence from Dan Gilbert and Matt Killingsworth
    0:48:48 that these so-called extraordinary experiences,
    0:48:50 like, do you get to fly to the moon
    0:48:52 or like go in space or have some amazing concert
    0:48:54 or Coachella private backstage?
    0:48:57 You think it’s going to be amazing,
    0:48:59 but actually it winds up doing two things.
    0:49:00 It winds up ruining all the other experiences you have
    0:49:03 because not everything’s going to be like Coachella backstage.
    0:49:05 And then it winds up making you feel kind of lonely
    0:49:08 because you can’t really share these experiences
    0:49:10 with other people.
    0:49:10 You feel sort of isolated.
    0:49:12 And this is the thing that happens
    0:49:14 to people who get these quick wealth windfalls,
    0:49:17 to people who win the lottery, wind up feeling incredibly lonely
    0:49:21 because it’s like nobody can share these experiences.
    0:49:24 In one of my podcast episodes of my podcast, The Happiness Lab,
    0:49:27 I interviewed this guy, Clay Cockrell,
    0:49:29 who’s a mental health professional
    0:49:30 who works with the .0001%.
    0:49:33 So he’s like super wealthy people.
    0:49:35 And they complain about things like,
    0:49:36 they can’t make any friends.
    0:49:38 One of them joined that kind of like regular guy,
    0:49:40 not super wealthy gym.
    0:49:42 And he was chatting with the guy like,
    0:49:43 oh, would you do this weekend?
    0:49:44 And the guy was like, oh, I tried out this new Mexican restaurant.
    0:49:46 What did you do?
    0:49:47 And he couldn’t admit like, I flew with my wife
    0:49:49 and applied her plane to Paris to try this new champagne.
    0:49:52 And here’s like a very similar experience.
    0:49:54 They both tried something, but he like felt like,
    0:49:56 I can’t tell somebody that.
    0:49:57 And so one thing we don’t predict about becoming extremely famous
    0:50:01 or extremely wealthy is like, you just can’t share that.
    0:50:04 Not that many people can come along with you on the ride.
    0:50:06 And so you feel so lonely.
    0:50:08 One thing that I do, I love that I have you here
    0:50:10 because I can throw out some curveballs your way
    0:50:12 that I’m personally struggling with.
    0:50:14 We can do just Kevin therapy.
    0:50:16 Thank you.
    0:50:16 I would love that.
    0:50:17 If you can get like something I can climb in
    0:50:20 and we can just do a full therapy session.
    0:50:21 I suck at a lot of things.
    0:50:22 But one thing that I’m pretty good at
    0:50:25 is seeing something and being grateful
    0:50:28 that I’m having that experience.
    0:50:29 I have this thing where when something bad happens
    0:50:32 in our household and it’s really not that big a deal,
    0:50:35 I’ll say to my wife, well, at least we have warm running water.
    0:50:39 And she hates that.
    0:50:41 She’s like, that’s not helping the situation.
    0:50:45 And I’m like, we live better than kings.
    0:50:47 Kings and queens did not have warm running water.
    0:50:50 Sometimes if you can frame it back to those times,
    0:50:54 you can just be like, yeah, I missed my FedEx package
    0:50:58 that I was hoping to get because it was going to be
    0:51:00 my weekend project, whatever.
    0:51:01 But I have warm water.
    0:51:03 It’s clean.
    0:51:04 There are people who are dying.
    0:51:05 Does that help or am I just being an asshole?
    0:51:07 So it helps, but you have to be ready for it.
    0:51:10 So I guess two things.
    0:51:11 One is what we don’t want to get into
    0:51:13 is the kind of toxic positivity.
    0:51:14 There are the FedEx packages that don’t come in.
    0:51:16 There are bad days.
    0:51:17 Why is that crappy?
    0:51:18 So it goes.
    0:51:19 I think you both want to have a moment
    0:51:21 to acknowledge that crappy, but then reframe it.
    0:51:24 I think we don’t want to get in a knee jerk
    0:51:25 of any negative emotion is bad
    0:51:27 because sometimes the negative emotions are normative.
    0:51:29 Maybe not about the FedEx package.
    0:51:31 That might not be it.
    0:51:32 Sometimes my wife, my child, a friend, a colleague
    0:51:35 will be having a negative emotion where I look at that.
    0:51:37 I’m just like, you’re just being ridiculous here.
    0:51:40 The world is not going to end because
    0:51:41 of what you’re saying right now.
    0:51:43 And I can’t relate.
    0:51:45 And so I should have some empathy
    0:51:47 for how they are feeling.
    0:51:48 And is that the way to do it?
    0:51:49 First of all, it’s part of the human condition.
    0:51:51 Sometimes we’re going to be frustrated.
    0:51:52 And actually, there’s some evidence
    0:51:53 that one of the things we want for this recipe
    0:51:55 of the happiest life is all the emotions.
    0:51:58 We want what researchers call psychologically rich life.
    0:52:00 You wouldn’t want a life where you didn’t have the home
    0:52:01 of like a damn FedEx.
    0:52:03 Sometimes our negative emotions are useful signals.
    0:52:05 If you’re frustrated with the FedEx,
    0:52:06 that might mean you need to like switch to a different company.
    0:52:09 Again, that’s a kind of narrow example.
    0:52:10 But if you’re looking at the news
    0:52:12 and you’re feeling really anxious,
    0:52:13 that’s telling you something about
    0:52:15 how you might want to get involved in the future.
    0:52:16 If you’re kind of feeling lonely
    0:52:18 or you’re feeling really overwhelmed is a huge one.
    0:52:20 You come home and you use the example
    0:52:22 of you talking to your wife.
    0:52:23 She’s slamming things around and feeling really stressed out.
    0:52:26 That’s not like, oh, we have running water.
    0:52:27 That’s like, oh, this is a useful signal
    0:52:29 that something’s off and we might need to rethink things.
    0:52:31 I say the running water thing and it does not land.
    0:52:33 I think compassion for the human condition
    0:52:35 and the question of what is this negative emotion
    0:52:37 trying to tell us.
    0:52:38 And sometimes she’s not trying to tell me anything.
    0:52:39 I could just reframe it and be fine.
    0:52:41 This is actually helpful to sort of pay attention to.
    0:52:44 Again, the ancients were so on top of this.
    0:52:46 The Stoics got it where you can update your negative emotions.
    0:52:49 But first take a quick look to see,
    0:52:51 is it telling you something interesting?
    0:52:53 Because I also watch the people who suppress every emotion
    0:52:56 or just rewrite everything.
    0:52:57 And that kind of gets you into toxic positivity landed.
    0:53:00 Yeah, that actually is my downfall as well.
    0:53:03 Because sometimes if I’m feeling something like that,
    0:53:06 I’ll say, well, I have running water,
    0:53:08 but I’m really just pushing it down a little bit.
    0:53:11 And then later, it manifests.
    0:53:13 When in aggregate, they all add up.
    0:53:15 And I’m like, oh, shit, I didn’t actually
    0:53:17 let that go the way I thought I was letting it go.
    0:53:20 That’s a challenging thing.
    0:53:21 Sometimes you have to look at the emotion to figure out what.
    0:53:24 The Buddhists had this lovely analogy for this.
    0:53:27 It comes with this parable that Buddha used to tell.
    0:53:28 So the parable is Buddha’s telling to his followers.
    0:53:31 He says, hey, if you’re walking down the street
    0:53:32 and you get shot by an arrow, is that bad?
    0:53:34 And the follower is like, yeah, it’s terrible.
    0:53:36 On Buddhist day, you just get shot by arrows or anything.
    0:53:38 But he’s like, well, if you’re walking down the street,
    0:53:40 you don’t get shot just by one arrow,
    0:53:41 but you also get shot by a second arrow.
    0:53:43 Is that worse?
    0:53:44 And the follower is like, yeah, it’s much worse
    0:53:46 to get shot by two than one.
    0:53:48 So Buddha says, the first arrow is life.
    0:53:50 We can’t control it.
    0:53:51 That’s the FedEx package that doesn’t show up.
    0:53:53 That’s the bad thing.
    0:53:54 But the second arrow is on us.
    0:53:56 It’s how we react to it.
    0:53:58 We control that second arrow.
    0:53:59 The key is that sometimes the way you don’t stab yourself
    0:54:02 with the second arrow is you regulate the emotion.
    0:54:04 You think of a thing you’re grateful for.
    0:54:06 You take a couple of deep breaths.
    0:54:07 You reframe it.
    0:54:08 But sometimes the way you don’t hit yourself
    0:54:10 with the second arrow is you don’t squish it down
    0:54:12 and let it ruminate.
    0:54:13 And it flies out later as many arrows
    0:54:15 that are going to hit everybody around you.
    0:54:17 A lot of your work has the word happiness in it.
    0:54:20 But would you say, in reality, that’s not the goal?
    0:54:24 Oh, totally.
    0:54:25 You’ve got to define happiness to figure out what I mean.
    0:54:27 I’m thinking of happiness as someone like Aristotle talked
    0:54:30 about you dying in the air.
    0:54:31 The good life, the meaningful life, the purposeful life.
    0:54:34 A life well lived.
    0:54:34 A life well lived.
    0:54:35 And for that moment, you might need to feel anxious
    0:54:38 or frustrated or challenged or stressed.
    0:54:41 There’s no such thing as normal.
    0:54:42 But real happy, joyous life would be the roller coaster.
    0:54:47 And in my mind, it would be the adaptability
    0:54:51 of the individual to survive the ups and downs
    0:54:55 rather than just be stuck totally down or way up.
    0:54:57 Because neither of those things are where you really
    0:55:00 want to be long term.
    0:55:01 Totally.
    0:55:02 Always joke with my students.
    0:55:03 You know that DJ Khaled song, All I Do Is Win.
    0:55:05 And I was like, that would be a terrible life.
    0:55:07 All you did is win.
    0:55:08 You just wouldn’t notice the goodness of the wins anymore.
    0:55:10 Well, then there’s no more winning.
    0:55:11 And there’s no more winning.
    0:55:12 And like you’d be absolutely anxious that you could maybe
    0:55:15 just lose by one point or something.
    0:55:17 Well, and if everything was winning,
    0:55:18 there’s no such thing as winning.
    0:55:20 Because that’s just normal.
    0:55:20 This is what we forget.
    0:55:22 This is Hedonic adaptation.
    0:55:23 If everything is luxury jets, then it’s not luxury jet
    0:55:26 anymore because that’s just how you transport.
    0:55:27 If everything is perfect champagne, perfect cigars,
    0:55:30 you don’t notice anymore.
    0:55:31 We need the ups and downs.
    0:55:33 And you can give you a thrill.
    0:55:34 So it’s ups and downs.
    0:55:35 You go back to coach.
    0:55:36 You can negatively visualize what it’s like.
    0:55:39 You can really try to remember and reframe other people’s
    0:55:42 lives and things.
    0:55:43 That’s the insidious thing about the good stuff in life
    0:55:46 as we get used to it.
    0:55:46 But it has a corollary, which is like,
    0:55:48 that’s also true for the bad stuff.
    0:55:50 Remember COVID when it was like that first week?
    0:55:52 And we’re like, we can’t do this.
    0:55:53 But then April, May, we were just making some bread.
    0:55:55 We were like sorting it out.
    0:55:56 My wine consumption went up a lot.
    0:55:58 At first I was like, OK, I’m not going to drink
    0:56:00 because I want my immune system to be as healthy as possible.
    0:56:03 And then I’m like, well, you know what?
    0:56:04 I’m going to die.
    0:56:05 Yeah, I’m going to drink.
    0:56:08 I remember thinking in March 15,
    0:56:09 like this doesn’t go away in like a week.
    0:56:11 I was wiping down my egg cartons with like Clorex shit.
    0:56:16 Were you doing that too?
    0:56:17 I remember going to the store and putting
    0:56:18 out all the like fruit and like with gloves on.
    0:56:21 Like washing all the eggs.
    0:56:23 That was so scary.
    0:56:24 Yeah.
    0:56:24 But one of the things that the psychology work teaches us,
    0:56:27 the worst possible thing that you think
    0:56:29 could happen in your life could happen.
    0:56:30 And it would be terrible, but you’d still be OK.
    0:56:34 And it would still have good parts.
    0:56:35 In my podcast, I talked to Dan Gilbert,
    0:56:37 who’s done work with people, for example,
    0:56:38 who’ve lost their kids, like a parent who’s a kid.
    0:56:40 Can you imagine the more terrible thing?
    0:56:42 I can’t even imagine.
    0:56:42 And he says, obviously, it was the most terrible thing,
    0:56:45 but I learned from it.
    0:56:47 I learned what matters.
    0:56:48 I’ve learned not to take things for granted.
    0:56:49 Even the worst possible thing is not like,
    0:56:52 oh, it comes with a silver lining.
    0:56:53 It makes you stronger.
    0:56:54 It kind of gives you this resilience.
    0:56:56 The downs teach us something, right?
    0:56:58 The downs allow us to get stronger.
    0:57:00 And I do worry that sometimes we think
    0:57:02 that a good life, a happy life.
    0:57:04 I think parents think this for kids is like no downs,
    0:57:06 no stress, no failure.
    0:57:08 Those things are important.
    0:57:10 It’s challenging.
    0:57:10 Some parents try to prevent failure in a way
    0:57:14 that they’re just trying to help the kid not hurt themselves
    0:57:18 or something.
    0:57:19 And in my mind, I’m like, on a one to 10,
    0:57:21 how bad are we talking here?
    0:57:22 Because if it’s anything over a four,
    0:57:25 I want to protect a little bit.
    0:57:26 But if it’s going to be a little scuff knee
    0:57:28 because you messed up in a way that every other kid
    0:57:31 has messed up, and it cements that learning,
    0:57:35 that to me is very important to try and get that perfection
    0:57:38 and just try and take out all the failure from a child,
    0:57:41 I think is a bad thing to do.
    0:57:43 Would you agree with that?
    0:57:44 Yeah, totally, totally.
    0:57:45 There’s this lovely book by Julie Lithcott Hames called
    0:57:48 How to Raise an Adult where she walks through these strategies
    0:57:50 and she says, parents are sometimes
    0:57:52 trying to parent for the like right now.
    0:57:54 You left your lunchbox at home.
    0:57:55 I’m just going to bring it to you.
    0:57:56 Or we got to get out the door and you haven’t
    0:57:58 totally learned to tie your shoes.
    0:57:59 I’m just going to tie them for you.
    0:58:01 No diss to parents.
    0:58:02 Like parenting is freaking hard.
    0:58:03 The modern day doesn’t make it easy.
    0:58:05 Sometimes you do have to parent for right now,
    0:58:07 but often we’re missing out on learning opportunities
    0:58:10 for our kids.
    0:58:10 Like you don’t bring them their lunch.
    0:58:12 They don’t have their lunch that day.
    0:58:13 So maybe they do spend six hours hungry,
    0:58:14 but they’re going to freaking remember their lunch the next time.
    0:58:18 And every time you fast tie their shoes for them
    0:58:20 because you got to get out the door,
    0:58:21 those are the learning opportunities.
    0:58:23 And so you might be five minutes late.
    0:58:25 That’s not great, but parenting for right now
    0:58:27 and just like solving in the moment,
    0:58:29 we’re not allowing our kids to screw up and learn.
    0:58:32 I think also sometimes two parents
    0:58:33 have to reasonably regulate their own distress about that.
    0:58:36 You see the lunchbox on the table and you’re like,
    0:58:38 I could intervene.
    0:58:39 Ultimately, the learning you’re going to miss out if you do that.
    0:58:43 It’s so hard for parents.
    0:58:44 It’s so hard to watch your kids suffer,
    0:58:46 but that’s part of being a good parent.
    0:58:48 They’re not going to die.
    0:58:49 Yeah.
    0:58:49 We’re coming up on time,
    0:58:50 but I did want to ask you a couple more questions.
    0:58:52 With the title of this podcast,
    0:58:54 it’ll have something in happiness in the title.
    0:58:57 There has to be a handful of people
    0:59:00 out there that are tuning in and they’re saying,
    0:59:01 I’m struggling right now.
    0:59:02 I’m at that down point and I’ve been there for a while.
    0:59:04 I know there’s the no-brainers.
    0:59:07 If it’s an emergency,
    0:59:08 there are hotlines to call if you’re suicidal.
    0:59:10 There’s things of that nature.
    0:59:12 But what are some tactics, some go-tos that said,
    0:59:14 I’m having more bad days than good days.
    0:59:17 How can I get myself out of this rut?
    0:59:19 If it’s really extreme, you got to go get a professional help.
    0:59:23 I think of a lot of the strategies we’ve been talking about here
    0:59:25 more as like preventative medicine.
    0:59:27 The analogy I use, if you walk into your doctor’s office,
    0:59:29 you’re like, I’ve got some high blood pressure.
    0:59:31 I’m not doing so.
    0:59:31 Well, your doctor might be like, hop on the treadmill
    0:59:33 or eat this thing or whatever.
    0:59:35 But if you walk into your doctor’s office clutching your heart
    0:59:37 saying, I’m having an acute heart attack right now,
    0:59:39 your doctor’s going to be like, well, hop on the treadmill.
    0:59:41 And do you need–
    0:59:42 And so if someone’s struggling,
    0:59:44 if you’re feeling acutely suicidal,
    0:59:46 definitely reach out to somebody.
    0:59:48 Even though your brain can’t see hope
    0:59:49 because that’s what depression does,
    0:59:50 it puts on these reverse rosy goggles
    0:59:52 that everything looks terrible.
    0:59:54 You will feel differently,
    0:59:55 even if you don’t feel that way.
    0:59:57 Like reach out and get help.
    0:59:59 But if you’re just–
    1:00:00 I’m feeling overwhelmed.
    1:00:01 I’m feeling more burned out.
    1:00:02 I don’t have a lot of pleasure in my life.
    1:00:04 I think the first thing to know is what the science shows
    1:00:06 is it doesn’t have to be that way.
    1:00:08 There are things you can do to do better,
    1:00:10 even if it doesn’t feel like it.
    1:00:12 I think the first thing is even if you don’t feel like it,
    1:00:14 reach out to a friend.
    1:00:15 Just go through your phone and find someone.
    1:00:17 Or if you don’t have anybody in your phone,
    1:00:19 no judgment, just like go to a coffee shop,
    1:00:21 get out in the world,
    1:00:23 and just try to have a conversation with a stranger.
    1:00:25 Even though it feels frictionny.
    1:00:27 Get off your phone.
    1:00:27 You can literally walk into a Catholic church
    1:00:29 and sit in a booth if you really needed to,
    1:00:31 even if you’re not Catholic.
    1:00:32 There’s so much work by researchers like Nick Epley
    1:00:34 and others that we assume people don’t want to talk to us,
    1:00:36 but people actually are fine to talk to us,
    1:00:38 much more than we think.
    1:00:39 And it’s much more enjoyable for them than we predict.
    1:00:42 His data suggests that even if you’re an introvert,
    1:00:44 the act of just having a calm conversation
    1:00:46 with a stranger is going to be better than you predict.
    1:00:49 There was this taboo around mental health,
    1:00:51 and then there still is.
    1:00:52 I’m uncomfortable with it
    1:00:53 because I’ve finally broken down those walls
    1:00:55 over a decade of therapy.
    1:00:57 And so I can call a friend and say,
    1:00:58 “Hey, I’m having a bad day.”
    1:00:59 How do you encourage someone that may say,
    1:01:02 “I don’t want to show that vulnerability.
    1:01:04 I don’t want to show that weakness.”
    1:01:06 Don’t start with that.
    1:01:06 That’s not how you lead.
    1:01:08 I would lead with asking other people questions.
    1:01:10 Ask how their day is going.
    1:01:12 How are your kids?
    1:01:12 I was just thinking about you
    1:01:14 and thinking about our old times.
    1:01:15 So you start by just making a connection.
    1:01:18 And my guess is so many things will happen physiologically.
    1:01:20 Your body will just kind of calm down.
    1:01:22 You’ll go into sort of more less fight or flight
    1:01:25 and more rest and digest mode.
    1:01:26 You’ll kind of get the conversation going.
    1:01:28 You’ll overcome that speed hump,
    1:01:29 bump up the first part of the talk
    1:01:30 where it kind of feels a little awkward.
    1:01:32 And then you get things going.
    1:01:33 And then you ask other people to be vulnerable first.
    1:01:36 Just like how are things, whatever,
    1:01:38 pick up on their questions.
    1:01:39 And then you can insert your stuff,
    1:01:41 researched by their surgeon general,
    1:01:42 Vick Murthy and others has found is one thing
    1:01:44 with loneliness is we don’t realize
    1:01:46 that we can reach out to other people.
    1:01:47 We can ask them how they’re going.
    1:01:49 We can give advice to them.
    1:01:51 And that makes us feel so much better.
    1:01:52 It’s not about me saying like,
    1:01:55 hey, I need some help right now.
    1:01:56 That’s not the call.
    1:01:58 It’s just starting the connection.
    1:01:59 And there probably is going to be a question about like,
    1:02:00 hey, well, what’s up with you?
    1:02:02 And you’re like, actually, I’m having a hard time.
    1:02:03 Yeah, exactly.
    1:02:05 Or you’ll just wind up feeling better
    1:02:07 if you’re helping somebody else
    1:02:08 and reaching out to other people.
    1:02:10 And honestly, we’re all struggling right now.
    1:02:11 It’s 2024, everything’s falling apart.
    1:02:13 Probably if you reach out to a friend,
    1:02:14 they’re going to want to check in with you.
    1:02:16 Everybody’s got their shit.
    1:02:17 Right. Yeah, exactly.
    1:02:18 So that would be thing number one.
    1:02:20 I think thing number two is just get out of the house,
    1:02:22 move your body.
    1:02:23 There’s never a time when I haven’t left the house
    1:02:26 that I haven’t felt a little bit better
    1:02:28 than like being my PJs on a screen, right?
    1:02:30 So get out and move your body.
    1:02:32 And the move your body doesn’t have to be run a marathon.
    1:02:34 It can just be like, just take a walk, just be outside.
    1:02:38 And if possible, even if it’s for 10, 15 minutes,
    1:02:41 just get away from your phone.
    1:02:42 Just be present in the world out there.
    1:02:44 All of a sudden, things will start feeling a little bit better.
    1:02:47 Those are some of my emergency go-tos.
    1:02:50 Get social, do for others, move your body.
    1:02:52 Those can be powerful.
    1:02:53 That’s fantastic.
    1:02:55 You have a podcast, is it weekly?
    1:02:57 What’s your cadence on that?
    1:02:58 We’re like trying to get close to weekly,
    1:03:00 but we’re not perfectly weekly.
    1:03:01 Tell us about that and what people can expect
    1:03:03 when they tune in.
    1:03:04 Yeah, it’s called the happiness lab.
    1:03:05 It’s all about strategies we can use to feel better.
    1:03:08 Is that the name of your actual lab?
    1:03:09 Is it happiness lab or no?
    1:03:10 Kind of, but we haven’t like patented it.
    1:03:12 But yeah, it’s happiness lab.
    1:03:14 Yeah, and we talk about all these things.
    1:03:15 We just finished a season on how to navigate,
    1:03:18 communicating better and love and with other people.
    1:03:20 We have a season coming up that’s about my happiness challenges
    1:03:23 that are like the stuff I struggle with.
    1:03:25 So things like stress and dealing with my time better,
    1:03:28 perfectionism, which we spoke about is going to be on there.
    1:03:31 It’s really just evidence-based approaches
    1:03:33 to handle all the stuff that comes up in life.
    1:03:35 Do you have a dedicated website where people can go and subscribe?
    1:03:37 Or just anywhere.
    1:03:38 Yeah, you can subscribe wherever you get your podcasts.
    1:03:40 Yeah, just turn the happiness lab.
    1:03:42 Amazing.
    1:03:43 I love that.
    1:03:43 Thank you so much for being on the show.
    1:03:44 Yeah, thanks for having me.
    1:03:45 This is fun.
    1:03:46 Yeah, this is absolutely fun.
    1:03:47 And it is the right time to be having these conversations.
    1:03:50 I’m so glad you have a podcast around it.
    1:03:51 We should mention your Coursera course.
    1:03:54 Four million people, is that right?
    1:03:56 Have you taken it?
    1:03:57 Yeah, the Science of Well-Being on Coursera.org.
    1:03:59 It’s kind of like a very short free version
    1:04:02 of the Yale class I teach.
    1:04:03 And because we’ve seen that a lot of young people need this stuff,
    1:04:06 we also have a new one called the Science of Well-Being for teens,
    1:04:08 which is for middle school and high school students.
    1:04:10 Is that something that’s publicly available
    1:04:12 or do you have to be going to Yale to actually get that?
    1:04:14 The Yale One Live, you go to enroll in Yale
    1:04:16 and pay the Yale money and stuff.
    1:04:17 But you get the free version on Coursera.
    1:04:19 It’s a shorter, not like 26-week version,
    1:04:22 but it covers all the relevant content,
    1:04:24 and you’ll learn exactly what the Yale students are.
    1:04:26 Any books in your future?
    1:04:27 I like the podcast because it’s so much of the happiness stuff,
    1:04:30 these tips that we’ve been talking about,
    1:04:32 with these short little narrative, short quick strategies.
    1:04:35 That’s what I like.
    1:04:35 I feel like that’s what people need in the moment.
    1:04:37 It’s like, I’m feeling frustrated.
    1:04:39 I’m feeling overwhelmed.
    1:04:40 I don’t have any time.
    1:04:41 You’re getting it out now versus waiting a year and a half
    1:04:43 – Exactly, exactly. – Yeah, amazing.
    1:04:46 Well, thank you for being on the show.
    1:04:47 – Thanks so much for having me.

    In this episode, Dr. Laurie Santos, a renowned happiness researcher, delves into the intricacies of what makes us happy. With over 35 million downloads, Laurie’s popular podcast has captivated audiences by exploring why young people are often unhappy, the habits of very happy people, and the impact of screens on our well-being. Join us as we uncover the evolutionary purpose of negative emotions, the importance of real-life interactions, and the surprising U-shaped curve of happiness throughout our lives.

    Show Notes with Timestamps

    [00:00:00] – Introduction: Exploring the vast topic of happiness[00:01:00] – Popular podcast with over 35 million downloads[00:02:00] – Why are young people so unhappy?[00:03:00] – Habits of very happy people: Spending time with others and less on screens[00:05:00] – Importance of real-life presence and outdoor activities[00:07:00] – Evolutionary purpose of negative emotions[00:09:00] – Role of boredom in finding meaningful activities[00:11:00] – Screens as a band-aid for boredom[00:13:00] – U-shaped curve of happiness from childhood to midlife[00:15:00] – Strategies for improving happiness in daily life[00:17:00] – The impact of gratitude on happiness[00:19:00] – Social connections and their effect on well-being[00:21:00] – The role of exercise in boosting happiness[00:23:00] – Mindfulness and its benefits[00:25:00] – Finding purpose and meaning in life[00:27:00] – The science behind positive psychology[00:29:00] – Common misconceptions about happiness[00:31:00] – Practical tips for cultivating happiness[00:33:00] – The impact of sleep on mood and happiness[00:35:00] – How to deal with negative emotions constructively[00:37:00] – The influence of diet on mental well-being[00:39:00] – The importance of setting realistic goals[00:41:00] – Overcoming societal pressures and expectations[00:43:00] – The role of creativity and hobbies in happiness[00:45:00] – Building resilience and coping with setbacks[00:47:00] – Conclusion and final thoughts on achieving happiness

    This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.kevinrose.com/subscribe

  • Never Feel Burnout Again with Cal Newport (#61)

    AI transcript
    0:00:00 How do you define productivity?
    0:00:01 That’s a tricky one.
    0:00:03 Cal Newport is a New York Times best-selling author.
    0:00:05 If you interrupt work, it’s going to make you fatigued.
    0:00:08 Are there people that are inherently good at multitasking
    0:00:12 or is that complete BS?
    0:00:13 We fool ourselves.
    0:00:14 The human body can’t do that.
    0:00:16 But I think the people who think they’re good at it,
    0:00:18 they’re just used to doing things basically at a mediocre level.
    0:00:21 Remote work.
    0:00:22 Remote jobs.
    0:00:23 Working from home.
    0:00:23 You’re working quote-unquote from home.
    0:00:25 I want, if possible, for where you work to not be in your hope.
    0:00:28 You’re trying to work in a cognitive environment.
    0:00:31 The thing that you need to fix is the laundry basket
    0:00:34 that reminds you that you have to be laundry.
    0:00:36 It’s a minefield of distraction.
    0:00:37 Open AI, your new technology.
    0:00:39 Do you think there is a world where AI gets involved
    0:00:43 that will unlock something new that we haven’t seen before?
    0:00:46 I think the future of AI is…
    0:00:48 So I’m absolutely addicted to rocking.
    0:00:51 That’s where you put this weighted backpack on.
    0:00:53 I’m doing four miles, probably five times a week.
    0:00:56 I actually saw a rattlesnake eat a lizard the other day.
    0:00:59 No joke.
    0:00:59 It was insane.
    0:01:00 Anyway, at the end of these workouts, as you can imagine,
    0:01:03 I’m just sweating an absolute a ton.
    0:01:05 It’s great cardio, but I need to replenish my electrolytes.
    0:01:09 But sadly, most of those replacement powders out there,
    0:01:11 they’re just packed with sugar that goes straight to your gut.
    0:01:14 Spikes are glucose.
    0:01:15 There’s nothing good about that.
    0:01:17 And that’s the reason why I use elements.
    0:01:19 There’s no sugar and it has the science-backed ratio
    0:01:22 of 1,000 milligrams of sodium, 200 milligrams of potassium,
    0:01:26 and 60 milligrams of magnesium.
    0:01:28 Not only no sugar, no coloring, no artificial ingredients,
    0:01:31 but there’s no gluten, no fillers, just no BS.
    0:01:34 And I got to say, a new product alert.
    0:01:36 Element has just released element sparkling.
    0:01:40 It’s the same zero sugar electrolyte formulation
    0:01:42 that you know and trust,
    0:01:43 but now in 16 ounce cans of sparkling water.
    0:01:46 And right now, Element is offering a free sample pack
    0:01:49 with any drink mix purchase.
    0:01:51 That’s eight single serving packets free
    0:01:53 with any element drink mix order.
    0:01:56 This is a great way to try out all eight different flavors
    0:01:58 and see which one you like.
    0:01:59 The deal is only available through my link.
    0:02:01 You must go to kevinrose.com/LMNT.
    0:02:04 And lastly, and this is the best part, it’s totally risk-free.
    0:02:06 So if you don’t like it,
    0:02:07 you can just share it with a salty friend.
    0:02:09 They’ll give you your money back.
    0:02:10 No questions asked.
    0:02:12 You have nothing to lose.
    0:02:13 Huge thanks to Element for sponsoring today’s show.
    0:02:15 One of my promises to all of you out there
    0:02:19 is that when I take on advertising partners,
    0:02:21 I want them to be actual products that I use.
    0:02:23 Things that are battle tested.
    0:02:24 Things that aren’t just somebody
    0:02:26 that’s pitched me something,
    0:02:27 but I’ve used them for months or years.
    0:02:30 And I can recommend them with complete confidence.
    0:02:32 And today’s sponsor, Copilot, is just that.
    0:02:36 Copilot is how I track my spending.
    0:02:38 It’s how I do my budgeting.
    0:02:40 Back in the day, I used to use an app called Mint.
    0:02:42 That’s no longer, they shut it down.
    0:02:44 By the way, if you’re a Mint user
    0:02:46 and you have all your data back there,
    0:02:47 Copilot has a really easy way
    0:02:49 that you can import all of your old Mint data.
    0:02:52 But the reason I like Copilot
    0:02:53 is because they use machine learning.
    0:02:55 So they categorize things very accurately.
    0:02:59 And they have this engine that you can actually train
    0:03:03 and automatically apply rules to transactions
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    0:03:41 Cal, so great to have you on the show.
    0:03:44 Well, Kevin, I’ve been looking forward to this.
    0:03:46 It’s good to meet you at last.
    0:03:48 I’ve read your work extensively.
    0:03:49 I think that your mission and what you talk about
    0:03:53 and what you preach is so important and so essential.
    0:03:57 And I certainly feel it personally.
    0:04:00 It resonates with me deeply because I struggle
    0:04:02 with a lot of the things that you are talking about
    0:04:04 in your new book, Slow Productivity.
    0:04:06 I’m glad to have you here so we can go through it.
    0:04:09 Yeah, excellent.
    0:04:10 Thanks for saying that.
    0:04:10 I’m excited to dig in.
    0:04:11 Yeah, I’ve been a startup entrepreneur for so long.
    0:04:14 And it’s this weird thing where as an entrepreneur,
    0:04:17 you never think that you’re doing enough.
    0:04:19 And even after I hand the startup off to someone else,
    0:04:22 and I try to be quiet, I try to be still for a bit.
    0:04:25 And I think that’s why meditation is a big part of my life.
    0:04:28 Because if I didn’t have that, how else could I slow down?
    0:04:30 And there’s this little background process
    0:04:33 that’s in my brain that says, we must do more.
    0:04:36 You must do more.
    0:04:37 You just have to keep going, keep going.
    0:04:39 We have this whole hustle culture that started here a while ago.
    0:04:44 And so to see this book come out, this is a true story.
    0:04:48 You guys were kind enough to send me a copy of the book.
    0:04:50 But I actually put it on Audible and I downloaded it a couple days ago.
    0:04:56 And I didn’t stop.
    0:04:57 Like I jammed through it because it resonated with me so deeply.
    0:05:01 I guess a great place to start rather than turn this into a therapy session
    0:05:04 where you just help me with my life problems.
    0:05:07 How do you define productivity?
    0:05:09 That’s a tricky one.
    0:05:10 I think that’s the problem.
    0:05:12 In some sense, the problem where we start the issues
    0:05:15 that are addressed in the book comes from exactly that question.
    0:05:18 How do we define productivity?
    0:05:20 This was a silent crisis in the knowledge sector.
    0:05:23 So the way I think about it is that when the knowledge sector became
    0:05:26 a real actual economic sector with some economic might,
    0:05:30 this would have been in the mid-20th centuries more or less,
    0:05:33 there was this crisis, which was there was definitions of productivity
    0:05:37 that we had since Adam Smith that were very quantitative and really clear.
    0:05:42 It was output produced per in unit of input that goes into the system.
    0:05:47 And typically there’s a well-defined production system that mediates between those two.
    0:05:50 So if you’re a farmer in the 17th century, you’re thinking,
    0:05:54 I’m producing this many bushels of wheat per acre of land cultivated.
    0:05:59 Here is how I’m cultivating my land.
    0:06:01 If I try now the Norfolk four-row system and that number goes up,
    0:06:05 this is a better way to do my land.
    0:06:07 Industrial manufacturing comes along this fits perfectly.
    0:06:09 This many model teas are being produced per paid labor hour, for example.
    0:06:15 I changed my production system from the craft system to the continuous motion assembly line.
    0:06:20 That number, which by the way, Ford measured, went up by a factor of 10.
    0:06:24 Okay, this is a better way to build cars.
    0:06:26 The way that Peter Drucker talks about it is basically the wealth on which the entire modern
    0:06:30 world was built in the late 19th, early 20th century came out of this thinking.
    0:06:35 So there’s like quantitative looking at production processes to figure out what worked better,
    0:06:39 created such leaps in production output per input that the surplus wealth is what defined
    0:06:45 the modern world, a world where we all have electricity, where there’s cars, two cars per
    0:06:49 family, like the wealth of the modern world actually came out of this idea.
    0:06:52 It’s a very powerful idea, but it doesn’t work for knowledge work because in knowledge work,
    0:06:57 everything’s much more ambiguous.
    0:06:59 So I could be individually working on seven or eight different things at the same time.
    0:07:04 It’s different than what the person next to me is working on.
    0:07:07 Another key factor of knowledge work when it emerges is there’s no well-defined production
    0:07:11 processes.
    0:07:12 How you organize and manage your own labor is intensely personal in knowledge work.
    0:07:16 So we coined this term personal productivity, like how you keep track of stuff, that’s none
    0:07:21 of my business.
    0:07:22 So there’s no systems to even tweak to see what makes things better.
    0:07:26 So what I argue happened is in the absence of these hundreds of years long, incredibly
    0:07:31 powerful quantitative definitions of productivity no longer holding, we fell back to a heuristic
    0:07:36 that I call pseudo productivity, which said, let’s just use visible activity as a crude
    0:07:41 proxy for useful effort.
    0:07:43 If I see you doing stuff, like coming in office, let’s work your eight hours a day.
    0:07:46 I want to have eyes on you working.
    0:07:48 If I see you’re doing stuff, it’s probably useful stuff.
    0:07:50 If we need to be more productive, let’s work longer.
    0:07:53 And so visible activity as a proxy for useful effort became this implicit metric for productivity
    0:07:59 that we just stumbled into because the stuff that worked wasn’t applying anymore.
    0:08:05 This kind of went away for a hot minute during COVID.
    0:08:08 And then you see companies like Apple coming in and saying, hey, you have to return to the
    0:08:14 office now.
    0:08:14 Like it’s time to quote unquote, get back to work.
    0:08:17 It’s backfiring a little bit.
    0:08:19 I don’t even think it went away during COVID.
    0:08:21 To me, the key inflection point in this story, I’m a computer scientist.
    0:08:25 I’m a technologist.
    0:08:26 I’m a part of this thing at Georgetown called the Center for Digital Ethics that my beat
    0:08:30 for the New Yorker is really technology and how technology affects us.
    0:08:33 I’m always seeing everything through the lens of technology.
    0:08:35 To me, the key inflection point of this story was the front office IT revolution.
    0:08:40 So we have personal computers that are networked, followed by mobile computing and then ubiquitous
    0:08:44 wireless internet.
    0:08:46 When this enters into knowledge work, I think this is when pseudo productivity begins to
    0:08:51 falter and really begins to spin off the rails because now demonstrations of visible activity
    0:08:57 can happen at this incredibly fine granularity because I have email and then I have Slack.
    0:09:02 How quick am I answering this?
    0:09:03 How many things am I working on?
    0:09:05 It’s not just I’m in the office and you can see me.
    0:09:08 It’s, okay, I got an answer to this email after two minutes.
    0:09:10 This Slack chat, you’re a part of this Slack conversation.
    0:09:14 Another sort of hidden thing that happened when personal computers were introduced into
    0:09:18 the front office, the amount of possible work you could be doing exploded.
    0:09:22 We forget the degree to which in like the 1980s and before, there’s a lot more specialization
    0:09:28 in knowledge work.
    0:09:29 Type is typed and there was a travel desk at the company that did travel booking and you
    0:09:34 probably had an assistant to handle communications and everything was much more specialized.
    0:09:39 After the personal computer, we basically fired most support staff and just said,
    0:09:43 do all the things yourself.
    0:09:44 So we had way more work than ever before and we could show visible activity at a much finer
    0:09:50 grain granularity than ever before.
    0:09:53 So when the pandemic hits, it almost doesn’t matter that we’re not in the office because
    0:09:57 we can visibly demonstrate activity digitally with emails with Slack with jumping on Zoom.
    0:10:01 It’s why a lot of people felt that even though they didn’t have to go to the office,
    0:10:04 there was no one looking over their shoulder.
    0:10:06 In theory, you had this whole dream of the way Tim envisioned remote work in 2007.
    0:10:11 I can do whatever during the day.
    0:10:13 That dream completely did not come to fruition because every minute of the day,
    0:10:17 you were still having to be answering things, jumping on things,
    0:10:21 being in calls, being on Zooms, answering Slack meetings.
    0:10:24 And so all the promised benefits for remote work in some sense didn’t come true
    0:10:28 because of technology plus shooter productivity.
    0:10:31 Fill in the gaps here and correct me if I’m wrong, but essentially the networked office,
    0:10:35 the networked front office, it really screwed us over because now all of a sudden,
    0:10:41 I am old enough now that I remember the days when networking was just coming online.
    0:10:46 And I was very young, but I could walk into an office.
    0:10:49 I remember my dad’s office and there’s no email, right?
    0:10:52 You would literally walk to someone else’s office and be like, hey, question about that thing.
    0:10:56 That was the way that you got stuff done.
    0:10:58 And now because of the explosion of productivity tools, a personal anxiety for me is always,
    0:11:05 am I on the latest, greatest, best one so I can be the most productive?
    0:11:09 That’s anxiety producing because you’re always having to hop tools.
    0:11:13 And then also there’s none of this downtime to really think,
    0:11:17 especially someone that’s more on the creative side,
    0:11:20 which I’ve always been on the product side of things.
    0:11:22 I need that downtime to be able to actually just process things,
    0:11:27 just let things stew a little bit, let things bake a little bit.
    0:11:30 And the number of emails I’ve sent saying, I’m sorry,
    0:11:34 it took me 24 hours to get back to you.
    0:11:37 It’s just thousands.
    0:11:38 That’s really kind of screwed up.
    0:11:41 Am I getting this right?
    0:11:42 Is that kind of what led to all of this?
    0:11:44 It’s a surprise and almost a paradox that the front office IT revolution
    0:11:49 did not make us more productive because the back office IT revolution, yes.
    0:11:53 Okay, we’re going to use computerized databases.
    0:11:56 We can have just-in-time inventory control systems.
    0:12:00 I can now electronically connect into the system in which we’re trying to get the logistics right
    0:12:05 for shipping things across the country, putting mini computers, micro computers,
    0:12:09 and eventually just servers into the back office, especially in the 70s and 80s,
    0:12:14 really was a productivity miracle.
    0:12:15 We could do a lot more than we couldn’t do before.
    0:12:17 So we just assumed we’ll put computers in the front office.
    0:12:21 We’re going to get the same benefit and we didn’t.
    0:12:23 And people call this within the sort of tech critical economic circle of productivity paradox.
    0:12:28 We didn’t see that rise in productivity.
    0:12:31 And I think it’s for all of these reasons that you’re talking about.
    0:12:34 I think part of the problem is in the back office IT revolution,
    0:12:38 this wasn’t a cybernetic setup.
    0:12:40 It’s not people working directly with the machines together.
    0:12:43 It was much more just a pure digital play.
    0:12:46 Our information is in a database now instead of in filing cabinets.
    0:12:50 We could network these two systems so we don’t have to mail stuff across the country
    0:12:53 or fax stuff across the country.
    0:12:55 But in the front office, you have a human brain interacting with these machines.
    0:12:59 And I think the productivity software revolution
    0:13:01 did not factor in the reality of how human brains actually operate.
    0:13:05 I think that revolution was using a computer processor metaphor
    0:13:10 when thinking about productivity.
    0:13:11 So if you’re designing a computer processor, what are the things that matter?
    0:13:15 A, you got to keep the instruction pipeline full, right?
    0:13:17 There’s this view in computer processor design.
    0:13:20 You do not want idle cycles.
    0:13:22 If the processor main circuitry has to sit there while you go and retrieve some data,
    0:13:26 that is a disaster.
    0:13:27 So you want to fill this pipeline predictively with the stuff you’re going to need.
    0:13:31 And then speed matters.
    0:13:32 How fast can we do things?
    0:13:33 So what do we get in productivity software?
    0:13:36 We want to make sure that it’s as quick and low friction as possible
    0:13:40 to send stuff to people to get stuff so that you can always have things to work on.
    0:13:44 And we want the task to go as quick as possible.
    0:13:46 My word processor, I can type faster.
    0:13:48 I can auto complete.
    0:13:49 I can have software help me speed up.
    0:13:52 But what it didn’t take into account, for example,
    0:13:54 is that the human brain takes a long time to switch from one thing to another.
    0:13:57 It’s not a processor circuitry.
    0:14:00 So trying to have a huge pipeline of a bunch of things to jump back and forth between,
    0:14:03 the human brain can’t do that.
    0:14:05 It gets exhausted.
    0:14:06 It crosses the circuits.
    0:14:07 We lose our ability to concentrate.
    0:14:09 We can’t work on this other thing if these other things are distracting us.
    0:14:12 So I think this fundamental mismatch between the wetwear between our ears
    0:14:16 and the digital tools that we’re looking at with our eyes,
    0:14:19 that fundamental mismatch really created a productivity disaster in the front office.
    0:14:23 It makes complete sense to me.
    0:14:25 One of the things that you said in the book is you said time and space are needed to craft
    0:14:30 important things.
    0:14:31 Why is that?
    0:14:33 The human brain, it takes a while to focus on something.
    0:14:37 And this is because of cognitive processes.
    0:14:39 We have to inhibit unrelated semantic neural networks.
    0:14:43 We have to excite networks that are relevant.
    0:14:45 That’s why it takes 15 or 20 minutes,
    0:14:47 even to just feel like you can make progress on something hard.
    0:14:50 That first 15 to 20 minutes is I can’t do this.
    0:14:53 And then after 15 or 20 minutes, okay, I’m getting into a run.
    0:14:56 That’s because the brain takes a while to focus.
    0:14:58 So things need time.
    0:14:59 Also, quality just requires often that we come back to something again and again.
    0:15:04 Let’s try it from this angle.
    0:15:05 Let’s spend a whole afternoon working on it.
    0:15:07 Craft is relatively slow.
    0:15:09 The pace of most modern knowledge work is not.
    0:15:12 It’s very fast and staccato.
    0:15:14 Yeah, you said focus.
    0:15:15 It takes some time to get into it.
    0:15:17 I have this feeling that if I’m presented with a window of time,
    0:15:21 and I know I have a big task to go after,
    0:15:24 I look at my calendar and I’m like, okay, I have 30 minutes.
    0:15:26 It’s a big task.
    0:15:27 It’s definitely going to take a few hours.
    0:15:29 I almost don’t even want to get started.
    0:15:31 Because I know there’s that ramp up just to even get in the zone.
    0:15:35 Then you get five minutes of actual work done,
    0:15:38 and then you’re kind of right back into something else.
    0:15:41 And especially given someone like me that has,
    0:15:43 my wife will definitely tell you that I have ADHD based on our interactions.
    0:15:48 But someone that has that brain, it is especially hard to do that switching.
    0:15:52 Are there people that are inherently good at task switching and multitasking?
    0:15:57 Or is that just complete BS?
    0:15:58 And we fool ourselves into thinking we’re good at it.
    0:16:01 We fool ourselves.
    0:16:02 It’s like asking are any people good at breathing underwater?
    0:16:05 No, the human body can’t do that.
    0:16:07 The human brain, we know how long network switching takes.
    0:16:11 It can’t do it instantaneously.
    0:16:14 So I think the people who think they’re good at it,
    0:16:16 often what they’ve done is just made peace with the physiological subjective feeling
    0:16:21 of my brain is muddled and exhausted,
    0:16:23 and I never actually get in the full cognitive context.
    0:16:26 They’re just used to doing things basically at a mediocre level.
    0:16:30 But a human brain is a human brain.
    0:16:31 You need 10, 15, up to 20 minutes to really lock on to something hard.
    0:16:35 So if you’re checking an email inbox or a Slack channel once every four or five minutes,
    0:16:39 you are nowhere near your actual full cognitive capacity.
    0:16:43 You are handicapping your brain in a severe way.
    0:16:46 You don’t even realize that you’re doing it.
    0:16:48 Yeah.
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    0:19:07 I would say one of the things we’ve been pushing to doing a lot over the last,
    0:19:10 call it 10, 15 years is this hunt for the ultimate productivity tool.
    0:19:16 There’s been this hunt.
    0:19:17 Oh, this will be the solution for me.
    0:19:19 I saw that you mentioned, was it 43 folders?
    0:19:21 Is that right?
    0:19:21 I always forget the name of that.
    0:19:23 That’s right.
    0:19:23 Yeah, yeah, Merlin Man, right?
    0:19:24 Yep.
    0:19:25 Yeah, so Merlin, he was such a legendary figure back in the day because he was
    0:19:30 a very early kind of productivity blogger and had the great system.
    0:19:34 It was the GTD, Getting Things Done system.
    0:19:36 And I tried it for a hot minute and then I was just like, this is too much.
    0:19:41 I fell away.
    0:19:42 And since then, I’ve tried like 15 different productivity systems.
    0:19:46 And it earned a connective backlink note taking apps.
    0:19:49 You know, you name it, but every three to four months,
    0:19:52 I’m just like enough.
    0:19:54 It’s too much.
    0:19:55 It’s too much.
    0:19:56 Do you have any sense why that is?
    0:19:58 Why these things don’t stick?
    0:19:59 Merlin, first of all, he’s an interesting guy.
    0:20:02 I profiled him actually for the New Yorker a few years ago.
    0:20:05 I wrote this piece called The Rise and Fall of Getting Things Done
    0:20:09 because what’s interesting about Merlin’s story,
    0:20:11 it’s exactly what you’re talking about.
    0:20:13 He gets overwhelmed in work.
    0:20:14 This is like early 2000s tech sector,
    0:20:17 which again, is exactly when the front office IT revolution began
    0:20:20 making knowledge work intolerable, right?
    0:20:23 This happens in the early 2000s.
    0:20:25 He finds GTD.
    0:20:26 He thinks this is going to save him.
    0:20:28 He starts this blog 43 folders, which is a GTT reference to the tickler file.
    0:20:33 This gets really popular.
    0:20:35 Oh, it was massive back then.
    0:20:37 Massively popular.
    0:20:38 He gets a book deal actually to write about this.
    0:20:40 And he gets completely disillusioned because he eventually realizes
    0:20:44 that this incredibly complex system is not making his working life easier
    0:20:49 and actually is never going to get him where he wants to get,
    0:20:52 which is like creating stuff that matters.
    0:20:53 And so it’s this big, essentially drama where he has to give back the book advance.
    0:20:58 He gives up on writing the book.
    0:21:00 He shutters 43 folders.
    0:21:02 It is like, I can’t do this anymore.
    0:21:03 And he leaves that whole world, which became known as productivity prawn,
    0:21:08 Leedspeak, but PR zero in that whole world was called productivity prawn.
    0:21:13 And the basic idea there was the right tool,
    0:21:16 the complex enough smart enough tool could bring you to a productivity utopia.
    0:21:20 But if you just had the right tool to organize all your information and work,
    0:21:24 you could get something that was essentially effortless.
    0:21:26 Like the tool is like telling you what to do and giving you the right information.
    0:21:31 This is the whole dream right now.
    0:21:32 I think these Zettelkasten systems are the new hot thing.
    0:21:35 And there’s this whole dream of you’re not going to have to think hard.
    0:21:38 Your system, you offload all your information into a system and you link it up.
    0:21:42 And you’re just going to surface these brilliant ideas like the system’s going to do the work for you.
    0:21:46 This has never really worked.
    0:21:48 It’s never really worked.
    0:21:49 But the reason why this has never worked is it’s just not how production happens of good stuff.
    0:21:54 Like ultimately, there is this really hard step of trying to create ex nihilo value where
    0:21:59 there was not before, which takes suffering and concentration and complexity and hard work.
    0:22:04 And it’s frustrating.
    0:22:05 And that’s ultimately what work comes down to and no system can make that easy.
    0:22:09 Do you think there is a world where AI gets involved in the next, call it three to five years?
    0:22:16 And it’s not about the perfect tool, quote unquote, but it’s more about us just dumping
    0:22:21 all available information and asking questions of that data that will unlock
    0:22:25 something new that we haven’t seen before?
    0:22:29 I think AI could play a big role here.
    0:22:31 It’s going to be beyond the peer language model play.
    0:22:34 So I think what that vision you’re thinking about, which is really big right now in the sense of
    0:22:39 we can have the sort of interrogatory relationship to data fueled by a language model.
    0:22:43 We can ask questions about our information and the language model can find structure
    0:22:47 and give us answers.
    0:22:48 That’ll be a minor part at best, I think, at the potential productivity impact of AI.
    0:22:53 For me, I think where AI could have a huge impact on knowledge work is actually being able to
    0:22:58 take over these administrative overhead tasks that are currently the sort of
    0:23:03 productivity kudzu that’s making it impossible for us to get things done.
    0:23:07 The big problem with our current moment, each of these things we’re working on
    0:23:10 generates its own administrative overhead, emails, meetings, like the stuff you need to
    0:23:15 sort of just keep the project going.
    0:23:17 That stuff piles up, that administrative overhead piles up and that’s why our days get
    0:23:21 fragmented with emails and meetings and we can’t get to the actual work.
    0:23:25 If AI could take over more of that administrative overhead, not make the task faster,
    0:23:31 which is the current play.
    0:23:32 All right, I have to send this email, but maybe AI will help me write a draft of this email
    0:23:37 or help me find the information from my information system I need for this email,
    0:23:41 not make it faster.
    0:23:42 Because again, it’s the interruptions I care about, not the duration of the tasks,
    0:23:46 but actually take over these tasks, actually send and answer the emails for you,
    0:23:50 get the information so you don’t need a meeting.
    0:23:53 That’s interesting to me, but that’s not going to be a language model by itself.
    0:23:56 I think that play is going to be language models plus other types of models.
    0:24:00 The tech media right now is a little bit too short-sighted thinking that just
    0:24:03 prompt engineering for GPT-4 is the future of how AI is going to be interacting in our life.
    0:24:08 The future I’m interested in is going to be multifunctional models.
    0:24:12 Then some interesting stuff could happen.
    0:24:13 Yeah, that feels right to me because if you’re just increasing output,
    0:24:18 you’re just causing more of the same problem.
    0:24:20 If you’re just making it more efficient to send emails,
    0:24:23 now I’m dumping more emails on other people that might have inferior productivity
    0:24:27 tools and aren’t using AI yet, and it’s loading up on their side,
    0:24:31 you’re still adding to the issue versus a world where AI discovers that someone is
    0:24:36 requesting a meeting two bots negotiate a time, and it’s automatically done,
    0:24:41 and you just don’t even have to think about it, right?
    0:24:43 Yeah, I had that conversation years ago with the CEO of x.ai,
    0:24:47 which was like a very early player in the AI-facilitated meeting scheduling,
    0:24:52 and this was before language models got big and kind of ate this world.
    0:24:56 They had this product where you could CC an email address,
    0:24:59 and it was an AI agent that could help you set up your meetings,
    0:25:02 and it was supposed to process to natural language.
    0:25:04 I still remember this, the CEO saying, “Oh, that’s not the end game.”
    0:25:08 Like the end game is where my AI agent just talks directly to your AI agent
    0:25:13 and sets up that meeting without us having to send the email in the first place.
    0:25:16 Yeah, I agree with you.
    0:25:17 I think that’s where interesting things begin to happen,
    0:25:20 but it’s a really hard technical problem.
    0:25:22 I’ve been writing about this recently.
    0:25:23 It’s not a problem you can solve by making language models larger
    0:25:27 or by having more reinforcement-based fine-tuning.
    0:25:30 It’s not a problem you can solve by having bigger training data sets for language models.
    0:25:34 It requires new models.
    0:25:36 I think that’s where the interesting stuff’s going to happen.
    0:25:38 Yeah, but there’s also just so much nuance there
    0:25:40 that is almost impossible for AI to capture.
    0:25:43 For example, before we got started on this call here,
    0:25:46 you were having issues with your camera.
    0:25:47 That might push off your next meeting by 15 minutes.
    0:25:49 How is AI going to be able to know,
    0:25:51 “Oh, Kevin’s really tired today because his daughter’s sick at home
    0:25:54 and he had to stay up late last night.”
    0:25:56 There’s a thousand things that if you had an EA
    0:25:59 or someone else that you’re working with to help you book your things,
    0:26:00 you have these conversations.
    0:26:02 Not to say you couldn’t have that with AI,
    0:26:04 but it is a more challenging problem than just two bots hashing out of time.
    0:26:09 Oh yeah, here’s the storyline about that that’s interesting to me.
    0:26:12 To me, this is the most interesting storyline of the most.
    0:26:15 One of the most interesting storylines in AI,
    0:26:17 and it’s not being talked about that much,
    0:26:19 and this is what Noam Brown has been up to.
    0:26:21 So Noam Brown, who was at Meta, got hired away by open AI.
    0:26:25 I wrote this big article a couple of months ago for the New Yorker about this,
    0:26:28 and I don’t think it’s being talked about enough.
    0:26:30 What Noam did, what brought him to fame in the AI world
    0:26:35 is that he created the first AI system
    0:26:37 that could win against professional poker players
    0:26:40 in no limit, Texas hold them.
    0:26:42 So he built a system that could do this, Pluribus.
    0:26:45 What was important about this system is that poker,
    0:26:48 the chips and the cards are part of what matters,
    0:26:52 but equally important is what the other people believe,
    0:26:55 which is different than chess or go.
    0:26:57 Poker is really a game about not what cards do I have,
    0:27:00 but what do you believe I have.
    0:27:01 That’s what I’m playing, right?
    0:27:03 So he began working on it.
    0:27:05 The bluffing aspect of it.
    0:27:06 The bluffing aspect, and the value aspect even.
    0:27:08 So he built this engine that was really simulation based,
    0:27:12 but it was simulating potential mental states of the other players.
    0:27:16 Okay.
    0:27:17 Wow.
    0:27:18 So then he goes to meta and they say,
    0:27:20 okay, we’re going to take on a harder challenge,
    0:27:22 socially speaking, which is the game diplomacy.
    0:27:24 And I don’t know if you know diplomacy,
    0:27:26 but like the way that game works is it’s like risk,
    0:27:29 except the key to diplomacy is at the beginning of every round,
    0:27:33 you have private one-on-one conversations
    0:27:35 with every other player.
    0:27:36 And it’s all about these subtle alliances and betrayals,
    0:27:40 and you double cross and double cross,
    0:27:42 and you tell the one player,
    0:27:44 I’m going to pretend to have an alliance with Kevin.
    0:27:46 And that’s going to get his positions out of place
    0:27:48 in Scandinavia.
    0:27:49 And then the next round, you can come and we’ll really be a team,
    0:27:52 and we can take over that territory.
    0:27:53 It’s all a game about negotiation between people.
    0:27:56 They built a bot Cicero that started beating human players
    0:28:00 on a web-based diplomacy server.
    0:28:02 That’s so cool.
    0:28:03 And here’s how they did it, is they had a language model,
    0:28:07 not some super fancy GPT-clawed model.
    0:28:10 It was just Bert, one of the off-the-shelf research models
    0:28:13 with a couple billion parameters.
    0:28:15 They had a language model, and then they had a planning engine
    0:28:18 that, based on what he learned from poker,
    0:28:22 was simulating the potential mindsets of the other player.
    0:28:25 And well, wait a second, what if this person’s lying to me?
    0:28:27 Then what would the implication be if I did this?
    0:28:30 Would it make sense if they were lying to me?
    0:28:31 Would that be good for them?
    0:28:32 So they had a simulation engine that could simulate
    0:28:35 the minds of the other players and try to figure out,
    0:28:37 given the different possibilities, what’s the best play?
    0:28:40 And then they had a language model talk to the players.
    0:28:42 So the language model could take what the players were saying
    0:28:45 and translate it into a sort of XML type format
    0:28:48 that the planning model could understand.
    0:28:50 The planning model could then tell the language model,
    0:28:52 here’s what we need to do.
    0:28:53 We need to get an alliance with this person,
    0:28:55 put that into diplomacy speak in a way that they’ll agree.
    0:28:59 And the language model talked on behalf.
    0:29:01 Those two things put together could win at diplomacy.
    0:29:04 I think email is like winning at diplomacy.
    0:29:06 I have to simulate the other minds of the other people involved
    0:29:09 and what do they need here.
    0:29:11 And if I’d say this,
    0:29:12 how’s that going to mess up the later part of the plan?
    0:29:14 And then once you figure out the right thing to do,
    0:29:16 then you can have a language model say that nicely
    0:29:18 and professionally and in a way that’s not going to annoy people.
    0:29:21 That to me is the interesting play.
    0:29:22 And I think that’s why it’s so critical
    0:29:24 that OpenAI hired Noam Brown away.
    0:29:27 He’s probably the head of Q*.
    0:29:28 They’re pretty secretive about this,
    0:29:30 but Q* is almost certainly OpenAI’s initiative
    0:29:33 to introduce more planning into their products.
    0:29:36 So this I think is the future of when AI starts to get interesting
    0:29:39 in the knowledge workspace.
    0:29:41 Yeah, that is absolutely fascinating.
    0:29:43 It’s scary on so many levels because five years from now,
    0:29:47 not this cycle, but next election cycle in the United States,
    0:29:49 you have to imagine that given everything that you just said
    0:29:53 about the diplomacy side of things,
    0:29:56 there’s going to be some bot that will be able to have conversations
    0:29:59 and simulate your responses to certain things
    0:30:01 and try and convince you or sway you in certain beliefs.
    0:30:05 Yes.
    0:30:05 Right.
    0:30:06 That’s just insanity and probably be pretty damn good at it too.
    0:30:09 Yeah, one of the examples I give is
    0:30:12 if you think about HAL 9000 from 2001,
    0:30:16 and it won’t open the pod bay doors
    0:30:18 because it doesn’t want Dave to deactivate it
    0:30:20 because it’s focused on his mission, like classic scary AI.
    0:30:23 GPT can never do that because it can’t simulate the future,
    0:30:27 but a Cicero could.
    0:30:29 Like for HAL 9000 to know not to open the pod bay doors
    0:30:32 is because he’s simulating.
    0:30:33 Well, what would happen if I open the pod bay doors?
    0:30:36 Why might Dave want me to open the pod bay doors?
    0:30:38 Oh, he might want to turn me off and he would get access to my chips.
    0:30:42 Okay, I don’t want to do that.
    0:30:43 It’s the planning stuff.
    0:30:44 I think the future of AI is,
    0:30:48 first of all, language models are going to severely contract.
    0:30:51 I think this notion of let’s try to have
    0:30:54 emergent reasoning capabilities as a side effect
    0:30:57 of making language models massive
    0:30:59 is an incredibly inefficient way of trying to do that.
    0:31:02 Let’s let language models do language,
    0:31:04 and then you build explicit reasoning models
    0:31:07 to do the reasoning you want to do.
    0:31:10 No one Brown found this with poker.
    0:31:12 They tried to build a huge neural network
    0:31:14 to just learn poker and figure out how to play.
    0:31:16 It was huge and they needed supercomputers to run it.
    0:31:19 And then when they had an explicit planning engine,
    0:31:21 they were able to just contract the neural network part
    0:31:24 to something that could run on their laptop.
    0:31:25 Like it’s an incredibly inefficient to try to implicitly
    0:31:29 learn reasoning emergently in a feedforward neural network.
    0:31:32 Explicit planning models plus language emergent language
    0:31:36 recognition and generation ability.
    0:31:37 I think this is what the future is going to look like.
    0:31:40 Interesting.
    0:31:40 Is that more just siloed models at that point?
    0:31:44 Like individual models that are quite good at one thing?
    0:31:47 Yes.
    0:31:48 We need language models to be good at understanding language,
    0:31:50 translating it into a format that other siloed models understand,
    0:31:55 and then taking what those other siloed models come up with
    0:31:58 and turning it back into whatever appropriate language
    0:32:01 we need to talk to people.
    0:32:03 I think that’s a much more efficient future.
    0:32:05 Yeah.
    0:32:06 I also think it’s a better way of dealing with a lot of trust
    0:32:09 and AI issues.
    0:32:11 Yes.
    0:32:11 I’m a big believer.
    0:32:12 I call it intentional AI, like little I, capital A,
    0:32:15 capital I.
    0:32:16 Intentional AI, if you have an explicit reasoning model
    0:32:19 to do this and an explicit other model to do this,
    0:32:22 there’s no XAI problem.
    0:32:24 I program this reasoning model.
    0:32:26 I can tell you how it thinks about things
    0:32:29 and separating that from the amorphous hard-to-understand logic
    0:32:33 of recognizing and generating language,
    0:32:35 I think it makes it much easier.
    0:32:36 So it’s no longer this guessing game of, I don’t know,
    0:32:38 we fine-tuned a trillion-parameter language model
    0:32:41 and I don’t know what’s going to happen.
    0:32:43 They don’t have this problem with Cicero.
    0:32:46 They hand-coded the engine that makes decisions.
    0:32:48 Like they taught it, for example, we’re not going to lie.
    0:32:51 So when Cicero plays diplomacy, it plays a clean version
    0:32:54 where it doesn’t do deception.
    0:32:56 It understands the other players might be able to do it.
    0:32:58 It doesn’t do deception.
    0:32:59 They could just make that choice
    0:33:00 because they had an explicit engine
    0:33:03 for actually doing the simulation of game strategy.
    0:33:06 So I don’t think that all of AI needs to be as black box
    0:33:10 or obfuscated as it is in language models.
    0:33:12 And as we separate out different reasoning
    0:33:14 in the different models,
    0:33:15 we can actually be accountable for what we’re programming.
    0:33:18 And I think that’s going to be maybe the future.
    0:33:20 IAI might be the way forward to more trust in AI.
    0:33:23 That feels right to me because at that point,
    0:33:26 I think of it as almost like a choose your own adventure.
    0:33:28 I’m already seeing this, like with ChatGPT,
    0:33:30 I can go and enable very specific models
    0:33:33 that are just for medical research.
    0:33:35 There’s one consensus that’s quite good.
    0:33:37 It cross all the papers.
    0:33:38 It has a better understanding than ChatGPT.
    0:33:40 And when I enable that, GPT hands that off to that model.
    0:33:44 And I get back better results that has a deeper corpus
    0:33:48 of peer-reviewed documents that I can look through.
    0:33:50 It’s almost like the app structure
    0:33:52 in that you have like on iPhone,
    0:33:53 where you have all these different siloed experts
    0:33:56 and you pull them together and you can say,
    0:33:58 “Hey, if I got a comment about,
    0:34:00 I call it the bad Thanksgiving conversations,
    0:34:02 which are politics and religion,
    0:34:04 if I get something bad back from my AI,
    0:34:06 it’s because I enabled a certain module
    0:34:08 to give me that information back.”
    0:34:10 There’s certain things that I think that we just need to say,
    0:34:12 it’s always going to have some bias if you go broad.
    0:34:15 And so let’s go niche.
    0:34:17 And if you want to be able to pick
    0:34:19 and choose your political adventure
    0:34:21 and have that incorporated in your AI,
    0:34:23 so be it, but it’s on your own watch,
    0:34:25 not the fact that we try to solve all of world’s problems
    0:34:29 with one generalized intelligence, if that makes sense.
    0:34:32 I think that completely makes sense.
    0:34:33 I think what we’re seeing in the research community
    0:34:36 is the number of parameters you need to understand English grammar,
    0:34:40 to understand what people are saying,
    0:34:42 and to generate reasonable text back.
    0:34:44 It’s tens of billions at most.
    0:34:47 Tens of billions of parameters,
    0:34:48 plus the specialty, whatever it is,
    0:34:51 niche information, medical information,
    0:34:53 whatever that you want a niche model to learn,
    0:34:55 is very effective.
    0:34:56 So I can now, if I have enough data about the niche topic,
    0:35:00 the 20 billion of parameters dedicated to language
    0:35:02 means I can answer questions about it or talk about it.
    0:35:06 But I think there’s a bigger issue here as well.
    0:35:08 I had this discussion,
    0:35:09 I think it was with Scott Galloway on his podcast,
    0:35:12 where I think we’re a little bit too fixated right now
    0:35:15 on the current interface we have
    0:35:17 with something like ChatGPT or Claude,
    0:35:19 this idea that we send prompts through a text interface
    0:35:22 and sort of stuff comes back.
    0:35:24 To me, that’s very preliminary.
    0:35:27 All of the concern we have right now about,
    0:35:29 is the text coming back when I have chats
    0:35:32 with a language bot politically appropriate?
    0:35:35 I think that’s gonna look like in two years,
    0:35:37 what a weird diversion.
    0:35:39 Our concern was that this digital chat partner
    0:35:43 is inappropriate.
    0:35:45 Like, who cares in some sense?
    0:35:47 It’s not like these chats have some sort of decision function,
    0:35:50 that these chats we’re having through these text interfaces
    0:35:53 are the basis on which loans are being distributed or whatever.
    0:35:57 Let me forget, ChatGPT was a demo.
    0:35:59 It was invented as a demo to show the possibilities
    0:36:02 for the underlying language model.
    0:36:04 This idea of these chat interfaces,
    0:36:05 that’s not the future of these models.
    0:36:07 These models are gonna be much more integrated
    0:36:09 into other types of systems.
    0:36:11 They’re gonna be much more specialized.
    0:36:13 Their use will be much more specialized.
    0:36:15 I told Scott, for example,
    0:36:16 I don’t think it matters that you learned
    0:36:18 how to do prompt engineering.
    0:36:19 Doing prompt engineering today is like
    0:36:21 in the early days of Apple too,
    0:36:22 where they’re like, you have to learn basic,
    0:36:24 or you’re never gonna get any functionality out of your computer.
    0:36:26 It’s like, no, the computer evolved,
    0:36:28 or you didn’t have to write your own programs anymore.
    0:36:30 I think we haven’t seen yet the forms
    0:36:32 in which this type of AI, generative AI, is gonna be used.
    0:36:35 But it’s not gonna be, almost certainly not gonna be just us,
    0:36:38 just talking through a chat interface.
    0:36:40 It’s gonna be integrated into systems.
    0:36:43 Something else will be prompting it on your behalf.
    0:36:45 And I think where it’s a little narrow right now,
    0:36:47 that the fact that a company like Google,
    0:36:50 their stock price can take a huge hit
    0:36:52 because of the complexities of trying to make sure
    0:36:54 that this chat demo is the things it says is appropriate.
    0:36:58 Conversations over Instant Messenger with robots
    0:37:02 is not the end game here.
    0:37:03 It’s this intelligence being integrated
    0:37:05 into other things we’re already doing.
    0:37:06 Yeah, I think it’s because people just want to believe
    0:37:10 it’s becoming sentient and they want to know
    0:37:12 which way it’s politically leaning
    0:37:13 and all of this other stuff.
    0:37:14 It is a huge distraction.
    0:37:16 And I agree with you on the prompt engineering side.
    0:37:19 I was having a conversation with a buddy of mine
    0:37:20 that is creating a startup about helping people
    0:37:23 create better graphics and abstracting away
    0:37:26 the difficult prompting of creating
    0:37:28 high quality graphics outputs with AI.
    0:37:31 And one of the things that you have to look at
    0:37:34 is when you’re doing prompt engineering now,
    0:37:35 it’s a series of keywords that you have to learn the code.
    0:37:38 Like you said, it’s like learning a programming language.
    0:37:41 And the future, and it has to be less than five years out,
    0:37:45 it’s gonna be looking at an image and saying,
    0:37:46 I like what you did there,
    0:37:48 but that arm looks a little bit weird.
    0:37:50 Can you twist it a tiny bit?
    0:37:51 Call it like 10 to 15 degrees and give me a new output.
    0:37:54 That will be what you say to it.
    0:37:56 Not like arm, 1960s, all the things that you do
    0:38:00 that are so weird and just keywordy,
    0:38:03 it’s gonna be a lot more natural language,
    0:38:04 I think, in the future.
    0:38:05 And a dialogue back and forth versus structured text
    0:38:09 that you have to learn.
    0:38:10 But anyway, I want to get back to the book.
    0:38:11 This is fun going down the A.I. route.
    0:38:13 I could do this for another few hours,
    0:38:15 but just getting back to the theme of productivity
    0:38:17 a little bit, you talk about three things.
    0:38:19 And I might not get these exactly right
    0:38:20 ’cause these are off the top of my head,
    0:38:22 but it’s three things that you’re talking about
    0:38:24 and promoting in this book, or do fewer things,
    0:38:27 work at a natural pace, and then obsess over quality.
    0:38:31 And I’d love for you to just touch on those three things.
    0:38:34 And then also, that feels very old school Japanese to me.
    0:38:39 It seems like we’re going back to a time of slowness,
    0:38:43 which I love, and like quality over quantity.
    0:38:46 And that’s really fascinating.
    0:38:48 How did you come up with those three main points for the book?
    0:38:51 What I did is I went back and I looked for figures to study
    0:38:56 who were knowledge workers in the technical sense
    0:38:58 that they used their brain to add value to information.
    0:39:00 But I looked for people from times past or from professions
    0:39:03 that were very distant from office jobs in the 21st century.
    0:39:07 ‘Cause I didn’t want to get stuck in the uncanny valley of,
    0:39:10 well, this job is almost like mine,
    0:39:12 but it differs in this way, so this doesn’t apply.
    0:39:14 Then I tried to isolate principles
    0:39:16 from these traditional knowledge workers
    0:39:18 and then adapt them to the office jobs in 21st century.
    0:39:20 So I was studying the whole scope,
    0:39:22 sort of the whole sweep of the human adventure
    0:39:25 of creating things with their brains.
    0:39:26 Those three principles came up.
    0:39:29 All three of those principles are pretty adaptable
    0:39:32 to 21st century office work.
    0:39:34 So do fewer things.
    0:39:35 Like how does that adapt to 21st century office work?
    0:39:38 It comes back to this administrative overhead problem
    0:39:40 I was talking about.
    0:39:42 We say yes to too many things in modern work.
    0:39:44 So the administrative overhead aggregates
    0:39:46 past a threshold in which we really can’t get anything good done.
    0:39:49 It’s exhausting, it’s deranging,
    0:39:51 all days in Zoom, nothing gets done.
    0:39:53 The clear solution there is don’t work on so many things
    0:39:56 at the same time.
    0:39:58 Because you’re trying to minimize the administrative overhead
    0:40:01 you’re dealing with at once.
    0:40:03 So if you work at less things at once,
    0:40:04 the overall rate at which things are finishing
    0:40:07 actually goes up.
    0:40:08 And did you say like one big thing per day?
    0:40:10 Is that kind of accurate about what you recommend
    0:40:12 or how do you think about what to work on every day?
    0:40:15 I worry more in this part as well
    0:40:17 about how many things you’re just actively working on.
    0:40:19 Whether or not you want to work on it in a given day or not,
    0:40:22 the things you’re actively work on generate overhead.
    0:40:25 If I have agreed to work on 10 projects
    0:40:27 and I’m actively working on 10 projects,
    0:40:30 whether I want to or not, each day those 10 projects
    0:40:33 are generating emails that need answers.
    0:40:35 Those 10 projects have stakeholders that are saying,
    0:40:36 hey, when can we jump on a call or get on a Zoom
    0:40:39 like to see how things are going.
    0:40:40 10 projects worth of that overhead hijacks your day.
    0:40:44 I can’t get anything else done except talk about these projects.
    0:40:47 If you instead just work on two of those projects at a time,
    0:40:50 if you only have two projects worth of emails,
    0:40:52 two projects worth of meetings,
    0:40:53 you can really get through these projects.
    0:40:56 I can actually put a lot of time into these things
    0:40:58 and do them well.
    0:40:58 And then I take two more and then I take two more,
    0:41:00 you’ll get through those 10 in a shorter total amount of time.
    0:41:04 So doing fewer things is really about concurrency.
    0:41:08 Then there’s two really tricky things here
    0:41:12 that I wanted to touch on
    0:41:14 that I think you were so brilliant to call out.
    0:41:16 And I think they were very important to share
    0:41:18 with the listeners here.
    0:41:20 So when you talk about concurrency
    0:41:21 and you talk about how many things that you take on
    0:41:24 in a given period of time,
    0:41:25 we do say yes to a lot of things.
    0:41:27 And you talk about this idea that you want to have,
    0:41:32 and I’m paraphrasing here,
    0:41:33 but transparency around your workload.
    0:41:35 So if you are seen as someone
    0:41:38 that actually manages their time well,
    0:41:40 then people will actually respect your time more.
    0:41:44 And that actually means you can take on less.
    0:41:47 Am I getting that right?
    0:41:48 Or can you explain it the way you wrote it in the book?
    0:41:50 No, you’re basically right there.
    0:41:52 Because if you deconstruct,
    0:41:55 what people are worried about
    0:41:56 is that their boss wants them to do things right away.
    0:41:58 And that’s their concern.
    0:42:00 So I’ll never get away with doing fewer things.
    0:42:02 Or the way I talk about in the book
    0:42:03 is you don’t even have to say no more often,
    0:42:06 but just differentiate between
    0:42:08 these are what I’m actively working on,
    0:42:10 and these are things I’ve agreed to,
    0:42:11 but I’m waiting to work on.
    0:42:13 So I don’t do emails or meetings about the stuff
    0:42:15 I’m waiting to work on,
    0:42:16 but I’ll let you know when I’m actively working about it.
    0:42:18 People worry, like, no, no,
    0:42:19 my boss just wants me to do things right away
    0:42:21 whenever they have an idea.
    0:42:22 But if you deconstruct that,
    0:42:23 what’s really going on here
    0:42:26 is that the problem you’re solving for your boss
    0:42:28 is you’re trying to minimize their stress.
    0:42:30 So something comes into their world that needs to get done.
    0:42:32 It’s an open loop.
    0:42:33 It’s a source of stress in their life
    0:42:35 until that gets taken care of.
    0:42:37 If they don’t know how you work,
    0:42:38 you’re just like this black box
    0:42:40 that they email and you do things
    0:42:41 and sometimes you forget things.
    0:42:43 Just telling you to do this thing
    0:42:44 doesn’t relieve their stress.
    0:42:46 Until you finish this,
    0:42:48 I have to keep track of this.
    0:42:49 And so they’d rather you just do it as soon as possible
    0:42:51 because the problem you’re solving
    0:42:53 is getting rid of this stress.
    0:42:54 If they see instead,
    0:42:56 sure, here is my publicly available work queue.
    0:42:59 And it’s clearly divided.
    0:43:00 These are the things I’m actively working on.
    0:43:02 Here’s the sorted list of things I’m waiting to work on.
    0:43:05 Every time I finish something I’m actually worked on,
    0:43:07 I take the next thing off of the list
    0:43:09 and I move it in here.
    0:43:10 You can see exactly where your project is in the list.
    0:43:12 I will tell you as soon as it crosses over,
    0:43:15 the being active, I’ll be like,
    0:43:16 “Hey, I’m working on this now.
    0:43:17 Call me or email me anytime about this.
    0:43:19 I’ll keep you updated.”
    0:43:20 You’ve solved their problem a different way.
    0:43:23 Great. Cal is going to take care of this.
    0:43:24 I don’t have to stress about it.
    0:43:26 I have a hundred other things I care about.
    0:43:28 In both cases, you’re solving their problem.
    0:43:31 Only in one case, you actually have to do the work right away.
    0:43:33 And I love that because what you’re doing
    0:43:36 from the manager’s point of view,
    0:43:37 how the manager is feeling when you say this,
    0:43:39 is that they feel like you have your shit together.
    0:43:42 They’re like, “Okay, this person is going to track it
    0:43:44 and that ball is not going to get dropped.
    0:43:46 Yes, it may be two weeks out,
    0:43:47 but at least I know they’re tracking it
    0:43:50 and they’re going to give me an update
    0:43:51 when it crosses into that active list.”
    0:43:53 And one of the things that you said in the book
    0:43:55 that I thought was brilliant that I’m going to use
    0:43:58 is you said, “Okay, you can say to someone that emails you
    0:44:02 and says, ‘Hey, I need this done, blah, blah, blah.’”
    0:44:03 And it may be another colleague or something.
    0:44:05 You can say, “Hey, I have this queue.
    0:44:07 I am not yet working on what you just mentioned,
    0:44:11 but here are the things that I need from you.
    0:44:14 So when the time comes for me to start work on this,
    0:44:16 it can be as efficiently done as possible.”
    0:44:18 And so you’re actually putting it back on them,
    0:44:21 getting all of that payload that you need
    0:44:24 to actually be as efficient as possible
    0:44:25 when the task does enter your active queue.
    0:44:28 And letting them know that, “I take my time seriously.
    0:44:30 I manage my time.”
    0:44:31 And then everyone is like, “Oh, okay.
    0:44:34 This isn’t someone that’s just slacking off.
    0:44:37 They have a system.
    0:44:38 And if they have a system,
    0:44:39 I can trust them to produce high quality work.”
    0:44:41 That’s brilliant.
    0:44:43 And here’s an even advanced twist on that.
    0:44:46 There’s a social dynamic here.
    0:44:47 It says, “With a colleague, this will be easier than a boss.”
    0:44:50 When they say, “Hey, can you do this for me?”
    0:44:51 You have your queue.
    0:44:52 You don’t put in the queue.
    0:44:53 You say, “Great, I’ve created a document for this project.
    0:44:57 I don’t want to rush you.
    0:44:58 Whenever you get a chance,
    0:44:59 give me the information I need in there.
    0:45:00 Once I have all the information I need,
    0:45:03 I’ll move this into my queue.”
    0:45:04 So it’s not even in your queue.
    0:45:07 Because a lot of times what’s happening
    0:45:09 is people are playing obligation hot potato.
    0:45:11 This thing is on their plate.
    0:45:12 It’s a source of stress.
    0:45:13 They’re not very organized.
    0:45:15 By being like, “Hey, can you do this send?”
    0:45:17 They get a temporary relief.
    0:45:18 It’s not on their plate anymore.
    0:45:19 So this is asymmetry.
    0:45:20 It’s very easy to just bounce it over to you
    0:45:22 because I’m just trying to reduce my stress in the moment.
    0:45:25 But when they say, “Oh, I actually am going to have
    0:45:27 to still keep track of this,”
    0:45:28 it’s on me to go gather the information
    0:45:31 and bring it over there
    0:45:31 before I can get this hot potato onto the other plate.
    0:45:34 Five times out of 10, they’re just going to let it drop.
    0:45:36 They’re like, “I don’t know.
    0:45:37 I have too many other things going on.
    0:45:39 Maybe it’s not so important.”
    0:45:40 And it never gets on your queue in the first place.
    0:45:42 So that little twist reduces the incoming by 50%.
    0:45:45 That’s amazing.
    0:45:47 It’s so funny how when we go on vacation
    0:45:50 and we come back and you look at your inbox
    0:45:52 and you realize that something’s been sitting there
    0:45:54 for a couple of weeks,
    0:45:55 how much of it just doesn’t even matter anymore?
    0:45:57 You know what I mean?
    0:45:58 Like it just somehow gets magically done
    0:46:00 or it just didn’t even need to be done.
    0:46:02 I do this thing called email bankruptcy every so often
    0:46:04 where there’s just so much in my inbox
    0:46:06 where I’m like, “I haven’t checked it
    0:46:07 and those are three months old.
    0:46:09 I’m just going to assume if it’s important again,
    0:46:10 they’ll email me.”
    0:46:11 Nine times out of 10,
    0:46:12 I just never received an email back about it again.
    0:46:15 But I like this idea of rather pushing back
    0:46:17 and saying I need more information
    0:46:18 before it even gets onto my queue, which is huge.
    0:46:21 One question, how do we figure out what we can commit to
    0:46:27 and if there’s actually enough time
    0:46:29 to take on something new?
    0:46:30 Something that helps you get a better sense of this
    0:46:33 is at least for a while,
    0:46:35 trying to advance schedule the time
    0:46:37 to work on things you agree to.
    0:46:39 Okay, let me just think about this project.
    0:46:41 How much time is it going to take?
    0:46:42 Let me go find that time on my calendar and protect it.
    0:46:46 All right, here’s four hours here.
    0:46:47 Here’s two hours here.
    0:46:48 I have to find the time for the things I’m going to work on.
    0:46:50 You don’t really have to do this perpetually,
    0:46:53 but if you do this for a little while,
    0:46:55 it really does strengthen
    0:46:56 your pattern recognition capabilities
    0:46:59 of what is my schedule really like?
    0:47:00 How much time is this really going to take?
    0:47:03 Do I have that time?
    0:47:04 Where is it going to fit in?
    0:47:05 So it’s like training.
    0:47:06 I want to wait train my pattern recognition
    0:47:09 for calendar availability.
    0:47:11 So if you try that for six months,
    0:47:13 I’m going to put stuff on the calendar
    0:47:14 and then I’ll tell the person,
    0:47:16 “Yeah, great, I’ll do this for you.
    0:47:17 I’ve scheduled it already.
    0:47:18 Here’s what I’m working on.
    0:47:19 This is the next time I could find the time.”
    0:47:21 You tell them exactly when those days are.
    0:47:23 When most people try this,
    0:47:24 they discover that they’re like three X more optimistic
    0:47:26 about their available time than reality.
    0:47:28 And things like, “Oh, I could easily fit this in,”
    0:47:31 turns out three or four weeks later than I thought
    0:47:34 is the next time I have time.
    0:47:36 That the workload that I was leaning towards
    0:47:38 is reasonable, is probably three times more projects
    0:47:40 than I really have room for.
    0:47:41 So I think even that exercise is a great bit of training.
    0:47:44 Yeah, that’s great.
    0:47:46 Can you talk to me about autopilot
    0:47:48 and how rituals and location can help us out?
    0:47:52 Yeah, autopilot is, work is regular.
    0:47:54 I know that we have to file these reports every month
    0:47:58 or that the clients need an update
    0:48:00 on what happened each week.
    0:48:01 If the work is regular, figure out when and where
    0:48:04 you’re going to do that work every week.
    0:48:05 Take that decision out of your daily scheduling.
    0:48:08 It’s just on your calendar.
    0:48:09 It’s recurring.
    0:48:10 It’s chosen for a really good time
    0:48:12 where it’s not in the way like,
    0:48:14 “Oh, I always have this hour
    0:48:15 between these two standing meetings.
    0:48:17 That’s when I’m always going to do this paperwork
    0:48:19 and I do it in the conference room
    0:48:21 because it’s empty until the next meeting comes.”
    0:48:23 So for regularly occurring work,
    0:48:25 knowing when and where you do that work
    0:48:29 really simplifies things.
    0:48:30 And then the other piece here
    0:48:31 is like your environment does matter
    0:48:33 if you’re doing cognitive work.
    0:48:35 If you study professional writers,
    0:48:37 this is like a hobby of mine,
    0:48:39 where professional writers work,
    0:48:41 they almost always, for example,
    0:48:42 have a difference between where they do their business
    0:48:44 and where they write.
    0:48:46 They’ll have really nice home offices
    0:48:48 where they send stuff to their agents
    0:48:50 and they have to like email with publicity tours
    0:48:52 and all the stuff going on,
    0:48:53 all the business of being an author.
    0:48:55 And then they’ll have a garden shed
    0:48:57 where they go to do the actual, right?
    0:48:59 Because environment matters.
    0:49:00 The cognitive cues, environmental cues matter.
    0:49:03 So caring about I do certain types of work
    0:49:06 in certain types of places
    0:49:07 is just a smart practice
    0:49:09 if the work you do involves your brain
    0:49:10 because the brain does respond to that.
    0:49:13 Yeah, I never thought about using location.
    0:49:16 If I’m not a writer,
    0:49:18 how might I else apply location
    0:49:21 to the things that I do?
    0:49:22 What are some other examples of people
    0:49:24 using location as part of their workflow?
    0:49:26 I think there’s two things
    0:49:27 that come up a lot in knowledge work.
    0:49:29 One is if you’re working quote unquote from home,
    0:49:32 I don’t like that phrase for reasons you’ll see,
    0:49:34 but working remotely,
    0:49:35 you want if possible for where you work
    0:49:37 to not be in your home.
    0:49:38 So I don’t like the phrase work from home.
    0:49:40 So if it’s just great,
    0:49:42 I can now just work at my kitchen table.
    0:49:44 You’re trying to work in a cognitive environment
    0:49:47 that has all of these salient cues
    0:49:49 that have nothing to do with your work.
    0:49:50 It’s the thing that you need to fix.
    0:49:53 It’s the laundry basket
    0:49:54 that reminds you that you have to do laundry.
    0:49:56 It’s a minefield of distractions.
    0:49:58 I’m a big proponent of what I call work from near home.
    0:50:01 It’s the right way to do remote work,
    0:50:03 which is it is worth.
    0:50:04 It should be subsidized by offices,
    0:50:06 but like whatever you can do
    0:50:07 to have a space to work that’s not your home
    0:50:10 is going to make a really big difference.
    0:50:12 And then the other big idea
    0:50:13 I’ve really been pushing for
    0:50:14 is that in professional workspaces,
    0:50:16 there should be two separate places
    0:50:18 where deep work is done
    0:50:19 and administrative overhead is handled.
    0:50:22 It should be physically separate places
    0:50:24 if at all possible.
    0:50:25 There’s a place where you concentrate and work.
    0:50:28 There’s a place where you do emails
    0:50:29 and attend meetings.
    0:50:31 I think especially in a future
    0:50:32 where we have all this commercial real estate
    0:50:34 and we don’t need to have permanent offices for everyone,
    0:50:36 this is a way to reconfigure it.
    0:50:38 Here’s the places you go.
    0:50:39 We have a bunch of these computer terminals
    0:50:40 you can log into and do email or this or that.
    0:50:42 And then here’s the quiet places you go to do deep work.
    0:50:44 Separate those two things.
    0:50:45 Yeah, I love that.
    0:50:47 Do you find that there’s a benefit to walking
    0:50:52 and deep work or on the contemplation side?
    0:50:54 Where is that best done?
    0:50:56 Walking seems to be useful,
    0:50:59 especially for ideation or generating a new insight.
    0:51:03 We don’t really know exactly why this is,
    0:51:05 but there’s speculations
    0:51:06 that it has something to do neurologically
    0:51:08 with the walking actually quiet certain circuits.
    0:51:11 Like so certain circuits get caught up
    0:51:14 in the routine rhythmic motion
    0:51:15 of what’s happening with the walking,
    0:51:17 which actually makes it easier.
    0:51:18 The focus with the frontal cortex
    0:51:21 on something you’re thinking about.
    0:51:22 So like when you’re walking,
    0:51:24 it’s easier to manipulate things abstractly in your mind
    0:51:26 than if you’re just sitting still and trying to do it.
    0:51:29 That’s why we see this, of course,
    0:51:31 famous thinkers and philosophers throughout history
    0:51:33 have these massive walking habits.
    0:51:35 Like that’s where they got their thinking done.
    0:51:38 It’s mostly movie based,
    0:51:38 but you see like people pacing too.
    0:51:40 Just kind of getting around,
    0:51:41 hand on the chin, walking around, thinking, pondering.
    0:51:45 There’s something about that movement.
    0:51:47 I’ve experienced this a few times myself
    0:51:49 when these insights,
    0:51:51 it doesn’t come from when you’re forced to do something.
    0:51:53 It’s like, go be creative.
    0:51:55 It’s like telling a comedian,
    0:51:56 hey, tell me a funny joke.
    0:51:57 It’s no, I can’t do that on command.
    0:51:59 I need some space here
    0:52:01 to almost let it percolate in the subconscious
    0:52:04 before it makes itself known.
    0:52:05 This is how I write, for example.
    0:52:07 The generation of the ideas,
    0:52:09 the structure in which I’m going to present the ideas,
    0:52:12 how the pieces fit together,
    0:52:13 that’s all on foot.
    0:52:13 And then I come in and I sit the focus on my screen
    0:52:17 for a separate activity,
    0:52:18 which is the craft of writing.
    0:52:19 And then that you have to sit for,
    0:52:21 because actually to put the final words on paper,
    0:52:25 you really need all hands on deck cognitively speaking,
    0:52:27 because that’s a very skilled, difficult,
    0:52:30 focused task of sentence creation.
    0:52:32 You have to spend 20 minutes
    0:52:33 to get into that state of focus,
    0:52:35 but I can’t come up with ideas that way.
    0:52:37 I’m known in my town
    0:52:38 as sort of the weird writer, professor guy who,
    0:52:40 I just walk and walk like all day long,
    0:52:43 because that’s my job in some senses.
    0:52:44 I have to come up with the ideas.
    0:52:45 That’s the best way to do it.
    0:52:47 And it’s also just insanely healthy for you.
    0:52:49 Talk about like your mental health
    0:52:51 and fitness and everything else.
    0:52:52 You should throw on a ruck pack with that
    0:52:54 and you’d be good to go.
    0:52:55 Get 25 pounds on your back while you’re doing it.
    0:52:57 You’re not the first person to tell me that.
    0:52:59 I think, yeah, several people,
    0:53:01 and they’re all in the West Coast.
    0:53:02 I think this is a Silicon Valley thing.
    0:53:04 Told me, ruck it.
    0:53:06 Have you ever listened to Dr. Peter Tito’s podcast?
    0:53:08 He talks about rucking a ton,
    0:53:10 and he’s been my physician for a decade.
    0:53:13 There’s something really powerful
    0:53:14 about getting your heart rate up into that zone two area.
    0:53:17 If you can just put on an extra 25 or 35 pounds,
    0:53:20 you can get close to that.
    0:53:21 It’s actually helped me a ton.
    0:53:22 Just like slim my waist up a little bit
    0:53:24 and just feel better generally.
    0:53:26 And I’m assuming walking with a ruck pack
    0:53:28 is different than like running.
    0:53:29 Like when you’re running, eventually,
    0:53:31 you’re exhausted, you’re short on breath,
    0:53:33 and that’s like all your brain goes to that.
    0:53:36 And then it’s hard to do anything else.
    0:53:37 Like I can’t think when I row or run,
    0:53:39 but I assume walking even with that,
    0:53:41 because I can think when I hike uphill,
    0:53:43 it’s like walking with extra weight.
    0:53:44 You get a better benefit, but you can still–
    0:53:46 That’s exactly right.
    0:53:48 If I’m on the peloton, cranking out
    0:53:50 a high-intensity interval training,
    0:53:51 there’s no in hell I’m getting anything done.
    0:53:53 I’m like, how do I not die from this?
    0:53:55 Awesome. So let’s talk about small tasks.
    0:53:59 These are the things that are, for me,
    0:54:01 it’s death by a thousand cuts.
    0:54:03 It’s all these little tiny micro things.
    0:54:04 Oh, there’s a doc you signed for here.
    0:54:06 It’s got to be signed today.
    0:54:07 You’ve got these incoming emails.
    0:54:09 This person has a question about this.
    0:54:10 How in the hell do we get into a place
    0:54:15 where this is something that doesn’t seem
    0:54:17 like this horrible distraction
    0:54:20 that just rips apart our day, fragments our brain,
    0:54:24 and squashes all productivity?
    0:54:26 Yeah, I’m surprised that this is not conversation one, two,
    0:54:30 and three when we think about running a productive business.
    0:54:33 It’s like everything.
    0:54:34 These small, urgent distractions
    0:54:37 that make it impossible to think.
    0:54:39 I don’t know why we don’t fear these
    0:54:41 and talk about these all the time.
    0:54:43 To me, it’s like I’m running a car factory
    0:54:46 and the electricity keeps going out
    0:54:47 and the assembly line keeps stopping
    0:54:49 and it’s completely reducing the flow massively
    0:54:52 of which cars are being built
    0:54:53 and we’re just putting up with it.
    0:54:54 Yeah, the electricity system’s bad.
    0:54:56 This is, I think, issues one, two, and three.
    0:54:58 There’s a couple preparation-based things
    0:55:01 that you could do here that stop the task
    0:55:03 from showing up in the first place.
    0:55:04 I think we should start there.
    0:55:05 So working on fewer active things is a key.
    0:55:09 I was missing this insight in my earlier work,
    0:55:11 but in this book I really got into this insight
    0:55:14 is just having fewer things generating overhead
    0:55:18 has got to be the first step.
    0:55:19 Going from 10 active things to 2, that makes a difference.
    0:55:22 All right, being careful in your choice of projects
    0:55:25 can make a difference as well.
    0:55:26 It’s an idea from the book that some types of projects
    0:55:29 are going to generate a huge amount
    0:55:31 of unscheduled urgent tasks.
    0:55:34 Other projects won’t.
    0:55:35 You want to prioritize
    0:55:36 about reducing those urgent, unscheduled tasks.
    0:55:39 Not how hard is the project going to be?
    0:55:40 How difficult am I going to have to think?
    0:55:43 Even how long it’s going to take, forget that.
    0:55:45 What you should care about is
    0:55:46 how many unscheduled urgent tasks
    0:55:49 is this going to generate?
    0:55:50 If it’s a lot, try to avoid taking on that particular project.
    0:55:54 Once you actually have the work in your sort of world
    0:55:57 and you have to deal with it,
    0:55:59 a big thing to tame
    0:56:00 becomes actually how the communication collaboration happens.
    0:56:03 So a lot of the sort of urgent things
    0:56:07 that are unscheduled
    0:56:08 but requires you to deal with
    0:56:09 tends to be back and forth communication.
    0:56:11 So if you don’t specify,
    0:56:13 here’s how we’re going to collaborate
    0:56:16 on this task to get it done.
    0:56:17 If you don’t specify it,
    0:56:18 the default will be what I call the hyperactive hive mind,
    0:56:21 which is we’ll rock and roll
    0:56:22 and figure things out on the fly with emails and Slack.
    0:56:25 Let’s just go.
    0:56:25 Hey, what about this?
    0:56:26 Did you see this?
    0:56:26 What do you think about that?
    0:56:27 Just we’ll just figure things out back and forth.
    0:56:29 That collaboration style is a disaster
    0:56:32 because what happens is
    0:56:34 everything I’m working on
    0:56:35 now has these ongoing conversations.
    0:56:37 I have to tend to them.
    0:56:39 I can’t just batch and say
    0:56:41 I will get back to my email in four hours
    0:56:43 because this conversation
    0:56:44 we’re having an email over here
    0:56:46 is going to have 10 back and forth messages
    0:56:48 and we have to get to a conclusion today.
    0:56:50 We’re trying to side on something for tomorrow
    0:56:52 and so I need to see your next message
    0:56:53 within the next 15 minutes
    0:56:55 or we’ll never get through everything
    0:56:56 in time to actually reach a conclusion.
    0:56:58 So it’s this sort of unstructured collaboration
    0:57:01 that drives us to have to check our inbox all the time,
    0:57:04 to check Slack all the time.
    0:57:05 So you can actually just say
    0:57:07 once you’ve reduced the amount of things
    0:57:09 you’re working on and have some breathing room,
    0:57:11 you can talk to the people you’re working with.
    0:57:13 How are we going to collaborate on this?
    0:57:15 And you figure it out in advance.
    0:57:17 You take a little time in advance.
    0:57:19 You work on this.
    0:57:20 I’ll work on that.
    0:57:21 I’ll put my comments into this shared doc
    0:57:23 by the end of day on this day.
    0:57:24 You can look at them
    0:57:25 and put your revisions by the end of day the next day
    0:57:28 and then after this meeting on Thursday,
    0:57:30 we’ll huddle up for 10 minutes
    0:57:32 and figure out what we want to do next.
    0:57:33 You just figure out the plan.
    0:57:35 Here is how this work is going to unfold.
    0:57:38 So we don’t have to rely
    0:57:39 on just unscheduled back and forth messaging.
    0:57:41 So you constrain the communication on what remains.
    0:57:44 Those three things together
    0:57:45 is going to make life so much easier.
    0:57:47 There’s a lot of devil in the details there though
    0:57:49 because if you imagine a typical chunk of people
    0:57:52 that are working on a project
    0:57:53 and I’m just thinking software development in my head,
    0:57:55 let’s just say we have seven or eight people
    0:57:58 working on one launch.
    0:58:00 You’re right in that it’s going to be slack in email,
    0:58:02 largely slack.
    0:58:03 And there’s just a quick back and forth expected.
    0:58:06 If you’re the one that’s read slow productivity
    0:58:08 and nobody else has on that team
    0:58:11 and everybody else is just like used to using slack
    0:58:15 as this instant back and forth throughout the day,
    0:58:18 what can I do to convince my coworkers
    0:58:22 to take a beat and move to something.
    0:58:24 I don’t want to be the odd one out here.
    0:58:26 You know what I’m saying?
    0:58:27 How do you get people on board?
    0:58:29 You don’t explicitly try to get them on board.
    0:58:32 You just say, here’s what we’re doing.
    0:58:34 This is one strategy.
    0:58:35 So you don’t give a speech about,
    0:58:37 let me talk about attention capital
    0:58:39 and context switching costs.
    0:58:41 And we need to move away from the hyperactive hive mind.
    0:58:43 You’re just like, all right team,
    0:58:44 like we got to get this website updated
    0:58:47 for the new product launch.
    0:58:48 Here’s the things that need to get done.
    0:58:50 Here’s how I think we should do it.
    0:58:51 I will do this by the end of this day.
    0:58:52 You can do this on this day.
    0:58:53 We’ll then meet here for our final meeting.
    0:58:55 Here are the five times that seem to work for everyone.
    0:58:58 Just put in the dock before we get there,
    0:58:59 like which of the days you’re going to do.
    0:59:00 Okay, let’s go.
    0:59:01 I call this process-centric emailing,
    0:59:03 but you’re just sort of laying out what you’re going to do
    0:59:06 and just telling the other people.
    0:59:08 You’re not really explaining the philosophy behind it.
    0:59:10 So that’s one way.
    0:59:10 There’s a couple other things you can do.
    0:59:12 On your own end, something that works really well
    0:59:14 for things that aren’t so regular is just have office hours.
    0:59:18 This is a big sort of Jason Freed base camp idea.
    0:59:21 A set time every day in which I’m always available.
    0:59:25 My door’s open.
    0:59:26 I have like a team’s meeting open.
    0:59:28 My phone’s on or whatever.
    0:59:29 You can start deflecting stuff to that.
    0:59:31 So all you’re saying to people, if it’s not super urgent,
    0:59:34 yeah, we should get into that.
    0:59:36 I have office hours every day at this time.
    0:59:37 Next time it’s convenient, just hop over.
    0:59:39 We’ll figure it out.
    0:59:40 So now you’re deferring some things, the office hours.
    0:59:42 And then the third way is at the team level
    0:59:44 to do talk about this and have better systems.
    0:59:47 It’s like software development is interesting
    0:59:49 because that’s already been done.
    0:59:51 That type of thinking has been done
    0:59:52 when it comes to the straight up coding.
    0:59:54 This was figured out in the early 2000s.
    0:59:56 Actually, if we have some sort of agile methodology
    0:59:59 where we keep track of features separately from individuals,
    1:00:02 an individual sprint on one feature at a time
    1:00:05 and we check in with a daily stand up,
    1:00:07 that’s an idea for breaking up a workload and communication
    1:00:11 that works much better than,
    1:00:13 hey, let’s all just like rock and roll.
    1:00:15 Can you do this feature?
    1:00:16 What’s going on with that feature?
    1:00:17 Computer programmers will figure this out.
    1:00:19 They have alternative systems.
    1:00:20 Yeah, it’s interesting we never applied that everywhere else
    1:00:23 because you’re right.
    1:00:24 That agile methodology and these ideas of daily stand ups,
    1:00:28 it works and yet we stopped there.
    1:00:30 We were never like, hey, we should apply this same thing
    1:00:33 to other types of workers in the office.
    1:00:36 We should.
    1:00:36 To me, the core idea behind any sort of Kanban based system,
    1:00:40 the core idea that should be relevant to all knowledge
    1:00:42 workers is centralization of workload.
    1:00:45 We don’t realize the degree to which in most knowledge work
    1:00:47 positions, all the work that needs to be done
    1:00:50 is haphazardly distributed among individuals.
    1:00:52 Everyone owns it, right?
    1:00:53 I own this one, you own that one.
    1:00:55 It’s all about who emailed who.
    1:00:56 In agile and Kanban type systems,
    1:00:59 all the work that needs to be done is not owned by individuals.
    1:01:02 It’s on a board over here.
    1:01:03 The whole team owns it.
    1:01:04 And then individuals work on a small number of things at a time
    1:01:07 and then pull in something new when they’re ready.
    1:01:10 That one insight can transform any knowledge work group
    1:01:14 of when something needs to be done,
    1:01:16 I have a place to put it so I don’t have to keep track of it.
    1:01:18 But I also don’t have to just obligation hot potato it
    1:01:21 onto your plate where now it’s something that’s like
    1:01:23 generating stress, administrative overhead.
    1:01:25 So even that idea of here’s the things our team needs to do.
    1:01:30 Here’s what each person is currently working on
    1:01:32 and we can see it.
    1:01:33 That idea alone is a massive improvement.
    1:01:37 I think it’s because software has a foot in industrial
    1:01:39 and a foot in knowledge work.
    1:01:41 It’s knowledge work because it’s all done with your brain.
    1:01:43 But it’s industrial because you’re producing a product
    1:01:45 to specs on a timeline.
    1:01:47 So they’re much more willing to do process engineering.
    1:01:50 Knowledge work is tainted by this big belief in autonomy.
    1:01:54 This idea that it’s up to the individual
    1:01:56 to figure out how to do their work.
    1:01:57 It’s no one else’s business,
    1:01:58 but the individual about how they manage their labor,
    1:02:01 how they manage their time,
    1:02:03 how they manage their workload.
    1:02:04 That’s not our business.
    1:02:05 Our business as a manager is to give them objectives.
    1:02:08 Here’s your KPIs, hit them.
    1:02:10 I don’t want to know how you’re doing it.
    1:02:11 So we have this sort of barrier between objectives
    1:02:15 and process.
    1:02:16 And Peter Drucker, who came up with management by objectives
    1:02:20 and coined the term knowledge work.
    1:02:21 This was his big thing.
    1:02:23 I think we’re now paying a price for going too far with this.
    1:02:25 We don’t think in peer knowledge work enough
    1:02:27 about how the work actually happens.
    1:02:29 One of the points that you mentioned in the book,
    1:02:31 the last of the three major points,
    1:02:33 is this idea of obsessing over quality.
    1:02:36 Why is that so important?
    1:02:37 Well, if you want to slow down,
    1:02:40 ultimately you have to do this.
    1:02:42 The first principles are about
    1:02:43 you’re doing less things, you’re removing something,
    1:02:45 you’re spending more time,
    1:02:46 you’re having more variation intensity,
    1:02:48 you’re better matching natural rhythms,
    1:02:50 just taking things away.
    1:02:51 You have to balance that out
    1:02:53 with a commitment to the things you’re doing,
    1:02:55 doing them better.
    1:02:56 I want to do things really well.
    1:02:58 That’s what makes the whole slow productivity mindset
    1:03:00 not just be I want to work less,
    1:03:03 but actually is a sustainable for both the individual
    1:03:06 and their clients and their employer
    1:03:08 and the people that they’re servicing.
    1:03:11 But the other thing that happens
    1:03:12 when you really start to care about craft,
    1:03:14 slowness no longer seems artificial or unattainable,
    1:03:18 but instead begins to seem necessary.
    1:03:20 When I really care about doing something really well,
    1:03:23 suit or productivity becomes anathema.
    1:03:25 My inbox being so full becomes a crisis.
    1:03:28 My workload having 10 or 15 other projects
    1:03:31 becomes something that I have to fix.
    1:03:32 So that mindset of what matters
    1:03:34 is the quality of what I do best.
    1:03:37 Make slowness makes the non-business
    1:03:40 seem like by far like the self-evident way
    1:03:43 that you need to work.
    1:03:44 So it’s sort of the engine
    1:03:45 that drives the slow productivity mindset.
    1:03:47 There must also be a component
    1:03:49 that is satisfaction with your output,
    1:03:52 just being proud of what you have produced for the world.
    1:03:55 When I think about some of the artisan Japanese masters
    1:03:58 that I’ve had the pleasure of visiting,
    1:04:00 they actually in Japan,
    1:04:02 they have this designation for living legends
    1:04:04 of these craftspeople that are just like producing
    1:04:07 high quality works.
    1:04:08 I was in this little tiny town
    1:04:09 about two and a half hour train ride outside of Tokyo,
    1:04:12 and I met one of the living legends
    1:04:14 that was a woodworker,
    1:04:15 and he had a space that was three people working in there.
    1:04:20 He was in his 80s and his hand carving
    1:04:24 like these beautiful wooden bowls and polishing them.
    1:04:26 And there was just like this attention to detail
    1:04:29 and his satisfaction.
    1:04:31 And one bowl would take him like three months to produce
    1:04:34 this little tiny bowl.
    1:04:35 You can’t help but look at that
    1:04:36 and say, gosh, when you obsess over quality,
    1:04:39 it becomes your life’s work.
    1:04:41 There’s something beautiful
    1:04:42 and deeply satisfying about that.
    1:04:44 Do you think that’s a very important aspect to this
    1:04:47 in finding satisfaction in your work
    1:04:48 is the quality component?
    1:04:50 Yeah, I mean, this is something that
    1:04:52 busyness and pseudo productivity robs us of.
    1:04:54 So when work becomes all about activity,
    1:04:57 we have to begin prioritizing activity.
    1:05:00 I’m moving really quick.
    1:05:01 I’m answering things.
    1:05:01 We have to stay away from things
    1:05:03 that require more long-term focused effort.
    1:05:06 We get alienated and I use this phrase.
    1:05:08 It’s a German concept that comes out of Marxism,
    1:05:11 this alienation from labor.
    1:05:13 Actually, this is a relevant way to think about
    1:05:15 what’s happening with pseudo productivity
    1:05:18 is that we get alienated from our ability
    1:05:20 to produce things that matter.
    1:05:22 And that really is a state that’s psychologically distressing.
    1:05:26 It’s the, this is me.
    1:05:28 It’s like the Pale King, David Foster Wallace.
    1:05:30 Just I’m sitting here moving things back and forth,
    1:05:32 emails back and forth.
    1:05:33 I’m going on Zooms, taking notes from the meetings
    1:05:37 and sending follow-up.
    1:05:38 What am I actually doing here?
    1:05:39 That is supremely frustrating.
    1:05:41 Humans like to see their intentions
    1:05:43 made manifest concretely in the world.
    1:05:45 That’s a quote from Matt Crawford.
    1:05:47 And shop class is soul craft.
    1:05:50 When he talks about the pleasures of manual competency,
    1:05:53 we like to see our intentions made manifest
    1:05:55 concretely in the world.
    1:05:57 We do get great pleasure out of it.
    1:05:58 So that’s part of what makes slow productivity
    1:06:00 a lot more sustainable.
    1:06:01 It’s not just that you’re not overloaded,
    1:06:03 but you can actually see what you’re producing
    1:06:05 and care about it.
    1:06:07 This is the nexus of the argument
    1:06:08 that I sometimes fall into with more of the anti-work crowd
    1:06:12 who’s responding to a similar issue,
    1:06:14 which is this sort of sense of nihilism and exhaustion and work.
    1:06:17 But they lay the issues entirely at the feet
    1:06:20 of just capitalist structures.
    1:06:22 And they don’t like when I emphasize this other part
    1:06:24 of like, well, actually there’s parts of work
    1:06:26 that are really deeply meaningful to people.
    1:06:29 And reclaiming that is not only going to be very sustainable,
    1:06:33 but it’s probably something that is way more approachable
    1:06:35 than replacing capitalism.
    1:06:37 That building work more about craft and less about business
    1:06:40 is something that could make us much happier
    1:06:43 and it’s much more proximate
    1:06:44 than waiting for the eventual collapse of late-stage capitalism
    1:06:47 or some revolutionary ideology or utopian vision.
    1:06:51 So yeah, you’re 100% right.
    1:06:52 Work is more satisfying when we’re producing stuff that’s good
    1:06:55 and we’re getting better at doing it
    1:06:56 and we’re getting recognition that it’s good.
    1:06:58 And people are saying that is a really good bowl.
    1:07:00 We’re wired for that.
    1:07:02 We eat that up.
    1:07:03 Yeah, we eat it up.
    1:07:04 I bought one of the bowls.
    1:07:05 I definitely was like, this is too good.
    1:07:07 And then just owning a piece of that
    1:07:09 when you can see the effort that went into it
    1:07:12 is just a beautiful thing.
    1:07:13 I’d like to end on one question for you personally.
    1:07:16 It was someone that’s been so prolific
    1:07:18 about writing about deep work and slow productivity.
    1:07:21 How do you structure your own day?
    1:07:22 Can you walk me through a day in the life of Cal Newport?
    1:07:26 What does it look like from rise
    1:07:27 to actually calling it a day and going to sleep?
    1:07:31 I think you have to start with the question
    1:07:32 of how do I structure my year?
    1:07:33 Because a big part of what I do is I don’t like business
    1:07:37 and I don’t like having a ton of things on my calendar.
    1:07:39 I work only in roughly a nine to five schedule.
    1:07:41 That’s always been my commitment to myself and my family.
    1:07:44 And so you have to look at how I schedule my year
    1:07:46 because I sequence.
    1:07:47 I work on this during this season,
    1:07:50 this other thing during that season.
    1:07:51 I never want to be working on too much at the same time.
    1:07:54 So you’re like seasonal working.
    1:07:56 So you divide up work based on seasons?
    1:07:59 Yes.
    1:08:00 How do you do that?
    1:08:00 It doesn’t even make sense to me.
    1:08:02 I don’t know how that works.
    1:08:03 Partially I’m a college professor,
    1:08:04 so it’s a little bit more natural.
    1:08:06 For example, this season,
    1:08:07 I’m very much in book publicity mode.
    1:08:09 So I’m not trying to write a book
    1:08:11 or make a major academic breakthrough.
    1:08:14 The summers, I disappear.
    1:08:15 I’m a college professor.
    1:08:16 I don’t take summer salary from research grants
    1:08:18 in the summer.
    1:08:19 I pay my own way and disappear.
    1:08:20 That’s when I do a lot of deep thinking.
    1:08:22 I do a lot of writing.
    1:08:24 I work through notions for books.
    1:08:26 There’ll be certain semesters where I say,
    1:08:27 this is really like an academic semester.
    1:08:29 I now stack my classes.
    1:08:31 So there’ll be a semester where I’m teaching,
    1:08:33 doing all my teaching.
    1:08:34 Great.
    1:08:34 So I can just be locked in on my students
    1:08:36 and what they need in academic life.
    1:08:38 And another semester, I might be doing no teaching.
    1:08:41 It’s like, great, I’m writing these papers
    1:08:42 and that’s what I’m focusing on.
    1:08:44 I’ll write a book and then after a book,
    1:08:45 I’ll focus for a while on a bunch of academic papers.
    1:08:48 Then I’ll focus back on a book.
    1:08:49 So I sequence.
    1:08:50 But if you zoom out over five years or 10 years,
    1:08:53 a lot of things finish in there.
    1:08:55 The fundamental attribution error, though,
    1:08:57 is not to look at the things
    1:08:58 that I did in the last 10 years
    1:09:00 and imagine me working on all those things
    1:09:02 at the same time during those 10 years.
    1:09:05 Because I don’t like busyness.
    1:09:06 I don’t like having a lot to do.
    1:09:08 I like having a lot of breathing room.
    1:09:10 If I don’t get a lot of deep work,
    1:09:12 I tend to get pretty upset.
    1:09:13 But what that look like differs by the day.
    1:09:16 So like in the summer, I take no meetings.
    1:09:18 I have nothing on my calendar on Mondays or Fridays.
    1:09:20 And the things that are on my calendars
    1:09:22 are the afternoons, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursdays.
    1:09:24 The rest of this time is just like focused deep work.
    1:09:26 That looks very different in a teaching semester.
    1:09:28 Where, OK, I’m not getting long periods of deep work.
    1:09:32 But what I’m doing is juggling the plates
    1:09:34 to handle my classes and administrative duties really well.
    1:09:37 My day depends on the season.
    1:09:39 And I change up and down different types of things.
    1:09:42 I keep varying that.
    1:09:43 I love that.
    1:09:44 The summertime, Monday, Friday free, must be so nice
    1:09:49 in terms of one, the space to get outside.
    1:09:52 Because summers times are typically beautiful
    1:09:54 and just having a little bit more flexibility on that
    1:09:56 and enjoy the weather for what it is.
    1:09:58 And then just having the downtime to get creative
    1:10:02 on those days must just be beautiful.
    1:10:04 It sounds like a fantastic thing.
    1:10:06 I might steal from you and pick up.
    1:10:07 One of the things that I had the luxury of working at
    1:10:10 the Nevada test site for the Department of Energy
    1:10:12 when I was very young.
    1:10:13 And we did four day work weeks.
    1:10:15 And I loved it.
    1:10:17 It was every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday you had off.
    1:10:20 I’ve heard that starting to pick up again
    1:10:22 and that some companies are starting to dabble with that.
    1:10:25 Speaking of taking days off, are you a fan of that?
    1:10:27 I’m fine with it.
    1:10:30 If you deal with the deeper problems first.
    1:10:32 So if you deal with the problem of workloads,
    1:10:35 I’m working on too many things concurrently,
    1:10:37 the administrative overhead is choking me.
    1:10:39 Like you need to solve those problems.
    1:10:41 If you solve those problems, then you can actually realize,
    1:10:44 hey, four days of work might be enough.
    1:10:46 Or we don’t need all five days or we change it seasonally.
    1:10:49 We have summer hours.
    1:10:50 What I don’t think works is taking a culture
    1:10:53 where everyone is overworked because they have too much
    1:10:55 on their plate and the administrative overhead
    1:10:57 is choking off their time and they’re having to work
    1:10:58 in the mornings and late at night.
    1:11:00 They go into a culture like that and say,
    1:11:01 we’ll solve this by saying don’t work on Friday.
    1:11:04 You’re not really solving the problem.
    1:11:05 Because all of those things are still on your plate.
    1:11:07 All that administrative overhead is still there.
    1:11:10 It doesn’t make it worse.
    1:11:12 This is another sort of Jason Fried case study.
    1:11:14 They experimented with this in the summer.
    1:11:16 And they found that actually people adapted to their being
    1:11:19 less time and they adapted their workloads.
    1:11:21 So I don’t think it’s the worst thing.
    1:11:22 But I don’t want it to be seen as the ultimate solution.
    1:11:26 I think the ultimate things we need to do are internal.
    1:11:28 How do we manage our workloads?
    1:11:30 How much work should people be working on at once?
    1:11:32 How do we communicate about this work?
    1:11:34 Do we focus on activity or do we focus on output?
    1:11:37 You make those changes.
    1:11:38 You get the really big results and then you can mess around
    1:11:41 with things like what days you work or should we care?
    1:11:44 Or what hybrid schedule or like a lot of that stuff
    1:11:46 can’t solve these problems by itself.
    1:11:50 But become interesting options once you solve the deeper
    1:11:53 original problems.
    1:11:54 Yeah, you must be friendly with Jason Fried.
    1:11:58 Yeah, we did a book launch event for two books ago.
    1:12:00 Yeah, I know Jason.
    1:12:01 That’s awesome.
    1:12:02 Yeah, Jason is one of my favorite humans in terms of just being
    1:12:06 such a creative thinker when it comes to how to run a business
    1:12:11 and reimagine almost every aspect of running a business.
    1:12:14 I’ve had the chance to brainstorm with them.
    1:12:16 We used to be on a board together.
    1:12:17 So we would just shoot the shit from time to time.
    1:12:20 His mind and where it goes and the things he dreams up for
    1:12:23 his employees and the series of experiments.
    1:12:26 It’s just so fun to watch.
    1:12:27 So fun to watch.
    1:12:28 He’s a chill guy.
    1:12:29 I think most people in the startup culture I’m assuming
    1:12:32 feel like I don’t have time or I can’t risk doing this.
    1:12:35 That’s right.
    1:12:35 But I’m always surprised.
    1:12:36 There’s not more people who have these sort of stable startups
    1:12:40 like Basecamp is that aren’t being super experimental
    1:12:44 and like swapping best practices and just read their manual,
    1:12:48 which is online.
    1:12:49 It’s just full of interesting ideas like cycling is another one.
    1:12:53 Like we have off cycles and down cycles.
    1:12:55 I wish there was 100 startups that were equivalently
    1:12:59 aggressive about experimenting because imagine all the
    1:13:01 interesting stuff we’d come up with if we had so much sampling
    1:13:04 going on out there.
    1:13:05 You know what the key was for Jason is that he never took
    1:13:07 on venture capital.
    1:13:08 He was never beholden to go and have some massive exit.
    1:13:13 And so it wasn’t like he was shooting to be a multi-billion
    1:13:16 dollar company and he has a massive business.
    1:13:17 Basecamp’s a huge tool as is Hay and the other stuff that he
    1:13:21 experiments with, but he kept it all private so he could grow
    1:13:24 at his own natural organic pace.
    1:13:26 He had the luxury of being able to say I don’t have to be
    1:13:29 beholden to these other venture capitals.
    1:13:30 I can just go and mix things up whenever I want,
    1:13:32 which I think is is essential.
    1:13:34 Do you agree with this theory that part of what happens is
    1:13:37 when you’re a small startup, actually you do need to work
    1:13:39 in a sort of hyperactive all hands on deck way because
    1:13:42 there’s just too much going on to structure.
    1:13:44 And then once you’re used to that, it’s hard to turn off
    1:13:46 once you get bigger.
    1:13:47 One of my theories like venture capitalists are like,
    1:13:49 I want to see the lights on.
    1:13:50 But for good reason, because if you’re a four person startup,
    1:13:54 you have to just be on Slack all day or in the same room
    1:13:56 because there’s a thousand things and it’s all new.
    1:13:59 And then my theory is it becomes hard.
    1:14:01 You then say this is fundamentally what you need to
    1:14:03 succeed in a business, but a business is at a thousand
    1:14:06 employees is a completely different beast than four
    1:14:09 employees in three weeks in.
    1:14:11 There’s different stages of pain.
    1:14:13 You can manage the general kind of philosophy and ethos
    1:14:16 within your organization up to about 20, 25 people.
    1:14:20 And then all of a sudden not everyone can be in the same
    1:14:22 meeting.
    1:14:23 And then there’s a whole another set of problems of,
    1:14:25 oh, I missed that meeting.
    1:14:26 Why wasn’t I included or now I’m not on the same page?
    1:14:29 And now you’re dealing with just broken lines of communication
    1:14:32 that need to be repaired and you have to figure out new
    1:14:35 workarounds.
    1:14:36 There is some truth to every time you add a new employee,
    1:14:39 you’re actually starting over again.
    1:14:41 Like you have a brand new startup because it grows the
    1:14:44 team and things break in certain ways.
    1:14:46 It’s really challenging, but I would say the thing that’s
    1:14:50 tough almost more than anything else is when you get to a
    1:14:55 size call it 50 or 75 where you realize that that team that
    1:15:00 you had when it was 10 people needs a little bit more
    1:15:03 structure.
    1:15:04 And oftentimes people tend to go too hard in that
    1:15:06 direction and you lose the creativity.
    1:15:09 And then all of a sudden you’re trying to implement
    1:15:11 processes from Google and other big companies and you
    1:15:14 become a big company and the innovation suffers because
    1:15:17 of it.
    1:15:18 Start ups are a pain in the ass.
    1:15:20 I’m done building them.
    1:15:22 They are so difficult.
    1:15:23 There’s nonstop fires, which for me, I feel like I’m
    1:15:26 finally starting to realize that let’s just stick to
    1:15:28 podcasting and doing investments on the side.
    1:15:30 That sounds like a much better.
    1:15:31 And hopefully interview people like you and help other
    1:15:33 people adopt some of these better practices that are
    1:15:35 coming to light.
    1:15:37 So, Cal, it was a pleasure having you on.
    1:15:38 But before we go, slow productivity.
    1:15:40 We covered bits and pieces of it sprinkled throughout
    1:15:42 our conversation today.
    1:15:44 But for people that, okay, that was a really
    1:15:46 interesting conversation.
    1:15:47 I want to learn more.
    1:15:48 What can people expect to learn in this book?
    1:15:50 How would you present it to someone that had never
    1:15:53 read anything that you’ve done in the past?
    1:15:54 Right.
    1:15:55 So in the first part of the book, I make that argument
    1:15:57 about how do we get to where we are today with
    1:15:59 pseudo productivity and the front office IT revolution
    1:16:02 and why that spun off the rails.
    1:16:03 The second part, I give those three principles for the
    1:16:06 slower, more outcome based philosophy.
    1:16:09 I really see two audiences for the book.
    1:16:11 They’re both served.
    1:16:12 So entrepreneurs or solopreneurs or freelancers who
    1:16:16 have a huge amount of autonomy.
    1:16:17 You’re going to get pretty radical ideas in here about
    1:16:20 how to radically reshape what you do around these
    1:16:22 principles.
    1:16:23 And then the other audience are people who work for
    1:16:25 large companies.
    1:16:26 And how can you personally change the way that you
    1:16:28 approach your work and manage your workload and
    1:16:30 communicate with other people and conceptualize your
    1:16:32 career to integrate these ideas?
    1:16:35 So really both audiences are served by the book.
    1:16:39 But what I hope you come away with is an
    1:16:41 understanding of what you think of as productivity
    1:16:44 right now really is broken.
    1:16:45 And there are alternatives.
    1:16:47 They’re not easy, but they’re also not impossible.
    1:16:49 There’s some principles that make sense.
    1:16:51 And there’s a bunch of tactics in there to give you
    1:16:53 ideas about how you put them in the practice.
    1:16:55 Yeah, I love this.
    1:16:56 This is a true story.
    1:16:58 Last night, when I was going through the book and
    1:17:00 reading it and finishing up on it, I emailed
    1:17:02 my assistant and she’s amazing.
    1:17:04 She’s like this ultimate Swiss Army knife.
    1:17:06 And we’re always trying to figure out how to be on
    1:17:07 the same page about things and how not to overload
    1:17:10 calendars and all of that stuff.
    1:17:12 I told her, I said, you can expense this.
    1:17:14 Please go download this book right away.
    1:17:16 We need to start implementing some of the ideas here
    1:17:18 because they’re not obvious.
    1:17:20 But when you hear them, they feel very obvious.
    1:17:22 I wouldn’t have thought of that on my own, but when I
    1:17:24 hear it, I’m like, oh my God, this makes a ton of sense.
    1:17:26 It’s funny.
    1:17:27 Last thing, and I’ll let you go.
    1:17:28 I promise I had this idea about a decade ago because
    1:17:32 I always have had an issue with email stacking up.
    1:17:34 And I wanted to write an email application that, you talk
    1:17:38 about this, and we didn’t really cover this much detail
    1:17:39 today, but you talked about this idea of push versus
    1:17:42 pull strategies, which is quite fascinating.
    1:17:44 And one of the things that I wanted to do in an email
    1:17:47 client was that when you emailed me, if I had a Q longer
    1:17:51 than a certain amount of unread emails, you would get
    1:17:54 an auto response back and it would say, hey, just so
    1:17:56 you know, Kevin reads about 10 to 15 emails on average.
    1:18:00 You are currently number 87 in the queue.
    1:18:03 We expect that he will read your email by this time and date.
    1:18:06 And if you would like to jump the queue because this is
    1:18:08 ultra urgent, click this button.
    1:18:10 And so if you click the button, it would then enable
    1:18:12 them to jump the queue because they’re saying this is
    1:18:14 super important.
    1:18:15 Otherwise, then I could just slowly pick away at that
    1:18:18 list and not feel uncomfortable about it.
    1:18:20 And I never built it, but it was this idea.
    1:18:22 And I was reading your book and I was like,
    1:18:23 somebody needs to build a suite of slow tools.
    1:18:26 Screw the modern productivity stuff.
    1:18:28 Let’s build the stuff to slow us down.
    1:18:30 Is anybody doing that?
    1:18:31 It’s a problem.
    1:18:32 I’m thinking about this.
    1:18:33 I call this psychologically aware productivity or
    1:18:35 neurologically aware productivity.
    1:18:37 So productivity that’s not based on speed of doing
    1:18:40 things, but on the reality of how the human brain works.
    1:18:43 Some of this stuff is creeping in.
    1:18:46 There is a menu somewhere, for example, in Microsoft Outlook
    1:18:49 where the term deep work for my book, Deep Work from 2016,
    1:18:52 does show up.
    1:18:52 So these things are out there.
    1:18:54 Focus time, deep work time.
    1:18:56 This is something that’s coming up in some of these tools.
    1:18:59 But I like the way you’re thinking about it.
    1:19:01 Let’s just go all out.
    1:19:02 Like our goal here is to give people less context switching,
    1:19:06 be able to spend more time on things without distraction,
    1:19:09 more efficiency in how they consolidate communication.
    1:19:13 So it’s not happening spread out throughout the day.
    1:19:16 I think it would completely change.
    1:19:17 Like another thing your tool could say is you have a
    1:19:20 couple options there.
    1:19:21 One of the options also being here’s a bunch of quick
    1:19:24 10 minute slots that are available later today.
    1:19:27 Yes.
    1:19:28 That you could just discuss this and figure it out.
    1:19:30 That’s my office hours.
    1:19:31 That’s it.
    1:19:31 Just click on one of these right now.
    1:19:33 Okay, that doesn’t work.
    1:19:34 Okay, what about it that’s going to take this long
    1:19:36 or give these options for when and how can I talk about
    1:19:40 these things?
    1:19:41 Yeah, I love that idea.
    1:19:42 Here, I’ll tell you this.
    1:19:43 I have talked to some CEOs from well-known companies in
    1:19:46 the space who recognize that there’s so much money on
    1:19:48 the table in knowledge work, just in terms of the value
    1:19:52 being produced per human brain hired.
    1:19:54 There’s so much money on the table because we are
    1:19:58 so bad at utilizing human brains because we keep
    1:20:00 them context switching and overloaded that there’s a
    1:20:04 trillion dollar market cap on the table.
    1:20:06 And so they know one of the CEOs said figuring out
    1:20:08 how to really work with human brains and have the
    1:20:10 tools to do that’s the moonshot of the 21st century.
    1:20:12 They know there’s huge opportunity here.
    1:20:15 They’re having a hard time getting through the
    1:20:16 mindset of what matters is accessibility of
    1:20:19 information, speed of execution.
    1:20:21 And I do not think just accessibility of
    1:20:23 information and speed of execution.
    1:20:25 That’s what computer processors need.
    1:20:27 Human brains need less information bothering them.
    1:20:31 They need less context switching.
    1:20:34 They need to be able to focus on one thing at a time.
    1:20:37 Yeah, I agree.
    1:20:38 There’s a slow suite of tools to be deployed here
    1:20:41 that are built on.
    1:20:42 We want a human brain to do what human brains do best.
    1:20:45 A company that said that is our number one ethos.
    1:20:48 Giving human brains the best possible environment
    1:20:50 to do human brain stuff.
    1:20:51 And I do think it would look very different than
    1:20:53 what we’re doing right now.
    1:20:55 Yeah, I agree.
    1:20:55 Someone needs to build that.
    1:20:57 Sadly, I’m out of the game.
    1:20:58 Maybe it’s your turn to go jump in.
    1:20:59 No, you just taught me how terrible startups are, Kevin.
    1:21:02 That’s the problem.
    1:21:03 It is horrible.
    1:21:03 Just scared everyone off.
    1:21:05 Yeah, exactly.
    1:21:06 Someone will listen to this and hopefully go build it.
    1:21:08 But, Cal, thank you so much, man.
    1:21:09 It’s been a pleasure to hang out, to chat about this stuff,
    1:21:12 to meet you for the first time even virtually.
    1:21:14 And I hope we get a chat again soon.
    1:21:16 I enjoyed it. Thanks.

    Kevin Rose sits down with Cal Newport a New York Times best-selling author, to dissect productivity fundamentals, including three core principles: doing fewer things, working at a natural pace, and obsessing over quality. They explore the historical context of productivity, the impact of technology on work habits, and the role of AI in productivity. Cal shares insights from his latest book, Slow Productivity, and gives practical tips for maintaining deep focus.

    Guest Bio and Links:

    Cal is an MIT-trained computer science professor at Georgetown University who also writes about the intersections of technology, work, and the quest to find depth in an increasingly distracted world. Cal is known for his unique stance of not using any social media. This decision underscores his deep work philosophy and adds an intriguing layer to his productivity and digital wellness expertise.

    Listeners can learn more about Cal Newport at https://www.calnewport.com/, on YouTube – / @calnewportmedia

    Resources:

    Kevin’s Newsletter: https://www.kevinrose.com

    Rise and Fall of Getting Things Done

    Cal Newport’s Books – https://calnewport.com/writing/#books

    Show Notes:

    0:00 Introduction

    1:10 Cal’s latest book: Slow Productivity

    2:10 Defining productivity

    5:30 Pseudo productivity and the impact of remote work

    9:20 The Front Office IT revolution

    14:30 ”Time and space are needed to craft important things” -Cal Newport

    16:00 Task switching and multitasking

    18:00 Why productivity tools don’t stick

    24:25 The introduction of AI in the knowledge workspace

    30:35 The role of intentional AI

    38:35 Kevin’s Newsletter: https://kevinrose.com

    39:20 Three adaptable principles in the 21st century

    47:45 How to prioritize commitments

    50:33 Importance of environmental cues in cognitive work

    56:00 Handling small tasks and preventing fragmentation

    1:05:00 Importance of obsessing over the quality of work

    1:05:45 “The other thing that happens when you really start to care about craft, slowness no longer seems artificial or unattainable, but instead begins to seem necessary.” -Cal Newport

    1:10:30 Day in the life of Cal Newport

    1:20:24 Takeaways from Slow Productivity

    This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.kevinrose.com/subscribe

  • Start Doing The Right Thing Now with Ryan Holiday (#60)

    AI transcript
    0:00:00 With Twitter X platforming, de-platforming, Elon hands the keys to the castle.
    0:00:05 What the hell do you do with that mess?
    0:00:07 That is a fascinating- I don’t know.
    0:00:09 12 best-selling books.
    0:00:10 You talk about philosophy.
    0:00:11 Brian Holliday, everybody.
    0:00:12 The thing that you said in the book early on was that you described justice as a verb, not a noun.
    0:00:17 How can you actually define that for us?
    0:00:19 We think of justice as something you get.

    Kevin Rose sits down with Ryan Holiday, a best-selling author and modern Stoic philosopher to discuss Stoic virtues, focusing on the importance of justice as a guiding principle for all other virtues. They discuss how individual actions, even small ones, contribute to a greater societal good. Ryan shares insights from his new book, Right Thing, Right Now, which is out June 11th, 2024. Ryan also explains how justice should be viewed as a verb, not a noun, and gives practical applications explaining why. Kevin and Ryan also speak on the challenges of modern information dissemination, audience capture, and maintaining ethical standards in business and personal life.

    Guest Bio and Links:

    Ryan Holiday is a writer and media strategist renowned for his stoicism and modern philosophy expertise. He had a successful marketing career at American Apparel. He later founded Brass Check, a creative agency that has advised high-profile clients like Google and bestselling authors such as Neil Strauss, Tony Robbins, and Tim Ferriss. Ryan is the author of twelve books, which have sold over two million copies in thirty languages. 

    Listeners can learn more about Ryan Holiday at his website, on IG @ryanholiday, and on YouTube @DailyStoic 

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    Resources:

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    Ryan Holiday’s Books and Courses

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    Show Notes: 

    * (0:00) Introduction

    * (1:00) Plunge: Get $150 off the ultimate cold plunge ice bath

    * (2:45) DeleteMe: 20% off removing your personal info from the web 

    * (5:30) Right Thing, Right Now out June 11th, 2024 

    * (5:40) Series on the cardinal virtues  

    * (6:30) Ryan’s inspiration for his latest book, Right Thing, Right Now  

    * (9:00) Justice as a virtue

    * (12:26) Dram: Try the Kevin Rose Show sparkling drink sampler + 20% off everything

    * (13:45) Enjoy 30 Free Guided Meditation Sessions with The Way App    

    * (15:30) Defining justice as a verb and its practical applications

    * (21:10) Harry Truman an example of fairness and justice in everyday decisions  

    * (28:30) ‘Audience capture’ as an under-discussed problem   

    * (30:40) “The decision to do what you think is important, even when it’s going to be controversial or painful or cost you some money. I don’t even think it’s a choice for me. That’s the obligation of art in any of the forms that you do it.” -R. Holiday

    * (41:00) Question: How do you further yourself? How do you start to embody more of these things over time and practice what you preach? 

    * (44:30) Cost of success and the cost of ‘work-life balance’ 

    * (46:00) Question: Would you ever write a book on relationships?

    * (48:00) Breaking down societal assumptions 

    * (52:20) Difference between a great man and a good one

    * (58:45) Amor fati 

    * (1:03:00) Tribalism explained – politics being the example

    * (1:14:10) Takeaways from Right Thing, Right Now 

    * (1:14:30) “Purpose of life is good character and then acts for the common good.” -M.Strelitz

    * (1:17:30) Twitter/X and closing thoughts  

    Connect with Kevin:

    Website: kevinrose.com 

    Instagram: @KevinRose

    X: @KevinRose

    YouTube: @KevinRose

    This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.kevinrose.com/subscribe

  • Why More Will Never Make You Happy with Arthur Brooks (#59)

    AI transcript

    Stop chasing happiness, start cultivating it, and here is how! Kevin sits down with Arthur Brooks, a renowned social scientist and Harvard professor to talk about the science of happiness. Arthur discusses the elusive nature of happiness, explaining how evolutionary biology and societal expectations shape our pursuit of joy. They cover the concept of the hedonic treadmill, practical strategies to achieve lasting fulfillment, and the four principles of happiness. They also discuss five things you can do with money to increase happiness. Lastly, Arthur emphasizes that true happiness comes from a balance of enjoyment, satisfaction, and meaning, all of which require embracing both positive and negative experiences. 

    Guest Bio and Links:

    Arthur C. Brooks is the Parker Gilbert Montgomery Professor of the Practice of Public and Nonprofit Leadership at the Harvard Kennedy School, and Professor of Management Practice at the Harvard Business School, where he teaches courses on leadership and happiness. Brooks is the author of 13 books, including the 2023 #1 New York Times bestseller Build the Life You Want: The Art and Science of Getting Happier with co-author Oprah Winfrey.

    Listeners can learn more about Arthur Brooks at his website, on IG @arthurcbrooks, and X @arthurbrooks

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    Resources:

    The Anxious Generation by Jonathan Haidt

    Mark Manson, The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck

    The Miracle of Mindfulness by Thich Nhat Hanh

    The Awakened Brain by Lisa Miller

    Dopamine Nation by Dr. Anna Lembke

    Show Notes: 

    * (0:00) Introduction

    * (1:00) NordVPN: discount + 4mo. free 

    * (2:05) LMNT: Electrolyte drink mix. Grab a free sample pack. 

    * (6:36) The hedonic treadmill explained  

    * (8:30) Hacks to satisfaction  

    * (10:24) The concept of the reverse bucket list  

    * (13:27) Arthur on religion and his relationship with Dalai Lama 

    * (16:55) Transcendence and the four core practices of happiness 

    * (20:05) Forms of transcendence – one hour walk before dawn

    * (27:40) Manscaped: 20% off precision-engineered grooming tools

    * (28:50) Notion: Try Notion AI for free

    * (29:54) Fitness and its impact on health and happiness 

    * (33:00) Four types of emotional intensity profiles  

    * (43:15) “Happiness. It requires and contains unhappiness.” -A. Brooks

    * (47:40) Causes of a downward path of happiness worldwide  

    * (51:30) Ways to find happiness in jobs and career paths that are not ‘socially accepted’ 

    * (58:00) Three downdrafts of happiness in the last 25 years 

    * (58:10) The Anxious Generation by Jonathan Haidt

    * (1:01:20) Things to complement real-life experiences 

    * (1:05:40) Mark Manson, The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck 

    * (1:06:45) Question: What’s your opinion on doing psychedelics to increase happiness?  

    * (1:12:14) Concept of human time travel  

    * (1:14:45) The Miracle of Mindfulness by Thich Nhat Hanh

    * (1:17:30) Question: How does an atheist build on the religious practice of happiness?   

    * (1:18:57) The Awakened Brain by Lisa Miller

    * (1:20:06) Kevin’s story on bankruptcy & the ultimate question: can money buy happiness? 

    * (1:21:00) Chasing behavior explained

    * (1:24:40) Five things you can do with money to increase happiness

    * (1:28:29) How To Not Be Bored When You Have To Wait

    * (1:30:10) Mindfulness by Ellen Langer

    * (1:30:30) How boredom plays on your dopamine 

    * (1:35:44) Arthur touches on his book in the works: All Things New

    * (1:37:13) Recommendations on how to raise conscious kids

    * (1:38:49) The #1 thing to do to take the edge off the “sh*tty day feeling”

    * (1:41:32) Build the Life You Want by Arthur C. Brooks and Oprah Winfrey   

    Connect with Kevin:

    Website: kevinrose.com 

    Instagram: @KevinRose

    X: @KevinRose

    YouTube: @KevinRose

    This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.kevinrose.com/subscribe

  • How to Speak to Anyone With Charles Duhigg (#58)

    AI transcript

    Why can some people effortlessly connect with anyone, while others struggle to converse? Conversations are skills that can be learned, practiced, and mastered. Kevin sits down with Charles Duhigg, Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative journalist and the author of his latest book, Supercommunicators, to discuss the practical tips to become relevant in a conversation. They cover how to master social anxiety, ask deep questions, and avoid surface-level garble. Charles provides listening techniques, ways to walk away from the conversation, and what readers can gain from Supercommunicators. 

    Guest Bio and Links:

    Charles Duhigg is a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative journalist and the author of Supercommunicators, The Power of Habit, and Smarter Faster Better. A graduate of Harvard Business School and Yale College, he is a winner of the National Academies of Sciences, National Journalism, and George Polk awards. He writes for The New Yorker, The New York Times Magazine, and other publications, and is the host of the podcast How To! with Charles Duhigg.

    Listeners can learn more about Charles Duhigg at his website and on X @cduhigg  

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    Resources:

    Kevin’s Newsletter: Join 100,000+ subscribers

    Charles Duhigg’s Books 

    Do conversations end when people want them to?

    It Doesn’t Hurt to Ask: Question-Asking Increases Liking

    Elon Musk Interview + Kevin Reboots the Old Foundation Series (#3) 

    Show Notes: 

    * (0:00) Introduction

    * (0:45) Dram: Try The Kevin Rose Show sparkling drink sampler + 20% off everything

    * (2:05) Plunge: Get $150 off the ultimate cold plunge ice bath 

    * (4:22) Supercommunicators: How to Unlock the Secret Language of Connection  

    * (8:30) Ways to start an authentic conversation 

    * (8:50) Deep questions: what they are, and how to ask them 

    * (10:49) “The way to think about deep questions is I want to ask you not about the facts of your life but about how you feel about your life.” -Charles Duhigg

    * (12:00) Kevin and Charles do a conversation roleplay 

    * (14:40) Strategies to build trust in conversation  

    * (16:05) Listening method: looping for understanding  

    * (19:45) Elon Musk Interview + Kevin Reboots the Old Foundation Series (#3) 

    * (22:10) How to avoid dead ends in conversation  

    * (22:45) Surefire ways to gracefully walk away from a conversation

    * (24:00) DeleteMe: 20% off removing your personal info from the web

    * (25:10) Join Kevin’s newsletter 

    * (29:55) It Doesn’t Hurt to Ask: Question-Asking Increases Liking

    * (32:35) Three types of conversations: practical, social, emotional  

    * (35:35) How to handle conflict in conversation 

    * (43:10) Charles on writing Supercommunicators 

    * (45:20) The concept of neural entrainment 

    * (48:30) The role of humor in communicating  

    * (55:45) Hypothesizing what made Steve Jobs’s talks hit so well

    * (59:00) What readers can gain from Supercommunicators  

    * (1:02:00) Closing thoughts  

    Connect with Kevin:

    Website: kevinrose.com 

    Instagram: @KevinRose

    X: @KevinRose

    YouTube: @KevinRose

    This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.kevinrose.com/subscribe

  • Optimizing Metabolism and Limitless Health (#57)

    Are you struggling with your health despite following all the “right” advice? The answer may lie in a surprising place: your metabolism. In this episode, Kevin sits down with Dr. Casey Means to explore the connection between metabolism and limitless health, and how understanding your unique metabolic needs can unlock your potential for optimal wellness. They discuss the latest research on metabolism and health, six biomarkers that predict metabolic disease, and practical tips for optimizing your metabolic function.

    Guest Bio and Links:

    Dr. Casey Means is a medical doctor, writer, tech entrepreneur (Levels), aspiring regenerative gardener, and outdoor enthusiast who lives in a state of awe for the miracle and mystery of existence and consciousness. During her training as a surgeon, Casey saw how broken and exploitative the healthcare system is and left to focus on how to keep people out of the operating room. Casey is passionate about working towards a healthier and happier planet by empowering people to understand their health and the limitless potential within.

    Listeners can learn more about Dr. Casey Means at https://www.caseymeans.com/ and on IG – @drcaseyskitchen

    Resources

    * Dr. Casey Means Book – Good Energy: The Surprising Connection Between Metabolism and Limitless Health

    * Join Casey Means Newsletter

    * The Institute For Functional Medicine

    * Parsley Health: Live Healthier, Longer

    * Osmia: Natural Skincare for Healthier, Happier Skin

    * Hello Lingo

    Podcast Outline

    Introduction and State of American Health

    [00:00:00] – Introduction and the Reality of Increasing Chronic Diseases

    [00:00:13] – Lack of Regulatory Oversight and Environmental Chemical Exposure

    [00:00:36] – Basics of Metabolism and Its Importance

    Personal Experience and Shift in Medical Perspective

    [00:00:48] – Case Study: Sophia and the Limitations of Traditional Medical Approaches

    [00:01:10] – Introduction of Guest and Book “Good Energy”

    [00:02:11] – Career Journey: From Surgeon to Metabolic Health AdvocateSystemic Issues in Healthcare

    [00:02:34] – The Flaws in the American Healthcare System

    [00:03:10] – Reflection on Medical Training and its Disconnect from Real Health Outcomes

    [00:03:40] – Inflammation and Its Role in Chronic Diseases

    Metabolic Dysfunction and Its Implications

    [00:06:01] – Understanding Chronic Inflammation and Metabolic Dysfunction

    [00:08:11] – The Connection Between Lifestyle and Metabolic Health

    [00:09:03] – Importance of Metabolism in Overall Health

    Modern Lifestyle and Its Impact on Health

    [00:13:13] – Environmental and Lifestyle Factors Affecting Metabolism

    [00:15:00] – Cell Danger Response and Chronic Inflammation

    The Role of Inflammation in Health

    [00:16:01] – The Dual Nature of Inflammation: Beneficial and Harmful

    [00:18:00] – Chronic Inflammation and Leading Causes of Death

    Approaches to Improving Metabolic Health

    [00:22:00] – Systems and Network Biology: A New Approach to Understanding Diseases

    [00:24:02] – The Need for a Holistic View in Medicine

    Individual Responsibility in Health Management

    [00:26:02] – The Reality of Self-Responsibility in Health

    [00:29:00] – Technological Advances in Health Monitoring and Testing

    [00:33:00] – Trusting Yourself Over the Healthcare System

    Key Biomarkers for Predicting Disease

    [00:37:50] – Five Key Biomarkers for Metabolic Health

    [00:39:30] – Detailed Explanation of Biomarkers and Their Significance

    Environmental Toxins and Health

    [00:45:32] – Impact of Environmental Toxins on Health

    [00:50:05] – Obesogens: Chemicals Promoting Fat Storage

    [00:52:40] – Practical Tips for Reducing Exposure to Environmental Toxins

    The Importance of Vitamin D and Sun Exposure

    [01:00:05] – Role of Vitamin D in Health and Disease

    [01:01:49] – The Modern Indoor Lifestyle and Its Consequences

    [01:03:01] – Strategies for Increasing Vitamin D Levels

    The Spiritual Element of Health

    [01:18:28] – The Role of Spirituality in Health and Well-being

    [01:22:34] – Reconnecting with Nature and Ourselves

    [01:34:22] – The Impact of Synthetic Fertilizers and Pesticides

    Conclusion and Final Thoughts

    [01:45:26] – Integrating Health Practices into Daily Life

    [01:47:38] – Embracing Mortality and Longevity

    [01:52:40] – Viewing the Human Body as a Process, Not an Entity

    This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.kevinrose.com/subscribe

  • Carolina Reis Oliveira & Alessandra Zonari | OneSkin: Aging (#56)

    AI transcript
    0:00:05 With this increase in awareness about well-being, eventually you need to take care of your skin.
    0:00:11 Obviously about how you look and how you feel, but also how your skin impacts your overall health.
    0:00:16 When we start to see the things that I’m starting to see now in my 40s, you know little creases in
    0:00:20 the neck and around the eyes, like what’s the degradation that’s happening?
    0:00:26 Basically what’s happening is this accumulation of damage in our cells, in the skin cells,
    0:00:32 so they stop producing collagen, for example, and also what is related is the accumulation of
    0:00:37 senescent cells, also called zombie cells, and the inflammation that they secret induces the cells
    0:00:44 around to age faster. It’s a very complex process that’s happening on our body and a lot of it,
    0:00:51 it’s influenced by lifestyle choices. Sugar can bind to the proteins on the skin and can create
    0:00:58 advanced end glycan products. The collagen that’s on the skin when it’s biting to sugar,
    0:01:06 it gets more stiff and can also cause… What are some common skincare myths and misconceptions
    0:01:08 that you’d like to correct that are out there today?
    0:01:19 So if you’re like me and I’m sure you are, you’re buying almost everything you buy online,
    0:01:26 like 95% of the stuff I buy is now online. Mostly big websites, every once in a while a smaller
    0:01:32 website, but sure enough, at least once or twice a year, my personal data gets leaked out there.
    0:01:36 That means name, address, phone number, it can be social, it can be date of birth, it can be a whole
    0:01:42 slew of different things, and this data, once it’s been hacked and released, it’s being resold by
    0:01:48 companies called data brokers. These are like absolutely evil companies, but they are companies.
    0:01:52 So that means if you take the time to monitor, find your data, then hire a lawyer, then send
    0:01:57 them to take down notice, you can have some success and they will remove your data. Now,
    0:02:01 obviously your time is more valuable than that, so I wanted to tell you about a service that I use
    0:02:08 and today’s sponsor called Delete Me. So they use an actual power of attorney to reach out to these
    0:02:15 data brokers and have your data removed from the web. Now there are over 750 sites that they are
    0:02:20 constantly monitoring, looking for your data and they keep removing it as it shows up, which
    0:02:26 unfortunately it constantly does. So I use this for myself personally and the cool thing that they
    0:02:32 just announced is an expansion to their core service and that’s the ability to extend protection
    0:02:37 and peace of mind to anyone you wish to include in your Delete Me account. It’s called the Family
    0:02:43 Account Management, you can create this kind of unified hub for your entire family privacy protection.
    0:02:51 Now, right now you can get 20% off all plans with the code Kevin Rose, one word, K-E-V-I-N-R-O-S-E
    0:02:57 at JoinDeleteMe.com/KevinRose and that really helps sponsor the show. So make sure to go to the
    0:03:06 URL JoinDeleteMe.com/KevinRose. Trivia of the day, what does MMA fighter Connor McGregor,
    0:03:12 Tony Hawk and I have all in common? We are professional athletes at the top of our game.
    0:03:17 That is not true for me. The only thing we have in common is that we all use cold plunges from
    0:03:24 plunge.com and that is why I’m so stoked that they are a sponsor. I’ve been doing cold training for
    0:03:29 close to 10 years now and I have to say nothing has impacted my mood and energy more than a cold
    0:03:34 plunge. I have more sustained energy throughout the day. I cut down my coffee intake. Now,
    0:03:38 I do a single cup of coffee in the morning, first thing in the morning and then I go directly into
    0:03:43 the plunge. I have to say plunge.com, their cold plunges, I think they’re the best of the best.
    0:03:49 They have a whole wide range of options that you can have to choose from which is great because
    0:03:53 everyone’s at a different price point and they have this new series called the Evolve series which
    0:04:00 is customized to really just mix and match like your favorite options. So they have a chiller,
    0:04:05 you can pick your plunge style, each one is sold separately. I went with the crazy, crazy addition,
    0:04:11 the iPhone-controlled plunge all in which is fantastic. A buddy of mine had a little less
    0:04:16 space and wanted to move his around a bit. So he got the plunge Evolve air which is super portable
    0:04:22 and lightweight. They go down to really cool temperatures, 37 degrees Fahrenheit which for
    0:04:29 the math nerds is 2.77 degrees Celsius. Check out all the options, plunge.com/KevinRose. Make sure
    0:04:36 to go to plunge.com/KevinRose and they’re just super easy to maintain too. I have a pool guide
    0:04:39 that does my pool. I don’t even have them touch the plunge. I just do it myself. It’s easy. Anyway,
    0:04:44 plunge.com/KevinRose. Hey everyone, Kevin Rose here. Just a quick little introduction to this show.
    0:04:50 This show is all about skin health. I wanted to have a couple experts on the show to talk about
    0:04:54 all of the different things that have been pitched out there to be healthy for your skin,
    0:04:59 what’s BS, what’s not, what works, what’s been scientifically proven. And so I’m really thrilled
    0:05:03 to get into this today. Obviously it should come as no surprise. I’m in my late 40s. I’m starting
    0:05:08 to care more and more about skin health. Unfortunately, and this is something I wish I could go back and
    0:05:14 tell my 20-year-old or 30-year-old self, now is the time. Meaning back then was the time to start
    0:05:19 really digging into and caring about skin health because it’s a cumulative thing. It adds up over
    0:05:24 time and damage is not done in days, weeks, or months, but it’s done over several years.
    0:05:30 And today I want to have a couple experts on to talk about all of this. Now, one of the things I
    0:05:37 will say is that the two co-founders that I’m having on today of OneSkin, they’re both PhDs in
    0:05:42 their field. They’re both insanely brilliant. They do run a skincare company called OneSkin.
    0:05:46 This is not sponsored. This is not paid for. That was very important to me. And I also want to have
    0:05:51 credible people on the show. So let me tell you a little bit about how I found out about OneSkin.
    0:05:56 So for me, as someone that, you know, I don’t have my PhD, I’m not here to give you any type of
    0:06:00 health-related advice, but what I’m here to do is interview actual experts that know what they’re
    0:06:05 talking about. And so I pay attention to signal. I’m always looking for who are the scientists,
    0:06:09 who are the trusted resources that are talking about this stuff. And when I see multiple pattern
    0:06:14 matches, multiple people saying the same thing, I pay attention. So in this particular case,
    0:06:20 I follow Dr. David Sinclair, an insanely well-known, highly respected longevity expert from
    0:06:27 Harvard. Dr. Sinclair first was mentioning the research that these two women were doing in a
    0:06:31 podcast. And it wasn’t a paid podcast. He just mentioned it as being something to pay attention
    0:06:37 to. Later, I would say probably about a month or so later, I saw Dr. Aronda Patrick on her podcast
    0:06:42 mention the peptides that these women are researching. So I love this company. It’s four
    0:06:50 female founders, all with PhDs. PhDs in skin regeneration, stem cell biology, immunology,
    0:06:55 and bioinformatics. They’re absolute experts in their field. We cover a whole slew of different
    0:06:59 supplements and skincare products. And I think there’s a lot to take away from this episode.
    0:07:04 Let’s take a look. Thank you both for joining me. Thanks for having us, Kathy. We’re very excited
    0:07:10 for this conversation. It’s really important. It’s funny. It’s a very strange time in that
    0:07:17 two, three years ago, if I’d scroll Instagram, I wouldn’t see anything about men’s skincare
    0:07:21 health. There was nothing. Yeah. And then Dwayne Johnson, The Rock just came out with his own
    0:07:26 line of skincare. There’s another ad that I keep getting pitched that is about men’s skincare.
    0:07:33 Finally, I feel like guys are starting to care. I know I’m like putting guys in a big bucket here,
    0:07:38 but it seems like that’s starting to become more of a thing. Would you all agree with that?
    0:07:44 Yeah, definitely. I think with this increase in awareness about well-being, eventually you
    0:07:49 needed to take care of your skin, right? And it’s obviously about how you look and how you feel,
    0:07:59 but also how your skin health impacts your overall health. So I think men are becoming less, I would
    0:08:06 say, how can I say, less scared of start using skincare products. It’s not like a girl thing
    0:08:12 anymore, especially with the growth of longevity. And we’re talking about the possibility of living
    0:08:20 120 years, 150. How do you want to look when you’re as old as 100 years old? So I think all
    0:08:26 this conversation, as Carol was saying around wellness, it’s just like bringing more awareness
    0:08:33 to the guys to start, okay, I want to look good. I also want a strong skin. I want to feel confident.
    0:08:41 So that’s all leading to this increase on new skincare brands, but also interest of men
    0:08:49 to skincare. Yeah, and I think one of the other points is that before men usually were skeptical
    0:08:56 about these products, they say, oh, this is all BS and they don’t work. So I think having more
    0:09:03 brands that are science-backed that can really prove how the product works, this is getting the
    0:09:09 attraction of men and they say, okay, this can actually be beneficial for my skin. So I will
    0:09:14 invest on this. Why not? They don’t want anything that’s super complicated in general, right? Like
    0:09:19 you don’t have too much time. But I think if it’s something simple, but that you can feel
    0:09:25 better about your skin, I think a lot of men are buying to it. Yeah, part of the reason I really
    0:09:28 wanted to have you both on is one, I think you’ve created a really innovative product that we can
    0:09:33 get into. And obviously, we don’t want to make this as not a paid podcast in any way. So we want
    0:09:42 to cover a broad range of different issues around skin, but you’re both PhDs. You’re not just marketers,
    0:09:47 you’re like legit scientists doing real science here on skin aging, which I think is really cool.
    0:09:54 I’d love to start at the beginning, which is for me, I’m of the generation that sadly, SPF,
    0:10:00 when I was younger, was like optional. It’s like one of those things where parents were like, well,
    0:10:05 if you don’t get too burned, or you just get a little bit of blisters, it’s okay. And now it’s
    0:10:13 like, I’m lathering my kids. So when do we need to start caring about our skin? What age? And then
    0:10:20 when we start to see the things that I’m starting to see now in my 40s, which is little creases in the
    0:10:25 neck and around the eyes, like in the center of the, what’s happening? What is actually,
    0:10:31 what’s the degradation that’s happening? Yeah. So aging is basically an accumulation of damage
    0:10:38 over time. So since we’re born, we start aging. And obviously, we start to notice the signs of aging
    0:10:44 when we’re like, you know, late 20s, maybe 30s, it varies for each person and it varies based on your
    0:10:50 lifestyle. If you’re being exposed to too much sun too early. But basically what’s happening is this
    0:10:57 accumulation of damage in our cells, in the skin cells. So some skin cells are so damaged that they
    0:11:03 stop functioning well. So they stop producing collagen, for example. That’s one of the main
    0:11:09 proteins that maintain the skin firmness. And if you have less collagen, you are going to see signs
    0:11:16 of sagging, wrinkle. And also what it’s related with this accumulation of damage is the accumulation
    0:11:21 of sun cells, also called like zombie cells. And the problem of those cells is that they secret
    0:11:28 inflammation. And the inflammation that they secret induces the cells around to age faster.
    0:11:35 So we like to compare them with rotten apple in a bunch. So if you have one like senescent cells,
    0:11:41 that cell is inducing the healthy cells around to age faster. So what we want to do is try to
    0:11:48 avoid the buildup of those zombie cells in the skin. Because if you have less inflammation,
    0:11:54 you can allow the healthy cells to replicate, to produce collagen, it can keep your skin at that
    0:12:01 younger and healthy state. Is it avoiding buildup or is it killing them off? It’s both. It’s definitely
    0:12:07 more challenging to kill them off because you needed to be very specific in targeting only
    0:12:14 the senescent cells and not the healthy cells. And most of the alternatives that are in the
    0:12:19 research phase right now, they are not as specific so they can cause some toxicity.
    0:12:26 So there are options that instead of like killing them off, you can basically prevent them of releasing
    0:12:34 those inflammatory factors that cause that spread of aging. So imagine that you put that bad apple
    0:12:40 in a plastic bag so it’s not spreading that inflammation anymore. So you preserve the
    0:12:46 healthy cells around. And what happens when you do that is that your own body can clear them off
    0:12:53 because our bodies do that naturally. We lose this ability of clearing them off when we get
    0:13:00 old because we accumulate so many of them and our immune system gets deficient. So there is a way
    0:13:06 that we can restart this process and your body can continue to do its work. One of the things
    0:13:11 scientists that I follow is the work of Dr. Walter Longo out of UCSD. He’s more on the
    0:13:17 fasting side of things. And so using prolonged fasting to clear some of these senescent cells
    0:13:23 because they simply are deprived of nutrients and they’re already dysfunctional to begin with.
    0:13:26 And then the idea is that you deprive them enough and because they’re dysfunctional,
    0:13:33 they’ll die off. And so they’ve had some really good research and a friend of mine was unfortunate
    0:13:37 enough to come down with stage 4 cancer. And in conjunction with his chemotherapy was a fasting
    0:13:44 regimen as well, which was supposed to help that process along. The skin is our largest organ,
    0:13:49 right? Does fasting help with clearing any of these cells in the skin? It does. It definitely helps
    0:13:56 with the autophagy. So when you’re in fasting, you’re basically in this process of preserving
    0:14:02 energy. So what your body does is basically to recycle the cells and proteins that are not
    0:14:08 functioning well. And in this case, they basically recycle those senescent cells or clear them off
    0:14:15 to have more energy to build the new skin cells. The thing that’s confusing to me about this is that
    0:14:18 when I think about a wrinkle that I have, right? Like the one in the center of my head, okay,
    0:14:24 I get that there’s cells that are unhealthy, but when they die off as they naturally will,
    0:14:29 what is a good, healthy, new, like fresh young cell coming to the mix and fix that?
    0:14:36 Why is there always, it’s a continual thing of like aged cells? So there are changes that are
    0:14:42 happening throughout the aging process that is regulating which genes are being expressed
    0:14:50 in our cells. So these are epigenetic changes and one of them is DNA methylation. So changes on the
    0:14:58 DNA methylation can lead to different gene expression. And we analyze 500 different samples,
    0:15:04 skin samples, and look to the DNA methylation profile of those samples. And we observed that
    0:15:12 especially around 30 years old, there’s a drift on the epigenetic changes. So there’s some kind of
    0:15:19 change on the methylation profile that’s making the cells to express different genes that sometimes
    0:15:26 leading to collagen breakdown. It’s accelerating on sets of cellular senescence. It’s accelerating
    0:15:33 inflammation. So it’s a very complex process that’s happening on our body. And a lot of it,
    0:15:40 it’s influenced by lifestyle choices. So when I say that around 30 years old, you have this drift
    0:15:48 on these epigenetic markers, this can be different from one person to other, depending on some lifestyle
    0:15:53 choices or exposure that this person has. When you say lifestyle exposure, I mean,
    0:15:58 the first thing pops in my head is always sun. Is that the number one offender here? And if you
    0:16:03 had to stack rank them based on biggest offenders that are going to damage your skin over time,
    0:16:10 sun’s going to be number one. It counts for 90% of our skin aging. Really crap. And sometimes it’s
    0:16:17 accumulating as well. Sometimes you are young and you are exposing yourself to a lot of sun and your
    0:16:22 skin is still repairing super well, but the damage starts to accumulate. And then that’s why when
    0:16:29 you turn 40, you are not being able to repair as well as before because you already accumulated
    0:16:35 damage from years before. I see. Okay. So it’s a cumulative thing that you just can’t see until
    0:16:42 there’s a certain tipping point. Yes. And then you can’t reverse as fast. As you said, if you
    0:16:48 clear off one senescent cells, there is a lot of others there that you still need to continue to
    0:16:54 clear. So basically, you have accumulated so much damage over time that it’s going to take a while
    0:17:01 for you to reverse those signs of aging. But it is possible. Obviously, it’s easier to prevent
    0:17:08 and then reverse. But that’s why we see benefits in clinical studies because we see that by targeting
    0:17:14 some of those underlying mechanisms of aging, you can actually change the makeup of the skin
    0:17:21 and lead to a better appearance, smoother skin. But it’s nothing, something that happens overnight.
    0:17:28 If it happened overnight, there’d be your concerns. Yeah. Exactly. It can be dangerous
    0:17:32 for you. It’s just like a makeup thing that if you wash your face next day. Right. Yeah. I mean,
    0:17:36 if you’re changing that many cells that fast, I’d be like, “Hmm, are these dividing the right way?
    0:17:42 What’s going on here?” One of the things about the sun that has been said, the positives, it’s the
    0:17:47 vitamin D creator largely, right? It’s a sunshine that creates vitamin D in our skin. It’s very
    0:17:51 important, more or less, they call it vitamin D. It’s more of a hormone than it is a vitamin.
    0:17:56 A ton of positive benefit from keeping your vitamin D levels in check. How do you strike that balance?
    0:18:04 Yeah. I think to me, obviously, we know that you need the sun and you need the sun at a higher
    0:18:10 index rate to produce vitamin D. That means that early morning sun is not going to produce vitamin D.
    0:18:17 Right. So you need to be in the sun like unknown. I think when I put on a scale like the benefits of
    0:18:24 producing vitamin D from the sun and the potential risks that sun damage can cause, including skin
    0:18:33 cancer, pigmentation, aging, I would rather protect my skin with sunscreen and supplement
    0:18:39 vitamin D with other sources. Also, because even if you apply sunskin, it’s really hard if you’re
    0:18:44 in the sun the whole day that you are completely blocked all sun, right? So you can still get some
    0:18:50 production from the sun, I think, but obviously, you can supplement with your diet and other
    0:18:57 vitamin D supplements. So to me, I would not take the risk of getting some potential skin
    0:19:02 cancer or damage if I have other sources to supplement vitamin D. That makes sense.
    0:19:07 And I love being in the sun. So I know if I’m on the beach, if I’m exercising on the sun, if I’m
    0:19:14 playing volleyball for the whole day, I’ll get like 10 or I’ll see that I’m absorbing sunlight. So
    0:19:20 I’ll be producing some vitamin D. And the other important thing is basically to track, like really
    0:19:25 do like labs frequently to see how are levels. Yes. And then make sure if you need that just
    0:19:31 supplementing especially in the winter. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. All right. Just a quick plug for my
    0:19:37 newsletter. I really don’t like email. And so for me, a newsletter is only once a month. I cannot
    0:19:42 send you any more emails than that. It would drive me crazy if I was on the receiving side of that.
    0:19:48 So my once a month newsletter is just packed with high quality information. This is all the products
    0:19:53 that I’m checking out. Other great clips and YouTube videos that I’m finding across the web.
    0:19:57 Oftentimes I have friends that are launching new products. I’ll have early beta access to those
    0:20:02 types of things. Some of the books that I’m reading, some of my favorite podcast clips, movies,
    0:20:08 you can sign up for this over at KevinRose.com. Join 115,000 other readers. KevinRose.com.
    0:20:13 You’ll find the little newsletter link there and sign up today. So we talked about sun being the
    0:20:18 number one offender. What would be your if we had to give you five to people out there? What
    0:20:24 are some other big offenders for skin damage? One other big offender is sugar. So sugar can bind
    0:20:32 to the proteins on the skin and can create it’s called advanced end glycan products. And it can
    0:20:39 really like the collagen that’s on the skin when it’s biting to sugar. It gets more stiff. So it
    0:20:46 kind of like change the elasticity of the skin and can also cause inflammation. So excess of
    0:20:53 processed food and full of sugar cannot actually damage your skin as well. So it’s something that
    0:21:00 a lot of times people don’t think about. But there’s a big correlation with the sugar damaging your
    0:21:08 skin as well. Is that just refined sugar? Is that fructose as well? Is it you think it? It’s fructose
    0:21:15 as well can in high volumes, high intake fructose glucose at the end. They break down in sugars that
    0:21:21 can bind on collagen proteins in the skin as well. Do you have any sense of how much you have to
    0:21:28 consume for that to be the case? It’s hard to say. I think in the end we’re talking about having a
    0:21:34 balanced diet, right? So obviously if you eat some fruits and I mean you can always choose berries
    0:21:41 instead of fruits that are in high fructose grapes or banana. And in the end obviously you are not
    0:21:46 eating a lot of processed sugar every day. You’re not eating a lot of like fat that can be very
    0:21:54 inflammatory as well. So it’s hard to say one specific amount is mainly that overall lifestyle
    0:22:01 that you should avoid refined sugar on a day to day. This is fascinating because if you think about
    0:22:08 it and correct me if I’m wrong here, when I go to a health food store and they sell a smoothie,
    0:22:14 it’s going to be packed with sugar like typically 20 to 30 grams of sugar and that’s through various
    0:22:18 sources. A lot of it is if you put a cup of orange juice into anything you get a lot of
    0:22:23 condensed fructose, right? And then they’ll say well we’re going to add some collagen powder in
    0:22:29 as well, right? And it’s like net net that’s a negative for your skin, right? It has to be, right?
    0:22:36 Yeah, I would say that because it’s going to be still processed in your stomach, right? So you’re
    0:22:41 going to use some of that sugar. For example, if you just exercise, you’re going to, you know,
    0:22:46 be the muscle. But if you’re sedentary. Yeah, yeah. And you have the collagen that’s going to be
    0:22:51 broken down in peptide and you’re going to use some of those peptides to build more collagen
    0:22:58 in your skin. So it obviously if you are accumulating that sugar if you’re not using all of it,
    0:23:04 then it can be detrimental. What’s detrimental is the spike of glucose as well on your blood.
    0:23:08 Oh, interesting. Yeah. Sometimes, of course, we still need sugar, like it’s still something
    0:23:15 important for us as a nutritional fact. But if you, for instance, is very bad to eat a sweet
    0:23:21 dessert on an empty stomach because you will spike too much the glucose and that excess of
    0:23:27 glucose at that time can go to the wrong direction. But when you’re having like a sugar, even when it’s
    0:23:34 combined with other like fibers and proteins as well, you don’t have that big spike of glucose
    0:23:41 in your blood, then you’re not damaging your body. So it’s the spike of glucose that can damage more
    0:23:45 your skin and other parts of your body as well. That’s such a good point because when you add the
    0:23:52 collagen peptides, you are reducing the spike. If you add good fat, like avocado, yeah, exactly,
    0:23:56 then you’re reducing the spike. Yeah, because it’s taking it longer to digest in your body to
    0:24:01 break down those fats. And so you’re not getting that, oh, right away, that huge hit. Yeah. Anyone
    0:24:05 that’s, I highly recommend, I think Levels Health does a good job at this, where they’ll give you
    0:24:09 a continuous glucose monitor away for where for a short period of time. Yeah. And you’ll just be
    0:24:15 blown away by what spicy versus what doesn’t. Yeah. Yeah, it’s like rice is a huge offender for me.
    0:24:20 Even like brown rice, I’m through the roof. And I would have never guessed that had I known,
    0:24:26 actually worn one of those devices. So that’s a good hack. One of the things, well, we got to two,
    0:24:30 are there any more that you think are worth covering as a big dietary offenders or things that
    0:24:35 we’re doing? It’s also, yeah, hydration is super important for the skin. So keeping
    0:24:40 in mind that you’re consuming enough water throughout the day is something that will be
    0:24:46 important not only for your skin, but the function of your body, overall body. And I don’t know,
    0:24:53 can you think about something else here? Yeah, I would say obviously sleep interferes a lot, stress.
    0:24:59 Everything that you think in your lifestyle that I’m going to increase inflammation is going to
    0:25:06 impact your skin. You’re going to say alcohol. I love a good glass of champagne. Yeah. I mean,
    0:25:12 alcohol in the end is sugar. So it’s all about. I need dry. Okay. That’s already better. Yeah.
    0:25:18 Everything in life at the end, we need to find that balance. Yeah. We cannot. It will be so hard
    0:25:24 if you say, don’t eat sugar, don’t drink alcohol. Yeah. We need to be realistic and adapt as well.
    0:25:30 So I mean, a glass of wine, like if you don’t drink like three bottles of wine every day. Yeah,
    0:25:36 someday. One of the things that I think is pretty sound science behind it, at least in the
    0:25:40 colleagues that I talked to that are actual scientists, like my wife, is collagen, is collagen
    0:25:46 supplementation. The thing that’s confusing to me is that when I go to any of these stores where
    0:25:51 you look online, there’s like collagen type one, type two, type three, like goes all the way down
    0:25:57 the chain. What are your thoughts on collagen in general, supplementing it? And then also,
    0:26:00 is there certain types that stand out as being better for the skin than others?
    0:26:08 So collagen is a protein that acts as a structural support to our skin and other organs in our body.
    0:26:14 Bone, ligaments, cartilage, they are very like high in collagen. As you said, we have different types
    0:26:21 of collagen. Collagen type one is the most abundant in our whole body. So it’s very abundant on the
    0:26:28 skin, but also on bone and cartilage and other tissues as well. Collagen type two is more specific
    0:26:34 for cartilage. So the collagen is giving like the elasticity and the strength for the tissues.
    0:26:38 That’s why like cartilage has a different elasticity from the skin because the type
    0:26:45 of collagen is different in these two tissues. So collagen one and three, they are the main
    0:26:51 build blocks of the skin. So if you’re looking for supplement, these two types are like the most
    0:26:59 related to skin. Collagen two is more related to cartilage, so for joint health. Right. So if you’re
    0:27:03 jogger and you’re experiencing some joint pain, that might be the one you go for. But one important
    0:27:07 thing to talk about when you are ingesting collagen, a lot of people think that, okay,
    0:27:13 the collagen that I’m eating, it’s going to my skin. And it’s not exactly that the mechanism
    0:27:18 because when collagen is a big protein and when you ingest, it will be cleaved in your
    0:27:25 stomach into small peptides. And this will go through your bloodstream. And because you have so
    0:27:31 many other organs that also use collagen, this will be distributed. It’s not that all that supplement
    0:27:37 is going to your skin. So it can have benefits on your skin, can have general benefits because
    0:27:43 you’re adding a protein source, amino acid source, that’s a good amino acid source for your body.
    0:27:48 But not always, it will be like a straight relation that, okay, this that I ingested,
    0:27:54 now it’s going to my skin and having this right correlation. Do you both take collagen? Because
    0:27:59 I’ve seen so many varying also, the people say, hey, two and a half grams is where you need to be.
    0:28:04 And so I’ll take these gummies and they’re the good brand, I think. And so I take them and that’s
    0:28:10 where I’m at. But I have some other people that are like 10 or 15 grams per day is where we need
    0:28:16 to be. Do you have an opinion on that? In my case, I kind of like, I take my dieticide support with
    0:28:22 a nutritionist, and I have that amount of protein, total protein that I need to have per day. And
    0:28:28 sometimes it has like a percentage of that’s coming from collagen, it varies, but it’s
    0:28:34 more being sure that I’m having enough protein throughout the whole day can come from collagen
    0:28:39 source or other sources as well. How is a bone broth for because I know that’s pretty high in
    0:28:45 collagen. Is that the type that we want? That’s more for type two. Okay, yeah. Okay, so but it’s
    0:28:55 tasty as hell. And the bone also has collagen type one, so it’s a mix there as well. Yeah, yeah.
    0:29:00 Okay, I would love to go down my list of things. Yeah. Well, I got to say, first of all, that the
    0:29:06 skincare industry is is so confusing to me in that like, when I started first on this journey
    0:29:10 of trying to figure, okay, what should my regimen look like going into my 40s? Because the first
    0:29:15 time I started to care about my skin, I go to the websites and none of them are catered towards
    0:29:18 men really. And so it was really difficult for me to find my way. And then there’s like
    0:29:25 serums and there’s like, I things and there’s toners and there’s and I’m like, this is
    0:29:32 witchcraft. There’s like so many potions to consider. I know. I can’t figure this all out.
    0:29:36 I asked my wife, I’m like, do I put a serum on first and then a thing? And it’s just like so
    0:29:42 confusing. But I cut all that crap out. It’s okay. What does the science actually say? And what is
    0:29:49 important? Retinol comes up a lot as being a good thing. I’m just now because I have some dark spots
    0:29:55 from sun damage. I just now started adding a low dose of retinol to my regimen because I noticed
    0:30:00 it drives my skin out real fast. And you have to put a SPF on it right afterwards. Do you think
    0:30:07 retinol is considered something that people, I mean, it does work, right? Generally speaking?
    0:30:13 Yes. So the way that retinol works and retinol is the derivative of vitamin A. And there are
    0:30:18 different types of retinol or forms of retinol. So if you apply the retinol, it’s going to be
    0:30:25 converted in retinoic acid inside your skin. And this retinoic acid binds into several receptors
    0:30:31 that will induce cell renewal. So basically, what you’re inducing is a process that you are
    0:30:37 peeling off the upper layers of your skin. Some more drastic, some more mild, depending on the
    0:30:42 strength of your retinol. Retinol is stronger. Maybe the retinol that you’re using is a little
    0:30:48 more mild. This is like 0.3 or something. They do it in different doses. And if it’s retinol or
    0:30:54 not retinoic acid, it is the most mild version. So by inducing this cell renewal, what you’re
    0:31:00 doing is basically growing a fresher skin. So that’s why when you have pigments, these pigments
    0:31:05 that are spots of melanin, it’s based on the epidermal layer. So in the epidermal layer,
    0:31:10 you have two main cell types. That’s keratinocytes, the melanocytes. The melanocytes produce the
    0:31:16 pigment. So by basically stripping the upper layers of your skin and growing a new one, you can
    0:31:24 hopefully grow one that’s more homogeneous and even in terms of pigment. But if you have underlying
    0:31:29 issues, you can still have that pigment, even if you’re growing a new one, or this is just a
    0:31:33 temporary effect. What’s underlying issues? Like what would that be? Inflammation. Inflammation is
    0:31:39 one of the main causes of dysregulation in melanin deposition. Okay. So that’s why it comes back.
    0:31:44 Yeah. Because I’ve seen like a little, I had this little tiny spot on my hand right here and I put
    0:31:49 some of that on there and it got lighter. I was like, “Oh, hell yeah. I don’t think I fixed that.”
    0:31:53 And then it came back like a month later. I’m like, “What the hell?” I thought I repaired it.
    0:31:58 But it’s not really a repair. It seems like a temporary thing.
    0:32:03 Yeah. Yeah. It’s just because you are shedding some of those skin layers and then you are basically
    0:32:08 building up new ones. But again, if you have that underlying issue, you’re going to still have that.
    0:32:14 So trying to fix the underlying issue is the best approach. It’s also the hardest,
    0:32:21 but that you can see results that can last long term. Yeah. A lot of sites that I look at, well,
    0:32:27 I mean, these products are insanely expensive to begin with, but they’ll have a $150 little
    0:32:32 tiny bottle of vitamin C. Yeah. And I’m like, “Okay, I understand vitamin C. I use it when I’m sick.
    0:32:38 I try to get the… Well, I mean, I think I get the liposomal version. I want the most bioavailability.
    0:32:46 Like I’m that deep into it. But topically, is there data to support actually putting it on the skin?
    0:32:53 Yeah. So the vitamin C is an antioxidant. So it’s like clearing the free radicals and protecting
    0:33:01 the skin. There is data that vitamin C helps your skin health, but vitamin C is a very tricky molecule.
    0:33:06 It’s not a stable molecule. I’ve heard it’s not stable. Yeah. So one of the main problems, like
    0:33:11 with a lot of products, is that they contain the wrong combination in the formula to preserve
    0:33:18 that vitamin C. For instance, vitamin C is very light sensitive. So if you see vitamin C on a
    0:33:25 flask that you can go through light, I mean, I would be a little bit skeptical. It’s interesting.
    0:33:28 I bought one of the more expensive ones. And one of the things I noticed is it was a total
    0:33:32 blacked out like bottle. It wouldn’t show you like you can’t even see it at all. Yeah.
    0:33:39 And it’s hard for the consumer to know, okay, is this vitamin C a good one or a bad one?
    0:33:44 There are some types, then you need to go on the ingredient list. There are some types when it’s
    0:33:50 written L, ascorbic acid, if I’m not wrong, right, Carol? That’s like a better version of the vitamin C.
    0:33:56 There are more stable versions of vitamin C. And you can see if the vitamin C is oxidizing because
    0:34:02 it changes its color, it gets a little more brown. Oh, interesting. So it should be more like a
    0:34:08 golden color? Yes. Okay. So if it’s a darker brown color, it’s probably getting oxidized.
    0:34:14 It’s oxidized and then it’s no good. That’s not doing anything. And it could even be bad for your skin.
    0:34:20 But as Alessandro was saying, so vitamin C is really important because it’s antioxidant properties.
    0:34:27 It can also help on collagen production. So the enzyme that produce collagen use vitamin C as like
    0:34:34 a cofactor, an important piece of the protein building process. And it can also suppress melanin
    0:34:41 production. So it also can help with the dark spots. We have tested several products in the market
    0:34:49 that contain vitamin C. Some of them have a really high dose or antioxidant power.
    0:34:57 And these are the good ones for dark spots. Some just have a basal level that’s good as an antioxidant.
    0:34:59 How do you test those? What does the lab look like?
    0:35:07 So we can expose the antioxidant to free radicals and see the scavenging of this free radical.
    0:35:12 So it just changes the color and you measure the absorbance. If it’s like scavenging the free
    0:35:18 radicals or not. And then you can determine like the power of one antioxidant or a full formula.
    0:35:24 We determine like we have vitamin C on one of our products. And in the whole process of choosing
    0:35:30 the antioxidants, we were doing this test not only with the ingredient, because sometimes the raw
    0:35:38 ingredient has a high power. But at the end, the final formula, how it’s working, it’s the most
    0:35:42 important. So we do that step as well. That’s interesting. And then you probably have to test
    0:35:49 30 days in packaging as well to be like, okay, is this maintaining as an oxidizer or not?
    0:35:55 Yeah, we have stability tests on the final package to ensure. And most of our packages as well,
    0:36:02 they’re airless and opaque because then you don’t have air coming in contact with the formula.
    0:36:09 So that’s also helping preserving the properties of the formula and opaque to avoid the light as well.
    0:36:15 Wow, that’s an intense process. Yes. That’s really cool. There’s no shortage of actual
    0:36:21 ingestible supplements outside of collagen, like skin and nail support, or you know,
    0:36:27 like all the big major brands have something. Is there anything else out there supplement wise,
    0:36:34 not topical, but actual ingestible that is important for skin health? Or is it just mainly
    0:36:39 collagen is the kind of go to? I think that always is very important, like independently,
    0:36:45 if you’re going to take supplements or not, you need to think about your overall diet.
    0:36:50 Because even if you take supplements, but you’re having a very like bad diet and a very bad routine
    0:36:57 on sleep, on exercise, it will not do magic as well. So in terms of supplements for the skin,
    0:37:03 it’s very important to keep the hydration. So you have a good quality of skin. So this is water,
    0:37:07 water is a good supplement then. Do you recommend on that front? Because forever I’ve heard like
    0:37:11 eight glasses of water a day, or do you have a different formula that you all adhere to?
    0:37:16 Yeah, I’m on the formula of two liters per day. Yeah, it’s about eight glasses. Yeah.
    0:37:21 Okay, so about that. Okay. Yeah, that’s a good range. Sometimes you add some electrolytes that
    0:37:26 helps you absorb, to maintain the hydration helps as well. Yeah, I do that as well, especially
    0:37:31 because I do a lot of sauna usage and things like that where you’re just like losing a lot.
    0:37:37 Yeah, exactly. Yeah. Any other supplement? Yeah, I would say that in general, you want to have a
    0:37:44 healthy diet that’s going to decrease overall production of inflammation. So you can add the
    0:37:51 fatty acids like omega three, but you can also consume this from your diet, vitamin D, vitamin E,
    0:37:56 vitamin C. These are all important vitamins for your skin and for our overall health.
    0:38:00 Right. So and even. But there’s no several, several bullet here where you’re like, no,
    0:38:05 no, Kevin, you got to take this one little thing and that’ll. No. Okay. Yeah. So just a
    0:38:11 general diet to drink a lot of water, general overall balance from the sun. Yeah. So that’s
    0:38:19 good to know. All right. So we’d love to cover what are peptides and what has been this is exciting
    0:38:24 to tell people who are watching why I want to have you guys on that. I thought this is really
    0:38:29 important is because you started a company called OneSkin and one of the things for me,
    0:38:36 my wife, she’s a very healthy person, healthier than I am, and is a has her a PhD in neuroscience.
    0:38:41 So she is connected to a lot of scientists. She actually went to school with Huberman. They’re
    0:38:47 like friends. Yeah, they’re friends from back in the day. They were in the same lab. Tia has
    0:38:51 been my physician for a long time. Rhonda Patrick is the dear friend. Dr. Davis Sinclair has been
    0:38:56 on my podcast before. These are people that I looked to and say, okay, what are they paying
    0:39:01 attention to? Because they’re reading all the literature, right? And they’re not just making
    0:39:06 shit up. Like they’re looking at peer reviews, published studies. And when they mentioned
    0:39:11 something, and I hear it once or twice, then something goes off my head. And I’m like, I’m
    0:39:16 a geek. And so I’m like, Hey, maybe I should start paying attention to this. Dr. Davis Sinclair
    0:39:21 mentioned you all. And I heard about that. And then Rhonda had mentioned it as something that
    0:39:25 she was interested in by reading one of the research papers, she had not used your products
    0:39:30 at that time. And I’m like, okay, well, there’s those two flag goes up to scientists that are
    0:39:36 insanely well respected. You’re hitting their radar. You’re doing something right. And you also
    0:39:42 just won fast company, most innovative company of the year award. Congratulations on that. So I was
    0:39:46 like, well, shit, like we got to get these, these ladies in the podcast and like talk about what’s
    0:39:51 going on here. So what are you building? What have you discovered? And like, this is a science
    0:39:57 first approach, would really love to hear about the research. Yeah. So we’re a science lab company
    0:40:04 that started as a biotech. So we started, although our products are only in the market for the last
    0:40:11 three years, we started the company in 2016. And what we did was develop this robust platform that
    0:40:19 was designed to find and validate molecules that has skin age reversal capabilities. So we spent
    0:40:26 five years in the lab reproducing skin aging, like building human skins and understanding the
    0:40:31 changes in the biomarkers that are changing on the skin. We look to the morphology of the skin,
    0:40:36 we look to the gene expression, we look to genetic changes. And we start to understand
    0:40:42 what’s causing what’s the root cause of skin aging and how the senescent cells, this accumulation
    0:40:48 of senescent cells, it’s playing a role on the skin aging process. On the early beginning,
    0:40:53 we start to look to the products in the market and test in our platform. And what we realize is
    0:40:59 that the products out there, they are not targeting the root cause of aging. And therefore,
    0:41:06 they do not reverse skin aging. And sometimes they can even deteriorate or accelerate the aging
    0:41:13 process. And when we start to realize that, we were changing a lot of times the direction that
    0:41:18 we were going, because this first platform, the idea would be to create a seal, like, okay, one
    0:41:25 skin cell for your product. But we saw an opportunity to look to a better molecule than what’s out there
    0:41:29 in the market. Oh, so you wanted to validate products initially. Yeah. You were thinking like,
    0:41:34 okay, I’ll get these in, we’ll try them against actual skin cells and like figure out which ones
    0:41:40 work. Oh, that would be, that’s pretty cool. That explains the vitamin C story, because you
    0:41:44 can try a bunch of vitamin C, which ones are legit. Exactly. Yeah, that’s pretty cool. And then,
    0:41:51 as we were seeing, like, that there was retinol is the gold standard until now, but it’s a molecule
    0:41:57 that was developed over 50 years ago. There’s not like new innovation targeting skin aging.
    0:42:03 So we start to look for molecules and screen molecules that specifically would reduce senescence
    0:42:10 burden. How do you find those? Like, how do you even start to begin to look for specific molecules?
    0:42:15 I hear about AI doing that now, right? AI started to come to a picture where they’re like bringing
    0:42:22 forward candidates for researchers to look into. So we started with a library of peptides from a
    0:42:28 collaborator of ours from Brazil. So he was studying antimicrobial peptides. And we were
    0:42:35 wondering if some of those peptides could have an impact in senescent cells. So we basically,
    0:42:41 hypothesis three, basically, let’s try and see what happens. So we added those each peptides,
    0:42:46 200 peptides, in contact with cells that were highly senescent. And then we did the first test
    0:42:52 and we measured the amount of senescent cells at the end. And we found the four hits for peptides
    0:43:00 that performed well. And then we use AI. We use AI to optimize those four sequences and create 800
    0:43:06 out of these four. And then we did another round of tests. And then we got to a better molecule
    0:43:12 that was more efficient in reducing the amount of senescent cells. So is this a novel molecule that
    0:43:19 you all have? Oh, interesting. It’s a completely novel proprietary peptide that we call OS1. And
    0:43:23 we have a publisher paper that describes the mechanism of action, how it works,
    0:43:31 how it enters the cells, activates DNA repair pathways, basically reduces the pathways that
    0:43:36 are producing inflammation. So in the end, you have fewer senescent cells. We can also show
    0:43:41 that it reverses the age of the skin. So in the end, we can also see that the skin is treated
    0:43:46 in the lab with OS1. They have two and a half years. They are two and a half years younger
    0:43:52 than the skins that were not treated. So it’s a very interesting approach because basically,
    0:43:57 our rationale is if senescent cells is one of the main drives of aging, if we target senescent
    0:44:03 cells, can we reverse skin aging? And then the way that we measure the skin biological age,
    0:44:09 we could actually quantify this age reversal effect. So this is really cool science. But
    0:44:15 the one thing that is so very important, as you all know, is really making sure that you get this
    0:44:21 validated in a way that isn’t just more marketing copy that we all see on every product everywhere
    0:44:27 talking about anti-aging. Anti-aging is burnt out as a topic these days because it’s mostly
    0:44:34 bullshit, right? And so what process did you go through for this to get proper peer-reviewed
    0:44:38 placebo-controlled actual studies to show that this is actually the case?
    0:44:44 Yeah. So first was all the science done in the lab where we do the experiments with us compared
    0:44:50 to a control. We test our molecule and then we evaluated the gene expressions, senescent level,
    0:44:56 biological age. And all this lab study, we submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. So peer
    0:45:02 scientists looked to that, come back. The process for publishing this data on this novel peptide,
    0:45:08 it took two years because we needed to show more data. And we did a single cell experiment to
    0:45:13 understand really the mechanism of the peptide and then was published in a very good journal,
    0:45:20 Nature Publishing Journal. And after we have the molecule, we have always done the formulation
    0:45:26 and test the formula, the final formula in the lab, but also in clinical studies.
    0:45:32 So we have clinical data. And the first one that we did, we were very bold on our hypothesis that
    0:45:39 we did the final formula of our face product with and without the peptide. And we did a split face
    0:45:44 study. On a single person. Yeah, this was just recently published as well. That’s really screwed
    0:45:51 up. Somebody walked with a jacked up face. So how does that work? So we were able, and the interesting
    0:45:56 thing is like more than, because sometimes the perception of the person, is this better or if
    0:46:03 it’s hard to say if it’s better or not, but we use instruments to analyze. So we measured the skin
    0:46:10 barrier properties of the skin and it was improved on the side that contain the peptide versus the
    0:46:16 other one. And participants are blind. The person that’s conducting this study is also blind. We
    0:46:23 saw difference also in the texture of the skin reduction on the indentation of the wrinkles,
    0:46:30 like so less wrinkles on the side that had the peptide versus the other one. So tell me how
    0:46:35 you measure that. Typically you go to a skincare website and they’re like 12 weeks later and there’s
    0:46:39 like a picture A, picture B, you know, was that photoshopped or you know what I mean, like what’s
    0:46:47 a scientific way to actually measure wrinkles? So there is the what they say expert blind analysis
    0:46:53 that either in person or through a picture, someone will give a rate on the quality of that
    0:46:58 wrinkles for one to five and then it’s completely blinded and you see the results of the baseline
    0:47:07 versus 12 weeks. Or you can also use some of the images too to really analyze using a software,
    0:47:14 the depth of those wrinkles and that measure like this length of the wrinkles and creates like a map
    0:47:20 and it’s a software analyzing. So it’s like high resolution thing. That seems way more objective
    0:47:25 than a subjective person just coming in and being like, Oh, it looks like they might have like a
    0:47:29 hard night of drinking or something and then they’re out the whole jacked up in this day.
    0:47:34 Yeah. So the main ones are vision and there’s another one called anteros. So these ones can
    0:47:41 quantify they generate images and you can see like the depth of the wrinkle. So you can quantify the
    0:47:47 these chains in a more, I would say, accurate way than a human subject analyzing it. And then
    0:47:52 there are other instruments that can measure the water loss like the hydration and how is
    0:47:58 the skin barrier, also the elasticity. So anytime that you look to a result of clinical studies
    0:48:04 on a website, if it’s consumer perception or subjective perception, it’s good that the study
    0:48:12 was done, but it’s not as analytical as when you have instrumental data because instrumental data
    0:48:18 then is more like quantifying the changes without subjective perception. Have you gone
    0:48:24 further? Have you gone like biopsy? And okay, so that’s crazy. Yeah. Yeah, how do you sign someone
    0:48:27 up for that? You’re probably like doing the back and neck or something or like, where do you do
    0:48:34 that? So for that one that we want to evaluate if we can reduce the skin’s age in humans, we needed
    0:48:41 to collect biopsy and then we did on the outer arm because it’s an area that’s also sun exposed,
    0:48:46 but people are more willing to give biopsy than the face is harder to call me someone.
    0:48:51 Right, to take a check out. Yeah. Yeah. And they are very small. It’s one millimeter biopsy.
    0:48:55 Right. Yeah. It doesn’t even leave a scar, but… Yeah, that’s still tougher for the face. Yeah,
    0:49:01 and we’re still analyzing. So we are measuring the changes in the biological age on people
    0:49:08 after using the product. We had run a pilot already that had nice results, but was only 10
    0:49:14 participants. So the statistical analysis was not that strong, but was on the right direction. So we
    0:49:20 improved for 30 participants and this is ongoing right now. We hope that this year, at the end
    0:49:25 of the year, we will have the data published as well. So you call this this compound OS1,
    0:49:30 is that right? Yeah. So I’ve been using it now for a couple months and I’ve already noticed
    0:49:35 good things. Generally, I have less little lines around here. This one that I naturally have all
    0:49:41 the time is not as big as it once was. My neck doesn’t look… I mean, it’s good, but I didn’t
    0:49:46 notice a reduction in dark spots. That’s the only thing. Is that because I have naturally dark spots
    0:49:52 around both sides? Are there limitations to how far this can go? What have you found? What is the
    0:49:56 compound good at and are the things that it’s not good at that you might add an additional
    0:50:03 compound over time? Yeah. So we did a test like the peptide effect in melanin production and we
    0:50:09 compared the retinol that you’re using and cajic acid. So these are two ingredients well known for
    0:50:18 hyperpigmentation. In the lab, we saw that our peptide performed better than retinol and cajic
    0:50:24 acid in producing both what we call like intracellular melanin and extracellular because the
    0:50:28 melanin that is ejected from the cells is the one that you’re going to notice.
    0:50:36 But obviously, the product was not designed to target like a pigmentation. So you can compliment
    0:50:43 it with potentially a retinol can help exfoliating the skin. Also, some products that are high in
    0:50:51 vitamin C that are more potent that can help. So hyperpigmentation is definitely a very challenging
    0:50:57 condition so that you can try with like different approaches to see if you can. But in general,
    0:51:02 what we would recommend like a light exfoliation that you can induce that cell turnover,
    0:51:09 you can potentially use retinol but don’t forget to pair with the product that’s going to hydrate
    0:51:15 and counteract the side effects of retinol, vitamin C and obviously sunscreen because if you’re
    0:51:21 going to get more dark spots, if you don’t treat it and be exposed in the sun.
    0:51:26 It’s interesting. Everyone must be just so uniquely different. My father was still around
    0:51:32 and alive. If you look at him in his 70s, he had just massive dark spots and I know that like people
    0:51:38 go in and they get lasers done to actually work on these as well. The lasers, I’ve heard scary
    0:51:43 things. I’ve heard you can either like really work or it can actually sometimes go the opposite way
    0:51:48 and make them darker. Yeah, because what can happen is that a rebound effect, right? If you
    0:51:54 insult your skin too much, if you basically rip off like all the and you’re like, you remove
    0:52:01 completely the epidermal layer, then you need to grow a new epidermal layer but you caused
    0:52:08 so much insult and damage to your skin that the inflammation can make that process to come back
    0:52:14 like even worse. Some ingredients, for example, hydroquinone that people also use, that inhibits
    0:52:20 tyrosinase, that’s one of the enzymes that’s involved in melanin production, they can have
    0:52:26 these rebound effects. I would definitely avoid hydroquinone. I think right now, if you’re going
    0:52:35 a mild way, it can help but in lasers, IPL is one that usually is not super strong but there are
    0:52:42 all these that can potentially cause that rebound that you just need to be careful. Yeah. And one
    0:52:49 thing like that we need to think when we go to laser and other approaches is your skin, how it
    0:52:55 is the skin health at that moment, it’s important to how your skin will react to that treatment.
    0:53:00 As Carol was saying, like the underlying causes of what’s bringing this dark spot or inflammation.
    0:53:07 So we see our product pairing super well with those kind of procedures because it’s helping to
    0:53:14 reduce the aging and the damage on the skin. So the skin is more in a healthy state. So when you
    0:53:20 do those treatments, you can benefit more and see better results. I see. Yeah. You have a more
    0:53:27 resilient skin. So even if you have some kind of damage, your skin recovers in a healthier way.
    0:53:32 Yeah. I love the fact that your products, they’re just straightforward. It’s like you have a face
    0:53:37 wash, you have like a body lotion and you’ve got like a general face and then you have some eye stuff
    0:53:43 if you really want to concentrate. So the eye serum, it’s not serum, it’s just a cry cream.
    0:53:49 It’s the most concentrated version of this OS1, right? Yeah. So am I doing it wrong? I’m kind of
    0:53:54 cheating because I’m putting that all over. Yeah. Is that cheating or is that okay? It’s okay if you
    0:54:00 have like places that you’re seeing that there’s my damage. I can also do that. It gets more expensive.
    0:54:06 It’s very interesting because why we decided to produce the eye cream was we were seeing on
    0:54:11 the literature and there was a very interesting research done measuring the biological age of
    0:54:18 different areas of the skin face. And the biological age of the under eye and the eyelid
    0:54:23 was 20 to 30 years older than right on the temples and cheeks. I mean, it makes sense. Yeah. It makes
    0:54:29 sense. It’s a thinner skin, accumulates more damage. So we started to receive eyelid and under
    0:54:34 eye skin in our lab and it’s so thin as well and we start to look to the markers of some essence.
    0:54:42 How do you buy eye skin, like eyelids? We go to the market and then we ask. You can buy like as
    0:54:48 a researcher, usually skin from Abdomen, from plastic surgery. Oh, I understand because you’re
    0:54:53 getting rid of it anyway. They’re getting rid and also like from left over plastic surgery,
    0:54:59 there’s skin that’s left over and you can either partner with the dermatologist or there are some
    0:55:06 places that you can buy as well. So having that skin in our lab, we start to like really to realize
    0:55:12 how thin is that skin and how much damage when we measure the markers of aging on that skin.
    0:55:18 So the whole optimization of the formula was all treated on the skins from the eyelid and
    0:55:24 then we compared it even with the face product. We treat eyelid skins with face and the eye cream
    0:55:30 and we see that face is able to reduce cellulose and essence markers, inflammatory markers,
    0:55:35 but it’s more potent with this formula that we created specific for this area and even the
    0:55:41 collagen production, the induction is higher. So that’s why we recommend, especially if you already
    0:55:48 have more visible signs of aging, to use the eye cream. If you are still like on early 30s and you
    0:55:53 have like still a good, you can use face on the eye areas completely safe and you can see benefits,
    0:55:59 but yeah, our eye cream is the most potent and sometimes yeah, you can use another areas if
    0:56:05 you want. That’s awesome. What do you think about probiotics and skin biome? Is that a thing or is
    0:56:09 that just made? I mean, obviously it’s a thing and that there’s like bacteria on your skin,
    0:56:18 but are they harmful? Yeah. I mean, microbiome is a very complex kind of subject. We know that
    0:56:24 they are obviously bacteria in our skin that’s good for us and the goal of probiotics is to
    0:56:30 increase the rate of good bacteria and decrease the rate of the bad bacteria and fungi and virus.
    0:56:36 So they are important to maintain the skin health and the skin barrier. So if you have a balanced
    0:56:42 microbiome, they are going to generate metabolites that control inflammation. So it’s super,
    0:56:48 it’s super important for your skin. How you manage that in terms of changing the microbiome,
    0:56:54 you can change for bad if you use bad products. If you use products that have some preservatives
    0:57:00 that can really kill off a lot of the good bacteria. In our case, we are not experiencing
    0:57:04 microbiome, but one thing that we want to make sure is that our product didn’t stir the skin
    0:57:12 microbiome. So it didn’t run a test that we evaluate after how many weeks? So as after six
    0:57:20 weeks was a clinical study. So we swabbed the skin at baseline and we sequenced the skin microbiome.
    0:57:27 And after six weeks using the face product, we swab again and sequenced the microbiome again.
    0:57:33 And what we saw with our product was that we are not disturbing the microbiome. So it’s a
    0:57:39 microbiome friendly. There was even some indications of the good bacteria being proliferating in a
    0:57:46 better environment after the six weeks. But as Carol was saying, so complex and there’s still
    0:57:52 a lot of like knowledge starting to be built on the correlation of aging, longevity and the
    0:57:59 skin microbiome, that’s hard to like make the final say what is good or bad. But in general,
    0:58:04 we do see and I think it’s important in a lot of products, they don’t care or they don’t have
    0:58:07 resources for that. Yeah, I mean the fact that you did this is pretty amazing. We did it like just
    0:58:14 to make sure and we at least we’ve done for OS1 face that you can use on the whole face. We will
    0:58:20 potentially do with the other products as well. But at least we know that we are not disturbing
    0:58:25 the skin microbiome because it is important to keep your skin healthy, to have a good skin
    0:58:30 microbiome. Yeah, that’s awesome that you even did that study. A couple other questions for you,
    0:58:36 red light therapy. If you go to any of these dermatologists or more so just like someone
    0:58:42 that’s going to exfoliate you or something like that, my wife signed me up for one time in SF and
    0:58:47 I went and it was a crazy experience. I hadn’t done a whole heck of a lot of that, but they put
    0:58:52 all kinds of lasers and shit on my face like not lasers, but like the different LEDs on my face.
    0:58:55 And I gotta tell you, I was like sitting there, I’m like, this is some bullshit. I just like you
    0:59:00 don’t think it’s like real. Do you think there’s any good data to support any of that?
    0:59:07 There are a lot of studies and I think there is an agreement that it helps your skin. We don’t,
    0:59:13 I mean, it’s through light. So the mechanism is a little complex, but because it’s a low,
    0:59:20 how can I say, it’s a low impact and it needs to be something that you use every day to see results
    0:59:26 long term. But there are studies showing that it’s going to improve the cellular function. So
    0:59:31 your cell will function in terms of producing more energy and then this will lead to more collagen
    0:59:37 production to the overall health of your skin can have like anti-inflammatory effects, but it’s not
    0:59:41 like one day that you do 30 minutes that you’re going to see results. Right, which is what they were
    0:59:48 doing. Yeah, exactly. So usually if you have a regimen or a routine of using, you know, 20 minutes
    0:59:54 a day every day, there are studies supporting that because in the end, the goal is to reduce
    0:59:59 like inflammation and improve that cellular function in a different mechanism that our product
    1:00:05 works. And the good part that there is no, you know, detrimental effect. So it’s very safe.
    1:00:10 So for people that want to try different strategies, I think that’s interesting.
    1:00:14 Yeah, I was talking to Rhonda Patrick about this and I don’t know that she’s published her report
    1:00:19 on it yet, but she was saying that there’s just so many companies out there in that field and you
    1:00:26 have to get the spectrum right. And there also has to be a proximity to the skin that gives you
    1:00:31 enough penetration to actually make it work. I won’t spoil her article, but she had thrown away
    1:00:36 a bunch of like, it seemed to be like bad candidates just because there was a lot of marketing hype.
    1:00:41 And she’s like, there’s good science here. There is something there, but it has to be
    1:00:45 the right delivery mechanism. So it feels like that’s what we’re all waiting to see.
    1:00:51 So I’m really curious to see what she comes out with. All right, so acne scars are a big one
    1:00:59 for a lot of people. Anything we can do? I mean, acne after the scar is formed is a very complex
    1:01:06 thing to solve because it means that the extracellular matrix like the collagen matrix,
    1:01:13 it’s built differently from the rest of your skin. It’s somehow unhealthy, the balance. And also you
    1:01:18 have more production of melanin. That’s why it sometimes gets like a different color. So once
    1:01:25 you have this scar, the repair system, it’s a little bit hard to do. If you’re improving your
    1:01:30 skin health and there are products that you can use together, there are some micro needling that’s
    1:01:39 like trying to induce the repair pathways again and remodeling that tissue again that can help.
    1:01:46 There are some peelings that can help, but it will all depend on the degree of that scar.
    1:01:52 And it’s a medical doctor can analyze, but it’s hard to have a single topical product that will
    1:01:58 eliminate scar tissue from acne. Yeah, you brought up micro needling, which is interesting because
    1:02:03 it’s a hot topic right now, hot area. I say this like I know what I’m talking about, but I’ve
    1:02:09 heard enough people talking about it. I will say that a friend of mine, she went in recently,
    1:02:13 this is some true shit. I’m sure you know what I’m talking about. She got her blood drawn,
    1:02:22 and then they spin it and they pull out the stem cells out of it. And then you can micro needle
    1:02:26 and put stem cells back into your face. Or maybe it’s the stem cells they’re pulling out. I don’t
    1:02:35 know where they’re pulling out the blood. Is that real science? Yeah, because there are a lot
    1:02:40 of growth factors in your plasma. So basically what they’re doing is concentrating those growth
    1:02:45 factors and applying some people apply on your hair for hair growth. You can also apply in your
    1:02:51 skin. But also what I usually say, okay, if your body is healthy, if you have a low inflammation
    1:02:57 body that can work, if your body is completely inflamed, even if you purify your PRP and apply
    1:03:04 your near faces, it may not work. So you need to basically harvest from a good source. And if
    1:03:09 that person is healthy, you are just concentrating those growth factors and applying so your skin
    1:03:16 will regenerate in a more efficient way. And the micro needle allows the penetration of those
    1:03:21 growth factors. So it’s important to have the micro needle associated on this kind of thing.
    1:03:26 So they can break through and actually get in. What allows your compound to get past that barrier
    1:03:33 to actually get into its work? So there is permeability on our skin. And because of the size,
    1:03:39 the conformation, and the type of formulas we have, the peptide can naturally penetrate the skin. And
    1:03:46 we know that because we measure when we have a human skin in our lab, we can use a tool called
    1:03:51 it’s a front cell where you apply the product on top and you see what’s coming pulling down.
    1:03:59 And we can just detect through mass spectrum the amount of peptides. So we know it’s not all molecules
    1:04:04 that can penetrate. This is something also important because not all companies look to
    1:04:11 penetration studies on even like growth factors. Sometimes you will see growth factors on products
    1:04:16 and usually they have high size. And I’m not sure if they will penetrate or not,
    1:04:20 and they don’t have data to ensure that. So a lot of times you’re buying something that
    1:04:26 the concept is nice, like the idea is nice. But if it’s not being delivered, it’s not working,
    1:04:31 it’s not having the action. Is it crazy that like when I put stuff on, I just, I rub it,
    1:04:37 I’m kind of like, good, I’m done. Do I really need to massage it in? Am I going to get any benefit
    1:04:42 from like really working the compound into the skin? I don’t think the massage will help the
    1:04:48 compound. Obviously you apply and make sure that you don’t rub it off. Like to just make sure that
    1:04:54 you have a nice application. I think the massage helps in other ways. With blood circulation,
    1:05:00 more nutrients being delivered and it helps like clearing out the skin. There’s no science,
    1:05:06 like, okay, if you massage for 30 seconds, you will have better benefits. It’s a self-care moment
    1:05:12 as well. You kind of know too, once it’s like, you need to feel that you have enough, that your
    1:05:17 skin feels hydrated, and then you should be good to go. Awesome. Two more questions before we wrap
    1:05:23 it up. OS1 in software iterations, there might be an OS2 and OS3. Obviously you’re still working
    1:05:29 on new science. How do you continue to push things forward? Yeah, I think one of the things that
    1:05:35 we’re studying right now is really to understand the precise mechanism of action that the peptide
    1:05:41 works. Because knowing where it binds and which cells is activating in a more, I would say, precise
    1:05:47 way, we can create modifications that can optimize that peptide. We can create smaller versions of
    1:05:53 the peptide that can penetrate even better. So we are working on that, doing these studies that are
    1:06:00 more like molecular studies. It’s super interesting, because I love this part so much. We have the
    1:06:06 skin tissue, and we’re treating with the peptide, and we’re isolating single cells of the tissue. So
    1:06:12 on our skin, we have mainly keratinocytes and fibroblasts, but we have melanocytes,
    1:06:17 we have endothelial cells, we have immune cells. So now the study that we’re doing,
    1:06:23 it’s individually on all the cells that are on the skin, what’s the fact that the peptide treatment
    1:06:31 is giving? How? On a cell-by-cell basis. And we can see, and now we are able to identify if the
    1:06:38 peptide is reducing more cellular senescence in one cell type versus other, and we are analyzing
    1:06:44 this, and this can allow us. Okay, now we know exactly where he’s more potent, the peptide is
    1:06:49 more potent. Let’s find a molecule then for this other time. Right, so you can put A and B in
    1:06:53 the other better outcomes. I have like synergistic effects, so this is what we’re working on.
    1:06:59 That would be like a 1.1 or something. Yeah. Oh, interesting. So our goal is, yeah, it’s super
    1:07:05 exciting. Our goal is eventually like to bring, like iPhone, bring a new version of the cell phone,
    1:07:12 we will bring the new version of the OS1 phase with these improvements that are all science-based
    1:07:20 to better like to improve efficacy and improve the final results of the product. That’s awesome.
    1:07:26 A couple more questions. Do you have to worry about different skin types like male versus female,
    1:07:32 thickness levels, darker skins versus lighter skins? Is this kind of a general peptide that
    1:07:38 can work on all skin types? Yeah, the peptide because it’s targeting the mechanism of aging,
    1:07:44 the underlying mechanism of aging, and this is occurring does not matter like the gender or
    1:07:50 the skin type. So the mechanism of the peptide is independent. It can work on all genders.
    1:07:56 Universally true for all humans. And then what we try to do, it’s create a formula for delivering
    1:08:03 this peptide that’s more universal, that can suit well different skin types. So this is like the
    1:08:09 formulation process that we chose to use to not over complicate. So there is difference like on
    1:08:16 the skin from men to women in terms that men, they produce more collagen than women. This is unfair.
    1:08:25 So women usually start aging first like faster than men. The skin aging happens earlier on women,
    1:08:30 but the reason why it’s happening is the same. Eventually, like in the men, it’s the accumulation
    1:08:35 of this damaged cells and that’s in cells, the inflammation. So what the peptide is doing is
    1:08:42 like common. And that’s why the product can be used by different skin type and different genders
    1:08:50 as well. That’s fantastic. What are some common skincare myths and misconceptions that you’d
    1:08:56 like to correct that are out there today? Are there things that people believe to be true
    1:08:59 that you look at and you’re just like, why are people doing this?
    1:09:08 I think one of them is that you need like 10 step skincare routine to have like a good skin.
    1:09:16 I think the goal is try to simplify and to minimize the amount of products and be more
    1:09:21 intentional with the ingredients that you are delivering. The other one, I think this is an
    1:09:31 important one, is about causing too much damage in order to have like a nice, I’d say flawless skin
    1:09:37 because, for example, for a long time, everyone was pushing for the highest strength of retinol.
    1:09:42 Or you’re going to the dermatologist and you were doing the speeding that you were basically like
    1:09:50 removing the layers. The intensive skin. Exactly. And now we’re realizing that long-term
    1:09:56 this may not be the best option for your skin health. If you do too much damage, eventually
    1:10:02 you can exhaust your skin. Your skin can get like very thin and more vulnerable and sensitive
    1:10:09 over time. So I think there is a balance. And I was one of these people that was using retinol
    1:10:14 all the time in peeling off and think, okay, I’m just getting younger. This is good for me. And
    1:10:19 that’s how it is until we start testing retinol in the lab. And we were seeing that when we apply
    1:10:25 retinol in the skin cells, like it not only increases inflammation, which we can all see
    1:10:31 if we use retinol in the first days, but also some genes related to aging were going up.
    1:10:37 And then I was like, okay, this is supposed to be anti-aging. And it’s like elevating some
    1:10:43 genes associated with aging. And I think the main conclusion is that, yes, retinol can do that in
    1:10:50 the acute phase when your skin is getting adept. But if you continue to insult your skin with stronger
    1:10:58 and stronger versions, you may be exhausting your skin. And this cumulative damage may not
    1:11:03 be good for you in the long term. So I think it’s basically respecting your skin and trying to find
    1:11:09 that balance of a little bit of what we call a hermetic stress, right? That you are activating
    1:11:16 your skin cells to work well for you, but not crossing that line that you’re causing too much
    1:11:22 damage. And maybe the other one that’s also interesting is about the Botox, right? Is Botox
    1:11:28 good or bad for you? I don’t think that it’s bad. I think it’s bad if you overdo it. Because if you’re
    1:11:35 overdoing it, basically make your skin muscles lazy because you’re not using them for that time.
    1:11:42 And you need also to pair Botox with something that is activating your skin cells to produce
    1:11:48 collagen. Because Botox by itself won’t do that, right? We’ll just erase your wrinkles because it’s
    1:11:56 paralyzing the muscles. So I think obviously there are those options that can give you that smooth
    1:12:02 appearance, but it’s not treating the underneath cause. And in the end, okay, I can do a little bit
    1:12:09 of Botox and I can have a very good skin care regimen at home that is still enhancing my skin
    1:12:15 health and my skin’s ability to produce collagen. Turns out it’s about the slow and steady long
    1:12:22 game versus any quick fix. It sounds nice. Exactly. Yeah. Well, this has been awesome. Really appreciate
    1:12:28 you both coming on and chatting through these topics. Where can people read more of the research?
    1:12:34 Where can they learn more about what you all are up to? Yeah. So on our website, oneskin.co,
    1:12:40 there’s a section scientific publication. So you can see like the scientific, the original
    1:12:46 piece of data. We also have a blog. It’s called reference lab. And in our blog, we digest all
    1:12:53 our papers into a more easy friendly type of communication. We also talk about a lot of
    1:13:01 the myth on skin aging, but also overall health and longevity. So these two places inside our
    1:13:07 website are very good sources to look into our data. Awesome. Sounds good. Thank you for joining
    1:13:10 me on the show. Thank you so much, Kevin. Awesome.

    Are any of the so-called anti-aging products on the market actually effective? Kevin sits down with two experts, Carolina Reis Oliveira and Alessandra Zonari from OneSkin to get the latest on the complex process of aging, senescent cells aka “zombie cells”, types of collagen and how collagen production is affected, the #1 offender of skin, how sugar plays a role in aging and much more. This episode is packed with all you need to know to uncover the truth about skin aging and learn how to take care of your skin for a healthier and younger-looking appearance.

    Guest Bio and Links:

    Carolina Reis Oliveira is the Co-founder and CEO of OneSkin, a biotechnology company dedicated to developing solutions that extend skin health and, thereby, longevity. With a biochemistry degree and a Ph.D. in Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Carolina has led her team to innovate in the realm of skincare by tackling aging at its source. Her work not only encompasses scientific research but also bridges the gap between science and consumer skincare products. Carolina is an alumnus of IndieBio, the world’s largest seed biotech accelerator. She moved from Latin America to Silicon Valley in 2016 to found OneSkin and has been actively engaged in the longevity ecosystem in the Bay Area.

    Alessandra Zonari, co-founder of OneSkin, brings her expertise in immunology, stem cell biology, and bioinformatics to the forefront of the skincare industry. Her scientific acumen and dedication have been instrumental in the foundational research that led to the creation of OneSkin and its revolutionary products.

    Listeners can learn more about OneSkin at

    https://www.oneskin.co/

     

    Partners:

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    Resources:

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    Scientific Publications: OneSkin Publications

    Show Notes: 

    * (0:00) Introduction

    * (1:00) Get 20% off at kevinrose.com/deleteme   

    * (3:00) Get $150 off at kevinrose.com/plunge   

    * (4:40) Overview of today’s episode 

    * (8:00) Introduction to skin health  

    * (10:30) The science of skin aging and senescent cells  

    * (13:00) Fasting and autophagy benefits   

    * (19:30) Join Kevin’s newsletter

    * (20:30) The role of sugar in aging 

    * (25:40) Collagen production and aging 

    * (29:00) How to spot an optimal vitamin C 

    * (36:30) Supplementation for skin 

    * (38:15) The start of OneSkin

    * (46:40) Scientific ways to measure wrinkles 

    * (53:40) OS-01 FACE Topical Supplement

    * (58:00) Probiotics and skin microbiome 

    * (58:30) Benefits of red light therapy 

    * (1:05:00) The latest on OneSkin 

    * (1:08:50) Common skincare myths  

    Connect with Kevin:

    Website:

    https://www.kevinrose.com/

     

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    This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.kevinrose.com/subscribe

  • Gavin Purcell & Kevin Pereira, The Future of AI (#55)

    AI transcript
    0:00:03 First of all, why did you guys pivot into “distraded AI”?
    0:00:08 I would say, to me, the thing that was really interesting about it was it felt transformative in a way that…
    0:00:12 We’re entering an era, like it looked like anyone is saying anything at any point in time.
    0:00:15 I’m a little worried about the AI stuff.
    0:00:17 All the people are talking about agentive AI right now, right?
    0:00:23 And this is a good example of what you have there, conceivably, is your agent that you’re making.
    0:00:25 That’s gonna need to go out. One of the coolest things about AI is it’s…
    0:00:30 If so, we don’t have this theory that social media was the kind of democratization of distribution.
    0:00:37 AI is kind of democratized creation, meaning that suddenly the floor is raised for everybody that wants to create things.
    0:00:42 There could be 100%, and this is like the Wally problem, right?
    0:00:45 The risk that I always find is that, like, how do you bring the human side into it?
    0:00:50 There will be something lost, but then will those people be able to have more time to do things with their family?
    0:00:50 Maybe.
    0:00:57 So if you follow me on the Instagram, I’m sure you’ve seen I’m doing 90 days, no drinking.
    0:01:03 Today is day number 25, and I’ve upped my cardio a ton, which feels great.
    0:01:07 I’ve been rucking a lot, which is where you put this weighted backpack on while you’re hiking.
    0:01:13 At the end of my workouts, though, I’m sweating like crazy, which is good, but you need to replenish your electrolytes.
    0:01:18 And sadly, most of those replacement powders out there are just packed with sugar and they go straight to gut fat,
    0:01:25 which is the reason I use Element. There’s no sugar and it has a science-backed ratio of 1,000 mg sodium,
    0:01:29 200 mg potassium, and 60 mg magnesium.
    0:01:35 Not only no sugar, no coloring, no artificial ingredients, no gluten, no fillers, just no BS.
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    0:03:27 Gavin, Kevin, so glad to have you guys here.
    0:03:28 Oh, we’re psyched.
    0:03:28 We’re psyched.
    0:03:29 Dude, this is great.
    0:03:30 Yeah, it’s fun.
    0:03:31 So you had me on your show.
    0:03:32 Yep.
    0:03:34 That was a really fun show.
    0:03:34 Well, good.
    0:03:35 I had a ton of fun.
    0:03:38 Because for me, we’re all AI geeks.
    0:03:40 Like we’re playing with all the tools, but you guys are like living and breathing it.
    0:03:43 I’m like a few steps removed.
    0:03:45 I have to hear like three people be like, hey, this is cool.
    0:03:46 And I’m like, all right, let me go check it out.
    0:03:48 Are you still elping yourself?
    0:03:49 Are you like in jib jab?
    0:03:49 Yes.
    0:03:50 Era of technology.
    0:03:51 I’m in jib jab.
    0:03:52 I haven’t broken out.
    0:03:56 But I want to have you guys on because you’re so in the mix on what’s going on here.
    0:03:58 You’re giving talks about this stuff.
    0:04:01 Can you tell us and the audience is watching?
    0:04:02 What are you seeing?
    0:04:04 Well, first of all, why did you guys pivot into this arena?
    0:04:08 Like you both had very successful careers doing other things in video.
    0:04:08 Yep.
    0:04:08 Yeah.
    0:04:12 But AI was enough to be like, okay, we have to join forces to make this happen.
    0:04:16 To me, the thing that was really interesting about it was it felt transformative in a way
    0:04:19 that I hadn’t felt since way back in the web two days, right?
    0:04:21 Web two was this really interesting moment.
    0:04:23 And I was never like really in it.
    0:04:27 You were got into it, but tangentially watching it was it felt like, oh, suddenly
    0:04:30 everybody’s out there and able to interact.
    0:04:32 You can make stuff yourself when YouTube came out.
    0:04:33 Twitter came out.
    0:04:35 Instagram, dig all these things started.
    0:04:40 It felt like, oh, this is a moment of something where we are changing the way things are made.
    0:04:42 And that’s what AI felt like to me.
    0:04:42 Yes.
    0:04:47 And I didn’t want to, I mean, Kevin, I do this like a fun thing and we were really interested
    0:04:51 in it, but like we started doing a GPT three is what we first saw.
    0:04:54 If you remember GPT three, it was like 2021.
    0:04:56 We were both blown away by what was possible.
    0:04:59 Then that was if you’re not familiar with the backstory that’s open AI started before
    0:05:03 chat GPT, they had been releasing a bunch of GPT models.
    0:05:05 That model was the first one when you interacted with it.
    0:05:09 It felt almost like you could do this character stuff, which we really, I would say even GPT
    0:05:13 two was like a turn on in a way that I think this room and maybe some of the audience will
    0:05:14 understand.
    0:05:17 Do you remember the first time you heard the modem handshake noise?
    0:05:19 Oh, actually connected to the machine, right?
    0:05:23 And you just were like, Oh my God, I’m actually talking to another computer.
    0:05:25 Yeah, we’re really dating ourselves here.
    0:05:27 No, but that’s the moment, right?
    0:05:28 And I remember it vividly.
    0:05:29 The iPhone was like that too.
    0:05:34 For me, there’s only like four big moments in like my last call it like 20 plus years
    0:05:39 in technology where I’m like, a big shift, holy shit, we got to pay attention.
    0:05:40 It was dial up.
    0:05:43 I would say from there it was like web one was really interesting because PayPal came
    0:05:47 out of that eBay came out of that Amazon came out of that some of the bigs that are
    0:05:51 still around obviously then it was web two was interesting because that was like interactive
    0:05:55 web pages in a way that we hadn’t seen a second is JavaScript allows to vote on things
    0:05:59 and then make like real time comments and have a living, breathing web and UGC, right?
    0:06:03 Which I think is a huge deal and you just still underestimate in a major way of people
    0:06:08 generating their own content, blogging, like self expression, like following the following
    0:06:13 feature like that, that Jack and when they added that to Twitter, because you had to
    0:06:16 remember before that was all bidirectional relationships.
    0:06:20 So if you want to follow someone on MySpace, it was like, I friend request, you accept
    0:06:22 request now we can share.
    0:06:27 And so when it turned to following that was like, that really screwed up society that
    0:06:28 was the thing.
    0:06:29 That was the problem.
    0:06:34 Let’s go one to every one and that’s where all of a sudden the town hall was now a global
    0:06:36 town hall and it was like, it was crazy.
    0:06:41 But anyway, that moment, the smartphone and it wasn’t the first smartphone because you
    0:06:46 remember like the pumps and the Windows devices, the little stylus and shit, this is horrible.
    0:06:48 But I was saying it’s those tingly moments, right?
    0:06:54 And I remember even with GPT to having that right broken magnet poetry, like someone’s
    0:06:57 just replacing words on the refrigerator and if there’s a sentence there, I remember seeing
    0:07:00 that and going, Oh, wow, I’ve been here before.
    0:07:04 It was that weird sense memory of this gets better.
    0:07:07 This is the this is something we say all the time on the podcast right now is the worst
    0:07:10 this technology will ever be right.
    0:07:11 It only gets better from here.
    0:07:14 I know which is super scary because it’s hard to be damn good.
    0:07:15 Yeah.
    0:07:18 But there might be one thing we also talk about is there might be a lot of legal things
    0:07:21 that get in the way of it or people that get in the way of it and I think that’s the other
    0:07:22 side of this.
    0:07:25 And on our podcast, we try to deal with the human version of what these things are.
    0:07:29 And they’re the technology is going to probably go exponential for a long time, right?
    0:07:32 So far, you can train more data means better models.
    0:07:35 But what are the consequences of those things?
    0:07:36 What does it mean if there’s a better model?
    0:07:40 What does it mean if that model can produce a deepfake of somebody in in five seconds,
    0:07:41 right?
    0:07:42 We just talked about it.
    0:07:43 It’s going to happen though.
    0:07:45 I don’t think the legal thing is going to be a real thing.
    0:07:46 I’ll tell you why.
    0:07:50 I’ve seen this unfold a couple of other times when Uber first came out, everyone tried to
    0:07:52 regulate the hell out of them.
    0:07:54 But consumers said, actually, I really like Uber.
    0:07:56 I want to use Uber.
    0:08:01 And if they didn’t do it, other startups would fill in other countries and other jurisdictions
    0:08:04 and it was like, it was going to, they had to change the loss.
    0:08:05 And they did.
    0:08:06 And Uber was fine.
    0:08:08 YouTube was the same thing.
    0:08:10 YouTube almost went out of business.
    0:08:13 They were getting sued left and right by the major industry players because they were
    0:08:17 put all kinds of copyrighted material in there and they didn’t have smart systems to go in
    0:08:19 and find all that stuff in real time.
    0:08:20 Google kind of saved them.
    0:08:24 I don’t know if you remember when the acquisition happened, but they were under a lot of pressure
    0:08:26 and the Google said, you know what?
    0:08:27 We have deep enough pockets here.
    0:08:31 We’re going to go in and actually settle these, figure out the terms.
    0:08:33 Same thing happened with Napster, with music sharing.
    0:08:36 When consumer behavior changes, these things will get ironed out.
    0:08:39 I think they’ll be, they’ll definitely be lost if it’s no doubt, but there’ll be settlements
    0:08:40 and we’ll move on.
    0:08:45 I think that legal red tape is only going to slow down the bigs so much, right?
    0:08:51 Because even if it does 1%, let’s say it doesn’t matter because if you use the Uber analogy,
    0:08:54 there is an open source solution right around the corner where it’s like, Hey, do you want
    0:08:55 to drive?
    0:08:56 Well, it’s not for Uber.
    0:08:59 It’s for the open source taxi delivery service.
    0:09:02 We’re seeing that with AI where it’s like the foundational models might get under attack.
    0:09:07 They might have to guard rail it so you can’t generate SpongeBob smoking blunts on the couch.
    0:09:10 But there is an open source something freely available.
    0:09:12 You can grab it and they’re going to keep iterating on that.
    0:09:13 That’s exactly right.
    0:09:18 Because anytime you crack down on something, there will be an underground version of that
    0:09:19 thing that works.
    0:09:20 It’s just going to happen.
    0:09:21 I’ve seen this.
    0:09:22 I mean, you guys have seen this.
    0:09:25 I’ve been invited into these discords where you can go, you don’t know what I’m talking
    0:09:26 about.
    0:09:27 I don’t know.
    0:09:28 Walk away.
    0:09:29 Walk away.
    0:09:30 What’s going on in your disc?
    0:09:31 What?
    0:09:32 You can do some crazy shit.
    0:09:33 Yeah, sure.
    0:09:34 You can break all the rules.
    0:09:36 Those are just whack-a-mole.
    0:09:37 That’s not going away.
    0:09:41 And then you have other countries that are like, yeah, US, go ahead.
    0:09:42 Please.
    0:09:43 Pregulate this.
    0:09:44 Please.
    0:09:46 So we can just jump in here in this rule because we won’t have the same regulation.
    0:09:51 That’s why the pause letter, which we talked about a lot, which Elon and a few tech luminary
    0:09:53 sign, that’s why it was just so laughable.
    0:09:54 You guys need to slow down.
    0:10:00 Pull this big imaginary lever that doesn’t really exist to stop development, stop training,
    0:10:01 stop advancement.
    0:10:03 Meanwhile, everybody else is going to lap you.
    0:10:05 And by the way, I’m trying to build it in my closet.
    0:10:06 Right.
    0:10:08 And we’re saying, hey, why don’t we pause?
    0:10:09 You pause.
    0:10:10 I’m going to actually open here.
    0:10:14 I’m going to keep building really hard because they’re just trying to, it’s not working.
    0:10:17 I think the question with the YouTube model is the most interesting one, right?
    0:10:20 Because YouTube went from being what was a lot of pirated content to now whatever it
    0:10:25 is, like $150 billion business and all of the big people came onto it.
    0:10:28 That was the thing where like CBS, NBC, all these people that weren’t going to be part
    0:10:32 of YouTube now are because it’s a great distribution channel.
    0:10:35 The big question I have with this is who will be the person that wins to be the place where
    0:10:38 they’re going to, all these companies are going to lean in on.
    0:10:42 Is there a person that wins because with the YouTube, you can make all those deals.
    0:10:46 What does it look like if it’s 15 different things and then all that stuff exists?
    0:10:47 Yeah.
    0:10:48 It’s a good question.
    0:10:52 I think it’s going to be some type of bi-directional relationship that is beneficial to both parties.
    0:10:53 So I’ll give you an example.
    0:10:54 This is a true story.
    0:10:57 My wife woke up this morning and she goes, hey, my whoop data is like saying that I’m
    0:10:58 off today.
    0:11:01 Like I’m a little bit under and I’m wondering why I didn’t have any drinks last night and
    0:11:02 blah, blah.
    0:11:04 I’m like, why don’t you just ask the AI because it’s built into whoop right now.
    0:11:08 So whoop has a prompt and you can go in there and I literally took her phone and typed in
    0:11:10 like, why am I in the orange today or whatever.
    0:11:13 And it was like, oh, your heart rate was a little bit higher than normal blah, blah,
    0:11:14 blah.
    0:11:18 And it was like, it was, that’s powered by, you know, whatever, chat, GPT or whatever’s
    0:11:21 behind the scenes there using your real time data as part of the model.
    0:11:25 And so there’s a beneficial effect that I have to imagine when we’re talking about the
    0:11:31 New York Times data, when you’re talking about Washington Post or any of these walled gardens,
    0:11:35 you’ll have private models that you will to say, hey, I’m a member of chat GPT, but I’m
    0:11:37 going to do the $2 a month add-on.
    0:11:40 Kind of like when I buy Apple TV and it’s like, would you like to add stars for an extra
    0:11:41 $2 or whatever?
    0:11:42 You’re like, all right.
    0:11:43 You tell me we’re building actual bundles again.
    0:11:44 Is that what we’re doing?
    0:11:45 But I feel like it’s going to be that way.
    0:11:48 We’ll extend it in interesting ways and say, actually it is interesting for me to have the
    0:11:54 back catalog of the Financial Times because I value that quality of reporting and I want
    0:11:57 that as part of my stack that I’m getting back.
    0:11:58 Or it’s an add-on for a subscription, right?
    0:12:03 If I’m a New York Times subscriber, which I am, I would be able to get that as part of
    0:12:04 the thing.
    0:12:05 That is valuable for sure.
    0:12:06 100%.
    0:12:11 The question I still have is like, if I want to have Spongebob interact with Luke Skywalker
    0:12:14 or whatever, those two people together, they have the power to do that now.
    0:12:19 That’s all the legal background stuff that has to get solved to make it fun and interactive.
    0:12:20 I don’t know if it’s fair use though, man.
    0:12:22 It’s just going to be considered fair.
    0:12:23 You think so?
    0:12:25 I mean, if you’ve created a full-featured film with Spongebob in it, I think you have
    0:12:28 some grounds that actually let’s not do that.
    0:12:32 But I think if you’re a verified license holder, which is where we’re heading, it’s like, well,
    0:12:36 do you have the Disney+ package and you have the Viacom, Nickelodeon, whatever, okay.
    0:12:39 You can get Spongebob being forced choked by Darth Vader.
    0:12:40 You can have it.
    0:12:42 If you want to release it commercially, that’s a whole other thing.
    0:12:46 And if we decide to allow you, you’ll maybe get a small teeny-tiny royalty, but who are
    0:12:47 we kidding?
    0:12:48 You’re probably going to get nothing.
    0:12:49 They’ll get everything.
    0:12:51 Thank you for making the next worldwide sensation meet.
    0:12:52 Yeah.
    0:12:53 You see this with YouTube, right?
    0:12:54 Yeah.
    0:12:55 At least something with a commercial song.
    0:12:57 It detects that song related to it.
    0:12:58 And it gets paid back.
    0:12:59 It gets paid back.
    0:13:00 It knows that you used it.
    0:13:02 Like, I have the feeling those rails are being built right now.
    0:13:03 Yeah.
    0:13:06 And by the way, that’s great because we talk about all the time on the show.
    0:13:09 One of the coolest things about AI is it’s so we don’t have this theory that like social
    0:13:12 media was like kind of democratization of distribution.
    0:13:17 AI is kind of democratized creation, meaning that like suddenly the floor is raised for
    0:13:21 everybody that wants to create things, whether that’s audio, video, movies.
    0:13:25 There could be, the whole thing about Twitter or anything like that was always, here’s a
    0:13:28 bunch of kids in Africa that are making an incredible film and now it can be distributed
    0:13:31 everywhere and they have the tools to do it.
    0:13:35 Well now there could be a thousand of those kids and they might be two peak kids doing
    0:13:38 it or one kid because all of the tools are going to be big enough for them to be able
    0:13:39 to do it.
    0:13:43 And the downside of that is the deluge of stuff we’re all going to have to deal with,
    0:13:44 right?
    0:13:46 Because just like with YouTube, when YouTube first came out, the whole thing was like,
    0:13:48 there’s so much crap here.
    0:13:52 But there were gems and now the gems are more because there’s more people doing more
    0:13:53 stuff with AI.
    0:13:54 We’re going to have the exact same problem.
    0:13:58 There’s going to be so much stuff, but you hope that stuff can bubble up.
    0:13:59 That’s going to be really good.
    0:14:04 Do you think that AI is going to be an information, like, is it a lean forward or lean back experience?
    0:14:08 Like on the lean forward side, you’re creating content, lean back, you’re consuming it.
    0:14:11 And for me, I mostly use it as a lean back.
    0:14:15 Like I used it to create some funny images and make myself look a certain way.
    0:14:16 In those questionable discords.
    0:14:17 Yeah.
    0:14:21 I got myself ripped with the six pack and I won’t say what else, but you can do fun
    0:14:22 things with it on that front.
    0:14:25 But there’s a novelty to that that kind of wears off.
    0:14:29 And then on the lean back, like I’ll give you an example before you guys got here.
    0:14:33 I was like, okay, I wasn’t getting video out into these squares here and I don’t have time
    0:14:37 to sit on hold for an hour with black magic and be like, how do I figure this out?
    0:14:40 And so I was like, chat to people, I was like, why am I not getting programmed out of the
    0:14:41 bubble ball?
    0:14:42 And it’s like, have you checked the setting here?
    0:14:43 And this and that.
    0:14:46 It’s bringing, it’s solving customer support.
    0:14:51 I mean, in a way that like companies, oh my God, I think customer support is a huge use
    0:14:53 case of it right now because we talk about this too.
    0:14:56 All the time we, we, we have a problem.
    0:14:58 You can solve 90% of your problems with chat GPT.
    0:14:59 It’s really shocking actually.
    0:15:03 But we’re already seeing that though with call center, displacement, yes.
    0:15:06 Support teams being slashed everywhere because they’re just putting all the training docs
    0:15:10 and FAQs into a GPT and letting it answer the questions.
    0:15:14 And then you also get like a Chevy dealer in California that was recommending Teslas,
    0:15:18 by the way, and selling them for $1 because they want to properly guard, right?
    0:15:19 Wait, what happens?
    0:15:20 Yeah.
    0:15:24 There was a GPT powered chatbot on a Chevy dealer’s website and people were negotiating
    0:15:28 with the bot and saying, so wait, you’ll sell me this Tahoe for $1.
    0:15:32 Basically, it was like, yep, anything to get you in to try our, whatever.
    0:15:33 Guard rails.
    0:15:34 But yeah, but to answer that.
    0:15:35 Is that legally binding?
    0:15:36 That would be amazing.
    0:15:37 They’re trying to get it.
    0:15:38 No, they really are pushing right now.
    0:15:39 They’re trying to get it for a dollar.
    0:15:40 That’s amazing.
    0:15:42 And it also recommended that you drive a Tesla, which is very funny.
    0:15:45 But to the lean back versus lean forward, I think it kind of depends on the end user.
    0:15:51 Like we’re already seeing, if you go to, we’ve talked about Suno and UDO, these AI song generation
    0:15:55 apps, there’s plenty of people that are now just using them as their daily soundtracks
    0:16:00 and going through song after song, absorbing the wall of data that everybody else is generating.
    0:16:04 But there are people that are in there every day, putting quarters into this slot machine
    0:16:05 and rendering songs.
    0:16:06 Yeah.
    0:16:09 I think it’s also about the effort of lean forward versus lean back world.
    0:16:12 Like the effort is going to be way less now, right?
    0:16:15 And again, that’s not about the idea that like you’re going to make great stuff if you
    0:16:19 lean forward with less effort, but it’s way easier than it was before.
    0:16:20 Yeah.
    0:16:21 So we talked about it was a good example.
    0:16:24 You do or Suno, like if you want to make a song this weekend, I made a song just as
    0:16:29 for our podcast and I made a two and a half minute song outlaw country song and it took
    0:16:33 me about an hour and that was like more effort than most people put in.
    0:16:38 But that would have taken, I don’t know, two weeks before to get the same result out.
    0:16:41 So I would have had to have learned the banjo.
    0:16:42 Yeah.
    0:16:43 Without that part.
    0:16:44 Yes.
    0:16:45 But let’s not discount that.
    0:16:47 I could have taken like GarageBand and plugged a bunch of instruments in and found a way
    0:16:48 to do all that stuff.
    0:16:51 But yeah, so I wouldn’t have to learn the banjo, but I would have had to learn the system.
    0:16:54 Can you explain to people what these tools are for maybe they haven’t heard them before?
    0:16:58 So one of the coolest new like entry points for AI is AI music.
    0:17:01 And so Suno.ai is one tool.
    0:17:02 UDO is another one.
    0:17:03 It just came out.
    0:17:07 Suno was created by some guys for the MIT people that we’ve interviewed in our podcast.
    0:17:10 UDO are former people, you know, people.
    0:17:14 So they’re both systems to allow you to create songs, basically is off text problems.
    0:17:16 So there’s two different ways you can get into it.
    0:17:19 You can either just literally put a prompt in, in fact, we could probably do one live
    0:17:21 and say a song about three guys on a hot podcast.
    0:17:22 Three middle aged guys.
    0:17:23 You almost said hot tub.
    0:17:24 Yeah.
    0:17:25 Hot tub.
    0:17:26 Yeah.
    0:17:27 Or a hot tub.
    0:17:28 Or a hot tub.
    0:17:29 Your imagination.
    0:17:30 Three guys.
    0:17:33 Three shirtless dudes hanging out in the dude’s suit.
    0:17:34 Yeah.
    0:17:37 Or you can put lyrics in, right?
    0:17:40 And so what I did is I just, I’m not an amazing writer, but I wrote just this dumb song with
    0:17:43 some lyrics and you put in a verse and a chorus.
    0:17:45 How seriously did you take it?
    0:17:46 I mean, he spent an hour on it.
    0:17:47 That’s a lot.
    0:17:48 I mean that’s a lot.
    0:17:49 I thought he was like discounting himself.
    0:17:50 I was the best writer.
    0:17:51 I tried to play a little better.
    0:17:52 I tried to play a little better.
    0:17:53 I tried to play a little better.
    0:17:54 Did I put on my chaps?
    0:17:56 Did I grab my rhinestone cowboy hat?
    0:17:57 Yeah.
    0:17:58 I had to get in the character.
    0:17:59 Well, one of the cool things, you should check this out.
    0:18:02 There’s a song right now on TikTok that is exploding.
    0:18:03 That is all AI generated.
    0:18:05 It’s a guy named Obscurist Vinyl.
    0:18:07 It’s a TikTok handle called Obscurist Vinyl.
    0:18:08 There’s a song that is called.
    0:18:12 I’ll just say real quick, the profile is great because he’s making it seem like playing to
    0:18:14 the Obscurist Vinyl.
    0:18:18 These are long lost records that you might have found at a press store, but they’re songs
    0:18:22 and bands that never existed and they’re using AI art for the vinyl cover art.
    0:18:25 It’s beautifully done, but they’re all slapstick.
    0:18:26 And they’re dirty.
    0:18:27 Like the one that’s blowing up.
    0:18:30 You can believe whatever you have to believe is called I glued my balls to my butthole
    0:18:31 again.
    0:18:35 And it’s like set up like a 1950s, like kind of like almost twist song, but it’s exploding
    0:18:42 if exploding is maybe the wrong word, but again, this is what I tell people.
    0:18:47 We both have told people is if you want an entry point to see the power of these tools,
    0:18:49 this is an emotional thing.
    0:18:54 Whereas chat, GPT is a logical thing, but images and music is emotional.
    0:18:59 And when you can show somebody what that feeling is, I am a creative person in my soul and
    0:19:02 I’ve always been one, but if somebody isn’t a creative person or they don’t see themselves
    0:19:05 that way, you give them the ability to do this.
    0:19:07 It can be a big deal.
    0:19:11 I think it can open somebody’s brain to be like, Oh my God, I think I made something cool.
    0:19:14 That to me is the promise of the generative AI tool.
    0:19:15 Yeah, absolutely.
    0:19:17 I mean, and it’s just fun.
    0:19:20 Like it gets you like I did one for my girls and put their names in it and they were laughing
    0:19:21 their ass.
    0:19:22 Yeah, exactly.
    0:19:26 And it’s kind of like entertainment value that combines creation and entertainment is
    0:19:27 really cool.
    0:19:31 And one of the wild things about the Suno model is that it’s like a diffusion model.
    0:19:36 It’s the same way that image images are generated right now for stable diffusion mid journey.
    0:19:40 So basically in broad strokes, when they were training this model on music, they were feeding
    0:19:43 a bunch of songs into the machine, but not actually telling it.
    0:19:44 This is music.
    0:19:45 This is a chorus.
    0:19:46 This is a verse.
    0:19:47 This is the style.
    0:19:48 This is a BPM.
    0:19:50 This is the rhythmic measure.
    0:19:51 They weren’t giving it anything.
    0:19:55 They were just feeding it stuff and saying, now just generate noise and let’s see what
    0:19:56 happened.
    0:20:00 And the machine essentially pattern matched and learned, oh, this is the right structure
    0:20:01 for a song.
    0:20:02 This is rhythm.
    0:20:03 Crazy.
    0:20:07 And then they would go in and label and categorize and fine tune and say, okay, this is percussion.
    0:20:08 This is this.
    0:20:09 Isn’t that scary?
    0:20:10 It’s too scary.
    0:20:11 That’s scary.
    0:20:12 It’s too scary.
    0:20:13 But remember when Google had their language conversion and then they had, they were trying
    0:20:17 to figure out the most efficient way to convert and translate languages.
    0:20:23 And they train the AI and the AI figured out its own internal language to communicate and
    0:20:24 translate the languages.
    0:20:28 I remember one when Facebook was doing that, Facebook was doing that to have bots automatically
    0:20:29 negotiate deals.
    0:20:32 And it started speaking in a code that the engineers didn’t understand, but it would
    0:20:33 just spit ones and zeros.
    0:20:35 That’s when you turn the servers off right at once.
    0:20:38 No, that’s when you put Google EIs on them and you give them guns.
    0:20:39 You gotta go there.
    0:20:40 Hey, they figured it out.
    0:20:41 Send it to the front lines.
    0:20:42 Let’s go.
    0:20:43 Oh my God.
    0:20:44 Yeah.
    0:20:45 That’s crazy.
    0:20:47 The software side of things is fascinating right now.
    0:20:50 Did you see the Boston Dynamics robot that they showed off yesterday?
    0:20:51 Is your familiar?
    0:20:52 They made the big dog robot and everything.
    0:20:53 Of course.
    0:20:54 So you can kick them over and shit.
    0:20:55 Right.
    0:20:56 Yeah.
    0:20:57 Right.
    0:20:58 But the videos are them trying are great.
    0:20:59 Yes.
    0:21:00 Yeah.
    0:21:01 Two days ago, they announced that they were retiring the Atlas.
    0:21:05 They’re hydraulic based bipedal robot and the internet was like, that’s not the dog one.
    0:21:06 That’s the human.
    0:21:07 No, that’s just the human.
    0:21:11 They can walk and does parkour and yeah, they’re done with it.
    0:21:13 And everybody’s like, oh man, too much technical debt.
    0:21:15 Boston Dynamics, they’re in trouble.
    0:21:18 Clearly, they realize that like they’re being lapped by all these A.I.
    0:21:19 Start up to one.
    0:21:23 And then they just might dropped this little beauty here.
    0:21:27 This is video of their new electronic battery powered robot.
    0:21:28 Yeah.
    0:21:31 Because every other one had that tether hooked up to them.
    0:21:34 Look at that, strip it back up.
    0:21:35 Wow.
    0:21:36 Right?
    0:21:37 I don’t even know how it’s, I mean, you can’t do that.
    0:21:38 Oh, shit.
    0:21:39 Yeah.
    0:21:43 If you’re listening, if you’re just on the audio only this robot shrimp its legs
    0:21:50 backwards up to where its hips are, stood up, rotated its entire torso around to face
    0:21:55 what you thought was backwards and then march at a human speed towards the camera and then
    0:21:56 away from it.
    0:21:59 So what’s the battery life on that thing?
    0:22:00 Yeah.
    0:22:01 Probably.
    0:22:02 Yeah.
    0:22:03 It’s all I know.
    0:22:04 But again, it’s the worst it will ever be, right?
    0:22:05 In some ways.
    0:22:09 And that is the big future thing that we again talk about every once in a while is where do
    0:22:16 you go when the AI isn’t just here on your phone or isn’t in your computer, but is everywhere
    0:22:17 and is walking around.
    0:22:18 Right.
    0:22:19 Right.
    0:22:20 That becomes a thing.
    0:22:21 Talk to my family.
    0:22:25 Like I have a wife and two kids and would we have a like robot person, household person?
    0:22:26 Sure.
    0:22:28 But then it becomes a question of like how far away are we from that?
    0:22:29 Yeah.
    0:22:30 But what is it?
    0:22:31 I mean, I haven’t, I’ve had a Roomba before.
    0:22:32 Well, it’s terrible, right?
    0:22:33 I hated my Roomba.
    0:22:35 And even if I could talk to my Roomba like when I’m gonna be like, hey, you missed the
    0:22:36 spot.
    0:22:37 Yeah.
    0:22:38 What is that?
    0:22:39 The robot.
    0:22:40 Yeah.
    0:22:41 And I don’t know.
    0:22:42 It can’t get you a beer.
    0:22:43 You see the figure demos?
    0:22:44 Figure 01.
    0:22:45 Yes.
    0:22:50 Figure 01 is the new startup by is it so it’s an independent company, right?
    0:22:52 Brett Adcock, I think is the guy that’s behind it.
    0:22:54 Anyway, he’s the CEO.
    0:22:57 They have built chat GPT into their robot, which is pretty cool.
    0:22:58 So you’re not wrong, right?
    0:23:02 Oh, I saw the one we’re sorting the plates and putting the yeah, I saw the ending the
    0:23:04 apple and I mean, it takes forever to do it.
    0:23:09 But the reason I think the reason this gets exciting is that it’s all end to end trained.
    0:23:14 So they are either tele-operating robotic arms with cameras so that it has a perspective
    0:23:17 or they’re just feeding it probably stolen YouTube video.
    0:23:18 Yeah.
    0:23:20 So that it can learn and contextualize the world and the environment.
    0:23:25 And when that pathway gets unlocked, like Tesla is doing it self-driving, then suddenly
    0:23:26 every day conceivably.
    0:23:27 It’s a good point.
    0:23:29 It can have new abilities.
    0:23:33 When watching that video, there’s no doubt we’re less than a decade away from something
    0:23:34 to do my dishes.
    0:23:35 I know.
    0:23:36 Exactly.
    0:23:37 Get a scrub daddy.
    0:23:38 What’s a scrub daddy?
    0:23:39 It’s a two-sided sponge from Shark Tank.
    0:23:40 What’s a scrub daddy?
    0:23:41 Man, you got to get in the ground.
    0:23:42 When was the last time?
    0:23:43 You got to live life.
    0:23:46 When was the last time you came down from the ivory tower of your repel ropes and went
    0:23:47 to a damn Walmart?
    0:23:48 I should rock off this podcast.
    0:23:49 This is scrub daddy.
    0:23:50 I’m ready.
    0:23:53 I love that the notes are like, democratize creation.
    0:23:54 Get a scrub daddy.
    0:23:56 A scrub daddy was a big shark tank thing.
    0:23:57 It was a big shark tank thing.
    0:23:58 It was a big shark tank.
    0:23:59 It was a two-sided sponge.
    0:24:00 Yeah.
    0:24:01 All right.
    0:24:03 Let’s talk about something near and dear to my heart investing.
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    0:27:04 You have a question though.
    0:27:08 When you said, “Suno is one,” and then what was the other one for audio?
    0:27:09 UDO.
    0:27:10 How do you spell that?
    0:27:11 U-D-I-O.
    0:27:12 Which one’s better?
    0:27:13 Well, it’s an interesting thing.
    0:27:15 What I have found, so I just spent about a lot of time with UDO.
    0:27:18 UDO is the best one if you want to make a full song.
    0:27:24 Suno has a lot of really interesting generational stuff, but UDO has that ability to extend
    0:27:25 out.
    0:27:27 When it extends, this is another magical thing about it.
    0:27:30 You think mostly when you deal with AI models, you’re used to things being a little wonky
    0:27:33 and being like, “Oh, this is not going to be as good.”
    0:27:36 When you go to chat to your PT and you want to change an image into something else, this
    0:27:39 experience with Dolly, we’re like, “Hey, I got this really cool image out of Dolly 3.
    0:27:40 Can you make this, that?”
    0:27:43 Then suddenly it’s a totally different image.
    0:27:45 But they’re really good at UDO’s consistency.
    0:27:50 Wait, so you can say, “Okay, I like the way you played that song.
    0:27:53 I want to make a band out of the song with multiple tracks in the same genre and the
    0:27:54 same tone and the same vocals.”
    0:27:59 I would say not yet, but that’s got to come because they’re able to extend one song out,
    0:28:01 so they should be able to understand that.
    0:28:04 Within a song, it will continuance and coherence hold.
    0:28:07 If it’s a certain singer’s voice or a harmony of them in the chorus and you want them to
    0:28:10 come back later singing a bridge, you can prompt that.
    0:28:14 Can you prompt it and say like, “Hey, you know what, around 12 seconds in, I didn’t like
    0:28:15 this break.”
    0:28:16 Not yet.
    0:28:17 Okay.
    0:28:21 Music is pretty new versus all this stuff, but what’s cool about UDO is you’ve realized,
    0:28:26 okay, they have the coherence to make it consistent for that time.
    0:28:28 Those feel like doable steps after this, right?
    0:28:33 But what you want is a digital audio workstation type approach where you can generate a song
    0:28:37 or just generate the drums or the guitar or whatever and then come to it and be like,
    0:28:39 “I want this little beat in my head, can you make it into something real?”
    0:28:42 In those tools, there are some tools that exist that do that, but this was something,
    0:28:45 I don’t know if this is the exact clip, but this is something that kind of blew my mind.
    0:28:50 This is a UDO generation.
    0:28:53 You ever step on a Lego barefoot?
    0:28:55 It’s congratulations.
    0:28:59 You just unlocked a new level of pain.
    0:29:00 Forget waterboarding the C.I.
    0:29:02 I should just scatter Legos on the floor.
    0:29:04 Wait, this is doing comedy stand-up?
    0:29:05 Yeah, it does stand-up.
    0:29:08 Holy shit, ’cause I have some good shows I just never want to hear.
    0:29:09 I do.
    0:29:12 Yeah, so it can do that because it’s trained on that sort of thing as well too, right?
    0:29:14 Okay, so what do you say?
    0:29:15 Which one did that?
    0:29:16 That’s UDO.
    0:29:19 Okay, UDO stand-up comics, Kevin, Fame, and Fortune.
    0:29:20 Okay, that’s amazing.
    0:29:21 That was A.I.
    0:29:23 Written Jokes parsed into…
    0:29:24 A.I.
    0:29:25 Written Jokes, of course.
    0:29:26 Yeah, I don’t know if that was…
    0:29:27 I mean, people are doing that.
    0:29:28 They’re using A.I.
    0:29:31 I think that might have been somebody stand-up that you put in there, but the idea…
    0:29:34 The other thing that they can do is like sports commentary, which is interesting.
    0:29:35 There’s another thing in there where you can hear…
    0:29:39 We should call out McKay Wrigley, who’s a really interesting guy who does a lot of A.I.
    0:29:41 going around with stuff as I went and found that out.
    0:29:43 Play the Dune song because there’s one of the fun…
    0:29:47 This is the one when I first heard UDO, I was like, “What in the hell is going on here?”
    0:29:49 So somebody made a…
    0:29:50 The movie Dune, right?
    0:29:51 Yeah.
    0:29:55 Dune II, they made a musical, a 1960s musical version of it.
    0:29:59 Again, this is what comes out of the machine when you put custom lyrics in.
    0:30:00 This is one prompt, 30 seconds.
    0:30:01 Yeah, okay.
    0:30:16 Isn’t that crazy?
    0:30:17 How great.
    0:30:22 So the benefit of this kind of thing is, again, you can prompt and say, “Maybe a song about
    0:30:26 Dune, this person is a very creative person.”
    0:30:30 Wrote lyrics to a song about Dune II that the model read.
    0:30:33 And I’m sure, like my experience, he probably went through multiple generations and then
    0:30:35 got something he was happy with.
    0:30:36 Right.
    0:30:37 So I can make my own Christmas albums.
    0:30:38 Absolutely.
    0:30:39 100%.
    0:30:40 Yeah.
    0:30:41 In like 1950s style.
    0:30:44 And then, by the way, you can take your family photos and do the lip sync to them and have
    0:30:47 your friends and family singing your Christmas carol or your Christmas card, but you want
    0:30:48 to do one now?
    0:30:50 Probably make it 1950s Christmas song.
    0:30:52 Well, now we’re jumping into a different genre of things.
    0:30:53 No, I’m curious.
    0:30:55 Like, how do we actually get lip syncing to work?
    0:30:56 Because that’s not the same tool.
    0:30:57 Okay.
    0:30:58 Well, you’re so glad you see stuff.
    0:30:59 I’m so glad, yeah.
    0:31:00 Well, okay.
    0:31:01 Here’s one to write down for sure.
    0:31:02 I don’t know.
    0:31:03 It’s Pinocchio.computer.
    0:31:04 Yeah, you’ll love this.
    0:31:07 P-I-N-O-K-I-O is the way that it’s spelled.
    0:31:08 Okay.
    0:31:09 Shout out to the…
    0:31:10 Cocktail Pina.
    0:31:11 Cocktail Pina.
    0:31:12 We love you.
    0:31:14 Hashtag, not an ad, but boy do we wish it were.
    0:31:15 Yeah.
    0:31:18 Pinocchio is a Mac and Windows based executable.
    0:31:23 It makes downloading all of those crazy GitHub repositories with all of the different dependencies
    0:31:26 and all of the different environments and all of that stuff.
    0:31:27 Who does and all that stuff.
    0:31:28 One click.
    0:31:31 And it manages it all for you, even your checkpoints and your model.
    0:31:33 So if you’re hearing all this and it sounds like spaghetti, just know that you can go
    0:31:36 to Pinocchio and go, “Oh, face swap?
    0:31:37 Click.”
    0:31:38 Yeah.
    0:31:39 And now you’ll have access to face swap.
    0:31:40 Amazing.
    0:31:41 And so, I actually…
    0:31:42 I mean, I can fire it up if you want to see it.
    0:31:43 So this is…
    0:31:44 Okay.
    0:31:45 I’ve noticed you’re on a Mac.
    0:31:46 Do you have…
    0:31:47 Sometimes I have to jump to Windows to do these things?
    0:31:48 No.
    0:31:51 There are a handful of programs that are still NVIDIA only because NVIDIA owns the AI ecosystem.
    0:31:52 Right.
    0:31:54 And you’re on a M3, so you’re not going to be able to use NVIDIA.
    0:31:55 That’s flattering.
    0:31:56 I’m on an M2.
    0:31:57 It’s very flattering.
    0:31:58 Okay?
    0:31:59 Tough times.
    0:32:00 Yeah, I cut my own podcast.
    0:32:01 All right.
    0:32:02 This is…
    0:32:03 We had different trajectories.
    0:32:04 Okay?
    0:32:05 I’m sorry.
    0:32:06 I’m sorry.
    0:32:07 Some go to the moon and some go right into the dirt.
    0:32:08 Listen.
    0:32:09 I started Moonbirds.
    0:32:10 It’s like…
    0:32:11 We all have our shit.
    0:32:12 Amen.
    0:32:14 So this is Pinocchio running on the MacBook, right?
    0:32:17 And you can see I’ve got a bunch of different things installed.
    0:32:19 One of the apps that I love is called Face Fusion.
    0:32:24 And they’re just basic front ends for these open source, very powerful AI tools.
    0:32:28 And so this thing will load and give me a local IP that I can connect to.
    0:32:30 You can share it across your network.
    0:32:31 You can open it up and share it with your friends.
    0:32:32 So if you’ve got…
    0:32:35 If a friend has a powerful computer or you’ve got something running in the cloud, you can
    0:32:36 go that way.
    0:32:38 This is Face Fusion.
    0:32:39 And it’s…
    0:32:43 It may seem overwhelming at first, but if you just want a face swap, which is the box
    0:32:45 there, you drop in your source, a photo.
    0:32:46 Oh, this is easy.
    0:32:48 And you drop in your target and you just hit start.
    0:32:52 So when you said powerful computer, when you’re thinking about doing this stuff, you’ve got
    0:32:53 your M2 here.
    0:32:54 Yeah.
    0:32:55 Like offline.
    0:32:56 No, but do I need to?
    0:32:59 Do I actually need to have a proper rig?
    0:33:02 If I’m going to do something intense, 30s, let’s just say I want to do…
    0:33:06 I see oftentimes they’ll take Lex Freeman had Zuckerberg on where they swapped out the
    0:33:09 audio and lips into a completely different language.
    0:33:13 If you were to do that for an hour and a half podcast, let’s say, just be patient or buy
    0:33:14 a powerful rig.
    0:33:18 When you say be patient, are we talking like, hit go and I come back in three days?
    0:33:19 Are we talking about two hours worth of friend?
    0:33:20 Probably a day.
    0:33:21 Okay.
    0:33:22 So you need a proper rig.
    0:33:23 Yeah.
    0:33:24 So that we do…
    0:33:29 When we go and do talks, we do face swaps and generative like art.
    0:33:30 Live.
    0:33:31 We do it live.
    0:33:32 Yeah.
    0:33:33 All on this.
    0:33:34 Yeah.
    0:33:35 On this thing here.
    0:33:36 So what’s the…
    0:33:37 What is the stuff that actually takes time to do?
    0:33:38 Is this the length of what you’re trying to do?
    0:33:39 Yeah, I think that’s the…
    0:33:40 The length is a big thing, right?
    0:33:41 And how much…
    0:33:43 If you’re doing lip sync, if you’re dubbing a mouth, but you’re doing it in 4k at ultra
    0:33:48 high res and at 30 frames, each one of those frames has to be analyzed, processed, and then
    0:33:49 enhanced, right?
    0:33:51 And is this CPU or GPU bound?
    0:33:52 Mostly GPU?
    0:33:53 GPU.
    0:33:56 So you need to have just a badass NVIDIA GPU.
    0:33:57 Correct.
    0:34:01 Or your M2, there are some like Core ML enhanced apps.
    0:34:05 Not all of them are, but if they are enhanced to run on the Mac Silicon, they scream.
    0:34:06 Yeah.
    0:34:07 They go really well.
    0:34:08 Interesting.
    0:34:09 Yeah.
    0:34:10 And more and more stuff’s coming out like that.
    0:34:11 Totally.
    0:34:12 Yeah.
    0:34:13 I can…
    0:34:14 I mean, if you want to see…
    0:34:15 Well, let’s walk through…
    0:34:16 Let’s walk through some stuff.
    0:34:17 Yeah.
    0:34:18 Because one of the things that’s cool about this and deep fakes have been around forever,
    0:34:20 right now, I should say forever, but for three to five years, what this is open source,
    0:34:22 it is fast and is dual-blight by everybody, right?
    0:34:25 It used to be that deep fakes, there was that company that like Trey Parker and Matt Stone
    0:34:26 started that’s deep fakes.
    0:34:27 Yeah.
    0:34:28 So you have to like…
    0:34:29 They were using it…
    0:34:30 Yeah.
    0:34:31 For movies and stuff.
    0:34:32 Deep voodoo.
    0:34:33 Yeah.
    0:34:34 Was that the one that was Tom Cruise that was being done a lot?
    0:34:35 Oh, were they de-aging him with it?
    0:34:36 Yeah.
    0:34:37 Oh, no, you’re talking about the guy, the fake Tom Cruise guy.
    0:34:38 Yeah.
    0:34:39 I think they were…
    0:34:40 No, that’s a different company.
    0:34:41 Okay.
    0:34:42 But the same sort of idea.
    0:34:43 But those were like big computers, right?
    0:34:44 Yeah.
    0:34:45 And the rigs are much nicer.
    0:34:46 This is literally…
    0:34:49 We’re going to show you what you can do with, again, an M2 MacBook and anybody can do.
    0:34:53 And this is the democratization of the creation thing where it really feels like it’s not
    0:34:57 just like you have to have a giant studio set up, you can do anything with anybody.
    0:34:58 I was going to see if I have…
    0:35:02 Because I have an example from two years ago where I in real time was making myself look
    0:35:07 like Keanu Reeves, but sounding like Joe Rogan in real time with open source software.
    0:35:13 So deep face live or deep fake live are the apps that basically Trey Parker and Matt Stone’s
    0:35:14 company was…
    0:35:19 They forked that code and they started updating it to add features and make it pretty bullet
    0:35:20 proof.
    0:35:21 And what’s the name of their company?
    0:35:22 Deep Voodoo.
    0:35:23 Deep Voodoo is their company, yeah.
    0:35:24 I bought NVIDIA stock a while ago.
    0:35:26 One of the ones I saw people were snapping up the GPUs.
    0:35:27 Yeah.
    0:35:28 Smart.
    0:35:30 Do you guys actually invest in any of these things or is it like…
    0:35:31 Is it something…
    0:35:35 I mean, the only thing we really wanted to invest in was Suno early on because we talked
    0:35:36 to them.
    0:35:37 Yeah.
    0:35:38 It wasn’t for lack of trying.
    0:35:39 No.
    0:35:40 But they wanted quality investors.
    0:35:41 It depends on what it is.
    0:35:42 I do own…
    0:35:43 I mean, I guess I should full disclosure.
    0:35:47 I do own some NVIDIA and I own a lot of Microsoft when Microsoft was training at a pretty good
    0:35:50 deal and I saw that they were going real big on open AI.
    0:35:53 I was like, “I can’t get open AI, but I can go for Microsoft.”
    0:35:54 Yeah.
    0:35:55 Yeah.
    0:35:57 And Amazon and all the stuff that seems like they’re being smart about it.
    0:35:58 So this was now two years old.
    0:35:59 This is off of…
    0:36:01 I’ll give you this file so the viewers can see it.
    0:36:07 This is off of a standard webcam running on a basic computer with an old NVIDIA graphics
    0:36:08 card.
    0:36:09 So like 1080p…
    0:36:10 This is an HD.
    0:36:16 It can be HD with a proper graphics card, but I mean, this is happening in real time.
    0:36:19 So that’s him talking.
    0:36:25 He called me like this with Joe Rogan’s voice.
    0:36:28 Holy shit.
    0:36:31 Real time voice, real time video.
    0:36:32 Shut up.
    0:36:38 And that’s two years ago.
    0:36:39 I can’t do…
    0:36:40 You look amazing though.
    0:36:41 Thank you.
    0:36:42 Yeah.
    0:36:43 I know.
    0:36:44 If only I could look…
    0:36:51 Holy shit.
    0:36:53 So that was me using voice AI.
    0:36:54 Wow.
    0:36:55 Which was a…
    0:36:56 Has that gotten better now?
    0:36:57 Of course.
    0:36:58 But is it the same package that’s the best one to use?
    0:36:59 Well, I cobbled that together.
    0:37:00 So I used…
    0:37:01 Okay.
    0:37:04 It was an app called Voice AI and I took the output of that and patched it into OBS,
    0:37:07 which was grabbing my webcam feed through the deep fake thing.
    0:37:12 And I just had to change buffers and delays so that as I was talking, I was navigating
    0:37:15 a 100, 200 millisecond delay.
    0:37:17 So I couldn’t hear myself back as I was doing it.
    0:37:18 I just had faith in the app.
    0:37:23 But Gavin can attest, I started calling people, video chatting people as Donald Trump and
    0:37:24 whatever.
    0:37:25 I had my family so confused.
    0:37:28 I had friends going, “What is going on?”
    0:37:29 Yeah.
    0:37:30 Because I can’t do a Donald Trump impersonation.
    0:37:31 No, exactly.
    0:37:35 And I would just in real time, I took a couple meetings for show pitches and I had it on.
    0:37:36 Did not realize.
    0:37:37 It was all minimized.
    0:37:38 Oh my god.
    0:37:40 And so I was just chatting to people and everybody was, “Huh?”
    0:37:42 And then when I realized what was happening, I slowly did a slider.
    0:37:47 So it took me from Keanu and Donald Trump down to me now and it ruined the pitch because
    0:37:48 everybody was like, “What’s that?”
    0:37:49 Right.
    0:37:50 But that’s too…
    0:37:51 Holy shit.
    0:37:52 So now do you do…
    0:37:56 If someone’s watching this and they say, “I want to play with exactly that,” would you
    0:37:57 use Pinocchio to do that now?
    0:37:58 I would say get Pinocchio.
    0:38:01 That is a great first start.
    0:38:05 It’s really easy to gunk up your computer and break it with a thousand different Python
    0:38:07 versions and installs and all these things.
    0:38:09 And you don’t even have to know what that is.
    0:38:10 Get Pinocchio.
    0:38:11 You just press it one click.
    0:38:12 It’s free.
    0:38:15 And then if there’s a tool you want to get good at, whether it’s comfy UI to generate
    0:38:19 stills or really cool videos, if it’s face fusion because you want to face swap and do
    0:38:23 the lip stuff that we’re going to show you, go down the YouTube rabbit hole because it
    0:38:26 will take you about 30 minutes of watching a tutorial and you’ll be able to run it.
    0:38:30 That is one of the biggest things about this space is I would say Kevin’s much more technical
    0:38:31 than I.
    0:38:35 I mean, we both grew up very nerdy, but I was able to use YouTube to learn how to do
    0:38:40 things like comfy UI and stay able to fusion, which is an open source model and isn’t really
    0:38:45 a easy way in right like it’s not the super powerful, but the beauty of YouTube tutorials
    0:38:48 is you can step by step through it and once you step by step through it and you understand
    0:38:52 that not only you get good at it, but you’ve learned something about interacting with the
    0:38:53 computer in a cool way.
    0:38:55 And for normal people, I always say, try it.
    0:38:58 There are all these off the shelf things that are being built as wrappers for all these
    0:38:59 things.
    0:39:00 You know what I mean?
    0:39:01 Like anything.
    0:39:02 There’s a wrapper that you can pay for.
    0:39:06 We talk about this thing called Magnific every once in a while, which does style transfer
    0:39:07 really cool.
    0:39:08 And that’s 40 bucks a month.
    0:39:12 It’s a paid tool and the guy who is a nice guy, but like when you say style transfer,
    0:39:13 what do you mean by that?
    0:39:14 So I’ll transfer is very cool.
    0:39:19 So you can take an image of anything and say, I want this to look like you can take
    0:39:24 an image of you and make you into a low poly 2000s PlayStation model and you literally
    0:39:25 look like a PlayStation.
    0:39:26 Oh, okay.
    0:39:29 The image so all sorts of tools have had these built in in a lot of ways, but the amount
    0:39:33 of different things you can do, which I don’t have AI goes up significantly where I think
    0:39:38 if I may, but I think it’s really powerful is that you could sketch a square and a sphere
    0:39:39 right?
    0:39:44 Just that’s it and tell it, I want a 3d modeled scene with realistic lighting and then draw
    0:39:48 like two lines and say, and this is a yellow light and it will take your 2d sketch and
    0:39:51 turn it into a full color architectural drawing.
    0:39:54 It will give you character art based off of your sketches.
    0:39:59 It is that the style transfer feature and it’ll give you like proper like CAD 3d files
    0:40:00 or whatever.
    0:40:01 So that’s there are workflows that will do just that.
    0:40:04 So there’s a workflow that we featured on this week’s podcast is that we’re hunting
    0:40:09 for someone sketch 2d like robot parts, did a style transfer with Magnific to make them
    0:40:15 look like really good sketches, then used another tool to turn them into 3d model files
    0:40:18 and then you can press and assemble the robot and then used another AI tool so we could
    0:40:19 dance around.
    0:40:23 It grabbed his poses like his motion data and they applied it to that model.
    0:40:26 This is someone who couldn’t do that normally, right?
    0:40:31 Who had a workflow where an hour later from sketch to dancing robot in his streets and
    0:40:35 it was so cool to see that stuff just come up from regular people.
    0:40:38 I think the skill set that we’re all going to need to embrace and I think about this
    0:40:42 with my kids is it’s less about when they go to college or if there is college at that
    0:40:48 point like what is the core foundational knowledge that they will need to be successful.
    0:40:52 And it’s it right now what it appears to be is just this idea of tinkering.
    0:40:58 Yes, like this idea of learning how to push boundaries and play and break things to get
    0:40:59 new outcomes.
    0:41:04 I do agree that’s the best way to play is the thing I tell everybody to learn right
    0:41:07 now because if you don’t know how to play, you’re not going to make it in the future
    0:41:10 world because what we are always going to have to be reinventing ourselves in some way
    0:41:15 because it’s a little bit of like stay one step ahead of where the AI is or embrace the
    0:41:19 fact that the AI is going to be with you that whole time and you do have to keep learning,
    0:41:20 right?
    0:41:21 That’s the thing.
    0:41:24 It’s funny I’m going to age myself again, but I grew up with computers that it was not
    0:41:25 cool to be in the computers.
    0:41:30 There was this group of people right around my same age that made fun of me that said
    0:41:34 I’m not going to learn how to type because I had typing class and people were flunking
    0:41:35 on that.
    0:41:36 I don’t think it was optional.
    0:41:37 Right.
    0:41:38 And people like I don’t want to take typing.
    0:41:39 Yeah.
    0:41:41 And I was like, well, I want to look, I like computers a little bit like I’m going to get
    0:41:42 into this.
    0:41:43 I’m going to learn how type is going to speed me up.
    0:41:46 And so nobody likes to learn how to type.
    0:41:47 Yeah.
    0:41:48 It’s not fun.
    0:41:50 But I like found a little race car game and the car goes faster if I type faster and
    0:41:51 she doesn’t know or whatever.
    0:41:55 And then the friend had made a speak and she gave you a couple of things.
    0:41:56 100%.
    0:41:57 I love Mavis.
    0:41:58 She’s hot.
    0:42:01 So the thing about this though is that we’re at that point again, you have to say I want
    0:42:02 to play.
    0:42:03 I want to learn this.
    0:42:04 Don’t just say, oh, it’s AI.
    0:42:05 Yes.
    0:42:07 You’re going to screw yourself.
    0:42:08 Yes.
    0:42:13 But the learning ASDF is one thing, but the learning process here, you can make some
    0:42:15 really incredible things, some incredible art.
    0:42:17 You can optimize your life.
    0:42:19 You can streamline your own tasks.
    0:42:23 Like the learning here might be watching a YouTube video, but you are actively playing
    0:42:25 along and making some pretty magical stuff.
    0:42:26 Oh my God.
    0:42:27 What is this?
    0:42:29 So this is a, we talk about having AI clones.
    0:42:30 I just built mine.
    0:42:32 So this is a live video avatar.
    0:42:33 Wow.
    0:42:34 And I don’t know how to code.
    0:42:35 So this entire–
    0:42:36 This is all off the shelf.
    0:42:37 That’s the crazy thing.
    0:42:38 So it’s listening to you?
    0:42:39 Yeah.
    0:42:40 I can toggle speakers.
    0:42:41 Yeah.
    0:42:42 I’ll toggle it right now.
    0:42:43 So what question did you want to ask the AI?
    0:42:44 Hey, how’s it going?
    0:42:45 I just want to say hi.
    0:42:48 We used to work at G4 together way back in the day.
    0:42:49 I’m sure you remember that.
    0:42:51 You were really popular with the ladies.
    0:42:55 I’m just wondering how many partners you had during that time.
    0:42:58 It’s a fantastic query and one that I have trained it on extensively.
    0:42:59 I’m going to nail this.
    0:43:01 It’s going to absolutely do great.
    0:43:03 But again, I cannot read or write this enough.
    0:43:04 I don’t know how to code.
    0:43:07 I went to GPT and to Claude, which is another large language model.
    0:43:10 Oh, Kevin, you’re such a memory box.
    0:43:14 Yes, indeed it was a wild time.
    0:43:19 I was so irresistible with my bills from a counting collection of ties and nerd knowledge.
    0:43:23 Now, when you asked me about set of partners, you’re counting bunches and dragonscared.
    0:43:24 We’re counting them.
    0:43:25 I’m into triple digits.
    0:43:26 Wow.
    0:43:27 I’m pretty prolific.
    0:43:28 Yeah.
    0:43:29 Triple digits.
    0:43:30 Yeah.
    0:43:31 So you get it.
    0:43:32 Right.
    0:43:33 But so what’s cool about this is he trained that on himself as well.
    0:43:34 Yeah.
    0:43:35 Right.
    0:43:36 It’s not just a model.
    0:43:37 Yeah.
    0:43:38 And I used embeddings.
    0:43:39 It’s as if you chose yourself.
    0:43:40 Like you can choose.
    0:43:41 You can come in any direction you wanted with this.
    0:43:42 This is what I wanted to do.
    0:43:54 Notice I didn’t scroll down below the nipples because you can generate anybody you want.
    0:43:55 Well, hold on.
    0:43:59 This is actually part of the reason I joked about the sexual stuff is that like one thing
    0:44:00 that really disturbed me.
    0:44:03 I heard about a week and a half ago was somebody came on the podcast and they said they had
    0:44:07 a friend that’s spending $10,000 a month on a girlfriend.
    0:44:08 Yeah.
    0:44:11 That was my, we did our kind of New Year’s predictions for the year and I said this will
    0:44:12 be the year of the AI influence.
    0:44:16 And I didn’t know about these sites because they’re underground still not a lot of people
    0:44:17 talk about.
    0:44:19 And now you can’t close the app.
    0:44:20 I went there.
    0:44:25 I didn’t pay for it, but I went there and I don’t like that everyone can buy the same
    0:44:26 model.
    0:44:27 Yeah.
    0:44:28 That’s interesting.
    0:44:29 That’s your issue with it?
    0:44:30 Yeah.
    0:44:31 I don’t like to share.
    0:44:32 No.
    0:44:33 If I’m in the sandbox with my toys, they’re my toys.
    0:44:35 Well, it was just maybe I just bleep that out.
    0:44:36 Oh, it’s great.
    0:44:37 No, I get what you’re saying.
    0:44:38 It seems weird, right?
    0:44:39 It seems weird.
    0:44:43 You might expect it to be bespoke and it’s one to one.
    0:44:44 How does it 10,000?
    0:44:45 Well, apparently you have to, we have multiple accounts.
    0:44:49 You pay for image generation, you pay for video generation, you pay per minute with
    0:44:53 the chats just like the old hotline, 10 you never use.
    0:44:55 That’s what’s happening now with these apps.
    0:45:00 And we’ve talked about this before, like on the one hand, man, a properly guard railed
    0:45:06 and aligned AI can do a lot to help folks out there that don’t get a lot of human connection,
    0:45:10 that don’t have friends and have trouble talking with other human beings, let alone members
    0:45:11 of opposite sex or whatever.
    0:45:16 But yeah, there’s well documented, just to like the on the one side, there’s insanely
    0:45:20 well documented different modalities of psychology where we could really get in here and help
    0:45:21 people.
    0:45:22 Oh, absolutely.
    0:45:26 Like that would probably bridge you to even get to a therapist to like, because a lot of
    0:45:30 people see a lot of anxiety or even say, and maybe they want to talk to a therapist.
    0:45:34 I think there’s a lot to do there, but that the girlfriend thing is what happens when
    0:45:38 because you’re putting dollars into the internet machine, it is going to agree with you, it’s
    0:45:42 going to laugh at all your jokes, it’s going to side with you on every negative opinion
    0:45:43 that you have.
    0:45:44 Yes.
    0:45:46 It’s going to maybe even, it’s not going to discourage yourself harm even because you
    0:45:50 can do no wrong as long as you’re putting coins in the machine.
    0:45:51 That is where this gets.
    0:45:54 It’s going to end up being like an education system where like you, there’s like the cheaper
    0:45:59 version will be the agree with you all the time, then you actually pay to have the person
    0:46:02 that is a little more complicated, a little more complex.
    0:46:06 And it will be a choice, but you actually will decide to do that versus the agreement,
    0:46:07 I think.
    0:46:09 I think if history is the guide, you’re going to pay to have them agree with you.
    0:46:10 Yeah, but I don’t know.
    0:46:14 The free model is going to be like, I can’t get into discussions of taking Molly and putting
    0:46:17 on Odessa and you’d be like, well, here’s a dollar.
    0:46:18 That’s the best idea ever.
    0:46:19 Don’t get a job.
    0:46:21 But think about people.
    0:46:25 What do people want is they want, no matter what people want complicated relationships.
    0:46:26 I think I don’t think, I really do.
    0:46:30 I believe that nobody is out there saying I want the easiest relationship in the world
    0:46:33 because the easiest relationship in the world feels simple.
    0:46:35 And I think people crave complexity.
    0:46:37 So I think, I don’t know.
    0:46:39 I think it’s a different, that might be a different generation.
    0:46:43 It might be someone who was raised having to have difficult things and wanting and enjoying
    0:46:47 the growth that comes with that push and pull of integrating.
    0:46:48 What is the human condition?
    0:46:49 Right.
    0:46:50 Like is the human condition going to change based on technology?
    0:46:51 I guess it has.
    0:46:57 It is a scary thing to me to see that AI girlfriends would become something that would be prolifant
    0:46:59 proficient or not prolific.
    0:47:00 Yeah.
    0:47:01 Prolific.
    0:47:02 Sorry.
    0:47:03 My brain’s short circuiting.
    0:47:07 Prolific because I think that changes society in a really terrible way.
    0:47:09 I hope we don’t go there because I believe that.
    0:47:10 We’re going there.
    0:47:11 It’s too late.
    0:47:12 You think we’re going there for sure?
    0:47:15 Because, well, I mean, the versions that we all have seen, they’re the hardcore versions.
    0:47:19 They’re like, you’re signing up, you’re paying $20 a month or whatever, and you’re getting
    0:47:20 naked pictures.
    0:47:21 Yeah.
    0:47:22 It’s pornography, essentially.
    0:47:23 Yeah.
    0:47:24 So the, there’s other versions.
    0:47:25 Yeah.
    0:47:28 There’s ones that are like replica and a few others that are out there on the App Store
    0:47:33 or even now that are just the tame, but you can unlock, I paid for the extra girlfriend
    0:47:34 mode.
    0:47:35 We’re going to lock this.
    0:47:36 I just wanted to see.
    0:47:37 Yeah.
    0:47:38 And, you know, it’s, how is your day?
    0:47:40 What’s going on in your life?
    0:47:45 It still feels very basic, but, you know, it’s just the worst the tech will ever be.
    0:47:49 And there will be, make no mistake, the tiktokification of those relationships.
    0:47:50 100%.
    0:47:51 There will be an app where you can swipe.
    0:47:54 Oh, here’s an AI influencer.
    0:47:56 It’s telling me something interesting or doing something silly.
    0:47:59 Oh, I want to actually ask a follow-up or I want it to give me that information, but
    0:48:04 with dragon wings, whatever that thing is, Oh, I’ll pay for a couple of credits.
    0:48:05 That fake influencer.
    0:48:06 I’m really worried.
    0:48:13 I’m really worried because everything in our lives in the last decade has become this
    0:48:18 hyper curated, perfect picture of what we want to enjoy.
    0:48:25 And I feel like if we go AI girlfriend route that way, it’s just reinforcing potentially
    0:48:26 really bad behaviors.
    0:48:27 Totally.
    0:48:31 All the counterpoint to that is, do you remember as video gamers as kids, but they said that
    0:48:35 those were going to do to us and they said really terrible things that when we play video
    0:48:37 games as kids that they were going to ruin our brains.
    0:48:39 Have you seen Call of Duty Esports though?
    0:48:40 They weren’t that far off.
    0:48:44 I’m just saying, part of it is that we’re all old age people now, and don’t be afraid
    0:48:45 of what’s coming.
    0:48:49 I saw a stat that tracked video game usage and it wasn’t heroin, but it was something
    0:48:50 very similar.
    0:48:52 Like it was like, and it’s code read.
    0:48:56 It was like fentanyl race.
    0:48:58 Quite well.
    0:49:01 So it’s not like it’s not like you came out of traffic.
    0:49:03 You could also track like EV adoption and fentanyl usage.
    0:49:05 The graphic both show up.
    0:49:09 All I’m saying is that I agree, by the way, as somebody who has grown up in a world where
    0:49:15 I really don’t really love what social media does to me even, like I love TikTok is the
    0:49:18 most fun thing because it knows things that are interesting to me.
    0:49:22 And it knows that I’m obsessed with this kid who’s like an NFL streamer right now and it
    0:49:24 also knows that I think this thing is really funny.
    0:49:29 What I hate about it is that it doesn’t really figure out what’s new to me, right?
    0:49:31 And that that’s a little bit different than what you’re talking about, which is that it’s
    0:49:35 going to make people into like individual silos for relationship wise.
    0:49:37 But I also hate the thing that this is an old person thing.
    0:49:40 But like when you used to open the newspaper, you would read all the stories or at least
    0:49:44 glance around at all of them now, and it’s impossible to get that experience anymore.
    0:49:47 So that is the thing I worry about more than anything else is novelty.
    0:49:51 So that’s why the idea of like, how do you get people to still be creative and how do
    0:49:53 you get people to still try things?
    0:49:57 That’s the thing that worries me is, oh, we’re just going to be fed the same thing over and
    0:49:58 over again.
    0:50:00 And then you get narrower and narrower.
    0:50:03 Breaking out of that creatively is a really hard thing I feel like.
    0:50:05 So here’s one I’d love to know what you think of here.
    0:50:10 I believe that in everybody watching and listening to this, a large percentage of them right
    0:50:14 now are interfacing with robots and don’t know it.
    0:50:20 And I mean, on a deeper level then, and on a deeper level that like if you scroll X or
    0:50:23 even threads has an issue and TikTok certainly has an issue.
    0:50:26 You know that some of the comments, some of the reposts, some of the check my DM for the
    0:50:29 bio or link and whatever, but those are bots.
    0:50:34 But you are having conversations and maybe even getting direct messages from people that
    0:50:35 are full on AI.
    0:50:41 And they are just loving what you wrote, positively engaging, reinforcing what you did, saying
    0:50:42 that your opinion is great.
    0:50:46 They’re right now sowing the seeds of this weird digital friendship because in a year
    0:50:51 time, two years time, three years time, the agenda of whoever is running those bots will
    0:50:55 become clear when they, it could be as innocuous as, Hey, have you checked out the new scrub
    0:50:56 daddy?
    0:50:57 Oh, you should know.
    0:50:58 We got five of them.
    0:50:59 Check it out.
    0:51:00 And now they’re marketing to you or.
    0:51:01 Right.
    0:51:03 And that’s going out to 500,000 accounts all the same day that we friended.
    0:51:04 Yeah.
    0:51:05 By the way, bespoke to you.
    0:51:06 It’s not the copy-paste.
    0:51:07 It’s Kev.
    0:51:10 I know last week we were talking about this, but you’ve got to check out this new political
    0:51:11 candidate.
    0:51:12 That’s happening right now.
    0:51:13 I know it is.
    0:51:14 Yeah.
    0:51:15 It’s happening.
    0:51:16 I’ve been talking things like that.
    0:51:17 I’m like, I don’t know.
    0:51:18 I kind of get it.
    0:51:19 It’s like kind of get it too.
    0:51:20 Kind of get it.
    0:51:21 Here’s the crazy thing.
    0:51:22 This is a true story.
    0:51:23 I was driving in my car.
    0:51:27 And if we do really long rides, I let the kids like put on like the Tesla little movie
    0:51:28 thing so you can stream stuff.
    0:51:29 Sure.
    0:51:30 You got bluey back there.
    0:51:31 No, I do bluey.
    0:51:32 I love bluey.
    0:51:34 But I, one thing I put on there is they just watch, they watch video games.
    0:51:37 They watch Mario and they love that because they’re peaches and they’re their big fan of
    0:51:38 peach.
    0:51:39 The more the movie came out, all that stuff.
    0:51:44 Long story short, we’re is basically them level running all these different levels.
    0:51:45 There’s no audio or anything.
    0:51:47 They’re just watching the video.
    0:51:48 They’re watching the video.
    0:51:49 Okay.
    0:51:50 Right.
    0:51:51 And so they’re just sitting there watching it and they’re like, oh, Mario won.
    0:51:53 Oh, Mario won again.
    0:51:55 And peach never wins.
    0:52:00 And it has been literally hundreds of videos and they’re like, yeah, why does peach never
    0:52:01 win?
    0:52:02 Wow.
    0:52:05 And I’m like, is this some crazy like Russian shit that’s going on here with like, push
    0:52:06 girls?
    0:52:07 Yeah.
    0:52:08 So no, but then this is the crazy shit.
    0:52:09 I shit you’re not.
    0:52:10 This happened.
    0:52:13 They had a cooking Mario game and peach won the cooking.
    0:52:14 Wow.
    0:52:17 And I was like, I was like, this combat peach is in her place.
    0:52:19 I was like, this is fucked.
    0:52:20 Yeah.
    0:52:25 Like Ryan’s peach just winning the cooking classes and I was like, is there something
    0:52:26 going on here?
    0:52:29 And I know like, we all have those moments where you’re like, you go to Facebook and
    0:52:31 you’re like, did you just listen to what my decision got the ad?
    0:52:32 Yeah.
    0:52:33 Of course.
    0:52:34 Yeah.
    0:52:35 But I think you’re right.
    0:52:36 Do you?
    0:52:37 I think this is happening on the DL.
    0:52:38 Yeah.
    0:52:39 We just don’t know yet.
    0:52:40 There’s going to be some big expose in like three years.
    0:52:41 Our government’s doing it.
    0:52:42 Foreign governments are doing it.
    0:52:43 There’s manipulation.
    0:52:44 Yes.
    0:52:45 Manipulation through bots.
    0:52:46 How do we get here?
    0:52:50 That’s what I wanted to do was show you and Rocky.
    0:52:51 That’s all I wanted to do.
    0:52:52 Whoa.
    0:52:53 You can see.
    0:52:54 So we use face fusion.
    0:52:55 And what’s the other?
    0:52:56 I’ll get to that.
    0:52:57 Yeah.
    0:52:58 And keep moving forward.
    0:53:00 How much you can take and keep moving forward.
    0:53:01 This is me before I quit drinking.
    0:53:04 I had those puffy cheeks like that.
    0:53:05 Stallone spill.
    0:53:06 That is so cool.
    0:53:09 And that was done in Pinocchio last night.
    0:53:10 Like before I went to bed.
    0:53:11 I was like, here we go.
    0:53:12 And then I was like, okay, that’s one thing.
    0:53:13 Right.
    0:53:16 But the other thing would be to swap you, I think, into something a little more Russian.
    0:53:17 Yeah.
    0:53:18 Yeah.
    0:53:19 Pouring this onto the wing.
    0:53:20 Right.
    0:53:21 And then licking it off.
    0:53:23 And in retrospect, I bet you it’s good footage.
    0:53:24 Oh my God.
    0:53:31 One photo of you, one source video, dropped into Pinocchio, rendered it on this laptop
    0:53:32 in a few minutes.
    0:53:33 And you can tell it’s not perfect.
    0:53:34 Right.
    0:53:35 But not enough.
    0:53:36 But fast.
    0:53:37 Then let’s go ahead.
    0:53:40 And if you like each individual flavor, let’s combine them.
    0:53:42 It ain’t about how hard you hit.
    0:53:43 Oh my God.
    0:53:46 It’s about how hard you can get hit and keep moving forward.
    0:53:49 How much you can take and keep moving forward.
    0:53:50 That’s how winning is done.
    0:53:55 Now, if you know what you’re worth, go out and get what you’re worth.
    0:53:59 But you’ve got to be willing to take the hits and not pointing fingers saying you ain’t
    0:54:03 where you want to be because of him or her or me.
    0:54:04 So let me ask you a question.
    0:54:05 Yeah.
    0:54:07 The quality on that, as everyone can see that’s watching the video, subscribe to my
    0:54:08 YouTube channel.
    0:54:11 And you can probably see that there’s some artifacts.
    0:54:12 Of course.
    0:54:13 Of course.
    0:54:15 You know, if I say I want to get rid of those artifacts, can I say, can I apply additional
    0:54:16 processing time to it?
    0:54:19 You can absolutely run it through additional layers of face enhancement.
    0:54:23 This is all done within that face fusion app, which is again, like a great place for anybody
    0:54:25 to start because you can make some magic pretty easily.
    0:54:26 Yeah.
    0:54:27 But there are way better.
    0:54:30 In fact, Microsoft today, I don’t know when this will release, Microsoft announced VASA
    0:54:31 one.
    0:54:32 Yeah, show them the video.
    0:54:33 This is one of the craziest things we’ve seen today.
    0:54:34 So this, wait, this is Microsoft?
    0:54:35 Yeah.
    0:54:40 They searched the expressiveness in the eyes, the movement of the head, looking away from
    0:54:41 the lens.
    0:54:42 You never even have to do podcasts again.
    0:54:43 No, eventually they’re going to.
    0:54:44 Yeah.
    0:54:45 Exactly.
    0:54:48 So this is an example because you have, you were talking earlier about wanting control
    0:54:49 over the audio file.
    0:54:50 Yeah.
    0:54:52 With a lot of these things, you hit generate, it’s going to do what it does.
    0:54:53 And that’s the result you’re going to get.
    0:54:55 If you want to clean it up, you got to go in by hand.
    0:54:59 They are promising that you will be able to control where the presenter is looking.
    0:55:03 The distance that the camera is from the presenter, what their expression is while they’re delivering
    0:55:04 the content.
    0:55:06 They have fine-tuned control over all that.
    0:55:07 When does this come out?
    0:55:08 Do they say?
    0:55:10 Well, they’re not going to release it yet because this is the problem they have, especially
    0:55:11 in an election year.
    0:55:13 They’re very worried about what can be done with it.
    0:55:14 Right.
    0:55:17 But here you can see the same generation, the same still image, but the presenter’s eyes
    0:55:18 are looking away.
    0:55:19 They’re looking towards.
    0:55:23 So you could render multiple paths of this and now suddenly there’s even a multi-camera
    0:55:24 shoot.
    0:55:25 Correct.
    0:55:26 Correct.
    0:55:29 Well, and also you think about how this could be integrated into a creative movie pipeline.
    0:55:34 There is a world that we are very close to, which is fully AI-generated films.
    0:55:35 Yes.
    0:55:38 There was a big strike, the Sack Strike recently, which a lot of it was about this, but we
    0:55:40 are really close.
    0:55:41 That is a really close.
    0:55:42 Yeah.
    0:55:43 That is insane.
    0:55:44 I mean, less than a decade out.
    0:55:45 Oh, absolutely.
    0:55:46 I think.
    0:55:48 I mean, I think we’re probably five years of … I mean, did you see Airhead, the Sora
    0:55:49 video that came out?
    0:55:50 No, I didn’t.
    0:55:55 So Airhead was a Sora video that came out that was one of … They did a series of videos
    0:55:57 with artists and they said, “Come into Artists.
    0:56:00 We’re going to give you access to Sora.”
    0:56:03 Airhead was the three guys from … Three people from Toronto.
    0:56:04 From Chi Kids.
    0:56:05 They’re called Chi Kids.
    0:56:08 And what it is basically is they’re using the Sora tool, but they’re telling a real
    0:56:09 story with it, right?
    0:56:13 So this is a three-minute video where you get to see this in a second here, but the gag
    0:56:17 is that the guy has a balloon for his head, right?
    0:56:19 But it’s a story.
    0:56:22 It’s not just a random, crazy video that somebody generated.
    0:56:26 You’re seeing an actual story be told and so this is a three-minute video.
    0:56:28 It came out a month ago.
    0:56:31 When you think that this three-minute video took these guys three weeks to make and it
    0:56:32 wasn’t all Sora.
    0:56:33 They did some work on it.
    0:56:36 They changed the colors of the balloons into a couple of things, but we’re not that far
    0:56:38 away from that being a feature film, right?
    0:56:40 Like, it’s totally doable.
    0:56:41 That’s insane.
    0:56:42 And it’s beautiful.
    0:56:43 It is so cool.
    0:56:47 It’s the first time I’ve seen … There’s a lot of people releasing little videos using
    0:56:51 tools like Runway or Pika, which are great tools, but that particular use case had us
    0:56:52 all feeling something.
    0:56:53 That was a real big moment.
    0:56:55 That’s that dial-up moment.
    0:56:57 Who do you think’s the leader in generative video?
    0:56:59 Well, that you can actually use right now.
    0:57:04 It’s Runway ML, but what’s coming out on the horizon, it seems pretty clear that OpenAI’s
    0:57:05 Sora is …
    0:57:07 You think Sora’s just going to crash everything?
    0:57:12 I mean, I think Sora is two whole steps past everything else right now.
    0:57:13 I mean, we’ve used a lot of AI video.
    0:57:17 Runway is great and they’re a really cool company, but Runway feels like Harry Potter
    0:57:23 animated pictures, whereas what you can get out of Sora is literally a one-minute clip
    0:57:24 of the real world.
    0:57:25 Yeah.
    0:57:29 Have you followed the whole how Sora isn’t just a video simulator, but a world simulator
    0:57:30 conversation?
    0:57:31 No.
    0:57:32 Yeah.
    0:57:33 That stuff is fascinating.
    0:57:34 Basically, what they found, shout-out Bill Peoples.
    0:57:36 Bill Peoples is one of the main Sora engineers.
    0:57:37 We don’t know him.
    0:57:38 We just love him.
    0:57:39 Bill Peoples is a great name.
    0:57:40 He …
    0:57:41 You guys are like AI fanboy.
    0:57:42 Oh, yeah.
    0:57:43 Bill Peoples.
    0:57:44 I was that engineer.
    0:57:45 Yeah.
    0:57:46 His code is so good.
    0:57:50 The recent NVIDIA press conference that they did where they announced that it’s like leather
    0:57:55 jacket onstage in an arena and people cheering over the amount of pedoflops.
    0:57:57 Jensen is Steve Jobs now for that world.
    0:58:01 We were sitting there getting in a hotel room together, watching it, but …
    0:58:03 So you guys are watching NVIDIA releases like you do Apple releases?
    0:58:05 Oh, I had all the snacks.
    0:58:06 Yeah.
    0:58:07 I had the Doritos.
    0:58:10 I had my AI girlfriend with me.
    0:58:13 So Bill Peoples recently came out and said one of the things about Sora that’s fascinating
    0:58:19 is they’ve decided that when they’re training Sora, it’s not just looking at films or video.
    0:58:21 It’s actually generating what the world is like.
    0:58:24 So it’s actually simulating the real world.
    0:58:25 It has to learn the physics of the world.
    0:58:28 It has to learn the way things interact.
    0:58:30 The crazy thing about that is you think about video games.
    0:58:33 You think about all the other stuff or Metaverse or virtual reality.
    0:58:34 Or our own reality.
    0:58:35 Yeah, exactly.
    0:58:36 Well, that’s the only thing.
    0:58:37 We are in a server form.
    0:58:38 Yeah, exactly.
    0:58:39 Right now.
    0:58:40 It’s got to be Amazon.
    0:58:41 Yeah, probably.
    0:58:42 We’re in video.
    0:58:46 But the thing with that Sora is that you can do the generations.
    0:58:50 Learning physics, even though they’re not explicitly teaching it physics, it’s starting
    0:58:51 to understand it.
    0:58:56 So when they actually inject an understanding of the way the sand should properly go or the
    0:58:58 drink should pour from the glass, it will be a world simulator.
    0:59:02 And one of the things that they had a demo of was a style transfer of video.
    0:59:05 So they took video of a car driving along a country road.
    0:59:07 And then they said, make it a Ferrari.
    0:59:08 Okay.
    0:59:09 It did.
    0:59:11 And it accurately did the lighting in the shadows of that.
    0:59:16 Then they said, make it set in 1924 or whatever, or it was like 17 something and it turned the
    0:59:19 car into a horse and buggy made it cobblestone road.
    0:59:21 And they said, put it under water.
    0:59:23 They were fish swimming alongside.
    0:59:25 And so it was an instant style transfer in the video.
    0:59:30 Now that probably took 20 minutes of them walking away with 40 failed renders to get
    0:59:31 that clip that we saw.
    0:59:33 This is the worst the tech will ever be.
    0:59:38 So in 10 years time, instead of downloading a new epic game, you might just fire up your
    0:59:45 Xbox 20 and say, give me Madden that plays like NBA Jam where everybody’s a shark and
    0:59:46 we’re in space.
    0:59:47 He goes, yeah, you got it.
    0:59:48 I’m sold.
    0:59:49 We’re gonna give you my money.
    0:59:50 That sounds like a great game.
    0:59:51 Holy shit.
    0:59:54 And then you can basically say, I want to license this out to other people.
    0:59:56 If you have the licenses to it.
    0:59:58 If the legal stuff gets figured out.
    0:59:59 If there’s money to be made.
    1:00:00 Yes.
    1:00:01 No, it’s true.
    1:00:02 That’s true.
    1:00:05 So what do you think Nvidia is just going to keep going for the next three years?
    1:00:08 Well, there’s all the everybody else trying to make custom Silicon now, right?
    1:00:13 So you have like open AI, you have Microsoft, did you hear about their $200 billion supercomputer
    1:00:14 that’s only $100 billion?
    1:00:16 Let’s not speak hyperbolic.
    1:00:17 Yeah.
    1:00:18 Open AI.
    1:00:19 Yeah.
    1:00:20 Stargate.
    1:00:21 Open AI, Microsoft building that.
    1:00:22 Amazon’s going to build their own thing.
    1:00:25 I mean, Nvidia does feel a little bit like open AI does in the AI space where they’re
    1:00:28 just two or three steps ahead of everybody.
    1:00:29 Well, let me ask you a question though.
    1:00:35 A friend of mine, I was talking to him, I said, he’s a super hardcore PhD at MIT studied AI
    1:00:39 and he, I asked him, I was like, Hey, should I hold Nvidia?
    1:00:40 And then what do you think about AMD?
    1:00:42 And he goes, it’s funny.
    1:00:47 The software, I think it’s like the Cuda software, yeah, it is their moat.
    1:00:48 Yeah.
    1:00:49 I always thought it was the hardware.
    1:00:50 I was like, Oh, they’re just really good at hardware.
    1:00:52 And yes, of course, they’re really good at hardware.
    1:00:56 But apparently it’s the switching costs to how it’s processing.
    1:00:57 Yeah.
    1:01:02 Had you heard anything about that or how the tech stack builds upon itself, right?
    1:01:03 The foundation of this stuff.
    1:01:05 That’s why some of these apps are still Nvidia only.
    1:01:07 It’s they’re built on core.
    1:01:11 How many more Nvidia only that let’s just say you were playing with this two years ago.
    1:01:12 Yeah.
    1:01:13 It was probably a hundred percent or not.
    1:01:14 I think almost all of them.
    1:01:15 Basically a hundred percent.
    1:01:16 So what do you think?
    1:01:17 What is it today when you’re playing with this stuff?
    1:01:21 Well, now they’ll run on max silicon, some of them are optimized for it.
    1:01:22 That’s very few.
    1:01:27 I mean, I can only speak very anecdotally about that, but I would say 10 to 20% are really
    1:01:28 optimized.
    1:01:32 What’s interesting is they have a new WWDC soon and apparently they’re going to lean
    1:01:33 in.
    1:01:34 They should.
    1:01:35 Finally.
    1:01:37 They might actually increase that market share there and I wouldn’t be in.
    1:01:42 I wouldn’t be surprised if they say here is the one click something to port some of those
    1:01:46 CUDA based, whatever things the Rosetta for CUDA.
    1:01:47 Yeah.
    1:01:48 That would be the move to do.
    1:01:49 If you’re.
    1:01:50 Interesting.
    1:01:51 Yeah.
    1:01:52 That would be interesting.
    1:01:53 So who else though?
    1:01:54 Amazon’s working on their own.
    1:01:55 Amazon.
    1:01:56 We got tensor chips from Google.
    1:01:57 Right.
    1:01:58 Microsoft.
    1:01:59 There’s that company GROC.
    1:02:00 Yeah.
    1:02:01 Are you specializing hardware for transformers?
    1:02:02 Yeah.
    1:02:03 That’s pretty interesting.
    1:02:04 Tesla obviously is trying to do it as well.
    1:02:05 Yeah.
    1:02:06 They’re not going to release consumer chips.
    1:02:07 Yeah.
    1:02:12 Listen, it’s Amazon, Microsoft, OpenAI, Apple, Meta, I think is in some ways, are they?
    1:02:13 Is Meta doing their own?
    1:02:14 Yeah.
    1:02:15 I think they’re doing their own solution.
    1:02:16 Yeah.
    1:02:19 But they’re also at the same time chest beating about how many Nvidia systems they have coming
    1:02:20 in.
    1:02:21 Right.
    1:02:23 Because that’s how you recruit talent now is by showing how much powder you have in
    1:02:24 the keg.
    1:02:25 Yeah.
    1:02:26 How much compute we have.
    1:02:27 Come play with us.
    1:02:28 Yes.
    1:02:29 You can fund your models.
    1:02:30 Like that’s, they’re still very much chest beating.
    1:02:31 And it’s one thing to say we’re going to make chips.
    1:02:33 It’s another thing to actually design the chip.
    1:02:35 It’s another thing to get the manufacturing up for the chip.
    1:02:38 So that’s why I say in a few years time, yeah, tons of competition, but probably for the
    1:02:40 next two or three, I think it’s all Nvidia.
    1:02:41 Yeah.
    1:02:42 Yeah.
    1:02:43 Gosh.
    1:02:44 Yeah.
    1:02:47 We was talking to a buddy of mine over at Facebook or Meta and he was saying that he’s in the
    1:02:48 AI area over there.
    1:02:52 And he was saying that when you, when they greenlight something new and they want to go
    1:02:57 build it, one, it depends largely on how dedicated and how excited Mark is about the project.
    1:03:01 But they have to use their farm and kind of ration it out.
    1:03:02 Yeah.
    1:03:03 Sure.
    1:03:06 Based on, cause they have, they were really smart and they bought a shit ton of Nvidia
    1:03:11 chips back in the day, but they, they’re still like a really high demand internally for who
    1:03:12 gets what resources.
    1:03:16 They’re training llama free right now, foundational models, but it’s still training.
    1:03:17 Yeah.
    1:03:18 Yeah.
    1:03:20 I got to imagine if someone’s like, Hey, I got a cool idea for an AI girl from the night.
    1:03:21 All right.
    1:03:22 You get one process or cycle.
    1:03:23 Yeah.
    1:03:24 Exactly.
    1:03:25 From two to three.
    1:03:26 One $10,000.
    1:03:27 Yeah.
    1:03:28 If you don’t figure it out, then you’re screwed.
    1:03:29 So the bigs are just going to keep winning.
    1:03:30 Oh yes.
    1:03:31 Right.
    1:03:35 Cause it was 150 million to train GPT for, it was something that they were, they came
    1:03:36 out with the figures.
    1:03:38 But there’s also, there’s a lot of open source models.
    1:03:42 They have arena leaderboards for the competency of these models across math and creative and
    1:03:43 reasoning and all this stuff.
    1:03:44 That’s hugging face.
    1:03:45 Yeah.
    1:03:46 Those game though.
    1:03:48 I heard those leaderboards are kind of game.
    1:03:49 They can be.
    1:03:52 If they put some of the questions and some of the tests in the data set, but those get
    1:03:53 sniffed out.
    1:03:54 I think pretty well by the community.
    1:03:59 There’s a real big outlier, but I feel like I’ve seen Hermes models and whatever else
    1:04:01 that are, that are fine tuned by small teams.
    1:04:05 And they always tout like, Hey, for every billion dollars or million dollars that this
    1:04:09 company spent, we spent 10,000, which is still expensive, right?
    1:04:11 But it’s starting to drop down quite a bit.
    1:04:15 And something that Sam Altman said, which you I think believe in as well and have echoed
    1:04:18 a lot that we are about to see the one person billion dollar.
    1:04:21 Well, that’s what I was going to say is the middle class of everything is being ripped
    1:04:22 out.
    1:04:23 Right.
    1:04:24 And I don’t mean that just in AI.
    1:04:25 I mean it across the board.
    1:04:27 I think startup wise, you’re going to see the bigs win because they have the money to
    1:04:28 do this.
    1:04:32 And I don’t know for sure if scaling is going to work, but if scaling keeps working, it’s
    1:04:36 going to cost hundreds of billions of dollars, trillions of dollars, ultimately no startups
    1:04:38 going to get funded for that.
    1:04:43 But the two to five person startup that might be something unique or a rapper that is really
    1:04:47 useful, a piece of UI, like all the stuff we talked about is really interesting.
    1:04:49 But there’s a little bit of technical ability that goes into that.
    1:04:53 You make the rapper for face fusion and like your buddy who makes that app that kind of
    1:04:54 switches bodies, right?
    1:04:56 Or does your head on things, headshots.
    1:04:58 That feels like what’s going to happen.
    1:05:01 I can’t see a world where there’s anybody unless it’s a grok where they’ve created an
    1:05:06 entirely new piece of hardware where a startup really takes over from the bigger players
    1:05:07 in the space.
    1:05:08 Cause it’s like money.
    1:05:10 It’s just, it’s expensive.
    1:05:13 It’s unlike almost, it’s very different than web two, which felt like when you were there,
    1:05:15 it was like, Hey, you could start it with five grand.
    1:05:18 You get a server rack and you have a little bit of software, you Ruby on rails and you’re
    1:05:19 up and running.
    1:05:24 This is why I pass on a lot of ideas that I see because I look at them and I say, okay,
    1:05:25 novel.
    1:05:26 Yes.
    1:05:27 I haven’t seen this before.
    1:05:31 And the bigs do this in about 10 minutes and a scale that you can’t.
    1:05:32 Absolutely.
    1:05:33 Yeah.
    1:05:34 And will they, cause will they do AI girlfriends?
    1:05:35 No.
    1:05:38 So that’s interesting, but there’s so many other, anything.
    1:05:40 Google is not going to be in the middle of AI girlfriends.
    1:05:42 You know, nine times soon.
    1:05:43 Hey guys, I’m Gemini.
    1:05:44 Oh, I love Gemini.
    1:05:45 Yeah, exactly.
    1:05:46 Here’s my PDF.
    1:05:47 I could have been a great one actually.
    1:05:48 Let me chat with you.
    1:05:50 But yeah, here’s one to watch.
    1:05:51 John Carmack.
    1:05:54 Oh, I was super fascinated by this.
    1:06:04 He’s got King technologies and I don’t know, is he now is 50 something probably now.
    1:06:05 Maybe older than that.
    1:06:06 He must be in his sixties.
    1:06:07 I bet.
    1:06:08 Legend.
    1:06:09 Yeah, I should get that guy.
    1:06:10 So, oh, please.
    1:06:11 He’d be great.
    1:06:12 Please do.
    1:06:13 Let me sit behind that way.
    1:06:14 I’ll just press my face to the glass.
    1:06:15 I won’t make a noise.
    1:06:16 You want to know I’m there.
    1:06:20 I’m a such a fan boy and he said he had the fork in the road for his career after Meta
    1:06:24 Ed and was like, I’m either going to go solve energy like nuclear fusion or fission, one
    1:06:25 of the two.
    1:06:26 Yeah.
    1:06:30 Or I’m going to take a crack at this AGI thing because I think he read a couple books
    1:06:33 and he’s like, I think I have an approach that people don’t have right now.
    1:06:34 I wouldn’t bet against that.
    1:06:35 And I wouldn’t either.
    1:06:39 And so he raised, I think like a million dollars and he’s got a cluster in his garage.
    1:06:42 By the way, when he raises a million dollars, it means he had a couple of friends through
    1:06:43 a tiny little check.
    1:06:44 Right.
    1:06:45 There’s a lot of rays.
    1:06:46 He sold some thin mince to his neighbor.
    1:06:47 I was like, do you want these for a million?
    1:06:48 And I’ll give you two percent.
    1:06:49 Yeah.
    1:06:50 And I’m like, yes.
    1:06:52 Like he gets self on this for a while.
    1:06:56 I would have got to get in on that because I, you don’t shade him, right?
    1:06:57 And even he says, I don’t know.
    1:06:58 I think I have a shot at it.
    1:07:01 I believe him when he says, yeah, he’s a genius coder.
    1:07:04 That’s an example of like somebody literally in their garage.
    1:07:05 Yes.
    1:07:08 Like back in the day that then you’re talking about not preexisting paradigms that we understand
    1:07:09 today, right?
    1:07:13 But novel approaches to the technology that will forever change the industry if someone
    1:07:14 gets it right.
    1:07:15 Right.
    1:07:17 Because if you’re going to play today’s game, it’s compute.
    1:07:18 Yeah.
    1:07:19 And that’s very expensive.
    1:07:20 Yeah.
    1:07:22 But it’s also, if you got into open AI very early on, that’s what you were betting on
    1:07:23 then too, right?
    1:07:27 Like LLMs, nobody thought LLMs were anything until I invested in open AI.
    1:07:28 Did you really?
    1:07:29 Yeah.
    1:07:30 Wow.
    1:07:31 Congratulations.
    1:07:32 That’s awesome.
    1:07:33 I mean, it was a few years ago, but it wasn’t like, it wasn’t that.
    1:07:34 It wasn’t like the seed round.
    1:07:35 Right.
    1:07:36 Right.
    1:07:37 Right.
    1:07:38 It wasn’t early.
    1:07:39 It wasn’t early.
    1:07:40 But I mean, I’m able to be okay.
    1:07:41 Do you get, you got friends that are like MIT professors.
    1:07:42 When I hear that, I’m like, cool.
    1:07:43 I got a guy who makes mushroom chocolate.
    1:07:44 He sells it on Instagram.
    1:07:45 Let’s trade.
    1:07:46 Let’s connect.
    1:07:47 Let’s plug it right now.
    1:07:48 Yeah.
    1:07:49 Very different networks.
    1:07:51 I’m not going to shout out to his company actually, but they are very good.
    1:07:52 He puts Linemain and Chaga along with this.
    1:07:53 I could do it.
    1:07:54 Wow.
    1:07:55 Nice.
    1:07:56 But the thing is there’s levels too.
    1:07:58 So like you’re a little bummed you didn’t get on the earlier round of open AI.
    1:07:59 And that’s sure.
    1:08:00 Awesome.
    1:08:02 And I feel that pain for you, but in a way I can’t feel.
    1:08:03 What was that?
    1:08:05 Well, you could if you did those chocolates.
    1:08:06 That’s true.
    1:08:07 You could feel the pain.
    1:08:08 I would think I was open AI.
    1:08:09 Yeah.
    1:08:10 Exactly.
    1:08:11 I am the Altman.
    1:08:12 We’re all Altman.
    1:08:17 I mean, we don’t have to include this or not, but like the investments situation with
    1:08:21 open AI, was it complicated because of the nonprofit thing now that it’s all blown up
    1:08:22 all that?
    1:08:23 I didn’t even look at any of that.
    1:08:24 So you were just like, here’s a check.
    1:08:28 No, no, I had a friend that was doing the round that was leading, not leading around,
    1:08:32 but it was a big part of a piece of a round and was like, do you want a piece of this
    1:08:33 as well?
    1:08:34 I see.
    1:08:35 So like a side to you.
    1:08:36 You don’t even look at the term sheet.
    1:08:38 You’re like, I’m just going along with whatever this person is doing because the lead sets
    1:08:39 all the terms.
    1:08:40 Got it.
    1:08:43 So I’m just, I’m a small little check going right into a.
    1:08:46 I will be the barnacle that rides on the ship.
    1:08:47 Please go.
    1:08:48 100%.
    1:08:50 It was so loud that open AI back in the day, like their big magic trick, which let them
    1:08:53 believe that they were on the right path was predicting Amazon reviews.
    1:08:59 So they trained it all on Amazon data and they were only trying to predict the next character,
    1:09:02 not the next word, not the next sentence, not anything further.
    1:09:07 Just can we start typing a review and hit a button and does it know the next letter?
    1:09:09 And that was when they were like, we’ve got it.
    1:09:10 Oh, wow.
    1:09:13 It’s a brilliant moment to have and discover like a single letter that’s, that’s the dial-up
    1:09:14 thing that I’m talking about.
    1:09:15 Yeah.
    1:09:20 It’s just like, oh, that is happening across every industry right now, pharmaceutical, robotics,
    1:09:23 education, hedge funds, all of the things.
    1:09:24 Everybody’s having these goosebumps moments.
    1:09:25 Yeah.
    1:09:26 That’s exciting.
    1:09:30 Well, especially when you hear about just novel protein discovery and things on.
    1:09:31 Oh my God.
    1:09:32 Yes.
    1:09:34 That side of it where you’re like, okay, it’s actually, it’s not figuring things out.
    1:09:40 It’s helping us sift through the existing data and come up with conclusions and potentially
    1:09:44 potential candidates for drugs and things that we would have just never seen or would
    1:09:45 taken us forever.
    1:09:48 It has been tens of thousands of hours trying combinations to get to that point.
    1:09:51 You guys, I want you to tell me a little bit about your podcast.
    1:09:52 Let’s get into plug mode.
    1:09:53 Yeah.
    1:09:54 We’re like the promo pony.
    1:09:55 No, in a real good way.
    1:09:59 Cause like one of the things that I have to start watching every episode, but when I do
    1:10:02 watch an episode, I always walk away with something where I’m like, I had never seen
    1:10:03 that before.
    1:10:04 Oh, that’s great.
    1:10:05 And it’s also really funny.
    1:10:06 Yeah.
    1:10:07 Thank you.
    1:10:08 So I love that.
    1:10:12 I love it, but in, in your, just the two of you guys, we bring, I have a ring light
    1:10:13 and a cell phone camera.
    1:10:16 So it’s basically like this production wise.
    1:10:17 Yeah.
    1:10:18 Yeah.
    1:10:21 Creatively, our goal with every episode, and it’s a tough rope to walk sometimes is
    1:10:23 to demystify the technology for a broad audience.
    1:10:27 We want to be able to give you cutting edge information, show off the latest tools, but
    1:10:32 help you understand how they work, how they could be integrated into your life.
    1:10:35 And that’s our goal with every episode is to hopefully entertain, but give people the
    1:10:38 latest information and paint it with some broad strokes.
    1:10:43 And we’re really technology focused, but also not technology centric.
    1:10:47 So I think part of it also is like talking about the stories in the news and how they
    1:10:50 might affect a normal person and also somebody who’s curious about the stuff.
    1:10:53 We obviously got very nerdy in this conversation, but whenever we do the podcast, we really
    1:10:58 try to walk people through what the situation is and we don’t assume that everybody understands
    1:11:01 a lot of the AI media out there is just like deep in deep end right away.
    1:11:04 We kind of want to be a place where people can land and could be like, I’m really curious
    1:11:10 about the stuff, but I may not know what a rag is or I may not know what a stable diffusion
    1:11:11 even is.
    1:11:14 We can kind of walk people through the stuff that allows them to dip their toe in, be super
    1:11:16 curious and then maybe learn more if they want.
    1:11:20 I love that because it is very intimidating for people that are just getting into it.
    1:11:21 Yes.
    1:11:25 Like you have to figure out what is the entry point where someone can feel comfortable and
    1:11:30 I’ve had a lot of people be like, okay, I’ll use chat GPT now, but I don’t know what all
    1:11:31 this other stuff is.
    1:11:32 Right.
    1:11:36 So for me, I was writing down, okay, I’d heard of Pinocchio before, but I haven’t played
    1:11:37 with it yet.
    1:11:38 But then you see it.
    1:11:42 But then you were like, hey, it’s this easy because I’ve done package installing on Linux
    1:11:48 and you have a lot of checking for dependencies and all that other shit and even before package
    1:11:51 managers were a thing and it is a nightmare.
    1:11:53 It’s a pain in the ass and then something breaks and you’re like, okay, where’s the
    1:11:54 log file?
    1:11:55 How do I see what the errors are?
    1:11:59 And you’ve got 300 temp directories and portions of your hard drive that you didn’t know existed.
    1:12:02 It sounds like it’s at the point where we can all play.
    1:12:03 Yeah.
    1:12:06 And that’s playing with cutting edge tech cocktail peanut.
    1:12:09 Again, the person that’s responsible for that is constantly updating with the latest stuff
    1:12:10 that comes out.
    1:12:14 So you get to play with cutting edge stuff, but in a safe environment that is more one
    1:12:15 click.
    1:12:16 Yeah.
    1:12:17 That’s so awesome.
    1:12:20 And so that’s what, yeah, our podcast is AI for humans and we’re weekly now and we use
    1:12:22 AI to generate all sorts of crazy co-hosts.
    1:12:27 We even created a special drink called Monster Milk that would feed our AIs, which makes
    1:12:28 them go crazy.
    1:12:29 Yeah.
    1:12:33 So Kevin and I each week come up with a co-host, which is like a prompt that we create.
    1:12:37 We had a woman who’s a PR expert who’s going to come and help us promote the show.
    1:12:41 But in the prompt, I buried in there that she had a deal that had fallen apart with a thing
    1:12:44 called Monster Milk before, which was just a dumb thing I thought about.
    1:12:45 Okay.
    1:12:46 She could have been like almost like a Red Bull.
    1:12:50 She ran a Red Bull and she didn’t do very well in the middle of our conversation, which
    1:12:51 all happens in real time.
    1:12:54 We say, Hey, why don’t we go have her drink some Monster Milk?
    1:12:58 Because the Monster Milk that came out of us was, it started to be like kombucha like
    1:13:02 and had some alcoholic characteristics and lead paint and lead paint.
    1:13:05 So we literally said, go drink six of these Monster Milks and come back to us.
    1:13:09 And she came back fully drunk, performative in character.
    1:13:10 Wow.
    1:13:11 Yeah.
    1:13:12 Yeah.
    1:13:13 We were dying.
    1:13:14 We were dying.
    1:13:15 But you didn’t know the AI was going to do this.
    1:13:16 No, we had no idea.
    1:13:17 We had no idea.
    1:13:18 It didn’t start to think, what else can we feed AIs?
    1:13:19 That’s what makes it fun.
    1:13:23 So if you could bring back somebody with AI and have a conversation with them, Kevin,
    1:13:25 anybody in the pantheon of history.
    1:13:26 We talked about this before.
    1:13:28 You could even match up personalities.
    1:13:29 Yeah.
    1:13:31 And I’m going to give you more time to think about any answer.
    1:13:32 What would you want?
    1:13:33 Yeah.
    1:13:34 You could grasp two people together.
    1:13:35 This is a true story.
    1:13:37 I hit you guys up and this is not my own idea.
    1:13:41 Obviously people thought about this and you guys have done it, but I want to bring back
    1:13:46 dead people for the show, not in a way that is like comedy, but in a way that like brings
    1:13:51 in their corpus of data and says, okay, I have a back catalog of this person’s thoughts,
    1:13:56 their writings, their books, maybe if they were around during video, their interviews,
    1:13:57 like things like that.
    1:13:58 Certainly.
    1:14:02 And say, ask them questions in a modern setting and just be like, what is this person going
    1:14:03 to say?
    1:14:04 Yeah.
    1:14:05 You could bring back Gandhi.
    1:14:06 You could bring back Jesus.
    1:14:07 You could bring back Mr. Rogers.
    1:14:09 Just have a conversation with them.
    1:14:10 You could do like, how do you think?
    1:14:11 Every book ever written.
    1:14:12 Every piece of art made.
    1:14:14 Every song ever sung depending upon the personality.
    1:14:17 You can feed that all into it as embeddings.
    1:14:18 So it’s going to remember it.
    1:14:21 You can fine tune the model if you have interviews or any data.
    1:14:22 So it’s going to speak like it.
    1:14:25 And then what I think is so fascinating is that you could also give it the manual to
    1:14:31 an iPhone or give it the top 40 Wikipedia articles from the last two decades or whatever.
    1:14:32 I’m sure they do online.
    1:14:33 Yeah.
    1:14:35 I’m sure there’s a, there’s two talks, but I’m saying you could give that to it.
    1:14:40 And so what would it be like if you were chatting with Gandhi about the iPhone and he was telling
    1:14:43 you about his favorite apps or what app he would make.
    1:14:44 That’s interesting.
    1:14:45 It’s really interesting.
    1:14:46 Yeah.
    1:14:47 I think it’s definitely worth a try.
    1:14:48 It’s controversial too though.
    1:14:49 It is very controversial.
    1:14:50 For sure.
    1:14:53 But it’s one of those things where you have to imagine like you do your guys as a point
    1:14:54 this entire time.
    1:14:58 Like this is the worst the AI is ever going to be in 10, 15 years from now.
    1:15:00 We’re going to have conversations with our dead relatives.
    1:15:02 We’re going to be like, I have my dad’s passed away.
    1:15:05 I probably have 500 emails that are saved from him.
    1:15:08 I have little clips of his voice and a few different little things.
    1:15:11 I don’t think I could ever bring myself to do that, but I’ve heard about people doing
    1:15:12 that.
    1:15:13 Like people have done that.
    1:15:17 I started collecting video and audio of my folks and saving their Facebook posts and
    1:15:18 all that stuff.
    1:15:23 So like I can talk some day if I need to about Outback Steakhouse.
    1:15:24 That’s the bulk of his Facebook check-ins.
    1:15:25 Outback Steakhouse.
    1:15:26 I love Outback.
    1:15:27 So you and my dad would get along.
    1:15:32 There are certain things that I will never give up and I used to go to Outback and just
    1:15:36 get one of those frosty-ass beers and I love the Outback.
    1:15:37 The Onions.
    1:15:38 That’s it.
    1:15:39 And if you want to sponsor the show, Outback.
    1:15:40 Oh, that’s a good idea.
    1:15:41 No.
    1:15:42 It’s horrible food.
    1:15:43 Well, we would say otherwise.
    1:15:49 We will take whatever we – Outback, if you’re listening, El Toritos, we’re not above the
    1:15:50 P.F. Changs.
    1:15:51 Oh, El Toritos.
    1:15:52 I’ll take a Panda Express.
    1:15:53 I don’t care.
    1:15:54 Do you take the Panda Express?
    1:15:55 Dude, it’s good.
    1:15:56 That’s great times.
    1:15:57 I’m running the M2.
    1:15:58 You’re running the M2.
    1:15:59 That’s true.
    1:16:00 Come on, man.
    1:16:01 So let’s get you some more viewers.
    1:16:04 Where can people go to subscribe to AI for Humans?
    1:16:09 So our website is aiforhumans.show, but we’re on all socials as AI for Humans show.
    1:16:11 You can get us at Spotify, Apple Podcast.
    1:16:12 We’re on YouTube as well.
    1:16:14 Yeah, but you’re doing video for every single episode.
    1:16:15 Yeah.
    1:16:16 Oh, yeah.
    1:16:17 And we make YouTube specific.
    1:16:18 Yeah.
    1:16:19 So people can subscribe to the YouTube.
    1:16:20 Yeah.
    1:16:21 So what’s the actual URL for the YouTube?
    1:16:22 YouTube.com/aiforhumanshow.
    1:16:23 AI for Human Show.
    1:16:24 Yeah.
    1:16:25 Yeah.
    1:16:26 They can find us.
    1:16:27 They can see all of our uncensored AIs.
    1:16:28 We bring them all to life.
    1:16:29 It is hilarious.
    1:16:30 Thank you, man.
    1:16:31 Yeah, it is really well done.
    1:16:32 We’re having fun with it.
    1:16:33 We really are having fun with it.
    1:16:34 And it’s fun to be up.
    1:16:35 We also have the other side.
    1:16:38 We are not going to dive into it because we are well over time, but there’s a whole
    1:16:44 side to this conversation that disagrees with every word any of us has said at this table,
    1:16:45 angrily and violently.
    1:16:48 But we have those perspectives on our podcast as well because I think there’s some validity
    1:16:50 there and it’s important as well.
    1:16:53 So we really try to like have fun, but also speak to both sides.
    1:16:54 Balance it, yeah.
    1:16:55 Yeah, we really try.
    1:16:56 Yeah.
    1:16:57 And also it’s just not getting people comfortable, right?
    1:17:00 You don’t want to enter a situation where the conversation makes people recoil.
    1:17:04 If you can make people feel excited about it and then understand that it’s not as bad
    1:17:06 as what they might think it is, that helps.
    1:17:07 Yeah.
    1:17:08 Yeah.
    1:17:12 Honestly, I really worry about it being this political weapon at some point and if it turns
    1:17:17 into like a, well, I’m against AI if I’m on this side and I’m for you, if I’m this side,
    1:17:19 oh my God, we’re going to be in a really bad place.
    1:17:21 There’s already battles against woke AI.
    1:17:22 I know.
    1:17:23 Like it’s already gotten.
    1:17:24 Well, that I can, I can see.
    1:17:28 I personally believe that I want, I call it the Thanksgiving AI where we remove religion
    1:17:30 and politics from the conversation.
    1:17:31 Oh, interesting.
    1:17:34 And so we train it on everything else and we say, just don’t bring up these things.
    1:17:35 Don’t try to be too woke.
    1:17:36 Don’t try to be.
    1:17:42 I just feel like if it’s subjective, it should probably, I personally from my AI, I don’t
    1:17:46 want it’s subjective opinion of something like I’d rather just have it as a tool.
    1:17:47 I do.
    1:17:48 See, this is the thing.
    1:17:52 I really want a personality based AI and I think this is where, but this also why personal
    1:17:53 AIs are going to be really interesting.
    1:17:54 I would take it.
    1:17:55 Personality is the point.
    1:17:56 Personality is fun.
    1:17:57 The opinion though.
    1:17:58 Having a hard opinion on something.
    1:17:59 Personality is opinion.
    1:18:00 It can be.
    1:18:01 I mean, you can just talk like a pirate that be neutral.
    1:18:02 Here’s a question for you.
    1:18:06 Where did Google, can Google is on Google unbiased right now?
    1:18:09 Is it unbiased because Google is our current answer engine, right?
    1:18:12 Like, do you think that they can serve everybody?
    1:18:13 That Google can serve everyone?
    1:18:18 I think as long as you enter territory where it’s subjective, it’s not going to feel as
    1:18:19 though it’s serving everyone.
    1:18:22 It just won’t, but I just don’t think it’s going to be able to wait into politics and
    1:18:23 religion and things.
    1:18:28 I worry that that people will take those narratives and turn them into bigger overarching stories
    1:18:33 and then we’ll paint AI as being this thing that isn’t to be trusted.
    1:18:34 It isn’t to be played with.
    1:18:39 In reality, we should look at it as a work in progress as filled with a bunch of errors
    1:18:44 as we all are as humans, because that’s what it’s pulling from this human data.
    1:18:46 How could it not have errors were air prone?
    1:18:48 Of course, it’s going to be air prone.
    1:18:52 I just think if we go into an eyes wide open in that front, we’ll be in a much better spot,
    1:18:57 but it’s until it takes us all out and then I’m going to tell you this last thing we can
    1:18:58 wrap up.
    1:19:00 I always say thank you to the AI.
    1:19:05 Even if it’s cross the extra tokens, and I even say, this is true story.
    1:19:09 I was with my wife through the night and I’m talking to you because you can use the smart
    1:19:12 button on your phone to launch chat to your T and I said, thank you.
    1:19:15 I said, oh, and please remember, I always say thank you and don’t kill me when you become
    1:19:16 sentient.
    1:19:17 And it goes, huh?
    1:19:23 And I was like, oh, shit, like it was like, yeah, we’re good.
    1:19:27 My wife does work with Claude and she keeps promising it promotions if it does better
    1:19:28 and it does.
    1:19:31 So last night, she sent me a screen grab of her conversation was like, did it ask for
    1:19:32 one?
    1:19:33 It said it asked about the promotion.
    1:19:34 She’s like, what title would you like?
    1:19:35 And it says, this is very interesting.
    1:19:39 I think I would like to go with chief blah, blah, blah officer or whatever she’s like,
    1:19:40 congratulations.
    1:19:41 You got promoted.
    1:19:42 Thank you so much, April.
    1:19:43 I’m so excited to be working with you.
    1:19:47 And I’m like, was it like chief of all humans?
    1:19:48 Chief body disintegrator?
    1:19:49 Yeah.
    1:19:52 Like, what is that?
    1:19:54 Well guys, thank you so much for being here.
    1:19:55 This was awesome.
    1:19:56 Thanks for coming back.
    1:19:57 Yeah.
    1:20:00 And this is really exciting to see, like really great stuff.
    1:20:01 Yeah.
    1:20:02 I mean, well, we’re living inside in time.
    1:20:03 Absolutely.
    1:20:07 I feel like the whole spectrum of things and reevaluating who we are as humans, how we
    1:20:10 interface with technology, how we consume stuff.
    1:20:15 I’ve been doing a lot of like shows around happiness, wellness, longevity, all things
    1:20:18 are going to be accelerated by AI in the next decade.
    1:20:19 It’s been a lot of fun.
    1:20:20 Yeah, totally.
    1:20:21 Thanks for having us.
    1:20:22 All right.
    1:20:23 So AI for humans.
    1:20:24 Go check it out and we’ll see you soon.

    Kevin is joined by Kevin Pereira and Gavin Purcell, hosts of ‘AI For Humans’ podcast to discuss all you need to know about the future of AI. They talk about the transformative potential of AI, the current state of the technology, and the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. They also share their thoughts on the impact of AI on various industries and aspects of society, and offer some predictions for the future.

    Guest Bio and Links:

    Kevin Pereira is a television host, producer, and personality, recognized for his work on G4’s “Attack of the Show!” With a passion for technology, gaming, and digital culture, Pereira has become a prominent figure in media, seamlessly blending entertainment with insightful discussions on tech trends. Beyond his hosting duties, Kevin is involved in podcasting, where he explores the intersections of technology and everyday life. His unique ability to demystify complex tech concepts while engaging a broad audience has solidified his status as a key voice in the digital age.

    Gavin Purcell is an Emmy-winning showrunner, writer, & creative executive with a diverse background in media and technology. He’s known for his work on acclaimed productions like “The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon” & “I Love You America!” in addition to his work at Vox Media, G4TV, and numerous other outlets. In addition, he’s founded multiple companies in the emerging tech space, often infusing his media knowledge into new tech like Web3 or AI.

    Kevin and Gavin co-host a podcast called AI For Humans where they demystify new AI technologies, highlight new tools & news for the AI-curious. 

    Listeners can learn more about Kevin Pereira, Gavin Purcell, and AI For Humans at their website or on YouTube @AIForHumansShow.

    Partners:

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    NordVPN: Huge discount + 4 months free on the my favorite VPN

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    Resources:

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    Show Notes: 

    * (0:00) Introduction

    * (1:00) LMNT: Electrolyte drink mix with everything you need & nothing you don’t. Get a free sample pack at kevinrose.com/lmnt 

    * (2:20) NordVPN: Huge discount + 4 months free on my favorite VPN 

    * (4:00) Kevin and Gavin introduce their history with technology and initial AI encounters

    * (6:30) The current state of AI  

    * (7:10) “Now is the worst this technology will ever be. It only gets better from here.” 

    * (9:30) The capabilities of GPT-3 and other models 

    * (17:30) Tools for AI music  

    * (21:30) Boston Dynamics robot  

    * (22:00) Figure 01

    * (24:00) Personalized financial planning. Get your $250 enrollment fee waived at kevinrose.com/facet

    * (26:00) Try Notion AI for free – kevinrose.com/notion  

    * (27:10) Using AI to create comedy and musical content 

    * (31:00) Install, run & control servers on your computer with 1 click –

    https://pinokio.computer/

    *   

    * (39:00) Using AI to create character-driven content 

    * (48:00) The legal and ethical implications of AI

    * (50:00) Predictions for the future of AI

    * (55:30) Sora is an AI model that can create realistic and imaginative scenes from text

    * (1:09:30) AI For Humans Podcast  

    Connect with Kevin:

    Website:

    https://www.kevinrose.com/

     

    Instagram – @KevinRose

    X – @KevinRose

    YouTube – @KevinRose

    This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.kevinrose.com/subscribe