Author: The Tim Ferriss Show

  • #803: Craig Mod Returns — Epic Walks in Japan, The Art of Slowness, Digital Detox, Publishing “Impossible” Books, and Choosing Beauty Over Scale

    #803: Craig Mod Returns — Epic Walks in Japan, The Art of Slowness, Digital Detox, Publishing “Impossible” Books, and Choosing Beauty Over Scale

    AI transcript
    0:00:04 And so to do this thing where there was basically a month built in
    0:00:05 where I wasn’t going to see these responses.
    0:00:08 Sorry, my dog’s vomiting.
    0:00:08 Give me a sec.
    0:00:13 That’s a new one for the podcast.
    0:00:14 I know.
    0:00:15 Okay, sorry.
    0:00:18 Your dog hates SMS.
    0:00:22 Give me a second to deal with this.
    0:00:25 I’ve never had my dog vomit while I’m recording a podcast
    0:00:27 right next to me before.
    0:00:27 That’s a new one.
    0:00:30 This is the glamorous life of a podcaster, folks.
    0:00:36 Hello, boys and girls, ladies and germs.
    0:00:37 This is Tim Ferriss.
    0:00:39 Welcome to another episode of The Tim Ferriss Show,
    0:00:44 where it is my job every episode to deconstruct world-class performers,
    0:00:46 people who are the best at what they do,
    0:00:52 people who are the deepest in the deep end of whatever their specialty happens to be.
    0:00:55 This episode that you are going to hear is my second interview,
    0:01:00 my second conversation with Craig Mod, a gem of a human being.
    0:01:01 Love the guy.
    0:01:06 Now, important note, though, you do not need the first interview to enjoy this one.
    0:01:11 This, what you’re about to listen to, is perfectly self-sufficient as a standalone conversation.
    0:01:12 So, go forth.
    0:01:13 Enjoy.
    0:01:18 But if you also want to check out our first convo, which covers his early years and his
    0:01:24 winding path to Japan, you can find it at tim.blogs slash mod, M-O-D.
    0:01:30 Today’s episode will dive very deeply into Craig’s walking philosophy and practice.
    0:01:32 I’ll explain what that means, why it’s relevant.
    0:01:38 His incredible experiences and experiments with publishing of all sorts, independent and traditional.
    0:01:46 His unexpected celebrity in Japan, which is wild and just so fun.
    0:01:50 And the profound impact of reconnecting with his biological family.
    0:01:53 And we’ll get into all the nuances and background necessary for that.
    0:01:55 This is a packed episode.
    0:01:58 Craig is such a joy to listen to.
    0:01:59 Great storyteller.
    0:02:00 And there are a lot of takeaways.
    0:02:02 But I’m getting ahead of myself.
    0:02:03 Who is Craig?
    0:02:06 He is a writer, photographer, and walker.
    0:02:08 We’ll talk about that a lot.
    0:02:10 Living in Tokyo and Kamakura, Japan.
    0:02:14 He is the author of Things Become Other Things and Kissa by Kissa.
    0:02:16 K-I-S-S-A.
    0:02:17 Don’t worry about it.
    0:02:17 We’ll get to it.
    0:02:22 He also writes the newsletters Roden and Ridgeline and has contributed to the New York
    0:02:24 Times, The Atlantic, Wired, and more.
    0:02:29 He has walked thousands of miles across Japan in every conceivable place.
    0:02:36 And since 2016, he has been co-running Walk & Talks with Kevin Kelly, perhaps the most interesting
    0:02:43 man in the world, in various places around the world, the Cotswolds, Northern Thailand, Bali,
    0:02:49 Southern China, Japan, Spain, which includes the Portuguese and French Caminos, and much more.
    0:02:52 You can find Craig Mod at craigmod.com.
    0:02:57 That’s the H-Q for everything Craig Mod, C-R-A-I-G-M-O-D.com.
    0:03:02 You can find him on Instagram, at craigmod, and on Blue Sky as well, craigmod.com.
    0:03:08 And with that, and just a few words from the people who make this podcast possible, we’ll
    0:03:10 get right into the meat and potatoes of Craig Mod.
    0:03:15 As many of you know, for the last few years, I’ve been sleeping on a Midnight Luxe mattress
    0:03:17 from today’s sponsor, Helix Sleep.
    0:03:23 I also have one in the guest bedroom downstairs, and feedback from friends has always been fantastic.
    0:03:24 Kind of over the top, to be honest.
    0:03:27 I mean, they frequently say it’s the best night of sleep they’ve had in ages.
    0:03:28 What kind of mattress is it?
    0:03:29 What do you do?
    0:03:30 What’s the magic juju?
    0:03:34 It’s something they comment on without any prompting from me whatsoever.
    0:03:40 I also recently had a chance to test the Helix Sunset Elite in a new guest bedroom, which
    0:03:44 I sometimes sleep in, and I picked it for its very soft but supportive feel to help with
    0:03:46 some lower back pain that I’ve had.
    0:03:50 The Sunset Elite delivers exceptional comfort while putting the right support in the right
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    0:03:56 It is made with five tailored foam layers, including a base layer with full perimeter zoned lumbar
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    0:04:05 a soft contouring feel, which also means if I feel like I want to sleep on my side, I can
    0:04:08 do that without worrying about other aches and pains I might create.
    0:04:13 And with a luxurious pillow top for pressure relief, I look forward to nestling into that
    0:04:15 bed every night that I use it.
    0:04:20 The best part, of course, is that it helps me wake up feeling fully rested with a back that
    0:04:24 feels supple instead of stiff, and that is the name of the game for me these days.
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    0:04:42 So go to helixsleep.com slash Tim to check it out.
    0:04:45 That’s helixsleep.com slash Tim.
    0:04:48 With Helix, better sleep starts now.
    0:04:54 About three weeks ago, I found myself between 10,000 and 12,000 feet going over the continental
    0:05:00 divide, carrying tons of weight, doing my best not to chew on my own lungs, and I needed all
    0:05:01 the help I could get.
    0:05:07 And in those circumstances, I relied on Momentous products every single day and every single
    0:05:08 night.
    0:05:12 Now, regular listeners probably know I’ve been taking Momentous products consistently and testing
    0:05:15 them, the entire spectrum of their products, for a long while now.
    0:05:20 But you may not know that I recently collaborated with them, one of the sponsors of this episode,
    0:05:22 to put together my top picks.
    0:05:25 And I’m calling it my performance stack.
    0:05:27 I always aim for a strong body and sharp mind.
    0:05:28 Of course, you need both.
    0:05:31 And neither is possible without quality sleep.
    0:05:33 So I didn’t want anything speculative.
    0:05:35 I wanted things I could depend on.
    0:05:36 And it is what I use personally.
    0:05:39 So I designed my performance stack to check all three boxes.
    0:05:40 And here it is.
    0:05:43 Creapure creatine for muscular and cognitive support.
    0:05:46 The cognitive side is actually very interesting to me these days.
    0:05:49 Whey protein isolate for muscle mass and recovery.
    0:05:54 And magnesium threonate for sleep, which is really the ideal form of magnesium, as far
    0:05:56 as we know, for sleep.
    0:06:01 I use all three daily, and it’s why I feel 100% comfortable recommending it to you, my dear
    0:06:02 listeners.
    0:06:07 Momentous sources Creapure creatine from Germany, and their whey isolate is sourced from European
    0:06:10 dairy farmers held to incredibly strict standards.
    0:06:15 And I’ve chatted with the CEO about their supply chain, about how they manage all of these things.
    0:06:21 It’s incredibly complex, and they go way above any industry standards that I’m familiar with,
    0:06:22 and I am familiar with them.
    0:06:27 All Momentous products are NSF and Informed Sports Certified, which is professional athlete
    0:06:28 and Olympic-level testing.
    0:06:31 So here’s the main point.
    0:06:33 What’s on the label is exactly what you’re getting.
    0:06:38 And this is not true for the vast majority of companies in this industry.
    0:06:40 So this is a differentiator.
    0:06:42 Try it out for yourself, and let me know what you think.
    0:06:49 Visit livemomentous.com slash Tim, and use Tim at checkout for 20% off of my performance
    0:06:49 stack.
    0:06:52 One more time, that’s livemomentous.com slash Tim.
    0:06:53 I’ll spell it out.
    0:06:54 It’s a long one.
    0:06:57 Live moment, O-U-S dot com slash Tim.
    0:07:00 So livemomentous.com slash Tim for 20% off.
    0:07:07 At this altitude, I can run flat out for a half mile before my hands start shaking.
    0:07:08 Can I ask you a personal question?
    0:07:11 Now we’re just in a perfect time.
    0:07:12 What if I did the opposite?
    0:07:16 I’m a cybernetic organism, living tissue over metal endoskeleton.
    0:07:20 Me, Tim, Ferris, yo.
    0:07:28 Modo-san, o-hayo gozaimasu.
    0:07:29 Hi, konbama.
    0:07:30 Konbama.
    0:07:31 Exactly.
    0:07:33 Time zones.
    0:07:36 Lots and lots of time zones between us.
    0:07:41 And I suppose that is as good a segue as any to ask you a question related to something
    0:07:50 that you said in passing in our last conversation, which was living in a six to Tommy mat room.
    0:07:54 For many people listening, they may not know exactly what that means.
    0:07:54 What does that mean?
    0:07:59 Like in Japan, you used to measure everything by basically tatami mats.
    0:08:03 So tatami mat, it’s like two meters by half a meter or something like that.
    0:08:05 It’s a rectangle mat basically.
    0:08:07 And yeah, you had rooms.
    0:08:12 Rooms are kind of like classical Japanese rooms are based on certain tatami mat numbers.
    0:08:15 Six mat room, eight mat room, 10 mat room, 12 mat room, things like that.
    0:08:23 And I lived for most of my adult life from like age 22 to 35.
    0:08:25 I was in like a six mat tatami room.
    0:08:28 I lived a really ascetic sort of twenties and early thirties.
    0:08:31 Super affordable in the middle of the city.
    0:08:32 It worked out.
    0:08:33 It worked well for me.
    0:08:37 So I’m looking up the name of a movie that I saw recently.
    0:08:42 If people want a visual on a roughly six tatami room.
    0:08:43 Perfect days.
    0:08:44 Perfect days.
    0:08:44 Yeah, yeah, yeah.
    0:08:45 Wim Wenders.
    0:08:45 Exactly.
    0:08:51 The amazing thing about that movie is I think they wrote it and shot it in like a matter
    0:08:53 of just like three weeks, four weeks.
    0:08:55 They shot it so fast, but it works.
    0:09:00 Which is part of the beauty of an independent film like this.
    0:09:06 If you can control the locations, if you’re not throwing in a bunch of CGI, if you can apply
    0:09:13 some constraints, you can make a beautiful little film that really does the trick.
    0:09:17 And you can rely on that old fashioned thing called storytelling and character development.
    0:09:25 I will say that this particular film, Perfect Days, just as a warning slash promise to people,
    0:09:27 it starts off very slow.
    0:09:32 It gets to a point, at least it did for me, where it starts to get repetitive and almost
    0:09:32 annoying.
    0:09:41 But then at some point that I could not put a finger on, it starts to become really hypnotic
    0:09:45 and then it gets very reassuring and then it ends up very endearing.
    0:09:46 It’s worth the whole push through.
    0:09:51 I think it’s a good piece of film, but basically where the guy, the protagonist of Perfect Days
    0:09:57 lives is exactly the sort of room I lived in for like roughly 13, 14 years.
    0:09:58 It’s worth checking out.
    0:10:05 The rumor I heard, this was second or third hand, so I have not fact checked this, is that
    0:10:13 at some point, I guess it was Tokyo Toilet or whoever actually, I imagine it’s the municipality
    0:10:18 that owns the toilets, was looking to do an advertising campaign featuring some of their
    0:10:24 more unusual sort of art piece toilets, which people will see in the film.
    0:10:30 And that somehow Wim Wenders, the filmmaker, got wind of this and said,
    0:10:36 that all sounds great, but why don’t you just give me your entire budget and I’ll make a film
    0:10:37 about a toilet cleaner.
    0:10:38 Yeah.
    0:10:39 Yeah.
    0:10:40 Pretty astonishing.
    0:10:41 Yeah.
    0:10:42 It’s pretty, it’s pretty awesome.
    0:10:43 Yeah.
    0:10:43 Yeah.
    0:10:43 Yeah.
    0:10:55 Let’s jump to the meat and potatoes of Craig Mod 2.0, which is huge walks.
    0:10:56 Yes.
    0:10:59 We covered so much ground, pun intended.
    0:11:00 I’m sorry.
    0:11:06 We covered so much ground in the last conversation.
    0:11:13 We never got to what a lot of people want to know from you, which is huge walks.
    0:11:17 Why, how, where, what is it like, all the things.
    0:11:18 Where should we start?
    0:11:20 What is step one here?
    0:11:26 I mean, step one is just, like I arrived in Tokyo, I’m 19 years old, I’m walking through
    0:11:29 the city at night and I’m just mesmerized.
    0:11:33 You know, there’s just something about being able to move through the city without worrying
    0:11:35 about anything, without thinking about safety.
    0:11:35 Yes.
    0:11:40 And people’s lives are really, I want to say exposed.
    0:11:44 Like you walk down a street and you can hear everything and you can hear the baths being drawn.
    0:11:47 You can hear the kids laughing behind, you know, closed doors.
    0:11:50 You can smell someone having a cigarette in their kitchen as they’re listening to the radio.
    0:11:53 And there was something about all of that.
    0:11:57 I think that really many, many things kept me here, but like those walks, those late night
    0:12:04 walks around Tokyo when I was 19, 20, I mean, that really set something moving in my heart.
    0:12:07 And I think I kind of held onto that for a long time.
    0:12:11 So before we segue from that, why were you walking around at night?
    0:12:13 Was it insomnia?
    0:12:14 Were you taking photographs?
    0:12:14 What were you doing?
    0:12:17 I mean, I was just drinking too much.
    0:12:20 I was gulking around with a bottle in hand.
    0:12:24 So yeah, no street drinking, but like I would be, you know, I was going to Golden Guy.
    0:12:27 You should explain what that was and what it is for people who don’t know.
    0:12:34 Golden Guy was a post-war, almost like a black market drinking area in Shinjuku next to Kabukicho,
    0:12:35 which is like the big red light district.
    0:12:40 And it was a whole bunch of ramshackle shacks, you know, one story, two stories.
    0:12:43 And then they all had attics and it was all for prostitution.
    0:12:48 So you’d go to these bars post-war and then there’d be prostitutes there and they’d take you up.
    0:12:55 If you go in some of the bars in Golden Guy still have these like attic rooms and that would be where the Roxanne stuff would happen.
    0:12:56 Yeah.
    0:12:57 Where Roxanne would turn on a red light.
    0:13:06 And anyway, over time, it became a place of like artists, filmmakers, directors, poets would gather and drink there.
    0:13:09 Kind of in the, I’d say probably in like the seventies, eighties, nineties.
    0:13:15 Another Wim Wenders film, Tokyo Ga, where he’s kind of exploring, he’s like chasing Ozu and he goes to a bar.
    0:13:16 What is Ozu?
    0:13:19 Ozu is sort of like, if you had a lot of people know Kurosawa.
    0:13:21 So you have Seven Samurai.
    0:13:28 Ozu is like the Kurosawa contemporary, where if you flipped all the action of Seven Samurai,
    0:13:32 it created like the inverse of it where nothing happens and the camera just sits on the ground.
    0:13:36 That is Ozu, but it’s, Ozu made so many films.
    0:13:37 Ozu never got married.
    0:13:38 He never had any kids.
    0:13:45 He made so many films and every single film is about a daughter leaving her father to go get married.
    0:13:48 And the father being like super depressed and sad.
    0:13:51 Like the daughter being like, I don’t want to leave you.
    0:13:53 And he’d be like, no, you have to.
    0:13:56 And you should watch, if you’re going to watch one Ozu film, watch,
    0:13:58 Sama no Aji is what it’s called in Japanese.
    0:14:00 I think it’s Sama no Aji.
    0:14:01 Sama no Aji.
    0:14:02 So the taste of mackerel.
    0:14:03 Sama.
    0:14:04 Oh, yeah.
    0:14:04 Yeah, yeah.
    0:14:05 Sama no Aji.
    0:14:06 I love that film.
    0:14:07 The Taste of Mackerel.
    0:14:08 The Taste of Mackerel.
    0:14:10 Yeah, beautiful, beautiful title.
    0:14:12 He was a huge drinker too.
    0:14:16 And he would kind of go into the mountains with some of his writing partners and they would
    0:14:20 measure how far they were on their script by how many bottles of, empty bottles of sake
    0:14:21 they would line the room with.
    0:14:26 So by the end of his script, and I don’t know why it took him so long, because literally
    0:14:30 every script is the same script, but like they would end up, you know, kind of filling the
    0:14:31 room with these sake bottles.
    0:14:35 But so, you know, like there’s sort of like this Ozu kind of element of people.
    0:14:41 And Wim Wenders in Tokyo Ga, he came to Tokyo in the 80s, I think it was like 84, and he
    0:14:43 was kind of hunting down what was left of Ozu.
    0:14:45 He’s kind of like chasing Ozu.
    0:14:49 But what he ends up doing is he captures a bunch of Tokyo in the 80s, and it’s amazing.
    0:14:55 And one of the places he goes to is a bar in Golden Guy, which is still, as of like five
    0:14:56 years ago, it was still active.
    0:14:58 And the same woman is still running it.
    0:15:02 And you could go there and you watch the Wim Wenders film and you see this bartender and
    0:15:07 this room that’s like literally, I mean, it holds like six people max, you know, and it’s
    0:15:09 like this tiny little closet of a bar.
    0:15:13 And she has been standing behind that bar for 40 plus years.
    0:15:15 And she’s still there.
    0:15:17 And she’s got like a little Wim Wenders poster up on the wall.
    0:15:20 And, you know, she’s kind of immortalized in that film.
    0:15:25 So it was then that in the 80s and the 90s, and I started going there around 2000.
    0:15:28 And it was still like, should I be here?
    0:15:29 I mean, it was very shady.
    0:15:33 It was sort of like, you know, you kind of had to really work your way into these shops.
    0:15:39 And then about 10 years ago, with the tourism boom starting here and like really resurgent,
    0:15:45 or really for the first time ever, Japan having a mega tourism boom began about 10 years ago.
    0:15:47 People found Golden Guy because of social media.
    0:15:51 It’s now like you go there and everyone’s just Instagramming and live streaming.
    0:15:53 And it’s a circus, basically.
    0:15:54 I haven’t been in a while.
    0:15:56 It’s really painful to go to now.
    0:15:58 Yeah, that sounds rough.
    0:16:00 I would go to Golden Guy.
    0:16:04 I would go to Otokichi or Brain Busters, I think was the bar that I used to go to.
    0:16:05 It’s not there anymore.
    0:16:08 And I’d have a few drinks.
    0:16:09 And then I’d walk home.
    0:16:15 And I’d just like walk home with this like really wistful, you know, kind of like floaty feeling.
    0:16:16 And just, I don’t know.
    0:16:19 Those were really special, weird walks for me when I was that young.
    0:16:21 It was teaching me something.
    0:16:25 I’m adding a footnote to this, which is just a recommendation for folks.
    0:16:33 Since you invoked the demon of social media by mentioning it, I will mention someone I found on Instagram,
    0:16:41 even though I haven’t had any social apps on my phone for two years because it’s like having heroin around the house.
    0:16:47 There is a website, Timusphoto, T-E-E-M-U-Sphoto.com.
    0:16:56 And it is almost entirely nighttime shots of Japan and urban Japan.
    0:17:00 And it gives you actually a very, he loves rain.
    0:17:02 It is not always raining in Japan.
    0:17:03 Yeah.
    0:17:06 But these are beautiful shots.
    0:17:09 Talks about his setup and which camera he uses, et cetera.
    0:17:12 But it is a really beautiful compilation.
    0:17:20 And if you browse through, you’ll get some of the feeling that Craig is referring to.
    0:17:20 All right.
    0:17:30 So where does Craig go from alcohol and golden guy walks to something more, what would we call it?
    0:17:31 Epic?
    0:17:32 Yeah, epic.
    0:17:33 Truly epic.
    0:17:38 So I co-authored slash co-produced a book called Art Space Tokyo.
    0:17:41 And it came out 2007, 2008.
    0:17:45 And then we reprinted it with a Kickstarter in 2010.
    0:17:47 It was one of the first book Kickstarters, actually.
    0:17:50 So it was kind of this novel thing to do.
    0:17:54 And I met this guy through doing that, this other art-related guy named John McBride.
    0:17:56 A mutual friend connected us.
    0:17:59 And we sat down for breakfast at like 10 a.m.
    0:18:01 And we didn’t get up till like 5 p.m.
    0:18:05 It was just like instant, like, just like, go, go, go, go, go.
    0:18:06 He’s 20 years older than me.
    0:18:09 And he’s just lived this kind of really incredible, rich, interesting life.
    0:18:15 When he was 17, 18, 19, he was a Monbushu scholarship student here in Japan.
    0:18:16 He went to Gaigodai.
    0:18:19 That’s the Ministry of Education, right?
    0:18:22 And he had like a full scholarship.
    0:18:25 And he was just a Japanese student at a Japanese university, basically.
    0:18:26 He’s Australian.
    0:18:30 And while he was doing that, he started doing walks because as a literature professor,
    0:18:32 they were reading things like Basho.
    0:18:35 And he wanted to understand what was Basho seeing.
    0:18:37 So he went and did like the Okunohosomichi walk.
    0:18:39 You know, the road to the north.
    0:18:41 And he went and he walked the Tokaido.
    0:18:43 And he went and he walked Shikoku.
    0:18:45 So he started doing all this when he was really young.
    0:18:49 And then he had this whole career, this wild career, incredible, ridiculous career.
    0:18:53 And right around the time we met, he started getting back into walking.
    0:18:58 And in 2013, he invited me to come and do Kumano Kodo with him.
    0:19:01 And I had never heard of Kumano Kodo.
    0:19:02 I had never heard of any of this stuff.
    0:19:04 I didn’t even really know what the Tokaido was.
    0:19:07 I knew there was a Shinkansen that was called the Tokaido Shinkansen.
    0:19:09 I didn’t really know what the Nakasendo was.
    0:19:10 I didn’t know what any of this stuff was.
    0:19:14 And basically, John was like, hey, come, let’s do some research.
    0:19:15 Like, it’ll be interesting.
    0:19:26 And he brought me to Koya-san, which is this Shingon Buddhist sort of epicenter in, I think it’s just in Nara prefecture, but it’s on the Key Peninsula.
    0:19:28 It’s part of Kumano Kodo.
    0:19:31 And I was just blown away.
    0:19:39 I mean, Koya-san is one of the most amazing, beautiful, power spot places I think I’d ever been.
    0:19:57 And Kumano Kodo, for people, just to wrap a little context around that, it is, well, I’ll keep it simple and let you fill in the gaps, but it’s more than a pilgrimage trail.
    0:20:05 It’s like a pilgrimage delta of sorts, but you’re going up the delta as opposed to out to the ocean in a sense.
    0:20:14 And it is the, if I’m getting this right, World Heritage Site, Sister Pilgrimage Trail to the Camino de Santiago.
    0:20:16 Am I getting that right?
    0:20:16 Right.
    0:20:17 Yeah, yeah, yeah.
    0:20:24 So when you get a stamp book for one on the opposite side of that piece of paper that’s folded, you have the other pilgrimage trail.
    0:20:26 Exactly.
    0:20:29 So yeah, there’s only two UNESCO World Heritage Pilgrimage Trails in the world.
    0:20:33 It’s Compostela de Santiago and then Kumano Kodo.
    0:20:36 Actually, this year is the 20th anniversary of them getting the UNESCO.
    0:20:39 So there’s all these banners and they’re very excited.
    0:20:43 The Kumano Kodo is very confusing because it’s a network of trails.
    0:20:49 So there’s Kohechi, Nakahechi, Ohechi, Iseiji, and Omine Okugakemichi.
    0:20:51 So those are kind of like the five main ones.
    0:20:52 Everybody get that?
    0:21:01 And the problem is, is like when people are like, oh, I went and did Kumano Kodo, they’ve 99.99% of the time they walked what’s called the Nakahechi.
    0:21:07 And it’s a very cool bit, but it’s a very, very, very tiny bit of the whole.
    0:21:12 But that’s an interesting, we can talk more about it if you want, but it’s an interesting exercise in branding.
    0:21:18 Like how the Nakahechi became the thing that all essentially foreigners would come to do to do the Kumano Kodo.
    0:21:21 Let’s sidebar, how the hell did that happen?
    0:21:28 I’m super curious because I did part of the Nakahechi with my brother long ago.
    0:21:40 And if we were to, as we did, go to a guiding company in Japan and say, we want to do the Kumano Kodo, then lo and behold, that’s where we end up.
    0:21:42 So how did that happen?
    0:21:53 So essentially, it’s about prefectural investment in infrastructure and like sort of inbound facing books, guides, websites, things like that.
    0:22:00 And Wakayama Prefecture, and actually the city of Tanabe in particular, had a, I think he’s Canadian, this guy named Brad.
    0:22:03 He’s kind of like this epic, I’ve never met him.
    0:22:04 I’ve never met Brad.
    0:22:06 It’s like Madonna, Brad.
    0:22:10 Brad ended up living in Tanabe City for some reason for like a jet program.
    0:22:13 And right around the time, I guess, when it got the UNESCO.
    0:22:16 This is an English teaching program, right?
    0:22:18 English teaching program that kind of puts you in the countryside.
    0:22:20 You know, you kind of come to Japan.
    0:22:21 You don’t live in Tokyo.
    0:22:21 You don’t live in Osaka.
    0:22:23 You get far flung.
    0:22:29 And so he ended up in Tanabe and it was right when the UNESCO thing happened and he just ran.
    0:22:32 He became like the, he’s like, I’m going to make all the English literature.
    0:22:33 I’m going to do it.
    0:22:35 And they just focused on that Nakahechi bit.
    0:22:36 And so that just became it.
    0:22:41 You know, Wakayama put the money in, they put up the signs, they made the pamphlets.
    0:22:47 It’s, they worked with the tour agencies and, you know, they kind of won the, won the tourist
    0:22:47 bucks.
    0:22:49 So that’s amazing.
    0:22:54 So John brought me to Koyasan and that just activated like everything in my body about like
    0:22:56 things I want to explore.
    0:22:58 I didn’t know the side of Japan existed.
    0:23:01 These archetypes that you have or don’t have these mentors that you have or don’t have that
    0:23:03 open up entirely new pathways.
    0:23:09 And this one little trip was sort of like, oh my God, there’s this network of pilgrimage
    0:23:10 trails and there’s these other trails.
    0:23:13 And then I just became immediately addicted to it.
    0:23:16 Like instantly, instantly had to do all of them.
    0:23:19 What grabbed you?
    0:23:20 Right.
    0:23:21 What had teeth?
    0:23:27 What was it that took a pit bull grasp on your mind or soul and wouldn’t let go?
    0:23:31 It was the combination of incredible fecundity.
    0:23:31 We’ll use that word again.
    0:23:34 Fecundity of the nature.
    0:23:39 I mean, it’s just, you know, the Key Peninsula is one of the wettest places on the planet.
    0:23:42 Actually, it gets more rainfall than the Amazon and you just feel it.
    0:23:45 I mean, it is just green and mossy and lush.
    0:23:52 This is what you described, I think, as the dangling penis of Japan in the last conversation.
    0:23:55 It’s a moist, dangling penis of Japan.
    0:23:58 So there’s just this incredible richness of nature.
    0:24:00 The air was amazing.
    0:24:04 The religious and spiritual syncretism that’s happening there.
    0:24:09 And one of the reasons why it’s UNESCO World Heritage is that Japan, throughout most of its
    0:24:12 history, Buddhism and Shinto, Shinto is the native religion.
    0:24:18 The sort of animist, native Japanese sort of spiritual philosophy, theology.
    0:24:24 Shinto, which are shrines, and Buddhism, which is temples, they used to coexist extremely
    0:24:27 peacefully and they often would be on the same grounds.
    0:24:34 And then the Meiji Restoration happened in part of essentially imbuing or creating this
    0:24:35 God narrative around the emperor.
    0:24:37 They said, hey, we have to split these things.
    0:24:38 We want Shinto to be stronger.
    0:24:40 This is like a very TLDR.
    0:24:44 And so Buddhism and Shinto were forcibly split and a lot of temples were destroyed.
    0:24:50 And what was special about the Kii Peninsula was because it was so kind of far away from
    0:24:53 Edo, it’s so far away from Tokyo, they kind of didn’t split.
    0:24:56 So it’s one of these places, there’s a few places left in Japan.
    0:25:02 Yamagata has Dewa Sanzan, which is the three mountains of Dewa, which also has a lot of
    0:25:03 syncretic history that’s still present.
    0:25:07 And Kumano Kodo is also very syncretic between Shinto and Buddhism.
    0:25:09 So that was exciting to see that.
    0:25:11 It just felt great.
    0:25:12 The ceremonies are amazing.
    0:25:14 The temples are amazing.
    0:25:17 You can do Shikubo, which is what’s called when you stay at a temple.
    0:25:19 Very easy to do, very affordable.
    0:25:22 The graveyard up in Koi San was just astounding.
    0:25:24 One of the absolute most beautiful places.
    0:25:27 So peaceful.
    0:25:29 And it’s like all these like shogunates and daimyo.
    0:25:33 It’s like the Hollywood Walk of Fame for like Japanese samurai.
    0:25:36 It’s pretty interesting.
    0:25:40 So I want to give people just a little bit of context real quick.
    0:25:45 So Meiji Restoration, this says it began around 1868.
    0:25:50 This marked the end of the Tokugawa shogunate and restoration of imperial rule.
    0:25:55 And then that was also, correct me if I’m getting this wrong, but sort of a signpost
    0:26:02 and an opening for a lot of the rapid modernization and transformation of Japan
    0:26:08 that we think of even extending into the mid-1900s.
    0:26:12 And then one last thing, I just want to say, Basho, for people who were like, who the hell
    0:26:13 was that?
    0:26:14 You mentioned it briefly.
    0:26:17 I don’t know who the other foreigner was who was wandering around Japan.
    0:26:20 I’m blanking on his name, but he was like, I want to see what Basho saw.
    0:26:22 Was John.
    0:26:23 Yes, right.
    0:26:24 My buddy John.
    0:26:27 The most famous Japanese poet of the Edo period.
    0:26:30 And he put haiku on the map.
    0:26:34 He put haiku on the guy who made haiku cool.
    0:26:36 And there you have it.
    0:26:39 Tell me if I’m getting my timelines right.
    0:26:46 Did part of the appeal of these trails coincide, or maybe it was just reinforced at a later
    0:26:53 point by you getting sober and deciding to run and move around in that way?
    0:26:56 Or did that come later?
    0:26:57 For sure.
    0:26:57 Yeah.
    0:26:59 And this is an extension of that for sure.
    0:27:05 I think getting sober and that stint I had living in Palo Alto and kind of just upping,
    0:27:09 like we were talking about self-worth, the sense of scarcity, getting rid of that sense
    0:27:12 of scarcity, creating more senses of abundance in your life.
    0:27:14 I felt a real abundance here, you know?
    0:27:19 And then also watching John, because John is this, I mean, truly, I don’t think anyone’s
    0:27:23 had more of a bigger, more positive impact on my life than John.
    0:27:27 And in my book that’s coming out in May, that things become other things, he’s featured
    0:27:29 heavily in it as kind of this background character.
    0:27:31 We started doing walks together.
    0:27:36 We’d spend like weeks and months together every year in starting about 2012, 2013.
    0:27:38 We do, okay, let’s do this walk.
    0:27:39 Let’s do this trip.
    0:27:39 Let’s do this.
    0:27:40 And it was just so easy.
    0:27:42 We just traveled together effortlessly.
    0:27:46 It was like one of these things where it just totally on the same wavelength, completely
    0:27:48 copacetic, just totally easy.
    0:27:56 And I would watch John and John’s Japanese is so exceptional, so perfect, so high register
    0:28:00 imperial because, so he started doing tea ceremony when he was like 19 in Kyoto.
    0:28:05 They had like a super hard to get into tea ceremony temple.
    0:28:07 He just kept knocking on the door until they finally let him in.
    0:28:09 And he’s been doing that for 40 years.
    0:28:17 He was the CEO of Sky TV, which was Rupert Murdoch’s first cable satellite network that was
    0:28:18 launched out of Japan.
    0:28:19 He ran that for 10 years.
    0:28:23 He is just operating at this extremely high level.
    0:28:24 So we would be walking.
    0:28:26 We’d be doing these, you know, walking the kohichi, walking the nakahichi.
    0:28:32 And I would watch him interact with farmers and I’d watch him interact with locals.
    0:28:42 And I had never seen someone move people through the use of polite language and curiosity about
    0:28:48 their history, curiosity about what was happening nearby, what had happened nearby.
    0:28:55 And watching everyone become our ally in this way that was so profound and exciting, that
    0:28:56 was another big part of it.
    0:28:59 Because I was trying to figure out, what am I doing in Japan?
    0:29:01 Because I wasn’t working for Japanese companies.
    0:29:04 I didn’t have a partner then.
    0:29:08 And I was like, okay, I have the language ability and this is my base.
    0:29:10 But like, what am I really doing here?
    0:29:14 And spending that time with John and watching him move through these old roads, these pilgrimage
    0:29:19 routes and ensorcel everybody that we met with this love.
    0:29:20 It’s sorcel.
    0:29:21 Craig, you just GRE’d me.
    0:29:23 What does that mean?
    0:29:26 You know, just do a little magic trick on them.
    0:29:28 Oh, I’m going to use that.
    0:29:30 Totally pull them over to your side.
    0:29:32 It’s a magic trick just to use that word.
    0:29:35 It was so profound for me to watch that happen.
    0:29:37 And then I started emulating it.
    0:29:42 And then basically that became a foundation for me after, I’d say it took me about three
    0:29:46 years before I felt like I had studied enough with John to start walking on my own.
    0:29:49 So it wasn’t until about 2015, 2016.
    0:29:54 And how much of the studying was routes, where to stay, and how much of that was the interaction
    0:29:55 piece?
    0:29:59 I’d say it was like 80% interaction and 20% routes.
    0:30:05 Just a quick thanks to one of our sponsors and we’ll be right back to the show.
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    0:31:29 This is going to get nerdy, but a lot of my listeners are nerdy, so they might enjoy it.
    0:31:37 You mentioned politely speaking, and I don’t want to gloss over this because politely speaking
    0:31:40 in the US is like, please, thank you.
    0:31:41 Yes, sir.
    0:31:42 Yes, ma’am.
    0:31:45 There’s a lot more to it in Japanese, right?
    0:31:46 You have kegol.
    0:31:51 You have exalting language, which you can use to put the person on a higher pedestal.
    0:31:52 You have humbling language.
    0:31:56 You’ve got a million grades.
    0:31:58 You have this whole spectrum in between.
    0:32:05 There are entire books written on how to write short letters that are polite at the right level
    0:32:07 with the right combination of ingredients.
    0:32:19 What made the language that he used so enchanting maybe, so recruiting for the people he interacted
    0:32:20 with in the countryside?
    0:32:24 I think it was like, okay, he had spent 40 years doing tea ceremony.
    0:32:29 And tea ceremony, by the way, is not just like five minutes, you fold a handkerchief,
    0:32:29 you pour some tea, you’re done.
    0:32:33 It’s like six, seven, eight hours, like a full tea ceremony.
    0:32:38 And you’re cooking meals, and you’re presenting stuff, and it’s a really involved thing.
    0:32:40 And so there’s a lot of language connected with tea ceremony.
    0:32:45 So first of all, he’d just been studying this kind of imperial tea ceremony language.
    0:32:50 And then I think being a CEO, where 100% of his interactions were in Japanese,
    0:32:54 I mean, he just learned to talk at a CEO level with everyone.
    0:32:59 So we’re walking through, we’re meeting farmers, and he’s treating them with the same reverence
    0:33:04 he would treat Sonsan, the CEO of SoftBank, with whom he’d have breakfast with once a week
    0:33:06 or whatever when he was writing his thing.
    0:33:10 And so I think these people, first of all, were just blown away that we could speak Japanese
    0:33:11 to begin with.
    0:33:16 But then secondly, that they were being seen in a way that they had never been seen before.
    0:33:20 They felt, I think, elevated in a way that no one had ever elevated them before.
    0:33:23 And kind of weirdly, no Japanese person would probably think to elevate them.
    0:33:31 And John, I think, just has this intuitive sense of how to make people feel great.
    0:33:33 And he wants, it comes from this totally genuine place.
    0:33:39 And he’s so encyclopedically versed about the history of the area.
    0:33:42 So he’ll be asking questions, these deep historical questions.
    0:33:44 And you can just see people so moved by it.
    0:33:46 Like, oh my god, this person really cares about where we are.
    0:33:51 And then on top of that, he’s just using verb conjugations.
    0:33:54 Or like, you know, they’ll give us, they’ll say, would you like some tea?
    0:33:59 And he’ll be like, oh my god, it would be my most cherished honor to accept your humble tea.
    0:34:02 You know, like basically something like that in Japanese, which doesn’t sound,
    0:34:04 you say it in English and you’re like, all right, shut up, you dickhead.
    0:34:10 But like, in Japanese, if you could do it, if you do it the right way, it’s sort of like, wow.
    0:34:10 Oh, wow.
    0:34:11 Okay, cool.
    0:34:12 This person gets it.
    0:34:12 Wow.
    0:34:13 Okay, yeah, come on in.
    0:34:20 So that was profound to see because like, look, I come from a place where we spoke.
    0:34:23 It’s like working class, potty mouth to the max.
    0:34:24 I grew up with that.
    0:34:28 And then I got to Tokyo and I studied or whatever, but they weren’t teaching us tea ceremony Japanese
    0:34:29 at school.
    0:34:30 And I was playing music.
    0:34:31 And so I was in the studio.
    0:34:32 I was in clubs.
    0:34:35 You know, I learned that like Yakuza Japanese.
    0:34:41 It was that golden guy drinking with guys who were like missing pinky fingers and stuff.
    0:34:43 So like a lot of people speak Japanese.
    0:34:44 This is the danger.
    0:34:47 It’s like, you don’t speak Japanese, that opens a lot of doors.
    0:34:49 You speak a little bit and people are like delighted that you speak a little bit.
    0:34:54 Then once you cross a threshold, they expect more of you and then you don’t hit that politeness.
    0:34:56 And then you’re kind of insulting in a weird way.
    0:35:03 Yeah, you know enough for them to take it personally when you don’t get the politeness right.
    0:35:04 Yeah, for them to be like, yeah, why aren’t you?
    0:35:06 You could level up a little more for me, I think.
    0:35:12 So I was not polite, but I was definitely not in the super polite zone.
    0:35:16 So I would say in the last decade, my Japanese went up multiple, multiple levels.
    0:35:21 Thanks to, again, you know, like we were talking about in the previous episode about having people
    0:35:24 near you that are better than you, just a couple levels better than you.
    0:35:25 And then you learn so much from that.
    0:35:28 So when I travel with John, like I don’t say anything.
    0:35:30 I’m just listening, taking notes the whole time.
    0:35:33 You know, it’s like, oh yeah, wow, you can say that.
    0:35:34 Oh shit, you can say that?
    0:35:34 Cool.
    0:35:35 Okay, yeah, that’s amazing.
    0:35:36 That’s so cool.
    0:35:47 And just to underscore the complexity of this, a lot of younger generation native Japanese speakers
    0:35:53 have trouble with a lot of this politeness and they screw it up and they make mistakes.
    0:36:00 And you could probably give a good example, but the more polite you get, and that can take
    0:36:03 a number of forms, the longer everything gets.
    0:36:05 So, right?
    0:36:05 Yeah.
    0:36:08 So you would have like, I’m trying to think of a good example.
    0:36:13 I’m not going to be great at this because it’s been a hundred years, but this also doesn’t
    0:36:14 translate well to English.
    0:36:15 None of it translates well.
    0:36:21 But I remember my friend’s father, who is from New Zealand, but worked in Japan for like
    0:36:22 15 years.
    0:36:28 He was somewhere, I want to say in the US, and these Japanese businessmen came in and
    0:36:29 they were speaking Japanese.
    0:36:39 And he very politely sort of edged into the conversation and was like, thank you so much for indulging
    0:36:42 me with your beautiful Japanese, you know, effectively.
    0:36:45 It’s a bad translation, but it was like,
    0:36:49 you know, that kind of thing.
    0:36:49 Yeah.
    0:36:50 Yeah.
    0:36:53 Which otherwise would be super, super, super short.
    0:36:54 I don’t know if I fucked that up, but.
    0:36:54 No.
    0:36:57 And for the listeners out there, like Tim’s Japanese is very, very good.
    0:36:58 Like very, very good.
    0:37:01 You’re doing well.
    0:37:02 Thank you.
    0:37:02 Yeah.
    0:37:03 Thanks.
    0:37:06 It’s been 25 years, more, 27 years.
    0:37:07 I got to get back.
    0:37:07 You’ve inspired me.
    0:37:13 So quick sidebar in Japan, you know, like a lot of folks here are like, what do we all
    0:37:13 look the same?
    0:37:18 Like an Asian person might say, because white people have sometimes trouble or just non-Asians
    0:37:19 have trouble telling some Asians apart.
    0:37:22 But when I was in Japan, they were like, you know who you look like?
    0:37:24 I had two people say this to me, but different celebrities.
    0:37:26 And I was like, no, who do I look like?
    0:37:27 And they’re like, Harrison Ford.
    0:37:30 And I was like, I’m not sure about that.
    0:37:38 But John, when you say his Japanese is very good, that makes me kind of take a step back
    0:37:47 because when we walked in Japan, I was taking notes and you had adopted the John playbook
    0:37:53 so well that whether it was a farmer we bumped into or in the case, and we’ll get to this,
    0:37:59 I’m sure, of a small semi ghost town that we would walk through and the mayor would chase
    0:38:09 us down and give us all little plush town mascots.
    0:38:11 That’s another thing we could talk about.
    0:38:15 In any case, just incredibly impressed with your Japanese.
    0:38:23 And yes, you’ve been there a long time, but it seems to me like the vast majority of folks
    0:38:28 who live in Japan, even if they’re there for a long time as non-natives, really do not learn
    0:38:29 much Japanese.
    0:38:30 That’s my impression.
    0:38:35 Maybe that’s unfair, but at least the vast majority of people I know who have moved there
    0:38:36 barely speak a lick.
    0:38:38 Yeah, you have to commit.
    0:38:39 I do think there’s a new generation.
    0:38:45 I mean, I think now we’re seeing more and more people who are really great at Japanese who
    0:38:47 are coming in and just sort of existing.
    0:38:52 I mean, I think YouTube is just full of people that speak amazing Japanese now and stuff like
    0:38:52 that.
    0:38:53 So I think there’s this new generation.
    0:38:59 And actually, I mean, part of what this book also kind of talks about is being, I feel like
    0:39:05 I’m one of the first true immigrants to choose to not live in America, to choose to leave America,
    0:39:09 to look out into the world and be like, where do I want to live and have America not be that
    0:39:09 place?
    0:39:11 And I think we’re seeing more of that.
    0:39:16 And I just, anecdotally, from my experience, I’ve been encountering more and more incredible,
    0:39:23 super talented, brilliant, great Japanese-speaking foreigners here in the last five or six years
    0:39:25 than I have certainly 15 or 20 years ago.
    0:39:31 And I think there was, in the 80s and 90s, the expat trope was, you come here, you teach
    0:39:35 English, you make an insane amount of money doing that, and you don’t really learn any Japanese
    0:39:36 besides bar Japanese.
    0:39:39 And I think that was very, very common for many people.
    0:39:45 Yeah, my reference point might be outdated, because I was there in 92, back in the Pliocene
    0:39:50 era, and that was like peak David Spector days, right?
    0:39:58 Where it’s like, if you looked exceptionally non-Japanese and spoke pretty good conversational
    0:40:04 Japanese, you ended up on television as, you know, gaijin talento, like foreigner talent.
    0:40:06 Okay, let’s get back to the walks.
    0:40:08 I took us on a huge side quest.
    0:40:16 When did, after studying at the knee of John and getting comfortable with doing these walks
    0:40:18 on your own, what form did that take?
    0:40:22 And what purpose did it serve for you?
    0:40:25 I was doing these, and I was just having such an incredible time doing it.
    0:40:29 And I started kind of writing about it a little bit on my blog, or I’d tweet about it or something.
    0:40:31 And actually, Kevin Kelly reached out.
    0:40:35 And he said, hey, I’m going to be giving a talk in Tokyo.
    0:40:36 Now you know who he was.
    0:40:37 Now I, yeah, yeah.
    0:40:39 He had walked to Pacifica a couple times.
    0:40:41 He’s like, hey, I’m giving a talk in Tokyo.
    0:40:42 I’d love to walk part of the Nakasendo.
    0:40:46 And I’d done Nakasendo with John a couple of times, like bits of it.
    0:40:47 I was like, great.
    0:40:48 Like, let’s walk it together.
    0:40:49 So me and you.
    0:40:53 And so to prepare for that, I went and walked a little chunk of it on my own.
    0:40:54 I was like, okay, this is good.
    0:40:55 I want to make sure I don’t kill Kevin Kelly.
    0:40:57 And we set that up and we did that walk.
    0:41:00 And that was probably 2014, 2015.
    0:41:05 And it was so much fun that just the two of us, and we were like, oh my God, we need to
    0:41:07 invite more people to do stuff like this.
    0:41:09 So we did.
    0:41:16 So in 2016, and then I was thinking about, at this point, I was like, these walks, there’s
    0:41:19 a richness here because like just the people you’re meeting, the conversations that you’re
    0:41:23 having, the photographs that I was taking, the stories I was hearing.
    0:41:25 I was like, I want to give shape to these things.
    0:41:25 They’re so immaterial.
    0:41:27 Like you do the walk and it disappears.
    0:41:29 It kind of, it just goes up in the air like smoke.
    0:41:30 And I was like, I want to do a book.
    0:41:34 And so Dan Rubin is a photographer friend of mine from ages ago.
    0:41:36 And I was like, Dan, let’s walk the Kumano Kodo.
    0:41:42 And we’ll do like eight days, nine days, and we’ll photograph it.
    0:41:46 And then we’ll hide in a farmhouse and we’ll be in the farmhouse for a week.
    0:41:48 And we have to produce the entire photo book in that week.
    0:41:49 And it’s like, we just have to time boxes.
    0:41:50 We’re busy people.
    0:41:51 Like, we just got to do this.
    0:41:55 Because I just wanted to, these walks just really demanded, like, give them a shape,
    0:41:56 give them a shape.
    0:41:56 This is 2016.
    0:41:59 What do you mean by give them a shape?
    0:42:04 Give them a form, like make them immutable in some way because they were just so immaterial.
    0:42:09 And so, yeah, I was like, okay, what’s like the most minimum viable shape you can give it?
    0:42:11 And it’s like a photo book kind of felt like that.
    0:42:12 And so we did it.
    0:42:13 We did the walk.
    0:42:14 We hid in a farmhouse.
    0:42:17 We made the book, kickstarted it, you know, sold it, did really well.
    0:42:20 And that activated something in me too.
    0:42:24 It reminded me of how much I love books because it had been a while since I had made a book book.
    0:42:32 And then Kevin brought over Hugh Howie, who’s the author of the Silo series and the Silo Apple TV show.
    0:42:34 Wool and all of that.
    0:42:35 Wool, all that.
    0:42:39 So Kevin, Hugh, and I then walked the Kumano Kodo in the fall of 2016.
    0:42:42 And that was so much fun.
    0:42:44 And we were like, oh my God, we got to do this with like bigger groups.
    0:42:49 So it was this really organic kind of escalation of like, okay, you know, this is an interesting thing.
    0:42:55 But at the same time, like as much as I enjoyed being with these people, I was doing these exploratory walks on my own.
    0:43:02 And I realized that there was definitely a register or a tenor of the walk that only existed when I was alone.
    0:43:04 And I wanted to explore that more.
    0:43:08 And then that is what really kicked off the big solo walks.
    0:43:10 Let’s hear about it.
    0:43:15 And maybe you could include your discussion of your rules of walking.
    0:43:21 The first, I would say, big, true walk I did was 2019.
    0:43:23 I had just launched my membership program.
    0:43:31 Basically, in 2018, I’d spent the year working on a bunch of magazine articles about walking in Japan that got rejected from every magazine.
    0:43:33 And I got ghosted by editors.
    0:43:36 And I was in this really depressed kind of space.
    0:43:38 And I had been doing the writing residencies.
    0:43:39 I had been working on a novel that I couldn’t sell.
    0:43:41 Anyway, there’s a bunch of stuff going on.
    0:43:42 And I was like, I didn’t.
    0:43:43 A daughter who leaves her father?
    0:43:44 No, I’m kidding.
    0:43:51 That was after I had all the bottles of Nihon shoes sitting around.
    0:43:54 So it was the end of 2018.
    0:43:56 I was like, what should I do?
    0:43:59 And I did Zoom calls with every journalist friend I had.
    0:44:02 And they’re like, Craig, you have an audience.
    0:44:04 I had a newsletter that was mildly popular.
    0:44:05 They’re like, you have an audience.
    0:44:06 You know what you want to write about.
    0:44:08 Just launch a membership program.
    0:44:12 And at that time, Substack was sort of nascent.
    0:44:15 And subscriptions were kind of becoming a thing.
    0:44:16 And Memberful had launched.
    0:44:17 And Patreon had launched.
    0:44:20 And people were kind of okay with the idea.
    0:44:22 So I launched a membership program in January 2019.
    0:44:28 And then it took me a little while.
    0:44:35 But within a few months, I was deriving a certain permission from the fact that people were paying me to be a walker.
    0:44:36 But essentially, that was the pitch.
    0:44:38 It was like, you don’t get anything by joining this membership program.
    0:44:39 Now you get a ton of stuff.
    0:44:43 Like, if you join the membership program now, you get like 120 hours of video.
    0:44:46 Like, there’s so much stuff you get access to.
    0:44:49 At the time, it was, I’m going to walk and tell you about it.
    0:44:51 This is like NPR.
    0:44:53 I’m going to walk and I’m going to write about it.
    0:44:54 And like, you’re funding that.
    0:44:57 And enough people joined where it was like, okay, this is a thing.
    0:45:00 And so for my first big walk, I did Nakasendo.
    0:45:02 So, you know, I have a place.
    0:45:05 I was based mainly in Kamakura then.
    0:45:07 And so I walked Kamakura up to Tokyo.
    0:45:15 Tokyo all the way up through Saitama, Nagano into Gifu, all the way to Kyoto.
    0:45:17 And then from Kyoto, I ended up going down.
    0:45:20 I walked some other bits in the Ki Peninsula.
    0:45:22 But the main thing was the Nakasendo.
    0:45:23 What distance are we talking?
    0:45:25 What does that add up to?
    0:45:26 It took 30 days.
    0:45:29 And I want to say it was about 600 kilometers, something like that.
    0:45:31 It was a pretty, it was a serious walk.
    0:45:37 Which is roughly 373 miles, just for people to put that in perspective.
    0:45:43 And up until then, the longest solo thing I had done was about seven or eight days.
    0:45:45 So this felt like a pretty big jump.
    0:45:49 And it was really hard.
    0:45:51 I was doing, I miscalculated all the distances.
    0:45:53 I like underestimated.
    0:45:56 By day four, I was like, oh my God.
    0:45:57 What am I going to do?
    0:45:59 I didn’t really even know how to wear my backpack properly.
    0:46:00 It was like cutting into my shoulders.
    0:46:02 I wasn’t doing the waist strap.
    0:46:05 So I was wildly under-experienced.
    0:46:06 I should have known better.
    0:46:08 But the days, you know, I was doing like 30, 40K days.
    0:46:09 I was in shock.
    0:46:10 My body was in shock.
    0:46:12 And every night I was publishing a little thing.
    0:46:13 I was publishing a photo.
    0:46:15 And I ran this SMS experiment.
    0:46:21 I had this thesis that people were kind of tired of email and people were tired of social
    0:46:21 media.
    0:46:25 And like the most intimate space on the phone was kind of your SMS messaging app.
    0:46:31 So I built a one-to-many SMS tool that would allow me to publish every night.
    0:46:35 Everyone could subscribe, put their numbers into this thing, and they would get an SMS from
    0:46:37 me every night at the end of the day.
    0:46:38 And it’d be a photo.
    0:46:40 It’d be like a little, like three sentences about the day.
    0:46:45 And so I did that and you could respond to it, but I couldn’t see the responses.
    0:46:47 So wait, what is it?
    0:46:49 If you couldn’t see the responses, what happened to them?
    0:46:50 So, so, so, so, so hold on.
    0:46:50 So hold on.
    0:46:53 The responses were being collected in this database.
    0:46:54 Okay, there we go.
    0:47:00 And then I hired, I hired, I hired a designer to lay it all out for me in a print-on-demand
    0:47:00 book.
    0:47:05 And all of the responses, my little photo of the day, my little like three sentences, and
    0:47:07 then all the responses for the day would be laid out in a book.
    0:47:09 And I had no idea how many there were.
    0:47:12 And then the idea was that at the end of the walk, I would come home and the book would
    0:47:13 be waiting for me at home.
    0:47:18 So I’d have this analog experience of like, I got home from the walk and the book was there
    0:47:20 and it was so incredible.
    0:47:24 It was thousands and thousands of these messages from people.
    0:47:30 And then I spent months writing essays, responding to all the questions and messages that people
    0:47:32 sent in there, like in putting that up on my blog.
    0:47:39 So it was this beautiful kind of like really long, the loops for social media are so tight.
    0:47:39 Right.
    0:47:41 There’s seconds you post, you get responses.
    0:47:43 And like, there’s something terrible about that.
    0:47:45 You don’t have any time to reflect.
    0:47:48 You don’t have any distance from the thing that you’re doing and what the expectations
    0:47:49 are on the part of your, your audience.
    0:47:55 And so to do this thing where there was basically a month built in where I wasn’t going to see
    0:47:57 these responses and then…
    0:47:58 Sorry, my dog’s vomiting.
    0:47:59 Give me a sec.
    0:48:03 That’s a new one for the podcast.
    0:48:04 I know.
    0:48:05 Okay.
    0:48:06 Sorry.
    0:48:08 Your dog hates SMS.
    0:48:09 Sure.
    0:48:09 Yeah.
    0:48:12 Give me a second to deal with this.
    0:48:17 Never had my dog vomit while I’m recording a podcast right next to me before.
    0:48:18 That’s a new one.
    0:48:20 This is the glamorous life of a podcaster, folks.
    0:48:21 All right.
    0:48:22 Give me, give me one second, man.
    0:48:23 Please don’t lose your, your place.
    0:48:25 Sorry, bud.
    0:48:26 That was gross.
    0:48:33 That could be worked into the, the intro.
    0:48:35 That’ll be like the cold open of the show.
    0:48:37 Okay.
    0:48:38 Where were we?
    0:48:41 So I got home and I got the responses and I got that book.
    0:48:42 Yeah.
    0:48:43 All right.
    0:48:45 Then you spent months responding and then the loops.
    0:48:46 That’s where it worked.
    0:48:50 Because it was, it ended up being this thing of like, oh, wow, actually these social media,
    0:48:55 the tightness of the social media loops feels really detrimental and there’s something really
    0:48:59 negative and there’s something being lost there and not having more time and space between
    0:49:02 very hurried call and response.
    0:49:02 Exactly.
    0:49:03 Exactly.
    0:49:07 And you, you felt it in the responses too, that everyone knew I wasn’t going to see them
    0:49:07 in real time.
    0:49:13 So there was some really moving things and people were very, it was all anonymous and people
    0:49:17 were very, I mean, it was almost like a confession booth for some people.
    0:49:21 I mean, you know, it was, it was shocking, you know, it was like, you know, like my mother
    0:49:25 just died yesterday and I’m thinking about this as, you know, I’m reading, you know, I’m
    0:49:28 getting your message and I’m thinking about where you are on the walk and it, thank you
    0:49:28 for doing this.
    0:49:32 And it was just like these, how people want to, you know, weave what you’re doing and you
    0:49:36 know, this kind of epic thing that you, this journey that you’re on and help them like put
    0:49:37 in perspective things that are happening.
    0:49:40 Anyway, it was good to see that and good to experience that.
    0:49:46 And that led me to think about my own rules for how I wanted to be when I walked.
    0:49:48 Let’s do it.
    0:49:49 Pregnant pause.
    0:49:55 Try to, we’ll be back after this commercial break.
    0:49:55 After.
    0:49:56 Yeah.
    0:50:00 I’m just, I’m just cognizant of the fact that like, sometimes I’m just in bloviation mode,
    0:50:02 but like the, basically here are my rules.
    0:50:03 No news.
    0:50:05 Good, good t-shirt.
    0:50:06 Bloviation mode.
    0:50:09 So my walk rules, you can’t read the news.
    0:50:11 You’re not allowed to read the news.
    0:50:12 There’s no social media.
    0:50:14 And by you, that means Craig.
    0:50:15 That means, yeah.
    0:50:19 If you’re walking or if I’m walking, I’m always talking about me in the third person.
    0:50:23 So you can’t read the news, you can’t do social media, you can’t touch any of that stuff.
    0:50:28 Basically the idea is to just be radically present, radically, radically present and radically
    0:50:32 cultivate like a boredom, an incredible sense of boredom and never teleport.
    0:50:37 I mean, I think one of the weirdest things about being a contemporary human is like, first of all,
    0:50:41 we’re never bored because we always have this stupid black mirror slab in our pocket, right?
    0:50:44 That’s like always distracting us with some other dopamine hit.
    0:50:47 And we’re constantly teleporting.
    0:50:51 If there’s any millimeter of friction, if there’s one millisecond of friction in your life,
    0:50:56 you just pull that stupid thing out and start sucking at the teat of whatever information,
    0:50:59 you know, cow is in there, right?
    0:51:04 So it’s kind of profound to feel boredom, you know?
    0:51:10 And actually, in 2015, 2016, I did a 10-day Vipassana retreat.
    0:51:15 And that was also foundational for me for thinking about this stuff.
    0:51:17 I don’t know if, have you ever done the 10-day?
    0:51:20 I have done a seven-day, not a 10-day.
    0:51:22 So maybe you experienced this on the seven-day.
    0:51:23 When did you do the seven-day?
    0:51:24 How old were you?
    0:51:29 I was, I want to say maybe, I think about this, 10 years ago?
    0:51:29 Something like that?
    0:51:30 Okay.
    0:51:31 So, yeah.
    0:51:33 Yeah, I guess, geez, 2015, 2016, 10 years ago.
    0:51:34 Would have been late 30s.
    0:51:35 Yeah.
    0:51:41 So, for me, when I went to the Vipassana in Kyoto, which was great, by the way, it was amazing.
    0:51:42 It was really well-run.
    0:51:44 Food was amazing.
    0:51:45 It was just great.
    0:51:50 It took me like three days, four days to arrive at the retreat center, like psychically.
    0:51:51 I just wasn’t there.
    0:51:54 It took me about a day to realize I was experiencing information withdrawal.
    0:51:57 Or stimulation withdrawal, too, right?
    0:51:59 Yeah, stimulation, information withdrawal.
    0:52:00 And I was getting angry.
    0:52:01 And I was like, what is it?
    0:52:02 Where is this anger coming from?
    0:52:05 You’re just sitting there for 10 hours a day, you know, observing your body,
    0:52:07 the physiological phenomenon that’s happening in your body.
    0:52:12 And I was just observing this anger and going, wow, this is so bizarre because I don’t know
    0:52:12 what’s triggering this.
    0:52:19 And I realized, oh, my God, I’m so addicted to information and just being stimulated by a
    0:52:20 phone or the internet or whatever.
    0:52:24 And so, getting over that three, four days in and then having all the mystical, you know,
    0:52:29 breaking down into particulate matter, which is something that I felt and could control by
    0:52:32 the end of my Vipassana retreat, it was pretty bizarre.
    0:52:37 And that feeling of attention control, which is, you know, basically what you’re learning
    0:52:41 when you do that, was foundational for, I think, a lot of, you know, these rules that
    0:52:43 I ended up applying to my walks.
    0:52:47 And so, the walks end up for me being, it’s weeks.
    0:52:50 It can be two, three, four, five, six weeks of walking.
    0:52:53 And what’s critical is the repetition.
    0:52:57 And what’s critical is actually the length, doing it every day, day after day after day.
    0:53:05 And being off those tight loops of social media and being radically present, not teleporting,
    0:53:06 saying hello to everybody.
    0:53:09 I force myself to say hello to every single person I see.
    0:53:14 And with photography, too, I kind of have these rules where I’m like, I have to take a portrait
    0:53:15 of someone before 10 a.m.
    0:53:17 Like I said, these really arbitrary rules.
    0:53:22 And I just find that by doing that, by setting a, not an unreasonable number of them, but
    0:53:24 like a few arbitrary rules, it really opens up the day.
    0:53:26 It kind of like really sets the tone.
    0:53:28 And, you know, it’d be like 9.55 in the morning.
    0:53:30 I’d be like, oh my God, I have to hit my 10 a.m.
    0:53:31 Portrait.
    0:53:34 No one’s holding me to this, but like, you know, I just feel this covenant I’ve made with
    0:53:34 myself.
    0:53:36 I can’t break the covenant.
    0:53:40 And I would just run into a shop, like there’d just be a shop next to me wherever I was on
    0:53:41 the road.
    0:53:43 It would be like a tatami shop in the middle of nowhere in Saitama.
    0:53:46 And I would just be like, hey, hi, can I please take your portrait, you know?
    0:53:50 And you would end up having this conversation, this incredible conversation.
    0:53:55 And it would fill you, what I found is it filled me with this sense of possibility and
    0:53:57 joy and fullness.
    0:54:00 And that just kept escalating.
    0:54:05 And I realized the Nakasendo walk was kind of the first big one, but I wasn’t operating
    0:54:07 at full walk mode yet.
    0:54:11 I was operating at about 65%, 70% walk mode for that first Nakasendo.
    0:54:22 And full walk mode for me is I get up at eight, I walk 20, 30, 40, sometimes 50K a day, carry
    0:54:23 my pack.
    0:54:25 Sometimes I have two, three, four cameras on me.
    0:54:26 Sometimes I’m shooting video.
    0:54:28 Sometimes I’m doing binaural audio stuff.
    0:54:30 I’m talking to people all day.
    0:54:34 I am dictating notes constantly.
    0:54:40 I find that when I cultivate that radical boredom, that radical sort of like in the momentness,
    0:54:43 my mind immediately just wants to write.
    0:54:45 I just, it can’t not write.
    0:54:47 And it’s just writing about what I’m seeing.
    0:54:53 And so I just, I set up like these series scripts to be able to dictate and not really have to
    0:54:54 interact with my phone.
    0:54:56 What do you mean by series scripts?
    0:55:00 So you can kind of do shortcuts in iOS now where you can sort of tap a button on your
    0:55:04 home screen and it appends to a note in notes.
    0:55:05 It does like a transcription.
    0:55:07 So you don’t have to interact with your phone.
    0:55:08 You can just like tap a button.
    0:55:09 You can set up.
    0:55:11 So it’s a Siri call out.
    0:55:11 You can do as well.
    0:55:14 And you just dictate and it transcribes it pretty well.
    0:55:18 I’m just walking and dictating and talking to myself like a crazy person.
    0:55:19 And I’ll see someone.
    0:55:20 I’ll interact with them.
    0:55:21 I’ll photograph them.
    0:55:23 I’ll have a 15 minute, 20 minute conversation.
    0:55:25 What was it like around here?
    0:55:26 Like, you know, what’s your background?
    0:55:27 What are your kids doing?
    0:55:28 Where do they live?
    0:55:28 What’s going on?
    0:55:31 You know, and just doing this all day long.
    0:55:35 I get to my in, I get to my hotel at like 5 p.m., 4 or 5 p.m.
    0:55:36 That’s the ideal.
    0:55:38 Start doing laundry.
    0:55:42 Oftentimes I’ll just grab something from the community because then I’m going to write and
    0:55:43 edit photos.
    0:55:44 Convini is a convenience store.
    0:55:45 Convenience store.
    0:55:47 Just grab a sandwich, grab an udon.
    0:55:53 And then I’m writing every night for four or five hours, writing and editing photos every
    0:55:53 single night.
    0:55:57 So I’m doing eight hours of walking and then I’m doing five hours of creative work every night.
    0:56:00 And I’m writing two, three, 4,000 words a night.
    0:56:02 And then publishing it as well.
    0:56:07 And that for me, that mode, that’s the max of what I can do.
    0:56:13 Eight hours of walking, talking, photographing people, being radically, totally bored and present.
    0:56:18 And then at night, just living in, because you forget so quickly.
    0:56:21 If you don’t write immediately, you really do.
    0:56:22 Things just like evaporate.
    0:56:27 Just everything you experienced and felt and saw that day, the highlights, a certain conversation.
    0:56:30 You know, I’ll be walking and there’ll be a conversation I have and I’ll be like,
    0:56:31 that is it.
    0:56:33 That’s the hook of the essay for tonight.
    0:56:35 This one moment, this one person, this one moment.
    0:56:41 And it just got me, first of all, it was this epic shugyo, which is ascetic training.
    0:56:46 So like mountain asceticism here in Japan, Yamabushi, is a certain kind of asceticism.
    0:56:51 And you train in the mountains and you do smoke inhalation training and you don’t sleep and
    0:56:52 you whatever.
    0:56:55 there’s like sleep deprivation and all sorts of stuff and fasting and whatnot.
    0:56:59 And I had concocted essentially with these walks, my own ascetic training.
    0:57:07 And if you spend 30 days doing that physical activity every day to that degree, your body
    0:57:08 changes.
    0:57:11 You become what I call a bobbing consciousness.
    0:57:18 Like by day 20, 25 on the road where you’re walking 20, 30, 40 K, your legs are just so powerful.
    0:57:24 And because you’re not teleporting, it feels like you are in a VR helmet that’s just floating
    0:57:25 down the road.
    0:57:26 It’s totally surreal.
    0:57:27 It’s totally bizarre.
    0:57:33 And then cranking out every night an essay, two, 3,000 words, editing photos.
    0:57:39 So creating this visual narrative mix, doing that every night, 30 days.
    0:57:43 And I’ve done now, you know, many, many walks where I’ve done this for multiple weeks and
    0:57:44 months at a time.
    0:57:49 You just develop this confidence that you can do that, which is wild.
    0:57:52 I think this is how newspaper people feel like in the olden days.
    0:57:56 You’re in there, you got your pencil in your, the thing comes in, you got 20 minutes to write
    0:57:57 the lead.
    0:57:58 You got to get this thing done.
    0:58:02 I feel like there was a version of journalism and newspaper writing that trained you in like
    0:58:07 the 60s, 70s, 80s, 50s, whatever, that is maybe harder to access today because we don’t
    0:58:11 kind of, maybe the newspaper room doesn’t work at such an insane kind of pace anymore.
    0:58:12 I don’t know.
    0:58:15 I haven’t worked in a newspaper, so I’m just talking on my butt, but doing these kind of
    0:58:21 weird aesthetic walk training exercises for me, it was like going to writing bootcamp.
    0:58:23 It was going to life bootcamp.
    0:58:29 And I would finish every day on these walks, get in bed and just feel that was the fullest
    0:58:33 possible way I could have experienced that day.
    0:58:38 Given the cards dealt to me of this day, there was no fuller version of this day.
    0:58:43 And feeling that over and over and over again and understanding what that fullness can be
    0:58:48 like when you come out of the walk, you bring that back to your everyday life, which you can’t
    0:58:53 operate at that intensity all the time, but you can bring back that archetype of what a full
    0:58:53 day feels like.
    0:58:58 And man, that bleeds into your relationships with your friendships of fullness, you know,
    0:59:02 with my stepdaughter, you know, with my family, with people I love.
    0:59:05 It is totally pulled back into that space of life.
    0:59:07 So it’s a pretty powerful thing.
    0:59:09 Well, a few things strike me.
    0:59:12 First is a recommendation for folks.
    0:59:17 If you want to see some pretty interesting mountain ascetic practice, the marathon monks of
    0:59:23 Mount Hieh, if people want to see some fantastic photographs and also descriptions of some of
    0:59:30 these practices and the tiny modicum of food these monks consume while they’re running around
    0:59:31 in these woven sandals.
    0:59:32 It’s wild.
    0:59:33 So people can check that out.
    0:59:42 Also, what I was going to say is that what you just described strikes me as almost Vipassana
    0:59:51 retreat in motion because part of what allows your mind to ultimately settle, right?
    0:59:56 For the snow globe to settle and for you to experience the thing you experienced is this
    1:00:06 reliable daily schedule and scaffolding so that you are not distracted by trivial choice and
    1:00:08 shifting conditions.
    1:00:13 So similarly, when you’re going on these walks and you have this schedule and you have these
    1:00:15 rules by 10 o’clock, I must do X.
    1:00:19 It’s like you’re a rock climber.
    1:00:24 Let’s just say on an indoor route, could be outdoor, where you have the same route every day.
    1:00:26 And on the first day, you’re figuring it out.
    1:00:28 Then on the second day, you get a little more comfortable.
    1:00:34 By the 10th day, your mind starts to go interesting places while you’re doing it with this
    1:00:41 automaticity that you couldn’t experience if it were a different route every day, so to speak.
    1:00:43 It’s not a perfect metaphor, but you get the idea.
    1:00:47 So I guess one of my other rules for these walks too is everything has to be booked in advance.
    1:00:51 Whenever I leave on a walk, I have a giant spreadsheet that has all of the distances.
    1:00:55 It has all of the bookings for the inns.
    1:01:00 I know what meals are included or not included because I don’t want to think about logistics
    1:01:02 for one second when I’m out in the field.
    1:01:04 Exactly what you’re saying.
    1:01:08 Some people hear that and they go, oh my God, but aren’t you missing out on the romance of
    1:01:11 you might meet an interesting farmer and they want to take you to their house?
    1:01:14 It’s like, hey, if I meet an interesting farmer, I get his number.
    1:01:15 I live in Japan.
    1:01:16 I can just come back after the walk.
    1:01:17 We can have our event.
    1:01:21 It’s like, I don’t need to have that in the walk.
    1:01:22 This is a different thing.
    1:01:22 That’s a different thing.
    1:01:30 And so for me, I absolutely thrive on that pre-scheduling of it all precisely because it
    1:01:36 gives you the freedom to be so radically present and so, I think, observant and committed to the
    1:01:38 craft of what you want to produce that day.
    1:01:43 Thinking about where you’re going to stay tomorrow night is a huge cognitive burden.
    1:01:44 It’s huge.
    1:01:48 Making the reservations, calculating, it sucks.
    1:01:50 It could take an hour, easily an hour.
    1:01:51 You think it’s like, oh, it’s a 10-minute thing.
    1:01:52 It can easily take an hour.
    1:01:58 So I spend probably, if I’m going to do a month of walking, I spend a week of making reservations
    1:02:00 to do a month of walking.
    1:02:02 And just for people who are like, wait, what?
    1:02:03 A week?
    1:02:05 The way that I sometimes, this may not be fair.
    1:02:09 Tell me if this is as outdated as my perception of foreigners speaking Japanese.
    1:02:12 Although I still think there are a lot of lazy non-Japanese who don’t speak Japanese.
    1:02:17 But the description I give people when they’re like, I’m going to Japan and I’m going to live
    1:02:17 there.
    1:02:23 If they’re visiting and they’re going to stay at a nice hotel, it’s a different experience.
    1:02:26 But if they’re like, I’m going to move there for two months, I’m like, okay, let me just
    1:02:30 tell you that you think Japan is Blade Runner.
    1:02:36 I’d say it’s 60% Blade Runner, depending on where you are.
    1:02:40 And then it’s at least 40% DMV.
    1:02:47 Like the number of triplicate copies that you’re going to have to sign, the amount of fucking
    1:02:52 paperwork, the number of times you’re going to have to try to get a hold of someone is going
    1:02:53 to shock you.
    1:02:56 So a week of settling logistics.
    1:02:57 A week of settling.
    1:03:01 And a lot of it is calling people because they don’t have websites or they don’t take
    1:03:01 online bookings.
    1:03:04 And like, it’s shocking how much trust there is.
    1:03:08 It’s like, you know, you call this in, they go, hey, hello, it’s the end.
    1:03:11 You know, that’s kind of like what they sound like in Japanese, basically.
    1:03:15 And you go, hey, I’d like to, oh, honorable, sir.
    1:03:16 I would love to book.
    1:03:16 Hey, you want to, okay.
    1:03:17 You want to stay?
    1:03:18 When do you stay in?
    1:03:18 Okay.
    1:03:20 May, May 12th.
    1:03:20 Okay.
    1:03:20 Okay.
    1:03:21 Yeah, sure.
    1:03:22 Wait, why don’t you, okay.
    1:03:23 What do you, what?
    1:03:24 Oh, you want dinner?
    1:03:24 Okay.
    1:03:25 Uh, sure.
    1:03:25 Okay.
    1:03:26 We’ll see you on May 12th.
    1:03:27 Bye.
    1:03:29 Like, that’s how reservations are sometimes done.
    1:03:33 And you’re like, and you arrive, you arrive on May 12th and you’re like, are they, are they,
    1:03:35 was that really a reservation?
    1:03:36 You know?
    1:03:38 You’re like, what the fuck was that?
    1:03:41 I had this experience firsthand with you.
    1:03:47 So you and Kevin and I in a small group did a walk in Japan and it’s like, you’d show up
    1:03:49 and you’d be like, are they here?
    1:03:49 I don’t know.
    1:03:51 Maybe, maybe not.
    1:03:52 We’ll find out.
    1:03:53 We’ll find out.
    1:03:59 And it’s not like if they’re not there, you just walk four doors down and you have a holiday.
    1:04:00 No, no.
    1:04:03 I mean, the experience of booking is probably what it was like booking in the 1950s.
    1:04:06 Like, honestly, like that hasn’t changed much.
    1:04:11 Japan is Blade Runner is what we imagine the future would be in 2000.
    1:04:14 And then it just never evolved beyond that, basically.
    1:04:15 It’s been stuck.
    1:04:18 It’s been stuck in 2000 for the last 25 years.
    1:04:20 So question for you.
    1:04:20 Yep.
    1:04:24 2021 is what I have written down here.
    1:04:30 You had an essay, a piece come out in Wired magazine, Walking Across Japan, Disconnected and
    1:04:30 Bored.
    1:04:35 I remember reading this piece and you did certain things.
    1:04:41 You imposed certain restrictions, say on digital distractions, to induce productive boredom.
    1:04:47 I’m wondering if you could maybe describe briefly what you did then and what you do now.
    1:04:52 That Wired essay kind of is exactly what we’ve been talking about.
    1:04:57 Just the no social media, no distraction, no podcasts, no music even.
    1:04:58 Basic flip phone, right?
    1:05:03 You downgraded to a basic flip phone and an offline Kindle.
    1:05:03 Am I getting those right?
    1:05:09 I didn’t downgrade to a flip phone, but I ran software on my iPhone that disabled everything.
    1:05:11 It disabled like, because I needed GPS.
    1:05:13 I needed a map.
    1:05:14 I needed to have a map.
    1:05:18 So I needed, I mean, I didn’t need GPS, but I could have gone even more analog, but I had
    1:05:18 GPS.
    1:05:22 I ran the software called Freedom, which is actually pretty good.
    1:05:24 Freedom.to is the website.
    1:05:28 I’ve used that for a while to like basically break my devices to make them form.
    1:05:31 Yeah, my friend and also fellow writer Neil Strauss uses it all the time.
    1:05:37 Yeah, I would say a lot of what I’ve accomplished as a writer is thanks to Freedom, turning off
    1:05:40 the internet at night and keeping it off until after lunch.
    1:05:45 So yeah, that Wired article is a good, if you’re listening and you’re like, oh, I just kind of
    1:05:48 want to read, give me the 3000 word distillation of all this.
    1:05:49 Like that’s a good place to go.
    1:05:55 And I remember when that came out and you mentioned it, I think on your podcast and you said you’d
    1:05:58 printed it out and put it up on your, like part of it on your wall.
    1:06:00 I think you’d like to print out a quote.
    1:06:03 Yeah, I was like, I was very moved to hear that.
    1:06:07 And also I got so many freaking emails from people who were like, oh, Tim Ferriss, print
    1:06:08 out your article, man.
    1:06:10 I was like, okay, cool.
    1:06:12 I was like, that’s good to know.
    1:06:16 I still print, maybe in part Japanese.
    1:06:19 You fax, I’m surprised.
    1:06:20 I’ll fax you the next one.
    1:06:25 Yeah, they do love, I mean, is faxing still a thing in Japan?
    1:06:26 It is, it’s gotta be.
    1:06:27 Yeah.
    1:06:27 It must be.
    1:06:31 That Wired article came out of that Nakasendo walk as well.
    1:06:34 There was just a few things that came out of that Nakasendo walk.
    1:06:37 And then also, so, okay, let me explain what the Nakasendo is too.
    1:06:43 In the Edo period, you had the shogun at takeover and to consolidate a certain amount of wealth
    1:06:50 and power, they enacted this thing called Sankinkotai, where the daimyo, the rulers, the local rulers,
    1:06:55 had to basically keep residence in Edo, which is what Tokyo used to be called.
    1:07:00 And they commuted to Edo, every year they had to do like a commutation.
    1:07:04 And so they had to build roads, they had to build infrastructure for all these daimyo, which
    1:07:09 sometimes, you know, for the bigger prefectures, the band of people would be 2,000 people long
    1:07:12 that would be traveling with the daimyo to go to Edo.
    1:07:13 Hell of an entourage.
    1:07:14 It’s a big entourage.
    1:07:21 You know, it’s like turtle, just imagine turtle, like 2,000 turtles, you know, and that character
    1:07:22 from the show, no one remembers turtle.
    1:07:24 I have no idea what you’re talking about.
    1:07:24 Yeah.
    1:07:27 You got me thinking about 2,000 turtles though.
    1:07:28 We should never think about turtle.
    1:07:31 So they built infrastructure.
    1:07:32 Oh, turtles from the show.
    1:07:34 I was thinking actual turtles with shells.
    1:07:36 I was like, I don’t know where this is going, but I’m in for the road.
    1:07:37 Okay, got it.
    1:07:38 Yes, turtle.
    1:07:38 Part of the entourage.
    1:07:43 And so they built infrastructure in Nakasendo and the Tokaido were the two main,
    1:07:46 main arteries of essentially the commute.
    1:07:49 It was like the 101 of Edo period, Japan.
    1:07:53 And so the Nakasendo kind of goes north.
    1:07:54 It’s more mountainous.
    1:07:55 It has fewer river crossings.
    1:07:59 And so people liked it, even though it was more arduous in the mountains, people don’t
    1:08:00 like river crossings.
    1:08:05 And in the Edo period, essentially you weren’t really allowed to build bridges in order to
    1:08:07 protect domains from attacks.
    1:08:11 So all of the river crossings kind of had to be on people’s shoulders or ferried across.
    1:08:13 So it was kind of a pain in the butt to cross rivers.
    1:08:18 And the Tokaido, which if you’ve come to Japan, you’ve ridden the Shinkansen from Tokyo to
    1:08:20 Kyoto, you may have ridden the Tokaido Shinkansen.
    1:08:21 The bullet train.
    1:08:28 The bullet train follows the old Tokaido route roughly, which was Kyoto to Tokyo, kind of along
    1:08:28 the coast.
    1:08:31 And that has many river crossings.
    1:08:34 And so people would not love that, for example.
    1:08:36 And even on the Tokaido, there’s like kind of detours.
    1:08:40 They’re called the Hime Kaido, which was like a detour to avoid this one river crossing.
    1:08:45 It’s called the princess route because women didn’t want to ride on the shoulders of strange
    1:08:45 porters or something.
    1:08:49 I don’t, there’s all sorts of different things why people chose Nakasendo or they’d go on Nakasendo
    1:08:54 and they’d come back on the Tokaido just to mix it up, just to have some fun in the 1600s.
    1:08:59 And so the Nakasendo is the northern mountainous route.
    1:09:00 And that’s the one I walked in 2019.
    1:09:03 I’ve since done the Tokaido twice.
    1:09:04 So I’m walking the Nakasendo.
    1:09:06 I’m going up into these mountain villages.
    1:09:09 What I’m witnessing is depopulation firsthand.
    1:09:13 So there’s two buzzwords you hear in Japanese.
    1:09:17 Shoshika mondai, which is child birth problem.
    1:09:19 There’s just like no children being birthed.
    1:09:25 I think Japan’s at 1.2 now is the per woman sort of number of children being produced.
    1:09:31 Korea, Gideon Lewis-Krauss just wrote this amazing article about Korea’s situation, which
    1:09:33 I think is 0.7 or 0.6.
    1:09:35 Yeah, not a great situation.
    1:09:37 They just hate kids there.
    1:09:39 Anyway, so Japan’s not quite that bad.
    1:09:43 I could explain more related to that.
    1:09:46 I don’t know how much of a digression we want to take, but there are actually a bunch
    1:09:48 of structural problems that help to produce that in South Korea.
    1:09:49 But we’ll come back to it.
    1:09:51 For instance, I’ll give one example that doesn’t get talked about.
    1:09:56 Very briefly, very briefly, is that rent is very, very expensive.
    1:09:57 A lot of people move to, say, Seoul.
    1:10:07 And in Seoul, to upgrade to a larger apartment, you would often have to put down a six to 12-month
    1:10:09 security deposit.
    1:10:11 And people can’t afford to do it.
    1:10:19 So a lot of the reasons for fewer kids relate to some of these, I don’t want to say intractable,
    1:10:24 but systematized economic hurdles that people just can’t clear.
    1:10:25 Anyway, please continue.
    1:10:28 Hey, man, my homestay, there’s one kid living in a closet.
    1:10:29 The other kid slept between his parents.
    1:10:31 Like, you could do it in a tiny room.
    1:10:33 Just make the babies.
    1:10:36 So you have Shoshika Monday, right?
    1:10:38 Which you hear this a lot, but you don’t experience it in Tokyo.
    1:10:42 Because Tokyo is growing, and there’s actually a lot of kids in Tokyo, and it feels very vibrant.
    1:10:44 Tokyo is growing pretty steadily.
    1:10:48 And then the other one is Koreka Shakai, which is the elderly society.
    1:10:51 So basically aging population.
    1:10:57 And you hear these words bandied about all the time, but you don’t feel them until you
    1:10:59 really walk the countryside.
    1:11:04 So the Nakasana was the first time I felt that, like, palpably, viscerally, every day.
    1:11:08 And I would walk through these villages that were essentially disappearing, and there were
    1:11:10 two things left in all these villages.
    1:11:14 And it would be a barbershop that was, like, very bizarre.
    1:11:17 And I actually, up until last year, I’d been shaving my head for five years.
    1:11:21 And so part of the reason why I was shaving my head was because you get your head shaved
    1:11:23 anywhere, and it’s, like, pretty easy and fast.
    1:11:26 And so I would start going to these barbershops in the middle of nowhere to get my head shaved
    1:11:27 because it was just, like, they were there.
    1:11:31 And then the other thing that’s around is Kisaten.
    1:11:35 So these are the old-style, basically, Showa era.
    1:11:36 We were talking about Ozu.
    1:11:38 His films kind of embody the Showa era.
    1:11:40 And if you want to see what Showa looks like—
    1:11:42 —26 to 1989.
    1:11:43 —26 to 89.
    1:11:48 And Showa is the post-war Japan, the mid-century Japan.
    1:11:51 It’s mid-century modern architecture and, like, design.
    1:11:57 And Kisaten were one of the many sort of local mom-and-pop things that kind of grew out of
    1:11:58 this post-war economy.
    1:12:02 And people who didn’t want to join the workforce, didn’t want to be a salaryman or salarywoman,
    1:12:05 they opened Kisaten, which are little cafes.
    1:12:10 And they became de facto community hubs in a lot of these villages.
    1:12:12 And they’re one of the few things that are left.
    1:12:14 So I hadn’t planned to go to Kisaten every day.
    1:12:18 But it turned out nothing was left for me to go have lunch at.
    1:12:22 So I’d be walking, and, like, basically, the one bit of logistics was I had to figure out
    1:12:22 where I was going to have lunch.
    1:12:28 And I realized by, like, day 10, every day I was going to a Kisaten, and every day I was
    1:12:29 eating pizza toast.
    1:12:34 Like, I was just like, oh, wow, I’ve had a lot of pizza toast on this walk.
    1:12:36 Like, this walk is kind of fueled by pizza toast.
    1:12:39 And that’s toast with some tomato sauce and cheese on it?
    1:12:40 Basically, yeah.
    1:12:44 So, like, the food that Kisaten serve is, again, a post-war construction.
    1:12:46 Like, people didn’t have money.
    1:12:48 Japan was extremely impoverished post-war.
    1:12:50 Again, watch Ozu.
    1:12:51 You can kind of see some of that in action.
    1:12:56 And so Kisaten would open, and it’d be like, well, what is the minimum viable food products
    1:12:57 that we can make?
    1:12:58 Essentially, two things came out of it.
    1:13:00 One is toast and pizza toast.
    1:13:05 If you have a toaster oven, you can make pizza toast with, like, craft cheese, cheese
    1:13:08 singles, spaghetti sauce out of a can.
    1:13:12 Maybe you get some peppers you cut up and some onions, and that’s it.
    1:13:13 That’s your pizza toast.
    1:13:16 Maybe, like, a salami, like a cheap salami from the shop.
    1:13:21 And then the other thing is Neapolitan spaghetti, which is just basically spaghetti with ketchup.
    1:13:29 Spaghetti with ketchup and pizza toast fed a big chunk of Japan in, like, the 50s, 60s,
    1:13:30 and 70s.
    1:13:33 So I was eating pizza toast all the time, and I was like, this is really fascinating and
    1:13:34 kind of amazing.
    1:13:39 And it’s interesting because, like, we might make pizza toast in America, but, like, a
    1:13:41 shop would never think of serving pizza toast, which is too weird.
    1:13:48 So I became obsessed with that, and then that grew into an article which then grew into my
    1:13:53 book that I launched during COVID in 2020 called Kisa by Kisa.
    1:13:54 Yeah, that’s right.
    1:13:55 15 feet behind me.
    1:14:01 And that title is a reference to Bird by Bird, which I think you’ve talked about before as
    1:14:02 a book.
    1:14:02 Yeah.
    1:14:04 Anne Lamott, of course.
    1:14:04 Bird by Bird.
    1:14:05 Yeah.
    1:14:05 I love that book.
    1:14:10 That’s also, actually, now that I think about it, literally, Bird by Bird is probably two
    1:14:14 bookshelves above your book, and I never put it together right back there.
    1:14:17 That is 100% homage to Anne.
    1:14:26 And so, yeah, Kisa by Kisa, which was basically me riffing on pizza toast and these cafes along
    1:14:28 this walk and producing a book.
    1:14:29 COVID had hit.
    1:14:29 COVID hit.
    1:14:36 It was April 2020, and I was like, okay, well, all of this travel I’d planned on doing,
    1:14:36 I’m not going to do.
    1:14:37 And it was actually a big relief.
    1:14:41 I had been doing too much traveling internationally.
    1:14:42 I’d been teaching at Yale.
    1:14:45 Every summer, I’d been teaching at the Yale Publishing Course.
    1:14:50 I’d been sort of giving the keynote lecture about books and digital publishing and blah,
    1:14:50 blah, blah.
    1:14:52 Anyway, I’d run out of stuff to say anyway.
    1:14:58 And so, I was like, okay, let’s produce a really beautiful book based on this walk.
    1:15:03 Kind of, again, like the Dan Rubin book that we made was like one version of it, one degree
    1:15:03 of it.
    1:15:08 And then that one-off print-on-demand SMS book was another kind of like, oh, wow, this
    1:15:09 is really cool.
    1:15:13 And then this was going to be like, okay, what if we took all of that and really did the apotheosis
    1:15:16 of like a beautiful walk book with photos and the narrative?
    1:15:21 And I made this book, and I priced it $100 a copy.
    1:15:27 I launched it in August 2020, and I was like, okay, based on my publishing history, I know
    1:15:27 how these things sell.
    1:15:37 I’m going to make a thousand copies, and I’ll be lucky if we sell out of that print run in
    1:15:38 like a year or two.
    1:15:39 I was like, it’s an expensive book.
    1:15:40 It’s a weird subject.
    1:15:42 Like, no one’s going to really be into this.
    1:15:43 I launch it.
    1:15:47 We sell a thousand copies in like 36 hours.
    1:15:49 So what happened?
    1:15:50 Why did that happen?
    1:15:53 I had underestimated the audience I had built up, I guess.
    1:16:00 And people were just excited about these walks and what I was doing, and they were just psyched
    1:16:00 about it.
    1:16:01 It was like very weird.
    1:16:05 Maybe not weird if you think about the timing also, right?
    1:16:06 I think the timing was really good.
    1:16:10 And what I did that was really smart, I had been running the membership program by that point
    1:16:11 for 18 months.
    1:16:16 And I was like, okay, I want to do this book, and I want to have it be expensive, but I want
    1:16:17 to offer a big discount to members.
    1:16:20 So if you’re a yearly member, you’re paying $100 a year to be a member.
    1:16:23 This was like the first real perk I’d ever offered members.
    1:16:27 And it was like kind of like a thank you and treating the membership payments almost as like
    1:16:30 an investment to allow me to do these things.
    1:16:34 And then I want to give a little bit of that investment back to you, pay a little dividend.
    1:16:36 And so I set up a thing.
    1:16:39 I looked at Kickstarter, and I was like, Kickstarter hadn’t really changed in like 10 years.
    1:16:43 And I was like, why am I going to give these guys like such a high percentage?
    1:16:44 You couldn’t do coupons.
    1:16:47 I wanted to offer coupons, and Kickstarter didn’t have like coupon functionality.
    1:16:51 And so I looked at Shopify, and I have my engineering background.
    1:16:53 I know how to program and, you know, enough to get me in trouble.
    1:16:58 And I was like, well, you know, Shopify is actually amazing, and you can modify the templates.
    1:17:01 And so I cloned Kickstarter, and I called it Craigstarter.
    1:17:06 And I basically added, it’s on GitHub.
    1:17:08 You can clone it if you want and like start your own Craigstarter.
    1:17:12 But like, I wanted to own the whole stack of software.
    1:17:15 And like, it’s weird with Kickstarter, like you get all these purchases.
    1:17:20 And then to get the addresses into the shipping software, it’s like different software.
    1:17:21 Anyway, it’s kind of dumb.
    1:17:21 Everything’s all over the place.
    1:17:24 So Shopify, everything is just right there.
    1:17:26 And I was like, this makes sense.
    1:17:29 So I made Craigstarter, and I made some promises.
    1:17:33 I was like, oh, you know, if we sell, if we do 300 copies, I’ll sign them all.
    1:17:35 If we do 500, I’ll include postcards.
    1:17:40 If we do 800, then I will make a documentary about pizza toast.
    1:17:41 I was like, I’m never going to have to make this documentary.
    1:17:43 And we sold 1,000 immediately.
    1:17:46 And I was just like, oh, shit, all right, I got to make this documentary.
    1:17:53 But what the real, I think, sort of piece de resistance that I figured out by accident
    1:17:55 was by offering the discount.
    1:17:59 It was like a $40 or $50 discount off the 100 bucks if you were a yearly member.
    1:18:03 The conversion rate I got of people buying the book.
    1:18:04 So basically, you’d land on the page.
    1:18:05 You’d be like, oh, yeah, I want this book.
    1:18:06 It’s 100 bucks.
    1:18:06 Sure.
    1:18:10 Plus, by the way, like $30 in shipping because we were doing DHL and yada, yada, yada.
    1:18:11 And it was expensive to ship.
    1:18:12 It’s still expensive to ship.
    1:18:14 So it’s 130 bucks.
    1:18:19 So I was like, you could do that or you could pay another $100 to become my member, join the
    1:18:23 membership program, get a discount on the book, then buy the book.
    1:18:27 So basically, it was like you could spend $130 or you could spend $200 and get the membership.
    1:18:33 And the conversion rate of people who did the membership was like 30% of everyone who bought
    1:18:33 it.
    1:18:34 Wow.
    1:18:35 Which is insane.
    1:18:36 Insane.
    1:18:36 That’s wild.
    1:18:39 And I was like, okay, we just unlocked something special.
    1:18:40 It’s a great, great experiment.
    1:18:45 That for me was this like light bulb moment of, okay, this is what I’m doing for the next
    1:18:45 20 years.
    1:18:46 Got it.
    1:18:47 I want to make these books.
    1:18:48 I want to do these walks.
    1:18:50 There’s an audience here.
    1:18:53 There’s like a product market fit.
    1:18:55 To use that terrible expression.
    1:18:59 PMF.
    1:19:00 Somebody just texted me yesterday.
    1:19:01 I was like, what the fuck is PMF?
    1:19:02 They’re like product market fit.
    1:19:04 I was like, oh yeah, I know the full word version.
    1:19:05 Yeah.
    1:19:06 Yeah.
    1:19:12 So that was this really like, whoa, okay, this is interesting and special.
    1:19:14 And like, look, I’m operating at my scale.
    1:19:17 My scale, you know, whatever you have people on here selling 400 trillion books and stuff
    1:19:17 like that.
    1:19:20 I love my scale because it’s sustainable.
    1:19:21 It gives me total creative freedom.
    1:19:23 You should talk to that, right?
    1:19:28 Because Noah Kagan, his friend of mine, considers scale to be almost a four letter word.
    1:19:38 Because people become intoxicated and make bad decisions chasing, in some cases, a false idol
    1:19:39 or worshiping a false idol.
    1:19:41 So maybe you could speak to that.
    1:19:49 And I’m going to offer an on-ramp in the form of something of yours that I printed yet again.
    1:19:49 Yes.
    1:19:50 Yes.
    1:19:58 And what I printed, people can find this at craigmod.com slash essays slash membership underscore
    1:19:59 rules.
    1:20:05 So these are your membership community rules, which are of great interest to me because
    1:20:13 I currently have, really for the first time, an active community, or certainly the first
    1:20:20 time in a decade, an active community of test readers for the new book that I’m working on.
    1:20:26 And we have about 100, which is the right scale, like 85 to 100, I’d say.
    1:20:30 I started off with super, super high engagement, like 90% posting.
    1:20:37 And then it became more manageable, at least for me, since I’m consuming and digesting and
    1:20:38 synthesizing the feedback.
    1:20:44 Probably at a nice kind of 35% in terms of lurkers to active posters.
    1:20:49 But here, I’m going to not touch everything, but I’m going to run through real quickly here.
    1:20:51 So here are some of the rules.
    1:20:53 One, have clear creative goals.
    1:20:56 Mine are make books and educate.
    1:20:59 Number two, staple those goals to your walls, your mirror, your forehead.
    1:21:03 If you ever have a decision to make, ask yourself, does it help me achieve these goals?
    1:21:06 Number three, all membership activities are in support of these goals.
    1:21:10 Four, the program exists for the goals, not the members.
    1:21:10 I’m going to say that again.
    1:21:13 The program exists for the goals, not the members.
    1:21:16 Number five, equally important.
    1:21:17 That’s my wording.
    1:21:22 That may sound cold, but if you frame it properly, the members understand and enthusiastically support
    1:21:22 this.
    1:21:25 Six, fundamentally, you’re building a community.
    1:21:28 Seven, but your goal is not to manage a community.
    1:21:31 And then there are a number of bullets under that.
    1:21:36 Eight, by the way, deadlines are not only your friends, they’re the only way work gets done.
    1:21:40 So obsessive, irrational adherence to deadlines and work is non-negotiable.
    1:21:42 Number nine, and there are a number of bullets underneath this.
    1:21:46 I won’t necessarily get into all of them, but you can certainly elaborate.
    1:21:51 Don’t let the shape of membership software determine the shape of your activities slash work.
    1:21:54 Ten, make strict decisions, but be willing to change your mind.
    1:21:59 And then a parenthetical, I renamed my membership program 18 months into it, and I’m glad I did.
    1:22:01 As an example.
    1:22:03 Eleven, and finally, know your scale.
    1:22:05 This is why I wanted to bring this in.
    1:22:07 So know your scale, then there’s a link to that.
    1:22:12 Or I should say a link under those three words, know your scale.
    1:22:14 What scale do you want to work at?
    1:22:15 What scale makes you happy?
    1:22:18 Use that knowledge to drive membership decisions.
    1:22:19 All right.
    1:22:20 Take it away, Craig.
    1:22:22 Scale.
    1:22:29 Yeah, I think a lot of people are, to use the word again, ensorcelled by this idea of mega scale.
    1:22:38 They’re just like, you know, I remember in the late 2000s, I did not have a great impression of Facebook.
    1:22:41 I was very early of not being like, oh, I think this is a great thing.
    1:22:42 I did not love it.
    1:22:56 I was sad seeing so many talented designers go to Facebook in like 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, who were previously up until that point doing incredible independent work and doing kind of like almost what you could say art projects and things like that.
    1:23:03 And they went to Facebook and a lot of them were saying things like, well, how else can I affect 100 million people?
    1:23:06 Or, you know, same with people going to Google and saying that too.
    1:23:08 In tech, this is a very common trope.
    1:23:11 You know, like I want to have this impact on like hundreds of millions of people.
    1:23:12 This is the only way to do it.
    1:23:14 And I think, okay, yeah, sure.
    1:23:23 And then you kind of go to these places and you realize in the end that like you’re a very, very tiny cog and the amount of change that you can affect on these things is quite small.
    1:23:25 It’s like you’re a worker on the Titanic in a certain degree.
    1:23:30 And you’re going to hit an iceberg, whether you’re causing genocide in Myanmar or something that like you just don’t see coming.
    1:23:39 And so I think it’s kind of like a false narrative to be like, oh, yeah, the only way to have a real effect in the world is to like be operating at this crazy mass scale.
    1:23:41 And I had a little bit of that working at Flipboard.
    1:23:54 I mean, part of like going there and working with those guys was to both give myself confidence that I could hang with top tier people and be surrounded by great, incredible, loving, generous, talented folks.
    1:24:03 But also to touch that scale a little bit, like that app had a huge scale, you know, and we launched, I remember we launched the iPhone version of it and I just felt nothing.
    1:24:06 I’d been very attuned to like, does my heart move or not?
    1:24:09 And I remember launching that and just being like, that was cool to work on.
    1:24:13 But like, I felt absolutely nothing seeing like user feedback come in or whatever.
    1:24:22 Whereas at the same time, by that point, I had made many books that had sold thousands of copies as opposed to millions or hundreds of millions or whatever data points that we were hitting with Flipboard.
    1:24:28 And those hundreds of readers, thousands of readers to me felt so good.
    1:24:29 I just felt drawn in that direction.
    1:24:36 And I remember the first time I told someone at a party, I was like 23 and I was at a party and they’re like, what do you do?
    1:24:38 And I was like, I work on books.
    1:24:40 Like I run a little publishing company.
    1:24:43 And I remember being so happy.
    1:24:46 I said, I could say that something felt so right about that.
    1:24:49 Right from the very first, I remember exactly where I was standing.
    1:24:50 I could picture it.
    1:24:53 I kind of know, I can almost remember what apartment block I was in.
    1:24:57 Like, anyway, it was this real moment of like, okay, this is something to follow.
    1:25:00 This feeling is something special and we need to protect this.
    1:25:06 So for me, scale, I had spent my 20s working on my art projects, doing independent publishing.
    1:25:10 And for me, that was a scale that really resonated with my heart and made me feel good.
    1:25:15 And I knew there was a way to do it sustainably, in part because of the cost of living thing that we talked about happening in Japan.
    1:25:24 And so when Kisa by Kisa hit like that, and we’re going back to print next week and we’re doing like the sixth edition.
    1:25:27 So we sold like 6,000 copies of this thing.
    1:25:29 So it’s like $600,000 in book sales.
    1:25:32 Also, non-trivial number.
    1:25:38 Not to invoke the kraken of scale, which is not what I’m doing, but like that is not a trivial number of books.
    1:25:47 Like my initial print run for my Random House book, my very first book, which was intended to have national distribution, was 10,000 copies.
    1:25:51 And did not sell all of those immediately.
    1:26:01 6,000 copies is enough in a soft week to put you on a lot of national bestseller lists, depending on the category you end up in.
    1:26:02 Like that’s a real number of books.
    1:26:04 Also, this is an art book.
    1:26:05 It sells for a hundred bucks.
    1:26:06 That’s what I’m saying.
    1:26:08 You don’t sell this many books normally.
    1:26:12 You talk to publishers like Mac Press in the UK is doing some of the most beautiful photo books around.
    1:26:15 And their print runs will max out at a thousand.
    1:26:17 You know, they’ll do runs of 500.
    1:26:22 So the fact that this book sold 6,000 is just bananas and continues to sell.
    1:26:24 And, you know, that’s why we’re kind of going to print again.
    1:26:26 It just moved me.
    1:26:28 And for me, that is like such a beautiful scale.
    1:26:29 It’s totally uncompromising.
    1:26:32 I can do exactly the kind of book I want to do.
    1:26:35 I’m lucky enough to have incredible editor friends.
    1:26:40 I’m getting editorial feedback at the highest level I would get with anyone else.
    1:26:44 And I have enough design experience and I’m connected with incredible designers.
    1:26:48 Gray 318, John Gray, who’s done all of Zadie Smith’s covers.
    1:26:51 Like I can just call John and be like, hey, can we go over?
    1:26:52 Like I’m working on this cover for my book.
    1:26:53 Can you give me some feedback?
    1:26:54 And John hops on a Zoom call with me.
    1:26:55 So I’m very, very lucky.
    1:27:01 I’m able to be totally uncompromising about this stuff, which is why the Random House relationship
    1:27:06 is really exciting for me too, because it’s kind of stepping outside my comfort zone of scale.
    1:27:11 And it’s moving up to this different level for the book that’s coming out in May.
    1:27:13 Why did you decide to do that?
    1:27:20 And was there anything interesting or of note in terms of deal structure or how you thought
    1:27:21 about approaching it?
    1:27:22 There was.
    1:27:26 Because you’re sort of like the MacGyver who’s done every job, right?
    1:27:31 So you’re coming into it with a much broader awareness of how all the different pieces
    1:27:33 move and how you can move them.
    1:27:34 It’s a different situation.
    1:27:36 And I have a, you know, a relationship with a printer.
    1:27:37 I have a distribution network set up.
    1:27:39 I have my Shopify thing set up.
    1:27:40 So I’m all set.
    1:27:46 So, but this book, Things Become Other Things, the story of it about Brian, essentially me
    1:27:52 doing this 300 mile walk around the peninsula during the peak of COVID and walking through
    1:27:58 this depopulated peninsula, very spiritual and kind of reflecting on my childhood and reflecting
    1:27:58 on this friendship.
    1:28:02 There was a kind of political element, very subtle.
    1:28:07 It’s a very sly political element, but commentary on the state of America.
    1:28:09 Again, like who’s being supported?
    1:28:11 Why are people being supported?
    1:28:13 Why are some people not being supported?
    1:28:15 Why are certain towns supported more than other towns?
    1:28:20 And then reflecting that through the lens of my experience in Japan, which is like the foundational
    1:28:23 societal baseline is so much higher.
    1:28:28 Like the social safety net is so high here relative to what I experienced growing up in
    1:28:28 America.
    1:28:35 Those themes to me feel like they warranted potentially a larger scale than I could bring on my own.
    1:28:41 So let me reframe that for a second, just for people who are like, oh, the P word, politics.
    1:28:42 I’m out.
    1:28:43 Where’s the parachute?
    1:28:52 Is it fair to say it’s more of a societal commentary than a political diatribe, right?
    1:28:54 It’s not a left versus right, right versus left.
    1:28:57 It’s more of a societal commentary, right?
    1:28:57 Cultural commentary.
    1:28:59 It exists between the lines.
    1:29:00 There’s nothing didactic about it at all.
    1:29:05 I’m telling a story of friendship with this kid, Brian, who I dearly loved.
    1:29:07 We were best friends all through elementary school.
    1:29:09 We graduate and he’s murdered.
    1:29:14 It’s reflecting on that, basically the first 18 years of our life.
    1:29:22 And in reflecting on that, it’s invariable that certain commentary about society just
    1:29:25 comes, it’s just embedded in that reflection, embedded in that story.
    1:29:26 And it’s not didactic.
    1:29:28 There’s absolutely nothing didactic about it.
    1:29:34 And the whole time I’m talking with all these farmers and fishermen and port people and people
    1:29:35 working at the inns.
    1:29:41 And there’s this incredible, colorful cast of characters of the peninsula of Japan that you
    1:29:46 will never be able to meet in any other context unless you’ve lived here kind of as long as I
    1:29:48 have and you’ve started to do these walks and things like that.
    1:29:54 So it’s both, you get this adventure in Japan and then alongside that adventure is this story
    1:29:55 of friendship.
    1:29:59 But I just thought that story of friendship, because there was kind of a universality to
    1:30:04 it that was more than just like, hey man, pizza toasts and wacky mid-century cafes.
    1:30:11 I thought, let me try to pitch this to some publishers and some agents in New York and see if anyone’s
    1:30:11 interested.
    1:30:12 Everyone rejected me.
    1:30:14 I’m going to push at that for a second.
    1:30:17 So why see if people are interested?
    1:30:22 Is it to reach more people with a lower entry point?
    1:30:28 Because it’s a story that maybe has broader appeal than the Kisa by Kisa.
    1:30:33 Why explore the traditional route, so to speak?
    1:30:37 First of all, it’s meant to honor both, I think, like the people of this peninsula.
    1:30:40 And I think they are really amazing and they deserve kind of a big platform.
    1:30:44 And then also to honor Brian and this friendship and his memory.
    1:30:52 And I almost felt like for Brian, this story should be given every opportunity to hit the
    1:30:54 scale that it wants to hit.
    1:30:56 You finish a book and it’s out of your hands.
    1:31:01 And I was kind of willing to say like, well, let’s go explore where this book could possibly
    1:31:01 go.
    1:31:04 And I love talking about the themes of it.
    1:31:09 Just the reality of the world is that there’s a status connected with having a big publisher
    1:31:13 behind you that publishing something independently, you’ll never accrue.
    1:31:15 And it’s not because like, oh, like that makes me feel good.
    1:31:17 But it’s like, oh, to do like an NPR show.
    1:31:20 If you want to be on Terry Gross, it’s true.
    1:31:20 It’s true.
    1:31:24 You know, if you want to do something like that, you need Penguin, you need Random House
    1:31:28 behind you, unfortunately, you know, and I just felt like this may be one of the only
    1:31:30 stories I ever tell, you know, I have my next five books.
    1:31:33 I’m in the middle of writing and they’re like, they’re definitely weirder.
    1:31:34 Your next five books?
    1:31:35 Yeah.
    1:31:37 Good Lord, Craig.
    1:31:38 All right.
    1:31:41 Well, that’s, I guess that’s what you can do if you can write 4,000 words a day.
    1:31:44 For fuck’s sake, Craig, I need to eat whatever you’re having for breakfast.
    1:31:45 All right.
    1:31:46 Natto, natto kimchi.
    1:31:48 Oh, my microbiome.
    1:31:48 Yeah.
    1:31:48 Oh, my.
    1:31:49 Yes.
    1:31:54 I had a MRSA infection last year and I was on a heavy antibiotics.
    1:31:55 Nasty.
    1:31:56 Yeah, it was pretty nasty.
    1:32:01 And I blasted myself on the antibiotics and that got me on this mega natto kimchi gohan
    1:32:02 kick.
    1:32:03 And I freaking love it.
    1:32:04 My body just craves it now.
    1:32:05 No.
    1:32:09 So I just thought, look, I’m talking with Kevin Kelly and he’s like, Craig, just try new
    1:32:10 things.
    1:32:11 Just bitch it to these people.
    1:32:12 Like, give it a go.
    1:32:14 You know, he’s like, why not?
    1:32:14 Why not?
    1:32:15 Might be a fun adventure.
    1:32:19 So I went out and I pitched to a bunch of agents because you’re supposed to have an
    1:32:21 agent before you go to the publishers and blah, blah, blah.
    1:32:22 And everyone rejected me.
    1:32:26 This is shocking to me, Craig, because you are a very good writer.
    1:32:33 You had a number of things go viral, do very well online with reputable outlets.
    1:32:39 You can point to your self-publishing track record with these, I don’t want to say obscenely
    1:32:45 expensive, but by traditional bookstore, let’s just say trade, paperback, hardcover standards,
    1:32:47 very expensive books.
    1:32:51 Did anyone give you a plausible reason for saying no?
    1:32:58 Most of it was like, hey, you’re interesting, but I don’t think we can sell this book.
    1:32:59 That’s kind of…
    1:33:01 How many followers do you have on TikTok, though?
    1:33:03 Let’s get to that.
    1:33:06 So in the end, it was this weird thing.
    1:33:13 One of my members, actually, of the membership program, runs a podcast at Penguin Random House.
    1:33:17 And he was like, hey, look, I love your work.
    1:33:22 I think Andy Ward, who’s the publisher of Random House, he’s the editor of George Saunders,
    1:33:26 who I, if I’m listing my favorite authors, George Saunders, George’s top five.
    1:33:30 Human being and author, just incredible, incredible person.
    1:33:31 Just amazing.
    1:33:36 And Andy Ward, my friend Matt goes, hey, look, you got to meet Andy Ward.
    1:33:37 You just pitch this thing to Andy Ward.
    1:33:38 And I was like, okay.
    1:33:40 And I was going to be in New York for something.
    1:33:43 And Andy was like, hey, I’d love to meet you.
    1:33:43 Let’s meet up.
    1:33:46 I went to Andy Ward’s office, Penguin Random House.
    1:33:48 It’s me, Andy Ward, and the vice president.
    1:33:50 Andy’s like the president of Random House, right?
    1:33:53 And we have the most high-energy, mind-meld.
    1:33:54 I bring Kesa by Kesa.
    1:33:57 I’m like, look, I sold thousands of copies of this thing.
    1:34:00 I got this next book, and it’s this walk, and blah, blah, blah, and Brian, and yada, yada,
    1:34:01 and all this stuff.
    1:34:03 And he’s like, this sounds amazing.
    1:34:03 Great.
    1:34:04 Send it over.
    1:34:06 Let’s make this work.
    1:34:09 And four months go by, crickets.
    1:34:13 And this is just what happened with everyone else, too.
    1:34:15 Everyone just ghosted me.
    1:34:18 And I was in a really dark place.
    1:34:20 I was just like, what?
    1:34:21 What am I supposed to do?
    1:34:22 I don’t know what I’m supposed to do.
    1:34:25 I’m coming at this really vulnerably.
    1:34:29 And I’ve gotten 30 rejections or whatever for this thing.
    1:34:32 And so I go, OK, I’m going to do it on my own.
    1:34:34 I’m going to do it on my own.
    1:34:36 I’ve done everything else, blah, blah, blah.
    1:34:38 I queue up printer time.
    1:34:41 I’m buying paper, and I get this email, and it’s from Andy.
    1:34:43 And he goes, hey, yeah, we want the book.
    1:34:47 This is like, four months later, zero feedback or anything.
    1:34:51 So I hop on a call with Molly, who ends up being the editor, my editor.
    1:34:53 And she’s just like, I love the book.
    1:34:54 She’s saying all the right things.
    1:34:55 She just totally gets it.
    1:35:02 And I go, look, I just booked printer time, and I’m going to be producing my fine art edition
    1:35:03 of this in November.
    1:35:04 This was July.
    1:35:06 I said, I’m going to go do this.
    1:35:09 I would love to produce an edition with you guys.
    1:35:11 Can you get me an offer in the next two days?
    1:35:15 And she’s like, OK, we’ll get back to you in two days.
    1:35:21 So two days later, a call with Molly and Andy, and they’re like, can we pay you not to do your
    1:35:21 version of the book?
    1:35:25 I was like, look, I don’t think these are going to compete.
    1:35:26 The fine art edition is going to be $100.
    1:35:28 It’s just not going to compete.
    1:35:31 We’re going to re-edit it for you and blah, blah, blah, blah.
    1:35:35 I felt so broken by the process and all of this rejection.
    1:35:41 I was just like, if I don’t protect my fiercely independent capabilities of doing the work I
    1:35:46 want to do, then I don’t want to be in this position where I’m that vulnerable.
    1:35:46 I’m that exposed.
    1:35:49 I was like, look, I’m just going to do my edition.
    1:35:50 Don’t worry about it.
    1:35:52 And I was able to stand my ground.
    1:35:55 And we were able to come up with a contract.
    1:35:58 I think it’s one of the first contracts in Random House history where it was written
    1:35:58 into the contract.
    1:36:05 Like I got fine art rights to the book and there’s a price minimum that I’m not allowed
    1:36:07 to sell under of my edition.
    1:36:09 It’s capped how many I can produce.
    1:36:12 But after we sell a certain number of the Random House, I can produce more and yada, yada,
    1:36:13 all this stuff.
    1:36:16 So that felt really good to keep that.
    1:36:17 Yeah.
    1:36:18 It must feel fantastic.
    1:36:21 I mean, it’s like a psycho-emotional insurance policy.
    1:36:26 Well, it was funny listening to Brandon Sanderson talk about getting the leather-bound rights back
    1:36:27 for his books.
    1:36:29 It was sort of like, oh, that was interesting.
    1:36:30 But this was from the get-go.
    1:36:32 It’s like, okay, I’m going to do this edition.
    1:36:34 And so I published it.
    1:36:36 I kind of like talking about this makes it all really complicated.
    1:36:40 But I published my edition 16, 17 months ago.
    1:36:45 And what was great about that, it was sort of like getting, you’re talking about your test
    1:36:45 readers.
    1:36:49 I basically produced 2,000 copies, and we sold all of those.
    1:36:58 And so in doing that, I got amazing feedback and amazing emotional letters and responses from
    1:36:58 people.
    1:37:01 But because I had done that, it freed me as a writer.
    1:37:03 It was this crazy thing psychologically.
    1:37:08 And when I went back to do my revisions for Random House, and Molly basically took my manuscript
    1:37:11 that I had published, and she just peppered it with questions.
    1:37:13 She put like 800 questions in the manuscript.
    1:37:15 And I loved them.
    1:37:16 They were amazing questions.
    1:37:17 And I was so hungry.
    1:37:22 Because I had done my edition uncompromisingly, it felt like the weight was off my shoulders.
    1:37:23 I could relax.
    1:37:25 And like, let’s go for it.
    1:37:29 And the thing that came out, I doubled the length of the manuscript by simply responding
    1:37:30 to Molly’s questions.
    1:37:37 And it unlocked all of these layers of the story that I had wanted to get to, but I didn’t really
    1:37:37 know how to.
    1:37:40 And I was nervous, and I was kind of like uptight about it.
    1:37:45 And so this Random House edition to me, like this relationship has been really, really
    1:37:45 good.
    1:37:49 It got me to a place I couldn’t have got to on my own, which is always what I’m looking
    1:37:51 for in working relationships and editorial relationships.
    1:37:54 It’s like when I published with the New York Times, or I published with the Atlantic or
    1:37:57 whatever, it’s like, it’s always about that editorial back and forth.
    1:37:58 Here’s an essay.
    1:37:59 How do we make it even better?
    1:38:04 And so this book, I can say, this Random House edition, I am so proud of.
    1:38:07 And it taps into this emotional vein I couldn’t get to on my own.
    1:38:11 And I love the fact that it’s going to be like $22 or whatever.
    1:38:15 It’s like you can pre-order it now on Amazon or bookshop.
    1:38:17 And it’s like, I think, $28 for the hardcover or whatever.
    1:38:20 That’s also a price point I’ve never operated at before.
    1:38:22 So that’s exciting.
    1:38:24 Super exciting.
    1:38:24 Super exciting.
    1:38:25 It’s super exciting.
    1:38:27 Things become other things.
    1:38:28 Craig’s writing is amazing.
    1:38:30 Everybody, go get the book.
    1:38:31 You’ll be glad you did.
    1:38:36 And I want to hop to a few other things.
    1:38:43 Your wild and strange celebrity in Japan around promoting mid-sized cities.
    1:38:45 How did this start?
    1:38:47 And what the hell is going on?
    1:38:51 Because I remember reaching out to you not too long ago.
    1:38:55 We were like, yeah, I’m really busy because I’m doing like 12 TV shows and doing this and
    1:38:55 doing that.
    1:38:57 And then I’m like, what?
    1:38:58 What are you doing?
    1:38:58 Yeah.
    1:39:01 And this was the explanation.
    1:39:02 So what’s the backstory?
    1:39:03 How did it start?
    1:39:04 And what is it now?
    1:39:07 This is another reason why I love independence.
    1:39:12 And I love operating at my scale and doing the weird things and following, basically funding
    1:39:12 quirks.
    1:39:15 You know, it’s like the membership program funds my quirks.
    1:39:17 And so I was doing all these walks.
    1:39:20 And I would take trains to kind of like go to the start of the walk or whatever.
    1:39:23 And like, there were all these cities I’d pass through.
    1:39:24 The Shinkansen would stop at.
    1:39:25 No one would get off at.
    1:39:27 And I always thought like, what is this city?
    1:39:35 And so in 2021, I decided to go on a 10 city tour of mid-sized cities that no one ever
    1:39:37 goes to across Japan.
    1:39:39 I went to Hakodate.
    1:39:41 I mean, these are like, people go to these cities a little bit.
    1:39:43 We call them the B side of Japan.
    1:39:52 So I went to Hakodate, Morioka, Sakata, Matsumoto, Suruga, Onomichi, Yamaguchi, Karatsu, Kagoshima,
    1:39:53 and Matsuyama.
    1:39:55 That was the 10 that I went to.
    1:40:03 And my thesis was, I would go to these cities, do three nights, four days in each city.
    1:40:07 And I would force myself to try to walk 50 kilometers inside of the city limits.
    1:40:13 My thesis was that if I tried to walk 50 kilometers, I was not only going to like touch most of the
    1:40:14 city.
    1:40:19 And in just doing that, having that weird rule of walking 50 kilometers, I was going to meet a bunch
    1:40:19 of people.
    1:40:20 It was going to be an adventure.
    1:40:22 And so I did that.
    1:40:23 I had an amazing time.
    1:40:26 The tour was called Tiny Barber Post Office.
    1:40:27 That’s what we named it for some reason.
    1:40:28 That was like, fine.
    1:40:29 That was what it was called.
    1:40:32 And I name all of my tours, strange tour names.
    1:40:33 And it was incredible.
    1:40:34 Incredible.
    1:40:36 That was in November, December, 2021.
    1:40:38 And then I was writing stuff for the New York Times.
    1:40:40 I do an article every now and then.
    1:40:45 And in the fall of 2022, my travel editors reached out to me.
    1:40:49 And as they reached out to hundreds of people a year and they say, hey, we’re doing our 52
    1:40:51 places to visit this year.
    1:40:53 And we want you to recommend somewhere.
    1:40:56 And I had done that 10-city tour.
    1:40:59 And one of the cities that really moved me, because the people were incredible.
    1:41:00 The coffee was great.
    1:41:01 There was a sense of independence.
    1:41:03 There was a vibrancy.
    1:41:04 The cityscape was beautiful.
    1:41:06 The history was interesting.
    1:41:12 It was an old castle town that had a beautiful park, two rivers connecting, a beautiful mountain.
    1:41:13 I was like, this is just a great city.
    1:41:19 And I was like, and literally in 23 years of living in Japan, not one person has ever told
    1:41:20 me to go to the city.
    1:41:23 So I’m going to effusively go to bat for the city to the New York Times.
    1:41:26 So I wrote my little pitch to the Times people.
    1:41:28 And they’re like, oh, that sounds great.
    1:41:34 And timing-wise, Japan had basically been under lockdown for COVID still.
    1:41:36 And it was just coming out at the end of 2022.
    1:41:39 And so this list comes out in January 2023.
    1:41:42 And so they don’t tell you where they’re going to put these places.
    1:41:45 And I knew that it had gotten in.
    1:41:47 Which city was it that you’d recommended?
    1:41:51 It was Morioka, which is up in Tohoku.
    1:41:52 It’s up in the north.
    1:41:53 It’s in Iwate Prefecture.
    1:41:57 If you go north on the Shinkansen, you go to Sendai, you go to like Fukushima, Sendai,
    1:41:59 and then everyone gets off.
    1:41:59 No one keeps going.
    1:42:01 Morioka is kind of like the next stop on the Shinkansen.
    1:42:05 So Morioka, I knew it was going to be in there.
    1:42:06 I had revised my pitch.
    1:42:08 You write a little 300-word article.
    1:42:10 And in January, the list comes out.
    1:42:12 Number one is London.
    1:42:14 And number two is Morioka.
    1:42:21 And Japan went bananas.
    1:42:25 They were just like, what is happening?
    1:42:31 Who put London and then Morioka?
    1:42:32 Like what?
    1:42:33 How?
    1:42:36 I mean, what would the equivalent be?
    1:42:42 It would be like Paris and then, I mean, not Flint, Michigan necessarily.
    1:42:44 I’m not throwing shade on Flint, Michigan.
    1:42:49 But I’m just imagining the response to a parallel universe.
    1:42:54 It would be shocking, right, for this place that everyone skips in Japan to end up number
    1:42:54 two.
    1:42:58 It’s a little bit like Asheville, North Carolina to a certain degree.
    1:43:03 But the difference is that Asheville people have pride in Asheville and they’re super psyched
    1:43:03 about Asheville.
    1:43:05 And they’d be like, yeah, yeah, number two after Paris.
    1:43:06 That makes sense.
    1:43:09 Japanese people, you know, aren’t like, oh, dude, our city’s awesome.
    1:43:13 Like, actually, that’s one of the things that these mid-sized cities kind of have to overcome.
    1:43:16 They can be great places, but they’re really bad at self-promoting.
    1:43:19 And they feel like, oh, you know, like maybe we aren’t that great or like, you know, yeah,
    1:43:22 we’re a cool city, but like we shouldn’t be number two, not after London.
    1:43:23 That doesn’t make sense.
    1:43:28 So it was this perfect storm of so many things happening.
    1:43:32 And then word got out to Japanese media that I spoke Japanese.
    1:43:34 And then that was the end of things.
    1:43:35 Like.
    1:43:36 The unlock.
    1:43:40 This tidal wave of.
    1:43:41 Pandora’s box.
    1:43:41 Holy crap.
    1:43:42 Enter stage left.
    1:43:48 Every single TV show, newspaper, magazine, radio show.
    1:43:53 I did 40 or 50 TV shows and radio shows in like three months.
    1:43:58 And so it was weird because you might be like, oh my God, this is my dream.
    1:44:00 Like I’m on media in Japan.
    1:44:02 Like, oh, I’m a famous like on the TV now.
    1:44:04 Like I had no desire to do this at all.
    1:44:10 And so the reason why I said yes to everything was I felt so bad for putting the spotlight on this place.
    1:44:16 And I felt like such a sense of duty to help them get the most out of it.
    1:44:20 And for them to gain the most benefit from this spotlight, which I knew could be really annoying.
    1:44:22 You know, they didn’t come to me.
    1:44:24 They weren’t saying, hey, like, please send people to Morioka.
    1:44:28 But I also knew it was remote enough that you wouldn’t get you.
    1:44:29 It wouldn’t suffer from over tourism.
    1:44:31 Like you weren’t going to suddenly have a trillion.
    1:44:33 The conversion wasn’t going to be off the charts.
    1:44:34 It wasn’t going to be off the charts.
    1:44:39 But I felt this real need to help them believe in themselves.
    1:44:44 And so it ended up being a duty and obligation for them to have pride.
    1:44:48 If I was speaking to anyone, I was speaking to like the kids in the town, the high school kids.
    1:44:52 I wanted to instill the sense of like, hey, your town is kind of amazing.
    1:44:53 There’s amazing companies coming out of it.
    1:44:55 There’s amazing cafes.
    1:44:57 There’s amazing music spots.
    1:45:03 These places only can exist because of this mid-sized city life baseline that they give you.
    1:45:04 Like the cost of living is quite low.
    1:45:06 Running a business is quite low.
    1:45:09 And yet you have universal health care and like all these other infrastructures there.
    1:45:10 You got the Shinkansen, blah, blah, blah.
    1:45:16 And so like, if you do go to study in university in Tokyo, think about coming back because your city is kind of amazing.
    1:45:18 So that was kind of my theory.
    1:45:19 And that’s why I went on and did all these shows.
    1:45:22 That was really bizarre and really surreal.
    1:45:23 And I thought, okay, great.
    1:45:24 Six months of doing that.
    1:45:26 That’s the end of that.
    1:45:30 Last year, the New York Times asked me again.
    1:45:34 And I was like, okay, yeah, I’ll recommend another city, Yamaguchi, one of the other places I went to.
    1:45:35 I was like, this is a really cool place.
    1:45:38 They put it at number three on the list last year.
    1:45:41 Again, just this torrent.
    1:45:43 And by then I was pretty good at it.
    1:45:44 Good at which aspect?
    1:45:52 I was good at judoing the conversation into like weird places because they would be like,
    1:45:57 all the typical questions are like, uh, Modo-san, like, what’s your favorite noodle in Morioka?
    1:46:01 And I’d be like, my favorite noodle is universal healthcare.
    1:46:06 You know, it’s like, because I was like, the really interesting thing isn’t the noodles.
    1:46:11 It’s the fact that like these, these places exist and they exist because we have a good healthcare
    1:46:12 system here.
    1:46:13 And everyone’s like, oh my God.
    1:46:13 Yeah.
    1:46:14 We’ve never thought of that.
    1:46:17 So those conversations were really fun to have.
    1:46:19 The peak of it was last year.
    1:46:21 I’ve never owned a TV in Japan.
    1:46:22 I’ve never watched TV in Japan.
    1:46:24 I don’t know anything about Japanese pop culture.
    1:46:26 I just don’t have an interest in it.
    1:46:30 I have a vague sense of celebrities, but I really don’t know who they are.
    1:46:33 I got this email and I get so many emails.
    1:46:37 I had to hire an assistant just to deal with media arbitrage because it was, there was just
    1:46:38 so much coming in.
    1:46:41 And I got this email and I ignored it.
    1:46:45 And then the team reached out to the soba shop in Morioka that I’m like, I’m friends with
    1:46:46 the owner now.
    1:46:49 And they were like, hey, Modo-san won’t respond to us.
    1:46:49 Can you poke him?
    1:46:56 And this soba guy, this soba guy reaches out to me and he’s like, he’s like, Modo-san, you
    1:46:57 need to do this TV show.
    1:47:00 This is like the biggest TV celebrity in Japan.
    1:47:05 And he will only come to Morioka if you agree to come and walk with him.
    1:47:07 And I was like, who is this guy?
    1:47:09 I was like, I don’t really want to do this.
    1:47:11 And I was like, I’m going to do this other walk.
    1:47:13 And like, the timing is really bad.
    1:47:14 I don’t, I really didn’t want to do it.
    1:47:19 The team came out and met me and they’re like, please, Modo-san, do this thing with this guy.
    1:47:19 And like, da, da, da.
    1:47:24 And I was like, okay, this will be my final gift to the city because like, clearly everyone
    1:47:29 loves this guy and he’s never been to the city and he wants to do a special about the city.
    1:47:32 And we’re going to walk together for two days or all around the city and just talk to people.
    1:47:34 And I was like, okay, fine, let’s do it.
    1:47:42 So we did this thing and it was the craziest experience I’ve ever had in public in my life.
    1:47:45 So this guy’s name is Tamori-san, Tamori, T-A-M-O-R-I.
    1:47:47 He’s 80 years old now.
    1:47:51 He’s been on TV every day for like 55 years.
    1:47:54 He literally every day, like he hasn’t been canceled.
    1:47:55 There’s no Me Too stuff about him.
    1:47:58 He’s like, I think he’s like genuinely like a pretty good guy.
    1:47:59 He’s smart.
    1:48:00 He loves history.
    1:48:05 He has a walking show called Buddha Tamori that ran for like decades.
    1:48:08 You know, John watches it and like the theme music comes on.
    1:48:08 He starts crying.
    1:48:10 Like people like just love this guy, right?
    1:48:13 And I didn’t know anything about him.
    1:48:15 I literally knew nothing about this guy.
    1:48:17 And we meet up and he’s got this team.
    1:48:21 It’s like a 30 person crew of this TV shoot.
    1:48:22 There’s like five cameras.
    1:48:24 Like everyone’s holding like mics and stuff.
    1:48:29 The first shoot was in front of the trade station and they’re like, okay, Modo-san, stand here.
    1:48:35 And then there was like another announcer with us, this like beautiful young woman who was like kind of like also just in the mix, like talking about history.
    1:48:38 And she was standing there and then they’re like, okay, we’re set.
    1:48:40 Call out Tamori-san, bring him out.
    1:48:42 He comes out of like this like vault in a van.
    1:48:43 You know, he’s like, protect it.
    1:48:45 And we hadn’t been introduced.
    1:48:47 And I’m just like, what is happening?
    1:48:50 And this like tiny little dude in a suit with sunglasses on.
    1:48:52 He lost his eye when he was a kid.
    1:48:54 So his thing is he always wears these dark sunglasses.
    1:49:00 He comes out and he stands him next to me and they’re like, okay, all right, start all.
    1:49:03 You know, like it was like totally this lost in translation moment.
    1:49:06 And Tamori-san is like, you go so.
    1:49:07 He’s like, Tamori desu.
    1:49:10 And then the woman’s like, whatever her name is, Mori desu.
    1:49:13 And then I just go, ah, I just scream.
    1:49:16 And I grabbed Tamori-san and I start shaking him.
    1:49:19 And I go, we have to hug before this starts.
    1:49:26 And the crew, I swear to God, like six people almost committed ritual suicide in front of us.
    1:49:33 Like I had never seen people so terrified that I like, I don’t think anyone had ever touched Tamori-san before.
    1:49:36 And like, I’m like, he’s this tiny little dude.
    1:49:37 I was just like, dude, we got to say hello.
    1:49:39 We can’t just, I don’t know what I’m doing.
    1:49:41 I’ve never done a TV show like this before.
    1:49:42 Wait, hold on.
    1:49:43 How did he respond to that?
    1:49:46 Did it just go into like a deathly silence?
    1:49:49 Was he like taking it back?
    1:49:50 And then thought it was awesome?
    1:49:54 He kind of laughed and he was just like, what, who is this joker?
    1:49:55 I thought we had a pro.
    1:49:57 Like, you know, it’s like, I’m like, sorry.
    1:49:59 Sorry, Tamori-san.
    1:50:00 I don’t know what the hell I’m doing.
    1:50:03 I’ve just, you know, I’m like a talking head on TV if I’m doing anything.
    1:50:05 I’m not like doing location stuff.
    1:50:09 So anyway, that was trial by fire, ice bath to start it.
    1:50:15 And we’re walking through town and it is like walking with John Lennon.
    1:50:17 It is insane.
    1:50:20 People are stopping their cars.
    1:50:21 Buses are screeching.
    1:50:25 Construction workers are screaming down, Tamori-san, ohio gozaimasu!
    1:50:30 Like, we went to the market and there were like hundreds of people in the morning market.
    1:50:32 And it was like Moses parting the Red Sea.
    1:50:34 Old ladies were jumping up and down crying.
    1:50:37 I was getting this contact high.
    1:50:43 I had never like been in proximity with someone for whom the beams of love were so intense.
    1:50:45 And it was just like, what is going on?
    1:50:47 And everyone in town knew who I was too.
    1:50:48 I was like, Molo-san.
    1:50:54 And so everyone was coming up to me and like hugging me and being like, Molo-san, you brought Tamori-san to our town.
    1:50:58 And like shaking my hand and like, Molo-san, thank you so much for bringing Tamori.
    1:51:01 And I was just like, what the fuck is going on?
    1:51:03 Because I had no cultural context.
    1:51:06 I was just like, all right, I’ll do this thing with this guy.
    1:51:08 Everyone wants me to do it.
    1:51:08 Sure, let’s do it.
    1:51:10 That was the peak of it.
    1:51:11 Pretty insane.
    1:51:13 Pretty insane.
    1:51:30 Yeah, and just for those who might think you’re exaggerating about his ubiquitous appearance on television, I just looked him up and I’m like, oh yeah, I saw that guy every time the fucking television was on when I was 15 as an exchange student.
    1:51:33 Literally 55 years every day, TV.
    1:51:34 Consistently.
    1:51:35 Yeah.
    1:51:36 Just incredible.
    1:51:40 So have you retreated into the cave of creativity?
    1:51:44 Have you forsaken the glamorous television life?
    1:51:50 Or are you going to put something at number three or four again, and then you’re going to get thrown right back into the arena?
    1:51:54 Well, this year I recommended Toyama City, and that one was on the list.
    1:51:56 Not three or four, but they learned their lesson.
    1:51:58 It’s kind of a one trick.
    1:51:59 You can’t do that every year.
    1:52:04 But it beat Osaka, because Osaka has the Expo this year, and it was ranked higher than Osaka.
    1:52:11 But now, what’s happened, what’s really interesting is that the 52 Places thing is now a brand, and it kind of doesn’t matter where you are.
    1:52:13 And just to be on it is a big deal.
    1:52:16 And it’s become Moldo-san’s pick of the year.
    1:52:23 And everyone in January is waiting with bated breath to see what city I’m going to pick.
    1:52:28 And I get emails constantly from cities that are like, please, come walk in our city.
    1:52:33 Like, we’d love to have you walk by the coast in this city, you know, in the middle of nowhere, you know, over here and whatnot.
    1:52:34 It’s very sweet.
    1:52:37 But I now batch it all.
    1:52:44 Toyama wanted me to come out and meet the mayor, meet the governor, and kind of do some press stuff talking about why I picked the city.
    1:52:45 And I’m going to do that all in the fall.
    1:52:47 I was just too busy in the spring.
    1:52:50 I just got too much going on with the random house stuff.
    1:53:00 What has been the economic impact, if you have any idea, what has been the economic impact of this spotlight that you’ve put on these different cities?
    1:53:03 So Morioka has definitely been the biggest one.
    1:53:08 And in part, that was because Morioka had a couple key people in the city who were really good at promoting.
    1:53:12 So, like, they, when this happened, they were ready to run with it.
    1:53:13 They were, like, totally prepared.
    1:53:18 So they were able to, I think, catalyze more activity, more inbound.
    1:53:20 It’s not just inbound from abroad.
    1:53:26 It’s a lot of, like, Japanese people traveling to these cities now, too, because, like, just a buzz picks up.
    1:53:28 People moving to the cities.
    1:53:36 So one study was done, and I think they estimated the impact in Morioka over, like, the first two years is something, like, close to $100 million.
    1:53:43 Like, a financial impact, which, like, I wrote 300 words.
    1:53:47 So whatever that is, that’s, like, hundreds of thousands of dollars of impact per word.
    1:53:48 That’s so cool.
    1:53:51 I’m never, ever, ever going to impact something like that.
    1:53:52 I mean, that’s just insane.
    1:53:54 We’ll see.
    1:53:55 Yeah.
    1:53:56 We’ll see, Modo-san.
    1:53:57 We’ll see.
    1:54:01 But it’s been two years and change in Morioka.
    1:54:01 I was just there.
    1:54:02 I just launched a book there.
    1:54:08 I ended up forming this relationship with a great indie publisher, and we put out a Japanese edition of Kisa by Kisa.
    1:54:10 We launched it in Morioka.
    1:54:17 It was so wonderful to be able to do this event in the town and have everyone come out and see everyone.
    1:54:22 And honestly, I think it’s been almost entirely positive.
    1:54:27 And it has added this, like, a bit of vigor to the town that maybe wasn’t there before.
    1:54:29 And it has not burdened them.
    1:54:31 And I think it’s been really heartening to see.
    1:54:33 And it’s kind of a relief for me as well.
    1:54:36 Two years later, I didn’t ruin this place.
    1:54:37 Yeah.
    1:54:37 I’m just real great.
    1:54:38 It wasn’t the hug of death.
    1:54:39 It wasn’t the hug of death.
    1:54:40 Thank God.
    1:54:43 If you’re listening, you should totally go check out Morioka if you get a chance.
    1:54:45 It’s a cool place.
    1:54:53 What is a place you have not written about in the New York Times or shared widely that people should check out in Japan?
    1:54:56 If they do not speak Japanese, I’ll just make that a condition.
    1:55:02 Well, so when I recommended Yamaguchi City, part of it was because there’s a great walk there.
    1:55:04 And it’s called the Hagi-Oukan.
    1:55:08 And it connects Yamaguchi and Hagi City.
    1:55:09 And it’s a two-day walk.
    1:55:10 You can actually do it in one day.
    1:55:12 If you really power through, you can plow through in one day.
    1:55:14 There is an inn to stay at in the middle.
    1:55:16 It’s above a tofu shop.
    1:55:17 Oh, that one.
    1:55:18 What’s it called?
    1:55:19 I just stayed there last week.
    1:55:23 Anyway, if you search for the inn on the Hagi-Oukan, it’s the only one that pops up.
    1:55:24 How do you spell that?
    1:55:31 H-A-G-I, Hagi, and then O-K-A-N, Okan.
    1:55:33 Anyway, it connects to Hagi City.
    1:55:42 And Hagi City is this really beautiful, kind of very undervisited, mainly because it’s kind of a pain in the butt to get to.
    1:55:53 But a great combo would be to go to Yamaguchi City, which has Yuda Onsen, which is a great little onsen town that’s basically connected with Yamaguchi.
    1:56:04 And there’s an amazing inn called San Sui En, which is a beautiful Bunkazai, cultural heritage inn from Taisho era.
    1:56:06 So it’s about 100 years old.
    1:56:11 Amazing baths, beautiful gardens, wonderful owners.
    1:56:12 The original family still owns it.
    1:56:16 And you can walk from there over the Hagi-Oukan to Hagi.
    1:56:17 And I’d say spend a couple of days in Hagi.
    1:56:18 It’s an incredible city.
    1:56:20 This is good.
    1:56:33 We’ll introduce a little friction for people who want to hunt down this Easter egg of sorts, meaning the inn, near, or off of, or inn, Hagi-Oukan.
    1:56:42 You can send that to me afterwards, and we’ll put that in the show notes for people so they can track that down if they’re sufficiently motivated.
    1:56:46 You can stay there if you don’t speak Japanese, but the people who run it don’t speak English.
    1:56:48 But you can figure it out.
    1:56:49 It’s a little bit of work.
    1:56:53 Google Translate’s become pretty good, and other tools like that.
    1:56:54 The tofu’s amazing.
    1:56:55 The dinner is amazing, truly.
    1:56:56 All right.
    1:57:08 We’re going to keep this particular part short, but lest people think you’ve only done big walks in Japan, where are other places outside of Japan where you’ve done big walks?
    1:57:11 Well, I haven’t done big solo walks.
    1:57:12 Not solo.
    1:57:12 Elsewhere.
    1:57:14 But I’ve done the walk and talks.
    1:57:16 Walk and talks with Kevin Kelly.
    1:57:17 I did the Nakasendo with Kevin.
    1:57:19 Then Hugh Howey comes out.
    1:57:20 We did Kumano Kodo.
    1:57:21 And then we were so excited by that.
    1:57:26 We’ve done now, I don’t even know how many, seven or eight or nine others around the world.
    1:57:28 We’ve done Southern China, Thailand.
    1:57:30 We’ve walked across Bali.
    1:57:32 We’ve done England twice.
    1:57:35 We’ve done Japan with bigger groups again.
    1:57:38 It’s been great.
    1:57:45 We’ve done Spain once, and I’m actually doing Spain again with him, a different part of the Santiago, Camino de Santiago, next week.
    1:57:46 We’re heading out next week.
    1:57:47 Oh, wow.
    1:57:47 Yeah.
    1:57:48 Yeah.
    1:57:49 I’m busy.
    1:57:50 It is a busy period.
    1:57:52 Kevin’s an enthusiastic walker as well.
    1:57:55 And both England trips were the Cotswold Way?
    1:57:56 Cotswolds, yeah.
    1:58:00 And I also did, independent of Kevin, I walked with another friend.
    1:58:04 We did Wayne’s Rite coast to coast, which is in northern England.
    1:58:09 And it starts in the Lake District on the west, and you walk across the coast to coast across the country.
    1:58:12 And that is pretty amazing.
    1:58:13 It’s 300 kilometers.
    1:58:16 It takes about 10 to 12 days.
    1:58:18 And that is beautiful.
    1:58:25 If you think of England, and as you should, you think of it as rolling hills, Lake District is like serious mountains.
    1:58:26 It’s very cool.
    1:58:27 It’s very beautiful.
    1:58:28 It’s wonderful.
    1:58:30 Highly recommend it.
    1:58:38 So what I also highly recommend is that people go to the source of all good things, CraigMott.com.
    1:58:45 And if you go to CraigMott.com slash Ridgeline, one word, slash 176, you can also just Google this.
    1:58:46 It’ll be a lot easier.
    1:58:49 The Walk and Talk, subtitle, Everything We Know.
    1:58:54 This describes how you and Kevin architect these Walk and Talks.
    1:58:59 And I’ve had the good fortune to walk with you guys.
    1:59:06 And the basic idea, there’s a lot more to it, but the basic idea is you are walking extensively every day.
    1:59:14 And then you have a group meal at the end of the day, which is Jeffersonian style, meaning there’s only one conversation.
    1:59:21 And the participants in the walk get to choose the topic or the question that they want people to explore.
    1:59:22 And it’s wonderful.
    1:59:24 It is just such a lovely experience.
    1:59:43 And so counter to so much of what we experience, as you described it earlier, with the increasingly contracted feedback loops of social media and so on, which we’re not evolved to metabolize very well.
    1:59:45 So I encourage people to check that out.
    1:59:46 We’ll put the link in the show notes.
    1:59:49 Craig, I have a very important question that I need to ask you.
    1:59:53 And that is, is Maude your birth name?
    1:59:55 Where does Maude come into things?
    2:00:06 Maude is not my birth name, but because I’m adopted, the parents who adopted me got divorced when I was basically 18 months, two years old or whatever.
    2:00:12 And my father, whose name I ended up keeping, and my mother didn’t go back to her maiden name.
    2:00:16 There was a point in teenage years where it just seemed weird.
    2:00:18 He wasn’t raising me.
    2:00:20 He literally taught me nothing.
    2:00:22 He was like an anti-archetype.
    2:00:23 He was like, okay, this is like what you shouldn’t do.
    2:00:25 Ha-men-kyo-shika.
    2:00:26 Yeah, exactly.
    2:00:26 Exactly.
    2:00:27 Yes.
    2:00:27 The opposite.
    2:00:28 Opposite teacher.
    2:00:29 Opposite teacher.
    2:00:33 It’s somebody who role models the opposite of what you want to do.
    2:00:39 So look, he had a really tough childhood and he came from a place bereft of archetypes as well.
    2:00:41 And so he didn’t know how to be a dad.
    2:00:44 But anyway, it just seemed weird to kind of have this name.
    2:00:46 And so, yeah, no, I just changed it.
    2:01:05 That is a little ET Reese’s Pieces trail to lure you into telling the fucking wild story related to the recent chapters in your adoption journey.
    2:01:11 I will cue that up and you can tackle it any way you want.
    2:01:16 I think adopted people in general, you can have very different experiences of being adopted.
    2:01:24 But I think a common one is, like I explained in part one of what we were talking about in my history, you know, you feel apart from things.
    2:01:29 You do not feel necessarily of a group, of a family.
    2:01:33 The family who adopted you can do all the right things and you can still not feel that way.
    2:01:40 You feel like there’s kind of a mythology out there elsewhere and it can kind of haunt you, you know.
    2:01:44 And I think different people can want different things from that mythology.
    2:01:52 And as 23andMe and Ancestry.com and all these like DNA testing things have become more and more commonplace, I think it’s become more and more easy for people to find out who their birth parents are.
    2:02:02 And so all of my life, you know, I had never really been that curious about who my birth parents were.
    2:02:08 Part of it is, I think you don’t want to dishonor your adoptive parents by having this.
    2:02:18 And I think if I was going to give a piece of advice to adoptive parents, it would be, you have to work so hard to remove the stigma of curiosity around where you come from as an, for an adopted kid.
    2:02:21 And you actually have to have so many more conversations than you think you have to have.
    2:02:31 You have to really get the taboo out by airing that conversation over and over and over again, beating it to death and to a certain degree to say, hey, you know, like, do you want to look up your genetic background?
    2:02:34 If you ever want to connect with your birth mother, let me help you.
    2:02:35 I’m here to help you.
    2:02:36 I’m here to give you support for that.
    2:02:38 My family didn’t do any of that.
    2:02:42 So I think I kind of suppressed a lot of the curiosity, but it’s always there.
    2:02:49 And the one thing I did have, as I explained last time, was I had adoption paper notes and my birth mother was 13 when she got pregnant.
    2:02:55 And my birth father, according to the adoption notes, there was a car accident and he was murdered at the site of the car accident.
    2:02:55 So he was dead.
    2:02:57 And that’s all I knew.
    2:03:03 And I joined 23andMe like 12 years ago and I got, you know, whatever, fourth cousin hit.
    2:03:04 We’re probably like third cousins or something.
    2:03:06 You know, it’s like everyone’s a fourth cousin, fifth cousin.
    2:03:10 It’s sort of meaningless and nothing really close.
    2:03:16 And then I was on actually a walk in England two years ago, three years ago now, three years ago with Kevin and everyone.
    2:03:18 I was like, yeah, you know, I did 23andMe.
    2:03:20 And they’re like, oh, dude, you got to do Ancestry.
    2:03:21 That’s where everyone is.
    2:03:22 And I was like, really?
    2:03:23 I was like, all right.
    2:03:24 I came back, did Ancestry.
    2:03:27 And lo and behold, boom, there’s my mom.
    2:03:30 And it was like, oh, okay.
    2:03:31 I guess, yeah, people are on Ancestry.
    2:03:33 So I get a name.
    2:03:38 I was mainly interested just in genetic history and health history.
    2:03:44 You crest 40 and if you have things you want to live for, you start thinking about health.
    2:03:45 Stuff just starts popping up.
    2:03:53 And my relationship with my stepdaughter became so profound to me in the last five years and gave me such a strong sense of self-worth.
    2:03:55 All of this other stuff was ratcheting up.
    2:04:00 Like I talked about the sense of scarcity, this lack of myself having value that I felt all through my 20s.
    2:04:08 And if there’s one thing that supercharged all of it, of abundance and value, self-value, it was the relationship with my stepdaughter.
    2:04:17 And particularly when she was 8, 9, 10, 11 years old and working through conflicts with her, not big conflicts, just weird little things.
    2:04:18 We’d get in these little fights.
    2:04:19 She wouldn’t get up to go to school.
    2:04:22 I’d like squirt her with a water bottle and then she wouldn’t like talk to me for three weeks.
    2:04:28 That stuff, you know, it’s just like, whatever, little girls could be kind of insane sometimes.
    2:04:36 And like, I was driven to such places of sadness by that because I had never seen reconciliation.
    2:04:38 I’d never had that modeled for me.
    2:04:44 And I thought this little girl is going to throw me away because that was my default for all of my relationships in my life.
    2:04:45 This person can throw me away.
    2:04:51 And what I realized was, not only does she not want to throw me away, she really wants to reconcile.
    2:04:53 She really wants to repair things.
    2:04:57 And she desperately, desperately wants even more of me in her life.
    2:05:04 And once we went through a few cycles of like, she kind of got upset at me for something dumb or whatever, like, you know, she was acting up or whatever.
    2:05:05 And I was like, I took away her iPad or something.
    2:05:13 And once we went through a few cycles of that, I realized how much of a great dad I could be.
    2:05:16 And that was something I never believed because I’d never had it modeled for me.
    2:05:20 And so this is an important thing to cue up, you know, connecting with my birth mom.
    2:05:28 Because by the time we matched on Ancestry, I had gone through so many, I think, iterations of self.
    2:05:34 And the self I was when we connected, when we matched, I was really proud of.
    2:05:36 And I felt really good about it.
    2:05:36 And I believed in my value.
    2:05:38 I had like empirical evidence of it.
    2:05:44 And I was anonymous on Ancestry because I’m protective of a lot of stuff.
    2:05:49 Even though I’m like being quite open here, I’m also quite protective as you are to a certain degree, as we all are.
    2:05:51 And so she couldn’t see my name.
    2:05:53 And we matched.
    2:05:56 And then we didn’t send each other a message for a year.
    2:05:59 And I was just like, oh, okay, she doesn’t want to match.
    2:06:00 Maybe her family made her join.
    2:06:02 You know, she has a traumatic experience.
    2:06:06 In my mind, it was like being pregnant with me was tremendously traumatic.
    2:06:10 And I was like, okay, I don’t want to rustle her feathers.
    2:06:11 I don’t want to disrupt her life.
    2:06:12 I had her name.
    2:06:13 I found out everything about her.
    2:06:15 I could just like Google, you know, you get all the records.
    2:06:17 I knew where she worked.
    2:06:18 I knew where she lived at her home address.
    2:06:19 I knew who she was married to.
    2:06:20 I knew she had been divorced.
    2:06:21 Like all this stuff.
    2:06:22 I could see that.
    2:06:23 And I was like, okay, cool.
    2:06:25 Like I just kind of know who this person is.
    2:06:27 I don’t feel the need to meet her.
    2:06:29 I don’t feel this need for like a mom.
    2:06:30 Like I have my mom.
    2:06:32 Like I don’t need another mom.
    2:06:33 Like there was none of that.
    2:06:39 And then a year later, she sent me a message that just said, hi, with like no punctuation.
    2:06:41 And it was like, hi, I think we’re related.
    2:06:42 Do you live in Japan?
    2:06:44 It was like the weirdest message.
    2:06:46 And it was like, you think we’re related.
    2:06:48 We share 50% of DNA.
    2:06:50 Like we’re definitely related.
    2:06:55 And it triggered this thing in me where I was like, I grew up with not having a lot of adults
    2:06:57 be adults around me.
    2:07:10 And she sent this message and it just made me feel like, okay, here’s another adult who doesn’t want to do the hard emotional work of being the adult, of being a parent in this situation and being like, hey, I’m your mom.
    2:07:12 This is great to match.
    2:07:13 I joined because of these reasons.
    2:07:14 Would you like to connect?
    2:07:15 Da, da, da.
    2:07:17 Instead, it’s this weird, cryptic, bizarro message.
    2:07:21 So I didn’t respond for three months.
    2:07:28 And then I finally, like after stewing on it for a while, I was like, okay, what would I want to get if I was her, who I had this kid when I was 13, 14.
    2:07:32 And so I wrote her this message that I stayed anonymous in.
    2:07:34 I said, look, I just like kind of outlined my life.
    2:07:42 And I just, I was like, look, not everything has been easy, but I’ve gotten to this place and I’ve been really lucky and I’ve been really blessed in a lot of ways.
    2:07:46 And I have this amazing relationship with this young daughter.
    2:07:54 And I, you know, I’ve been successful in many ways and like, I’m so grateful and I can only imagine how hard it was for you to have done what you did.
    2:07:56 And thank you for having me.
    2:08:05 And thank you for going through the process of putting me up for adoption, basically like to assuage any sense of worry about who I might be or what had happened to me to give her that gift.
    2:08:10 And so I sent her that message and I’m still anonymous and I get no response from her.
    2:08:11 And I’m like, oh my God.
    2:08:11 Okay.
    2:08:13 This is like a lost cause.
    2:08:22 And then three months after that, I get this message and it’s like, oh my God, I don’t have notifications turned on for Ancestry.
    2:08:24 I am so sorry.
    2:08:36 And it’s a 5,000 word letter that is the most emotionally intelligent, beautiful, thoughtful thing I had ever gotten.
    2:08:40 And it was just like, this person is so tuned in.
    2:08:42 And I was like, what do I do with this?
    2:08:43 I was like, so overwhelmed.
    2:08:47 I was launching my fine art edition of T-Bot and like things become other things and doing all this.
    2:08:49 I was like, oh my God, how do I process this?
    2:08:53 And then a week later, she sends me another 5,000 word letter.
    2:08:56 And she’s like, I’m so crushed that I didn’t respond to your other message.
    2:08:58 I just want to tell you about my childhood.
    2:09:00 I want to tell you about like where you came from.
    2:09:02 I want to tell you about like the family you come from.
    2:09:06 And like, I’m the youngest of five siblings and my father died when I was nine.
    2:09:10 And so like, I had to work at a sandwich shop when I was 13 and I was super entrepreneurial.
    2:09:15 And like, it was just like, we had pet turtles and I had three goldfish and six cats and this thing and that thing.
    2:09:19 And I was like, oh my God, I couldn’t process it.
    2:09:23 I wasn’t ready for someone to be so hungry.
    2:09:26 And she was just like, I know you may not want to meet.
    2:09:29 I am happy to talk on whatever terms you want to talk on.
    2:09:30 Here’s my address.
    2:09:31 Here’s my phone number.
    2:09:32 Here’s my email.
    2:09:34 And I was just like, I couldn’t process it.
    2:09:36 And I had so much going on in my life.
    2:09:41 And I sent her a little email at the end of the, a little message at the end of the year, still anonymous.
    2:09:43 I just said, hey, look, I’m so overwhelmed.
    2:09:44 I’m going to get back to you in the new year.
    2:09:45 And she’s like, no worries.
    2:09:45 Don’t worry.
    2:09:47 I didn’t respond.
    2:09:48 Mother’s Day comes.
    2:09:49 She sends me a letter.
    2:09:50 I’m thinking about you on Mother’s Day.
    2:09:55 Like, I hope you’re with your adoptive mom and I hope she’s giving you a big, I’m just like, oh my God.
    2:09:57 Like now I’m a terrible son to like two moms.
    2:09:58 And like, I haven’t even met this person.
    2:10:00 And finally, I’m with Kevin.
    2:10:01 We’re on a walk.
    2:10:01 We’re in Bali.
    2:10:03 I’m talking about this.
    2:10:06 And Kevin just goes, Craig, just go have lunch with her.
    2:10:09 And I was like, you know what?
    2:10:10 Yeah, screw it.
    2:10:10 All right.
    2:10:12 I messaged her, still anonymous.
    2:10:14 I said, hey, how about we get lunch in August?
    2:10:15 I’ll be in Chicago.
    2:10:16 I’ll meet you out there.
    2:10:17 She lives in Chicago.
    2:10:18 And she was like, great.
    2:10:20 Let’s do it this day, this time, blah, blah, blah.
    2:10:21 We set it up.
    2:10:23 I’m still anonymous.
    2:10:24 I still haven’t told her my name.
    2:10:25 I’m like, I don’t want her to Google.
    2:10:27 I don’t want her to know anything.
    2:10:28 I fly out to Chicago.
    2:10:30 Pretty nervous.
    2:10:32 Don’t know what to expect.
    2:10:36 But also, I’m not going into this needing something.
    2:10:37 I’m not like, oh, I need her to be this.
    2:10:38 I need this relationship.
    2:10:40 I’m just like, this is kind of a fun adventure.
    2:10:42 Like, let’s go meet this person.
    2:10:44 She’s standing outside this like steakhouse that she booked for lunch.
    2:10:49 And I see her and I like, hi, you know, I’m the anonymous weirdo that I’m like, I apologize
    2:10:51 for not like telling her my name before we met.
    2:10:58 I give her a big hug and we go into this steakhouse and sit down and it takes us two hours before
    2:11:00 we order drinks.
    2:11:04 Like, it was just, we sat down in this booth.
    2:11:08 The waitress came over and was just like, honey, you’ve got something going on.
    2:11:10 I’ll come back when you’re ready.
    2:11:16 And she goes, I’ve been thinking about you every day on your birthday.
    2:11:21 And she pulls out of her wallet a baby photo of me that the adoption agency had given her.
    2:11:24 And she goes, I’ve been carrying around this my whole life.
    2:11:30 And she goes, I have thought about you every year.
    2:11:32 I’ve wondered who you’ve become.
    2:11:36 And I’ve never once felt bad.
    2:11:39 I have no negative feelings.
    2:11:41 I have no negative emotions around the experience.
    2:11:47 Actually getting pregnant with you, it was this accident, but it was totally copacetic.
    2:11:48 And by the way, your father’s still alive.
    2:11:50 I lied.
    2:11:50 She was 13.
    2:11:54 She’s like, he was 22 and that was going to cause a bunch of problems.
    2:11:57 So I just picked a guy out of the newspaper who had been murdered.
    2:11:58 And I said, that was the father.
    2:11:59 I was like, oh my God.
    2:12:04 She was so strong-headed.
    2:12:08 She was just like, I was just going to handle this pregnancy on my own.
    2:12:10 But in the end, my sisters helped me out.
    2:12:12 I moved out with my aunt and uncle in Connecticut.
    2:12:13 That’s how you ended up in Connecticut.
    2:12:15 And everyone was so supportive.
    2:12:16 And it was so beautiful.
    2:12:18 And it was such a great experience.
    2:12:20 And the school, the high school supported me.
    2:12:21 And they gave me a mentor.
    2:12:25 And she’s like, when I gave birth to you in the hospital, I held you.
    2:12:27 I could only hold you for two days.
    2:12:28 And I wrote you a letter.
    2:12:29 Did you get the letter I wrote?
    2:12:30 I was just like, oh my God.
    2:12:32 It’s just, she’s telling me all this.
    2:12:36 And my Genesis story is just being completely reconfigured in real time.
    2:12:37 And I don’t know what to do with it.
    2:12:38 And she tells me her story.
    2:12:41 And she’s just like, she’s a computer programmer.
    2:12:42 And she runs a consultancy.
    2:12:44 And she’s totally self-taught.
    2:12:48 She’s like, I bought my first car at 16, my second at 18, my first house when I was 24.
    2:12:50 I was just like, who are you?
    2:12:52 And we’re sitting there.
    2:12:59 And I just go, this is the first time ever in my life that I understand where my brain
    2:13:00 comes from.
    2:13:04 We have some features that it wasn’t like looking into a mirror, but it was like listening to
    2:13:08 someone who had jacked into my brain talking about their life.
    2:13:12 Like they had used my, I was like, that’s, this is where my brain comes from.
    2:13:15 Because no one in my family has any of the impulses I have.
    2:13:17 No one I grew up with has any of these impulses.
    2:13:21 And it was just so clear, like how she handled everything
    2:13:23 in her life is exactly how I’ve handled everything in my life.
    2:13:25 And it was this, it was so surreal.
    2:13:27 And she goes, do you have friends in Chicago?
    2:13:28 And I go, yeah, I have friends.
    2:13:29 I’m going to have dinner with one tonight.
    2:13:31 And she goes, you have dinner plans?
    2:13:33 And I was like, yeah, I thought we were just getting lunch.
    2:13:36 She’s like, I got us tickets to the symphony.
    2:13:38 I got us a riverboat ride.
    2:13:39 We have pizza dinner.
    2:13:40 I was just like, oh my God.
    2:13:42 I’m like, obviously I’m going to cancel my plans.
    2:13:45 You know, like, of course, let’s go to the symphony.
    2:13:51 And we ended up, you know, spending the whole day talking, going to the symphony, going to get pizza.
    2:13:53 It was so surreal.
    2:13:56 And at the end of it all, we were going to do more.
    2:13:58 And I just said, look, I need to be alone now.
    2:13:59 And she’s like, I totally get it.
    2:14:01 And she gave me this little gift basket.
    2:14:04 And the whole time, we hadn’t cried.
    2:14:05 We hadn’t gotten emotional.
    2:14:10 At the end of brunch on Sunday, she goes, I can’t tell you how much this meant to me.
    2:14:12 Thank you for trusting me.
    2:14:13 Thank you for meeting up.
    2:14:15 This means so much.
    2:14:17 And I hope this isn’t the end of this relationship.
    2:14:20 And here’s this gift basket.
    2:14:21 She’s like, don’t look at it now.
    2:14:22 It’s embarrassing.
    2:14:24 And I opened it up later.
    2:14:27 And it had, like, chocolate bars and Twizzlers.
    2:14:32 And it had this, like, this print-on-demand book of, like, my entire family tree.
    2:14:34 And history and family photos.
    2:14:35 And, like, my grandparents.
    2:14:37 And, you know, all of her brothers and sisters.
    2:14:39 And this is who you come from.
    2:14:41 And this is, like, when they came to America.
    2:14:44 And it was just, like, the whole thing was just so overwhelming and so moving.
    2:14:48 And I feel like the timing of it was so perfect.
    2:14:53 Because I could go to that meeting with her, not needing anything from it.
    2:14:54 To just be there in the moment.
    2:14:56 To be totally, radically present.
    2:14:57 Focused.
    2:15:01 And also just so, I know this sounds weird to say, but proud of who I was.
    2:15:02 Who I had become.
    2:15:04 To say hello to her.
    2:15:04 To meet her.
    2:15:07 And you just saw it in her as well.
    2:15:08 Like, I was like, oh, I’m doing this thing.
    2:15:10 And she’s like, I can’t believe you’re my son.
    2:15:11 She was just so proud.
    2:15:13 And it was obviously on Saturday night.
    2:15:13 She went home.
    2:15:15 She went back to the hotel Saturday night.
    2:15:16 And she called everybody.
    2:15:19 She called her aunt and uncle who she stayed with when she gave birth to me.
    2:15:22 I started getting all these emails from cousins.
    2:15:25 You know, I get this email from someone in, like, Wyoming.
    2:15:26 They’re like, hey, I run a flower shop in Wyoming.
    2:15:27 I’m 33.
    2:15:27 I’m your cousin.
    2:15:28 Like, let’s do a Zoom.
    2:15:29 I’m like, what?
    2:15:32 I’ve suddenly got all these aunts and uncles, all these cousins.
    2:15:33 I’ve got this whole family.
    2:15:36 And she was, like, obviously so proud of, like, who I was and who I’d become.
    2:15:38 And I don’t know.
    2:15:40 The whole thing has just been really, really cool.
    2:15:43 And it turns out that I also have a half-sister who’s 28.
    2:15:45 She lives in Alaska.
    2:15:48 We did a Zoom call, like, a month ago.
    2:15:49 And she’s awesome.
    2:15:50 She’s so cool.
    2:15:52 She’s married to this Coast Guard.
    2:15:54 They’re going to come out and do a walk in Japan.
    2:15:56 I’m going to go to Alaska and go hunting.
    2:15:59 And I’m doing a book tour in America in May and June.
    2:16:02 They’re going to fly out and join, like, one of the dates on the book tour.
    2:16:03 She’s also an only child.
    2:16:04 I’m an only child.
    2:16:07 And we’re both, like, we love that we now have a sibling.
    2:16:09 We’re like, this is so cool.
    2:16:11 Texting every day, sending stupid photos.
    2:16:15 It’s a very weird, unexpected chapter of life that came out of nowhere.
    2:16:18 And I’m here for it.
    2:16:19 I’m ready for it.
    2:16:20 I’m excited by it.
    2:16:22 So you went into it not needing anything.
    2:16:25 Initially, you did not have the impulse to reconnect.
    2:16:27 What does it feel like now?
    2:16:29 Like, what has it done to you?
    2:16:32 You know, it’s been eight months since we met.
    2:16:35 And the sister thing is just, like, a month ago.
    2:16:41 It takes a long time to unravel the mythologies that you’ve set for yourself, your Genesis story.
    2:16:43 And I feel it.
    2:16:51 It’s almost like these tightly wound springs of tension are slowly unwinding, like a spring in a watch or something.
    2:16:53 Like, slowly, like, loosening.
    2:16:59 And I just feel like my heart is opening in a weird way that it’s never been opened to before.
    2:17:02 And, again, that sense of value.
    2:17:09 It’s like, I don’t come from this place of, I thought, you know, 13 years old, raped, the guy’s murdered, he’s like a gangster, it’s like terrible, blah, blah, blah.
    2:17:11 It turns out it wasn’t.
    2:17:17 She was just kind of a sexy 13-year-old, I guess, and, like, looked older and was, like, older for her age or whatever.
    2:17:22 And I guess my biological father, whatever, like, his dad owned the sandwich shop that she was working at.
    2:17:25 So, like, I guess he’d come to get sandwiches and they met.
    2:17:27 And whatever, they wanted to have sex.
    2:17:29 So they had sex and it happened.
    2:17:33 It wasn’t, like, this place of pain there.
    2:17:34 And the pregnancy wasn’t painful.
    2:17:37 Like, it’s just weird to think all these things.
    2:17:39 And so it just takes time.
    2:17:46 And it’s this slow but really, really beautiful unraveling and opening of the heart.
    2:17:47 And I don’t know.
    2:17:49 I think it’s going to take even more time.
    2:17:50 And we’re going slowly.
    2:17:53 We’re just taking it very respectfully in both directions.
    2:17:56 And not too much communication.
    2:17:58 Not too much expectation.
    2:18:00 And just being like, this is cool.
    2:18:01 Let’s have fun with it.
    2:18:03 And just see where it goes.
    2:18:04 It’s great.
    2:18:05 It’s really good.
    2:18:06 I’m so happy for you, man.
    2:18:07 So happy for you.
    2:18:13 I remember, I guess it was over a dinner when you first shared pieces of this.
    2:18:21 There were a handful of folks there and everyone’s jaws dropped, mouths agape.
    2:18:22 Like, wait, what?
    2:18:25 Such a beautiful story.
    2:18:28 And it’s still unfurling, right?
    2:18:34 This is the first steeping of the tea leaves with many more steepings left to go.
    2:18:40 And the flavors and the aromas, the entire texture of that emotional experience, I’m sure,
    2:18:42 will continue to develop.
    2:18:44 Not to mix too many metaphors.
    2:18:46 I was going to say, like, photograph in a dark room.
    2:18:47 But it’s true, right?
    2:18:50 It’s like certain things you see, certain things you feel.
    2:18:51 I’m really excited for you, man.
    2:18:52 Super happy for you.
    2:18:54 I’m psyched to have a younger sister.
    2:18:55 I’m just like, cool.
    2:18:57 I want, you know, ask me questions.
    2:18:59 I know about stuff.
    2:19:00 Ask me questions.
    2:19:01 It’s like, I want to help you.
    2:19:02 I want to give you knowledge.
    2:19:05 I want to, like, you know, I’m happy to mentor you about stuff.
    2:19:05 I don’t know.
    2:19:07 Like, that impulse is just so intuitive.
    2:19:10 I look forward to cultivating that relationship.
    2:19:16 It’s just so weird to suddenly, to go from, like, being an only child who, you know, my
    2:19:17 adoptive family is very tiny.
    2:19:19 There’s, like, three people left alive.
    2:19:24 To go to having this, like, there’s an aunt in Switzerland who’s, like, a yoga teacher.
    2:19:26 And I’ve got, like, 14 cousins now.
    2:19:27 And, you know, all this stuff.
    2:19:29 It’s, like, it’s pretty interesting.
    2:19:29 Pretty exciting.
    2:19:31 Yeah.
    2:19:33 Well, man.
    2:19:38 So, are you going to connect your stepdaughter with your family?
    2:19:39 I’d love to.
    2:19:39 Yeah.
    2:19:40 I’d love to do that.
    2:19:45 If the timing works out, do, like, a little trip to the States with her and have her meet
    2:19:45 everyone.
    2:19:45 That’d be fun.
    2:19:53 Well, Craig, this is not something I often say on the podcast, but you have a beautiful
    2:19:54 soul.
    2:19:55 I love spending time with you.
    2:19:57 You also write beautifully.
    2:20:01 And I really want to encourage people to check out Things Become Other Things.
    2:20:04 I mean, this is the tip of the iceberg.
    2:20:15 And the way you weave prose and sort of inject nostalgia and liminality and…
    2:20:16 That’s a good word.
    2:20:17 Yes, it is.
    2:20:28 And the emotional experience of moving slowly and then historically, flashback, moving quickly
    2:20:35 through the world, all of these things that you put into a beautiful tapestry of a reading
    2:20:36 experience.
    2:20:38 I really encourage people to check it out.
    2:20:39 So, Things Become Other Things.
    2:20:44 People can find all things Craig Mod at craigmod.com.
    2:20:46 Easy to remember.
    2:20:50 Is there anything else you’d like to say, Craig, before we wind to a close?
    2:20:55 Just to, like, extra plug the book, because, like, why not?
    2:20:55 Why not?
    2:20:56 You’re here.
    2:21:02 But, you know, yesterday, two days ago, I got an incredible email from David Mitchell,
    2:21:03 who’d read the book.
    2:21:07 Explain who that is for people who may not recognize it.
    2:21:09 David Mitchell wrote Cloud Atlas.
    2:21:10 That’s probably his most famous book.
    2:21:13 But he’s done Number Nine Dream, Ghost Written, Cloud Atlas.
    2:21:16 There’s one, it’s like Green Swan, Black Swan or something.
    2:21:18 That’s actually one of my favorites of his.
    2:21:20 Black Swan Green, I think is what it’s called.
    2:21:22 He’s an incredible writer.
    2:21:26 He’s someone that I’ve admired and have been reading his work.
    2:21:26 in Japan.
    2:21:27 He lived in Hiroshima.
    2:21:28 He taught English in Hiroshima.
    2:21:30 Some of his books take place in Japan.
    2:21:37 I’ve always admired this guy and the felicity with which he writes and his use of language,
    2:21:37 everything.
    2:21:42 He’s a beautiful—oh, The Thousand Autumns of Jacob DeZoe, I think, is his book about Dejima
    2:21:44 over in Nagasaki.
    2:21:46 Historical fiction, beautiful book.
    2:21:51 Anyway, if I was going to pick three authors in the world that I’d be honored to have them
    2:21:53 read the book, he would be top three for sure.
    2:22:02 And the fact that he read it, he sent over a 2,000-word email just saying how much he loved
    2:22:03 it.
    2:22:07 And it was, honestly, it was just one of the most shocking emails I’ve ever gotten.
    2:22:08 He blurbed it.
    2:22:09 He did a nice blurb.
    2:22:14 But David Mitchell really, really, really, really liked this book.
    2:22:18 And he was quoting extensively.
    2:22:20 I was just like, I was embarrassed by the end of this email.
    2:22:22 So just putting that out there.
    2:22:26 It’s like, if you’re a David Mitchell fan, if you’re a David Mitchell fan, if you like Cloud
    2:22:29 Atlas, you’ll like things become other things, possibly.
    2:22:31 Maybe.
    2:22:32 Anyway.
    2:22:33 Check it out, guys.
    2:22:34 I’m just proud of that.
    2:22:35 It made my week.
    2:22:35 Yeah.
    2:22:36 Oh, you should be.
    2:22:38 I mean, well, we were texting as it happened.
    2:22:38 Yeah.
    2:22:41 I was like, oh my God, David Mitchell, this is insane.
    2:22:43 It was so wild.
    2:22:44 So wild.
    2:22:48 And just, God, talk about full circle in a way.
    2:22:50 I’m excited for your next chapters, Ben.
    2:22:52 There’s a lot to come.
    2:22:53 Who knows what?
    2:22:57 But I also hope to do a walk with you again soon.
    2:22:59 So I’ll have to figure out what that looks like.
    2:23:03 And that’s all I got for now, Craig.
    2:23:03 That’s all I got, too.
    2:23:05 It is God knows what time.
    2:23:06 It’s like 1 a.m.
    2:23:07 It’s 2 a.m.
    2:23:07 Where you are.
    2:23:09 At 2 a.m.
    2:23:10 And I need to get to the airport.
    2:23:13 So everybody out there.
    2:23:15 CraigMod, CraigMod.com.
    2:23:21 And we will link to everything, including some Easter eggs, in the show notes.
    2:23:24 That’s Craig’s homework assignment.
    2:23:25 It’s the in name.
    2:23:29 And you will be able to find that at tim.blog slash podcast, as always.
    2:23:37 And until next time, be just a bit kinder than necessary to others, but also to yourself.
    2:23:45 That’s an important piece of the puzzle, as Jack Kornfield would say, if your compassion does not include yourself, it is incomplete.
    2:23:48 And thanks for tuning in.
    2:23:50 Hey, guys.
    2:23:51 This is Tim again.
    2:23:53 Just one more thing before you take off.
    2:23:55 And that is Five Bullet Friday.
    2:24:00 Would you enjoy getting a short email from me every Friday that provides a little fun before the weekend?
    2:24:07 Between one and a half and two million people subscribe to my free newsletter, my super short newsletter called Five Bullet Friday.
    2:24:08 Easy to sign up.
    2:24:09 Easy to cancel.
    2:24:18 It is basically a half page that I send out every Friday to share the coolest things I’ve found or discovered or have started exploring over that week.
    2:24:20 It’s kind of like my diary of cool things.
    2:24:32 It often includes articles I’m reading, books I’m reading, albums, perhaps, gadgets, gizmos, all sorts of tech tricks and so on that get sent to me by my friends, including a lot of podcast guests.
    2:24:39 And these strange, esoteric things end up in my field, and then I test them, and then I share them with you.
    2:24:47 So if that sounds fun, again, it’s very short, a little tiny bite of goodness before you head off for the weekend, something to think about.
    2:24:50 If you’d like to try it out, just go to tim.blog.com slash Friday.
    2:24:54 Type that into your browser, tim.blog.com slash Friday.
    2:24:56 Drop in your email, and you’ll get the very next one.
    2:24:58 Thanks for listening.
    2:25:10 About three weeks ago, I found myself between 10,000 and 12,000 feet, going over the continental divide, carrying tons of weight, doing my best not to chew on my own lungs, and I needed all the help I could get.
    2:25:17 And in those circumstances, I relied on Momentous products every single day and every single night.
    2:25:25 Now, regular listeners probably know I’ve been taking Momentous products consistently and testing them, the entire spectrum of their products, for a long while now.
    2:25:34 But you may not know that I recently collaborated with them, one of the sponsors of this episode, to put together my top picks, and I’m calling it my performance stack.
    2:25:37 I always aim for a strong body and sharp mind.
    2:25:40 Of course, you need both, and neither is possible without quality sleep.
    2:25:42 So I didn’t want anything speculative.
    2:25:45 I wanted things I could depend on, and it is what I use personally.
    2:25:49 So I designed my performance stack to check all three boxes, and here it is.
    2:25:52 Creapure creatine for muscular and cognitive support.
    2:25:55 The cognitive side is actually very interesting to me these days.
    2:25:58 Whey protein isolate for muscle mass and recovery.
    2:26:05 And magnesium threonate for sleep, which is really the ideal form of magnesium, as far as we know, for sleep.
    2:26:11 I use all three daily, and it’s why I feel 100% comfortable recommending it to you, my dear listeners.
    2:26:20 Momentus sources Creapure creatine from Germany, and their whey isolate is sourced from European dairy farmers held to incredibly strict standards.
    2:26:25 And I’ve chatted with the CEO about their supply chain, about how they manage all of these things.
    2:26:31 It’s incredibly complex, and they go way above any industry standards that I’m familiar with, and I am familiar with them.
    2:26:37 All Momentus products are NSF and Informed Sports Certified, which is professional athlete and Olympic-level testing.
    2:26:40 So, here’s the main point.
    2:26:43 What’s on the label is exactly what you’re getting.
    2:26:47 And this is not true for the vast majority of companies in this industry.
    2:26:49 So, this is a differentiator.
    2:26:52 Try it out for yourself, and let me know what you think.
    2:26:58 Visit livemomentus.com slash Tim, and use Tim at checkout for 20% off of my performance stack.
    2:27:02 One more time, that’s livemomentus.com slash Tim.
    2:27:02 I’ll spell it out.
    2:27:03 It’s a long one.
    2:27:07 Live moment, O-U-S dot com slash Tim.
    2:27:10 So, livemomentus.com slash Tim for 20% off.
    2:27:17 As many of you know, for the last few years, I’ve been sleeping on a Midnight Luxe mattress from today’s sponsor, Helix Sleep.
    2:27:23 I also have one in the guest bedroom downstairs, and feedback from friends has always been fantastic.
    2:27:24 Kind of over the top, to be honest.
    2:27:28 I mean, they frequently say, it’s the best night of sleep they’ve had in ages.
    2:27:29 What kind of mattresses, and what do you do?
    2:27:30 What’s the magic juju?
    2:27:34 It’s something they comment on without any prompting from me whatsoever.
    2:27:41 I also recently had a chance to test the Helix Sunset Elite in a new guest bedroom, which I sometimes sleep in,
    2:27:46 and I picked it for its very soft but supportive feel to help with some lower back pain that I’ve had.
    2:27:51 The Sunset Elite delivers exceptional comfort while putting the right support in the right spots.
    2:27:57 It is made with five tailored foam layers, including a base layer with full perimeter zoned lumbar support, right where I need it,
    2:28:03 and middle layers with premium foam and microcoils that create a soft contouring feel.
    2:28:08 Which also means if I feel like I want to sleep on my side, I can do that without worrying about other aches and pains I might create.
    2:28:15 And with a luxurious pillow top for pressure relief, I look forward to nestling into that bed every night that I use it.
    2:28:22 The best part, of course, is that it helps me wake up feeling fully rested with a back that feels supple instead of stiff.
    2:28:24 That is the name of the game for me these days.
    2:28:30 Helix offers a 100-night sleep trial, fast, free shipping, and a 15-year warranty.
    2:28:31 So check it all out.
    2:28:38 And you, my dear listeners, can get between 20 and 27% off, plus two free pillows on all mattress orders.
    2:28:42 So go to helixsleep.com slash Tim to check it out.
    2:28:45 That’s helixsleep.com slash Tim.
    2:28:48 With Helix, better sleep starts now.

    Craig Mod Returns! Craig is a writer, photographer, and walker living in Tokyo and Kamakura, Japan. He is the author of Things Become Other Things and Kissa by Kissa. He also writes the newsletters Roden and Ridgeline and has contributed to The New York TimesThe AtlanticWired, and more.

    Sponsors:

    Shopify global commerce platform, providing tools to start, grow, market, and manage a retail business: https://shopify.com/tim (one-dollar-per-month trial period)

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  • #802: Craig Mod — The Real Japan, Cheap Apartments in Tokyo, Productive Side Quests, Creative Retreats, Buying Future Freedom, and Being Possessed by Spirits

    #802: Craig Mod — The Real Japan, Cheap Apartments in Tokyo, Productive Side Quests, Creative Retreats, Buying Future Freedom, and Being Possessed by Spirits

    AI transcript
    0:00:04 Hello, boys and girls, ladies and germs. This is Tim Ferriss. Welcome to another episode
    0:00:10 of The Tim Ferriss Show, where I explore the strange, the edge, the practical, the nuance,
    0:00:15 the tactical. And my guest today is a dear friend. I’ve wanted to have him on the podcast
    0:00:22 for a very long time, Craig Maude. Craig Maude, M-O-D. He is a writer, photographer, and walker,
    0:00:28 we’ll talk about that a lot, living in Tokyo and Kamakura, Japan. He is the author of Things
    0:00:34 Become Other Things and Kissa by Kissa, K-I-S-S-A. Don’t worry about it. We’ll get to it. He also
    0:00:39 writes the newsletters Roden and Ridgeline and has contributed to The New York Times, The Atlantic,
    0:00:46 Wired, and more. He has walked thousands of miles across Japan in every conceivable place. And since
    0:00:53 2016, he has been co-running Walk and Talks with Kevin Kelly, perhaps the most interesting man in
    0:01:00 the world. In various places around the world, the Cotswolds, Northern Thailand, Bali, Southern
    0:01:06 China, Japan, Spain, which includes the Portuguese and French Caminos, and much more. Today’s episode
    0:01:12 is wide-ranging, and I had so much fun with this. We ended up discussing Craig’s early life,
    0:01:19 his path to Japan, his struggles with self-worth and alcoholism, and how he overcame both of them,
    0:01:25 creative development, his writing experiments, his initial experiences with walking and writing,
    0:01:30 and so much more. I really think you will get a lot out of this conversation, as I did. I took copious
    0:01:36 notes, and I also decided to keep some of the behind-the-scenes banter before the interview in
    0:01:41 the recording that you’re going to hear, which I thought might be fun for shits and giggles,
    0:01:47 just for the fun of it. Why not? You can find Craig Mod at craigmod.com. That’s the H-Q for
    0:01:53 everything Craig Mod, C-R-A-I-G-M-O-D.com. You can find him on Instagram, at craigmod,
    0:01:59 and on Blue Sky as well, craigmod.com. And with that, and just a few words from the people who make
    0:02:03 this podcast possible, we’ll get right into the meat and potatoes of Craig Mod.
    0:02:10 I am always on the hunt for protein sources that don’t require sacrifices in taste or nutrition.
    0:02:14 I don’t want to eat sawdust. I also don’t want a candy bar that’s disguised as a protein bar.
    0:02:20 And that’s why I love the protein bars from today’s sponsor, David. They are my go-to protein source
    0:02:25 on the run. I throw them in my bag whenever I am in doubt that I might be able to get a good source
    0:02:30 of protein. And with David Protein Bars, you get the fewest calories for the most protein ever.
    0:02:36 David has 28 grams of protein, 150 calories, and zero grams of sugar. I was actually first
    0:02:42 introduced to them by my friend, Peter Atiyah, MD, who is their chief science officer. Many of you know
    0:02:48 of Peter, and he really does his due diligence on everything. And on top of that, David tastes great.
    0:02:53 Their bars come in six delicious flavors. They are all worth trying. And as I mentioned before,
    0:02:58 I will grab a few of those from running out the door if I think I might end up in a situation where
    0:03:03 I can’t get sufficient protein. And why is that important? Well, adequate protein intake
    0:03:10 is critical for building and preserving muscle mass, especially as we age. And one of the biggest
    0:03:14 things that you want to pay attention to is counteracting sarcopenia, age-related muscle
    0:03:19 loss. And for that, you need enough protein. When in doubt, up your protein. Protein is also the
    0:03:24 most satiating macronutrient. What does that mean? It means that protein out of carbohydrates,
    0:03:29 fat and protein inhibits your appetite while also feeding all the things you want to feed,
    0:03:33 which helps you consume fewer calories throughout the day. You’re less inclined to eat garbage.
    0:03:37 All of that contributes to fat loss and reducing the risk of various diseases.
    0:03:43 And now, you guys, listeners of The Tim Ferriss Show, who buy four boxes, get a fifth box for free.
    0:03:48 You can check it out. You can also buy one box at a time. Try them for yourself at
    0:03:54 davidprotein.com slash Tim. Learn all about it. That’s davidprotein.com slash Tim to get a free
    0:04:00 box with a four-box purchase or simply learn more. Check it out. davidprotein.com slash Tim.
    0:04:06 This episode is brought to you by Eight Sleep. Temperature is one of the main causes of poor sleep,
    0:04:12 and heat is my personal nemesis. I’ve suffered for decades tossing and turning, throwing blankets off,
    0:04:16 pulling the back on, putting one leg on top, and repeating all of that ad nauseum. But now,
    0:04:22 I am falling asleep in record time. Why? Because I’m using a device that was recommended to me by
    0:04:28 friends called the PodCover by Eight Sleep. The PodCover fits on any mattress and allows you to
    0:04:32 adjust the temperature of your sleeping environment, providing the optimal temperature that gets you the
    0:04:36 best night’s sleep. With the PodCover’s dual zone temperature control, you and your partner can set
    0:04:44 your sides of the bed to as cool as 55 degrees or as hot as 110 degrees. I think generally, in my
    0:04:49 experience, my partners prefer the high side and I like to sleep very, very cool. So,
    0:04:54 stop fighting. This helps. Based on your biometrics, environment, and sleep stages,
    0:04:57 the PodCover makes temperature adjustments throughout the night that limit wake-ups
    0:05:02 and increase your percentage of deep sleep. In addition to its best-in-class temperature
    0:05:07 regulation, the PodCover sensors also track your health and sleep metrics without the need to use a
    0:05:12 wearable. Conquer this winter season with the best-in-sleep tech and sleep at your perfect
    0:05:17 temperature. Many of my listeners in colder areas, sometimes that’s me, enjoy warming up their bed
    0:05:22 after a freezing day. And if you have a partner, great, you can split the zones and you can sleep at
    0:05:28 your own ideal temperatures. It’s easy. So, get your best night’s sleep. Head to
    0:05:35 eightsleep.com slash Tim and use code Tim to get $350 off of the Pod 4 Ultra. They currently ship to the
    0:05:38 United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia.
    0:06:04 Good morning.
    0:06:12 You’re good, you’re good.
    0:06:19 Japan, yeah, Japan, U.S. is always a little tricky with the time zones. I typically do kind of end-of-day
    0:06:26 my time, early morning, Japan time. Yeah. But this morning’s good. It’s getting me back on
    0:06:31 central standard. I was coming from mountains, so this is like three hours before I usually get up.
    0:06:32 Okay.
    0:06:39 Just totally fine. It’s good. No, it’s good. I mainline some caffeine and we are ready to go off
    0:06:44 to the races. This is going to be fun, man. I always love an excuse to do creepy internet sleuthing
    0:06:54 on my friends. And what would make this? I ask this question always. You know all the housekeeping
    0:06:58 rules, bathroom break, water break. If you start something, you’re like, ah, let me try that again.
    0:07:04 We can clean it up in post since this isn’t Carnegie Hall. What would make this time well spent? I know
    0:07:10 you got the new book. What else, anything come to mind? Like this comes out, you’ve done interviews,
    0:07:17 you’re pro, you know how to weave prose, you’re a man in the public to some extent. What would make
    0:07:18 this time well spent?
    0:07:24 I mean, probably the most like affecting story of the last year or so of me is the adoption stuff.
    0:07:26 Yeah, for sure.
    0:07:34 So I think that that’s pretty fecund of emotion. It’s got a lot going on there.
    0:07:38 Might want to work on that headline, but I like it.
    0:07:44 So, you know, that’s the thing. And then all this stuff that’s happened with the cities has been
    0:07:46 really kind of a weird journey.
    0:07:52 I got like the very short kind of summary tease of things, but I don’t know the story,
    0:07:54 which always makes it more fun for me as well.
    0:07:59 Yeah. So I think in terms of like, what will listeners get the most out of, I think like
    0:08:05 that, that story about the cities and the New York times stuff and what’s come out of that,
    0:08:08 because it encompasses a lot of like, what does travel mean today? Why are we traveling?
    0:08:15 What does over tourism mean? How do you handle these massive tourism surges that are happening?
    0:08:18 Is there a way like to mitigate them or to send them to different parts of the country?
    0:08:21 So I think that’s like really interesting. I think the adoption stuff is really interesting.
    0:08:23 I mean, everything ties into the walking.
    0:08:25 What about you?
    0:08:26 What?
    0:08:30 Like this comes out and three months after it comes out, I appreciate you being so listener
    0:08:37 focused because God bless my dear listeners. But as far as this interview, like it comes
    0:08:40 out, what would make it, you look back and you’re like, God damn, I’m so glad I did that.
    0:08:43 I’m going to point people to that interview.
    0:08:47 I think it aligns very much with what I think would be interesting for listeners to listen
    0:08:51 to. I mean, I think the adoption stuff is, so basically I haven’t talked about the adoption
    0:08:52 stuff in English anywhere.
    0:08:53 Yeah.
    0:08:55 I haven’t written about it.
    0:08:56 Awesome.
    0:08:59 This is like the first time me doing anything public about that.
    0:09:02 And the debut of the fecundity.
    0:09:04 The emotional garden.
    0:09:09 So I, you know, I think that being able to like kind of crack that knot well would be
    0:09:10 really nice.
    0:09:11 Yeah.
    0:09:12 And everything else, I don’t know.
    0:09:13 I’m just happy to chat.
    0:09:15 Let’s just chat, man.
    0:09:16 Let’s just chat.
    0:09:17 I mean, we never have trouble doing that.
    0:09:19 I was trying to think how we initially connected.
    0:09:20 Do you even remember?
    0:09:29 I mean, I remember saying at some point, maybe, no, well, okay.
    0:09:35 So there was, there are two moments that we met one in 2011, right?
    0:09:40 In the beginning of 2011, I was at, what’s the neighborhood you lived in, in San Francisco?
    0:09:44 Glenn park down South, just South of the mission.
    0:09:48 Isn’t there another one kind of up where like I’ve lived up on the hit, like you kind of go
    0:09:51 up, not Pacific Heights or anything like that, but it was.
    0:09:53 It was close to Bernal Heights.
    0:09:54 Yeah.
    0:09:55 West.
    0:09:57 Boy, I’m a left, right kind of guy.
    0:09:58 Embarrassingly.
    0:09:58 Anyway.
    0:09:59 Let’s see.
    0:10:02 I was working in a cafe there with one of the Flipboard engineers.
    0:10:04 Ev must’ve been in a fancier place.
    0:10:05 Okay.
    0:10:05 Flipboard.
    0:10:06 Right.
    0:10:06 Yeah.
    0:10:08 This is as good a place as any.
    0:10:08 Yeah.
    0:10:09 Let’s keep going.
    0:10:09 Okay.
    0:10:11 So then I said, hi to you there.
    0:10:13 I said, Hey, oh, Hey, it’s blah, blah, blah.
    0:10:14 And you were like, Oh, cool.
    0:10:14 Yeah.
    0:10:15 Flipboard’s great.
    0:10:19 Then we exchanged words in the bathroom at food camp.
    0:10:20 Oh, thank God.
    0:10:21 I was like, Oh shit.
    0:10:23 What happened here?
    0:10:25 Power exchange.
    0:10:27 How do we end up at the power exchange?
    0:10:27 Kidding.
    0:10:28 Yeah.
    0:10:28 Yeah.
    0:10:32 So, and then I think it was just, yeah, I think it was the Japan walk.
    0:10:35 That was the first time we ever really talked.
    0:10:39 So that was got to two and a half years ago now already, which is mega hang.
    0:10:39 Yeah.
    0:10:40 That’s bananas.
    0:10:47 I was looking at the printed book of the walk with the photographs just the other day.
    0:10:51 And I was like, wow, that’s wild.
    0:10:55 And I don’t want to sound like too much of a old geezer, you know, although I am every day
    0:11:02 turning into more of an like, but the fact that it was two years ago is just mind blistering
    0:11:03 in a sense.
    0:11:04 It does not seem that long ago.
    0:11:05 Yeah.
    0:11:06 Yeah.
    0:11:06 All right.
    0:11:08 Well, let’s just hop into it then.
    0:11:11 And you mentioned Flipboard.
    0:11:12 So let’s start there.
    0:11:14 You lived in Silicon Valley.
    0:11:15 I did.
    0:11:17 And for a lot of people, that’s the dream.
    0:11:24 But you left Silicon Valley, ended up back in Japan.
    0:11:27 Could you just give us a bit of a thumbnail sketch?
    0:11:28 It doesn’t even need to be a thumbnail.
    0:11:29 We have all the time in the world.
    0:11:33 But where did you grow up?
    0:11:38 We’ll make it the really boring back in childhood intro.
    0:11:40 But where did you grow up?
    0:11:42 How did you end up at Silicon Valley?
    0:11:44 And why didn’t you stay in Silicon Valley?
    0:11:47 So, yeah, I mean, it’s funny to start with Silicon Valley because that was probably like,
    0:11:50 that was the shortest period of anything I did in my life, for the most part.
    0:11:51 It was very truncated.
    0:11:56 The reasons for which it’s truncated, I think, might be interesting, though.
    0:12:03 I mean, I grew up in this sort of like lower middle class post-industrial town.
    0:12:07 Like I grew up in this town where like an airplane engine factory was the heart of the town.
    0:12:08 What state was that?
    0:12:10 This is in Connecticut, weirdly.
    0:12:16 You really don’t think of Connecticut as like an industrial state, but there is stuff happening.
    0:12:16 Yeah.
    0:12:20 You know, ever since I was really young, I mean, I love books.
    0:12:21 I love writing.
    0:12:25 I was sort of like drawn to that, but I was also really drawn to video games.
    0:12:28 And like, I did not grow up in a place where people were reading, like no one around me
    0:12:30 was reading Ulysses.
    0:12:36 You know, it was like, it was pretty like culturally a bit of a desert, but there were video games
    0:12:38 and, you know, those came from Japan.
    0:12:40 And that was sort of intriguing to me.
    0:12:45 That was like my first contact, I’d say, with a culture outside of the town I came from.
    0:12:48 And there were computers.
    0:12:49 And I was really, really lucky.
    0:12:53 Like we did not have much money and our school districts were not well-funded.
    0:12:59 And, you know, it was just, I look back on it and I was extremely, extremely lucky with
    0:13:03 these chance opportunities I had, which basically enabled me to do everything I’m doing now.
    0:13:08 Very, very, very sliver, sliding doors style chances of opportunity.
    0:13:14 Like my family couldn’t really afford a computer, but my neighbor bought one and my neighbor was
    0:13:16 divorced and he lost his son in the divorce.
    0:13:18 So he was kind of like lonely.
    0:13:21 And I was like really hungry to be using computers.
    0:13:23 I was like, you know, eight or nine years old, 10 years old.
    0:13:27 I started going over there so much to use his computer that he just gave me the key to his
    0:13:30 house and he bought me my own phone line.
    0:13:34 And like, this guy’s kindness and he was really kind.
    0:13:36 He was just genuinely just a kind guy.
    0:13:39 I went to go about 10 years ago.
    0:13:43 I went to go find him and just say, thank you for having me lent me his computer.
    0:13:45 I mean, it really changed my life, this computer thing.
    0:13:47 And he had passed away.
    0:13:48 It really, he had a heart attack.
    0:13:53 So if you have someone in your life that you really want to thank, go thank them while
    0:13:55 they’re around.
    0:14:00 But you know how it is when you’re a kid, you don’t realize the luck that you’ve fallen
    0:14:01 into with something like that.
    0:14:01 For sure.
    0:14:03 So that was going on.
    0:14:06 And then I started using at his place, I got onto IRC.
    0:14:10 I started using PPP emulators to be able to use Mosaic.
    0:14:12 I was in the antsy art scene.
    0:14:13 I was like…
    0:14:14 What does PPP stand for?
    0:14:17 Just going to take a brief side quest here.
    0:14:20 We don’t need to get into the hyper specifics or what was it?
    0:14:24 It’s so funny that we’re starting here because this is like such a bizarre, almost like a
    0:14:25 footnote to like everything I’m doing now.
    0:14:28 Like nothing, everything I’m doing now feels so removed.
    0:14:30 I like starting with the footnotes.
    0:14:32 This is a pretty serious footnote.
    0:14:34 So I don’t even remember what PPP stands for.
    0:14:36 Basically, you had shell accounts, right?
    0:14:37 So you had these text-based shell accounts.
    0:14:39 These are like the first ISPs.
    0:14:42 I swear to God, this is going to get more literary if anyone’s listening.
    0:14:44 Internet service provider.
    0:14:45 Even I know that one.
    0:14:45 Yeah.
    0:14:49 No, but like we’re going to talk about books and walking in Japan and stuff.
    0:14:49 That’s all coming.
    0:14:53 But this kind of Genesis story is sort of interesting in that, you know, you have these
    0:14:54 text-based things.
    0:14:56 You could use IRC, which is like chat.
    0:15:00 It was like Discord, old school Discord, not owned by anyone.
    0:15:05 It was totally open, you know, like hosted on university servers, stuff like that.
    0:15:09 And I got connected with the ANSI art scene in there and I started doing ANSI art.
    0:15:16 I was really kind of captivated by design and by computer programming in the sense that what
    0:15:17 it could do for storytelling.
    0:15:20 That’s kind of how I saw it and that’s what sort of really captured my attention.
    0:15:23 And so I started working, you know, doing artwork with these guys.
    0:15:25 I was like 12, 13.
    0:15:26 These guys were all like five, six years older than me.
    0:15:28 They were mostly in California, a lot of them were.
    0:15:32 And they were all sort of getting into the internet.
    0:15:37 And so when I graduated high school, I had these weird connections that I had made on this
    0:15:40 text chat room when I was 13.
    0:15:43 And these guys were like, hey, we’ve started like a design agency.
    0:15:44 We’re doing a startup, whatever.
    0:15:46 Come out for the summer, be an intern.
    0:15:47 So that was my connection.
    0:15:51 And essentially, like, you know, I didn’t grow up with money and no one around us had money.
    0:15:52 There was no wealth.
    0:15:53 There was no real.
    0:15:57 Looking back now, I mean, there was absolutely no real wealth happening in our town.
    0:16:02 And if you look at the GDP statistics and stuff like that, I mean, it’s sort of like 20%
    0:16:06 of the national GDP was the average sort of GDP per capita of our town.
    0:16:08 America’s GDP is really high.
    0:16:14 Like per capita GDP is like $85,000, way higher than Japan, for example.
    0:16:16 Japan’s like 40, 45, something like that.
    0:16:19 Didn’t realize there was such a high discrepancy.
    0:16:20 The delta is pretty insane.
    0:16:23 So I did not come from money.
    0:16:27 And so I saw two ways to get out, essentially.
    0:16:29 From a very early age, I’m adopted.
    0:16:32 So there’s a sense of disconnection from that.
    0:16:37 And then from a very early age, I realized the place that I was growing up in was very,
    0:16:37 very tiny.
    0:16:40 And I needed to get far away for a number of reasons.
    0:16:41 But I knew I needed to get away.
    0:16:45 And I saw money as critical for that escape.
    0:16:48 And I saw two ways of making money.
    0:16:50 And one of them was the stock market.
    0:16:54 I joined the stock club as soon as I could at high school and was super geeking out.
    0:17:00 I think when I was 18 or 19, I was 19 when I opened an E-Trade account.
    0:17:03 I think I was one of the first probably 10,000 people to have an E-Trade account.
    0:17:05 I was like, yes, okay, I need this.
    0:17:06 Very weird.
    0:17:08 I mean, because there was no one in my family that had ever bought a stock.
    0:17:11 I was raised by my mother and my grandparents.
    0:17:15 My father was sort of out of the picture, even though it was an adoption.
    0:17:17 This is your adopted mother.
    0:17:19 These are my adopted parents.
    0:17:22 Even though they adopted me, they got divorced when I was like two.
    0:17:23 I mean, which was good.
    0:17:27 My father wasn’t a great guy, so it was good to kind of push him aside.
    0:17:31 But there was no archetypes for me of like, oh, this is how you generate wealth or create
    0:17:33 wealth or cultivate wealth or grow wealth.
    0:17:34 There was absolutely none of that.
    0:17:39 Or even just how to engage culturally with the world, to think about literature or to think
    0:17:39 about art.
    0:17:43 So I was just kind of like scanning the horizon, you know, and it was like, what do we knew?
    0:17:48 Like lifestyles are the rich and famous, you know, think about like what is as an 80s kid.
    0:17:54 I remember watching that, eating TV dinners with my parents watching Lifestyles of the Rich
    0:17:55 and Famous.
    0:18:00 I mean, like I didn’t eat a single meal that wasn’t like, that didn’t involve TV for my entire
    0:18:01 basically childhood.
    0:18:03 Yeah, same.
    0:18:06 I’ll do that differently when it’s my turn to set the rules, but yeah.
    0:18:11 So, you know, it’s like you think about when you come from a place like I come from, like
    0:18:12 what are your archetypes?
    0:18:14 Who establishes what’s possible in the world?
    0:18:16 And it really is like pop culture.
    0:18:17 Like those are the things you kind of reach for.
    0:18:19 Anyway, so you have like Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous.
    0:18:20 What are those people that do?
    0:18:24 They buy stocks, you know, they invest in stocks, blah, blah, stuff like that.
    0:18:26 So I was like, okay, I need to do that to get out.
    0:18:27 That’s like step one.
    0:18:31 And then I just loved the potential of the internet.
    0:18:34 Like as soon as I saw the World Wide Web, I was like, yes, this is where I want to write.
    0:18:37 This is what I want to build on top of.
    0:18:38 Like it was just so obvious to me.
    0:18:43 I was like 14 when I used Mosaic for the first time and it was just, oh, okay, great.
    0:18:44 I don’t have to think about anything.
    0:18:45 This is like just what I do.
    0:18:50 And very quickly I realized like if I became good at web stuff, I would be making more money
    0:18:52 than anyone in my town.
    0:18:56 You know, it was just like this weird, again, this arbitrage of kind of information and skill.
    0:18:58 And like, I just saw this very early on.
    0:19:01 The ability to kind of go out to Silicon Valley as like an intern.
    0:19:03 I drove my Honda Civic.
    0:19:06 It was like a 93 Honda Civic with no power or anything.
    0:19:09 It was like all, I basically had to like crank the thing to keep going.
    0:19:12 Drove across America and went out there and interned.
    0:19:14 And I just, I really loved it.
    0:19:17 And I loved the people and the culture and the opportunities.
    0:19:19 And it really just set my mind ablaze.
    0:19:20 I mean, it was really exciting.
    0:19:24 And I was kind of working on blogging software before Blogger launched.
    0:19:30 I mean, there’s definitely, when I talk about like opportunity and, you know, they say basically
    0:19:34 wealth is unevenly distributed, but really what you’re talking about is opportunity being
    0:19:35 evenly distributed or not.
    0:19:40 When you like listen to the generous story of someone like Bill Gates, he’s just surrounded
    0:19:42 by this like abundance of opportunity.
    0:19:47 You know, like the fact that the university had these terminals he could use and like, it was
    0:19:51 just, people were all kind of cultivating his ability to take advantage of these opportunities.
    0:19:55 And there’s definitely an alternate reality where like I had a little more opportunity.
    0:19:56 I was in Silicon Valley a little bit earlier.
    0:20:02 And like, I just had the sense of self-worth and confidence, I think, to do things differently
    0:20:02 and build stuff.
    0:20:05 That was like one timeline that didn’t happen.
    0:20:07 And I went out there and I loved it and I enjoyed it.
    0:20:11 At the same time, I really wanted to live abroad.
    0:20:12 I knew I needed to get away.
    0:20:16 And because of certain things that kind of happened and things that I felt in my town,
    0:20:21 not being kind of the people of my town, not being supported by the greater whole, I kind
    0:20:28 of had this from a very early age, a lack of, I would say, belief in the American system.
    0:20:29 And I just felt like I had to leave America.
    0:20:30 There’s a very strong impulse.
    0:20:34 Like I have to get outside of this country to see things differently.
    0:20:36 This felt important to me for some reason, intuitively.
    0:20:37 What about the system?
    0:20:40 When you say system, what specifically?
    0:20:44 Because we’ll spend a lot of time talking about Japan, I am sure.
    0:20:49 But Japan is, it’s not exactly North Korea, right?
    0:20:52 It’s similar to the US in some respects.
    0:20:55 So what do you mean by the American system in that context?
    0:20:58 Could just be a felt sense of something, right?
    0:21:00 It doesn’t have to be super Wikipedia.
    0:21:03 In the moment, I had absolutely no words for it.
    0:21:04 I had no way to describe it.
    0:21:07 It really was just a, just because like you’re operating from a lack of experience.
    0:21:11 Like you haven’t seen enough of the world, but you just intuitively, there was a sense
    0:21:13 of, okay, we aren’t being supported.
    0:21:17 And then when I went to college, that was the big shock for me was getting to college and
    0:21:21 meeting everyone else and immediately feeling this gap of kind of abundance.
    0:21:22 I was lucky.
    0:21:23 I scored really well.
    0:21:27 I could, even though I’m bad at tests taking, I don’t like taking tests.
    0:21:32 I tested well, I was able to go to a good college, really some, you know, a really good
    0:21:32 university.
    0:21:37 And it was just the first three days, four days, I was just in shock.
    0:21:39 I was like, oh, these people are from a different planet.
    0:21:44 The resources they had, the archetypes they clearly had in their lives, the way they’ve
    0:21:48 learned to learn, to speak, to move through the world, like what they expect.
    0:21:51 I was just like, this doesn’t compute for me at all.
    0:21:53 And it was immediately, I bounced off of it so fast.
    0:21:55 I was just like, I need, I can’t be here.
    0:21:56 I shouldn’t be here.
    0:22:01 There’s something fundamentally missing, broken, sort of like lacking inside my, inside
    0:22:02 my chest.
    0:22:04 And I get it.
    0:22:08 That’s what drove me to just go, okay, I should live abroad.
    0:22:12 I need to leave this country in part to rebuild that on my own.
    0:22:13 Got it.
    0:22:13 Okay.
    0:22:20 So when did you move to Japan at what year, what age?
    0:22:23 I was 19 and it was 2000.
    0:22:25 2000.
    0:22:26 Okay.
    0:22:26 Yeah.
    0:22:27 Which is insane.
    0:22:29 I can’t believe it’s been 25 years now.
    0:22:30 It is.
    0:22:31 Okay.
    0:22:32 Got it.
    0:22:35 And you, just to paint a picture for folks.
    0:22:40 So you, you moved to Japan when you’re 19 and then you bounced around after that.
    0:22:42 You didn’t stay in Japan the entire time.
    0:22:43 Am I right?
    0:22:45 Of course, because we met after that.
    0:22:47 Yeah, sort of.
    0:22:52 So to give you like the, the macro timeline, I go when I’m 19, I stay for a year.
    0:22:54 I go to university there.
    0:22:54 I love it.
    0:22:58 While I’m there, the Silicon Valley bubble, the first bubble pops.
    0:23:00 So there really isn’t a Silicon Valley to go to.
    0:23:01 My plan was to go to Japan.
    0:23:06 I applied on a whim to university there and I applied independently.
    0:23:10 So I wouldn’t have to, normally when you kind of do study abroad, you’re, you keep paying
    0:23:11 your American university fees.
    0:23:12 Yeah.
    0:23:12 Right.
    0:23:13 International.
    0:23:18 And I looked at the fees for Japanese universities and for like a year with homestay, it was like,
    0:23:20 you know, $8,000, 5,000.
    0:23:23 It was like an absurdly affordable amount of money.
    0:23:26 And you know, there was scholarships available.
    0:23:27 It was like, why wouldn’t I just go do this?
    0:23:28 Of course I’m going to do this.
    0:23:33 But I, my plan was to drop out and move to Silicon Valley and just build stuff.
    0:23:34 Okay.
    0:23:37 So Japan for like a year or two and then go back to Silicon Valley.
    0:23:37 Yeah.
    0:23:38 Japan for a year.
    0:23:41 And then in the middle of it, everything collapsed.
    0:23:44 And then I was like, okay, well, maybe I should graduate university.
    0:23:48 So I applied in the middle of it as a transfer student to a university.
    0:23:50 I thought I would like better than the one I was at before.
    0:23:54 And I got in, I ended up going to UPenn.
    0:23:58 And so for me, I was the first person in my family.
    0:24:00 To go to university, certainly big university.
    0:24:02 My mom went to community college.
    0:24:06 She worked her butt off to become a elementary school teacher, but I was the first person
    0:24:07 to go to like university, university.
    0:24:08 My father didn’t go anywhere.
    0:24:11 My grandparents were both working at the airplane engine factory.
    0:24:12 So this is a big deal.
    0:24:14 And should I have gone to Penn or not?
    0:24:17 I mean, honestly, it was just the Ivy.
    0:24:24 So this incredible sense of, I have to create or generate on my own a sense of self-worth.
    0:24:29 And the draw of an Ivy was just too big.
    0:24:32 So anyway, I ended up getting in much to my shock.
    0:24:36 And so after that first year in Japan, I went back, went to UPenn.
    0:24:37 I did that for two years.
    0:24:40 In the summer between, I came back to Japan, did an internship at a magazine.
    0:24:45 And then as soon as I graduated UPenn, I was back to Japan, going back to Waseda, doing
    0:24:49 another year of intensive language studies in a grad program.
    0:24:52 And then I basically just stayed since then.
    0:24:52 All right.
    0:24:55 We’re going to take yet another side quest.
    0:24:56 It’s not really a footnote.
    0:24:59 I know quite a few people who’ve moved to Japan.
    0:25:06 You’re the only non-Japanese person as an adult I know who speaks exceptional Japanese.
    0:25:13 As you’re aware, there are a lot of foreigners who kind of stay in the expat bubble, which is
    0:25:13 fine.
    0:25:17 People do that in the US too when they move here, for instance.
    0:25:18 Plenty of examples of that.
    0:25:20 How did you learn your Japanese?
    0:25:24 If there are people listening who think to themselves, man, I would really love to learn
    0:25:25 Japanese.
    0:25:28 Any thoughts based on your own experience?
    0:25:32 Well, I think in general, language learning is easier if you have a musical background.
    0:25:39 And I grew up all through my teens obsessively playing drums, just drumming, drumming, drumming,
    0:25:42 playing jazz, playing classical, playing in big band orchestras, playing everything.
    0:25:47 So I think listening, being a good listener, obviously, is paramount.
    0:25:50 But when I got to Tokyo, I did a homestay.
    0:25:52 They couldn’t speak one word of English.
    0:25:59 And I immediately just joined the music circle at university, which was only Japanese people.
    0:26:01 I wasn’t trying to avoid the international crowd.
    0:26:04 In fact, the international group I was with were amazing.
    0:26:11 It was actually, I got to the school, I got to Waseda, and the international program was what I had always dreamed and hoped university would be.
    0:26:15 It was super international, super mixed, kids from all over the world.
    0:26:18 They were all extremely serious about their studies.
    0:26:21 They were all way better Japanese speakers than me.
    0:26:24 I had had like one year of university Japanese before I came.
    0:26:26 To give you an example, there are 13 levels.
    0:26:26 Which is not a lot.
    0:26:28 Which is not a lot.
    0:26:29 It’s nothing.
    0:26:30 I mean, basically, I could barely say hello.
    0:26:33 And even that was probably not correct.
    0:26:35 So there are 13 levels of Japanese class at the university.
    0:26:36 I was in two.
    0:26:41 There were kids who came from SOAS in London who had done one year at SOAS.
    0:26:42 They came there.
    0:26:43 Sorry, you said SOAS.
    0:26:47 And I thought about the muscle that causes me so many problems.
    0:26:49 What the hell is SOAS?
    0:26:53 SOAS is the School of Oriental and African Studies in London.
    0:26:54 Oh, wow.
    0:26:55 Unfortunate branding.
    0:26:56 But yes.
    0:27:01 They have the most total badass language program.
    0:27:03 Like, honestly, if you want to learn Japanese, go to SOAS.
    0:27:04 Just go to SOAS.
    0:27:04 I got it.
    0:27:06 Those kids, they had done one year at SOAS.
    0:27:07 They arrived in Tokyo.
    0:27:09 They were in level 10, level 11.
    0:27:10 Holy shit.
    0:27:11 Good for them.
    0:27:12 It was insane.
    0:27:13 Must be a brutal boot camp.
    0:27:15 So they were amazing.
    0:27:19 Yeah, it’s like 70% of kids drop out of it or something like that.
    0:27:19 Yeah.
    0:27:20 Babysitting mutants.
    0:27:22 Basically.
    0:27:25 The kids were, they were amazing speakers.
    0:27:29 And so when we hang out, it’s great to hang out with people who are a few levels above where
    0:27:31 you speak because then you’re able to pick it up.
    0:27:31 For sure.
    0:27:33 You’re like, oh, what’s that little grammatical thing you’re doing?
    0:27:33 What’s that word you’re using?
    0:27:36 And then I just hung out with Japanese people constantly and played music.
    0:27:41 And music was really, you know, this lingua franca sort of thing where I could just hang
    0:27:42 with all these incredible musicians.
    0:27:44 I’ve been playing drums for so long.
    0:27:45 I was in the studio all the time.
    0:27:49 And you just start to pick up slang and casual Japanese.
    0:27:56 It also gives you a context through which you can develop Japanese friendships without having
    0:27:57 a lot of Japanese, right?
    0:28:00 Which was judo for me because I came from wrestling.
    0:28:07 And they didn’t care if I sounded like, you know, a caveman with traumatic brain injury.
    0:28:07 They didn’t care.
    0:28:12 As long as I could actually help the team and do something, they were like, great, we’ll support
    0:28:12 the savage.
    0:28:15 And that worked.
    0:28:21 And I’m curious to know, did you end up, at least in my case, way back in the day, this
    0:28:26 was probably in, I think it was in Shinjuku maybe, where I found Kinokunya.
    0:28:35 And I went there to the Japanese language learning section and found English language judo textbooks.
    0:28:36 Right.
    0:28:44 So it also became a way for me in terms of motivation to learn how to read.
    0:28:49 Because once I made it through those textbooks, I was like, well, all that’s left are judo textbooks
    0:28:56 in Japanese, which means I’m going to need to learn to read Japanese, which is its own thing.
    0:29:00 I’m very envious that you had the students who were a few levels above you, because that
    0:29:03 just seems like the perfect recipe, right?
    0:29:03 Huge.
    0:29:08 Because to teach, if you’re at a homestay like I was when I was 15, I had three different
    0:29:11 host families, not because I was a delinquent, but that’s how it was set up.
    0:29:15 You would rotate through different families over the course of a year.
    0:29:23 And the first, let’s just say, first family, pretty much a wash because I couldn’t communicate
    0:29:27 at all, nor could I ask them questions in Japanese to clarify what they were saying.
    0:29:33 And then the second family probably took me a month before I found my legs and could finally
    0:29:34 start communicating with them.
    0:29:40 My host family was very lovely, but completely, completely bonkers.
    0:29:43 Let me paint this picture for you.
    0:29:45 So they ran an udon noodle shop, right?
    0:29:47 So every meal was udon.
    0:29:53 So udon, you should explain, but it’s like these very thick noodles, right?
    0:29:53 Yeah.
    0:29:54 Yeah.
    0:29:54 Yeah.
    0:29:59 So it’s like soba is sort of, soba is weird because it’s both like the fast food of Japan
    0:30:03 in the sense like there’s tachigui soba in front of stations that you can go to at seven
    0:30:05 in the morning and just slurp something up before you go to work.
    0:30:06 And it costs like two bucks.
    0:30:08 Soba means standing and eating literally, right?
    0:30:09 You’re at a countertop standing.
    0:30:15 But at the same time, soba can also be incredibly refined where you spend $30 on a bowl and it’s
    0:30:16 like two slurps and you’re done.
    0:30:21 And so anyway, soba’s got that weird gamut, but udon is like firmly just like working class
    0:30:22 food.
    0:30:24 Like it doesn’t really get fancy.
    0:30:27 And so there’s some places that try to make it fancy, but it’s really not that fancy.
    0:30:29 So anyway, this is a working class family.
    0:30:30 So it was, it was sort of ironic.
    0:30:35 I left my working class town to go across the world and I get plopped down basically
    0:30:38 in, in a place that felt really, I was like, oh, okay.
    0:30:39 I know these people.
    0:30:40 I know this part of town.
    0:30:42 It was a very working class part of Tokyo.
    0:30:46 And, um, you know, there was like kind of homeless people out walking around that I’d like say
    0:30:47 hi to all the time.
    0:30:51 And like, I’d go to the arcade and there’d always be, you know, these weird, like middle
    0:30:54 aged people that just clearly didn’t have jobs playing street fighter all the time.
    0:30:55 So we’d just play together.
    0:30:57 I was like, I get this.
    0:30:58 These are, these are totally my people.
    0:31:01 So they had an udon shop and there was an 11 year old son.
    0:31:07 And unfortunately for me, he slept in his parents’ bed.
    0:31:13 So he didn’t have any privacy and he decided he had discovered his penis soon after I arrived.
    0:31:21 And he decided that he was going to release frequently around the house in different places.
    0:31:27 So, so I would be, try to send an email at the kotatsu.
    0:31:29 So it’s, you know, it’s like November, it’s kind of chilly.
    0:31:30 I’m sitting under the kotatsu.
    0:31:32 We’d had like, there was, the house was so cold.
    0:31:33 What’s a kotatsu?
    0:31:36 Kotatsu is a low table with like a heater underneath it.
    0:31:38 So it’s basically, you put your legs under it.
    0:31:40 There’s like a big, heavy blanket.
    0:31:42 Like everything that’s under the table is kind of a mystery.
    0:31:44 You don’t know what, what’s lurking under the table.
    0:31:45 Oh no.
    0:31:48 This house was so cold.
    0:31:52 This house got, I swear to God, probably like three minutes of sunlight a year.
    0:31:56 Like it was just, I don’t even know how they architected it to have so little sunlight.
    0:31:58 It was just so freezing, no insulation.
    0:32:02 One of the people I met at the arcade, I was like complaining about like how, how cold it
    0:32:02 was.
    0:32:05 And they bought me a full body snowsuit to wear to bed.
    0:32:10 You’re like Kenny from South Park when you went to bed.
    0:32:13 I was like, well, how, what am I supposed to do?
    0:32:15 This is literally the coldest I’ve ever been in my life.
    0:32:17 Anyway, so we’re, we’re sitting under the kotatsu.
    0:32:21 I’m doing emails, the little 11 year olds, like reading manga.
    0:32:24 And then suddenly I realized he’s doing a little more than reading.
    0:32:26 So he’s just jerking off everywhere.
    0:32:29 This kid is just, he’s just masturbating all over the house.
    0:32:33 And like, I don’t know how to say don’t masturbate.
    0:32:38 So I, I came home from school the next day and we were alone and I was just like, I got
    0:32:40 to tell him to not, not jerk off everywhere.
    0:32:41 And so I was like, I mimed it.
    0:32:46 I had to like mime, don’t masturbate under the table, you know, and like his brain, I’m
    0:32:51 like, I’m sure if Japan had therapy, you know, which no one goes to therapy in Japan, we
    0:32:52 could talk about that too.
    0:32:56 Like, which I think is like a great travesty of Japan, but like if Japan had therapy, this
    0:32:58 kid definitely, I probably caused him some therapy.
    0:33:01 He probably, he hasn’t masturbated in 24 years.
    0:33:05 Like one way or another, he was going to need some therapy or an equivalent, but yeah.
    0:33:06 Oh, wow.
    0:33:08 So, so that was insane.
    0:33:11 And then now in your mind, are you like, these people are insane.
    0:33:12 You’re like, wow, this is Japan.
    0:33:14 No, I was like, oh my God.
    0:33:16 I sort of pulled the short straw on my homestay.
    0:33:20 Like other kids’ homestay families, it was like, they were like, oh, I live on the 34th
    0:33:23 floor of this beautiful, you know, tower apartment block.
    0:33:25 And my family is taking me skiing next weekend.
    0:33:28 My family, they’re like, oh, we’re going to go to our summer home.
    0:33:29 You want to come?
    0:33:30 I was like, yeah, great summer home.
    0:33:31 They take me to their summer home.
    0:33:35 It’s like a shack by the river, like with cockroaches.
    0:33:38 I was like, what, what is going, where, who are these people?
    0:33:42 They were very sweet, but it was, I was like, I don’t know if these people should have homestays,
    0:33:42 dudes.
    0:33:47 Well, my guess is they got paid by Wasida or whoever, right?
    0:33:48 So it’s a gig.
    0:33:49 It’s a gig.
    0:33:50 And they had so many gigs.
    0:33:57 So they had another gig was they were like hosting a Korean kid who was just working,
    0:34:01 I guess, like as like a laborer at the Udon restaurant.
    0:34:03 Like, but he lived, he slept in the closet.
    0:34:05 So they’re getting a two for one.
    0:34:07 They get free labor.
    0:34:10 So I’ve got the 11 year old son jerking off all over the place.
    0:34:13 And then there’s this Korean guy who was like maybe 25.
    0:34:14 He sleeps in the closet.
    0:34:19 He was super Christian because, you know, it’s like Christianity is sort of like a, it’s a huge
    0:34:19 thing in Korea.
    0:34:26 And so he would come into my bedroom every night and you kneel in the entryway of my
    0:34:31 bedroom and go, Craig, son, I want, will you please come with me to church?
    0:34:32 Like every night he would ask me to come to church.
    0:34:38 So I’m like, I’m just in the most, and I’m trying to like figure out who I am.
    0:34:40 I’m trying to like recreate this, like a personal identity.
    0:34:43 And I’m just like, there’s ejaculate flying everywhere.
    0:34:45 There’s cockroaches like shooting across the room.
    0:34:47 I’m going to sleep in a snowsuit.
    0:34:49 This Korean kid is asking me to go to church with him.
    0:34:51 All I’m eating is udon.
    0:34:56 It was, it was a weird, it was a weird landing.
    0:34:56 Oh my God.
    0:34:57 All right.
    0:35:02 So you can see why I like to explore the footnotes because we could have skipped that whole story.
    0:35:03 We could have skipped all that.
    0:35:10 Just a quick thanks to one of our sponsors and we’ll be right back to the show.
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    0:36:16 I want to point out a few things to folks who have not spent a lot of time in Japan,
    0:36:19 or maybe they just went to Japan and stayed in some fancy hotels.
    0:36:21 There are a lot of cockroaches in Japan.
    0:36:22 Oh, yeah.
    0:36:23 A ton.
    0:36:23 A ton.
    0:36:24 Oh, yeah.
    0:36:28 And my second host family, who I’m still very close to, I’m actually going back to see them
    0:36:29 next month.
    0:36:30 I’m very excited.
    0:36:35 This is, God, I mean, this is more than 30 years later.
    0:36:38 I’m still close to my host parents and my brothers.
    0:36:41 It’s just an amazing blessing in my life.
    0:36:49 Talk about inflection points were real moments that at the time seemed special, but you don’t
    0:36:51 realize quite the significance, kind of like the computer.
    0:36:52 Way to rub it in, Tim.
    0:36:53 Yeah, just rub it in.
    0:36:55 I’m glad you had a good host day.
    0:36:56 Hold on, hold on.
    0:36:59 I had a good host day, but the house was full of cockroaches.
    0:37:02 And this is in Tokyo.
    0:37:04 It’s very common.
    0:37:11 And these cockroaches, people weren’t probably betting on getting a lot of cockroach talk in
    0:37:16 this conversation, but the cockroaches also in Japan are very fond of flying.
    0:37:21 They will not just scurry, but they’ll take off and just fly right into your face.
    0:37:27 And so my host mom, when she went into the laundry room, the dog’s name, this little tiny
    0:37:30 like miniature Shiba was called Aichan.
    0:37:35 And she would walk in there and then a bunch of cockroaches would like fly out of the laundry
    0:37:35 into her face.
    0:37:38 And she’d go, Aichan, Aichan, Gokipuri, Gokipuri.
    0:37:40 She’d be like, cockroach, cockroach.
    0:37:46 And this little miniature Shiba would storm in and kind of porpoise nose these cockroaches
    0:37:46 to death.
    0:37:52 And this was like a daily, at least multiple times a week kind of thing.
    0:37:54 But yeah, that homestay sounds pretty formative.
    0:37:57 It’s funny now, but it was pretty stressful.
    0:37:59 It speaks to how much I was enjoying everything else.
    0:38:04 And it was so clearly a business for them too, because I was like, for a spring break, I hitchhiked
    0:38:05 across the country.
    0:38:10 And I told them, I said, hey, I’m going to go hitchhike to Fukuoka now.
    0:38:11 And they’re like, oh yeah, good luck.
    0:38:11 Bye.
    0:38:16 It was like, there was no, it wasn’t like, hey, do you want, do you need some supplies?
    0:38:17 Do you want us to drive you somewhere?
    0:38:19 It was like, oh yeah, good luck.
    0:38:20 We’ll see you in a month.
    0:38:25 I have to just tell you one story, which I don’t, we’ve never talked about, but we’ve
    0:38:26 talked a lot, but we haven’t covered this.
    0:38:30 So my very first host family, I got the distinct impression they didn’t really want me there.
    0:38:35 They were also being paid and they were reasonably polite.
    0:38:40 But there’s a difference, you learn this, I think, pretty quickly in Japan, like there
    0:38:42 is a difference between polite and nice.
    0:38:45 There is like tanin gyogi, right?
    0:38:49 Like there’s like stranger formality where you’re like, oh, so polite.
    0:38:50 Yes, very polite.
    0:38:51 But they didn’t really want me there.
    0:38:59 And my host mom really begrudged having to make me lunch, school lunch, right?
    0:39:05 So basically I got these like mayonnaise sandwiches on like white bread every day for lunch.
    0:39:10 And after a week or two of this, I was like, I can’t, I just can’t do this.
    0:39:13 So I would go to lunch in my uniform.
    0:39:16 I was the only American student for most of my time there.
    0:39:20 It was very easy to find where’s Waldo in my school uniform.
    0:39:26 And there were other kids, though, who had been given the same like curry rice by their
    0:39:27 mom every day.
    0:39:28 And they were pretty sick of it.
    0:39:30 So I started trading my breakfasts.
    0:39:37 And when this was discovered by my host brother, he actually started a fistfight with me.
    0:39:43 He was so offended that I’d like dishonored his mother by trading her mayonnaise sandwiches.
    0:39:44 Oh my God.
    0:39:48 Because a lot of folks who’ve never been to Japan or if they’ve just been in the hotels,
    0:39:50 right, they have a certain image of the Japanese.
    0:39:53 Here, here’s my advice.
    0:39:53 Okay.
    0:39:54 You’re listening to this.
    0:39:55 You’re like, you’re a teenager or whatever.
    0:39:56 You think you want to go to Japan.
    0:39:57 Go to Japan.
    0:39:58 Don’t do a homestay.
    0:39:59 That’s my advice.
    0:40:03 Like I think, you know, all of my friends who were in the dormitories, I was so jealous
    0:40:07 of them because it was just sane and like controlled and like you had heaters and stuff
    0:40:07 like that.
    0:40:09 Now I’ll push back though.
    0:40:14 If you were in a dormitory, depending on how it was configured, especially in this day and age with
    0:40:18 smartphones and so on, you might not learn as much Japanese.
    0:40:19 I mean, there’s a chance.
    0:40:20 I don’t know.
    0:40:25 I would do a homestay again, even though I took some bruises, not as many moments of
    0:40:32 ejaculate flying as you experienced, but nonetheless, also this is such like inside baseball, but
    0:40:35 holy shit are houses in Japan cold a lot of the time.
    0:40:43 I mean, it’s like, and I just remember getting up to go to the bathroom and if you think like my
    0:40:49 parents were very cheap with electricity growing up on Long Island and it was cold, but if you
    0:40:54 think that’s cold, go to Japan and experience the lack of insulation in the middle of the winter
    0:41:00 and get up and it is freezing, freezing cold.
    0:41:01 All right.
    0:41:03 So we’ve covered a bunch of that.
    0:41:08 That was now, tell me when you left Japan to go back to UPenn.
    0:41:11 I guess we can kind of peg it in your macro timeline.
    0:41:13 You get back.
    0:41:15 What happens after UPenn?
    0:41:21 The summer between junior and senior year, I did an internship in Tokyo at a magazine
    0:41:25 and the editor in chief there was like, Hey, I want to start a publishing company.
    0:41:26 Do you want to like be the art director?
    0:41:27 And I was like, yes.
    0:41:31 Just because one of the summers in Silicon Valley, I did an internship with like a startup,
    0:41:32 like a small design agency.
    0:41:33 And it was great.
    0:41:39 And then the second summer I got a job with a bigger company and I got a taste of being
    0:41:39 in a company.
    0:41:40 And what does that mean?
    0:41:44 And like being part of the system and I was just immediately like, okay, I can’t do this.
    0:41:46 So I had no intention.
    0:41:47 I just couldn’t do it.
    0:41:49 I was like, okay, this isn’t for me.
    0:41:50 This isn’t for me.
    0:41:51 This system is broken.
    0:41:52 Whatever this is.
    0:41:53 I can feel it in my chest.
    0:41:54 I can’t do this.
    0:41:58 And I remember walking around San Francisco that summer that I had, I was working at the
    0:42:00 big company and I was just like talking with my friend Rob.
    0:42:03 And I was just like, and they offered me, they’re like, Hey, we’ll pay for college.
    0:42:04 Like stay with us.
    0:42:06 They really, you know, I was like, whatever.
    0:42:08 I was kind of talented at doing web crap.
    0:42:10 Like back then, not many people were.
    0:42:12 And I was like, no, I can’t do this.
    0:42:13 And I was like, I’m running away to Japan.
    0:42:16 I had always had this fierce independence and it’s connected with where I come from because
    0:42:20 like where I came from, I saw there was no healthcare.
    0:42:22 People were fairly struggling.
    0:42:26 You know, a lot of my friends, their sisters were pregnant as teenagers.
    0:42:29 It was like kind of endemic, like people just weren’t really being supported.
    0:42:32 So from a very young age, I was like, I have to be independent.
    0:42:33 I have to control my destiny.
    0:42:40 I have to be sort of pathological about making sure I’m secure to like get to the next stage.
    0:42:42 And so being independent was really important to me.
    0:42:45 My buddy, you know, the editor-in-chief’s like, Hey, let’s start a publishing company.
    0:42:47 I was like, great, let’s do that.
    0:42:48 I’ll move back to Tokyo as a student.
    0:42:50 I want to go do grad school stuff anyway.
    0:42:53 We can start like getting the publishing company up and running.
    0:42:57 And when I was at UPenn, I had a couple of amazing professors.
    0:43:02 The reason why I picked UPenn was because I, it had a computer science and fine arts program.
    0:43:04 And it was called the DMD, digital media design.
    0:43:05 That’s cool.
    0:43:06 I didn’t realize that.
    0:43:07 That’s early.
    0:43:09 It was super early, super early.
    0:43:12 Cause you had the MIT media lab, but that was only grad school.
    0:43:17 And I loved John Mita’s stuff, Ben Fry’s stuff, Casey Ray’s stuff that was all coming
    0:43:18 out of MIT media lab.
    0:43:22 And I was so into all that, but I was too young to go to MIT as a grad student.
    0:43:24 And I was like, okay, where can I do this?
    0:43:27 And, you know, and it was like NYU kind of had a program that was like technology, I think
    0:43:33 and maybe our CMU had technology and theater and UPenn had fine arts and computer science.
    0:43:34 So I was like, great, let me do that.
    0:43:37 And the fine arts component was incredible.
    0:43:40 And I had two professors that kind of changed my life.
    0:43:45 One was Joshua Mosley, who he was an acclimation animator guy.
    0:43:45 He runs the department now.
    0:43:52 He was just, he was just this incredible archetype of like the artist doing these bizarre claymation
    0:43:52 things.
    0:43:52 Wait a second.
    0:43:58 So even at that time, he’s doing like claymation stop motion stuff in this digital media lab.
    0:43:58 Yes.
    0:43:59 Yes.
    0:44:03 And teaching us how to use the latest 3d programs.
    0:44:07 It was this totally interesting kind of like analog digital thing happening.
    0:44:10 I had some amazing photography professors.
    0:44:15 My focus was photography, but I also had a design professor, Sharka Highland, who was
    0:44:16 like this Eastern European.
    0:44:22 I don’t really know what her background was, but she was like the meanest, unless she liked
    0:44:23 your work and wish she loved you.
    0:44:27 You know, it was like one of these teachers that like she would not pull any punches.
    0:44:30 And so like everyone has their, you know, designs.
    0:44:35 Like I remember we had to like design a book cover and I had like the sun also rises or something.
    0:44:36 I think it was a Hemingway cover.
    0:44:39 Everyone’s got their stuff up on the wall and like kids are like crying because she’s
    0:44:40 like, this is gotta bitch.
    0:44:41 I hate this.
    0:44:42 This sucks.
    0:44:43 This is terrible.
    0:44:43 This is bad.
    0:44:47 This is, you know, and like, but like be very specific or specific than I think.
    0:44:49 Let me tell you the ways I hate this.
    0:44:49 Yes.
    0:44:50 So many.
    0:44:51 Where do I start?
    0:44:51 Yeah.
    0:44:52 She was amazing.
    0:44:53 She was so great.
    0:44:57 She blew open my mind about design and about book design.
    0:44:59 And it got me obsessed with wanting to make books.
    0:45:00 I’d always loved books.
    0:45:01 I’d always loved technology.
    0:45:05 You know, all the tech stuff, the blogging stuff, you know, the online writing, whatever,
    0:45:09 the news groups, all this was interesting, but nothing really captured my attention like
    0:45:09 physical books.
    0:45:15 And around the same time, McSweeney’s, the publisher out of San Francisco, Dave Eggers,
    0:45:18 he’s got his heartbreaking work of staggering genius comes out.
    0:45:20 In the moment that was like, what is happening?
    0:45:21 This book is so meta.
    0:45:23 This is like, you know, this is so much fun.
    0:45:24 You know, he’s funny.
    0:45:25 It’s a moving story.
    0:45:29 And he founded McSweeney’s and McSweeney’s was doing so many interesting things with the
    0:45:30 book as a form and design.
    0:45:35 And basically this editor-in-chief and I were like, hey, let’s do like mini McSweeney’s
    0:45:37 that’s kind of connected with Japan.
    0:45:38 That was kind of the thesis.
    0:45:40 Well, let me pause for a second here.
    0:45:41 So Sharka, was that the name?
    0:45:42 What a fucking name.
    0:45:44 I think I’m getting that roughly right.
    0:45:45 All right.
    0:45:46 Sharka Highland.
    0:45:46 Yeah.
    0:45:48 Sharka Highland.
    0:45:51 That is straight out of a comic book.
    0:45:59 So Sharka Highland, what was it that she taught you or showed you or imbued into you that got
    0:46:02 you excited about book covers or that type of design?
    0:46:03 It could be a feeling.
    0:46:05 It could be her enthusiasm.
    0:46:08 Like what was it that clicked for you?
    0:46:15 So I think I’d spend a lot of my teenage years in this like autodidactic way of trying to
    0:46:16 understand design.
    0:46:18 I didn’t know any of the greats.
    0:46:23 And I remember the first summer I was out in San Francisco, I remember going to Razorfish
    0:46:24 back in the day.
    0:46:24 Yeah.
    0:46:29 I printed out a portfolio at Kinko’s, this really terrible design portfolio.
    0:46:31 And I went to Razorfish.
    0:46:31 I went in there.
    0:46:35 I was like, hey, I’d like to talk to someone about, you know, maybe interning here or working
    0:46:35 here.
    0:46:39 And they like brought over this manager and he just, he was this really nasty guy.
    0:46:41 And he just, he was like, who are your favorite designers?
    0:46:42 Who do you like?
    0:46:46 And I was like, uh, you know, I hadn’t gone to design school at this point.
    0:46:47 I was like 18 years old.
    0:46:48 I was 19 years old.
    0:46:52 I came from this place that like literally no one had picked up like a John Updike book,
    0:46:55 let alone looked at the cover, let alone thought about who designed it.
    0:46:58 And I’m like, you know, I was really into internet design.
    0:46:58 So I was like K10K.
    0:47:02 And like the, I was naming all these handles of like antsy artists and stuff.
    0:47:03 And he’s like, who’s that?
    0:47:08 So I was just like, yeah, he was totally, he was terrible.
    0:47:09 He was terrible.
    0:47:12 But like, this is the thing I think that’s difficult for people to understand.
    0:47:18 If you come from a place where you aren’t surrounded by a kind of a sense of culture or a sense
    0:47:20 of archetypes or whatever, and then you leave and you go into the bigger world and you realize
    0:47:25 people aren’t sort of operating with the same deficit you might have in those ways, that
    0:47:28 your sense of self-worth to ratchet that up is a really difficult, long process.
    0:47:30 And that’s basically what I spent all of my twenties doing.
    0:47:36 And I think Sharka saw in me that I had a certain intuitive, like eye for design.
    0:47:42 And she was able, even though she was so critical and she was critical of some of the things I
    0:47:45 remember she asked me, she’s like, why did you make that red?
    0:47:46 And I was like, I don’t know.
    0:47:47 I kind of like red.
    0:47:48 She’s like, look at this idiot.
    0:47:50 He doesn’t even know why he made it red.
    0:47:51 You know?
    0:47:52 And I was like, I was like, oh man.
    0:47:56 But really the reason was I, you know, I’m colorblind and like, I don’t really see that
    0:47:56 many colors.
    0:47:59 And so I was like, oh, red is like a color that like is easy for me to use.
    0:48:01 Well, hold on a second.
    0:48:03 So let me just double click on that.
    0:48:09 I know this is my habit, but when I think of colorblind, usually I think of red as one
    0:48:11 of the most commonly missing colors.
    0:48:12 Yeah.
    0:48:14 Because you don’t have the cones.
    0:48:14 Right.
    0:48:15 Red, green.
    0:48:15 Yeah.
    0:48:15 Red, green.
    0:48:18 But like a strong, vibrant red, I can see really well.
    0:48:20 And so that’s kind of what I was drawn to.
    0:48:26 If you look a lot of my early design slash all of my design, it’s like red plays a pretty,
    0:48:27 it’s basically black, white, and red.
    0:48:31 It’s like, that’s what I’ve been riffing off of for 25 years.
    0:48:34 The Sin City color palette.
    0:48:34 Yeah.
    0:48:39 But Sharka, I would say, you know, saw enough of like potential slash an intuitive sense of
    0:48:41 design that she elevated.
    0:48:42 And I did some branding work.
    0:48:46 I did branding work for the publishing company that I started with this guy, the editor-in-chief.
    0:48:50 And, you know, she kind of reviewed it and she like gave me all this amazing feedback.
    0:48:54 So she really, she made me feel like I could do it, which is incredible.
    0:48:58 I had one teacher in elementary school, kind of like that.
    0:49:00 It was like a brutal woman.
    0:49:05 But if she decided she really loved you, then she paid attention.
    0:49:12 And I don’t know if this is true with Sharka, but was it your intuitive sense or was there
    0:49:20 part of you, did you reflect in what you did in the class in some way pointing to you caring
    0:49:21 more than other students?
    0:49:22 I’m just curious about that.
    0:49:28 Because I remember the moment when this teacher went from brutalizing me to actually deciding,
    0:49:30 okay, now I’m going to give you a little extra attention.
    0:49:36 And it’s because I spent like 10 times more time than I needed to on this class project where
    0:49:39 I illustrated all of these different components of it.
    0:49:41 She was like, oh, okay.
    0:49:42 All right, fine.
    0:49:45 I’d like to say that I was caring more, but I’m not sure.
    0:49:47 I’m not sure I knew how to work yet.
    0:49:52 When I think back to who I was back then, I don’t think I understood what really, truly
    0:49:54 committing to a creative project felt like.
    0:49:56 I wish I could go back in time.
    0:49:59 Going to university, I think when you’re 18, 19, 20 is such a waste.
    0:50:01 But you just don’t know what you’re doing.
    0:50:02 I certainly didn’t.
    0:50:06 There’s a part of me that’s like, I’d really love to go back to school.
    0:50:11 As a footnote, I just dropped my stepdaughter off at boarding school.
    0:50:13 Big backstory to all of this.
    0:50:14 But I dropped her off.
    0:50:16 She’s going to school in New Zealand.
    0:50:19 We wanted her to kind of find an interesting place.
    0:50:20 This is like my ex’s kid.
    0:50:24 So it’s like this, we can talk about this and adoption and like what blood means for
    0:50:24 family or whatever.
    0:50:29 But like, I consider her, she’s my daughter, you know, even though it’s a complicated situation.
    0:50:31 Anyway, to New Zealand.
    0:50:34 And I brought her there in January, the two of us.
    0:50:35 I took her down to school.
    0:50:37 I went to like the parent initiation and all that stuff.
    0:50:43 She’s 15 and I was so excited for her.
    0:50:45 I mean, it was a little bit embarrassing.
    0:50:46 I was probably too excited.
    0:50:49 But I was just like, oh my God, I would have cut off.
    0:50:54 I would have literally cut off a finger to have had this opportunity when I was 15 to be able
    0:50:55 to come to a place like this.
    0:50:56 It’s not that fancy.
    0:50:58 It’s like, you know, whatever.
    0:51:00 It’s like, I didn’t want her surrounded by a bunch of pricks.
    0:51:02 So it’s like, it’s very like sane.
    0:51:04 It’s like a sane boarding school.
    0:51:08 It’s not, it’s not fancy, but there’s resources and there’s like a great music program and she
    0:51:10 can take piano lessons and guitar lessons.
    0:51:12 And there’s like a great sports program and all this stuff.
    0:51:16 And I was just like, oh my God, you are so, I’m like, you don’t understand.
    0:51:17 I’m like shaking her.
    0:51:18 She’s like, please stop.
    0:51:19 You’re embarrassing me.
    0:51:22 Like why go leave, please dad, get out of here.
    0:51:26 But I was just like, I was like, this is so, so incredible that you could do this.
    0:51:31 And just as like the sense of like, I know how I could use those resources in a way.
    0:51:34 I think even when I was at UPenn, I didn’t quite understand, but I did, I worked hard.
    0:51:35 I was committing to these things.
    0:51:35 I was working hard.
    0:51:39 You know, I think we’re going to weave in and out of Japan.
    0:51:42 So I feel like we can pause on that for a minute.
    0:51:47 I ultimately want to get an idea of what it is, like, what are the things in Japan that
    0:51:50 attract you so much to it that keep you there?
    0:51:56 Maybe things that people miss, but I want to ask you as maybe a segue into
    0:52:00 some of your huge walks and trips in general.
    0:52:05 Tell me if this makes any sense, because I have not read the full context on this
    0:52:10 because I didn’t know this story, but I wanted to ask you about it.
    0:52:12 2009 hike to Nepal.
    0:52:14 Is that enough of a cue?
    0:52:16 Can you tell this story?
    0:52:18 Yeah, that’s an inflection point.
    0:52:20 I just got like goosebumps actually.
    0:52:23 So I really struggled with alcohol in my twenties.
    0:52:25 My teenage years, I didn’t touch anything.
    0:52:28 I was militantly straight edge ish.
    0:52:33 And basically looking back now, I realize I had such a strong impulse to make sure I could
    0:52:35 get to whatever the next place was.
    0:52:40 Anything I saw that could hold me back, which included falling in love or doing drugs or anything
    0:52:43 like that, that was like a retarding agent.
    0:52:46 As a teenager, I was like, immediately I was like, okay, I don’t need this.
    0:52:49 And I got to Japan and it was like, oh, this is a place to reinvent myself.
    0:52:54 And I started drinking because as you do, because people drink so much here.
    0:52:57 And it turns out that I can drink a lot.
    0:53:00 I can have 15, 20 drinks, not throw up.
    0:53:01 I lack out.
    0:53:02 Sure.
    0:53:06 But like there’s something in my genes that allows me to just drink.
    0:53:11 And then after two or three drinks, something activates where it’s just all we live for is
    0:53:11 more drink.
    0:53:17 And I think, you know, from most of my twenties, because I had such a low sense of self-worth
    0:53:21 because of where I came from, because of, I felt this abundance of people around me that
    0:53:22 I didn’t feel I had.
    0:53:24 And I didn’t know how to ratchet that up.
    0:53:32 And I had this desire to produce culture or to produce art, to produce literature at a
    0:53:35 level that I didn’t know how to, and I didn’t know how to bridge that gap.
    0:53:39 And what I ended up doing was, because I didn’t have mentors, because I didn’t have
    0:53:41 archetypes near me, I just drank like a fish.
    0:53:45 And I played a lot of music because that was one thing I did have mastery over.
    0:53:48 And I played a lot of music and I played a lot of that blacked out.
    0:53:51 And, you know, it was just, I’m really lucky I didn’t die.
    0:53:55 I mean, it would be one of these things where many, many mornings of my life, I’ve woken up
    0:53:58 and it’s just been checking, is my face okay?
    0:54:00 Did I break my skull open or, you know, something like that.
    0:54:02 And I was madly in love.
    0:54:03 I fell madly, madly in love.
    0:54:05 I was 26, 27 years old.
    0:54:11 And I just, I had the most incredible love connection I’d ever felt.
    0:54:14 This like otherworldly sense of being in love with this person.
    0:54:22 And we connected so intensely and immediately went on a 40-day trip.
    0:54:26 Like a week after meeting, a 40-day trip through Tibet.
    0:54:28 We went to Tibet.
    0:54:30 I was possessed by a spirit.
    0:54:32 I like, I spoke in tongues.
    0:54:33 Wait, hold on.
    0:54:34 We hiked up to a glacier.
    0:54:38 I mean, we can’t really skip over getting possessed by spirits.
    0:54:50 I mean, it was, yeah, there was, we stayed at this one little hotel in Laza that had not
    0:54:51 always been a hotel.
    0:54:52 You know, it was this old structure.
    0:55:00 And woke up the next morning and my girlfriend was being very strange.
    0:55:01 She was being very weird.
    0:55:02 And I was like, what’s going on?
    0:55:04 She’s like, I’ll tell you when we get outside.
    0:55:04 I was like, what?
    0:55:06 You’ll tell me when we get outside?
    0:55:06 Like, what’s this about?
    0:55:11 And we go outside and she goes, okay, last night we had to get out of there because last
    0:55:14 night I woke up in the middle of the night.
    0:55:19 You were on your side of the bed cradling something that was not there.
    0:55:21 You were speaking in Tibetan.
    0:55:23 I couldn’t get you to wake up.
    0:55:27 And I was trying to speak to you in English, trying to speak to you in Japanese.
    0:55:28 You wouldn’t respond.
    0:55:35 And I finally crawled over on your side of the bed and I kind of took the air that you
    0:55:41 were holding and I turned you on your side and you were able to like calm down and go
    0:55:41 to sleep.
    0:55:47 And I was like, oh my God, I had this, cause I had had this vision slash dream of this woman
    0:55:51 in white standing in the doorway and for at the foot of the bed the night before.
    0:55:53 And I don’t know what was, what was happening.
    0:55:56 And like, even now I’m like full body goosebumps right now.
    0:56:00 Oh God, it’s like straight out of paranormal activity or something.
    0:56:02 I’m just like, oh God.
    0:56:03 It was so bizarre.
    0:56:06 And we had been, you know, and you have to imagine like, I don’t know if you’ve ever been
    0:56:10 in love to this degree where it just feels like everything in the world is fated.
    0:56:13 Like everything is a sign that you need to be together, that this is magic.
    0:56:16 Like only these things can possibly happen because you’re connected, you’re together.
    0:56:20 We both bought, I remember we like pulled out our books on the first day of the trip.
    0:56:23 We had both brought The Stranger by Camus.
    0:56:27 You know, it was like, it was like, oh my God, we’re fated.
    0:56:31 I went back to the hotel and I went to the manager and I was like, hey, uh, I don’t
    0:56:32 think we could stay here tonight.
    0:56:33 He’s like, oh, what’s wrong?
    0:56:36 And I was like, well, you know, I was kind of possessed, saw this.
    0:56:37 He’s like, did you see the woman?
    0:56:43 And I was like, yeah, he’s like, he’s like, oh, oh yeah, yeah, no, I, we know what’s going
    0:56:43 on with that here.
    0:56:45 We’ll take you to the dream reader.
    0:56:47 And so I was like, what?
    0:56:48 You’ll take me to the dream.
    0:56:52 So I ended up, I’ll try to, try to truncate this cause it can, it can kind of get a little
    0:56:56 bit long, but I mean, I’m not sure anybody listening wants you to truncate this particular
    0:56:56 story.
    0:56:59 So go wherever you want.
    0:57:03 One of the workers there is like, you know, the manager’s like, okay, take him to the dream
    0:57:03 reader.
    0:57:05 So, and I’m thinking, okay, this is a scam.
    0:57:06 I’m getting scammed.
    0:57:12 And he takes us and we go to like the outskirts of Lhasa.
    0:57:16 We go to this like really kind of weird apartment block that was just made of concrete.
    0:57:18 It was maybe like two or three stories tall.
    0:57:22 And he takes us to this room on the third floor.
    0:57:25 And there’s a line of people, a line of Tibetans waiting at this door.
    0:57:28 And they were all waiting to have their dreams read.
    0:57:30 So it was like, okay, this is bizarre.
    0:57:32 So we wait, we stand in line, we go inside, we sit down inside.
    0:57:35 The most beautiful, I don’t know how old she was.
    0:57:39 She was anywhere between 15 and a thousand years old.
    0:57:44 Like she was just this, this creature of just the most bizarre light walks out.
    0:57:46 It was like being in the matrix, you know, the scene in the matrix where they’re like with
    0:57:50 the spoon and the bending and you’re in this random apartment, the TV’s on, you know, it
    0:57:51 was like that situation.
    0:57:56 She comes over, brings some yak, buttermilk tea, some cookies, because someone’s in the
    0:57:59 dream reader room and we’re waiting for them to get out.
    0:58:00 And then our term comes up.
    0:58:04 I go in there, you go into this room, it’s all candles, Dalai Lama photos, like all this
    0:58:04 stuff.
    0:58:06 It’s like, you feel like in this really holy space.
    0:58:09 And the guy from the hotel interprets for us.
    0:58:10 I tell her the dream.
    0:58:10 I tell her what happened.
    0:58:16 And she gives me this blessing, puts a white wreath around my neck, gives me this little
    0:58:20 satchel of seeds and tells me to put them under my pillow when I sleep and then writes me a
    0:58:21 prayer.
    0:58:24 And she says, okay, here’s these three pieces of paper.
    0:58:27 You have to take them to these three temples and they will burn them for you tonight.
    0:58:28 They’ll know what to do.
    0:58:31 Just tell them the dream reader sent you and you’ll be okay.
    0:58:31 You’ll be fine.
    0:58:32 Everything will be good.
    0:58:36 And I was like, no one’s asking me for money.
    0:58:39 You know, and the guy, the hotel guy’s like, oh, you can like leave a tip if you want or
    0:58:39 whatever.
    0:58:42 And like, you know, it was like a $2 or something.
    0:58:43 I like put $2 in a little thingy.
    0:58:48 And then we go to the temples and like, it ended up becoming this incredible adventure.
    0:58:50 This connects with a lot of my walking as well.
    0:58:53 You know, it’s like having experiences like this, I think informed the sense of like, just
    0:58:58 give yourself up to what the day could potentially give to you.
    0:59:01 And so I ended up going to all these temples I would have never gone to.
    0:59:04 I went to the dream reader’s apartment, which was like the most bizarre, beautiful place I
    0:59:07 went to in all of Tibet in that entire trip.
    0:59:10 We went to these temples, you know, met these monks, say, hey, can you burn this for me?
    0:59:11 Oh yes, of course.
    0:59:12 Absolutely.
    0:59:15 You know, give them like a dollar, you know, 50 cents or whatever.
    0:59:17 You know, the whole thing costs nothing.
    0:59:18 It was clearly not a scam.
    0:59:24 It was clearly this thing that a lot of locals were participating in and it was magic.
    0:59:25 It was just pure magic.
    0:59:30 So anyway, things like that were happening with this woman and I screwed it up because of my
    0:59:30 drinking.
    0:59:32 I ruined the relationship.
    0:59:36 She punched me in the face at one point, very rightfully so, you know, and she was like,
    0:59:38 hey, I can’t be with someone like you.
    0:59:39 This happened on that trip?
    0:59:41 Not on that trip.
    0:59:42 That happened a couple months later.
    0:59:44 We ended up staying together for about three months.
    0:59:49 And basically, I mean, it was just, it was about 10 years worth of lifetimes in three months.
    1:00:01 But losing her was probably the biggest psychic damage I’d ever encountered in my life, you know, as an adult.
    1:00:08 And I remember just lying in my tiny apartment in Tokyo, my six mat tatami room apartment in Tokyo.
    1:00:09 It was three in the morning.
    1:00:11 I wanted to die.
    1:00:13 It was rock, rock, rock, rock bottom.
    1:00:15 This isn’t like a ritual story.
    1:00:17 I didn’t like get up and run 40 miles or anything like that.
    1:00:19 But I was like, I’m going to start running.
    1:00:23 And I went out and I ran like 5k at three in the morning through the streets of Tokyo.
    1:00:28 And I was like, okay, I need to stop drinking.
    1:00:31 And to stop drinking, I’m going to run this marathon in November.
    1:00:33 I think it was like July when this happened.
    1:00:34 And I just started preparing for that.
    1:00:42 These were actually the first steps for me to deliberately address this lack of self-worth that I’ve been carrying around for all of my adult life.
    1:00:50 And that had, I think, driven me to drink the way I drank, that to give into whatever those genetic impulses were, and to start to go, okay, we’re going to run.
    1:00:51 We’re going to be someone who runs.
    1:00:54 A lot of this is also like very Atomic Habits style stuff.
    1:00:57 It’s like, who are you going to be and how are you going to set yourself up to be successful?
    1:00:59 I’m going to be a person who runs.
    1:01:01 I’m going to be a person who doesn’t drink.
    1:01:03 I’m going to be a person who charges a lot.
    1:01:12 So I was at this time, you know, with the publishing company thing, we were producing these books that were winning awards and making absolutely no money.
    1:01:17 And so I was consulting, doing like web design consulting and stuff like that.
    1:01:21 And I was like, okay, I’m going to start charging absurd amounts of money for my time.
    1:01:22 The worst that can happen is people reject.
    1:01:24 And they started accepting it.
    1:01:32 And I was like, oh, little by little, all of these stupid little steps from the time I was basically 27 to 30.
    1:01:36 These were the most important years of tiny little steps.
    1:01:37 My time is more valuable.
    1:01:39 I’m going to be a person who runs.
    1:01:40 I’m going to be a person who can take care of himself.
    1:01:44 I still drank, even though I tried to not drink, but I started lowering it.
    1:01:51 It took me about four full years to completely get off the sauce in a really dangerous way.
    1:01:58 And it kind of, part of it culminated in going to Nepal and climbing up to Annapurta base camp.
    1:02:03 And that was after we had broken up and I felt like all the magic of my life was done.
    1:02:05 I felt like there was no way for me to experience magic again.
    1:02:10 I felt like she, and again, it’s this totally irrational sense of scarcity.
    1:02:16 The amount of scarcity I felt as an adult in my twenties is just shocking.
    1:02:18 It was this fathomless sense of scarcity.
    1:02:20 Like the money’s not going to be there.
    1:02:21 The love isn’t going to be there.
    1:02:22 The support isn’t going to be there.
    1:02:27 And then when I lost her, I was like, I’m never going to have anyone who will ever love me.
    1:02:28 Like this person loved me.
    1:02:31 And like, well, I’m never going to be able to create like I created with this person.
    1:02:34 And I had to start proving to myself that that wasn’t true.
    1:02:36 And I climbed up.
    1:02:39 I was like, okay, I’m just going to go to Nepal and I’m going to climb up Annapurta, go to base camp.
    1:02:41 It was a pretty random choice.
    1:02:43 What’s the elevation on something like that?
    1:02:44 Roughly.
    1:02:44 Do you have any idea?
    1:02:46 It’s headache elevation.
    1:02:47 That’s the elevation.
    1:02:51 You’re definitely not comfortable.
    1:02:53 You’re definitely at altitude sickness levels.
    1:02:58 It’s like, yeah, that’s 13,550 feet.
    1:02:58 That’s high.
    1:03:01 But it’s going to be enough for altitude sickness for sure.
    1:03:02 Yeah.
    1:03:04 So I fly out there.
    1:03:08 I go to Pocata, which is the town that kind of everyone starts the trek from.
    1:03:10 I wasn’t going to hire a guide.
    1:03:13 At the last second, I thought, okay, maybe I shouldn’t do this alone.
    1:03:16 And I went to like the random guide shop and I said, hey, do you have a guide?
    1:03:18 I just want him to be there to make sure I don’t die.
    1:03:19 I need to be alone.
    1:03:21 This needs to be kind of like a solo thing.
    1:03:22 I’m being like a weirdo.
    1:03:25 And he’s like, the guy’s like, yeah, no problem.
    1:03:25 No problem.
    1:03:25 Yeah.
    1:03:28 He gives me this young guide.
    1:03:29 He must’ve been like 18.
    1:03:36 And he was the sweetest, most compassionate, incredible human.
    1:03:40 We bonded as brothers.
    1:03:41 He was calling me older brother.
    1:03:42 I was calling him younger brother.
    1:03:44 Die and bye.
    1:03:49 And I got to base camp on my 29th birthday.
    1:03:56 It was, and it was a full moon and I put this thermos of coffee or hot water in my jacket.
    1:04:00 And I walked out to the edge of the moraine looking out over the, essentially you’re on
    1:04:01 the moon up there.
    1:04:02 I mean, it really is incredible.
    1:04:03 The edge of the, what did you just say?
    1:04:04 Moraine?
    1:04:05 What is a moraine?
    1:04:11 Moraine is sort of like when a glacier pulls back and it leaves this kind of valley, essentially.
    1:04:11 I see.
    1:04:12 Got it.
    1:04:14 And you’re kind of at this lip.
    1:04:19 It’s a huge fall down, but you’re also in this, not caldera, but you’re in this cradle.
    1:04:23 You’re surrounded by Annapurna and Machu Picchu and like all these other mega peaks.
    1:04:24 It’s just amazing.
    1:04:28 The base camp is in this cradle of beauty and lifelessness.
    1:04:29 It’s like you’re on the moon.
    1:04:35 And I sat up there and it was just a really important moment to sit there and not have
    1:04:38 a smartphone and not to be like taking photos and like trying to tweet or whatever.
    1:04:40 That trip was so powerful to me.
    1:04:44 I came back and I was like, I have to write about this and I have to write about the camera
    1:04:45 that I was using.
    1:04:48 And I have to create something from this.
    1:04:52 I have to wrest something from this experience, give it form.
    1:04:58 And I wrote this ridiculous camera review that was kind of one of the first, I don’t want
    1:04:59 to say it was the first field review.
    1:05:02 You know how like everyone does like the field review of like iPhone cameras and stuff now.
    1:05:04 But this was early.
    1:05:05 I mean, very early.
    1:05:09 This is 2009 and it was the Panasonic GF1.
    1:05:11 It was this tiny little camera that was actually made.
    1:05:15 I think it was made to market to women because it was like meant to be this like really tiny,
    1:05:20 cute camera, but it was also this amazing camera and it was micro four thirds, this new
    1:05:21 technology, this new sensor.
    1:05:23 And I was like, this is really kind of exciting, really cool.
    1:05:27 I wrote about that and the article went bananas.
    1:05:30 What happened as a result of that article going bananas?
    1:05:32 Like what dominoes did that tip over?
    1:05:35 That article is the first, I think, long form ish.
    1:05:37 It was mixing design.
    1:05:39 It was mixing the web.
    1:05:44 And when you say mixing design, that means you had multimedia components or a mixture of
    1:05:46 photographs and texts.
    1:05:47 What do you mean by that?
    1:05:52 There was a lot of designers on the web, like Zeldman, Jason Santamaria, Liz Danzico, working
    1:05:59 in the early, mid 2000s, late 2000s, like refining the CSS spec and like showing, you know, CSS
    1:06:01 ZenGuard and showing what you can do with design and stuff like that.
    1:06:06 But it was always, you know, there was blogs and stuff, but there weren’t really articles
    1:06:09 that were like long form designed in the same way you do for like a magazine.
    1:06:15 There was a guy in Tokyo who I was sharing a studio with, Oliver Reichenstein, who was
    1:06:16 running this thing called Information Architects.
    1:06:18 And he was doing it.
    1:06:19 And again, this is like the power of archetypes.
    1:06:24 I would sit next to Oliver and watch him work on these mega articles about typography or
    1:06:25 whatever and design these beautiful pages.
    1:06:28 And I was like, oh, that’s how the work is done.
    1:06:29 This is how long it takes.
    1:06:30 This is how much you have to refine.
    1:06:36 So I took that archetype of Oliver, who was generous enough to give me studio space in his
    1:06:36 studio.
    1:06:40 I applied it to this walk and to this camera review.
    1:06:44 This guide too, he was like, there’s this love that I wanted to give this thing because,
    1:06:48 you know, we came down from the mountain, the guide, his name is Home, Home, H-O-M.
    1:06:51 We come down and we’re both, we’re saying goodbye.
    1:06:52 And it’s like such an emotional goodbye.
    1:06:53 We don’t want to say goodbye.
    1:06:56 He goes, die, you know, older brother.
    1:07:01 He goes, like a month before we met, my older brother died in a motorcycle accident.
    1:07:05 And I’ve not had any happiness since then.
    1:07:09 And meeting you, it was like meeting him coming back.
    1:07:12 And we’re both just like sobbing, like, oh my God, I love you.
    1:07:20 And so I came out of that Nepal experience, believing in magic and believing in that kind
    1:07:24 of love and being able to like generate it on my own, not having to have that person.
    1:07:29 Again, ratcheting up the sense of like self-value and like, I can produce these kinds of experience
    1:07:30 on my own.
    1:07:32 And I wanted to give that to the article.
    1:07:36 And so I just worked on it for weeks and weeks and weeks, which is like, it was a long
    1:07:36 time.
    1:07:37 It wasn’t that big of an article.
    1:07:38 It was refining.
    1:07:42 I remember hilariously, I was in New York for part of this.
    1:07:45 I was in New York City and a friend was like, hey, do you want some Adderall?
    1:07:46 I was like, I’m working on this thing.
    1:07:47 And they’re like, you want some Adderall?
    1:07:48 And I’m like, yeah, sure.
    1:07:49 Like, I’ll try some, give you some Adderall.
    1:07:52 So I remember it’s like, I’m in Harlem.
    1:07:53 I’m at my friend’s apartment in Harlem.
    1:07:56 Like, it’s like 11 o’clock at night.
    1:07:58 I had never taken Adderall before.
    1:07:59 I was like, okay, I’ll try it.
    1:07:59 I take it.
    1:08:01 You take it at 11.
    1:08:02 I take it at 11.
    1:08:07 And I’m just like, I’m like writing this like camera review, eating carrots and stuff.
    1:08:08 They had like a bag of carrots.
    1:08:11 I’m like eating carrots, like a rabbit, writing this camera review.
    1:08:14 I remember we were in Harlem and it was like a, it was almost like a basement apartment.
    1:08:17 I’m looking out, there’s like people’s feet walking out outside the window.
    1:08:18 And I’m like, ah, I got to write this review.
    1:08:19 I got to write this review.
    1:08:22 This is like Stephen King back in the cocaine sprint days.
    1:08:27 So I committed to this thing and it came out and it just got picked up everywhere.
    1:08:30 And it, you know, it turns out there’s a reason why there was all these camera review sites
    1:08:33 because I was smart enough to put affiliate links on it.
    1:08:37 And basically in a month it generated like, I don’t know, $20,000 in revenue.
    1:08:38 It was just insane.
    1:08:38 Holy shit.
    1:08:40 In affiliate fees.
    1:08:43 For me, back in 2009.
    1:08:44 Yeah, that’s wild.
    1:08:46 We were selling like millions of dollars with these cameras.
    1:08:50 And I had always lived because of the sense of scarcity.
    1:08:53 I had always lived pathologically below my means.
    1:08:57 My cost of living, one of the reasons I stayed in Tokyo throughout my twenties was my cost of
    1:08:58 living was so low.
    1:09:03 I could live in the center of this incredible city and I needed to make a thousand dollars
    1:09:06 a month that would cover my rent, all my food and like entertainment.
    1:09:11 Which is so unexpected for a lot of people listening, right?
    1:09:15 Because when we were growing up, it was like, oh, Tokyo is the most expensive city in the world,
    1:09:15 right?
    1:09:18 As a kid growing up on Long Island, like that was what you heard.
    1:09:19 For sure.
    1:09:24 And like, if you want to buy a hundred square meter apartment in Ginza, yeah, it was a lot
    1:09:24 of money.
    1:09:25 Sure.
    1:09:25 Right.
    1:09:28 That is the interesting thing about Tokyo is that there are options.
    1:09:33 You don’t have to live far in the outskirts and every neighborhood still to this day, there
    1:09:34 are affordable options.
    1:09:35 Yes, it’s small or whatever.
    1:09:37 Sometimes they don’t have baths.
    1:09:38 You have to use the public bath, things like that.
    1:09:41 But there are options, which is what is so powerful about this city.
    1:09:46 And again, we can talk about what I felt here that kept me here subconsciously about kind
    1:09:52 of just being supported by society and having those options to live in this place and to
    1:09:55 get the benefits of being in a big city and only needing to make a thousand dollars a month.
    1:09:58 So anyway, getting $20,000 was like, oh, great.
    1:10:01 There’s like two years of rent, two years of living.
    1:10:03 And I got that, you know, in a month doing this thing.
    1:10:07 And it taught me there’s a financial sustainability to this.
    1:10:11 If I commit to these things, I try to transmute these experiences, these kind of personally
    1:10:14 transcendent experiences into something that I give to other people.
    1:10:17 There’s a response to that.
    1:10:18 It resonates.
    1:10:19 So that was exciting.
    1:10:23 Again, these slow, like you could just hear this creaking, this ratcheting up of like this
    1:10:27 meter, this weird old meter of like self-worth, like, oh, I have value.
    1:10:30 I don’t have to operate on such a scarcity mindset.
    1:10:31 And I did that.
    1:10:37 And then that led, like a month after that, the iPad came out and I had been doing all
    1:10:38 of this book design.
    1:10:40 I’d been winning awards as a book designer.
    1:10:46 When I was 24, I was asked to be a judge in the art director’s club in New York City.
    1:10:48 I thought it was a joke email.
    1:10:50 It was one of the Winterhouse people.
    1:10:53 Again, talk about these like people picking you out.
    1:10:55 Remind me, Winterhouse, this is.
    1:11:01 Winterhouse was this just incredible early, late 90s or 2000s design studio.
    1:11:06 And one of the directors there was one of the people, board of directors for the Art Directors
    1:11:07 Club.
    1:11:09 And he had just been watching my work online.
    1:11:10 I was doing these kind of experiments.
    1:11:14 We were putting out these books and he’s like, oh, this kid is doing interesting stuff.
    1:11:15 He should come and be a judge.
    1:11:20 You know, I had these things that were happening that were sort of signals that were hard for
    1:11:21 me to believe in.
    1:11:22 I always, this is a fluke.
    1:11:23 This is a fluke.
    1:11:24 I’m not valuable.
    1:11:25 This happened accidentally.
    1:11:29 And then I’d go to the Art Directors Club and I’d meet all the people there and I’d be
    1:11:31 like, oh my God, I’m not supposed to be here.
    1:11:33 It’s just this incredible, infinite imposter syndrome.
    1:11:38 Anyway, but there’s a slow ratcheting up and the iPad comes out.
    1:11:40 And then I was like, okay, I’ve been doing these books.
    1:11:42 I’ve been doing a lot of digital work.
    1:11:46 I’m like, I can write about the future of books on the iPad.
    1:11:49 And I wrote, again, committed to this article.
    1:11:52 And I wrote this thing called Books in the Age of the iPad.
    1:11:56 I hit publish here in Japan at night.
    1:11:57 I went to bed and I woke up.
    1:11:59 The New York Times had written about it.
    1:12:02 I had like hundreds of emails in my inbox.
    1:12:03 It really changed my life.
    1:12:10 It was just suddenly I went from being this invisible person to being this voice about books
    1:12:12 and digital media and where things were going.
    1:12:17 I went to South by Southwest like a month later and it was just insane.
    1:12:19 Everyone I wanted to meet, wanted to meet.
    1:12:23 All of these heroes, these design heroes, these design figures.
    1:12:25 It’s good timing a week later, right?
    1:12:26 I mean, that’s incredible timing.
    1:12:29 It was like a month later, but it was just like the energy, yeah.
    1:12:33 But the half-life of that article was still alive and well, right?
    1:12:37 Question, how much time did you put into that particular piece?
    1:12:39 Did you pour over it?
    1:12:40 Yeah.
    1:12:44 Well, I remember writing and rewriting the intro like 50 times.
    1:12:52 The reason I’m asking is that it strikes me, and this is a hugely leading question slash
    1:13:00 commentary going into a question, but the fact that your camera review and your experience
    1:13:09 climbing Annapurna was rewarded after so much effort sort of along the lines of, I guess it
    1:13:12 was Oliver, who put so much work into a creative project.
    1:13:16 And you said earlier with Sharker, like you didn’t really know how to work yet.
    1:13:24 The fact that you were rewarded after putting so much into it is such a blessing in a sense,
    1:13:24 right?
    1:13:28 Because when I think of the work that you do, it’s like quality, quality, quality.
    1:13:33 There is like a Giro Dreams of Sushi aspect to it, but it could have cut a different way,
    1:13:33 right?
    1:13:40 I mean, like you could have done something that was done kind of fast and cheap and dirty and
    1:13:43 holy shit, your life would be very different potentially, you know?
    1:13:50 I mean, part of what I was doing, you know, I listened to the Brandon Sanderson interview,
    1:13:52 and I mean, that’s an incredible interview.
    1:13:56 Just talk about tenacity, like infinite, infinite tenacity.
    1:13:56 What?
    1:13:59 Like six, writing six, seven books before you go to the market to even try to sell them.
    1:14:00 Oh my God.
    1:14:00 It’s crazy.
    1:14:02 Didn’t even try, right?
    1:14:03 It’s crazy.
    1:14:05 Because he heard that your first five books are garbage.
    1:14:08 He’s like, okay, so I just won’t even try to sell them.
    1:14:09 It’s totally bananas.
    1:14:17 I mean, my tenacity was plowed into creating a lifestyle where I could always say no to
    1:14:19 things that I didn’t want to do.
    1:14:23 And I knew I could, there would always be another creative or fine art project that I could commit
    1:14:25 myself to and could do so uncompromisingly.
    1:14:27 When did you decide that?
    1:14:30 Was that after raising your prices and you’re like, oh, okay, wait a second.
    1:14:32 No, when I was like 13.
    1:14:33 Oh, you late?
    1:14:34 Oh, really?
    1:14:38 Well, because like I grew up in an environment where we didn’t have an abundance.
    1:14:42 It’s not like I was like, you know, we were going on these crazy vacations and like had
    1:14:46 a yacht and like, you know, it was like we had six houses and like 15 cars and I was driving
    1:14:46 around.
    1:14:50 It was like, there was, I wasn’t coming from this place of incredible abundance and then
    1:14:51 like having to sacrifice.
    1:14:54 All through my life, I had been sort of trained aesthetically.
    1:14:56 Right, right.
    1:15:01 You were like an accidental monk in training, like you said, pathologically living below your
    1:15:02 means.
    1:15:06 And then as soon as I kind of felt I had that one summer where I entered at the bigger
    1:15:07 company that paid me really well.
    1:15:09 And I was like, okay, this doesn’t work for me.
    1:15:13 This totally does not jive with my soul.
    1:15:17 And so when I got to Tokyo and I realized, oh, wow, rent is this cheap.
    1:15:18 Cost of living is this cheap.
    1:15:23 It just felt like it was like a wormhole in reality where I could live in the biggest, most
    1:15:24 incredible city in the world.
    1:15:30 And I could pay so little and I could focus uncompromisingly again, uncompromisingly on
    1:15:30 creative work.
    1:15:32 And it was like, I was doing programming experiments.
    1:15:37 I was working on those books that paid decently well, but not, I was literally making $15,000
    1:15:39 a year, 23, 24, 25.
    1:15:44 And I would kind of supplement that by like doing some CSS for ASICs or something.
    1:15:48 But the point was always to be able to do the book work, to be able to do the experiments
    1:15:51 on the web digitally to do that stuff.
    1:15:57 And so, you know, all of my twenties, I’d cultivated that asceticism and I knew that I’d
    1:16:00 done plenty of things that didn’t explode like those articles did.
    1:16:03 And so I was like, oh, I’ll just keep, you know, I was just going to keep doing it.
    1:16:04 I don’t know.
    1:16:07 I was just going to keep doing those things because there was so much inherent value to
    1:16:08 me doing them.
    1:16:12 I felt so, I felt so drawn to it and the process of learning to do them better, watching Oliver,
    1:16:16 then learning from other people, meeting folks like Rob Guillampietro, who’s an incredible
    1:16:20 designer and design thinker, Frank Camaro, who’s an incredible designer and design thinker,
    1:16:24 Liz Danzico, who I mentioned earlier, who’s an incredible designer and just amazing human,
    1:16:27 meeting these people and watching them work and getting close to them.
    1:16:32 And then just realizing how much value there was in feeling that and just being happy with
    1:16:33 the ride.
    1:16:37 The fact that these articles did well and took off, it was bonus.
    1:16:38 It was deserved.
    1:16:41 So we’re going to bounce around chronologically for a second.
    1:16:50 What are your main creative focuses now, or just in the last handful of years?
    1:16:52 Making books.
    1:16:52 That’s it.
    1:16:53 Writing books.
    1:16:53 Okay.
    1:16:54 Why?
    1:16:55 Why?
    1:16:56 Because a lot of people listening, right?
    1:16:57 They’ll say, wait, books?
    1:16:58 I thought books are kind of dead.
    1:17:00 Like you just talked about the iPad.
    1:17:02 What kind of books are we talking about?
    1:17:03 So why books?
    1:17:08 So look, books have always been the focus since I was eight, nine years old.
    1:17:11 It’s like, I’ve just always been drawn to them as objects.
    1:17:12 It’s always been there.
    1:17:19 Everything else has been a kind of side quest in support of the books, in support of building
    1:17:25 up self-worth, in support of building up a financial foundation, in support of becoming
    1:17:25 independent, all of that.
    1:17:30 And I mean, there’s a reason why I left college and I didn’t go back to Silicon Valley.
    1:17:31 I didn’t go to Silicon Valley.
    1:17:34 And I immediately helped start this independent publisher.
    1:17:39 I felt so drawn to the power of these objects and the immutability of them.
    1:17:44 And even in the face of like the rise of the internet, that still, to me, felt like there
    1:17:46 was so much value there and that value wasn’t going to disappear.
    1:17:47 Got it.
    1:17:51 And just for clarity, because you’re implying it, but these are physical books.
    1:17:55 These are physical, beautiful artifacts that people can interact with.
    1:17:59 And the whole thesis of that iPad piece too was like, look, don’t make throwaway books,
    1:18:03 make incredible physical books, make beautiful physical books that lean into all of the qualities
    1:18:05 that make physical things amazing.
    1:18:09 You know, the books that I’m producing, the books that I make, you know, it’s like cloth
    1:18:10 bound.
    1:18:15 How do you do cloth bound with silk screen, you know, with beautiful papers that open, you
    1:18:19 know, full bleed, just every page, every spread is a lay flat spread.
    1:18:23 You know, it’s like, how do you lean into this stuff, these qualities that can’t be replicated
    1:18:23 elsewhere.
    1:18:29 And, you know, I’ve just been lucky in the sense that they’re still valuable and people
    1:18:30 are still really into books.
    1:18:32 Like we didn’t, we didn’t entirely throw them away.
    1:18:38 And the digital stuff kind of ended up being a red herring and it never really went where
    1:18:42 we thought it would go in part because of monopolies, in part because of Amazon over controlling
    1:18:45 the market, in part because there just isn’t that much money to be made in digital books.
    1:18:48 And so the investment side of things really isn’t there.
    1:18:54 Like you almost need like a Rockefeller who’d just be obsessed with digital books and they
    1:18:56 would fund it, you know, to great personal loss.
    1:19:00 You know, it’s like they always say, how do you make a good fortune, start with a great
    1:19:01 fortune and found a publishing company?
    1:19:02 Yeah.
    1:19:03 Or a restaurant.
    1:19:04 Yeah.
    1:19:04 It’s the same.
    1:19:06 These are profitable things.
    1:19:08 So all the money in tech kind of goes to other places.
    1:19:11 So anyway, the digital book thing kind of puttered out.
    1:19:16 You must have liked, just as a quick side note, you must have, I imagine, enjoyed the
    1:19:23 Brandon Sanderson segment when he talked about the leather bound books and the beautiful collector’s
    1:19:26 edition because who in publishing would have spotted it?
    1:19:31 I should say, in fairness, the larger publishers, say, in New York, they wouldn’t have.
    1:19:32 They’re not incentivized.
    1:19:33 They haven’t done it.
    1:19:36 And then he creates these collector’s editions with tons of artwork.
    1:19:41 I have one on my shelf right back there, sells them for 200 bucks a pop.
    1:19:44 And lo and behold, boom, like immediately sold out.
    1:19:44 Right.
    1:19:45 Yep.
    1:19:48 Not only sold out, but sold a lot of them.
    1:19:49 Yeah.
    1:19:49 A lot.
    1:19:50 A lot.
    1:19:51 Tens of thousands.
    1:19:51 Yeah.
    1:19:52 Just bananas.
    1:19:54 No, I mean, that story is, is interesting.
    1:19:59 You know, and so all of my adult life, certainly books have been a huge part of it and I’ve been
    1:19:59 making them.
    1:20:04 I’ve been working with printers, obsessing about paper and inks and, you know, design margins and
    1:20:08 all this stuff, reading Robert Bringhurst’s elements of typographic style over and over
    1:20:08 and over and over.
    1:20:10 It’s so dog-eared, my copy of it.
    1:20:12 And so, you know, this is not like a new thing.
    1:20:13 It wasn’t like a couple of years ago.
    1:20:13 I was like, oh, books.
    1:20:14 Hmm.
    1:20:14 Yes.
    1:20:15 Let me do that.
    1:20:16 It’s just always been there.
    1:20:17 Always been there.
    1:20:29 It was really in about 2013, 2014 when I started doing the big walks and the big walks gave me
    1:20:32 purpose to being in Japan because I was kind of flailing.
    1:20:33 I was like, why am I here?
    1:20:34 What am I doing?
    1:20:41 And then the big walks were so, for me, transformative, exciting, fun that I thought, okay, I need to
    1:20:47 start giving these things form in much the same way doing Annapurna, coming back, writing that
    1:20:49 article, giving that shape digitally.
    1:20:52 But those containers, they’re still up on my website.
    1:20:56 You know, those articles are still up there from 15, you know, 16, 17 years ago.
    1:20:59 And, you know, the design, the container was always really important.
    1:21:04 And I was like, okay, these walks are becoming more and more profound for me personally.
    1:21:06 How can I give them shape?
    1:21:08 So let’s, we’re going to double click on the walks.
    1:21:11 I hate to interrupt, but I’m going to do it because I don’t want to gloss over something
    1:21:17 you said, which is, I guess around, if I’m remembering what you said 15 seconds ago,
    1:21:22 2013 or so, you were flailing a bit in Japan, wondering why you were there.
    1:21:29 Was that always somewhere in the back of your mind or your thinking, why am I here in Japan?
    1:21:32 And if not, how did that surface?
    1:21:35 Like, why did that become an element?
    1:21:39 As an adoptive person, I think my entire life is defined by that flailing.
    1:21:45 You just don’t feel like you belong anywhere.
    1:21:46 Got it.
    1:21:50 So it could have just as easily been in fill in the blank city in the U.S.
    1:21:52 It was just, ah, what am I doing here?
    1:21:57 It could have been anywhere, but obviously like Asia, living in a country where you are obviously
    1:22:05 the minority and where you can never become accepted as a true citizen, where you’re forever
    1:22:09 going to be an immigrant, you’re never, ever going to be integrated is a weird choice.
    1:22:13 And I mean, it comes from, again, it just comes from all this scarcity, trauma, self-worth,
    1:22:13 like all this stuff.
    1:22:19 Like for me, I think being adopted, the narrative I concocted in my head was that I was thrown
    1:22:19 away.
    1:22:22 I had very few facts about who my birth mother was.
    1:22:23 I knew she was 13.
    1:22:26 I just assumed it had been terrible circumstances.
    1:22:28 So I was born from a certain kind of violence.
    1:22:34 In the adoption paper that we had, it said the father, there had been a car accident and then
    1:22:37 he got in a fight at it and was murdered at the scene of the car accident.
    1:22:40 So I was like, okay, there’s just violence everywhere.
    1:22:42 So I’m kind of thrown away.
    1:22:49 So my Genesis story that I concocted was one of just pain and kind of like, you don’t belong
    1:22:49 here.
    1:22:55 And so I think part of what was great about Japan was that as soon as I landed, I felt a
    1:22:55 few things.
    1:22:58 One was society was taking care of people.
    1:23:03 I was walking past so many people every day in the street who were so much better taken
    1:23:05 care of than where I came from.
    1:23:05 I immediately felt that.
    1:23:07 And I was like, okay, this is interesting.
    1:23:11 And across like all socioeconomic kind of strata, it wasn’t like, oh, everyone here is super
    1:23:12 rich.
    1:23:15 It was like, no, I like get these people, but everyone is kind of being taken care of in a
    1:23:16 way that like I felt subconsciously.
    1:23:21 And because I will never be able to integrate fully, they can never throw me away.
    1:23:24 And I think as an adoptive person that.
    1:23:26 Yeah, there’s a safety in it.
    1:23:30 There’s a huge safety of being in a place that can never throw you away because you’re
    1:23:31 never going to be part of the thing.
    1:23:36 I mean, it’s a really sad way of framing it, but that is a hundred percent.
    1:23:38 I think what for me made me feel comfortable here.
    1:23:41 I think that will actually resonate with a lot of people because there are plenty of people
    1:23:48 who have their hearts broken or they feel like they’ve been hurt in some particular way.
    1:23:52 So they push falling in love away, right?
    1:23:55 It’s like, if you never fall in love, it’s hard to have your heart broken.
    1:23:57 So therefore, right.
    1:23:58 It’s all connected.
    1:23:58 It’s all connected.
    1:23:59 Yeah.
    1:23:59 It’s all the same thing.
    1:24:04 And so the entire time I’ve been here, the plan wasn’t like, oh, I’m going to stay here
    1:24:04 forever.
    1:24:06 It was always, oh, there’s an interesting opportunity.
    1:24:07 I’m doing this publishing thing.
    1:24:08 It’s kind of going well.
    1:24:09 I’m having fun.
    1:24:10 Cost of living is so low.
    1:24:12 I can be uncompromising about what I’m doing.
    1:24:14 I was very lucky.
    1:24:16 I was going to New York quite a bit because of the publishing stuff.
    1:24:18 And so I didn’t feel trapped here.
    1:24:23 I think a lot of expats or a lot of immigrants to Japan in particular developed this kind
    1:24:27 of anger or frustration connected with it, you know, because you can never be fully integrated.
    1:24:29 You can never be part of this place.
    1:24:35 And yet a lot of people are just here as English teachers or headhunters and their, I think,
    1:24:39 options for personal growth are severely limited, but then they get to a certain age where
    1:24:44 they can no longer go back home and they can no longer kind of reintegrate back from where
    1:24:46 they came from or they don’t have the skill set or they’re too old to go back.
    1:24:48 And they develop this kind of anger and this frustration.
    1:24:54 I was very lucky in that I was always engaging on kind of an international level with people.
    1:24:57 And I was able to go to like these publishing conferences because of the publishing company
    1:24:58 that I was part of.
    1:25:00 And I was able to kind of do, you know, art directors club stuff.
    1:25:03 And I was able to give little talks at universities about the books I was designing.
    1:25:08 I always felt like I had a tether to the greater world and I was able to use Japan as this incredible
    1:25:13 tool to uncompromisingly work on the work I wanted to do and to build up this asceticism,
    1:25:14 the sense of asceticism.
    1:25:18 But, you know, I went to Silicon Valley because at the end of my twenties, as I developed the sense
    1:25:21 of self-worth, I ran out of people that I wanted to collaborate with here.
    1:25:24 And I just wanted to work on a bigger scale with people that were thinking bigger.
    1:25:30 And Japan and Tokyo for all of its megalopolis-ness is a very provincial place.
    1:25:32 It does not think internationally.
    1:25:38 And if you want to kind of work on projects that are bigger and be around archetypes of people
    1:25:39 that are just thinking bigger, you kind of have to leave.
    1:25:43 So that was why I went to Silicon Valley and it was dovetailing with all those articles.
    1:25:47 And I developed this kind of a little bit of online celebrity and mystique.
    1:25:52 And that allowed me to join Flipboard as employee number like eight or nine, super early.
    1:25:56 And just learn, you know, Mike McHugh is this incredible guy.
    1:25:58 What was Flipboard for people who don’t know?
    1:25:59 Yeah, I know.
    1:26:00 It’s so long ago now.
    1:26:07 The iPad came out, Flipboard came out six months later, and it was the most beautifully designed
    1:26:09 social media magazine.
    1:26:12 It was a very big deal at the time.
    1:26:16 It was very, very buzz heavy, right?
    1:26:18 I mean, this is something people were talking about.
    1:26:23 It was the first app that needed a waiting list because the servers couldn’t handle people.
    1:26:25 It was the first waiting list app.
    1:26:28 It was like you’d give it your Twitter feed and it would create a magazine out of all the
    1:26:29 articles.
    1:26:30 And it was just pages flipped.
    1:26:31 Marcos Westkamp designed.
    1:26:32 It was just gorgeous.
    1:26:33 It was beautiful.
    1:26:38 It epitomized like there was the Berg group in London doing like future studies about what
    1:26:39 books could be.
    1:26:44 There was a push pop press people, Mike Mattis, doing experiments around digital design on the
    1:26:45 iPad.
    1:26:46 All these beautiful design experiments.
    1:26:51 And Flipboard was kind of part of that milieu of folks that were experimenting, right?
    1:26:52 And it was like, great.
    1:26:56 Yeah, this is like totally my wheelhouse of like digital publishing, book design, beautiful
    1:26:56 design.
    1:27:02 And I get to hang out with people who are the top, top, top of their class.
    1:27:06 Just incredible pulsing humans, like generous and brilliant.
    1:27:08 I mean, I moved out there.
    1:27:13 I moved out to a house two blocks from Steve Jobs, old Palo Alto.
    1:27:16 I had two roommates, these two guys, Stanford D school grads.
    1:27:17 We just graduated.
    1:27:18 They were 24.
    1:27:20 I was 30.
    1:27:22 I just turned 30 when I moved out there.
    1:27:23 D school is the design school.
    1:27:25 Design school at Stanford.
    1:27:29 These guys were such incredible people.
    1:27:35 I moved out there and I had gone from, I hadn’t realized what a dearth of hugs I had had in my
    1:27:36 life.
    1:27:38 Sorry, you mean in Japan?
    1:27:41 I had had no hugs.
    1:27:42 Hug withdrawal.
    1:27:42 Yeah.
    1:27:48 I got to this house in Palo Alto and it was just, these two guys, we had no furniture.
    1:27:51 Our refrigerator just had like hummus and kombucha in it.
    1:27:53 No one knew how to cook anything.
    1:27:56 And I was sleeping on a yoga mat for the first like two months.
    1:27:58 And then it’s a Tommy mat in this little background.
    1:27:59 Yoga mat.
    1:28:01 What a youthful back you have.
    1:28:02 So resilient.
    1:28:04 Just pure asceticism the whole way.
    1:28:09 And that house, living in that house with Enrique Allen and Ben Henretig, these two guys,
    1:28:10 and feeling their love.
    1:28:14 And these are two people who came from incredible families, full of love and brilliance.
    1:28:16 That was life-changing to me.
    1:28:19 I met up with Liz Danzig a couple months after I moved in there.
    1:28:22 We went to have pizza in New Haven at Sally’s, I think, a pizza.
    1:28:30 And Liz, after dinner, she took my shoulders and she just says, Craig, you are a different
    1:28:30 human.
    1:28:33 Because we had known each other since I was about 26.
    1:28:34 And I was 30.
    1:28:36 And I moved into this house.
    1:28:39 And it was like a sponge.
    1:28:44 I was so ready to accept this love of people and to work with these incredible people.
    1:28:47 And just, again, believe in that.
    1:28:48 Self-worth ratcheting up.
    1:28:54 But the entire time I was at Flipboard, every weekend, I was getting paid $30,000 a month.
    1:28:56 $25,000.
    1:28:56 Nice.
    1:28:57 Two years of Japan.
    1:29:03 No, I mean, again, the rent in Palo Alto was $1,000 a month for me, for my share of the house.
    1:29:04 I didn’t have a car.
    1:29:05 I just walked to the office.
    1:29:06 I was spending no money.
    1:29:08 I was like, this is great.
    1:29:10 I’m just going to bank all of this.
    1:29:12 This is like pure future freedom.
    1:29:13 That’s all I saw it as.
    1:29:18 I was like, and I told Mike McHugh, the CEO, I was like, Mike, look, I’m not out here to
    1:29:19 work at this company forever.
    1:29:24 I’m so hungry to do X, Y, and Z, all these things I want to work on, all these things I
    1:29:24 want to do.
    1:29:29 And being out there and being close to everyone, every weekend, I would book a hotel in San Francisco
    1:29:32 and I’d go up there and I’d lock myself in the hotel room from Friday night.
    1:29:34 I’d do a late checkout on Sunday.
    1:29:39 Every weekend, I would go up there and I would just write new essays about digital books and
    1:29:40 publishing.
    1:29:41 I couldn’t compromise.
    1:29:47 That part of me felt so, that writing part of me, the literary part of me, I could not
    1:29:47 compromise.
    1:29:52 That paycheck, one of the three most addictive substances, carbohydrates, heroin, and paychecks,
    1:29:53 right?
    1:29:54 That’s what they say, right?
    1:29:58 It’s like, and you feel it getting $30,000 a month.
    1:30:02 You feel that changing the programming, changing your chemistry.
    1:30:06 And I had spent all of my 20s building up this asceticism and building up this ability
    1:30:07 to be uncompromising.
    1:30:09 And I didn’t want that to be broken.
    1:30:12 And so I forced myself to just keep writing militantly.
    1:30:16 And by the end of, I spent 15 months at Flipboard.
    1:30:20 And towards the end of it, Liz was like, hey, you should apply for a writing fellowship.
    1:30:23 All the writing was connecting me to amazing people.
    1:30:26 I connected to Kevin Kelly because I was writing these essays.
    1:30:27 And I was giving a talk in New York City.
    1:30:30 Kevin Kelly is going to be a callback for later.
    1:30:31 He’s going to be a callback.
    1:30:35 And I was on stage giving a talk with the New York Times people about the New York Times
    1:30:35 app.
    1:30:36 And I was talking about digital publishing.
    1:30:39 And I got this email when I got off stage.
    1:30:41 And it was from this guy, Kevin Kelly, I’d never heard of.
    1:30:42 And I was like, who’s this guy, Kevin?
    1:30:45 Again, I just didn’t have, no one was teaching me about these things.
    1:30:46 I did not have a background.
    1:30:52 I didn’t, Silicon Valley, as much as like I admired it and wanted to be out there, I
    1:30:53 didn’t know the history of it.
    1:30:55 I showed it to someone.
    1:30:55 I was like, do you know this guy?
    1:30:57 And the person was like, you don’t know Kevin Kelly?
    1:30:59 He’s like, yeah, you should be with Kevin Kelly.
    1:31:00 And I met up with Kevin.
    1:31:03 And he was like, I like the way you think about publishing.
    1:31:04 Tell me about some tools.
    1:31:06 And I was like, who is this guy?
    1:31:08 It’s a good Kevin impersonation.
    1:31:13 Do you want to give just like two lines on Kevin, just for people who have not heard my
    1:31:14 multiple interviews with him?
    1:31:15 Yeah.
    1:31:18 I mean, he’s like the sage of the Valley, right?
    1:31:19 He’s just.
    1:31:22 Yeah, he’s got a big white Amish beard, built his own house.
    1:31:23 Amish beard, tiny guy.
    1:31:25 Tiny guy.
    1:31:26 Co-founder of Wired.
    1:31:27 Exactly.
    1:31:29 It goes on and on and on.
    1:31:35 He, along with Stuart Brand, are sort of like the Forrest Gumps of Silicon Valley, who’ve just
    1:31:36 been there for everything.
    1:31:37 Yeah.
    1:31:39 And so I’m following my nose.
    1:31:41 I’m like out here, I’m in the mix.
    1:31:42 I’m with these incredible people.
    1:31:45 I’m holding my own for the most part, but I keep writing.
    1:31:49 And the thing I notice is like the more I do the writing, the more it opens doors, the
    1:31:53 more it connects me to even more people who are the kinds of archetypes I want to be in
    1:31:53 my life.
    1:31:56 And like meeting Kevin was just a clear example of that.
    1:31:58 And I met Kevin probably eight months after I joined.
    1:32:04 And he’s like, come up to my house, let’s do a walk in Pacifica and just talk.
    1:32:05 And I was just like, oh my God, I went up there.
    1:32:06 I did that walk with him.
    1:32:09 And I was like, this is what writing does.
    1:32:15 Everything that’s happening in my life that is blowing my mind, that’s connecting to me
    1:32:18 to people who I wish I had known when I was a teenager, who I wish I had in my life when
    1:32:19 I was a kid.
    1:32:21 It’s all happening because of writing.
    1:32:24 And so I applied for this writing fellowship at McDowell.
    1:32:26 I was like, where should I apply, Liz?
    1:32:27 And she’s like, McDowell.
    1:32:28 And I was like, okay, great.
    1:32:29 I’ve never heard of McDowell.
    1:32:31 This is the oldest writing residency in America.
    1:32:35 One of the oldest in the world of like these kind of formal writing residency places.
    1:32:37 It’s the hardest to get into.
    1:32:38 I didn’t know any of this when I applied.
    1:32:40 I apply on a whim.
    1:32:44 I get in, which I’m still not sure how I got in.
    1:32:46 It was pure luck that I got in.
    1:32:50 And I use that as my baby, baby continue though.
    1:32:52 It feels like luck.
    1:32:56 And I use that as my way of being able to get out of the company.
    1:32:58 I didn’t know that was the way out.
    1:32:59 Okay, here we go.
    1:33:03 Because, you know, these things become like family and you feel terrible leaving them.
    1:33:04 And it upset a lot of people.
    1:33:05 I was one of the first people to leave.
    1:33:07 And I was like, Liz, it’s not you.
    1:33:08 It’s me.
    1:33:09 I need to do these other things.
    1:33:12 Wait, Liz was upset after recommending it to you?
    1:33:13 No, no, no.
    1:33:13 Liz wasn’t.
    1:33:14 Everyone at the company was.
    1:33:16 Liz wasn’t at the company.
    1:33:17 I was like, wait a second, Liz.
    1:33:18 That seems unfair.
    1:33:18 No, no, no, no.
    1:33:19 Okay, got it.
    1:33:20 Liz was in New York.
    1:33:23 Liz was founding the interaction design program at the School for Visual Arts.
    1:33:23 I see.
    1:33:26 Okay, I was trying to put it together because you said New Haven Pizza.
    1:33:30 I was like, is New Haven a neighborhood outside of where I think it is?
    1:33:30 Okay, got it.
    1:33:31 No, no.
    1:33:33 But the Flipboard people were super upset.
    1:33:37 And so that’s one of the difficult things is these aren’t easy conversations to have,
    1:33:37 to leave these things.
    1:33:41 I remember being like, okay, this is a great excuse.
    1:33:43 This is the most prestigious writing residency in America.
    1:33:48 And I need to go do this and I’m going to use it as a break, but it’s like a forever break.
    1:33:50 And I did that and I went out there.
    1:33:52 And again, connecting me to these archetypes, I’m out there.
    1:33:56 I get to this place and I’m just surrounded by Booker Award winners.
    1:33:58 Where is the writing residency?
    1:33:59 New Hampshire.
    1:34:00 New Hampshire.
    1:34:00 Okay.
    1:34:01 Up in New Hampshire.
    1:34:03 And you basically get a cabin.
    1:34:07 You’re out there from anywhere from a month to two months.
    1:34:10 They cook all of your meals.
    1:34:13 They deliver you lunch in a picnic basket to your cabin.
    1:34:18 A lot of the cabins have grand pianos and fireplaces.
    1:34:20 And it’s just this ideal.
    1:34:28 And you’re surrounded by the best composers and poets, artists, novelists, nonfiction writers.
    1:34:33 And I went out there and I met a few people, one of whom was this woman, Lynn Tillman.
    1:34:41 And from day one, it was just being so hungry and so ready and so accepting of being able to be around these people.
    1:34:43 I was just soaking it in.
    1:34:47 And one of the first books Lynn recommended to me was Dennis Johnson, Train Dreams.
    1:34:49 I’ve since gone on to read that book.
    1:34:50 It’s a novella.
    1:34:53 I’ve read that book probably 15, 20 times.
    1:34:54 I’ve mapped it out.
    1:34:57 There’s very few books I’ve actually sketched out.
    1:34:58 Why so impactful?
    1:34:59 Why so interesting?
    1:35:08 The language, the poetry of it, the story, the conciseness of it, the economy of the language.
    1:35:10 I mean, Dennis Johnson’s first and foremost a poet.
    1:35:11 He does novels as well.
    1:35:13 There’s a lot of people that fall into this category that I love.
    1:35:15 Like Dennis Johnson’s a big one.
    1:35:17 Ocean Vong is a more contemporary one.
    1:35:18 Ocean Vong.
    1:35:18 Oh, yeah.
    1:35:23 Mega poet who then catapulted into novel, autofiction land.
    1:35:27 Michael Andange, he’s first and foremost a poet.
    1:35:30 You read things like Coming Through Slaughter, and this is like a book of poetry.
    1:35:33 in a form of novel slash historical fiction.
    1:35:35 I mean, it’s just incredible.
    1:35:37 These are the things that spoke to me.
    1:35:43 I have to just selfishly hijack for a second here to recommend a book that I always hesitate
    1:35:48 to recommend because it fails for 9 out of 10 people, maybe 99 out of 100 people.
    1:35:56 And I failed reading it three times before I finally crossed the Rubicon, which is this scene
    1:35:57 in the book where there’s a talking fish.
    1:35:58 That’s all I’ll say.
    1:35:59 You got to get to the talking fish.
    1:36:02 But John Crowley, also a poet.
    1:36:05 Little Big is the name of the book.
    1:36:07 It checks the boxes that you’re talking about.
    1:36:10 So just a recommendation.
    1:36:11 Little Big by John Crowley.
    1:36:14 He takes a lot of time.
    1:36:18 There’s a lot of foreplay before you get the momentum needed, but I will recommend that one
    1:36:19 as well.
    1:36:21 So you’re there, train dreams.
    1:36:22 You’re getting your picnic baskets.
    1:36:29 I want to bookmark that to just ask the hotel rooms, booking the hotel rooms in San Francisco
    1:36:32 from, what was it, Friday to Sunday.
    1:36:34 Was that something you came up with on your own?
    1:36:36 Was that a recommendation from someone else?
    1:36:40 I’m very curious because I’ve done this before only a few times.
    1:36:44 I was inspired by Maya Angelou, who used to do this all the time for writing.
    1:36:49 Even though she had space at her house to write, she would go to a hotel and she would do this.
    1:36:52 How did that come about and why did you need to do that?
    1:36:57 I suppose maybe better than a yoga mat in a crowded apartment, but what’s the backstory?
    1:36:59 It’s a classic trope, right?
    1:37:03 I mean, the writer locked in the hotel room by the editor until he finishes the manuscript.
    1:37:04 It’s just the classic trope.
    1:37:08 And I was living in Palo Alto and I was like, I want to explore the city a little more.
    1:37:14 So I’d kind of write all day and then I’d go walk around at night, which maybe in San Francisco
    1:37:16 isn’t the smartest thing to do, but that was my strategy.
    1:37:18 It just, again, felt intuitive.
    1:37:21 Like, okay, it removes me from the scene.
    1:37:23 All my friends in California were in the bay.
    1:37:26 And so I could go to San Francisco.
    1:37:26 I didn’t know anyone.
    1:37:29 I could just be up there and there was a mystery to it.
    1:37:32 And I’d be in kind of like, I’d stay at like the Four Seasons, you know, and it would just
    1:37:35 kind of, there’d be this like, you know, cause I was making all this insane money.
    1:37:38 I was like, okay, I can spend three, $400 on a hotel room.
    1:37:38 Sure.
    1:37:39 Let’s go.
    1:37:40 This will be my treat.
    1:37:45 And I’d be in these kind of opulent, bizarre, kind of like very non-ascetic spaces, but the
    1:37:47 city would be out there and I’d just be working.
    1:37:52 And then I’d go walk in, you know, downtown kind of walking North beach at night.
    1:37:52 Jesus.
    1:37:53 Going into.
    1:37:53 I am legend.
    1:37:56 Going into weird.
    1:38:00 Little bars, you know, I still, I would still have like a whiskey every now and then.
    1:38:03 And it would just kind of like to be able to go out and be in the mix and be mysterious
    1:38:04 and kind of be on.
    1:38:05 Yeah.
    1:38:05 I don’t know.
    1:38:06 It all fed into being able to do the work.
    1:38:07 Wow.
    1:38:07 Dig it.
    1:38:08 Okay.
    1:38:10 So then flash forward.
    1:38:11 Yeah.
    1:38:15 One hell of a memento like montage that I’m painting here.
    1:38:20 Now fireplace, New Hampshire picnic baskets.
    1:38:22 What does that do for you?
    1:38:26 Like what does that fellow, and by the way, they’re going to hate me for this, but every
    1:38:29 time you say McDowell, I think of McDowell’s from coming to America.
    1:38:30 Sure.
    1:38:30 Sure.
    1:38:31 Oh yeah.
    1:38:32 The golden arches.
    1:38:33 We’ve got the golden them.
    1:38:36 But what does that do for you being a part of that?
    1:38:40 I mean, the biggest part was being around people who were doing quote unquote serious
    1:38:45 art and feeling like you had been selected to hang with them.
    1:38:48 And so the structure of it’s really great because basically you don’t talk to anyone
    1:38:52 from the moment you wake up until dinner and then dinner, you have to have, you’re forced
    1:38:55 to kind of eat with everyone, which is great because it’s like at the end of the day, you
    1:39:00 know, there’s kind of like a tether to reality out there outside of your book or your composition
    1:39:01 or whatever.
    1:39:04 We would have dinner and then we’d have very fierce ping pong competitions.
    1:39:08 But, you know, I, which would get sometimes almost like violent.
    1:39:12 Like there definitely were some friendships that were like broken up because of creative
    1:39:13 angst.
    1:39:19 It’s like nowhere to go, but ping pong, there’s very little like sexual activity as far as I
    1:39:22 could ascertain, but like there was a lot of ping pong, like sort of repression, like coming
    1:39:24 up with any of these things.
    1:39:30 It’s like being in a room with people doing great work, committing to great work and hearing
    1:39:33 them talk about it, hearing, talk about what they’d worked on that day, what they were struggling
    1:39:35 through again, it just set these archetypes.
    1:39:40 I mean, it just, that deficit I felt when I left and I got to school was just a deficit
    1:39:43 of archetypes, a deficit of templates of how to live and how to be in the world.
    1:39:50 And like each of these things, you know, from when I was age, basically 29, 30, 31, connecting
    1:39:54 with Kevin Kelly, being asked to give these talks, you know, going in the art director’s
    1:39:59 club is this weird little coda when I was 24, going to McDowell, hanging out with these
    1:40:03 people who are winning these incredible awards and working on great, really, truly great
    1:40:03 work.
    1:40:05 They were giving readings, you know, at night.
    1:40:08 And I was just like, oh my God, I can’t believe I’m here with these people, like reading
    1:40:09 this level of work.
    1:40:14 And it just feeds into that sense of, oh, maybe there’s value here and maybe I have something
    1:40:14 to bring to the table.
    1:40:16 That was the biggest takeaway.
    1:40:20 So I’ve got a couple of thoughts I’ll throw out for you, Craig.
    1:40:24 Number one is I suggest we just do two recordings.
    1:40:26 We’re not going to cram everything into this conversation.
    1:40:27 There’s no fucking way.
    1:40:27 Okay.
    1:40:29 And I don’t think we should try.
    1:40:32 I think we should just do two episodes so we can put them out very close together, maybe
    1:40:33 back to back.
    1:40:35 That’s my suggestion.
    1:40:38 Because we have so much to talk about and there’s no reason to rush it.
    1:40:39 There’s just zero reason.
    1:40:40 If you’re open to it.
    1:40:41 Sure.
    1:40:41 Yeah.
    1:40:42 That would be the first recommendation.
    1:40:50 And I think we get to, I mean, the huge walks are such a huge chapter and such an important
    1:40:50 chapter.
    1:40:53 And I think people will benefit from that so much.
    1:40:54 I think we get there.
    1:41:00 We will talk about the new book before we wrap, but we’re already at one hour, 45 minutes.
    1:41:03 So if you’re cool with it, I’d just say we do two.
    1:41:04 And maybe we record tomorrow.
    1:41:06 Maybe we record the day after and just…
    1:41:07 Perfect.
    1:41:08 Let’s do that.
    1:41:09 I think that’s what we do.
    1:41:09 Love it.
    1:41:10 Love it.
    1:41:12 And because people are going to want more.
    1:41:17 And trust me, folks, if you’re listening, you want the round two and you want to continue
    1:41:17 listening.
    1:41:22 But I want to ask you for the…
    1:41:24 I don’t know what label to apply here.
    1:41:27 For the creatives or aspiring creatives listening.
    1:41:35 And on some level, maybe I will put aside, and this is not to denigrate anyone who self-identifies
    1:41:41 this way, but content creators, because I think that can turn into like a shrimp farming exercise
    1:41:42 is where volume is the game.
    1:41:46 And I want to maybe just put that aside for a moment.
    1:41:53 But for people who are drawn to some art form, some medium, could be photography, could be
    1:41:55 writing, could be fill in the blank.
    1:41:57 You didn’t have an archetype.
    1:41:59 Let’s say you’re teaching a class.
    1:42:00 Now you’re the archetype.
    1:42:01 You’re up in front.
    1:42:02 You’re the sharka.
    1:42:06 Maybe you’re not as brutal, but you’re up there.
    1:42:15 What are the types of things that you would teach or focus on or assign as exercises or
    1:42:17 readings or anything else?
    1:42:20 What might be some of the ingredients in that class?
    1:42:25 All of the work that I’m most proud of and the work I’d say that is the first real work
    1:42:31 of mine that I feel like is truly me finding my groove, hitting my stride, has all happened
    1:42:33 in the last six years.
    1:42:36 And it’s all connected with walking.
    1:42:40 So if I was running a class, we’d be doing a lot of walks.
    1:42:48 Walking, I’d say all of this, meeting these archetypes, going to McDowell, working in Silicon
    1:42:53 Valley, getting all these hugs from Enrique and Ben, all of this was leading up to allow
    1:42:55 me to lean into the walking in the way that I did.
    1:43:02 And it was in the walk that I kind of found how to truly commit to the work.
    1:43:05 I know this sounds very woo-woo and weird.
    1:43:08 No, it’s not because I actually know more of the story.
    1:43:11 So yeah, people will get it when they get it.
    1:43:11 Yeah.
    1:43:11 Yeah.
    1:43:12 All right.
    1:43:13 Lots of walking.
    1:43:15 Lots of walking.
    1:43:19 I mean, honestly, a big part of, I think for most young people today is just getting offline,
    1:43:25 like just block the internet using like freedom, apps like freedom, turn your smartphone off.
    1:43:27 Don’t sleep with your smartphone in your bedroom.
    1:43:29 I mean, these are very easy things, but like most people don’t do them.
    1:43:31 I haven’t slept with a smartphone in my room.
    1:43:34 I haven’t slept with a phone in my room ever in my life.
    1:43:36 I’ve never had the phone in my room.
    1:43:38 Sometimes, you know, I lived in such small apartments.
    1:43:43 I just put it in like the kitchen, like on the stove, because that was the only other unit
    1:43:45 of my house that was not my bedroom.
    1:43:50 And it blows my mind that so many people have the smartphone in the room, just having it on
    1:43:50 the table.
    1:43:55 So like when I am in serious writing mode, when I need my deadline, I need to get stuff done.
    1:44:01 I have the phone in such a place that I will not look at it or touch it or engage with it
    1:44:02 until at least after lunch.
    1:44:04 That is the soonest I’ll touch it.
    1:44:09 And I feel palpably the chemicals in my mind shift as soon as I look at it, as soon as I
    1:44:12 touch it, as soon as I acknowledge it as an option.
    1:44:17 And I feel that those chemicals that get activated, the dopamine, whatever casino, those chemicals
    1:44:24 are 100%, 100% destructive of the creative impulse that allows people like Dennis Johnson to
    1:44:29 produce Train Dreams or to do that kind of deep poetic work, they’re at odds.
    1:44:32 And I think the thing you’re talking about like content creators, there’s a certain kind of
    1:44:34 ephemerality there.
    1:44:38 And like the work that I’m trying to do, and I think the work that speaks to me is not ephemeral.
    1:44:39 It’s immutable.
    1:44:41 It’s sort of out there.
    1:44:42 It’s the thing you keep coming back to.
    1:44:44 There’s nothing I like more than rereading books.
    1:44:49 I mean, it’s sort of like bad, I reread so many books, and I just keep coming back to
    1:44:50 them over and over and over again.
    1:44:55 And that to me is kind of the greatest gift of art, is to be able to rewatch things, to
    1:44:55 reread things.
    1:45:01 And when’s the last time you rewatched a YouTube short or something like that?
    1:45:02 You’re like, oh yeah, let’s go back, whatever.
    1:45:04 There’s like goofy things that you’ll rewatch.
    1:45:10 But this relationship over decades you can have with an object, with a story, I think is really
    1:45:10 powerful.
    1:45:12 And to me, that’s always been the thing.
    1:45:17 Besides Train Dreams, what books have you reread a lot?
    1:45:20 Annie Dillard’s Pilgrim at Tinker Creek.
    1:45:23 Pilgrim at Tinker Creek?
    1:45:25 Creek, yes.
    1:45:25 Okay.
    1:45:29 And it’s really frustrating because this is, I think, the first book she published.
    1:45:31 She was in her 20s when she wrote this.
    1:45:33 She went to live in this cabin.
    1:45:34 I think I see where this is going.
    1:45:39 She went to live in this cabin near Tinker Creek.
    1:45:47 And she just wrote the most beautiful, poetic, sort of diary, nonfiction, narrative, nonfiction
    1:45:49 description of what it was like being out there.
    1:45:54 You know, and it’s like, her book is, I don’t believe in mental blocks or like writer’s block
    1:45:55 or anything like that.
    1:45:58 If I wake up in the morning, make a nice cup of coffee.
    1:46:00 My phone is out of sight.
    1:46:01 I’m not thinking about any of that crap.
    1:46:02 I’m not looking at notifications.
    1:46:04 Make this nice cup of coffee.
    1:46:07 I’m smelling these beautiful Ethiopian beans.
    1:46:11 If I sit down, if I’m like, oh, I don’t really feel like writing or I don’t feel like the
    1:46:13 juices, I pick up Annie Dillard.
    1:46:15 I literally flip to any page.
    1:46:16 I read two paragraphs.
    1:46:20 I can’t stop myself from running over and starting writing.
    1:46:24 It activates something in my brain so strongly, so immediately.
    1:46:25 I love it.
    1:46:27 I mean, like, I’ve never met her.
    1:46:31 I would love to buy her a beautiful steak dinner, if that’s the sort of thing she’s,
    1:46:33 I don’t eat steak, but maybe she does.
    1:46:34 I feel like that’s the thing you’re supposed to buy people.
    1:46:36 I’d love to buy her an amazing dinner.
    1:46:42 I feel she is, her book, her writing, her voice, her way of looking at the world, her
    1:46:46 way of showing me what’s possible in terms of like creativity of prose, of looking at the
    1:46:49 most mundane thing and making it so beautiful and quirky and weird.
    1:46:54 The opening scene of a cat with blood on its paws, walking over the blanket and her waking
    1:46:57 up to find that, you know, it’s like little sort of flower petals.
    1:47:00 It’s like just all of it, finding that beauty.
    1:47:04 That is so infused how I try to engage with the world when I’m out on my big walks.
    1:47:05 I love it.
    1:47:11 And my, my thing now is I try to find first editions of these books and then I go through
    1:47:13 and I try to mark them up again.
    1:47:17 I love, there’s nothing I love greater than marking up a first edition because I think
    1:47:19 that’s the greatest honor you can give to a book.
    1:47:21 Like this idea of being precious with it.
    1:47:22 Like, what am I going to do?
    1:47:26 Like hold on to this stupid thing for 30 years and sell it and like give my stepdaughter like
    1:47:28 200 bucks that I got for this first edition.
    1:47:33 So she can buy like a bowl of ramen or something, which is like 200 bucks in 30 years.
    1:47:34 It’s like, no, like what?
    1:47:37 Like mark up the books, my books.
    1:47:41 Like if you buy my books, please write in them, dog ear them, like use them.
    1:47:45 That’s, that is the greatest part of like them as objects is like kind of putting your imprint
    1:47:49 on it and then coming back to it year after year, decade after decade, coming back to these
    1:47:50 things.
    1:47:52 So anyway, Annie Dillard, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek.
    1:47:53 So moving.
    1:47:56 Lynn Tillman, one of the people I met at McDowell, any of her stuff.
    1:48:01 She has a great book that just came out called Thrilled to Death, which if you’re going to start
    1:48:03 anywhere with Lynn, she’s so funny.
    1:48:06 She is so no bullshit.
    1:48:08 I love her so much.
    1:48:10 Like just as a human, I love her voice.
    1:48:12 You can look up how old she is on Wikipedia.
    1:48:13 She’s in her seventies.
    1:48:17 She’s been in the same East village apartment for like 40 years.
    1:48:21 She is this like institution of the New York literary community.
    1:48:24 And you just feel her pulsing with that New York voice.
    1:48:26 And it’s so funny and incredible.
    1:48:29 And this Thrilled to Death is a collection of her short stories over her entire career.
    1:48:30 And it’s amazing.
    1:48:31 It’s amazing.
    1:48:32 Stuff like that.
    1:48:36 Other contemporary writers, Sam Anderson, who writes for the New York Times Magazine.
    1:48:39 Sam Anderson is amazing.
    1:48:42 He also, his favorite book is Pilgrim at Tinker Creek.
    1:48:45 He has the most generous, hilarious voice.
    1:48:50 He just wrote this incredible narrative nonfiction piece for the magazine about the legend of Leatherman,
    1:48:52 who is this guy who roamed.
    1:48:59 He walked this circle in Connecticut in the 1800s and he wore a suit of leather and he became folklore
    1:49:05 of like all these towns and like people would like give him like bread and like give him coffee.
    1:49:11 And like, he got so sick, he couldn’t chew things and he would like dip everything in coffee and he’d eat cakes by dipping him in coffee.
    1:49:14 I’ve known Sam for like six or seven years.
    1:49:16 Again, we connected because of writing.
    1:49:23 Again, like literally everyone in my life that I love, that I want to hug, that I’ll die for, that I want to protect with all of my life force.
    1:49:26 It’s all connected to writing, all of it, every single thing.
    1:49:27 It’s like shocking.
    1:49:28 So it’s easy.
    1:49:30 You know, you asked early, why books?
    1:49:32 You know, like an hour ago, you asked me, why am I doing books?
    1:49:42 And it’s like, it is just undeniable that a fullness of life that I find is found through the writing and who that connects me with and the adventures it brings me on.
    1:49:55 Well, let’s talk about your own writing and specifically, let’s talk briefly about things become other things and then we’ll not try to cram too much into this.
    1:49:56 I mean, we’ve covered a hell of a lot of ground.
    1:49:57 We’re already at two hours.
    1:49:59 So let’s talk.
    1:50:00 You don’t have to be sorry.
    1:50:03 I mean, this is what I want when you’re like, well, I’ll truncate this.
    1:50:04 I’m like, don’t truncate it.
    1:50:06 This is not TikTok.
    1:50:07 This is long form.
    1:50:16 So I want to encourage my listeners to engage with long form, because if you’re playing the short game, even as a consumer, you are training yourself.
    1:50:22 You are being trained, maybe is a better way to put it, to become something that I’m not sure you want to become.
    1:50:24 So things become other things.
    1:50:29 Tell me and tell us about things become other things.
    1:50:33 It’s my forthcoming book coming out with Random House.
    1:50:36 So this is a huge leap for me.
    1:50:38 I’ve always been fiercely independent.
    1:50:49 I produce my own books that are kind of fine art editions that sell for a hundred bucks a copy that are printed and bound in Japan, like I showed earlier, silkscreen, foil stamps, stuff like that.
    1:50:52 But I was working on this story for this book.
    1:50:59 And this book is about a walk I did during COVID on the key peninsula of Japan, which I’ve been to many, many, many, many times.
    1:51:01 And this is the peninsula south of Kyoto.
    1:51:07 So if you look at Honshu, I describe it in the book as the dangling penis of Japan, this peninsula.
    1:51:14 So Honshu, for people who don’t know, do you want to just lay out the main islands of Japan so people know where we are?
    1:51:16 So you have Hokkaido up at the top.
    1:51:20 Then you have Honshu, which is the big banana with the little dangly penis, which is the peninsula.
    1:51:25 You’ve got next to the penis, you’ve got Shikoku, which is where the 88 temples pilgrimage is.
    1:51:30 And then next to that, you’ve got Kyushu, which is kind of the bottom part of Japan.
    1:51:33 And then far away, you’ve got Okinawa.
    1:51:36 But the key peninsula is south of Kyoto, south of Osaka.
    1:51:41 It’s Miei and Wakayama in Nara, southern part of Nara prefectures.
    1:51:45 And I’ve been going there for about 12 years, 13 years.
    1:51:48 And I’d say that most of my walks have taken place there.
    1:51:50 I’ve walked thousands of kilometers of the peninsula.
    1:51:54 And probably my most profound walk happened during COVID, the height of COVID.
    1:51:58 It was 2021, Japan was still locked down.
    1:52:00 We still didn’t know where this was going.
    1:52:04 Vaccines, I think, had not even arrived here yet.
    1:52:07 May of 2021, we didn’t have vaccines in Japan yet.
    1:52:09 They came in July, July, August.
    1:52:11 I was like, well, I’m going to go on a big walk.
    1:52:12 It’s like, I’m being careful.
    1:52:13 I’m tested.
    1:52:15 I’m not going to spread anything.
    1:52:18 I went on this walk and I did, it was about 600 kilometers.
    1:52:20 It took about a month.
    1:52:22 And I was writing.
    1:52:25 And we can talk about my walking and writing practice.
    1:52:28 I have this whole ascetic practice connected with how I walk and how I write.
    1:52:34 But this walk in particular, I was writing every day, two, three, 4,000 words, photographing
    1:52:35 every day.
    1:52:36 And I was thinking about life.
    1:52:44 And one of the things I started to reflect on, partially because in this COVID moment, where
    1:52:47 I think for a lot of folks, it was this moment of reflection.
    1:52:48 Everything slowed down.
    1:52:49 Everything stopped.
    1:52:53 And it was the first time as an adult, I went back to my childhood.
    1:52:56 I thought back to this childhood friendship I had.
    1:53:00 As I was walking the peninsula, I’d see little kids every now and there aren’t that many kids
    1:53:02 left in Japan, certainly not on the peninsula.
    1:53:06 And I’d see little kids every now and then coming back from school at the end of the day.
    1:53:12 And it started me thinking about this friendship I had with this kid, Brian, when I was in elementary
    1:53:12 school.
    1:53:13 He was my best friend.
    1:53:15 He was the closest thing to a brother I had.
    1:53:19 And we grew up side by side in elementary school.
    1:53:23 And I happened to test a little bit better than he did.
    1:53:26 And it kind of put me on this different track.
    1:53:28 We still had a gifted program back then.
    1:53:28 I was lucky.
    1:53:31 I was able to go into the gifted program because I tested a little better.
    1:53:34 That exposed me to computers.
    1:53:38 They had one Commodore 64 or something, and I used Logo Writer, and that got me thinking
    1:53:38 about Brian.
    1:53:44 It’s like, you see how these things kind of compound, these small chances, these small
    1:53:45 lucks, these small opportunities.
    1:53:47 And I got them, and Brian didn’t get them.
    1:53:50 And by the end of high school, we were so separated.
    1:53:55 My high school was called out during the first Trump administration by Betsy DeVos.
    1:53:57 I think that was the secretary of education.
    1:54:01 She called out my high school as one of the worst high schools in America, like on a national
    1:54:02 speech.
    1:54:09 And my friend Brian was going to the high school that bad kids went to that couldn’t
    1:54:10 hang in my high school.
    1:54:11 So it’s like, you can imagine where Brian was.
    1:54:13 And we graduated high school.
    1:54:16 And just a few weeks after he graduated, he was murdered.
    1:54:27 And that murder, that loss, we basically stopped talking after middle school just because of,
    1:54:31 you know, you get separated and then your friend groups change.
    1:54:31 Yeah, you drift.
    1:54:33 You don’t know how to bridge that gap.
    1:54:36 You don’t have the emotional intelligence as a kid to think about that gap.
    1:54:40 And I always thought at some point we would be able to reconnect.
    1:54:51 And half of my childhood lived in half of my childhood was losing this brother and being adopted again.
    1:54:53 Like, what does blood mean?
    1:54:55 You know, how does family get created?
    1:54:57 And he was absolutely as much of a brother as anyone.
    1:55:05 And I tried to engage with our friendship, our brotherhood in short stories.
    1:55:11 Actually, the first short story I ever had published was published when I was 18 at university in this national writing competition.
    1:55:15 And it was a short story about me and Brian and some of our antics.
    1:55:18 And so there was an impulse in me to write about him, but I didn’t know how to.
    1:55:20 And I tried a couple more times in my early 20s.
    1:55:21 It never worked.
    1:55:24 And then on this walk, I started thinking back about him.
    1:55:28 And it just, it was the right time.
    1:55:31 And so I basically ended up doing this walk.
    1:55:32 I wrote about this walk.
    1:55:37 And Brian snuck into the narrative in a way that I did not expect.
    1:55:43 So this book is about, it is this walk, but it’s also about our friendship, our childhood.
    1:55:46 It’s about being failed by the systems.
    1:55:48 Like, why were we cleaved apart?
    1:55:50 Why, you know, we’re side by side in first grade.
    1:55:58 How should two kids side by side end up in a position where I feel like I have to run away halfway around the world and he gets murdered?
    1:56:02 And it’s like him getting murdered wasn’t, the crazy thing is that wasn’t a big shock.
    1:56:05 When you saw kind of what was, you know, there were gangs.
    1:56:12 We had a, the head of security, we had like security guards in my high school, you know, like people, you know, there was like, whatever.
    1:56:13 We didn’t have metal detectors.
    1:56:18 We weren’t quite at like Baltimore, the wire level of like intensity, but it was like serious.
    1:56:20 You couldn’t wear certain colors because they were gang related.
    1:56:27 You know, in the head of security, it turns out, uh, the FBI busted in one day and like tackled him, arrested him.
    1:56:29 It turns out that he was a bank robber.
    1:56:33 It’s like, it was just insane.
    1:56:33 Right.
    1:56:41 So, so like the book just meditates on the fact that like me and Wakayama are both working class in industry.
    1:56:54 That have lost the industry have lost the workers have lost the jobs and yet there is a foundational social support network in place where the people aren’t falling as far as I saw people fall.
    1:56:59 And certainly people aren’t getting murdered and certainly people aren’t, you know, joining gangs or whatever.
    1:57:02 And certainly people aren’t dealing with opioid crises and things like that.
    1:57:07 And so it’s a joyous memory of this friendship I had with Brian.
    1:57:11 And it’s also like this elevation of all these wonderful characters I meet on the peninsula.
    1:57:12 I love everyone I meet.
    1:57:13 I’m talking to fishermen.
    1:57:14 I’m talking to old farmers.
    1:57:22 I’m talking to women, you know, who are running old cafes, Kisaten, you know, in the, in the countryside who are super surly and chain smoking.
    1:57:27 And I’m like, you know, the first person who’s come in in days, you know, and they’re just like, sure, come on in.
    1:57:30 I ain’t got no toast, but I got a lot of cigarettes and coffee for you, kid.
    1:57:32 You know, that sort of thing.
    1:57:34 And I just love all these people.
    1:57:37 And it’s a book about elevating who they are, elevating this peninsula.
    1:57:45 And the paths I’m walking are these thousand-year-old, 2,000-year-old pilgrimage routes and the history.
    1:57:48 You know, I’m walking past stone markers that are 2,000 years old.
    1:57:49 I’m walking past pilgrim graves.
    1:57:56 I’m going to these, you know, the holiest shrines, these foundational myth shrines of Japan, Issei Jingu.
    1:57:58 I’m walking, you know, down past Kumano.
    1:58:04 I’m walking past the most holy rock, the foundational rock where the sun goddess was born from.
    1:58:08 You know, it’s like, so this history of the country comes from this peninsula.
    1:58:11 It’s so atavistic in so many ways.
    1:58:15 And so it’s a book about celebrating that, celebrating the people who live there, celebrating the industry,
    1:58:22 and celebrating this beautiful friendship I had with this kid, Brian, because no one is going to be able to remember him like I can.
    1:58:25 And I feel like I had a duty to remember this guy.
    1:58:27 When does the book come out?
    1:58:30 It comes out May 6th.
    1:58:36 The reason why it’s coming out with Random House is I just felt like this story deserved a bigger platform than I could give on my own.
    1:58:43 And so I kind of went around and I was able to connect with an amazing editor who really got the book.
    1:58:47 She, you know, helped me elevate it to a place that I couldn’t have gotten into on my own.
    1:58:51 And I hope through Random House, they’re going to make a lot more books than I could make.
    1:58:53 It’s going to cost a lot less than my books cost.
    1:59:00 My goal is to really expand the ideas of, you know, my walking, my walking practice.
    1:59:04 I write about my walking practice in this, but also just exposing this part of Japan.
    1:59:14 Like you are not going to be able to go and engage with this part of Japan on your own unless you’ve lived here for a long time and could speak the language and can understand the dialects and get the history.
    1:59:20 You’re not going to be able to show up and go to this place and kind of dig in it in the way that I’ve been able to in this book for you.
    1:59:25 And so, you know, like whatever, William Gibson blurbed it for me.
    1:59:29 And that was like the hand of God coming down and saying, yes, I approve of your work.
    1:59:34 And, you know, it’s about this illuminating this part of Japan that you’re not going to have access to.
    1:59:35 I’m proud of the book.
    1:59:37 I’m proud of where we got it.
    1:59:39 And I’m excited, so excited for people to read it.
    1:59:41 And I want to engage with people about it.
    1:59:43 Amazing.
    1:59:43 All right.
    1:59:47 So for people who don’t know William Gibson, who is William Gibson briefly?
    1:59:56 I mean, he has a quote that people see in Silicon Valley quite a lot, which is pulled from Neuromancer, I believe, which is the future is already here.
    1:59:57 It’s just unevenly distributed.
    2:00:02 Something along those lines might be from that book, but legendary writer.
    2:00:08 Basically, whatever, the progenitor of cyberpunk to a certain degree.
    2:00:15 But also, he’s a guy who has seen, I think, the coolness of Japan before most of the world saw the coolness of Japan.
    2:00:18 And he’s written great books that involve Japan, like Pattern Recognition.
    2:00:19 It’s an incredible book.
    2:00:21 I read it like once every couple of years.
    2:00:22 It’s beautiful.
    2:00:23 There’s a lot of poetry in it.
    2:00:24 It’s a cool story.
    2:00:30 And it captures this like quirky early 2000s Japan, which is really cool.
    2:00:32 So anyway, so William Gibson, he’s a big deal.
    2:00:34 Yeah, he’s a big deal.
    2:00:35 It was pretty cool.
    2:00:35 That’s so fun.
    2:00:36 Yeah.
    2:00:40 And for people who are listening, I checked on this.
    2:00:42 So Things Become Other Things.
    2:00:43 Beautiful cover.
    2:00:46 I’m sure the writing is beautiful.
    2:00:49 I encourage people to read everything they can of yours.
    2:00:52 And it is available for pre-order.
    2:00:54 So go pre-order the book.
    2:00:56 You will not regret having this book.
    2:00:58 I can say that with very, very high degree of confidence.
    2:01:01 And I very rarely, maybe ever say something like that.
    2:01:09 But having a number of your books behind me, maybe about a bookshelf behind the wall that
    2:01:14 is behind me and having spent time with you, having watched you write, you glossed over
    2:01:18 something that we’ll talk about in part two, but two to three to 4,000 words a day.
    2:01:20 What the fucking hell?
    2:01:24 After walking 30 kilometers.
    2:01:26 Yeah, that is a lot of words.
    2:01:28 You and Brandon Sanderson.
    2:01:29 What am I going to do with you guys?
    2:01:30 So we’ll talk about that.
    2:01:38 Where else can people find you if they want to dip their toe into Modland and get a taste?
    2:01:40 Craigmod.com.
    2:01:41 Craigmod.com.
    2:01:44 You know, in service for 23 years.
    2:01:44 No, I think that don’t matter.
    2:01:46 In service.
    2:01:49 The big thing I do that’s enabled a lot.
    2:01:52 And again, like to maintain this fierce independence.
    2:01:57 And we can talk about the Random House deal in part two as well, because there’s some interesting
    2:02:00 things about it that actually dovetails with what Brandon was talking about as well.
    2:02:05 I have a membership program called Special Projects that have been running now for six years
    2:02:06 since 2019.
    2:02:10 And that combined with the walking.
    2:02:14 And actually, that gave me the permission to start committing to these big walks.
    2:02:17 So it’s like everything builds on everything else.
    2:02:19 Slowly, slowly, slowly, slowly, slowly.
    2:02:22 And then you realize you’ve kind of created this pretty big ladder of stuff.
    2:02:29 And so the membership program, if you join that, not to like shill, but the membership program
    2:02:35 gives you access to all of the archives of all the writing I’ve done on my walks.
    2:02:42 And 120 hours of videos where I run board meetings every six months, and I talk about what I’ve
    2:02:46 done, the projects I’ve worked on, how they’ve gone, what we’re going to do in the next six
    2:02:46 months.
    2:02:48 And then I filled Q&As from the members.
    2:02:50 And they’re incredible Q&A.
    2:02:51 I’m so lucky.
    2:02:52 My members are smart.
    2:02:54 They ask great questions.
    2:02:55 They’re creative.
    2:02:56 They’re wonderful people.
    2:02:58 And so you get kind of access to this huge archive.
    2:03:04 And the whole reason I make everything I do in the membership program is me speaking to
    2:03:09 myself when I was 20 and desperate and hungry and drinking myself into the pavement and wishing
    2:03:13 I had an archetype, wishing I had some kind of flashlight to show me how to do the work
    2:03:14 I want to do.
    2:03:16 This is me wishing I could give this to myself back then.
    2:03:18 And so it’s free for students.
    2:03:20 If you’re a student, you just email me and say, I’m a student.
    2:03:21 You get it for free.
    2:03:25 I’m very loose about what constitutes a student.
    2:03:27 If you think you’re a student, you’re probably a student.
    2:03:29 Just email me and say, hey, I’m a student.
    2:03:30 I believe you.
    2:03:33 I’ve had people send me photos of their student IDs.
    2:03:34 Don’t send me a photo of your student ID.
    2:03:35 It’s free.
    2:03:37 I’m happy to give you those memberships to give access to that stuff.
    2:03:42 But what the membership allows me to do by keeping some of the stuff behind a curtain
    2:03:46 is I can be a little more vulnerable than when I’m out in front of my big newsletters where
    2:03:48 I send out to 50,000 people or 60,000 people or whatever.
    2:03:53 When it’s a smaller group, I’m able to be more vulnerable, more honest, and the Q&As
    2:03:54 and stuff like that feel a little more intimate.
    2:03:59 I create a little bit of artificial scarcity, artificial friction to enable us to have a deeper
    2:04:00 conversation, I hope.
    2:04:03 And people can find that at craigmod.com as well?
    2:04:05 craigmod.com slash membership.
    2:04:07 That’s where people can find it all.
    2:04:12 So we were going to discuss so many things, and we are going to discuss those things in round
    2:04:12 two.
    2:04:21 One of them is the membership community because you have very clear rules that also make it
    2:04:28 vibrant and prevent it from becoming a monster you need to feed that consumes rather than enables
    2:04:30 your creative life.
    2:04:32 You’ve figured it out over time.
    2:04:34 And we are going to talk about that.
    2:04:36 There are so many things we’re going to talk about.
    2:04:40 It was just foolish of me to think that we would be able to cover all of it in two hours.
    2:04:41 Fucking ridiculous.
    2:04:42 There’s no way.
    2:04:45 So anyway, go ahead.
    2:04:47 You were like, hey, let’s start with eight years old.
    2:04:51 I knew there was, I don’t want to say a risk.
    2:04:58 I knew there was a possibility, distinct possibility that that would take us afield, but we never
    2:05:03 would have gotten to being possessed by demons if spirits.
    2:05:12 I’ll be, I don’t want to smack talk whatever happened to end up in you when you were cradling
    2:05:15 some invisible object asleep overseas.
    2:05:17 But this is the fun of long form for me.
    2:05:18 Yeah.
    2:05:18 Right?
    2:05:22 Because I don’t want to know exactly where it’s going.
    2:05:25 So much of my life is regimented.
    2:05:26 So much of it is planned.
    2:05:33 There are so many times when I execute to spec and part of what I’m trying to inject
    2:05:37 more in my life, whether it’s playing with fiction and just starting with a few characters
    2:05:42 in a scenario and letting it rip or having conversations like this, especially with someone
    2:05:47 I’ve spent time with, is ending up in unexpected corners.
    2:05:49 There’s so much to that.
    2:05:54 And it’s similar in a sense, I mean, this is perhaps not the best comparison, but when
    2:06:00 you say all of the best things or so many of the beautiful relationships have all come
    2:06:05 from your writing, part of that is not over planning, right?
    2:06:12 You focus on the work, you create beauty and quality, and then you release it into the wild
    2:06:13 and you see what happens.
    2:06:14 It becomes theological.
    2:06:15 It really is.
    2:06:16 Yeah.
    2:06:16 Yeah.
    2:06:18 It’s totally faith-based.
    2:06:25 I mean, I mean, what creative practice is and what great creative practice isn’t.
    2:06:31 I mean, my favorite moment of a documentary about photographers is the Sally Mann documentary.
    2:06:32 How do you spell that?
    2:06:33 Sally Mann.
    2:06:35 S-A-L-L-Y, Sally.
    2:06:36 Huh?
    2:06:41 And then a woman, M-A-N-N, I think, is her last name.
    2:06:41 Got it.
    2:06:45 And she, yes, if I say it fast, it sounds Salomon.
    2:06:48 Sally, no, Sally Mann.
    2:06:53 You know, she has all these gorgeous ethereal black and white photos of her family that
    2:06:55 she took and she gained so much notoriety.
    2:06:59 And anyway, there’s this documentary about her and in the middle of it, she’s working on
    2:07:02 a new set of works and she’s getting rejected by galleries.
    2:07:09 She has this total breakdown and you just go, oh my God, someone like Sally Mann at the peak
    2:07:12 of her career can still have a breakdown.
    2:07:14 Like it really is so theological.
    2:07:17 This belief, you just have to believe and keep pushing and keep pushing.
    2:07:21 And she, you know, she pushes through it and she creates some great work and whatever has
    2:07:22 a great show and blah, blah, blah.
    2:07:24 You have to cultivate that belief.
    2:07:28 Having your cost of living be a thousand bucks a month for everything all in is an easy way
    2:07:30 to help cultivate that belief.
    2:07:33 It’s like you could be, you could be uncompromising about it.
    2:07:34 Mm-hmm.
    2:07:40 All right, Craig, we are going to very quickly record and release a round two.
    2:07:44 Everybody who’s listening to this should tune in for that for sure.
    2:07:45 My God.
    2:07:49 I mean, honestly, in part because I’ll just give people a quick teaser.
    2:07:54 With the exploratory bullets, and I ask all guests to send ideas for exploratory bullets,
    2:07:59 we literally didn’t get to effectively any of them, right?
    2:08:05 I mean, the huge walks, walking as a tool for focus, reclaiming attention, your rules for
    2:08:11 walking, the art of slowness, your wild, strange celebrity in Japan around mid-sized cities
    2:08:20 didn’t get to that, the Kevin Kelly saga continues, we did not get to that, the very wild, incredible
    2:08:27 stories related to adoption, sort of adult chapters, all of that and more.
    2:08:31 We’re going to cover tons and tons, and I promise everybody I won’t start at eight years
    2:08:35 old, so we’ll stick to the script a little bit more.
    2:08:41 Craig, at least for this conversation, anything else you would like to say?
    2:08:47 Any comments or anywhere you’d like to point the people listening?
    2:08:52 It’s difficult because it’s like the people who probably need to hear these things won’t
    2:08:55 be listening to this podcast or maybe don’t even know this podcast exists.
    2:08:59 So that’s often sometimes the difficulty in getting information to folks.
    2:09:06 But I think the residencies, artist residencies, are one of the coolest things that we have.
    2:09:12 And most people overlook them or think that the bar to entry is so insurmountable that like,
    2:09:13 why should I even try?
    2:09:17 Go out and there are huge lists.
    2:09:21 And once you start to crack the code, once you start applying, and you should aim to get
    2:09:22 rejected by a billion of them.
    2:09:25 But once you get into one or two of them, you start to understand the code a little more.
    2:09:29 And my God, they’re so much fun and so interesting.
    2:09:34 And they are such a way to level up your practice, whatever your practice might be,
    2:09:38 to be surrounded by people who are also committing themselves to it, working hard,
    2:09:40 and providing unexpected archetypes.
    2:09:45 I’ve had so many great friendships come out of, I’ve done McDowell, VCCA,
    2:09:49 Tin House, Ragdale, as a few of them.
    2:09:52 And all of them, I’ve come out with just amazing friendships.
    2:09:54 And I’ve got a lot of great work done, too.
    2:09:55 So please go investigate.
    2:10:03 And if you’re a rich mother effer listening to this thing, donate to support these things.
    2:10:07 I mean, these are incredible, incredible institutions that don’t require a lot of money
    2:10:08 to have a huge impact.
    2:10:12 And so being able to provide more scholarships and things like that, it’s pretty powerful.
    2:10:13 Pretty powerful stuff.
    2:10:14 Love it.
    2:10:15 All right, everybody.
    2:10:16 The end.
    2:10:19 CraigMod, CraigMod.com.
    2:10:20 You can find all things there.
    2:10:23 And so nice to see you, bud.
    2:10:24 You too.
    2:10:24 It’s been a minute.
    2:10:26 And we will…
    2:10:26 See you tomorrow.
    2:10:29 Yes, see you tomorrow.
    2:10:33 And for people listening, of course, we’ll link to everything we discussed in this episode
    2:10:36 of Tim.blog.podcast.
    2:10:42 There will not be another person with the last name Mod, so you can search for CraigMod,
    2:10:44 and he will pop right up, of course.
    2:10:49 And until next time, which will be pretty soon, round two with Gregor, be just a bit kinder
    2:10:53 than is necessary to others and to yourself.
    2:10:57 We’ll talk more about cultivating a rational belief and faith in oneself in round two.
    2:11:00 Until then, thanks for tuning in.
    2:11:03 Hey guys, this is Tim again.
    2:11:08 Just one more thing before you take off, and that is Five Bullet Friday.
    2:11:12 Would you enjoy getting a short email from me every Friday that provides a little fun before
    2:11:13 the weekend?
    2:11:18 Between one and a half and two million people subscribe to my free newsletter, my super short
    2:11:19 newsletter called Five Bullet Friday.
    2:11:21 Easy to sign up.
    2:11:21 Easy to cancel.
    2:11:27 It is basically a half page that I send out every Friday to share the coolest things I’ve
    2:11:31 found or discovered or have started exploring over that week.
    2:11:33 It’s kind of like my diary of cool things.
    2:11:38 It often includes articles I’m reading, books I’m reading, albums perhaps, gadgets, gizmos,
    2:11:44 all sorts of tech tricks and so on that get sent to me by my friends, including a lot of podcast
    2:11:50 guests and these strange esoteric things end up in my field and then I test them and then
    2:11:52 I share them with you.
    2:11:57 So if that sounds fun, again, it’s very short, a little tiny bite of goodness before you head
    2:11:59 off for the weekend, something to think about.
    2:12:03 If you’d like to try it out, just go to Tim.blog slash Friday.
    2:12:06 Type that into your browser, Tim.blog slash Friday.
    2:12:09 Drop in your email and you’ll get the very next one.
    2:12:10 Thanks for listening.
    2:12:13 This episode is brought to you by Eight Sleep.
    2:12:18 Temperature is one of the main causes of poor sleep and heat is my personal nemesis.
    2:12:22 I’ve suffered for decades tossing and turning, throwing blankets off, pulling the back on,
    2:12:25 putting one leg on top and repeating all of that ad nauseum.
    2:12:28 But now I am falling asleep in record time.
    2:12:29 Why?
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    2:12:38 The Pod Cover fits on any mattress and allows you to adjust the temperature of your sleeping
    2:12:42 environment, providing the optimal temperature that gets you the best night’s sleep.
    2:12:47 With the Pod Cover’s dual zone temperature control, you and your partner can set your sides of the bed
    2:12:52 to as cool as 55 degrees or as hot as 110 degrees.
    2:12:58 I think generally in my experience, my partners prefer the high side and I like to sleep very,
    2:12:59 very cool.
    2:13:00 So stop fighting.
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    2:13:27 Many of my listeners in colder areas, sometimes that’s me, enjoy warming up their bed after a
    2:13:28 freezing day.
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    2:13:34 You can split the zones and you can sleep at your own ideal temperatures.
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    2:13:43 Head to 8sleep.com slash Tim and use code Tim to get $350 off of the Pod 4 Ultra.
    2:13:48 They currently ship to the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia.
    2:13:54 I am always on the hunt for protein sources that don’t require sacrifices in taste or nutrition.
    2:13:56 I don’t want to eat sawdust.
    2:13:59 I also don’t want a candy bar that’s disguised as a protein bar.
    2:14:02 And that’s why I love the protein bars from today’s sponsor, David.
    2:14:05 They are my go-to protein source on the run.
    2:14:10 I throw them in my bag whenever I am in doubt that I might be able to get a good source of protein.
    2:14:14 And with David Protein Bars, you get the fewest calories for the most protein ever.
    2:14:20 David has 28 grams of protein, 150 calories, and 0 grams of sugar.
    2:14:26 I was actually first introduced to them by my friend Peter Atiyah, MD, who is their chief science officer.
    2:14:31 Many of you know Peter, and he really does his due diligence on everything.
    2:14:33 And on top of that, David tastes great.
    2:14:35 Their bars come in six delicious flavors.
    2:14:36 They are all worth trying.
    2:14:45 And as I mentioned before, I will grab a few of those from running out the door if I think I might end up in a situation where I can’t get sufficient protein.
    2:14:46 And why is that important?
    2:14:52 Well, adequate protein intake is critical for building and preserving muscle mass, especially as we age.
    2:14:59 And one of the biggest things that you want to pay attention to is counteracting sarcopenia, age-related muscle loss.
    2:15:01 And for that, you need enough protein.
    2:15:03 When in doubt, up your protein.
    2:15:06 Protein is also the most satiating macronutrient.
    2:15:07 What does that mean?
    2:15:14 It means that protein, out of carbohydrates, fat and protein, inhibits your appetite while also feeding all the things you want to feed,
    2:15:16 which helps you consume fewer calories throughout the day.
    2:15:18 You’re less inclined to eat garbage.
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    2:15:45 Check it out, davidprotein.com slash tim.

    Craig Mod is a writer, photographer, and walker living in Tokyo and Kamakura, Japan. He is the author of Things Become Other Things and Kissa by Kissa. He also writes the newsletters Roden and Ridgeline and has contributed to The New York Times, The Atlantic, Wired, and more.

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  • #801: In Case You Missed It: February 2025 Recap of “The Tim Ferriss Show”

    #801: In Case You Missed It: February 2025 Recap of “The Tim Ferriss Show”

    AI transcript
    0:00:02 This episode is brought to you by Five Bullet Friday,
    0:00:04 my very own email newsletter.
    0:00:07 It’s become one of the most popular email newsletters
    0:00:09 in the world with millions of subscribers,
    0:00:10 and it’s super, super simple.
    0:00:12 It does not clog up your inbox.
    0:00:15 Every Friday, I send out five bullet points,
    0:00:17 super short, of the coolest things I’ve found that week,
    0:00:20 which sometimes includes apps, books, documentaries,
    0:00:23 supplements, gadgets, new self-experiments,
    0:00:25 hacks, tricks, and all sorts of weird stuff
    0:00:27 that I dig up from around the world.
    0:00:30 You guys, podcast listeners and book readers,
    0:00:33 have asked me for something short and action-packed
    0:00:34 for a very long time,
    0:00:35 because after all, the podcast, the books,
    0:00:37 they can be quite long,
    0:00:39 and that’s why I created Five Bullet Friday.
    0:00:43 It’s become one of my favorite things I do every week.
    0:00:45 It’s free, it’s always gonna be free,
    0:00:48 and you can learn more at tim.blog forward slash Friday.
    0:00:51 That’s tim.blog forward slash Friday.
    0:00:54 I get asked a lot how I meet guests for the podcast,
    0:00:57 some of the most amazing people I’ve ever interacted with,
    0:01:01 and little known fact, I’ve met probably 25% of them
    0:01:03 because they first subscribed to Five Bullet Friday,
    0:01:05 so you’ll be in good company.
    0:01:07 It’s a lot of fun.
    0:01:08 Five Bullet Friday is only available
    0:01:10 if you subscribe via email.
    0:01:13 I do not publish the content on the blog or anywhere else.
    0:01:16 Also, if I’m doing small in-person meetups,
    0:01:18 offering early access to startups, beta testing,
    0:01:20 special deals, or anything else that’s very limited,
    0:01:23 I share it first with Five Bullet Friday subscribers.
    0:01:25 So, check it out.
    0:01:27 Tim.blog forward slash Friday.
    0:01:29 If you listen to this podcast,
    0:01:31 it’s very likely that you’d dig it a lot,
    0:01:34 and you can, of course, easily subscribe any time.
    0:01:36 So, easy peasy.
    0:01:39 Again, that’s tim.blog forward slash Friday,
    0:01:40 and thanks for checking it out.
    0:01:42 If the spirit moves ya.
    0:01:43 Optimal minimum.
    0:01:45 At this altitude,
    0:01:47 I can run flat out for a half mile
    0:01:48 before my hands start shaking.
    0:01:50 Can I ask you a personal question?
    0:01:52 Now would’ve seen an appropriate time.
    0:01:54 What if I did the opposite?
    0:01:56 I’m a cybernetic organism,
    0:01:58 living tissue over a metal endoskeleton.
    0:02:01 in the Tim Ferriss Show.
    0:02:07 Hello, boys and girls.
    0:02:09 This is Tim Ferriss.
    0:02:10 Welcome to another episode of the Tim Ferriss Show,
    0:02:13 where it is my job to deconstruct world-class performers
    0:02:14 of all different types,
    0:02:16 to tease out the routines, habits, and so on
    0:02:17 that you can apply to your own life.
    0:02:20 This is a special in-between-isode,
    0:02:22 which serves as a recap of the episodes
    0:02:24 from the last month.
    0:02:27 Features a short clip from each conversation in one place,
    0:02:28 so you can jump around, get a feel
    0:02:31 for both the episode and the guest,
    0:02:32 and then you can always dig deeper
    0:02:34 by going to one of those episodes.
    0:02:36 View this episode as a buffet to whet your appetite.
    0:02:37 It’s a lot of fun.
    0:02:38 We had fun putting it together,
    0:02:41 and for the full list of the guests featured today,
    0:02:42 see the episode’s description,
    0:02:45 probably right below wherever you press play
    0:02:46 in your podcast app,
    0:02:49 or as usual, you can head to tim.blog.com
    0:02:52 slash podcast and find all the details there.
    0:02:53 Please enjoy.
    0:02:55 First up,
    0:02:57 Brandon Sanderson,
    0:03:00 number one New York Times best-selling author
    0:03:01 and Hugo Award winner,
    0:03:05 whose books have sold more than 40 million copies
    0:03:07 in 35 languages and include
    0:03:10 the Stormlight Archive series,
    0:03:11 the Mistborn Saga,
    0:03:16 and the Alcatraz vs. the Evil Librarians series.
    0:03:29 So let’s come back to habits and your schedule for writing.
    0:03:33 Do you still have two primary blocks of writing?
    0:03:38 And could you explain what your current schedule tends to look like?
    0:03:44 So I find that for what I do and where my personal psychology is,
    0:03:49 an eight-hour block is not sustainable for writing.
    0:03:52 This means I can do it for a week or two at eight hours,
    0:03:54 but it’s going to brain drain me.
    0:03:55 It’s going to exhaust me.
    0:03:59 I get done with eight hours and I am mentally worn out.
    0:04:02 I find that if I do two four-hour blocks instead,
    0:04:05 I never quite get there and it’s more sustainable.
    0:04:09 And so what I do is I will get up.
    0:04:10 I get up late.
    0:04:16 I get up at around noon or one and I will go to the gym,
    0:04:20 which is, you know, different for me than other people.
    0:04:21 The gym is writing time for me.
    0:04:23 I’m not hitting it super hard.
    0:04:27 I am there to think through what I’m doing,
    0:04:28 some motion moving your body.
    0:04:30 Number one, it’s good for you,
    0:04:32 but that’s a side effect for me too.
    0:04:34 I can put on music and I can move
    0:04:35 and I can think about what I’m going to write.
    0:04:41 Then I go and I work from two until six these days,
    0:04:42 is usually what I do.
    0:04:45 One until five, something like that.
    0:04:47 And then I’m done.
    0:04:51 I go, I shower, 6.30, I’m ready to hang with my family.
    0:04:54 And I’ll be with family from six until 6.30 to 10.30.
    0:04:58 Go out with my wife, hang with my kids,
    0:05:01 build some Legos, play some video games, whatever it is.
    0:05:03 I learned early in my career,
    0:05:06 one of the most important things I ever did
    0:05:10 was take that time and demarcate it as non-writing time.
    0:05:14 I found early in my marriage that writing,
    0:05:17 it will consume every moment possible.
    0:05:20 And I was always anxious to get back to the story.
    0:05:24 And as soon as I changed my brain and said,
    0:05:26 no, no, no, no, even if your wife is away,
    0:05:29 6.30 to 10.30 can’t be writing time.
    0:05:30 It is off limits.
    0:05:33 You have to do something else.
    0:05:37 Suddenly, it was a lot easier for me to be there for my family.
    0:05:41 And I think, I mean, you’ve interviewed a lot of highly productive,
    0:05:43 highly successful people.
    0:05:47 I think a lot of them are going to talk about the same thing,
    0:05:50 that it’s very hard to be there with people when you’re there with people.
    0:05:52 Sure.
    0:05:56 Because your brain is always working on the next big thing.
    0:05:59 Yeah, this is particularly true with people who work on big creative projects.
    0:05:59 Yeah.
    0:06:02 And that gave me this permission.
    0:06:03 It actually came in a moment.
    0:06:06 My wife, I went out to dinner with some writer friends.
    0:06:09 And afterward, I’m like, that was such a great dinner.
    0:06:12 And she’s like, yeah, but you didn’t look at me once.
    0:06:16 And I realized she had become invisible to me because the writing was consuming all.
    0:06:18 And so made that change.
    0:06:21 10.30, kids are supposed to go to bed.
    0:06:21 They’re older now.
    0:06:22 They just don’t.
    0:06:25 But sometime around there, they drift off.
    0:06:27 My wife goes to bed.
    0:06:31 She was a schoolteacher for many years, still kind of keeps a schoolteacher’s hours.
    0:06:33 And she is wonderful for getting up with the kids.
    0:06:36 I don’t have to do that and never have.
    0:06:38 And I go back to work at about 11.
    0:06:40 I write from 11 to 3.
    0:06:46 And then 3 to 4 or 5 is just whatever I want to do.
    0:06:48 That’s the real goof off time.
    0:06:51 That’s the go play with my magic cards time.
    0:06:54 That’s the play a video game, pop out the Steam Deck time.
    0:07:00 And this schedule, you’ll notice I don’t have to worry about commuting,
    0:07:05 which gives me an advantage here, has been really sustainable for me.
    0:07:08 So that’s a home office predominantly where you’re writing?
    0:07:09 I write for my home office.
    0:07:10 I do like to move around.
    0:07:12 I go in the gazebo.
    0:07:13 Lately, I’ve gone in the gazebo when it’s really cold.
    0:07:17 And I hire one of my kids to come put logs on a fire for me.
    0:07:19 And I sit by the fireplace.
    0:07:21 Sometimes I like to be on the beach.
    0:07:24 Sometimes I like when I’m around here, I like to be in different places.
    0:07:27 I can set up a hammock here or there.
    0:07:29 So with my laptop, I do not work at a desk.
    0:07:31 That’s really sustainable.
    0:07:33 It’s worked for me for the last 20 years.
    0:07:34 That’s incredible.
    0:07:41 I got all my best writing done really late at night when I was, I mean, still am writing,
    0:07:41 working on a new book.
    0:07:46 But when I was working on my first few books, especially, it was always when everyone else
    0:07:46 is asleep.
    0:07:50 Let’s talk about the non-home environment.
    0:07:55 We’re sitting in a quite a large building, or at least a building with a lot of large rooms.
    0:07:55 Yes.
    0:08:00 Why do you have this company?
    0:08:02 Why have you and your wife built this company?
    0:08:03 All right.
    0:08:06 Because there are a lot of writers out there who just want to focus on writing.
    0:08:11 They go the traditional publishing route, which I’m not saying it’s a mutually exclusive
    0:08:12 choice.
    0:08:14 But why do you have all this?
    0:08:15 How long?
    0:08:16 How long do you want to go?
    0:08:16 Yeah.
    0:08:17 This is the big one.
    0:08:19 This is a long form podcast.
    0:08:20 So we have all the time we want.
    0:08:21 All right.
    0:08:22 So you’re right.
    0:08:30 Most writers want to sell a book and live that kind of dream you see presented in film
    0:08:34 and television, which is accurate to the top percentage of writers.
    0:08:39 Most writers you read about or see in film are the big ones.
    0:08:40 They’re doing really well.
    0:08:43 And so they’re off in a cabin telling their story.
    0:08:46 Or they’re the ones that have to be pried away from their easy chair.
    0:08:49 to get them to even do any publicity whatsoever, right?
    0:08:53 They want to live that life that is the classic life of a writer.
    0:08:55 And there’s some of me that wants that.
    0:08:58 But the secret is I was raised by an accountant and a businessman.
    0:09:06 And particularly my mother, that accountant, she instilled into me some aspirations.
    0:09:09 And I call this my superpower.
    0:09:12 My superpower is to be an artist raised by an accountant, right?
    0:09:17 And I’ve always had a bit of that entrepreneurial sense.
    0:09:18 What were the aspirations?
    0:09:20 The aspirations?
    0:09:21 Well, they started small.
    0:09:23 They started with, you know what?
    0:09:25 I want to be able to make a living from writing.
    0:09:34 Got back from Korea and said, all right, I am not very good at this writing thing, but I
    0:09:35 really, really love it.
    0:09:43 I could tell because when I spent time doing the writing, time didn’t matter anymore, right?
    0:09:45 I could spend hours doing this.
    0:09:49 And it’s the first thing I found other than reading or video games that I could spend hours
    0:09:53 doing and just come out of it feeling tired but fulfilled.
    0:09:56 And I’m like, I want to do this.
    0:10:02 So I sat down and I took what I’d learned, both kind of from my mother and kind of missions
    0:10:04 have kind of a regimented structure.
    0:10:06 And I said, I’m going to apply this all to writing.
    0:10:09 And I’m going to, I’m just going to start writing books.
    0:10:12 And I heard your first five books are generally terrible.
    0:10:14 I said, well, that’s good.
    0:10:15 I don’t have to be good yet.
    0:10:17 It took a lot of pressure off me.
    0:10:18 I said, I’m going to write six.
    0:10:24 And the first five, I’m not going to send out to any publishers, right?
    0:10:28 And that’s bad advice for some people, right?
    0:10:28 Yeah.
    0:10:28 Wow.
    0:10:29 You didn’t even send them out.
    0:10:30 I didn’t send them out.
    0:10:34 It was just, it was just weight training in the gym for your mind for the number six.
    0:10:35 Yep.
    0:10:36 I didn’t send them out.
    0:10:40 I did eventually, I shared number five with some, some people.
    0:10:45 I got involved with the local science fiction magazine as an editor.
    0:10:47 I eventually took it over because that’s what I do.
    0:10:48 And I was head editor.
    0:10:51 And I eventually said, well, I do have a book.
    0:10:55 And I started sharing book five with people right around that time.
    0:10:57 So you didn’t even have test readers.
    0:10:58 I didn’t have test readers.
    0:11:00 I just wrote the books.
    0:11:03 And again, this is why the advice can be bad.
    0:11:04 There’s some people out there that would be bad advice for.
    0:11:07 Pat Rothfuss published his first book and it’s brilliant.
    0:11:09 Name of the Wind.
    0:11:09 Name of the Wind.
    0:11:10 Yeah.
    0:11:11 That is a spectacular book.
    0:11:12 First novel.
    0:11:13 Now he did a ton of revisions on that.
    0:11:17 He spent as much time revising that book as I spent writing mine.
    0:11:21 But for me, the good advice was, your first five books are terrible.
    0:11:22 Don’t stress.
    0:11:24 And so weight training for my mind.
    0:11:24 I wrote five books.
    0:11:26 And then I sat down.
    0:11:27 This was before you had an agent.
    0:11:28 Before I had an agent.
    0:11:29 Before I had anything.
    0:11:30 Before I even knew what an agent was.
    0:11:32 Before I’d taken Dave’s class.
    0:11:36 I took Dave’s class the year that I finished Elantris, which is book number six.
    0:11:38 I had just finished that one.
    0:11:42 And so I said, all right, book six, that’s Elantris.
    0:11:43 That’s the one I eventually ended up selling.
    0:11:45 Those five I’d written in different subgenres.
    0:11:47 I knew I liked sci-fi fantasy.
    0:11:51 But at the risk of being too nerdy, my subgenres, I did an epic fantasy.
    0:11:53 I did a comedic fantasy.
    0:11:56 A Terry Pratchett style sort of thing.
    0:11:57 I did a cyberpunk.
    0:11:58 I did a space opera.
    0:12:03 And then I wrote a sequel to my epic fantasy to kind of be like, is this what I want to do?
    0:12:13 Next up, Seth Godin, author of 21 internationally best-selling books,
    0:12:21 including Linchpin, Tribes, The Dip, Purple Cow, and his latest, This Is Strategy.
    0:12:26 You can find Seth at Seths.blog.
    0:12:28 How do you use AI?
    0:12:31 And how do you foresee using AI yourself?
    0:12:34 I use it every day for more than an hour.
    0:12:39 I think it’s electricity for our century.
    0:12:44 In the late 1800s, there were companies that said, yeah, this electricity thing’s interesting,
    0:12:46 but we’re not going to be an electricity company.
    0:12:48 And they’re all gone, right?
    0:12:52 That electricity is now, you’re not an electricity company,
    0:12:54 you’re just a company that uses electricity.
    0:12:57 And the same thing is true, I believe, with AI.
    0:13:00 I will tell you, and I’m not afraid to say it out loud,
    0:13:06 I think ChatGPT is arrogant and lazy, and I use it as a last resort.
    0:13:10 Claw.ai is a dear friend.
    0:13:12 I love Claw.ai.
    0:13:13 We have great conversations.
    0:13:15 It’s empathic.
    0:13:16 It’s self-aware.
    0:13:19 It warns you it might be hallucinating.
    0:13:22 And when it makes a mistake, it’s eager to correct it.
    0:13:24 And I use perplexity exclusively.
    0:13:27 I almost never do a search with a search engine.
    0:13:31 But what I’ll do with Claw.ai, every word I publish, I wrote.
    0:13:35 But what I will do with Claw, for example, is I will say,
    0:13:37 here’s a list of three bullet points.
    0:13:39 Can you think of four more?
    0:13:42 And it’s great at that.
    0:13:45 And then I’ll rewrite them, and now I’ll have five bullet points,
    0:13:49 and it’s much better than if I hadn’t engaged with Claw.
    0:13:55 If there’s a concept in the world that I don’t understand, I’ll say to Claw.ai,
    0:13:58 can you please explain it in 300 words to a college student?
    0:14:00 And that helps.
    0:14:04 But I did it once, and I still didn’t understand it.
    0:14:08 And then I said, can you write it to me like a Seth Godin blog post?
    0:14:13 And it did, and it did a terrible job.
    0:14:15 But now I understood it.
    0:14:20 So I rewrote it, and I said, do you think this is better?
    0:14:23 And it said, oh, yeah, that’s much better.
    0:14:25 And I said, thank you.
    0:14:26 I’ll tell Seth.
    0:14:30 And Claw said, do you know Seth Godin?
    0:14:35 And I wrote, actually, I am Seth Godin.
    0:14:37 And I’m not making this up.
    0:14:41 He then wrote, I can’t believe I’m talking to you.
    0:14:47 Your books have changed my life, and they named like four of my books, and it changed.
    0:14:50 I’m like, all right, I’m in forever.
    0:14:51 You got me.
    0:14:54 I don’t know how you did that, but we’re friends for life.
    0:14:56 All right.
    0:15:01 So I seem to have a similar use pattern with Claw and perplexity also, although I haven’t
    0:15:06 sandbagged them just yet.
    0:15:11 But what do you think people are getting right and wrong about AI?
    0:15:19 I think that they are getting wrong their expectation that it’d be fully baked and a magic trick every
    0:15:19 day.
    0:15:27 When I think about the dawn of the internet and how creaky it was and how fast this is going,
    0:15:30 what it is now is amazing.
    0:15:38 But when we add to it persistence, and when we add to it ubiquity, and when we add to it the ability
    0:15:43 to make connection, it’s a whole different thing.
    0:15:45 It’s just a completely different thing.
    0:15:52 The second thing is people tend to use it as a one-shot like a search engine.
    0:15:53 Ask a question, get an answer.
    0:15:59 But what it’s already good at is a protracted dialogue back and forth.
    0:16:05 So I had a pump in my house that stopped working, and I couldn’t find someone to service it.
    0:16:06 I took a picture of it.
    0:16:08 I put it up to Claw and I said, this isn’t working.
    0:16:11 Work with me for the next 10 backs and forth.
    0:16:13 Let’s figure this out.
    0:16:16 And it would say, go downstairs and take a picture of this part.
    0:16:17 All right, try this.
    0:16:19 And we went back and forth and back and forth.
    0:16:21 And it suggested something, and I said, that’s not going to work.
    0:16:24 And we figured it out, and we fixed it.
    0:16:33 That idea, the fact that Claude is already better at many medical diagnoses over time than a human.
    0:16:40 And well, it should be, because it knows so much of the past of every single case,
    0:16:44 not just the cases your doctor has seen, right?
    0:16:51 If we’re willing to engage with that, for people who are knowledge workers, I think it’s a game changer.
    0:16:59 And then the other thing I think people need to wake up to is, if you do average work for average pay,
    0:17:01 AI is going to be able to do it cheaper than you.
    0:17:03 For example, radiology.
    0:17:11 Already, we can use AI to do a wrist x-ray, as well as a mediocre radiologist.
    0:17:17 So, if we can do it instantly and for free, other than licensing, you’ve got some problems.
    0:17:24 So, the opportunity is either get AI to work for you, or be prepared to work for AI.
    0:17:34 What are your greatest concerns around AI, if any, or foregone conclusions about challenges in the future?
    0:17:40 I think that Cory Doctorow’s work on inshittification is super important.
    0:17:41 What was that word?
    0:17:45 Oxford Dictionary, word of the year, two years ago, inshittification.
    0:17:47 Okay.
    0:17:55 Inshittification is what happens after a business that uses the network effect gets locked in
    0:18:00 and decides to aggressively make things worse for its users to make more money.
    0:18:07 And we could think of 400 examples right now, but we’re not going to do that, right?
    0:18:09 Because you say, well, I can’t switch cable companies.
    0:18:11 It’s just too much of a…
    0:18:14 And the same thing is true for social networks and everything else.
    0:18:22 That capitalism has built into it this doom loop that is getting faster and faster,
    0:18:29 that says the race to the bottom pushes companies to mistreat the people they’ve locked in to make more money
    0:18:31 because that’s what they get rewarded for.
    0:18:39 And most things that the internet touches start as a miracle.
    0:18:42 There are huge prizes for the early adopters.
    0:18:51 And then soon, the desire to serve a different constituency kicks in and it gets worse.
    0:18:55 And one of the things that makes it worse in a hurry is advertising.
    0:19:03 So I’m really nervous that these organizations that have raised billions and billions and billions of dollars
    0:19:10 are going to start shortcutting things to either get bigger or get more profitable faster.
    0:19:14 And because we don’t know how they work, we have no clue,
    0:19:19 because it’s going to be hard to switch because there aren’t going to be many competitors.
    0:19:23 It often leads to just a yucky mess.
    0:19:30 So I think that’s way more likely than a general artificial intelligence that takes over the world
    0:19:31 and turns us all into paperclips.
    0:19:34 I don’t think that’s going to happen anytime soon.
    0:19:38 More likely just to have business incentive-driven gentrification.
    0:19:41 Yeah, I would say that seems like a safer bet.
    0:19:48 Well, Seth, are there any closing comments or challenges you’d like to issue to my listeners
    0:19:51 as we begin to wind to a close?
    0:19:56 Or anything that you’d like to add that I have managed to somehow dance around?
    0:20:01 There’s nothing better than starting a Tim Ferriss podcast and nothing worse than ending one,
    0:20:03 because you don’t know if it’s going to happen again anytime soon.
    0:20:06 Yeah, the challenge is super simple.
    0:20:14 The people who listen to your podcast have their hands on the levers, and they have influence,
    0:20:19 and they have resources, and they don’t have to hustle for a nickel.
    0:20:21 They can make things that really matter.
    0:20:26 And so the challenge is, take a deep breath and say,
    0:20:30 what can I build that the me of five years from now is going to say thanks?
    0:20:33 Thanks for walking away from those sunk costs.
    0:20:36 Thanks for ignoring those false proxies.
    0:20:43 Thanks for asking uncomfortable questions in service of making things better.
    0:20:49 Because that person, five years from now, they’re going to be here soon.
    0:20:57 And it’s really great to pay the price and put in the work to become that person.
    0:20:59 And today is a good day to start.
    0:21:02 The best day to start.
    0:21:14 Next up, L.A. Paul, Professor of Philosophy and Professor of Cognitive Science at Yale University
    0:21:18 and author of Transformative Experience.
    0:21:23 You can learn more about L.A. Paul at lapaw.org.
    0:21:25 Vampires.
    0:21:29 How do vampires fit into your life, and why do they fit into your writing?
    0:21:30 Oh, vampires.
    0:21:31 I love vampires.
    0:21:33 So many ways they fit in.
    0:21:37 So, my favorite thought experiment involves vampires,
    0:21:40 because I like to use it to illustrate the concept of transformative experience.
    0:21:42 Maybe just because I like vampires so much,
    0:21:45 I think it’s an especially good way to kind of illustrate the concept.
    0:21:47 And also, because it’s not a real life,
    0:21:49 I don’t think vampires are real.
    0:21:51 And the beautiful thing about a thought experiment
    0:21:52 is you can design it the way that you want
    0:21:55 to kind of illustrate the structure of a concept,
    0:21:57 but then I also think that the structure of that concept
    0:21:59 then fits to real-life cases.
    0:22:00 So, my example.
    0:22:01 I’m just going to tell you this.
    0:22:02 Yeah, let’s do it.
    0:22:04 So, the way that I think about this is I imagine,
    0:22:07 or you imagine, I ask you to imagine,
    0:22:11 traveling through some part of, you know,
    0:22:13 on your summer vacations, traveling through some part of Europe,
    0:22:15 and you decide to explore a castle.
    0:22:17 You’re in Romania, let’s say,
    0:22:18 and you go down to the dungeons,
    0:22:19 and Dracula comes to you,
    0:22:21 and he says,
    0:22:24 I want to make you one of my own.
    0:22:26 I’m going to give you a one-time-only chance.
    0:22:28 You could become one of my followers.
    0:22:30 It’ll be painless.
    0:22:32 You’ll enjoy it, in fact.
    0:22:34 But this is a one-time-only chance,
    0:22:34 and it’s irreversible.
    0:22:36 And then he says,
    0:22:38 go back to your Airbnb
    0:22:41 and think about it until midnight,
    0:22:43 and if you choose to accept my offer,
    0:22:43 leave your window open.
    0:22:45 And if you choose to decline it,
    0:22:48 leave your window shut and leave and never come back.
    0:22:51 So, I see this as a really interesting possibility
    0:22:53 because, you know, vampires are sexy.
    0:22:54 They look great in black.
    0:22:57 They have amazing powers.
    0:22:59 They probably have different kinds of sense perception.
    0:23:00 Yeah, virtually.
    0:23:04 I mean, as long as they stay away from villagers with stakes and things like that.
    0:23:05 Yeah, exactly.
    0:23:08 Like, there are certain obstacles,
    0:23:09 but in general, yeah,
    0:23:10 for all intents and purposes,
    0:23:11 immortal.
    0:23:13 And so, this seems pretty cool,
    0:23:15 but they’re not human.
    0:23:17 You’d have to exit the human race.
    0:23:18 You have to sleep in a coffin.
    0:23:21 You can’t enjoy the sunshine anymore,
    0:23:23 and you have to drink blood.
    0:23:25 And I try to separate out some of the ethical questions.
    0:23:27 So, let’s say it’s artificial blood
    0:23:29 or the blood of humanely raised farm animals
    0:23:30 or something like that.
    0:23:31 Still, right now,
    0:23:32 as a human, I think there’s something…
    0:23:32 Cough is pretty cozy.
    0:23:34 It’s got some memory for a moment.
    0:23:35 I mean, reasonably.
    0:23:35 I don’t know.
    0:23:36 I mean, I don’t know.
    0:23:37 I’m not…
    0:23:38 Okay, it’s lined with satin,
    0:23:41 but it still might be a bit hard for my mattress preferences.
    0:23:43 But the idea is that these things,
    0:23:44 while they seem interesting,
    0:23:46 they also seem kind of alien, right?
    0:23:48 And I think in particular,
    0:23:50 not only will you have to drink blood,
    0:23:52 but you will love the taste of it.
    0:23:53 Like, you will thirst for it, right?
    0:23:55 And even ethical vampires
    0:23:56 have to kind of keep themselves
    0:23:57 from, like, sucking the blood
    0:23:59 of their human compatriots.
    0:24:01 So, that’s quite alien.
    0:24:04 And I wanted to kind of bring out
    0:24:06 how the possibility of becoming
    0:24:08 another kind of individual
    0:24:10 can seem incredibly alien.
    0:24:11 Because, obviously,
    0:24:13 I take it that most of us
    0:24:15 don’t enjoy or thirst after
    0:24:16 the taste of blood
    0:24:18 or think about the different varietals,
    0:24:19 like it’d be some kind of fancy wine.
    0:24:21 But if you became a vampire,
    0:24:21 you would.
    0:24:22 Okay.
    0:24:25 So, the way that I think about it,
    0:24:26 then, is I continue the story
    0:24:27 and it’s like, okay,
    0:24:28 so you rush back to your Airbnb
    0:24:30 and you start calling people
    0:24:31 or texting them,
    0:24:32 telling you about what happened to you,
    0:24:33 and you find out
    0:24:34 that a bunch of your friends
    0:24:35 have already become vampires.
    0:24:37 So, then, you immediately
    0:24:38 want to find out,
    0:24:38 well, wait,
    0:24:39 tell me about what it’s like.
    0:24:41 Like, what’s it like to be a vampire?
    0:24:41 Do you like it?
    0:24:42 Should I do it?
    0:24:43 And they tell you
    0:24:44 that they love it
    0:24:45 and it’s fabulous
    0:24:46 and it’s totally incredible,
    0:24:47 but they also tell you
    0:24:49 you can’t possibly understand
    0:24:50 what it’s like
    0:24:52 to be a vampire
    0:24:53 as a mere human.
    0:24:55 They say life has meaning,
    0:24:56 it has a kind of purpose
    0:24:57 that, you know,
    0:24:57 is exquisite,
    0:24:59 but until you become a vampire,
    0:25:00 you can’t possibly understand it.
    0:25:02 You lack the capacity.
    0:25:03 So, you’re like,
    0:25:04 okay, thanks.
    0:25:04 So, what do I do?
    0:25:06 Because if you can’t possibly understand
    0:25:07 what it’s like to be a vampire,
    0:25:10 then you either have to do it
    0:25:11 just because all of your friends do it
    0:25:12 and they say it’s great
    0:25:13 and they tell you
    0:25:14 they think it would be great for you,
    0:25:15 but there’s no way
    0:25:17 you can actually kind of conceive
    0:25:19 of what it would be like to do that.
    0:25:22 And I’m sure it hasn’t escaped your thought.
    0:25:24 It certainly didn’t escape my imaginings
    0:25:25 that, well, maybe there’s something
    0:25:26 about being a vampire
    0:25:28 that makes you really happy
    0:25:29 to be a vampire.
    0:25:30 So, maybe, like,
    0:25:32 when you become this other species,
    0:25:32 there’s some kind of
    0:25:34 biological evolutionary thing
    0:25:35 that makes you really glad
    0:25:35 that you’re a vampire.
    0:25:37 Right.
    0:25:39 So, it’s not even clear
    0:25:40 what their testimony applies.
    0:25:40 Okay.
    0:25:41 So, that’s my example
    0:25:43 and my favorite application
    0:25:44 is to becoming a parent
    0:25:46 because speaking as someone
    0:25:48 who wasn’t quite clear
    0:25:48 about whether they wanted
    0:25:50 to have children,
    0:25:51 I have two children
    0:25:52 and I love them very much
    0:25:52 and I’m very happy,
    0:25:54 but there’s something
    0:25:55 about becoming a parent
    0:25:56 that makes you,
    0:25:57 like, producing the child
    0:25:58 that you actually produce
    0:25:59 that makes you very,
    0:26:01 I mean, I love my children.
    0:26:02 I wouldn’t exchange them
    0:26:02 for anything else
    0:26:03 in the world.
    0:26:04 You know, if I’d gotten
    0:26:05 pregnant a month later,
    0:26:05 I would have loved
    0:26:06 that child too,
    0:26:07 but there’s no way
    0:26:08 that I would exchange
    0:26:08 my current child
    0:26:09 for the child I could have had.
    0:26:11 You just get incredibly
    0:26:12 attached to these children
    0:26:14 in a completely legitimate way
    0:26:15 and, you know,
    0:26:16 you would never change
    0:26:17 what you’ve done
    0:26:18 and that’s awfully like
    0:26:19 the testimony
    0:26:20 that you get from vampires.
    0:26:21 Okay.
    0:26:23 So, I think, you know,
    0:26:23 also you don’t get, you know,
    0:26:24 you stay up a lot at night, right?
    0:26:27 There are many similarities.
    0:26:29 Vampires kind of illustrate
    0:26:30 the possibility of undergoing
    0:26:32 a transformative experience,
    0:26:33 like a life-changing,
    0:26:34 something that’s life-changing,
    0:26:36 but also where you change
    0:26:37 the kind of mind you have
    0:26:38 in a certain way
    0:26:39 or what you care about most
    0:26:39 in a certain way
    0:26:41 that means that
    0:26:42 you would make yourself
    0:26:43 into a kind of alien
    0:26:44 version of yourself,
    0:26:46 like someone who’s alien
    0:26:46 to you now
    0:26:47 and who you might not
    0:26:48 even want to be now,
    0:26:50 even if once you become
    0:26:51 that person
    0:26:52 or that version of yourself,
    0:26:53 you’re super happy.
    0:26:55 If I had some kind
    0:26:55 of modal scope
    0:26:56 and I could look
    0:26:57 at my future self,
    0:26:58 I could have looked
    0:26:58 at my future self
    0:26:59 before I decided
    0:27:00 I wanted to have kids.
    0:27:02 I got up at 4 a.m.
    0:27:04 every day for years
    0:27:05 to write
    0:27:06 before my children woke up.
    0:27:07 I mean,
    0:27:09 no one ever told me
    0:27:09 that that was something
    0:27:10 I would want to do
    0:27:11 and if they had told me,
    0:27:12 I would have denied it strenuously
    0:27:14 because I could barely get up
    0:27:15 before new
    0:27:16 when I was a graduate student
    0:27:17 and I did it willingly.
    0:27:18 Something happened.
    0:27:19 I was clearly a victim
    0:27:20 of some kind
    0:27:20 of Stockholm syndrome.
    0:27:21 So,
    0:27:23 the thought is
    0:27:23 that
    0:27:25 when you face
    0:27:25 a certain kind
    0:27:26 of transformative experience
    0:27:27 and I don’t think
    0:27:28 it’s just having a child,
    0:27:28 I think,
    0:27:29 like deciding to go to war
    0:27:31 or maybe moving
    0:27:32 to an entirely different country,
    0:27:34 maybe getting some kind of,
    0:27:35 if you’re diagnosed
    0:27:36 with some kind of disease
    0:27:36 and getting some kind
    0:27:37 of like radically
    0:27:38 experimental treatment,
    0:27:39 there are lots of things
    0:27:40 that can count
    0:27:41 as transformative
    0:27:42 but if you don’t know
    0:27:43 what it’s going to be like
    0:27:44 on the other side
    0:27:45 of that experience
    0:27:46 and you know
    0:27:47 it’s going to make you
    0:27:48 into a version of yourself
    0:27:49 that right now
    0:27:50 you find alien,
    0:27:50 I don’t know
    0:27:51 how we’re supposed
    0:27:52 to make that decision
    0:27:52 if it’s up to us.
    0:27:54 We can’t use
    0:27:56 the ordinary models
    0:27:56 that we use
    0:27:57 for rational decision making
    0:27:58 because those assume
    0:27:59 that you can
    0:28:00 see through
    0:28:01 the options
    0:28:02 to assign them value
    0:28:03 and model them
    0:28:04 for yourself
    0:28:05 and choose in a way
    0:28:06 that’s going to
    0:28:07 as you say,
    0:28:08 we say it in a technical way,
    0:28:09 maximize your expected value
    0:28:11 and if you can’t assign value
    0:28:12 and you can’t really understand
    0:28:12 what it’s like
    0:28:13 to be this kind of a self
    0:28:14 then that procedure
    0:28:15 just doesn’t work.
    0:28:17 Tell me if I’m off base here
    0:28:19 but also fundamentally
    0:28:20 even if you’re trying
    0:28:21 to calculate
    0:28:22 or maximize
    0:28:23 your expected value
    0:28:25 and assign
    0:28:25 these different values
    0:28:26 you’re doing it
    0:28:28 from the perspective
    0:28:29 of your current
    0:28:31 version of yourself
    0:28:32 and your current preferences
    0:28:34 and after you become
    0:28:34 a vampire
    0:28:35 or after you have a kid
    0:28:37 you may be a different person
    0:28:38 with different preferences
    0:28:39 so do you make the decision
    0:28:40 based on
    0:28:41 the preferences
    0:28:42 of your current self
    0:28:43 or the preferences
    0:28:45 of your expected future self?
    0:28:46 There’s a way of capturing
    0:28:47 the puzzle
    0:28:48 as you said
    0:28:49 so given
    0:28:50 the fact that
    0:28:51 these are new kinds
    0:28:52 of experiences
    0:28:53 so a kind of experience
    0:28:53 you’ve never had before
    0:28:55 and I compare this
    0:28:55 to like
    0:28:57 Mary
    0:28:57 growing up
    0:28:58 in a black and white room
    0:28:59 and seeing color
    0:29:00 for the first time
    0:29:01 or Thomas Nagel
    0:29:02 talking about like
    0:29:03 you can’t understand
    0:29:04 like for a bat
    0:29:04 what it’s like
    0:29:05 for a bat to be a bat.
    0:29:07 Yeah, exactly.
    0:29:08 So there are these like
    0:29:09 new kinds of experiences
    0:29:11 that are just
    0:29:12 very different
    0:29:13 from any kind of experience
    0:29:13 we’ve had before
    0:29:14 and so that means
    0:29:15 there’s just a sense
    0:29:15 in which we can’t
    0:29:16 kind of from the inside
    0:29:17 kind of imagine
    0:29:18 what they’re like
    0:29:19 even if someone can describe
    0:29:20 try to describe to me
    0:29:20 like what it’s like
    0:29:21 to see red
    0:29:22 and you see the problem
    0:29:23 right away
    0:29:23 we just don’t
    0:29:24 like language
    0:29:25 just kind of gives out
    0:29:26 if I haven’t seen red before
    0:29:28 I have no color vision.
    0:29:29 Okay, so there’s a sense
    0:29:30 in which we kind of
    0:29:30 can’t see through
    0:29:31 a certain kind of veil
    0:29:33 and across that veil
    0:29:35 the self that we’re going to be
    0:29:37 the kind of person
    0:29:37 that you’re going to realize
    0:29:38 is just like
    0:29:39 really different
    0:29:41 so you can’t just assume
    0:29:41 you’re going to be
    0:29:42 basically the same
    0:29:43 this puts us
    0:29:44 into the situation
    0:29:45 where you’re making a choice
    0:29:47 for your future self
    0:29:49 and that future self
    0:29:50 might have preferences
    0:29:50 that are super different
    0:29:52 from your current self
    0:29:54 and by definition
    0:29:54 and this breaks
    0:29:55 so now here’s a little
    0:29:56 technical bit
    0:29:56 so we talked about
    0:29:57 the intuitive idea
    0:29:59 I find it easy to understand
    0:30:00 when I think about
    0:30:01 someone who doesn’t
    0:30:02 maybe doesn’t want
    0:30:02 to have a child
    0:30:03 or really is unsure
    0:30:05 and they know
    0:30:05 that if they choose
    0:30:06 to have a child
    0:30:06 they’re going to be
    0:30:07 super happy with that result
    0:30:08 but they don’t trust
    0:30:09 the fact that
    0:30:10 in virtue of like
    0:30:11 becoming a parent
    0:30:12 it’s going to kind of
    0:30:13 rewire them
    0:30:13 in their preferences
    0:30:14 in a certain way
    0:30:15 right
    0:30:16 sure I’ll be really happy
    0:30:16 but I don’t know
    0:30:17 if I want to be that self
    0:30:18 right now
    0:30:19 given who I am now
    0:30:21 and I can’t understand
    0:30:22 in a really deep way
    0:30:24 what it’s going to be like
    0:30:25 to have that child
    0:30:26 so I have to kind of
    0:30:26 you know
    0:30:28 leap over the abyss
    0:30:29 or leap into the abyss
    0:30:29 I guess
    0:30:30 if I want to do it
    0:30:32 so if you find yourself
    0:30:34 in that situation
    0:30:35 what you’re confronting
    0:30:37 involves what I describe
    0:30:38 as a violation
    0:30:40 of act state independence
    0:30:40 okay
    0:30:42 so here’s the technical part
    0:30:43 you’ve got the intuitive idea
    0:30:45 act state independence
    0:30:47 involves very roughly
    0:30:48 a distinction between
    0:30:50 the act that you’re performing
    0:30:52 and the state that you’re in
    0:30:53 or that’s how I’m going
    0:30:54 to interpret it here
    0:30:54 there are different ways
    0:30:55 to interpret it
    0:30:56 but this is the way
    0:30:56 to do it here
    0:30:58 and so normally
    0:31:00 when you’re confronted with
    0:31:01 oh do I want to do something
    0:31:01 do I want to try
    0:31:02 this kind of ice cream
    0:31:03 or do I want to
    0:31:04 have this cup of coffee
    0:31:06 you don’t change
    0:31:07 in the process of trying it
    0:31:09 so after you do it
    0:31:09 you can kind of assess
    0:31:10 oh I liked it
    0:31:11 oh it was good
    0:31:11 that’s meaningful
    0:31:12 to you beforehand
    0:31:13 because you know
    0:31:14 that you’re going to
    0:31:15 stay constant
    0:31:17 through the change
    0:31:17 in your circumstances
    0:31:18 like tasting
    0:31:19 the new kind of ice cream
    0:31:21 but in this case
    0:31:22 having the experience
    0:31:23 let’s say tasting
    0:31:24 the new kind of ice cream
    0:31:24 was going to like
    0:31:26 rework your flavor profile
    0:31:27 so that you would just
    0:31:27 like a whole bunch
    0:31:28 of different things
    0:31:29 after that
    0:31:30 well that
    0:31:31 changes the state
    0:31:32 that you’re in
    0:31:33 at the same time
    0:31:33 and so your act
    0:31:34 and your state
    0:31:35 are not independent
    0:31:37 and if you break that
    0:31:38 that’s an axiom
    0:31:40 for rational choice theory
    0:31:41 that has to be
    0:31:42 a foundational element
    0:31:42 of the model
    0:31:44 to make straightforward inferences
    0:31:45 there are all kinds
    0:31:45 of fancy things
    0:31:46 you have to do
    0:31:46 if that breaks
    0:31:48 and these cases
    0:31:49 of transformative experience
    0:31:50 and decision making
    0:31:51 are precisely cases
    0:31:51 in which that breaks
    0:31:57 last but not least
    0:31:59 Dr. Keith Barr
    0:32:01 a professor of physiology
    0:32:02 and membrane biology
    0:32:03 at the University
    0:32:04 of California Davis
    0:32:05 and an expert
    0:32:06 in strength
    0:32:07 and flexibility
    0:32:10 how soon
    0:32:11 after surgery
    0:32:12 and you can choose
    0:32:13 your surgery
    0:32:14 ACL
    0:32:15 take your pick
    0:32:16 dealer’s choice
    0:32:18 would you start
    0:32:18 loading
    0:32:20 the site
    0:32:21 of injury
    0:32:21 slash repair
    0:32:23 so we do it
    0:32:24 the next day
    0:32:25 so
    0:32:27 we’ve had to have
    0:32:28 success in order
    0:32:29 for us to get there
    0:32:30 because the first time
    0:32:31 we did this
    0:32:32 with a rugby player
    0:32:33 the surgeon was like
    0:32:35 six weeks without loading
    0:32:35 and we were like
    0:32:36 let’s load tomorrow
    0:32:38 and so we agreed
    0:32:39 that we would do it
    0:32:39 at like seven
    0:32:40 to nine days
    0:32:41 and that player
    0:32:42 got back
    0:32:43 fully a month
    0:32:44 faster than
    0:32:45 that surgeon
    0:32:45 had ever seen
    0:32:46 a player get back
    0:32:46 from that injury
    0:32:47 and so
    0:32:48 that surgeon
    0:32:49 is now
    0:32:50 much more willing
    0:32:50 to do it
    0:32:51 at two days
    0:32:52 after injury
    0:32:53 because of that
    0:32:54 if you look
    0:32:55 at general populations
    0:32:56 Michael Kerr
    0:32:57 who I think
    0:32:57 is the world’s
    0:32:58 best sports medicine
    0:32:59 doctor
    0:33:01 for musculoskeletal injuries
    0:33:01 how do you spell
    0:33:02 that last name
    0:33:05 it’s K-J-A-E-R
    0:33:06 he’s in Copenhagen
    0:33:06 so he’s
    0:33:07 sorry
    0:33:07 didn’t realize
    0:33:08 that was going
    0:33:08 to be that hard
    0:33:09 Cher
    0:33:11 It’s sheer
    0:33:13 but he allows
    0:33:14 those of us
    0:33:15 who are language deficient
    0:33:16 to call him care
    0:33:17 but he did
    0:33:18 a beautiful study
    0:33:18 with one of his
    0:33:20 trainees Monica
    0:33:21 and what she did
    0:33:22 is she took
    0:33:23 a bunch of his patients
    0:33:24 that had injuries
    0:33:24 and she either
    0:33:25 had them load
    0:33:26 two days after injury
    0:33:27 or nine days
    0:33:28 after injury
    0:33:29 and then she followed
    0:33:30 them for when they
    0:33:31 got back to sport
    0:33:32 and what she found
    0:33:32 is the ones
    0:33:33 that they loaded
    0:33:33 at day two
    0:33:34 after the injury
    0:33:35 they got back
    0:33:36 25% faster
    0:33:36 than the ones
    0:33:37 that they loaded
    0:33:37 at nine days
    0:33:38 That’s incredible
    0:33:39 That’s typical
    0:33:40 so as you said
    0:33:41 before
    0:33:41 what is our
    0:33:42 standard of care
    0:33:43 our standard of care
    0:33:44 is rice
    0:33:45 okay
    0:33:46 and so
    0:33:47 I’m going to go
    0:33:47 a step further
    0:33:48 if you go
    0:33:49 and you sprain your ankle
    0:33:50 and you go to the doctor
    0:33:52 very good doctor
    0:33:52 very well meaning
    0:33:53 they’re going to
    0:33:53 give you a boot
    0:33:56 and what is a boot
    0:33:57 so I told you
    0:33:59 that a scar forms
    0:33:59 when we get
    0:34:00 stress shielding
    0:34:01 what a boot is
    0:34:02 it is
    0:34:04 a mechanical
    0:34:05 stress shielder
    0:34:06 what it’s designed
    0:34:06 to do
    0:34:07 is to take
    0:34:07 the stress
    0:34:08 off the tissue
    0:34:09 you’ve injured
    0:34:10 if I’ve told you
    0:34:11 that the thing
    0:34:12 that’s going to
    0:34:12 cause that tissue
    0:34:13 to get a scar
    0:34:13 is that you
    0:34:14 take off the tension
    0:34:16 what I’ve just done
    0:34:17 is I’ve made
    0:34:18 the problem worse
    0:34:21 I always tell people
    0:34:22 that the first
    0:34:22 recorded
    0:34:24 immobilizer
    0:34:25 for an ankle
    0:34:26 or a leg
    0:34:26 is from
    0:34:28 Egyptian hieroglyphs
    0:34:28 where they showed
    0:34:28 pictures
    0:34:30 4,500 years ago
    0:34:33 if I took you
    0:34:34 and you said
    0:34:35 you had cancer
    0:34:35 you would not
    0:34:36 want a treatment
    0:34:37 that was developed
    0:34:39 4,500 years ago
    0:34:40 you would hope
    0:34:41 that something new
    0:34:42 has been developed
    0:34:43 in the last
    0:34:44 4,500 years
    0:34:46 that is where we are
    0:34:47 for our orthopedic
    0:34:48 situations
    0:34:49 I understand
    0:34:50 that you cannot
    0:34:51 put full load
    0:34:52 on a surgical repair
    0:34:53 immediately
    0:34:54 but what you can do
    0:34:56 is you can take it out
    0:34:57 at the beginning
    0:34:57 of the day
    0:34:59 you can remove
    0:34:59 it from the boot
    0:35:00 and I can do
    0:35:02 some isometric loads
    0:35:02 with low jerk
    0:35:03 so I’m going to
    0:35:04 develop force slowly
    0:35:06 I am going to make sure
    0:35:07 that there’s zero pain
    0:35:08 and I am going to
    0:35:08 hold that
    0:35:09 and then I’m going to
    0:35:11 let that off slowly
    0:35:12 and I’m going to do that
    0:35:13 4 times
    0:35:13 30 seconds
    0:35:14 now I’ve given load
    0:35:16 and now I can put it
    0:35:17 back into that boot
    0:35:18 stress shield it
    0:35:19 I’m going to take
    0:35:20 the boot off at night
    0:35:20 I’m going to do it again
    0:35:22 just doing that
    0:35:23 I’m getting those
    0:35:24 two loads
    0:35:25 in this case
    0:35:26 the Achilles tendon
    0:35:26 that we’ve ruptured
    0:35:28 now what I’ve done
    0:35:29 is I’ve accelerated
    0:35:30 my return to activity
    0:35:31 massively
    0:35:32 again
    0:35:33 the key is
    0:35:35 we’re not trying to be
    0:35:36 I’m the strongest
    0:35:37 in the world
    0:35:38 we’re trying to say
    0:35:40 I’m putting a little bit
    0:35:41 of load through that
    0:35:42 that is the key
    0:35:44 is that you don’t get
    0:35:44 all caught up
    0:35:46 in the machismo of it
    0:35:46 and you just say
    0:35:48 I just want to feel
    0:35:48 tension
    0:35:50 across the area
    0:35:51 what we say is
    0:35:52 if you can feel
    0:35:53 an ice pick
    0:35:53 that means there’s
    0:35:54 a very specific
    0:35:56 spot that hurts
    0:35:56 stop
    0:35:58 if I feel
    0:35:59 like a warm
    0:36:00 burning area
    0:36:00 like I’m
    0:36:01 muscle soreness
    0:36:02 after exercising
    0:36:04 that’s totally okay
    0:36:05 that kind of soreness
    0:36:07 not point specific pain
    0:36:08 that’s okay
    0:36:09 what we’re doing
    0:36:11 add the load slowly
    0:36:12 hold it
    0:36:13 take the load off slowly
    0:36:15 now what we can do
    0:36:16 is we can get those
    0:36:17 individuals back
    0:36:18 much much much faster
    0:36:25 and now here are the
    0:36:26 bios for all the guests
    0:36:28 my guest who I’ve
    0:36:28 wanted to interview
    0:36:29 for years is
    0:36:31 Brandon Sanderson
    0:36:32 he is the number one
    0:36:32 New York Times
    0:36:33 best-selling author
    0:36:34 of the Stormlight
    0:36:35 Archives series
    0:36:36 and the Mistborn
    0:36:37 Saga
    0:36:38 the middle grade series
    0:36:39 Alcatraz versus
    0:36:40 the Evil Librarians
    0:36:41 and the young adult
    0:36:41 novels
    0:36:42 The Rhythmatist
    0:36:43 The Reckoners
    0:36:44 Trilogy
    0:36:45 and the Skyward
    0:36:45 series
    0:36:46 he has sold
    0:36:47 more than 40 million
    0:36:49 books in 35 languages
    0:36:51 he has architected
    0:36:54 40 million plus dollar
    0:36:55 Kickstarter campaigns
    0:36:56 and he is a four-time
    0:36:57 nominee for the Hugo
    0:36:58 Awards
    0:36:59 winning in 2013
    0:37:00 for his novella
    0:37:02 The Emperor’s Soul
    0:37:03 that same year
    0:37:04 he was chosen
    0:37:04 to complete
    0:37:05 Robert Jordan’s
    0:37:06 The Wheel of Time
    0:37:06 series
    0:37:07 which is a big
    0:37:08 big deal
    0:37:09 culminating in
    0:37:10 A Memory of Light
    0:37:11 Brandon co-hosts
    0:37:12 with fellow author
    0:37:13 Dan Wells
    0:37:13 the popular
    0:37:14 Intentionally Blank
    0:37:15 podcast
    0:37:16 and teaches
    0:37:17 creative writing
    0:37:18 at Brigham Young
    0:37:18 University
    0:37:19 We did this one
    0:37:20 in person
    0:37:21 which made
    0:37:22 all the difference
    0:37:23 in Brandon’s
    0:37:24 massive cavernous
    0:37:25 offices
    0:37:26 right next to
    0:37:27 his warehouse
    0:37:28 it was
    0:37:29 a hell of a ride
    0:37:30 and we covered
    0:37:31 a lot of
    0:37:32 ground
    0:37:33 and a lot
    0:37:34 of really
    0:37:34 nitty gritty
    0:37:36 tactical advice
    0:37:37 related to
    0:37:38 fiction
    0:37:39 business
    0:37:40 publishing
    0:37:41 innovating
    0:37:42 across the board
    0:37:43 how he architected
    0:37:44 his record-breaking
    0:37:45 kickstarter
    0:37:46 campaign
    0:37:47 and much
    0:37:47 much more
    0:37:48 you can find
    0:37:49 him at
    0:37:51 brandonsanderson.com
    0:37:51 that’s
    0:37:53 b-r-a-n-d-o-n
    0:37:54 sanderson.com
    0:37:55 and you can find
    0:37:56 him on
    0:37:56 x-instagram
    0:37:57 and youtube
    0:37:57 at
    0:37:58 brand
    0:37:59 sanderson
    0:37:59 that’s
    0:38:00 b-r-a-n-d
    0:38:01 sanderson
    0:38:02 and I definitely
    0:38:03 recommend checking
    0:38:03 out all of
    0:38:03 those
    0:38:08 my guest
    0:38:09 today
    0:38:10 is a fan
    0:38:10 favorite
    0:38:11 it is
    0:38:11 Seth
    0:38:11 Godin
    0:38:11 the one
    0:38:12 and only
    0:38:12 he is the
    0:38:13 author of
    0:38:13 21
    0:38:14 internationally
    0:38:15 best-selling
    0:38:15 books
    0:38:16 translated into
    0:38:16 more than
    0:38:17 35 languages
    0:38:18 including
    0:38:18 linchpin
    0:38:19 tribes
    0:38:20 the dip
    0:38:20 and purple
    0:38:21 cow
    0:38:22 his latest
    0:38:22 book
    0:38:23 this is
    0:38:24 strategy
    0:38:25 really caught
    0:38:26 my attention
    0:38:27 and it
    0:38:27 offers a
    0:38:28 fresh lens
    0:38:28 on how
    0:38:28 we can
    0:38:29 make bold
    0:38:29 decisions
    0:38:30 embrace
    0:38:30 change
    0:38:31 and navigate
    0:38:32 a complex
    0:38:32 rapidly
    0:38:33 evolving
    0:38:33 world
    0:38:34 we cover
    0:38:34 a ton
    0:38:34 of
    0:38:35 ground
    0:38:36 including
    0:38:36 sets of
    0:38:37 questions
    0:38:37 that you
    0:38:38 can use
    0:38:39 to catalyze
    0:38:40 personal and
    0:38:40 professional
    0:38:41 growth
    0:38:43 maxims
    0:38:43 different
    0:38:43 concepts
    0:38:44 to unpack
    0:38:45 that can
    0:38:46 productively
    0:38:47 shake
    0:38:47 the snow
    0:38:48 globe
    0:38:48 of your
    0:38:48 mind
    0:38:49 so that
    0:38:49 you can
    0:38:49 settle
    0:38:50 on
    0:38:50 new
    0:38:51 realizations
    0:38:51 different
    0:38:52 ways
    0:38:53 to create
    0:38:53 competitive
    0:38:54 advantage
    0:38:54 in an
    0:38:55 increasingly
    0:38:55 crowded
    0:38:56 world
    0:38:57 Seth
    0:38:57 is also
    0:38:57 the
    0:38:57 founder
    0:38:58 of the
    0:38:58 alt
    0:38:58 MBA
    0:38:59 and
    0:38:59 the
    0:38:59 akimbo
    0:39:00 workshops
    0:39:01 transformative
    0:39:01 online
    0:39:02 programs
    0:39:02 that have
    0:39:02 helped
    0:39:03 thousands
    0:39:03 of people
    0:39:03 take their
    0:39:04 work to
    0:39:04 the next
    0:39:04 level
    0:39:05 his blog
    0:39:07 Seths.blog
    0:39:10 is one of
    0:39:10 the most
    0:39:10 widely read
    0:39:11 in the world
    0:39:12 and has
    0:39:12 been such
    0:39:13 for a
    0:39:14 very long
    0:39:14 time
    0:39:15 Seth is
    0:39:16 also the
    0:39:16 creator
    0:39:17 of the
    0:39:17 Carbon
    0:39:18 Almanac
    0:39:18 a global
    0:39:19 initiative
    0:39:19 focused on
    0:39:20 climate
    0:39:20 action
    0:39:21 this is a
    0:39:22 very practical
    0:39:22 episode
    0:39:24 as all
    0:39:24 of Seth’s
    0:39:24 are
    0:39:25 on this
    0:39:26 podcast
    0:39:27 and I’ll
    0:39:27 leave it
    0:39:28 at that
    0:39:32 my guest
    0:39:33 today is
    0:39:33 L.A.
    0:39:34 Paul
    0:39:35 L.A.
    0:39:35 Paul is
    0:39:35 the
    0:39:36 Millstone
    0:39:36 family
    0:39:36 professor
    0:39:37 of
    0:39:37 philosophy
    0:39:38 and
    0:39:38 professor
    0:39:38 of
    0:39:39 cognitive
    0:39:39 science
    0:39:39 at
    0:39:40 Yale
    0:39:40 University
    0:39:41 where she
    0:39:42 leads the
    0:39:42 self and
    0:39:43 society
    0:39:43 initiative
    0:39:44 for the
    0:39:44 Wu
    0:39:45 Institute
    0:39:46 her research
    0:39:47 explores
    0:39:47 questions about
    0:39:48 the nature
    0:39:48 of the
    0:39:48 self and
    0:39:49 decision
    0:39:49 making
    0:39:49 and the
    0:39:50 metaphysics
    0:39:50 and cognitive
    0:39:51 science of
    0:39:51 time
    0:39:53 cause and
    0:39:53 experience
    0:39:54 now that’s a
    0:39:54 mouthful but
    0:39:55 we also get
    0:39:56 into vampire
    0:39:56 thought
    0:39:57 experiments
    0:39:58 how to
    0:39:59 decide or
    0:39:59 how to
    0:39:59 think about
    0:40:00 deciding
    0:40:01 whether or
    0:40:01 not to
    0:40:01 have a
    0:40:02 kid
    0:40:02 that is
    0:40:03 children
    0:40:04 and many
    0:40:05 other things
    0:40:05 you can
    0:40:06 apply to
    0:40:06 your own
    0:40:07 lives
    0:40:08 L.A.
    0:40:08 Paul is
    0:40:08 also the
    0:40:09 recipient of
    0:40:10 fellowships from
    0:40:10 the Guggenheim
    0:40:11 Foundation
    0:40:11 the National
    0:40:12 Humanities
    0:40:12 Center
    0:40:13 and the
    0:40:13 Australian
    0:40:13 National
    0:40:14 University
    0:40:15 she is the
    0:40:15 author of
    0:40:16 transformative
    0:40:17 experience
    0:40:17 that’s how I
    0:40:18 was introduced
    0:40:18 to her work
    0:40:19 and co-author of
    0:40:20 causation
    0:40:21 a user’s guide
    0:40:21 which was
    0:40:22 awarded the
    0:40:22 American
    0:40:23 philosophical
    0:40:24 association
    0:40:24 Sanders
    0:40:25 book prize
    0:40:26 her work on
    0:40:27 transformative
    0:40:27 experience has
    0:40:28 been covered
    0:40:28 by the
    0:40:28 New York
    0:40:28 Times
    0:40:29 Wall Street
    0:40:29 Journal
    0:40:30 The Guardian
    0:40:31 NPR
    0:40:31 and the
    0:40:31 BBC
    0:40:32 among others
    0:40:33 and in
    0:40:33 2024
    0:40:34 she was
    0:40:35 profiled by
    0:40:35 The New
    0:40:36 Yorker
    0:40:36 which is
    0:40:36 also an
    0:40:37 amazing read
    0:40:37 that I
    0:40:38 recommend
    0:40:38 she’s
    0:40:39 currently
    0:40:39 working on
    0:40:39 a book
    0:40:40 about
    0:40:40 self
    0:40:40 construction
    0:40:41 transformative
    0:40:42 experience
    0:40:42 humility
    0:40:43 and fear
    0:40:44 of mental
    0:40:45 corruption
    0:40:46 fundamentally
    0:40:46 this conversation
    0:40:47 focuses on
    0:40:49 how you can
    0:40:50 make decisions
    0:40:51 or think about
    0:40:51 making decisions
    0:40:52 where the
    0:40:53 person you are
    0:40:54 now is not
    0:40:54 the same
    0:40:54 person you
    0:40:56 are afterwards
    0:40:57 and the
    0:40:59 most resonant
    0:41:00 example of
    0:41:00 that is
    0:41:01 deciding
    0:41:01 whether or
    0:41:02 not to
    0:41:02 have
    0:41:03 children
    0:41:08 my
    0:41:08 guest
    0:41:08 today
    0:41:09 is
    0:41:09 Dr.
    0:41:09 Keith
    0:41:10 Barr
    0:41:10 he
    0:41:11 is
    0:41:11 a
    0:41:11 professor
    0:41:12 at the
    0:41:12 University
    0:41:12 of
    0:41:13 California
    0:41:13 Davis
    0:41:13 in the
    0:41:14 Department
    0:41:14 of
    0:41:14 Physiology
    0:41:15 and
    0:41:16 Membrane
    0:41:16 Biology
    0:41:17 we get
    0:41:17 into
    0:41:18 so many
    0:41:19 facets
    0:41:20 of exercise
    0:41:21 what you
    0:41:21 can use
    0:41:21 today
    0:41:23 that is
    0:41:23 counterintuitive
    0:41:25 I
    0:41:26 had my
    0:41:26 mind
    0:41:26 blown
    0:41:26 I took
    0:41:27 so many
    0:41:27 notes
    0:41:28 we talked
    0:41:28 about
    0:41:29 isometric
    0:41:30 exercise
    0:41:30 for tendon
    0:41:31 health
    0:41:32 optimizing
    0:41:32 different
    0:41:33 protocols
    0:41:34 debunking
    0:41:34 on some
    0:41:34 level
    0:41:35 eccentric
    0:41:36 training
    0:41:36 specifically
    0:41:37 for connective
    0:41:37 tissue
    0:41:39 how to load
    0:41:39 post injury
    0:41:40 or surgery
    0:41:40 collagen
    0:41:41 supplementation
    0:41:42 things like
    0:41:43 BPC 157
    0:41:44 pharmaceutical
    0:41:45 impacts on
    0:41:46 tendons
    0:41:46 estrogen’s
    0:41:47 role
    0:41:48 in tendon
    0:41:48 health
    0:41:49 and strength
    0:41:50 mitochondria
    0:41:50 ketogenic
    0:41:51 diet
    0:41:51 longevity
    0:41:52 inflammation
    0:41:53 and taking
    0:41:54 a balanced
    0:41:54 perspective
    0:41:55 on all
    0:41:55 of these
    0:41:55 things
    0:41:55 how do
    0:41:56 you use
    0:41:56 them
    0:41:56 we get
    0:41:56 into
    0:41:57 exact
    0:41:58 training
    0:41:58 protocols
    0:41:59 that rock
    0:41:59 climbers
    0:42:00 use
    0:42:01 it is
    0:42:01 an amazing
    0:42:02 episode
    0:42:02 and that’s
    0:42:03 not
    0:42:03 because of
    0:42:03 me
    0:42:03 it’s
    0:42:04 because
    0:42:04 of
    0:42:05 Keith
    0:42:05 so let
    0:42:05 me give
    0:42:06 you a
    0:42:06 quick bio
    0:42:06 and then
    0:42:07 we’ll hop
    0:42:07 right into
    0:42:07 it
    0:42:08 during his
    0:42:09 PhD studies
    0:42:09 his research
    0:42:10 revealed
    0:42:10 that the
    0:42:11 mechanical
    0:42:11 strain
    0:42:12 on muscle
    0:42:12 fibers
    0:42:12 activates
    0:42:13 the
    0:42:13 mammalian
    0:42:14 target
    0:42:14 of
    0:42:15 rapamycin
    0:42:15 some of
    0:42:16 you may
    0:42:16 know
    0:42:16 that
    0:42:16 as
    0:42:17 mTOR
    0:42:18 signaling
    0:42:18 pathway
    0:42:18 a crucial
    0:42:19 regulator
    0:42:19 of
    0:42:20 muscular
    0:42:21 hypertrophy
    0:42:21 or muscle
    0:42:21 growth
    0:42:22 so he knows
    0:42:22 a lot
    0:42:23 about muscle
    0:42:23 growth
    0:42:23 he’s been
    0:42:24 a strength
    0:42:24 training
    0:42:24 coach
    0:42:25 as well
    0:42:26 subsequently
    0:42:26 he studied
    0:42:27 the molecular
    0:42:27 dynamics
    0:42:31 of
    0:42:31 Dr.
    0:42:32 John
    0:42:32 Halazi
    0:42:33 a legend
    0:42:33 in the
    0:42:33 field
    0:42:33 of
    0:42:34 exercise
    0:42:34 physiology
    0:42:35 considered
    0:42:36 the father
    0:42:36 of modern
    0:42:37 exercise
    0:42:38 biochemistry
    0:42:39 building on
    0:42:39 all of this
    0:42:40 he conducted
    0:42:40 research
    0:42:41 into tendon
    0:42:41 health
    0:42:41 and the
    0:42:42 potential
    0:42:42 for
    0:42:42 engineering
    0:42:43 ligaments
    0:42:44 that is
    0:42:44 creating
    0:42:45 ligaments
    0:42:45 in the
    0:42:46 lab
    0:42:47 upon which
    0:42:47 he can
    0:42:47 test
    0:42:48 all sorts
    0:42:48 of
    0:42:48 things
    0:42:49 which
    0:42:49 could
    0:42:49 also
    0:42:49 have
    0:42:49 implications
    0:42:50 for
    0:42:50 treatment
    0:42:50 and
    0:42:51 recovery
    0:42:51 from
    0:42:51 injuries
    0:42:52 Dr.
    0:42:52 Barr
    0:42:53 now runs
    0:42:53 the
    0:42:53 functional
    0:42:54 molecular
    0:42:55 biology
    0:42:55 lab
    0:42:55 at UC
    0:42:56 Davis
    0:42:56 his
    0:42:56 lab’s
    0:42:57 work
    0:42:57 ranges
    0:42:57 from
    0:42:58 studying
    0:42:58 molecular
    0:42:59 changes
    0:42:59 in
    0:42:59 our
    0:42:59 cells
    0:42:59 to
    0:43:00 conducting
    0:43:00 studies
    0:43:01 to
    0:43:01 affect
    0:43:01 real
    0:43:02 world
    0:43:02 improvements
    0:43:02 and
    0:43:03 people’s
    0:43:03 health
    0:43:04 longevity
    0:43:04 and
    0:43:04 quality
    0:43:04 of
    0:43:05 life
    0:43:05 you can
    0:43:06 find him
    0:43:06 on
    0:43:06 blue sky
    0:43:07 as
    0:43:08 muscle
    0:43:08 science
    0:43:09 you can
    0:43:09 find him
    0:43:09 on the
    0:43:10 UC
    0:43:10 Davis
    0:43:10 website
    0:43:10 we’ll
    0:43:11 link
    0:43:11 to
    0:43:28 again
    0:43:28 again
    0:43:28 just
    0:43:28 one
    0:43:28 more
    0:43:29 thing
    0:43:29 before
    0:43:29 you
    0:43:29 take
    0:43:30 off
    0:43:30 and
    0:43:30 that
    0:43:30 is
    0:43:31 five
    0:43:31 bullet
    0:43:32 Friday
    0:43:33 would
    0:43:33 you
    0:43:33 enjoy
    0:43:33 getting
    0:43:34 a short
    0:43:34 email
    0:43:34 from me
    0:43:34 every
    0:43:35 Friday
    0:43:35 that
    0:43:35 provides
    0:43:36 a little
    0:43:36 fun
    0:43:37 before
    0:43:37 the
    0:43:37 weekend
    0:43:38 between
    0:43:38 one
    0:43:38 and a
    0:43:39 half
    0:43:39 and
    0:43:39 two
    0:43:39 million
    0:43:39 people
    0:43:40 subscribe
    0:43:40 to my
    0:43:41 free
    0:43:41 newsletter
    0:43:41 my
    0:43:42 super
    0:43:42 short
    0:43:43 newsletter
    0:43:43 called
    0:43:43 five
    0:43:44 bullet
    0:43:44 Friday
    0:43:44 easy
    0:43:45 to
    0:43:45 sign
    0:43:45 up
    0:43:45 easy
    0:43:46 to
    0:43:46 cancel
    0:43:47 it
    0:43:47 is
    0:43:47 basically
    0:43:48 a
    0:43:48 half
    0:43:49 page
    0:43:49 that
    0:43:49 I
    0:43:49 send
    0:43:50 out
    0:43:50 every
    0:43:51 Friday
    0:44:05 to
    0:44:05 get
    0:44:06 sent
    0:44:06 to
    0:44:06 me
    0:44:06 by
    0:44:07 my
    0:44:07 friends
    0:44:07 including
    0:44:07 a lot
    0:44:08 of
    0:44:08 podcast
    0:44:09 guests
    0:44:10 and
    0:44:10 these
    0:44:11 strange
    0:44:11 esoteric
    0:44:11 things
    0:44:12 end up
    0:44:12 in my
    0:44:12 field
    0:44:13 and
    0:44:13 then
    0:44:14 I
    0:44:14 test
    0:44:14 them
    0:44:14 and
    0:44:15 then
    0:44:15 I
    0:44:15 share
    0:44:15 them
    0:44:16 with
    0:44:16 you
    0:44:17 so
    0:44:17 if
    0:44:17 that
    0:44:17 sounds
    0:44:18 fun
    0:44:18 again
    0:44:19 it’s
    0:44:19 very
    0:44:19 short
    0:44:20 a
    0:44:20 little
    0:44:20 tiny
    0:44:20 bite
    0:44:20 of
    0:44:21 goodness
    0:44:21 before
    0:44:21 you
    0:44:22 head
    0:44:22 off
    0:44:22 for
    0:44:22 the
    0:44:23 weekend
    0:44:23 something
    0:44:23 to
    0:44:23 think
    0:44:24 about
    0:44:24 if
    0:44:24 you’d
    0:44:25 like
    0:44:25 to
    0:44:25 try
    0:44:25 it
    0:44:25 out
    0:44:26 just
    0:44:26 go to
    0:44:26 tim.blog
    0:44:27 slash
    0:44:27 Friday
    0:44:28 type that
    0:44:28 into your
    0:44:28 browser
    0:44:30 tim.blog
    0:44:30 slash
    0:44:31 Friday
    0:44:32 drop in your
    0:44:32 email
    0:44:32 and you’ll get
    0:44:33 the very
    0:44:33 next one
    0:44:34 thanks for
    0:44:34 listening

    This is a special inbetweenisode, which serves as a recap of the episodes from last month. It features a short clip from each conversation in one place so you can easily jump around to get a feel for the episode and guest.

    Based on your feedback, this format has been tweaked and improved since the first recap episode. For instance, listeners suggested that the bios for each guest can slow the momentum, so we moved all the bios to the end. 

    See it as a teaser. Something to whet your appetite. If you like what you hear, you can of course find the full episodes at tim.blog/podcast

    Please enjoy! 

    This episode is brought to you by 5-Bullet Friday, my very own email newsletter.

    Timestamps:

    Brandon Sanderson: 03:24

    Seth Godin: 12:08

    L.A. Paul: 21:08

    Dr. Keith Baar: 31:53

    Full episode titles:

    #794: Brandon Sanderson on Building a Fiction Empire, Creating $40M+ Kickstarter Campaigns, Unbreakable Habits, The Art of World-Building, and The Science of Magic Systems

    #792: Seth Godin on Playing the Right Game and Strategy as a Superpower

    #796: L.A. Paul — On Becoming a Vampire, Whether or Not to Have Kids, Getting Incredible Mentorship for $250, Transformative Experiences, and More

    #797: Dr. Keith Baar, UC Davis — Simple Exercises That Can Repair Tendons (Tennis Elbow, etc.), Collagen Fact vs. Fiction, Isometrics vs. Eccentrics, JAK Inhibitors, Growth Hormone vs. IGF-1, The Anti-RICE Protocol, and How to Use Load as an Anti-Inflammatory

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  • #800: Ev Williams — The Art of Pivoting (e.g., Odeo to Twitter), Strategic Quitting, The Dangers of Premature Scaling, Must-Read Books, and More

    #800: Ev Williams — The Art of Pivoting (e.g., Odeo to Twitter), Strategic Quitting, The Dangers of Premature Scaling, Must-Read Books, and More

    AI transcript
    0:00:04 Hello, boys and girls, ladies and germs. This is Tim Ferriss, and welcome to another episode
    0:00:09 of The Tim Ferriss Show, where it is my job, each interview, to deconstruct world-class
    0:00:15 performers, to tease out the habits, routines, influences, and resources that you can apply
    0:00:19 to your own lives from people from every discipline imaginable, ranging from entertainment
    0:00:25 to the military to technology and beyond. Today, my guest is Ev Williams, and what a
    0:00:30 story he has. Ev is the co-founder and chairman of Mosey, a new social network that helps
    0:00:36 you connect in person with the people you care about most. Over the past 25 years, Ev has
    0:00:41 co-founded several companies that have helped shape the modern internet, including Blogger,
    0:00:46 Medium, and Twitter. Ev is also the co-founder of Obvious Ventures, an investment firm that
    0:00:51 focuses on world-positive companies addressing major systemic problems. Ev grew up on a farm
    0:00:57 in Clarks, Nebraska, has two sons, and lives mostly in the Bay Area. This particular episode,
    0:01:05 this conversation was recorded live in Austin, Texas, at the Dignation relaunch. That’s Dignation.show
    0:01:11 for the show itself, and that is where Dign.com was relaunched. It was recently acquired by its
    0:01:17 original founder, my good friend Kevin Rose, and Reddit co-founder Alexis Ohanian, formerly
    0:01:22 arch-nemeses, but they have joined forces and invited me along for all the fun and surprises
    0:01:28 as they celebrated the relaunch. Go to Dign.com and sign up to get early access when the invites
    0:01:36 go out. One more time, Dign.com, that’s D-I-G-G.com. You can find Mosey, that is Ev’s newest creation,
    0:01:42 at Mosey.app. That’s available on iOS right now. You can find Obvious Ventures at Obvious.com,
    0:01:49 and you can find him on Twitter. That is also known as X, at Ev, at E-V. We’re going to get
    0:01:54 right into this wide-ranging conversation with just a few words first from the people who make
    0:02:00 this podcast possible. I am always on the hunt for protein sources that don’t require sacrifices
    0:02:06 in taste or nutrition. I don’t want to eat sawdust. I also don’t want a candy bar that’s disguised as a
    0:02:11 protein bar. And that’s why I love the protein bars from today’s sponsor, David. They are my go-to
    0:02:17 protein source on the run. I throw them in my bag whenever I am in doubt that I might be able to get
    0:02:21 a good source of protein. And with David protein bars, you get the fewest calories for the most
    0:02:28 protein ever. David has 28 grams of protein, 150 calories, and zero grams of sugar. I was actually
    0:02:34 first introduced to them by my friend Peter Atiyah, MD, who is their chief science officer. Many of you
    0:02:40 know of Peter, and he really does his due diligence on everything. And on top of that, David tastes great.
    0:02:46 Their bars come in six delicious flavors. They’re all worth trying. And as I mentioned before, I will
    0:02:51 grab a few of those from running out the door if I think I might end up in a situation where I can’t
    0:02:56 get sufficient protein. And why is that important? Well, adequate protein intake is critical for building
    0:03:03 and preserving muscle mass, especially as we age. And one of the biggest things that you want to pay
    0:03:07 attention to is counteracting sarcopenia, age-related muscle loss. And for that, you need
    0:03:13 enough protein. When in doubt, up your protein. Protein is also the most satiating macronutrient.
    0:03:18 What does that mean? It means that protein out of carbohydrates, fat, and protein inhibits your
    0:03:23 appetite while also feeding all the things you want to feed, which helps you consume fewer calories
    0:03:27 throughout the day. You’re less inclined to eat garbage. All of that contributes to fat loss and
    0:03:32 reducing the risk of various diseases. And now, you guys, listeners of The Tim Ferriss Show,
    0:03:38 who buy four boxes, get a fifth box for free. You can check it out. You can also buy one box at a
    0:03:45 time. Try them for yourself at davidprotein.com slash tim. Learn all about it. That’s davidprotein.com
    0:03:50 slash tim to get a free box with a four-box purchase or simply learn more. Check it out.
    0:03:52 davidprotein.com slash tim.
    0:04:01 I want to give my pooch, Molly, the best of everything. She is my companion. She is my guardian.
    0:04:07 She’s been with me for almost 10 years now, 24-7. I want to give her the absolute best,
    0:04:12 and that includes food, especially food. It is the bedrock of her health. That’s why I give her
    0:04:17 Sundays for Dogs, this episode’s sponsor. Sundays is air-dried, which locks in more nutrition and
    0:04:21 flavor than other cooking methods, while also making it ultra-convenient to store, scoop, and
    0:04:26 serve. As you guys know, I’m on the road all the time, and Sundays is convenient. I no longer have
    0:04:31 to spend time prepping meals or figuring out what is best for Molly. I’d rather spend that time playing
    0:04:35 or hiking with her. I’m in the mountains right now. She wants to be in the snow. Sundays for Dogs
    0:04:41 meets or surpasses industry standards using high-quality ingredients. That’s the focus. Not through
    0:04:46 synthetic vitamins, which is what most other dog food companies do. Sundays knows your pup is an
    0:04:51 important member of your family, so they only use USDA-grade meat, which is fit for human consumption.
    0:04:59 So, check it out. Get 50% off of your first order of Sundays. Go to sundaysfordogs.com slash Tim,
    0:05:09 or use code Tim at checkout. That’s S-U-N-D-A-Y-S-F-O-R-D-O-G-S dot com slash Tim, sundaysfordogs.com slash Tim.
    0:05:16 Optimal minimal. At this altitude, I can run flat out for a half mile before my hands start
    0:05:21 shaking. Can I ask you a personal question? Now would it seem an appropriate time? What
    0:05:25 if I did the opposite? I’m a cybernetic organism living tissue over a metal endoskeleton.
    0:05:44 Hello, hello. Good Lord. Wow. I can’t see anything because there’s so many lights, but thank you for coming.
    0:05:55 I’m Kevin Rose. Tonight is going to be a really fun night. A lot of surprises, a lot of fun. In 2004,
    0:06:02 when I was first out here, I would pull up my cell phone and I would text a number, which was…
    0:06:04 What number was it?
    0:06:11 4444, which was for Twitter. And you would say, I’m going to be at this bar or this is what I’m eating,
    0:06:16 which is basically what you would say back then. And people would show up and it was awesome.
    0:06:24 So it is really cool to have this kind of throwback, this time, this new reboot in many ways.
    0:06:34 And to kick it off, I have an old, old wooden friend, as an Anchorman reference, Tim Ferriss, who is here.
    0:06:42 We were reminiscing on the old times. He had more hair back then. I had less gray hair.
    0:06:49 And for Ev, we were texting things, not using apps. So Ev Williams, co-founder of Twitter and Tim Ferriss.
    0:06:55 Hey, everybody. Hey, guys. Good evening.
    0:07:01 Welcome to Austin. Beautiful, beautiful, warm Austin.
    0:07:05 You guys ready for a fun night? I have my party pants on.
    0:07:13 And it’s nostalgic to be here because the last time I was in this venue was probably 2007,
    0:07:17 I think, for a Dignation event. May have been a little bit earlier.
    0:07:20 Oh, Stubbs. Excuse me, Mohawk.
    0:07:24 That’s my early-onset dementia kicking in yet again.
    0:07:26 So we’re going to pretend that didn’t happen.
    0:07:34 And we’re going to move on to discussing cutting-edge technology with Ev right here.
    0:07:37 And I know the question you all want to ask, which is,
    0:07:41 what is the past, present, and future of VHS?
    0:07:46 And we’re going to begin with your history with VHS.
    0:07:48 Great. Thanks, Tim.
    0:07:49 Hey, everybody.
    0:07:52 I don’t get asked about VHS enough these days.
    0:07:53 In fact, I don’t even know what it stands for.
    0:07:56 I think what Tim is referring to is my very first internet product.
    0:07:57 That’s right.
    0:08:04 Which was a video cassette that was about how to use the internet.
    0:08:06 You watched it on your TV.
    0:08:11 The year was 1994, folks.
    0:08:15 This is, it wasn’t that odd for the time,
    0:08:18 but how are you going to learn about computers on the computer when you don’t have the internet?
    0:08:23 So I made a tape in my basement with my college buddies,
    0:08:27 and that was my very first internet product.
    0:08:34 It was two hours, basically, of me explaining how to FTP by terminal.
    0:08:36 I think I talked about the web for about three minutes.
    0:08:38 You know, there’s this new thing called the web.
    0:08:43 So we’re talking Usenet, Gopher, that type of stuff.
    0:08:45 Did it sell well?
    0:08:45 Was it a bestseller?
    0:08:54 I think we broke even on a very low budget production.
    0:08:57 So you’re known for a lot of different things.
    0:08:59 Blogger, Twitter, you now have Mosey.
    0:09:02 And I wanted to ask you, because here we are in person.
    0:09:04 How nice is that?
    0:09:04 Remember COVID?
    0:09:08 It’s easy to take things like this for granted.
    0:09:11 And I wanted to talk about relationships,
    0:09:21 I imagine how you think about relationships, cultivating relationships, using technology to enhance relationships may have changed over time.
    0:09:25 Could you just walk us through, perhaps, that trajectory?
    0:09:32 Yeah, we were talking earlier today, actually, about social media and social, how the word social has changed.
    0:09:38 Remember when social used to mean, like, getting together in real life, getting to know people?
    0:09:42 And now the social is just this catch-all word that kind of just means the internet.
    0:09:50 That was, I think, an evolution that started in maybe Facebook days.
    0:09:58 Facebook was actually, in the news feed, was, I think, a social media new format, really, because it was media from people you knew.
    0:10:00 We borrowed from some of that for Twitter.
    0:10:02 We also borrowed from blogs for Twitter.
    0:10:05 But Twitter, we never saw as necessarily social.
    0:10:08 I wasn’t very focused on social, personally.
    0:10:15 I think that’s the somewhat ironic thing is that I come from a very small town in Nebraska, on the farm, didn’t know a lot of people.
    0:10:19 And maybe subconsciously, I liked the internet because I actually wanted to make friends.
    0:10:22 But I didn’t know that at the time.
    0:10:28 So, in all these technologies, I was really focused on information and ideas until fairly recently.
    0:10:31 This current stage of life, I don’t want to say later stage of life.
    0:10:34 The golden years.
    0:10:35 That was golden years.
    0:10:39 I started thinking a lot more about relationships.
    0:10:49 And I personally had under-invested in relationships and over-invested, I think, in just, like, maybe business.
    0:10:49 Yeah.
    0:10:51 So, yeah, I’ve been thinking about that a lot lately.
    0:10:59 You seem to me to be a thoughtful, you don’t seem, you are a very thoughtful, I want to say systematic guy.
    0:11:06 How have you translated thinking about maybe countering the trend of under-investing in relationships?
    0:11:07 Have you done anything?
    0:11:08 I started a company.
    0:11:13 Let’s hear about it, because I’m sure there are people here who have it.
    0:11:21 I started a company called Mosey within the last year, and Mosey is an app for finding out where your friends are and getting together.
    0:11:28 We like to say it’s actually a social app, because it’s really about getting together with friends by knowing where they are.
    0:11:29 So, I’m in Austin.
    0:11:31 Who do I know in Austin?
    0:11:32 I know a bunch of people in Austin.
    0:11:37 I may have forgotten who I know in Austin, but Mosey tells me who’s in Austin, tells me what they’re doing, that type of thing.
    0:11:42 The way I look back on some of the early ideas about social and the internet is, of course, we connected with people.
    0:11:44 We’ve all made friends through the internet.
    0:11:47 We’ve built meaning relationships or maintained relationships.
    0:11:51 We’re wired to be deeply social, but that wiring was way before screens.
    0:11:55 And that wiring to be social didn’t happen in public.
    0:12:02 And so, Mosey is a very simple idea where we said, well, what would an actual social network look like?
    0:12:04 And so, that’s what we’re building.
    0:12:20 So, I want to edge into a question about sort of initial product design and what your expectations might be just by rewinding the clock a little bit and talking about Odeo a little bit.
    0:12:27 So, I’ve read about board meetings, and you’ll have to tell a bit of the context related to Odeo, in which you’re presenting usage metrics at the time.
    0:12:30 It wasn’t growing, but it wasn’t dead.
    0:12:32 Maybe it was semi-growing.
    0:12:47 And as a lot of people here read in the media, as they used to see on magazine covers, the stories of perseverance against all odds, it failed 100 times, but then we succeeded the 101st time, get a lot of airplay.
    0:12:56 But I think that something that doesn’t get as much attention is strategic stopping or strategic quitting.
    0:13:00 Sometimes it doesn’t make sense to keep beating your head against a wall.
    0:13:04 So, could you take us back to Odeo and walk us through that experience?
    0:13:13 Yeah, so Odeo was a podcasting company that I co-founded in 2005, which, if you recall, was pre-iPhone.
    0:13:17 So, and not to correct Kevin, but Twitter was 2007 when it was here.
    0:13:19 So, this was before Twitter.
    0:13:22 And podcasting seemed cool.
    0:13:24 I don’t know if you’ve heard about it, Tim.
    0:13:30 But we’re like, let’s build a platform for podcasts.
    0:13:34 And we worked on it for maybe six months.
    0:13:35 We raised some money.
    0:13:44 Because I had previously sold the company to Google, I was fortunate enough to get some VC funding before we even had a product, which turns out isn’t always fortunate.
    0:13:47 So, we had high expectations from kind of get-go.
    0:13:49 This is in 2005.
    0:13:57 Apple released podcasts in iTunes that summer in 2005, which completely blew us away.
    0:13:58 It was totally unexpected.
    0:14:04 This is very, very early for podcasts, even though the name comes from the iPod.
    0:14:09 And they basically obsoleted what we had been doing for six to nine months overnight.
    0:14:14 Then we, you know, we were like, oh, maybe we create a podcast creation tool.
    0:14:16 You know, we were trying to pivot and whatnot.
    0:14:21 And I think I just came to the conclusion at some point.
    0:14:27 The way Biz Stone tells the story is that I wrote this big strategic doc about how to succeed in the podcasting business.
    0:14:32 And it was very convincing about the pivot we could do and to do.
    0:14:34 And I was like, I don’t want to do this.
    0:14:39 And so, I went to investors and said, I don’t think this company is on a great trajectory.
    0:14:40 Maybe we should just stop.
    0:14:41 But that was unusual.
    0:14:45 This is kind of pivoting now, of course, is taken for granted.
    0:14:47 That your idea isn’t right the first time out.
    0:14:49 That was less assumed back then.
    0:14:51 So, I was embarrassed.
    0:14:53 I was like, I said I was going to start a podcasting company.
    0:14:54 And I raised this money.
    0:14:56 I have these employees.
    0:14:56 I have these investors.
    0:14:59 But I don’t believe in it.
    0:15:00 I don’t believe in this vision anymore.
    0:15:03 Even though it wasn’t dead, as you said.
    0:15:10 Was the reason you didn’t believe in it based on the emergence of iTunes and what that represented?
    0:15:11 Or was there more to it?
    0:15:13 I wasn’t that into it personally.
    0:15:15 I wasn’t a podcaster.
    0:15:17 And I think that was another principle that I’ve learned over and over.
    0:15:21 is I think some people can build products for other people.
    0:15:23 And thank goodness they do.
    0:15:25 But I just build products for myself.
    0:15:28 And I was like, I don’t know.
    0:15:30 I don’t know what the product is here.
    0:15:31 We need to build that I want.
    0:15:42 But I think to your question about strategic quitting, I think a ton of companies and a ton of people just get in these life situations where they just keep going.
    0:15:43 And that’s certainly what I was taught.
    0:15:50 In fact, Blogger, which is the company I sold to Google, I completely ran out of money after the dot-com bust.
    0:15:56 I had to lay off all my employees, was barely able to pay my rent, and kept working on it, kept working on it, kept working on it.
    0:15:59 Eventually sold it to Google very happily.
    0:16:04 And to me, I was like, yes, that is the triumph of perseverance, and that’s why you should stick to things.
    0:16:07 And then Odeo, thankfully, we didn’t.
    0:16:10 We did create another company out of that.
    0:16:14 But I think this idea of it’s okay to quit is underappreciated.
    0:16:17 And the main reason, everyone knows about sunk cost fallacy.
    0:16:21 There’s a great book, by the way, by Andy Duke called Quit, which I highly recommend.
    0:16:28 And it actually was part of the reason a couple years ago I stepped down from Medium, which is my last company I was running for a long time.
    0:16:30 And I quit my job.
    0:16:31 The company is still going.
    0:16:36 But I was like, I realized that I was just working as, like, it was ego.
    0:16:37 It was pride.
    0:16:39 It was expectations of other people.
    0:16:49 And the book is really great, if you don’t know it, because it just points out all the reasons beyond sunk cost fallacy that people do things way longer than it makes sense to do them.
    0:16:52 And the biggest thing is they underestimate opportunity costs.
    0:16:58 If you’re working on one thing, and there’s identity and ego and all those other things, but it’s like you don’t know what else there is.
    0:17:04 Until you clear that your attention away from the thing that you’ve been struggling with.
    0:17:11 And so I think if you’re in a situation where it feels like a slog, quitting is probably a good idea.
    0:17:18 So Andy Duke, for people who might not recognize the name, well-known poker player, also wrote Thinking in Bets, I believe.
    0:17:31 So let me ask you then, if you look back now, hindsight 2020, at Ev, who persevered with Blogger and then ended up selling it to Google at a very good time to get Google equity.
    0:17:41 Did he just get lucky, did he just get lucky in that perseverance, or was there some type of scent trail that in retrospect you can say, well, it was actually the right thing to do at that time?
    0:17:49 I’ve struggled with this because I don’t have a clean way to understand it, but I think one big difference is I believed in the vision of Blogger the whole time.
    0:17:54 And that was where Odio was like, I’m keep coming to work and make it succeed.
    0:18:01 It was also, I was lucky because Blogger being my first real company, and I was a little bit younger.
    0:18:07 I believed in the vision, but I also just was petrified of failing.
    0:18:09 I just couldn’t accept that possibility for myself.
    0:18:11 I also didn’t have a lot of other prospects.
    0:18:13 I’d never really had a job.
    0:18:14 I didn’t have a degree.
    0:18:20 The dot-com boom was like, well, I don’t know what the hell else I’m going to do if I don’t make this succeed.
    0:18:22 So I’m going to stick with it.
    0:18:23 But it didn’t really make sense.
    0:18:25 So that speaks to your prior comment about the opportunity cost.
    0:18:26 Yeah.
    0:18:26 Right?
    0:18:27 Exactly.
    0:18:28 Actually, good point.
    0:18:28 Yeah.
    0:18:29 Yeah.
    0:18:32 Like your opportunity cost was not as high, maybe, at that point.
    0:18:33 Fair.
    0:18:34 Yeah.
    0:18:35 By pursuing something else.
    0:18:35 Yeah.
    0:18:37 So you mentioned something came out of Odeo.
    0:18:38 What came out of Odeo?
    0:18:40 A company called Twitter.
    0:18:42 I still call it that.
    0:18:43 I don’t know about you guys.
    0:18:48 How did that happen?
    0:18:55 Well, the investors, thankfully, my board, I went to board and said, this is my honest assessment of Odeo.
    0:19:01 And they, as good investors do, said, well, we didn’t believe in investing in podcasting.
    0:19:02 We invest in you.
    0:19:03 You have a great team.
    0:19:05 You got any other ideas?
    0:19:10 And I thought, hmm, I must have other ideas.
    0:19:14 So I always prided myself on having ideas.
    0:19:16 But I went back to the team and said, I don’t have any ideas.
    0:19:17 You guys got any ideas?
    0:19:23 And we ended up doing a hackathon where we basically, for a couple weeks.
    0:19:25 So an internal hackathon.
    0:19:26 Internal hackathon.
    0:19:27 Where we just said, hey, let’s all break into teams.
    0:19:29 How many employees did you have at the time?
    0:19:32 I think it was around 12, 12, 14, something like that.
    0:19:34 People worked on a bunch of stuff.
    0:19:41 A lot of it was related because we were doing audio and, you know, recording in the browser with flash and stuff like that.
    0:19:47 Again, pre-smartphone, but we were dabbling with text messaging.
    0:19:55 And there’s a couple of the engineers that were familiar with how to send text messages on mass, which was little known at that time.
    0:19:58 There was no real APIs for that.
    0:20:01 And so people were trying a lot of things along those lines.
    0:20:04 Maybe we send an audio voice memo.
    0:20:05 Maybe we record something in the browser.
    0:20:08 Little kind of social things.
    0:20:14 Then one of the ideas was to, the way I remember, first it was record a message actually via your phone.
    0:20:16 And then it got broadcast text to people.
    0:20:17 And then they could listen to it.
    0:20:22 And then that quickly evolved to, what if we got rid of the audio?
    0:20:24 Maybe it was just text broadcast.
    0:20:31 And then, you know, having come from the blogging world, that we were familiar with RSS and subscribing, which turned into following.
    0:20:34 And, yeah, kind of evolved from there.
    0:20:38 That was, to mention names, that was, of course, BizStone and Jack Dorsey’s project.
    0:20:44 And it also was informed by Jack’s previous work on careers and status systems.
    0:20:50 And at what point did you, or anyone else for that matter, realize that there was a there there?
    0:20:54 Like, oh, there might be something very interesting with this.
    0:20:56 We were pretty intrigued right away.
    0:21:01 I mean, we certainly didn’t know the extent of it by any means.
    0:21:05 But it felt new and interesting.
    0:21:07 We kept evolving it.
    0:21:08 It definitely wasn’t right.
    0:21:11 I mean, I think no ideas come out fully baked.
    0:21:13 And so there was a lot we had to get right.
    0:21:15 Like, what is the graph?
    0:21:22 The very first version actually was highly informed by status messages, which were a thing in Facebook.
    0:21:26 But this is pre-Facebook being available to outside of colleges.
    0:21:27 And we were too old to be on Facebook.
    0:21:30 So we didn’t even know about status messages on Facebook.
    0:21:31 But it was kind of like that.
    0:21:33 It was kind of like AIM messages.
    0:21:36 And the very first version, there wasn’t a whole feed.
    0:21:39 It was just the latest person who had updated their status was on top.
    0:21:41 And it went out via text message.
    0:21:44 And so, but we’re like, hmm, interesting.
    0:21:48 And we felt it was interesting when we had maybe 10 people on it.
    0:21:49 10 people worked at the company.
    0:21:52 And then we started getting our partners on it.
    0:21:53 And we were intrigued.
    0:21:55 But so this is 2006.
    0:22:00 And it really wasn’t growing for months and months.
    0:22:06 And really, we hit an inflection point here in Austin in 2007.
    0:22:13 So I have to just mention that that particular southbound is very nostalgic for me.
    0:22:18 Because I launched the 4-Hour Workweek with an overflow presentation in 2007.
    0:22:23 After haranguing the shit out of Hugh Forrest.
    0:22:26 Thank you for letting me fill in for a cancellation.
    0:22:28 And basically next to a cafeteria.
    0:22:30 My laptop failed.
    0:22:33 So I ended up having to improv the thing without my slides.
    0:22:42 And I remember the big screen TV in the ground level of the conference center showing tweets.
    0:22:42 Yeah.
    0:22:43 Going through.
    0:22:44 And I was like, huh, look at that.
    0:22:45 Yeah.
    0:22:48 That was the idea we had.
    0:22:51 It was starting to take off amongst the people we knew.
    0:22:59 And South by it was always the conference where, like, the indie, cool tech people came.
    0:23:00 And these were our people.
    0:23:04 And they were the ones, our early adopters of Twitter, because they came from the blogging world.
    0:23:06 And they were friends.
    0:23:10 And so we sensed that we could get critical mass here.
    0:23:14 So we talked to Hugh and whoever from his team.
    0:23:17 And, of course, they were like, well, you could have a trade show floor.
    0:23:18 And I’m like, no, no, no.
    0:23:19 No one goes to a trade show.
    0:23:25 Can we buy a screen and put it in the hall where everybody’s hanging out?
    0:23:27 And that was the move.
    0:23:28 And people saw that.
    0:23:29 And I’m like, oh.
    0:23:30 That’s amazing.
    0:23:32 I didn’t realize that back story.
    0:23:34 It costs $11,000.
    0:23:36 It’s a great investment.
    0:23:38 $11,000.
    0:23:44 A little more expensive these days, I think, since you’re competing against AT&T and God knows who else.
    0:23:55 But this ties into Mosey in part because I’m wondering how much your expectation is that you will design and deliver to spec,
    0:24:00 maybe like an Uber, where the business model has changed relatively little over time, right?
    0:24:00 It’s been very reliable.
    0:24:03 It’s kind of stayed very similar.
    0:24:06 With, obviously, bells and whistles and changes along the way.
    0:24:13 Or is your expectation, maybe along the lines of a Twitter or Odeo, in some sense, morphing into a Twitter,
    0:24:17 that Mosey is just a starting point?
    0:24:22 And your expectation is it’s probably going to end up being something very, very different a year or two.
    0:24:24 I’m sure it’ll end up in something very, very different.
    0:24:26 It’s early for Mosey.
    0:24:31 The way we think about it, in our wildest dreams, it is a ubiquitous social network.
    0:24:38 And the way Facebook was at one time, but actually designed for enhancing people’s social lives and relationships.
    0:24:40 Which means it’s not a media platform.
    0:24:41 It’s not an advertising platform.
    0:24:43 It’s not a performative platform.
    0:24:45 It’s not a status-building platform.
    0:24:50 It’s really about sharing information that’s important to you with people you care about and enabling.
    0:24:55 It won’t all be about IRL, but that’s where folks end right now.
    0:24:57 But it’s early.
    0:24:58 We haven’t figured it out yet.
    0:25:02 And I think that’s part of the fun, is figuring out where it goes.
    0:25:05 So you impressed me at a whole lot of levels.
    0:25:08 I’ve always found you to be a very deep thinker.
    0:25:09 You think a lot.
    0:25:14 And you choose your words carefully and ask a lot of good questions.
    0:25:19 And I’m always curious about the inputs, what you feed yourself in terms of information.
    0:25:22 And I’ve read that you’re fond of a few books.
    0:25:31 This may have changed because this is from 2016, but Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, Robert Persig, The Effective Executive by Peter Drucker.
    0:25:40 I don’t know if you would still stand by those, but I’m curious, if so, why those books and if there are any others that you would add to that list?
    0:25:42 Where’d you get that list?
    0:25:44 That is New York Times.
    0:25:47 EvWilliamsFavoriteBooks.html.
    0:25:53 Yeah, I probably wouldn’t pick those now.
    0:25:54 It’s been a while.
    0:25:58 I’m not an executive anymore, so I mean, that’s not as useful.
    0:26:01 Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance is great.
    0:26:08 But I will mention one book very related to the conversation, which is, have you read Why Greatness Cannot Be Planned?
    0:26:08 No.
    0:26:09 Great title, though.
    0:26:11 Why Greatness Cannot Be Planned.
    0:26:13 I recommend this to 100 people.
    0:26:14 Love this book.
    0:26:18 The subtitle is The Myth of the Objective.
    0:26:25 And the premise is by a guy named Ken Stanley and another guy who were AI researchers.
    0:26:30 And the way it starts out is they, this is early AI researchers.
    0:26:32 Ken Wen worked at OpenAI later.
    0:26:34 They were building bots.
    0:26:40 And the example they talk about is trying to build a robot to go through a maze.
    0:26:45 And how they, you know, tried to program all kinds of smart algorithms into it.
    0:26:49 And then they found that the most effective strategy was just try something new.
    0:27:05 And they go on from that and extrapolate this idea that if you are trying to do something that hasn’t been done before, you know, we’re taught from birth and from school and everywhere is like, set your goal, make a plan to get to the plan.
    0:27:06 Persevere, go through that.
    0:27:13 And the premise of the book is that works if it’s something that’s been done a lot and that’s formulaic.
    0:27:28 You can set a goal to run a marathon and you can, you know, download a training regime and you can go run the marathon and probably because you can’t do that to invent the computer or Twitter or like create amazing art.
    0:27:29 You can’t plot it.
    0:27:37 And to the extent you try to plot it, you shoot yourself in the foot because you cut off the possibilities that lay before you.
    0:27:42 And I read this book when I was running media in my last company.
    0:27:52 It had a great effect on me because I felt this deep sense of relief because my entire business and startup career, I’ve been deeply driven to create things.
    0:27:57 I saw like companies in particular products as a creative process.
    0:28:00 You know, it’s like writing a book or painting a painting.
    0:28:03 It’s like you have to figure it out as you go.
    0:28:05 You don’t have it fully baked in your head from day one.
    0:28:11 But what I’ve seen happen a million times and happened to me is you have this intuition.
    0:28:13 You kind of know what it is.
    0:28:14 You start to develop it.
    0:28:16 You’re like, oh, it’s this, not that.
    0:28:17 Let’s try this, not that.
    0:28:22 And you feel your way into what’s the best first version of it.
    0:28:34 If you’re lucky and good enough that that first version, you know, meets with some success in the world, then at least in the tech world, employees and investors and business people come in.
    0:28:36 It’s like, OK, where are we going next?
    0:28:36 What’s the plan?
    0:28:37 What’s the roadmap?
    0:28:40 You know, how are we going to make the numbers go up?
    0:28:44 And it doesn’t work to very far.
    0:28:46 It works like a little bit to get that next stage.
    0:28:49 But it doesn’t work to really innovate.
    0:28:49 It doesn’t work.
    0:28:53 And so you have to be comfortable with the ambiguity of not knowing where you’re going to go.
    0:28:59 And this book is good and it makes its points very short.
    0:29:07 It also talks about evolution a lot and how, like, the most creative force in the world is clearly nature.
    0:29:10 And, like, it has no plan.
    0:29:11 It just tries shit.
    0:29:12 Trial and error.
    0:29:13 Yeah.
    0:29:14 All right.
    0:29:15 Taking notes.
    0:29:17 That’s going to be one of my next reads.
    0:29:24 Just a quick thanks to one of our sponsors and we’ll be right back to the show.
    0:29:28 It’s the new year and many of you, no doubt, are planning for the year ahead.
    0:29:29 I’m doing the same.
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    0:30:49 You mentioned AI, and it is the topic du jour.
    0:31:02 But, I can’t believe everything you read on the internet, but I believe that 25% of the latest Y Combinator class wrote 95% plus of their code using AI.
    0:31:09 And I’m curious, you have kids, what would you suggest your kids study in school?
    0:31:12 My kids are here, in fact.
    0:31:14 Whatever they want.
    0:31:19 I mean, it depends on what the goal is.
    0:31:19 I mean, I think…
    0:31:21 I can frame it a little more.
    0:31:22 I can strain it.
    0:31:24 I would say, if people are wondering here how to…
    0:31:31 I don’t want to say AI-proof themselves, because good luck predicting where that’s going to go.
    0:31:38 But, are there any fundamental skills or specific skills that you think will increase in value over time?
    0:31:51 For instance, I don’t know if I had kids if I would suggest they take a legal path, necessarily, since I already use AI in 30 seconds to draft most of my legal documents before I send it to human eyes.
    0:31:53 Do you have any thoughts?
    0:32:00 I haven’t thought about this deeply, but what comes to mind is social, human things.
    0:32:01 Two things.
    0:32:08 One is, I do encourage them to read and write, still, because I think that’s how you figure things out.
    0:32:15 That’s, like, the best way to think and have ideas and get clarity is to write.
    0:32:18 And you can’t write if you don’t read.
    0:32:29 So, even if the AI can write for you, that’s fine if it’s a paper or, you know, a report or some analysis where the product is very important.
    0:32:31 Like, this is the information and text that I need.
    0:32:35 But, it robs you of the process of thinking.
    0:32:41 So, I think problem solving, creative ideation is useful no matter what you do, ever.
    0:32:44 So, I think those core skills and then social skills.
    0:32:52 I mean, one of the reasons I love the school they go to is actually they have a thing called SEL, which maybe you all had, but I sure as hell didn’t have in rural Nebraska in the 70s.
    0:32:57 It’s social, emotional learning, and that’s just, like, how do you connect with people?
    0:33:05 I mean, we know that’s critical to any job no matter what you’re doing, and I think that’s probably, well, hopefully not going to go away.
    0:33:06 Who knows?
    0:33:12 I think we’re in a lot of trouble if that gets removed from you in life.
    0:33:17 So, let’s shift gears a bit, and I’ll just ask a question I like to ask.
    0:33:18 If it goes nowhere, it goes nowhere.
    0:33:23 All right, so, metaphorically speaking, the billboard question, right?
    0:33:36 So, if you were going to put a message on a billboard, could say anything, could be an image, anything at all that you would want a lot of people to see and understand, what might you put on that?
    0:33:38 I love this question.
    0:33:40 I might overthink it.
    0:33:44 And understand.
    0:33:46 So, we can assume they’ll understand.
    0:33:51 The and understand I threw on there with a little creative flourish, it may complicate your thinking.
    0:33:52 I’m going to build on that.
    0:34:06 In thinking about this, what comes to mind, first of all, is the category is something that will help people heal, you know, just be their whole and true selves.
    0:34:09 Because I think that’s where all our problems come from, is the lack of that.
    0:34:17 And as much as I care about climate, I think the key to solving climate is to heal ourselves, to heal culture, to heal the planet.
    0:34:18 And so, I start with the self.
    0:34:30 And then my mind goes to what’s a big fundamental truth that we want everyone, let’s pretend if they read it, they’ll actually get it and know it.
    0:34:36 Then I think there’s a little bit of tension between like the most fundamental truths and how actionable they are.
    0:34:42 So, if we said, we are all one, which I believe, it’s like, okay, we’re all one.
    0:34:44 The universe is one big thing, we’re all connected.
    0:34:46 What do I do with that?
    0:34:51 I mean, maybe if you really ponder that and meditate on that a long time, it’ll actually, it will do you some good.
    0:35:08 But then if you move toward the spectrum of usefulness, of what’s a fundamental truth that’s more useful, you might have like some Buddhist saying like all of our suffering comes from, you know, our thoughts or inability to accept reality, which is a little bit more useful.
    0:35:12 But maybe for the masses, not, still not very actionable.
    0:35:22 And then you could move to like, feel your feelings, which I think would do a tremendous amount of good if people adopt, oh, feel your feelings.
    0:35:25 It’s a little bit easier to imagine that, like so much of our suffering.
    0:35:29 And I say this as someone who told their first therapist, I don’t understand the point of feelings.
    0:35:33 I was like, they are just a nuisance and get in the way.
    0:35:39 So it took me a long time to appreciate that and the avoidance that so many of us go through.
    0:35:48 And then one step further might be stop drinking alcohol for six months and see how you feel.
    0:35:52 Not tonight, though.
    0:35:53 It’s fine.
    0:35:53 We’re in a bar.
    0:35:53 Not tonight.
    0:35:53 Nice.
    0:35:54 Starting tomorrow.
    0:35:55 Starting tomorrow.
    0:35:55 Consider it.
    0:36:01 So following up just on the feeling your feelings, you said for a long time, and you said this to your first therapist, right?
    0:36:06 If they’re just a nuisance, I’d like to know how to rid myself of these irritations.
    0:36:08 What changed?
    0:36:11 How did you end up going on to team feelings?
    0:36:14 So, I mean, it was a long, long process.
    0:36:16 I mean, the therapy helped.
    0:36:17 The psychedelics helped.
    0:36:25 Meditation, growth, learning, reading books, having friends, stopping drinking, actually, just for six months.
    0:36:29 And I’ve gone through a lot.
    0:36:32 I’ve done a lot of work, particularly in the last couple of years.
    0:36:34 That’s been just super, super important.
    0:36:36 Yeah, just a note on alcohol.
    0:36:37 Look, I’m going to have some drinks tonight.
    0:36:38 I do enjoy drinking.
    0:36:47 But just a PSA for people, because ketamine is in the air.
    0:36:49 Ketamine is probably in a few people’s pockets here.
    0:36:51 They’re both dissociative anesthetics.
    0:36:57 So if you want to feel your feelings, it’s a good idea not to engage with those things excessively.
    0:37:03 And if you have a history of alcohol overuse, I would also stay away from any at-home ketamine.
    0:37:08 But in terms of books or types of therapy, did you find, if there are people in the audience who are like,
    0:37:14 yeah, you know what, actually, that makes sense to me, but I’ve never been able to find a handhold to get started?
    0:37:16 Is there any advice you might give?
    0:37:22 Probably the best thing I’ve ever done in that realm is Hoffman.
    0:37:24 Have you done Hoffman?
    0:37:27 Hoffman, I haven’t done Hoffman, but quite a few of my friends have.
    0:37:29 So there’s this thing called the Hoffman process.
    0:37:33 It’s 20 years of therapy in a week in terms of the effect.
    0:37:36 I mean, I got much more out of it than I ever got in therapy.
    0:37:38 It’s a week-long retreat.
    0:37:39 There’s a few different places.
    0:37:41 The main one’s in Petaluma, California.
    0:37:51 You hand over your phone, you go and do some exercises with 36 strangers and yourself for a week,
    0:37:52 and you come out a new person.
    0:38:00 So I’ve spoken, well, not directly, I’ve more listened, but had a conversation on this podcast
    0:38:05 where the Hoffman process came up, and a lot of listeners have gone to the Hoffman process,
    0:38:14 and I get letters literally every week from people who are thanking me for not really the proper credit
    0:38:17 because there’s someone else who brought it up for the Hoffman process.
    0:38:19 I’m very curious.
    0:38:20 You mentioned the strangers.
    0:38:28 Part of the reason I haven’t gone is I’m like, I don’t want to air all of my dirty laundry in front of 20 strangers.
    0:38:29 I don’t know these people.
    0:38:33 And I know you’re also, I think it’s fair to say, pretty introverted.
    0:38:38 I would say I am, even though I’m on stage, like, safely speaking into the darkness.
    0:38:44 Was that an issue at all for you, or how did you get past that?
    0:38:49 It wasn’t easy, but it’s just in the context of it, it just feels very safe.
    0:38:57 One of the fascinating things is, as strangers, you are not allowed to say your last name or what you do in the real world when you get there.
    0:39:06 So you connect with people, and I realized, after a few days, I relied so much on people knowing who I was or what I did,
    0:39:10 that it was this veil between me and other humans.
    0:39:16 So you get to know people at such a deep level without really knowing any of the normal things,
    0:39:19 that we would say, you meet someone here, what do you do, where do you live?
    0:39:24 And that, it just feels incredibly safe.
    0:39:30 But the process is, they’ve been doing it for 50-some years, it’s very evolved, it’s very well done.
    0:39:32 You take any of it out of context, it sounds weird.
    0:39:34 Like, I knew nothing going in.
    0:39:39 And about five people brought it up to me in random conversations over a week, and were like,
    0:39:42 okay, this is a message, I’m going to go sign up for this thing.
    0:39:44 Show up, I had no idea.
    0:39:47 And then you just dive in, and it’s incredible.
    0:39:50 Yeah, from what I can tell, it’s somewhat like Fight Club.
    0:39:53 It’s like, first rule of Fight Club is don’t talk about Fight Club.
    0:39:56 You’re not going to find much detail on the Hoffman process.
    0:40:02 This also ties into a question I was planning on asking anyway, which is, are there any habits
    0:40:09 or beliefs that have really positively impacted your life in the last handful of years?
    0:40:15 Could also be 10 years ago, but you’ve talked about doing a lot of work in the last handful of years.
    0:40:21 Any new habits, beliefs, tools, anything come to mind that have been really helpful?
    0:40:26 Yes, but I feel like they’re the ones that everybody knows.
    0:40:30 Well, I mean, sometimes the fundamentals are worth a review.
    0:40:33 I mean, it is exercise and meditation.
    0:40:40 I dabbled in for a long time, and then I got much more serious a couple years ago about both,
    0:40:44 and really, really dramatic life improvement.
    0:40:46 Why did you get more serious about them?
    0:40:49 You just wake up one day, and you’re like, today’s a new day?
    0:40:52 Or was there a breaking point?
    0:40:55 Early COVID, I was like, what the fuck am I doing?
    0:41:02 I’m going to turn 50, and I need to work a hell of a lot harder to be in shape than I was.
    0:41:03 So I just started doing it.
    0:41:04 I was at home.
    0:41:05 I had the time.
    0:41:06 So I did that.
    0:41:11 Although that’s increased, because you get the positive reward cycle, and it feels great.
    0:41:16 And meditation, I’ve always found super valuable.
    0:41:24 And I just last year, on January 2nd, 2024, I had meditated the day before.
    0:41:28 I was like, I could meditate every single day this year.
    0:41:34 And it was just that sort of psychological hook that you find motivating, even though it’s arbitrary.
    0:41:37 And I was like, yes, I’m going to meditate every single day in 2024.
    0:41:38 That’s a goal.
    0:41:41 And I don’t normally set goals like that.
    0:41:44 But I was like, okay, let’s see what happens.
    0:41:48 And my teacher says, you can’t boil water if you keep turning off the flame.
    0:41:54 And so the consistency of meditation, I underestimated what dramatic difference that makes,
    0:41:57 and how fast you can drop in if you do it every single day.
    0:42:01 What type of meditation did you decide on?
    0:42:05 Just mindfulness, meditation, breath, and awareness.
    0:42:07 Not TM, just…
    0:42:10 Just like an open monitoring, feel what you feel, see what you see.
    0:42:11 Yeah.
    0:42:14 Are you noting things, or are you just observing?
    0:42:15 Noting, sometimes noting.
    0:42:18 And I know you like to know about products.
    0:42:19 You know about this product.
    0:42:21 But I was using The Way.
    0:42:21 Yep.
    0:42:22 You’ve probably talked about that before.
    0:42:24 The Way is a meditation app.
    0:42:26 I hadn’t used a meditation app for years.
    0:42:32 The Way, I started using The Way, Kevin sent it to me, actually, around when it was still in beta.
    0:42:35 And I started doing that around that time.
    0:42:36 Yeah.
    0:42:37 The Way is fantastic.
    0:42:37 Yeah.
    0:42:40 Henry Schuchman, just an incredible guy.
    0:42:43 I mean, we’ll hope to meet him in person someday.
    0:42:48 Do you have a favorite failure or any favorite failures that come to mind?
    0:42:52 I mean, you’ve got a greatest hits list that’s pretty outstanding.
    0:42:54 I’m just wondering…
    0:42:55 I have a lot of failures.
    0:43:03 And anything that has either taught you a lot or in some way set you up for successes later.
    0:43:06 That’s two possible ways of approaching it.
    0:43:13 We’re already talking about Odeo, which is kind of a failure that led to Twitter, so that’s obvious.
    0:43:25 But a thing that took me a very long time to appreciate that felt like the biggest failure possible was getting fired from Twitter, which I did.
    0:43:26 Yeah, I co-founded the company.
    0:43:36 I was CEO for two years, and then I got fired to my great shock and dismay, and I was just devastated.
    0:43:37 Absolutely.
    0:43:44 Now I looked and I was like, wow, I’m probably way happier today than I would have been had I not.
    0:43:46 But it took me a while.
    0:43:48 It took me a long while to appreciate that.
    0:43:52 What was the silver lining on that in retrospect?
    0:43:58 It kind of goes back to all our unhappiness comes from thinking things shouldn’t be how they are.
    0:44:09 And I was very upset because of the injustice of it and what I thought was just dumb.
    0:44:19 Now, in retrospect, and even at the time, I knew I was in over my head to a certain extent, and Dick, who became the CEO, was much better at certain aspects of the job.
    0:44:23 I wasn’t even that attached to being the CEO long term.
    0:44:27 I was just like, maybe we should talk about it before you fire me.
    0:44:32 I mean, that seemed rude, but I mean, it was my company.
    0:44:38 But the silver lining was like, I didn’t have to do the job anymore.
    0:44:39 That’s one.
    0:44:43 I mean, I still owned a bunch of the company.
    0:44:45 I didn’t have to do the job.
    0:44:48 I mean, that’s like, objectively, it wasn’t that bad.
    0:44:52 But as an identity and ego hit, it was tremendous.
    0:44:58 I also, I thought the best thing for the company was for me to stay, and even not in CEO role.
    0:45:02 And I tried to negotiate that, and that wasn’t accepted.
    0:45:05 But it was more like, this is so wrong.
    0:45:07 It was like, okay, what can I learn from this?
    0:45:13 What is, once I was out of that, you know, some deep reflection happened.
    0:45:17 And I think a long term path of personal growth.
    0:45:24 Are there any people who come to mind who you’re tracking right now?
    0:45:27 Or anyone you think people should pay more attention to?
    0:45:34 Innovators, technologists, thinkers, alive or dead?
    0:45:36 I’ll mention another book.
    0:45:37 Perfect.
    0:45:42 What I’ve been geeking out on recently is How the Universe Works.
    0:45:45 Small side project.
    0:45:45 You know.
    0:45:52 Which I used to read a lot of physics books and quantum physics just for fun.
    0:45:58 And it had been a while, so I started delving into that more recently.
    0:46:01 Just set a bubble bath, light a candle, read some quantum physics.
    0:46:06 There’s a book I’m reading right now called The One by Henry Posse.
    0:46:07 I don’t know anything about him.
    0:46:15 The One is about, it’s about how, it’s monism, the idea that the universe is just one thing.
    0:46:20 And nature and us and this glass is all one thing.
    0:46:21 And that the separation is an illusion.
    0:46:26 How that fits with quantum physics and the whole history of quantum physics.
    0:46:29 And how this idea had come up, but rejected.
    0:46:42 It was very interesting to learn how the implications of that, which we’ve heard about with multiverse and all these crazy ideas, were rejected by scientists who were materialists.
    0:46:47 And it was interesting to learn that materialism in the science is basically a religion.
    0:46:50 And that’s fascinating.
    0:46:52 How did you find this book?
    0:46:55 My partner, James Joaquin, at Obvious.
    0:46:59 We like to talk about how the universe works and then invest in startups.
    0:47:02 Sounds like a great job.
    0:47:04 All right.
    0:47:10 Do you tend to find books, again, just riffing on how you choose your intake, right?
    0:47:15 And there’s finding the signal and then there’s tuning out the noise.
    0:47:19 I mean, I haven’t had any social apps on my phone for years at this point.
    0:47:25 Because I just don’t have the control to be like the heroin addict wandering into the heroin den.
    0:47:27 But then there’s choosing the signal.
    0:47:39 And I think books are still, if you can do it with a slightly longer attention span or to cultivate that, a great way of finding these, like I said earlier, scent trails to follow.
    0:47:46 But you still have a problem because there are 100,000 plus books published in hardcover alone in the U.S. every year.
    0:47:48 How do you choose your books?
    0:47:49 And do any other books come to mind?
    0:47:51 I wish I had a better way.
    0:47:55 I should ask you, how many books do you read a month?
    0:47:56 Probably four or five.
    0:47:57 Okay.
    0:47:58 You read a lot more than I do.
    0:48:01 But I may read two a month.
    0:48:09 But I think it’s kind of haphazard, which is scary because you’re going to select a very tiny portion.
    0:48:11 Yeah, Tim Urban style, right?
    0:48:14 It’s like you’ve got time for however many books left in your life.
    0:48:15 Right, right.
    0:48:18 Great book, by the way, Tim Urban’s book.
    0:48:20 I have the, it’s pretty random.
    0:48:23 It’s just like wandering, like I’ll buy tons of books.
    0:48:28 I read mostly on my phone, but I’ll buy physical books to remember that the book exists.
    0:48:35 And then, so I’ll have it laying around the house and be like, oh, I should, oh, this is interesting.
    0:48:37 And then I’ll go, because I’ll just read it on my phone.
    0:48:39 But I feel like I should have a better way.
    0:48:41 I also watch a lot of YouTube, I have to admit.
    0:48:43 What do you watch on YouTube?
    0:48:46 It’s got to be better than what I watch.
    0:48:49 I end up in some weird corners.
    0:48:59 I watch music content, like how to make music, like make music as a hobby as well.
    0:49:01 And then like quantum physics stuff.
    0:49:03 Do you have a background in physics?
    0:49:07 No, I don’t even understand it.
    0:49:12 I don’t want to give the impression that I, I, I’m an expert on any of this.
    0:49:13 I just follow my curiosity.
    0:49:14 Yeah.
    0:49:19 I used to just exclusively consume business and technology and startup stuff.
    0:49:27 Most of my adult life, I was CEO of a company and just waking up every day, desperately trying to make that succeed.
    0:49:32 And so a lot of my new stuff, like music, it was like, it was just fun.
    0:49:34 Do you read any fiction?
    0:49:36 I’m trying to read more fiction.
    0:49:39 I tried reading that book that you recommended a little while back.
    0:49:41 Oh, it’s so hard.
    0:49:42 It was so hard.
    0:49:45 A little big, little big, little big by John Crowley.
    0:49:52 This is the one book that I hesitate to recommend because nine out of 10 people are just like, what the fuck?
    0:49:54 You even said that in the recommendation.
    0:49:55 I’m like, I can, I can handle it.
    0:49:56 I got this.
    0:49:58 I’m going to do it.
    0:49:59 I, I, I gave up.
    0:50:00 Yeah.
    0:50:05 The more drugs one has done, the easier it is to eventually get into the talking fish section of the book.
    0:50:06 Okay.
    0:50:09 When then you kind of cross the Rubicon and it’s all in.
    0:50:11 But yeah, John Crowley, any other fiction books?
    0:50:13 You said you’re trying.
    0:50:18 Oh, I just read this Miranda July book, All Fours.
    0:50:19 Okay.
    0:50:19 It’s good.
    0:50:20 She’s hilarious.
    0:50:22 It’s random.
    0:50:22 Yeah.
    0:50:23 Got it.
    0:50:26 All right.
    0:50:35 So if we look back at the products that you’ve built, if you were to build any of them again today,
    0:50:41 are there any features you would either remove or add that come to mind?
    0:50:51 I think a lot of cases, I was much too eager to add things, especially medium.
    0:50:54 Medium, I definitely prematurely scaled.
    0:50:56 And I just wanted to create a nice…
    0:50:58 Why do you say that?
    0:50:59 That it prematurely scaled?
    0:51:08 I’m good at seeing like systems and like a product and like most of the things I build are systems.
    0:51:10 They’re not just, you know, a product.
    0:51:17 And with medium, I had lots of experience understanding the internet and publishing some platform.
    0:51:20 And I was like, wanted to build everything new.
    0:51:28 And that may or may not have been possible, but I tried to do it all at once, which was, I think, the mistake.
    0:51:35 And so that’s why I say we’re prematurely scaled is just that it takes time to get everything right.
    0:51:38 And, you know, the company and the product, etc.
    0:51:44 And because when you’re trying to do a whole bunch of things at once, it’s classic failing mode to try to bite off more than you can chew.
    0:51:55 And almost every, I’d say 80% of the time, if I meet with a startup or founder, which I don’t really do anymore, if they ask me their advice, they say, do less.
    0:51:59 And so medium, it was like that.
    0:52:02 It was like build a great writing platform.
    0:52:04 And I got impatient for growth.
    0:52:12 Was that due to outside pressure or was that an internally generated pressure?
    0:52:16 It was internal, but it was self-imposed by me.
    0:52:28 But it was also, this is a part of prematurely scaling is if you get beyond a handful of employees, it’s as much pressure from employees as it is from investors.
    0:52:35 And if you have everyone around the table and everyone’s seeing all that, then you can kind of take your time more.
    0:52:44 But if you, like, people are having doubts and you have to sell internally all the time before you figure it all out, that’s a dangerous place to be.
    0:52:46 So that’s where we were for a while.
    0:52:54 So when you say do less, right, I’m sure a lot of folks in this audience, I’ve been in a position where I’m trying to do more things than I should.
    0:53:04 Taking a maybe shotgun approach to trying to impatiently get seven things done when I should probably put them in some type of logical sequence.
    0:53:17 So if you’re trying to take a more rifle-like approach and you could give the example with medium or it could be with Mosey or otherwise, how do you choose the first few things to focus on?
    0:53:24 When you have this ocean of possibilities, looking back, we can use this as a starting point at, say, medium.
    0:53:28 What would you have focused on in terms of feature set or otherwise?
    0:53:35 I’ll use Mosey as an example of that, sorry, because it’s fresher in my mind, but where we’ve done a much better job.
    0:53:40 So Mosey I originally conceived of as a better contacts app.
    0:53:46 And the idea was, it’s a very old idea, like the Plaxo idea, if you remember that.
    0:53:47 I do remember.
    0:53:50 I remember hearing about Plaxo 2001 or something like that.
    0:53:57 And the idea of Plaxo, pre-smartphone, desktop, like a Rolodex on your computer.
    0:54:03 But if I have your business card in my Rolodex, you can update it on my Rolodex.
    0:54:16 I heard that idea, I’m like, duh, that’s like one of the many things that the internet is going to change is like the difference of being in a connected world versus a disconnected world is in what utility and great stuff come from that.
    0:54:23 And then fast forward 2023, we still don’t have that, which is kind of crazy.
    0:54:28 Like I have this contacts app and it’s like lacking information, it’s incomplete, it’s outdated.
    0:54:31 So it’s like, I’m going to build a better contacts app.
    0:54:38 And then it led to the idea of, okay, if you managed to do that and got lots of people connected, then you would actually have this private social network.
    0:54:39 Then you could do all kinds of things.
    0:54:48 And one of the ideas we had was location sharing or like city level location sharing.
    0:54:51 But we also have these ideas around customizing.
    0:54:57 If it’s a digital business card, it was like, what if you could customize it, make it look really cool and choose your fonts and colors.
    0:55:01 And wouldn’t that be just fun and kind of a throwback?
    0:55:03 So we actually built that.
    0:55:10 We built this whole system for making these cool looking cards that would show up for your friends in your Mosey.
    0:55:14 And then we killed it all, thankfully.
    0:55:19 And that was painful because, you know, you’ve gone down a path with the team.
    0:55:20 They work really hard.
    0:55:22 And like, actually, you know what?
    0:55:30 This is complicating our vision because what we’re hearing from people and what we’re sensing is that’s kind of noise compared to the utility.
    0:55:36 What I just want to know is when my friend’s in town or I just want to know when I’m going to a city, like, where are my friends?
    0:55:38 And all the rest of this is noise.
    0:55:39 So we ripped that out.
    0:55:48 How are you going to approach the invite process to show your contacts?
    0:55:52 Because this seems to have been a challenge with some previous attempts at this work.
    0:55:58 If I look at my contacts, I’ve had, I mean, my contacts is this bloated monster full of people.
    0:56:03 A lot of them are sort of acquaintances I don’t really want to keep in touch with.
    0:56:07 They’re probably a handful of frenemies where I’m like, definitely don’t want to see those people.
    0:56:10 Some crazies, don’t want to see them either.
    0:56:13 But they’re still somewhere hidden in my contacts.
    0:56:18 So how do I just have my real friends notified?
    0:56:19 Good question.
    0:56:23 We are assuming, for starters, we made this a false assumption.
    0:56:30 If you are in the phone book of someone else and they’re in yours, that you’re willing to share more than your phone number.
    0:56:31 You’re willing to share your private profile.
    0:56:35 And we’re not sharing anything that’s never public.
    0:56:42 But that’s, if you’ve given your phone number to them, then you can see what we build in mode Z profile, which is just, it’s not addressed.
    0:56:44 It’s like social handles.
    0:56:47 It’s more or less what would just show up on a social network profile.
    0:56:50 But some people are nervous about that.
    0:56:55 So, I mean, you can not sync your contacts and build it from scratch, would be the answer.
    0:56:57 And then plans have a separate mode.
    0:57:05 So, what people are most nervous about, and we want to make very clear, is it’s not going to tell everybody in your address book where you are.
    0:57:08 We don’t even automatically update your location.
    0:57:09 You put in plans.
    0:57:19 And then at the plan level, there’s another level of privacy where you just say, you have to actually opt in to say, this person can see my plans.
    0:57:21 Does that make sense?
    0:57:22 Yeah, it makes sense.
    0:57:30 We’re trying to take a conservative approach to privacy, but balance that, obviously, with ease of use and growth and having enough nodes in the network.
    0:57:33 But we’re not compromising on privacy.
    0:57:40 We never want to surprise someone that they’re sharing information with that random ex or crazy person who happens to be in their phone book.
    0:57:43 So, we’re coming up on time pretty quickly.
    0:57:45 You guys excited for a fun night?
    0:57:48 There’s a lot coming.
    0:57:52 You mentioned, I think it was January 2024.
    0:57:55 I could meditate every day this year.
    0:58:00 Do you have anything on the docket for 2025 that’s like that?
    0:58:01 Do you make resolutions?
    0:58:06 No, that’s the only one I’d made in years, actually.
    0:58:09 Other than just general themes, like dance more.
    0:58:11 Here we are tonight.
    0:58:12 You guys are in luck.
    0:58:13 You guys ready?
    0:58:17 All right, well, we’re going to land the plane.
    0:58:23 Anything else you’d like to say, have any closing comments, thoughts for the audience?
    0:58:26 I would just say, Tim, thank you for having me.
    0:58:29 Tim and I have known each other for like 20 years.
    0:58:30 I’ve never been on the podcast.
    0:58:31 That was fun.
    0:58:41 And it’s just a whole night of nostalgia because we’re back in Austin and it’s Dignation and it’s a good time.
    0:58:42 So, I hope you guys enjoy it.
    0:58:46 Yeah, I will say, guys, it feels like the mojo is back to South by after COVID.
    0:58:48 It took a few years.
    0:58:51 And you have an amazing night in store.
    0:58:53 So, we’ll get more people out here in just a minute.
    0:58:55 I will be back out in maybe a half hour.
    0:58:59 I have a surprise and maybe even some gifts for everybody here.
    0:59:00 So, stick around.
    0:59:02 And Ev, thank you.
    0:59:03 So much fun.
    0:59:04 Have a great night, everybody.
    0:59:10 Hey, guys, this is Tim again.
    0:59:12 Just one more thing before you take off.
    0:59:14 And that is Five Bullet Friday.
    0:59:19 Would you enjoy getting a short email from me every Friday that provides a little fun before the weekend?
    0:59:26 Between one and a half and two million people subscribe to my free newsletter, my super short newsletter called Five Bullet Friday.
    0:59:27 Easy to sign up.
    0:59:28 Easy to cancel.
    0:59:37 It is basically a half page that I send out every Friday to share the coolest things I’ve found or discovered or have started exploring over that week.
    0:59:39 It’s kind of like my diary of cool things.
    0:59:51 It often includes articles I’m reading, books I’m reading, albums perhaps, gadgets, gizmos, all sorts of tech tricks and so on that get sent to me by my friends, including a lot of podcast guests.
    0:59:55 And these strange esoteric things end up in my field.
    0:59:56 And then I test them.
    0:59:58 And then I share them with you.
    1:00:01 So, if that sounds fun, again, it’s very short.
    1:00:05 A little tiny bite of goodness before you head off for the weekend.
    1:00:06 Something to think about.
    1:00:09 If you’d like to try it out, just go to Tim.blog slash Friday.
    1:00:10 Type that into your browser.
    1:00:13 Tim.blog slash Friday.
    1:00:15 Drop in your email and you’ll get the very next one.
    1:00:16 Thanks for listening.
    1:00:21 I want to give my pooch, Molly, the best of everything.
    1:00:24 She is my companion.
    1:00:25 She is my guardian.
    1:00:28 She’s been with me for almost 10 years now, 24-7.
    1:00:31 I want to give her the absolute best.
    1:00:33 And that includes food, especially food.
    1:00:35 It is the bedrock of her health.
    1:00:38 That’s why I give her Sundays for Dogs, this episode’s sponsored.
    1:00:43 Sundays is air-dried, which locks in more nutrition and flavor than other cooking methods, while
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    1:01:14 Sundays knows your pup is an important member of your family, so they only use USDA-grade meat,
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    1:01:41 I am always on the hunt for protein sources that don’t require sacrifices in taste or nutrition.
    1:01:42 I don’t want to eat sawdust.
    1:01:45 I also don’t want a candy bar that’s disguised as a protein bar.
    1:01:49 And that’s why I love the protein bars from today’s sponsor, David.
    1:01:52 They are my go-to protein source on the run.
    1:01:56 I throw them in my bag whenever I am in doubt that I might be able to get a good source of protein.
    1:02:00 And with David Protein Bars, you get the fewest calories for the most protein ever.
    1:02:06 David has 28 grams of protein, 150 calories, and zero grams of sugar.
    1:02:12 I was actually first introduced to them by my friend Peter Atiyah, MD, who is their chief science officer.
    1:02:17 Many of you know Peter, and he really does his due diligence on everything.
    1:02:19 And on top of that, David tastes great.
    1:02:21 Their bars come in six delicious flavors.
    1:02:22 They are all worth trying.
    1:02:27 And as I mentioned before, I will grab a few of those from running out the door if I think
    1:02:31 I might end up in a situation where I can’t get sufficient protein.
    1:02:32 And why is that important?
    1:02:37 Well, adequate protein intake is critical for building and preserving muscle mass, especially
    1:02:38 as we age.
    1:02:44 And one of the biggest things that you want to pay attention to is counteracting sarcopenia,
    1:02:45 age-related muscle loss.
    1:02:47 And for that, you need enough protein.
    1:02:49 When in doubt, up your protein.
    1:02:52 Protein is also the most satiating macronutrient.
    1:02:53 What does that mean?
    1:02:58 It means that protein, out of carbohydrates, fat, and protein, inhibits your appetite while
    1:03:02 also feeding all the things you want to feed, which helps you consume fewer calories throughout
    1:03:02 the day.
    1:03:04 You’re less inclined to eat garbage.
    1:03:08 All of that contributes to fat loss and reducing the risk of various diseases.
    1:03:14 And now, you guys, listeners of The Tim Ferriss Show, who buy four boxes, get a fifth box for free.
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    Ev Williams is the co-founder of Mozi, a new social network that helps you connect in person with the people you care about. Over the past 25 years, Ev has co-founded several companies that have helped shape the modern internet—including Blogger, Medium, and Twitter. This episode was recorded live at Diggnation, where digg.com was relaunched. Go to digg.com and sign up to get early access when invites go out.

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  • #799: Richard Taylor and Greg Broadmore, Wētā Workshop — Untapping Creativity, Stories from The Lord of the Rings, The Magic of New Zealand, Four Tenets to Live By, and The Only Sentence of Self-Help You Need

    #799: Richard Taylor and Greg Broadmore, Wētā Workshop — Untapping Creativity, Stories from The Lord of the Rings, The Magic of New Zealand, Four Tenets to Live By, and The Only Sentence of Self-Help You Need

    AI transcript

    Richard Taylor is the co-founder and creative lead at Wētā Workshop, which he runs with his wife and co-founder Tania Rodger. Wētā Workshop is a concept design studio and manufacturing facility that services the world’s creative and entertainment industries. Their practical and special effects have helped define the visual identities of some of the most recognizable franchises in film and television, including The Lord of the Rings; Planet of the Apes; Superman; Mad Max; Thor; M3gan; and Love, Death, and Robots.

    Greg Broadmore is an artist and writer who has been part of the team at Wētā Workshop for more than 20 years. His design and special-effects credits include District 9, King Kong, Godzilla, The Adventures of Tintin, and Avatar, and he is the creator of the satirical, retro-sci-fi world of Dr. Grordbort’s. He is currently working on the graphic novel series One Path, set in a brutal prehistoric world where dinosaurs and cavewomen are locked in a grim battle for supremacy.

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    See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

  • #798: Terry Real, Relationship Coach — Tools and Practices for Couples

    #798: Terry Real, Relationship Coach — Tools and Practices for Couples

    AI transcript
    0:00:02 – Hello, ladies and germs, boys and girls.
    0:00:03 This is Tim Ferriss.
    0:00:05 Welcome to another episode of The Tim Ferriss Show.
    0:00:08 For this episode, I’m going to offer something
    0:00:09 a little different.
    0:00:12 I’m going to introduce you to Terry Reel.
    0:00:16 Terry Reel is by far the best relationship coach,
    0:00:20 the best couples therapist I have ever met.
    0:00:23 He does not just parrot back questions.
    0:00:24 If you ask him what he thinks,
    0:00:26 he will not just ask you what you think.
    0:00:29 He has strong opinions, positions.
    0:00:33 He says it straight and first and foremost,
    0:00:34 he has a toolkit.
    0:00:39 He has practices that are incredibly helpful for couples
    0:00:41 and his name has come up with various friends
    0:00:44 ranging from Kevin Rose to Dr. Peter Atia
    0:00:46 and he does not disappoint.
    0:00:47 So in this episode,
    0:00:49 because he is very, very hard to get a hold of
    0:00:51 for direct client work,
    0:00:55 you will get to in effect hear him like you would
    0:00:58 in a real session and I’ve done real sessions with him.
    0:01:00 So what you’ll hear in this episode and learn
    0:01:02 among other things are number one,
    0:01:05 that relationships are not always harmonious.
    0:01:06 And that’ll be obvious to anyone who’s been married
    0:01:08 for a while, for instance,
    0:01:11 but it is a constant cycle of harmony to disharmony
    0:01:13 and then repair.
    0:01:16 So the critical skill set is repair.
    0:01:19 And what I’m going to share in this episode,
    0:01:20 because I was so impressed by it,
    0:01:24 are a few chapters from his book, Fierce Intimacy.
    0:01:27 And this will provide you with a map
    0:01:29 for identifying losing strategies
    0:01:32 and replacing them with winning strategies.
    0:01:35 These are real approaches that you can use.
    0:01:36 So a bit of background on Terry,
    0:01:39 he is the creator of relational life therapy or RLT,
    0:01:41 which underpins all of his books, courses, teachings
    0:01:42 and so on.
    0:01:44 He is also the author of five books,
    0:01:46 including the New York Times bestseller Us,
    0:01:48 subtitled Getting Past You and Me
    0:01:51 to build a more loving relationship.
    0:01:52 Last but not least,
    0:01:54 I’ll throw in a little bonus and that is,
    0:01:57 if you’d like an extra dose of calm, C-A-L-M,
    0:01:59 I recommend checking out Henry Schuchman,
    0:02:01 a past podcast guest
    0:02:03 and one of only a few dozen masters
    0:02:05 in the world authorized to teach Sam Bozen.
    0:02:08 His app, The Way, has changed my life.
    0:02:09 I’ve been using it daily, often twice a day
    0:02:13 and it’s lowered my anxiety more than I thought possible.
    0:02:16 And equivalent to a lot of the more aggressive things
    0:02:19 I’ve done, like accelerated TMS and other therapies.
    0:02:22 So try it out for 30 free sessions,
    0:02:25 you can just visit TheWayApp.com/Tim,
    0:02:28 that’s TheWayApp.com/Tim, no credit card required.
    0:02:30 So you will have a very good feeling
    0:02:33 for if it’s working for you after, I would say, 10 sessions.
    0:02:37 You can find all things TerryReal at TerryReal.com,
    0:02:40 that’s T-E-R-R-Y-R-E-A-L.com.
    0:02:42 And now, please enjoy these chapters
    0:02:47 from Fierce Intimacy by none other than TerryReal.
    0:02:49 (upbeat music)
    0:02:52 – This altitude I can run flat out for a half mile
    0:02:54 before my hands start shaking.
    0:02:56 – Can I answer your personal question?
    0:02:58 – No, I would’ve seen it, but I don’t have time to answer.
    0:02:59 – What if I did the opposite?
    0:03:01 – I’m a cyber-nerdy organism,
    0:03:03 living this year over a mental endoskeleton.
    0:03:06 ♪ Me, Tim, Ferris, y’all ♪
    0:03:13 – Let me talk for a moment
    0:03:15 about the nature of relationships to begin with.
    0:03:21 All relationships are an endless dance
    0:03:25 of harmony, disharmony, and repair.
    0:03:30 Closeness, disruption, and a return to closeness.
    0:03:33 My paradigm for this came from the work
    0:03:36 of researcher Ed Tronic at Harvard,
    0:03:39 who was one of the first of a generation of people
    0:03:42 to actually plunk down a video camera
    0:03:45 and record what the transactions are
    0:03:47 between mothers and infants.
    0:03:50 Before infant observational research,
    0:03:53 Freud had taught us that the relationship
    0:03:56 between mothers and infants was an endless dance
    0:03:59 of oceanic bliss.
    0:04:02 Clearly, Freud had never talked to a mother.
    0:04:06 The real relationship, as Tronic’s video recorded,
    0:04:11 was this dance of closeness, disruption, and return.
    0:04:15 The infant starts off molded in the mother’s arms,
    0:04:17 totally relaxed, a little noodle,
    0:04:20 and they’re in perfect harmony with each other.
    0:04:23 Then some gas arises or a hunger pang
    0:04:25 or there’s a noise in the street.
    0:04:26 The baby goes nuts.
    0:04:29 The baby goes through a flurry of disruption.
    0:04:32 The mother tries to soothe the baby
    0:04:34 to the degree to which the mother fails.
    0:04:37 The mother goes through a flurry of disruption.
    0:04:40 The two of them are absolutely at odds with each other,
    0:04:42 trying to find harmony and peace.
    0:04:45 And then the pacifier is accepted
    0:04:48 or the nipple is taken or the gas passes
    0:04:50 or the noise dies away
    0:04:54 and the baby goes back to molded
    0:04:57 and noodle and all is well.
    0:05:01 This dance, harmony, disharmony, and repair
    0:05:04 is the essential rhythm
    0:05:09 of all human intimate relationships.
    0:05:11 Harmony, disharmony, and repair,
    0:05:14 closeness, disruption, and a return to closeness.
    0:05:18 This dance can play out 20 times
    0:05:21 during the course of one dinner conversation.
    0:05:23 During the course of one dinner conversation,
    0:05:26 your partner can look to you lovely,
    0:05:30 homely, scintillating, boring,
    0:05:33 just the way you can see yourself.
    0:05:35 The psychoanalyst, Ethel Person,
    0:05:39 once said that as you go through these endless variations
    0:05:42 during the course of one dinner conversation,
    0:05:45 handsome, ugly, scintillating, boring,
    0:05:49 a normal person gets up at the end of that dinner
    0:05:52 and says, that was a nice dinner.
    0:05:55 A grandiose or narcissistic person gets up and says,
    0:05:57 you know, if I was with the right partner,
    0:06:00 these fluctuations wouldn’t be happening.
    0:06:03 There’s nothing abnormal about this rhythm.
    0:06:06 It’s the same rhythm in the relationship you have
    0:06:11 with yourself, harmony, disharmony, and repair.
    0:06:15 Closeness, disillusionment, and a return to closeness.
    0:06:20 This relationship, harmony, disharmony, and repair
    0:06:23 can also play out during the course of decades
    0:06:27 in one marriage or one relationship.
    0:06:31 I talk about three phases of love.
    0:06:35 The harmony phase I call love without knowledge.
    0:06:37 You can have a deep soul recognition
    0:06:40 that this is the person who’s the dream of your life.
    0:06:44 And you may know that, but you don’t know
    0:06:46 what the bottom of their closet looks like,
    0:06:49 or what they do with their underwear at night,
    0:06:52 or how their bills are being paid.
    0:06:56 You have a deep intimate connection with them
    0:07:00 at one soulful level, but you don’t know them very well.
    0:07:04 That harmony phase is inevitably followed
    0:07:08 by disillusionment, disharmony.
    0:07:10 And when you’re in the disillusionment phase,
    0:07:13 I call that knowledge without love.
    0:07:17 Now you see all your partners, warts and moles,
    0:07:20 you know all about their imperfections,
    0:07:22 but you don’t love them very much.
    0:07:26 In fact, you’re pretty hurt and angry.
    0:07:29 This is the dark night of the soul
    0:07:33 that is a part of all relationships.
    0:07:36 And it’s rarely acknowledged in our culture.
    0:07:39 In our culture, just like a good body
    0:07:43 is a 17-year-old body, and a good sex life
    0:07:44 is the sex that you have
    0:07:46 in the first three months of your relationship.
    0:07:49 A good relationship is all harmony.
    0:07:53 There’s nothing about disharmony and repair.
    0:07:56 You know, just once, I’d like to be at a cocktail party,
    0:08:00 and instead of hearing, oh, there’s Herbie and Sylvia.
    0:08:02 They’ve been married 53 years,
    0:08:06 and they have the same wonderful, passionate sex life
    0:08:07 that they had in their 20s.
    0:08:08 They never fight.
    0:08:11 They’re always, just once instead of that,
    0:08:15 I’d like to hear, oh, there’s Herbie and Sylvia.
    0:08:17 They actually separated a couple of three times
    0:08:18 during the course of their marriage.
    0:08:20 He had an affair while they were separated.
    0:08:23 She’s really never quite completely gotten over it,
    0:08:26 but they’ve managed to survive, endure,
    0:08:29 and be with each other and not lose their grip.
    0:08:34 I think they’re really a loving pair, aren’t they cute?
    0:08:37 Just once, I’d like to hear that, but you don’t.
    0:08:41 Disharmony, disillusionment is rarely acknowledged.
    0:08:43 No one tells you how dark it is.
    0:08:46 No one tells you how raw it is.
    0:08:48 The great couples’ therapist,
    0:08:50 some would say the father of couples’ therapy,
    0:08:53 James Frimo, wrote back in the ’50s
    0:08:56 when it was assumed that the person you were sleeping with
    0:08:58 was your spouse, by the way.
    0:09:01 Frimo wrote, the day you turn over in bed,
    0:09:04 look at the person next to you and realize
    0:09:06 this is a dreadful mistake.
    0:09:08 You have been had.
    0:09:11 The one you fell in love with is not the one
    0:09:13 you’re spending your life with.
    0:09:18 That day says Frimo is the first day of your real marriage.
    0:09:22 Harmony and then disillusionment.
    0:09:24 Knowledge without love.
    0:09:25 It’s dark.
    0:09:26 It’s raw.
    0:09:27 It’s desperate.
    0:09:29 You feel very alone.
    0:09:31 You feel betrayed.
    0:09:32 You feel had.
    0:09:34 Guess what?
    0:09:36 That’s normal.
    0:09:38 That doesn’t mean you’re in a bad marriage
    0:09:40 or a bad long-term relationship.
    0:09:41 It means you’re married.
    0:09:47 It is an integral part of all relationships.
    0:09:50 For over 20 years, I’ve gone around the country
    0:09:52 talking to people about what I call
    0:09:55 normal marital hatred.
    0:09:56 And you know what?
    0:09:59 Not one person has gone backstage and said to me,
    0:10:01 “Terry, what do you mean by that?”
    0:10:06 Normal marital hatred is part of the deal.
    0:10:09 The trick is getting from that dark night
    0:10:11 back into the light again,
    0:10:14 moving from disharmony into repair.
    0:10:17 Disharmony into repair.
    0:10:19 What is repair?
    0:10:21 Knowing love.
    0:10:22 Mature love.
    0:10:27 In this phase, you also see your partner’s warts and molds,
    0:10:29 but you choose to love them anyway.
    0:10:31 They are worth it.
    0:10:34 The good things you’re getting outweigh the bad.
    0:10:37 Now, if you’re in a place
    0:10:40 where that disharmony phase is really calling to you
    0:10:45 and you’re thinking, “Should I stay or should I go?”
    0:10:47 I have a tool for you.
    0:10:51 And I like to interrupt whatever the lecture is
    0:10:54 to actually give you a concrete tool you might use.
    0:10:56 For those of you who are wondering
    0:10:58 whether you should stay or you should go,
    0:10:59 here’s the tool.
    0:11:02 I call it a relational reckoning.
    0:11:04 Relational reckoning.
    0:11:08 Relational reckoning is a question,
    0:11:12 a question that you ask yourself, and it’s simply this.
    0:11:16 Am I getting enough in this relationship
    0:11:21 to make grieving what I’m not getting worth my while?
    0:11:25 Am I getting enough in this relationship
    0:11:30 to offset the pain of what’s wrong and what’s lacking?
    0:11:34 And grieve you will.
    0:11:36 We long for perfection.
    0:11:39 We all long for gods and goddesses
    0:11:41 who will never let us down.
    0:11:43 But real relationships, of course,
    0:11:47 are about the collision of your human imperfection
    0:11:49 with your partners and how you manage it.
    0:11:52 I wouldn’t want a perfect relationship.
    0:11:56 The collision of my humanity with yours is the guts,
    0:12:00 the stuff of intimacy itself.
    0:12:02 Harmony, disharmony, repair.
    0:12:07 How do we get from disharmony to repair?
    0:12:10 That’s where the skills come in.
    0:12:14 And that’s where most of us lose our way.
    0:12:18 Because it’s only the functional adult part of us
    0:12:20 that will turn to skills.
    0:12:23 And what happens to the disharmony phase
    0:12:25 is that we are triggered.
    0:12:28 Early wounds, old family of origin dramas
    0:12:30 come to the surface.
    0:12:33 We take our eyes off the prize.
    0:12:36 We stop thinking about making things better
    0:12:38 between us and the partner we love.
    0:12:43 And instead, we are taken over by adaptive child strategies,
    0:12:47 by different agendas.
    0:12:50 And actually, I sat down one day
    0:12:53 and figured out what they were.
    0:12:55 They’re not infinite.
    0:12:56 They’re only five of them.
    0:13:00 Here are the five losing strategies.
    0:13:03 Being right, controlling your partner,
    0:13:05 unbridled self-expression,
    0:13:09 retaliation, and withdrawal.
    0:13:14 Being right, control, unbridled self-expression,
    0:13:17 retaliation, and withdrawal.
    0:13:19 Let’s take each of them in turn.
    0:13:22 Being right.
    0:13:28 How many of you have ever tried to “solve”
    0:13:30 or “resolve” an issue
    0:13:34 by sorting out which of the two of you was correct?
    0:13:36 Who remembered it correctly?
    0:13:38 Or whose feelings were valid?
    0:13:43 Or who has the correct perspective on this issue?
    0:13:46 What’s objectively true?
    0:13:48 How well did that work for you?
    0:13:49 You know what?
    0:13:53 Trying to solve an issue by figuring out who’s right
    0:13:56 is using the scientific method
    0:13:59 to solve your relational problems.
    0:14:01 I have a warm spot in my heart for it.
    0:14:04 It does not work.
    0:14:06 As we talk together,
    0:14:10 you’re going to be asked to swallow a few bitter pills.
    0:14:12 And here’s one of the first ones.
    0:14:13 Ready?
    0:14:18 Objective reality has no place in personal relationships.
    0:14:23 Objective reality doesn’t matter.
    0:14:25 The relational answer to the question who’s right
    0:14:27 and who’s wrong is who cares.
    0:14:31 What matters is,
    0:14:33 how are the two of us going to work like a team
    0:14:37 and solve this issue in a way that we can both live with?
    0:14:42 When you’re about trying to resolve your issue
    0:14:44 of who’s right and who’s wrong,
    0:14:47 you’re trying to resolve your differences
    0:14:49 by eradicating them.
    0:14:51 Let’s come up with one version
    0:14:53 of what the correct issue is here.
    0:14:57 And of course, when I do that with my wife, Belinda,
    0:15:01 she has an incredibly pathological pesky way
    0:15:03 of thinking that her version happens
    0:15:06 to be the one we should settle on.
    0:15:07 Poor woman.
    0:15:11 What being right leads you into as a couple
    0:15:15 is what I call perception battles or objectivity battles.
    0:15:16 You know what?
    0:15:19 Last night when we were at the Indian restaurant
    0:15:20 and you yelled at the waiter,
    0:15:22 “Honey, I didn’t yell at the waiter.
    0:15:24 I was being emphatic.”
    0:15:26 No, sweetheart, you weren’t emphatic.
    0:15:27 You were yelling.
    0:15:29 No, I was emphatic.
    0:15:32 Yelling, emphatic, yelling, emphatic.
    0:15:34 Well, you know what, dear?
    0:15:36 It so happens there was an audiologist sitting
    0:15:39 at the table next to us with an instrument
    0:15:41 that measured your decibel level
    0:15:45 and compared it to the norm of restaurant conversation.
    0:15:47 It’s a loser.
    0:15:50 It’s a dog chasing its own tail.
    0:15:52 Trying to sort out your differences
    0:15:55 by figuring out who’s right and who’s wrong
    0:15:58 is an endless losing strategy.
    0:16:01 At its most extreme,
    0:16:05 being right becomes self-righteous indignation.
    0:16:09 And self-righteous indignation is toxic in a relationship.
    0:16:11 There’s no place for it.
    0:16:13 There’s no need for it.
    0:16:14 It does damage.
    0:16:18 Self-righteous indignation is not just I’m right.
    0:16:20 It’s also you’re wrong.
    0:16:23 It’s intrinsically shaming.
    0:16:25 Otherwise, I wouldn’t be indignant.
    0:16:28 I’m indignant because you’re such a jerk.
    0:16:31 Lose this losing strategy.
    0:16:33 Being right will never work.
    0:16:37 The second losing strategy
    0:16:41 is trying to control your partner.
    0:16:45 Trying to get your partner to see this or that,
    0:16:46 to do this or that,
    0:16:50 is always intrinsically one-up and condescending.
    0:16:53 Who are you to tell another adult
    0:16:56 what they should or shouldn’t be doing?
    0:17:00 There are two forms of an attempt to control.
    0:17:01 There’s direct control.
    0:17:04 Sit down, shut up, and do what I tell you.
    0:17:08 And there’s indirect control, also called manipulation.
    0:17:10 Now, let me ask you.
    0:17:14 Which sex do you think specializes in direct control?
    0:17:16 You’re right.
    0:17:18 It’s a male thing.
    0:17:23 Often to great detriment, even at times abuse.
    0:17:29 And, sorry, which sex tends toward indirect control
    0:17:31 or manipulation?
    0:17:33 Yes, it’s women.
    0:17:38 Now look, women are not relational angels either.
    0:17:42 It is part of the traditional female role
    0:17:45 to be indirect and manipulative.
    0:17:49 One of the things I say is that leading men and women
    0:17:53 into increased intimacy is synonymous
    0:17:55 with leading them out of patriarchy,
    0:17:58 out of traditional gender roles for both.
    0:18:01 Because men learn to close their hearts
    0:18:05 and women learn to close their voices.
    0:18:09 You can’t blame a group for exercising indirect control
    0:18:12 when direct control has been blocked.
    0:18:15 But nevertheless, manipulation is part
    0:18:17 of the traditional female role.
    0:18:21 I don’t know how many of you ever seen the movie
    0:18:23 My Big Fat Greek Wedding.
    0:18:26 But you know, when you get into relational recovery,
    0:18:29 the culture at large finds things amusing or funny.
    0:18:32 And you are, frankly, somewhat appalled.
    0:18:37 Remember the scene where the mother triumphantly states,
    0:18:41 man is the head of the family, but woman is the neck.
    0:18:44 And where the neck moves, the head moves.
    0:18:46 Everybody thought that was adorable.
    0:18:48 I thought it was, frankly, appalling.
    0:18:52 It’s a pin to the power of manipulation.
    0:18:57 Men have a lot of reasons for mistrusting women.
    0:19:00 And many of them are about men and about men’s pathologies.
    0:19:02 But this one is real.
    0:19:05 Men mistrust women because they feel played by them.
    0:19:08 They feel managed by them.
    0:19:11 And it takes a lot to help a woman move out
    0:19:16 of managing their man to a place of forthrightness,
    0:19:18 of telling the truth and taking them on.
    0:19:22 It’s a scary thing to do for a lot of women,
    0:19:26 but it beats manipulation and control hands down.
    0:19:31 You know, short of a gun to the head,
    0:19:34 I don’t believe that anybody gets to control anybody.
    0:19:36 It’s a dance.
    0:19:39 One person acts in a bullying manner,
    0:19:41 and the other person relents.
    0:19:44 It’s a contract between the two of them.
    0:19:48 The person who’s relenting is not being made to relent.
    0:19:51 We don’t do victims in relational work.
    0:19:56 The person who relents relents because they choose to.
    0:20:01 So there is no such thing as an absolute ability to control.
    0:20:06 I’ll tell you, the person who had that one down
    0:20:08 was Mahatma Gandhi.
    0:20:10 Gandhi knew that if you were willing
    0:20:12 to sacrifice your life,
    0:20:16 no one could have any control over you whatsoever.
    0:20:19 That is the core of civil disobedience,
    0:20:22 which brought down an empire.
    0:20:27 So control is an illusion, but it’s a costly illusion.
    0:20:30 You may not really control your partner.
    0:20:33 You can act like you’re controlling your partner.
    0:20:35 You may win the battle.
    0:20:37 You will lose the war.
    0:20:39 Can I tell you why?
    0:20:40 Ready?
    0:20:42 Here’s a big spiritual truth.
    0:20:45 When I do this in a workshop,
    0:20:47 I actually ask people to give me a drum roll.
    0:20:50 So in your mind’s eye, give me a drum roll.
    0:20:51 Here it is.
    0:20:55 People don’t like being controlled.
    0:20:57 You wanna hear that again?
    0:20:59 People don’t like being controlled.
    0:21:02 You can bully your way through and wind up
    0:21:06 at the Chinese restaurant instead of the Japanese restaurant
    0:21:08 and get your way in the short run,
    0:21:12 but there will be payback in resentment.
    0:21:15 Every time your partner goes beyond their limits
    0:21:18 and yields to you in ways they don’t really want to,
    0:21:21 trust there will be an underbelly.
    0:21:22 There will be payback.
    0:21:25 It’s not in your interest,
    0:21:29 whether the control quote unquote works or doesn’t work,
    0:21:32 it in reality never works.
    0:21:33 Give it up.
    0:21:39 The third losing strategy is one of my personal favorites,
    0:21:41 unbridled self-expression.
    0:21:43 Ventilating.
    0:21:46 It’s not just you did this today,
    0:21:47 but you did this today,
    0:21:49 you did the same thing a week ago,
    0:21:52 you did other things three weeks ago,
    0:21:54 10 years ago you did this, that and the other thing,
    0:21:58 you never, you always, you are,
    0:22:00 I feel so bad about.
    0:22:04 I call this the barf bag approach to intimacy.
    0:22:05 Blah.
    0:22:09 Here, hold this, I feel so much better.
    0:22:12 Listen, bringing in every past offense
    0:22:17 that remotely ties into the current issue is not a winner.
    0:22:22 Throwing in the kitchen sink is not going to get you anywhere.
    0:22:24 And I’ll tell you why.
    0:22:25 This is kind of interesting.
    0:22:29 Functional moves in a relationship
    0:22:32 are moves that empower your partner
    0:22:34 to come through for you, right?
    0:22:36 You want them to change.
    0:22:38 Functional moves on your side
    0:22:40 are moves that invite them to change.
    0:22:42 Functional moves in a car
    0:22:44 are moves that get the car to go.
    0:22:47 Dysfunctional moves in a relationship
    0:22:50 are moves that render your partner helpless.
    0:22:53 The more helpless you render your partner,
    0:22:57 the dirtier and nastier the move is gonna feel.
    0:23:01 So you tell somebody what they didn’t do today,
    0:23:03 they can do something about it.
    0:23:06 You tell them what they didn’t do today,
    0:23:09 two days ago, three years ago, five years ago,
    0:23:12 there’s a lot less they can do about it.
    0:23:14 At this point, they’re starting to feel helpless
    0:23:16 and helpless always means resentful.
    0:23:21 You tell them what they did two, three, four years ago
    0:23:24 and then you move into what I call trend talk.
    0:23:26 You always, you never.
    0:23:29 You always like this, you’ll never do this
    0:23:32 and you’re pounding the guy or gal into the ground.
    0:23:34 There’s really nothing they can do about it.
    0:23:38 And then the next step in most escalations is character.
    0:23:41 You did this, you’ve done it before,
    0:23:44 you always, you never, you are a.
    0:23:45 You’re basically a slob.
    0:23:48 You’re basically a witch like your mother.
    0:23:52 You’re basically a selfish jerk like your dad.
    0:23:56 That is truly nasty and truly helplessness engendering.
    0:24:00 You know, this is something the field of psychotherapy
    0:24:03 has been a great aider and a better of.
    0:24:07 The idea here is that you either get it off your chest
    0:24:11 or you somehow inhibit it to your detriment.
    0:24:14 You either express it or you’re suppress it.
    0:24:15 That’s Freud.
    0:24:19 You know, when Freud was writing,
    0:24:23 the great metaphor of the time was the internal steam engine.
    0:24:25 It was the industrial revolution,
    0:24:29 just like computers today are the great metaphor of our time.
    0:24:32 The steam engine was then, and if you read Freud,
    0:24:35 the human psyche looks like a steam engine.
    0:24:39 Energy gets dammed up over here and leaks out over there,
    0:24:42 gets suppressed over here and explodes over there.
    0:24:45 It’s like we’re a hydraulic machine.
    0:24:48 It doesn’t work like that in real life.
    0:24:51 If you don’t express every emotion you’re feeling,
    0:24:55 trust me, your ears will not fall off your head.
    0:24:56 I can prove it to you.
    0:24:59 Look, how many of you are parents?
    0:25:02 If you’re a parent and you’re listening to this program,
    0:25:05 ask yourself this question and be honest.
    0:25:07 How many times when I’ve been interacting
    0:25:10 with little Johnny or little Sally,
    0:25:13 have I wanted to throw the bugger out the window?
    0:25:15 How many times have I wanted to haul off
    0:25:17 and yell and scream and carry on
    0:25:20 at my impossible demonic child?
    0:25:22 If you’re honest, there are lots of them.
    0:25:27 Do you do it? Sometimes you may yell more than you want to,
    0:25:29 but mostly you contain yourself.
    0:25:33 That’s a good example of using that containing boundary.
    0:25:35 You don’t yell and scream and call your kids
    0:25:39 all sorts of mean and nasty names if you’re a healthy parent,
    0:25:42 even though you may have the impulse to do so.
    0:25:44 Okay, so you’ve just spent your time,
    0:25:46 your day, with your child,
    0:25:48 who’s been really impossible that day
    0:25:51 and you’ve really wanted to just be angry
    0:25:54 and expressive to them, but you’ve controlled yourself.
    0:25:57 When your partner comes home and relieves you,
    0:26:00 do you say to them, look, I need to go into a quiet closet
    0:26:03 and yell and scream for 15 minutes
    0:26:04 to get this off my chest?
    0:26:08 I’ve been suppressing it all day? Of course you don’t.
    0:26:11 You know that not doing that to your child
    0:26:14 is just part of being a grownup.
    0:26:17 Those are not pent up emotions.
    0:26:21 Those are emotions that you’ve chosen not to express
    0:26:25 because it’s not appropriate for you or the child.
    0:26:26 Well, guess what?
    0:26:30 It’s not appropriate for you and your partner either.
    0:26:35 I will give you a format for complaining about your partner
    0:26:37 as we go along this program.
    0:26:41 Trust me, it is very rigid.
    0:26:45 It is very structured and it’s very brief.
    0:26:50 Ventilating ad nauseam is not a winning strategy.
    0:26:53 Neither is excessive sharing.
    0:26:55 I remember a guy walked into my office
    0:26:58 and looked at his wife and said,
    0:27:02 “You know, honey, as sexy as you are,
    0:27:03 “for all these years,
    0:27:07 “I’ve always been secretly attracted to your sister.
    0:27:10 “Gee, it’s great to get that off my chest.
    0:27:13 “Yeah, great for him.
    0:27:15 “His wife wasn’t having a good day.
    0:27:18 “You know what, use that containing boundary.
    0:27:20 “Keep it to yourself.
    0:27:24 “Don’t be immoderate in your speech to your partner.
    0:27:26 “Be an adult.
    0:27:30 “Unbridled self-expression is no favor to anybody.
    0:27:31 “Knock it off.”
    0:27:36 The fourth losing strategy is another one of my favorites,
    0:27:41 retaliation, revenge, getting even.
    0:27:44 I don’t get hurt, I get even.
    0:27:48 I often call one of my great mentors, P.M. L.L.D.,
    0:27:51 our lady of a thousand homilies,
    0:27:53 because she had a terrific repertoire
    0:27:57 of wonderful, pithy phrases and saying.
    0:27:59 And one of my favorites is what she called
    0:28:03 offending from the victim position, OFF,
    0:28:06 offending from the victim position.
    0:28:08 It’s about retaliation.
    0:28:11 It’s about self-righteous indignation.
    0:28:14 It’s about saying, “Well, you hurt me,
    0:28:17 “so I get to hurt you at least as much if not more,
    0:28:20 “and I have no shame or compunction about doing that
    0:28:21 “because I’m your victim.”
    0:28:26 Let me tell you, I believe offending from the victim
    0:28:29 accounts for 90% of the world’s violence.
    0:28:34 That and the other 10% is just a raw grab for resources.
    0:28:39 Offending from the victim position is the cycle of violence.
    0:28:41 You killed my brother, I’ll burn down your village.
    0:28:44 You burn down my village, I’ll rape your grandmother.
    0:28:48 You rape my grandmother, and on and on it goes.
    0:28:51 Offending from the victim position puts you
    0:28:56 in the crazy position of being, in fact,
    0:28:59 a perpetrator and offender,
    0:29:01 while featuring yourself as a victim.
    0:29:04 This is nuts.
    0:29:07 Here’s what I have to tell you.
    0:29:12 Every offender thinks that he’s a victim.
    0:29:17 Every perpetrator thinks that she herself
    0:29:20 has been perpetrated and moved into self-righteous
    0:29:23 indignation and revenge.
    0:29:29 It was my wife, Belinda, who gave me the best framework
    0:29:33 for understanding retaliation and understanding it
    0:29:35 with a more empathic response.
    0:29:39 She said that retaliation was really
    0:29:41 a perverse form of communication.
    0:29:46 That the essence of the retaliatory agenda,
    0:29:49 the punchline was when the other partner falls
    0:29:53 on his or her knees and says, oh my God, I get it now.
    0:29:55 I understand what I did to you
    0:29:58 because I’m feeling the same thing now.
    0:30:00 Please forgive me.
    0:30:02 Forget it.
    0:30:05 Punitiveness, punishing somebody,
    0:30:08 will never bring them into increased accountability.
    0:30:12 But you know, the more unaccountable somebody is,
    0:30:15 the more vengeful we tend to get.
    0:30:17 Even in our legal system,
    0:30:19 if one person appears before the judge
    0:30:22 and seems sincerely contrite
    0:30:25 and another person acts like they don’t care a damn,
    0:30:27 the person who acts like they don’t care a damn
    0:30:29 will get a stiffer sentence.
    0:30:33 We tend to be more punitive as people are less acknowledging.
    0:30:35 We’ll get back to that later.
    0:30:36 But you know what?
    0:30:39 Retaliation is a loser.
    0:30:41 You will never bring somebody
    0:30:45 into increased accountability by hurting them.
    0:30:47 I would like to get that message
    0:30:49 across to our penal system.
    0:30:53 There are two forms of retaliation,
    0:30:56 direct retaliation, which is rage,
    0:31:01 or indirect retaliation, which is passive aggression.
    0:31:04 The covert expression of anger,
    0:31:07 not by what you do, but by what you don’t do,
    0:31:09 by what you withhold.
    0:31:12 Here’s passive aggression.
    0:31:13 One of my kids when they were little
    0:31:15 told me this silly joke.
    0:31:18 The masochist says to the sadist,
    0:31:19 “Hit me, hit me.”
    0:31:23 And the sadist smiles and says, “No.”
    0:31:25 That’s passive aggression.
    0:31:28 It’s the way I was when I was behind a wall
    0:31:30 after Belinda and I would have a big fight.
    0:31:32 And she would say, “Isn’t it great
    0:31:34 to be close to each other again?”
    0:31:36 And I would go, “Sure.”
    0:31:39 That’s passive aggression.
    0:31:41 It’s retaliation.
    0:31:44 And whether your retaliation is direct,
    0:31:47 yelling, screaming, throwing things,
    0:31:50 hurting your partner the way you think they hurt you,
    0:31:52 or whether it’s indirect
    0:31:56 through a kind of a tight-assed non-giving,
    0:31:59 retaliation never works.
    0:32:01 It will not get you what you want.
    0:32:04 Your partner will not move into accountability.
    0:32:08 And it is a classic losing strategy
    0:32:11 that does enormous damage in your relationship.
    0:32:16 The final losing strategy is withdrawal.
    0:32:18 And I make a distinction between
    0:32:20 passive aggressive retaliation,
    0:32:22 which may look like withdrawal,
    0:32:25 but it’s really screw you,
    0:32:27 versus actual withdrawal,
    0:32:29 where you leave the field.
    0:32:31 It’s refusing to engage.
    0:32:34 You can refuse to engage about an issue.
    0:32:36 We’re not gonna talk about little Timmy,
    0:32:39 or we’re not gonna talk about sex.
    0:32:40 It can be an opting out
    0:32:43 of a particular aspect of your relationship,
    0:32:47 like physical affection or erotic joy.
    0:32:50 It can be checking out of the relationship entirely.
    0:32:55 People will move into withdrawal.
    0:32:57 They will give up on an issue
    0:33:00 or on a particular aspect of the relationship,
    0:33:03 and think that they’re moving into acceptance.
    0:33:05 Well, I’m just accepting
    0:33:08 that we can’t talk about our parenting,
    0:33:10 and I’ve made my peace with that.
    0:33:11 No, you haven’t.
    0:33:13 You’re lying to yourself.
    0:33:16 The trick is, are you resentful?
    0:33:20 If you’re resentful, you are not truly into acceptance.
    0:33:23 If there’s a shred of resentment,
    0:33:26 move back into engagement and duke it out.
    0:33:27 Fight the good fight.
    0:33:30 Withdrawal is not acceptance.
    0:33:33 Also, withdrawal is different
    0:33:35 from taking healthy space,
    0:33:38 from responsible distance taking.
    0:33:42 Withdrawal is unilateral and it’s a rupture.
    0:33:46 Here’s a skill that I can teach you.
    0:33:48 When I work with couples,
    0:33:52 I make a distinction between provocative distance taking,
    0:33:55 withdrawal, and responsible distance taking.
    0:33:59 Withdrawal or provocative distance taking is just,
    0:34:00 I’m taking it.
    0:34:01 I’m out of here.
    0:34:03 No, I’m not gonna do it.
    0:34:05 This conversation’s over.
    0:34:07 That’s withdrawal.
    0:34:10 Responsible distance taking has two parts to it.
    0:34:12 I’m taking distance.
    0:34:15 Here’s for how long.
    0:34:17 Here’s when I come back.
    0:34:20 And here’s why I’m doing it.
    0:34:23 There’s an explanation, and there’s a promise of return.
    0:34:29 This does a lot to quell your partner’s anxieties.
    0:34:31 It is not a rupture.
    0:34:33 It is a break.
    0:34:35 But you have to do it responsibly.
    0:34:37 Take care of your partner.
    0:34:39 Just don’t be unilateral.
    0:34:42 Be accountable in your distance taking.
    0:34:44 I’m taking distance.
    0:34:46 Here’s why I’m taking distance.
    0:34:48 And here’s when I’m coming back.
    0:34:53 Being right, controlling your partner,
    0:34:58 unbridled self-expression, retaliation, and withdrawal.
    0:35:02 None of these, and no combination,
    0:35:04 will ever get you more of what you want
    0:35:06 in your relationship.
    0:35:07 You know why?
    0:35:09 You’re not trying.
    0:35:10 I have a saying, for example.
    0:35:12 You can be right or you can be married.
    0:35:14 What’s more important to you?
    0:35:16 You ask that adaptive child part of you,
    0:35:17 what’s more important?
    0:35:19 Buddy, it’s right down the line.
    0:35:22 Who cares about the relationship?
    0:35:24 Once your adaptive child takes over,
    0:35:27 losing strategies reign.
    0:35:29 And you have lost your perspective.
    0:35:31 You’ve lost your compass.
    0:35:34 You have not kept your eyes on the prize,
    0:35:37 which is remembering that the person you’re speaking to
    0:35:38 is someone you love.
    0:35:40 And the reason why you’re speaking
    0:35:42 is to make things better.
    0:35:46 Instead, you’re speaking to be right,
    0:35:51 or to control, or to vent, or to hurt, or to withdraw.
    0:35:57 Okay, it’s time to out yourself once again.
    0:36:01 You know, a lot of what we’ve been doing so far,
    0:36:04 I call shaking hands with your adaptive child.
    0:36:08 It’s about getting to know that adaptive child part of you
    0:36:12 that can run amok in your relationships.
    0:36:14 It’s really important to understand where you are,
    0:36:17 and what that child part of you is all about,
    0:36:20 in order for you to encircle that child,
    0:36:22 and help manage them.
    0:36:26 So let’s take a look at what we call your LSP,
    0:36:29 your losing strategy profile.
    0:36:32 Take a moment and think, or if you’re home,
    0:36:37 whip out a piece of paper, and a pen, and write this down.
    0:36:42 What are my most usual losing strategies?
    0:36:45 Could be one, I usually withdraw.
    0:36:47 Could be a combination.
    0:36:51 I move into being right in unbridled self-expression,
    0:36:55 or I move into being right in controlling my partner.
    0:36:59 It could be a two-step, but don’t get too complicated.
    0:37:03 Most two-steps are, I’m right, or controlling,
    0:37:07 or vending, or retaliating, that’s the first step,
    0:37:09 and when that doesn’t work, I withdraw.
    0:37:13 That’s a usual two-step pattern.
    0:37:15 What is your losing strategy profile?
    0:37:18 What is the one or combination of losing strategies
    0:37:22 you will fall prey to when the heat of the moment
    0:37:25 has knocked you out of your functional adult?
    0:37:27 Take a moment and note that.
    0:37:42 Now, you know, as acute as you might be
    0:37:47 in understanding your own human limitations,
    0:37:52 we tend to be even more perspicacious about our partners.
    0:37:54 So, sometimes when I’m doing these exercises,
    0:37:56 I actually ask people to diagnose their partner
    0:37:58 before they diagnose themselves,
    0:38:00 because partners are easier to do.
    0:38:02 But you just did the heroic job
    0:38:05 of looking at yourself squarely in the mirror
    0:38:08 and looking at your usual losing strategy.
    0:38:12 Now, it’s time for those of you who are in a current relationship
    0:38:15 to look at your partner’s losing strategy.
    0:38:17 What does he or she do when they lose it
    0:38:19 in the heat of the moment?
    0:38:25 Being right, control, ventilation, retaliation, or withdrawal.
    0:38:39 Now, the simple task is to put these two together.
    0:38:40 Remember the vicious circle?
    0:38:44 Remember that the more the more that dance?
    0:38:46 Well, here’s the simplest way of unearthing
    0:38:49 the more the more between you and your partner.
    0:38:53 The more I fill in the blank of your losing strategy,
    0:38:56 the more he or she fill in the blank
    0:38:58 of his or her losing strategy.
    0:39:02 The more I am about being right,
    0:39:04 the more my partner ventilates.
    0:39:06 And the more my partner ventilates,
    0:39:08 the more I’m about being right.
    0:39:10 The more I try to control my partner,
    0:39:12 the more my partner withdraws.
    0:39:13 And the more they withdraw,
    0:39:16 the more I try to control them.
    0:39:18 The simplest way of unearthing the dynamic
    0:39:22 between you and your partner is just put
    0:39:25 your losing strategy profile up against theirs.
    0:39:28 And you will get the dynamic, the dance,
    0:39:30 the burying, the two of you.
    0:39:35 Come out of these losing strategies.
    0:39:37 Come out of the adaptive child
    0:39:42 and move into your functional adult.
    0:39:44 Move into the circle of health.
    0:39:47 – Hey guys, this is Tim again,
    0:39:49 just one more thing before you take off.
    0:39:52 And that is Five Bullet Friday.
    0:39:54 Would you enjoy getting a short email from me every Friday
    0:39:57 that provides a little fun before the weekend?
    0:39:59 Between one and a half and two million people subscribe
    0:40:02 to my free newsletter, my super short newsletter
    0:40:04 called Five Bullet Friday.
    0:40:06 Easy to sign up, easy to cancel.
    0:40:10 It is basically a half page that I send out every Friday
    0:40:12 to share the coolest things I’ve found or discovered
    0:40:14 or have started exploring over that week.
    0:40:16 It’s kind of like my diary of cool things.
    0:40:18 It often includes articles I’m reading,
    0:40:22 books I’m reading, albums perhaps, gadgets, gizmos,
    0:40:24 all sorts of tech tricks and so on.
    0:40:26 They get sent to me by my friends,
    0:40:28 including a lot of podcast guests.
    0:40:32 And these strange esoteric things end up in my field
    0:40:36 and then I test them and then I share them with you.
    0:40:39 So if that sounds fun, again, it’s very short,
    0:40:41 a little tiny bite of goodness before you head off
    0:40:43 for the weekend, something to think about.
    0:40:45 If you’d like to try it out,
    0:40:47 just go to tim.blog/friday, type that into your browser,
    0:40:51 tim.blog/friday, drop in your email
    0:40:53 and you’ll get the very next one.
    0:40:54 Thanks for listening.
    0:40:57 (upbeat music)
    0:41:07 [BLANK_AUDIO]

    For this episode, I’m doing something a bit different. I’m featuring five chapters from the audiobook Fierce Intimacy by Terry Real. What you will hear in this episode will help you identify both your and your partner’s losing strategies in relationships, and help you move from disharmony to repair. Terry is the creator of Relational Life Therapy, or RLT, which underpins all his books, courses, and teachings and equips people with the powerful relational skills they need to make love work. He is also the author of five books, including the New York Times bestseller Us: Getting Past You and Me to Build a More Loving Relationship

    And if you’d like an extra dose of calm, I recommend checking out Henry Shukman, a past podcast guest and one of only a few dozen masters in the world authorized to teach Sanbo Zen. Henry’s app, The Way, has changed my life. I’ve been using it daily, often twice a day, and it’s lowered my anxiety more than I thought possible. For 30 free sessions, just visit thewayapp.com/tim. No credit card required.

    Excerpted from Fierce Intimacy: Standing Up to One Another with LOVE by Terry Real (Sounds True, 2018.). Used with permission.

    *

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  • #797: Dr. Keith Baar, UC Davis — Simple Exercises That Can Repair Tendons (Tennis Elbow, etc.), Collagen Fact vs. Fiction, Isometrics vs. Eccentrics, JAK Inhibitors, Growth Hormone vs. IGF-1, The Anti-RICE Protocol, and How to Use Load as an Anti-Inflammatory

    Dr. Keith Baar is a Professor at the University of California, Davis in the Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology. During his Ph.D. studies, his research revealed that mechanical strain on muscle fibers activates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, a crucial regulator of muscular hypertrophy. Subsequently, he studied the molecular dynamics of skeletal muscle adaptation to endurance training under the guidance of Dr. John Holloszy, a legend in the field of exercise physiology, considered the father of modern exercise biochemistry. Building on all of this experience, he conducted research into tendon health and the potential for engineering ligaments, which could have implications for treatment and recovery from injuries.

    Sponsors:

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    *

    Links to everything discussed: https://tim.blog/2025/02/26/dr-keith-baar/

    Timestamps:

    [00:00:00] Start

    [00:07:12] How I discovered Keith’s work through a tweet about tennis elbow and rock climbing.

    [00:07:54] Emil Abrahamsson’s hangboard training protocol.

    [00:09:20] The fundamental principles of strength training and connective tissue adaptation.

    [00:10:36] mTOR complex 1 and its role in muscle growth.

    [00:12:06] Engineered ligaments and the discovery of minimal effective doses for tendon adaptation.

    [00:13:50] The refractory period between optimal tendon loading sessions.

    [00:16:42] Rapamycin’s effects on muscle hypertrophy.

    [00:18:49] Protocols for tennis elbow rehabilitation.

    [00:20:28] Why isometrics work better than eccentrics for tendon healing.

    [00:22:14] Stress shielding and how load distribution affects tendon healing.

    [00:29:07] The misconception about eccentric loading for tendon injuries and why velocity matters.

    [00:29:58] Ideal duration for isometric holds (10-30 seconds) based on injury status.

    [00:33:50] My elbow issues and current rehab approach.

    [00:36:02] Overcoming vs. yielding isometrics and optimal loading strategies.

    [00:47:11] Dr. Barr’s movement prescription for my tennis elbow.

    [00:52:18] Loading timing post-surgery and RICE protocol criticism.

    [00:56:58] Achilles tendon rehabilitation after surgery.

    [01:00:18] Critique of orthopedic suturing techniques and recommendation for resorbable sutures.

    [01:04:02] Multiple position isometrics for tennis elbow rehabilitation.

    [01:07:26] Collagen synthesis, supplementation, and vitamin C timing.

    [01:12:59] Critique of BPC-157 and other injectable peptides for tendon healing.

    [01:18:19] Evaluation of orthobiologics’ (PRP, prolotherapy, stem cells) effectiveness.

    [01:21:37] JAK-STAT inhibitor drugs and their effects on tendon growth.

    [01:25:35] Drugs that increase risk of tendon ruptures (fluoroquinolones, AT-1 receptor drugs).

    [01:29:33] How estrogen affects tendon stiffness and injury risk in women.

    [01:32:48] Testosterone’s opposite effects on tendon compared to estrogen.

    [01:35:31] Protein intake recommendations and timing.

    [01:40:11] Ketogenic diet effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and longevity.

    [01:41:57] Comparison of ketogenic diet, low protein diet, and rapamycin for longevity.

    [01:47:19] Inflammation’s role in adaptation and when to reduce it.

    [01:51:17] Timing of ice baths relative to training for optimal recovery.

    [01:52:33] Parting thoughts.

    *

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  • #796: L.A. Paul — On Becoming a Vampire, Whether or Not to Have Kids, Getting Incredible Mentorship for $250, Transformative Experiences, and More

    #796: L.A. Paul — On Becoming a Vampire, Whether or Not to Have Kids, Getting Incredible Mentorship for $250, Transformative Experiences, and More

    AI transcript
    0:00:11 Well, hello boys and girls, ladies and germs. This is Tim Ferriss. Welcome to another episode of the Tim Ferriss Show, where it is my job to deconstruct and investigate world-class performers in many different disciplines.
    0:00:25 My guest today is L.A. Paul. L.A. Paul is the Millstone Family Professor of Philosophy and Professor of Cognitive Science at Yale University, where she leads the self and society initiative for the WooSci Institute.
    0:00:32 Her research explores questions about the nature of the self and decision-making in the metaphysics and cognitive science of time, cause, and experience.
    0:00:46 Now, that’s a mouthful, but we also get into vampire thought experiments, how to decide or how to think about deciding whether or not to have a kid that is children, and many other things you can apply to your own lives.
    0:00:53 L.A. Paul is also the recipient of fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Humanities Center, and the Australian National University.
    0:01:05 She is the author of Transformative Experience, that’s how I was introduced to her work, and co-author of Causation, a User’s Guide, which was awarded the American Philosophical Association Sanders Book Prize.
    0:01:17 Her work on transformative experience has been covered by The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Guardian, NPR, and the BBC, among others, and in 2024 she was profiled by The New Yorker, which is also an amazing read that I recommend.
    0:01:24 She’s currently working on a book about self-construction, transformative experience, humility, and fear of mental corruption.
    0:01:42 Fundamentally, this conversation focuses on how you can make decisions or think about making decisions where the person you are now is not the same person you are afterwards, and the most resonant example of that is deciding whether or not to have children.
    0:01:48 So please enjoy a very wide-ranging conversation with none other than L.A. Paul.
    0:02:04 But first, just a few quick words from our fine podcast sponsors and only maybe 15%, 20% at most of the people who want to be sponsors for the show become sponsors because I personally test and vet everything.
    0:02:07 So with that said, please enjoy.
    0:02:12 Coffee, coffee, coffee, man, do I love a great cup of coffee? Sometimes too much.
    0:02:14 Then I’ll have two, three, four, five cups of coffee.
    0:02:24 I do not love the jitters that come from that or how even one really strong cup of coffee can impact my sleep, which I measure in all sorts of ways, which HRV and blah, blah, blah, blah, blah.
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    0:05:37 At this altitude, I can run flat out for a half mile before my hands start shaking.
    0:05:39 Can I answer your personal question?
    0:05:41 No, I just need an appropriate time.
    0:05:46 I’m a cybernetic organism living this year over a metal endoskeleton.
    0:06:07 So I am very interested in someone by the name of Quentin Smith and the role that he played in your life. How did that connection happen and what was the result of that connection?
    0:06:25 So I was at Antioch College. I had gotten my undergraduate degree, I think, or I was close to finishing. I can’t quite remember exactly when I met him. But I was already thinking I wanted to study philosophy, but wasn’t sure how to go about it because I don’t have an undergraduate degree in philosophy.
    0:06:39 In fact, I tried twice to take philosophy classes and each time it was a huge disaster, I realized about three or four weeks into the class it just wasn’t working for me. So I dropped out. I never managed to take a single philosophy class when I was in college.
    0:06:47 And yet, don’t ask me to explain this. I have no idea. I was convinced that philosophy was probably the thing that would be most meaningful for me to study and explore.
    0:06:55 I don’t know what to tell you about that other than I can be a reasonably stubborn individual in various ways as my husband won’t be happy to elaborate on it.
    0:07:07 So I thought I really want to study philosophy. I don’t know how to do this or what the best way is. And there are lots of different kinds of philosophy I’ll just add. So you can do kind of Western philosophy, Eastern philosophy.
    0:07:21 These are rough categories, you know, where so like Eastern might be in my city, Buddhism or related sorts of kind of faith based philosophical views. And then within Western style philosophy, there are like sort of continental philosophy and analytic style philosophy, which is what I do anyway.
    0:07:33 So I didn’t even have a grasp of these distinctions, but I was committed. Okay, so I was needed to earn some money because, you know, I graduated and I was just sort of living hanging out with friends of trying to figure out what my next step would be.
    0:07:44 So I worked for the college, driving back and forth to the airport to pick up invited speakers. And Quentin Smith was an invited speaker. So I drive to the airport and I pick him up.
    0:07:50 I don’t think I knew anything about it. It wasn’t like I thought, oh, a philosopher, I want to meet this person. There’s just some random invitation.
    0:08:01 He gets in the car. Yeah, some random pickup. Right. I picked him up and gets in the car. Then we start talking. It’s a long drive. I think it was like, I don’t remember. I think he came in to like Cincinnati.
    0:08:10 So we had like an hour and a half. And he asked me about myself and I asked him about him and he I discovered he’s a philosopher. And then we start talking and say, oh, I really would love philosophy and I really want to do it.
    0:08:19 But I don’t really know how and I don’t know if the things I’m interested in are really philosophical. And he said, well, tell me about it. And I said, well, I really care about like how to understand who we are in the world.
    0:08:30 And I think a lot about time and I’m trying to kind of make sense of what it’s like to have kind of a point of view. And so I started just blabbing, you know, basically as I’m, I don’t know how old I was like 22 or something.
    0:08:37 And he said, as we’re driving, he’s like, you should study philosophy. You’re exactly the kind of person who would be interested in doing philosophy.
    0:08:44 And I said, well, what should I say? He said, well, you should read Martin Heidegger’s being in time to start because that’s all about the nature of the self and time.
    0:08:54 And I said, okay. And then we kept going and we kept talking. And I said, okay, I’m going to read this book. And then he said, well, I think you should read the book. And then he said, and I think you also should study with me.
    0:09:02 This is after like an hour, like an hour, because I told him, you know, I studied chemistry and I really loved problem solving. So I loved organic chemistry.
    0:09:08 And that’s what I was really into when I was in college. And I was good at it. Like, you know, I mean, it was my thing. I could have become a chemist.
    0:09:17 I also drove him back from his talk. But I thought, okay, wow. So he goes off to have his visit. And I immediately go to the library, dig out being in time and start reading it.
    0:09:26 And I thought, this is fantastic. Confusing, but really interesting. So then I drive him back. I tell him what I’ve gotten out of like the first, I don’t know, like 10 pages. It was very dense.
    0:09:34 It’s like, you know, it took me forever to read it. But I managed to get through 10 pages. And he said, you should study with me. Here are my details. Let’s figure this out.
    0:09:46 And so that was how it started. I didn’t know anything about him, but he was so great to talk to and so responsive. And he understood, he understood the intellectual problems that I wanted to explore, because he explores those intellectual problems.
    0:09:53 And I had never met anybody who had any understanding of this weird orientation that I had.
    0:09:56 I can tell you more, but that’s how it happened. It was like completely random.
    0:10:09 I’m going to come back to Quentin Smith, but I want to call back to something that you said a few minutes ago, which was you took some philosophy classes and paraphrasing here, and they were disasters. Why were those classes disasters? What didn’t work?
    0:10:15 Nothing worked. I mean, okay, so there were a combination of things. And some of it was me and some of it was certainly the teachers.
    0:10:34 And also some of it was analytic philosophy can be extremely inaccessible. It’s a beautiful way of thinking, and it involves a very rigorous conceptual concepts-oriented approach to thinking about almost anything that you want to pick out in the world around us or how we think and how we make sense of the world.
    0:10:49 But it’s not very accessible in the sense that it doesn’t feel very natural. And so the first thing was I was both immature, very impressed with myself in the sense of like, well, I’ll just do this, you know, you know, I do mathematics, I do chemistry, I do physics, like, well, of course I can do this.
    0:11:02 And I think I underestimated things, but also the teaching wasn’t very good. I put myself through college and I started at a big state school and the class was huge and the professor wasn’t really into the teaching and I had some TA.
    0:11:11 And so, you know, she would stand down there, it was huge, like there must have been 300 students in the lecture hall and she would stand down on this blackboard and scribble things on the blackboard and I could barely see it.
    0:11:20 And I didn’t understand really what she was doing. I would do the readings and work really hard to understand the readings. The TA wasn’t especially into his job either.
    0:11:27 And then there was the first assignment. I worked incredibly hard on it, incredibly hard. And I had taken other classes like writing classes and stuff like that.
    0:11:40 And the TA hated it. And I was so angry that I just dropped the class. Like, you know, I was like, I’m sorry, but this is bullshit. So I dropped the class. That was the first time.
    0:11:49 And part of it was like, the class wasn’t really designed. It was like designed, oh, these are the things you should know if you are going to think about philosophy is like a 101 and she started out with some history.
    0:11:57 But it just wasn’t when no one seemed to really care about like how to take these abstract ideas and connect them to things that were meaningful in a certain way.
    0:12:06 Like, I care very much about the nature of how we live our lives, the kinds of struggles that individual people have. I’m fascinated by the fact that all of us have these internal worlds.
    0:12:16 And then there’s some way in which we all have these internal worlds. And then these internal worlds have to kind of coexist with the external world and we have to try to make sense of everything and try to understand other people.
    0:12:23 These are like deep puzzles for me. And it’s not that analytic philosophy doesn’t address this, but it doesn’t address it in a straightforward way.
    0:12:32 It was actually sad. It was Descartes that really like she started with. And that Descartes talks about the mind body problem, but she didn’t like make any connection to like these sorts of questions.
    0:12:40 It was just like, oh, the mind is different from the body. And here are these questions. And here’s an analysis of what Descartes was saying and what the problem was.
    0:12:52 And so it wasn’t a good experience. And then the second time I took a more applied class. And this was a philosophy of law class. And I tried this. And this also didn’t go well.
    0:13:02 And there’s another thing, which is that I may have mentioned I was a stubborn person. Well, I have views. And I was committed to trying to kind of argue something that was kind of creative also with the first paper.
    0:13:11 Actually, I wanted to kind of give my own perspective. And I’m sure that it was raw and not especially good in various ways. But it wasn’t stupid. You know what I mean?
    0:13:22 And I got treated as though I was making a mistake by trying to kind of really engage in a very kind of open and creative way as opposed to just kind of vomit back what I was being told.
    0:13:34 Okay, I’m not going to mention the schools I was at. I mean, I put myself through school, I had to kind of apply. So it was a mix of things that made it go badly and blame can be spread all around. Anyway, that’s what happened.
    0:13:48 Alright, thank you for answering that. Part of the reason I wanted to ask this is that many people listening will not know how philosophy applies to their lives or they have had similar experiences.
    0:13:58 They take a philosophy class and it’s an hour and a half of trying to define what is is and they’re like, I don’t know how this is relevant to my life. I’m out.
    0:14:06 And I would like to think of myself as a curious person, but I’ve had these experiences where it’s like, okay, I’m interested in like the limits of our language and the limits of our world.
    0:14:12 Let me get into Wittgenstein and I’m like, wow, cool family, but I cannot decipher this guy any which way from Sunday.
    0:14:23 And then I’ve had a few experiences that have brought things home. I won’t make this into a soliloquy, but I remember taking a freshman class when I was undergrad of Princeton with Gideon Rosen.
    0:14:41 And I believe it was introduction to epistemology, something like that, which ended up as a course title. None of us knew how to make any sense of, but he was so good at weaving stories together with the concepts that it was very compelling.
    0:14:51 And very, very memorable to the extent that here I am, whatever it is 25 plus years later and I still remember the impact of that class.
    0:15:01 And I just want to give credit where credit is due to a lovely Austrian woman is now at HBS Harvard Business School, who gave me a copy of your book, Transformative Experience.
    0:15:13 And that was my personal experience of reading some of the examples in that, which we’ll get to, whether it be the cochlear implants or some of the other thought experiments that we’ll certainly get into.
    0:15:22 I was like, okay, I can connect this to some real or hypothetical lived experience that I’ve had or might have, right?
    0:15:24 And that made at least all the difference for me.
    0:15:31 So I wanted to learn about the early failures because a lot of people listening are going to go, oh, God, conversation with a philosopher.
    0:15:34 This is going to turn into a bunch of intellectual masturbation.
    0:15:36 I’m not going to know what to do with it anyway.
    0:15:38 No, completely legit.
    0:15:44 Yes, you’ll discover that the sentence snow is white is true if and only if snow is white.
    0:15:46 I mean, you know, come on.
    0:15:48 I mean, that’s actually very important.
    0:15:51 But as a matter of, I’m just going to give you a better background.
    0:15:53 So I went to Princeton for my PhD.
    0:15:54 Amazingly, they let me in.
    0:15:55 I was this crazy person, okay?
    0:15:56 And then we could talk about that.
    0:15:57 But they let me in.
    0:16:01 And I was a TA teaching fellow for Gideon for that class.
    0:16:02 Oh, no kidding.
    0:16:03 Wow.
    0:16:04 Small world.
    0:16:05 Yeah.
    0:16:06 So I know exactly what you’re talking about.
    0:16:07 Gideon is an amazing teacher.
    0:16:13 He’s actually one of the best people to talk to to get a sense of an idea and get it framed.
    0:16:19 You can see immediately like what the main idea is, why it’s important and what the problems are as well.
    0:16:20 Unbelievable teacher.
    0:16:22 I mean, the lectures were unreal.
    0:16:23 Yeah.
    0:16:24 Totally fantastic.
    0:16:27 And so I think the teaching does really matter.
    0:16:30 And very few people are lucky enough to be introduced to philosophy by Gideon.
    0:16:38 But I think it’s also the case independently of teaching ability or teaching focus that analytic philosophy is.
    0:16:46 There’s a sense in which, well, it’s not unfair to call it a kind of intellectual masturbation in certain contexts where it can seem like that or it can descend into that.
    0:16:47 I’m not going to deny it at all.
    0:16:53 And I’m not going to deny that I might also kind of fall into that in various kinds of contexts when I’m hanging out with the right sorts of people.
    0:16:55 But I think it’s also really important.
    0:16:59 You might have to cut that if I say I’m doing intellectual masturbation.
    0:17:00 Exactly.
    0:17:01 It can be very rewarding.
    0:17:02 Okay.
    0:17:07 So you don’t have to cut it.
    0:17:08 Okay.
    0:17:09 Yeah.
    0:17:23 I do think that because in a quest for kind of clarity and precision, sometimes if that’s the priority and I respect that as a priority, it can be easy to leave other things aside.
    0:17:24 But my approach is different.
    0:17:26 I mean, I do technical work on causation.
    0:17:29 I do collaborative work with computational cognitive scientists.
    0:17:40 There’s plenty of stuff that’s maybe a little bit less accessible than the transformative experience work with there because with that book and with the work I’ve been doing subsequently, I was returning to my roots.
    0:17:46 I was there wanting to do, I wanted to approach the topics that made me go into philosophy and that I find deeply meaningful.
    0:17:52 And I thought, well, I have to pair the search for rigor with accessibility.
    0:17:58 And maybe some of it comes from my father because my father, see, you’re getting personal stuff now.
    0:18:00 I can’t believe I’m telling you about my father.
    0:18:02 It’s like you’re my philosophy therapist.
    0:18:07 That’s my side hustle.
    0:18:10 You know, whatever it takes.
    0:18:21 So my dad always felt that, like he liked to read pop science and he always felt like it was really important that people learned about the kinds of intellectual education, like the kinds of intellectual activities that people did.
    0:18:26 He was fascinated by astronomy in particular and the nature of the universe and physics generally.
    0:18:40 And so there was a part of me that thought, well, I have to pair a search for precision with a way of developing the ideas that would capture the content in an intuitive way.
    0:18:49 And partly it’s because when you’re trying to do something new and I am trying to do something new and I was trying to do something new, you have to be guided by a kind of gut instinct and understanding that it’s right.
    0:18:54 Because I think if you haven’t got that gut instinct, it’s really easy to lose track.
    0:19:03 So the thought is, well, if I’m going to do this, approach this topic, I have to approach it in a way that kind of follows like a deeply intuitively grasp.
    0:19:07 And then especially when I’m confused, I can kind of reach back to that.
    0:19:13 And if it’s really right, I should be able to explain it to somebody without a technical apparatus.
    0:19:23 But then I should also be able to embed it in that technical apparatus and use that to draw out the consequences in an especially precise and interesting and rewarding way and then take it back to the intuition.
    0:19:25 And that is what I have tried to do.
    0:19:27 I’m happy with my results.
    0:19:30 I’m not going to promote myself, but I think that’s been my goal.
    0:19:31 That is my goal.
    0:19:32 It’s incredibly hard.
    0:19:34 Well, that’s true.
    0:19:35 I guess that’s what people do.
    0:19:39 No, it’s incredibly hard to do that, try to capture these ideas.
    0:19:40 So that’s the take.
    0:19:43 And I think I’ve been so happy because people seem to get it.
    0:19:44 It seems to be–
    0:19:45 It resonates.
    0:19:47 And I looked at some of my– yeah, it resonates.
    0:19:51 And I looked at some of my philosophical heroes, which would be Thomas Nagel, Saul Kripke.
    0:19:56 Because these are people in the field who have really managed to develop things.
    0:20:00 And also, never mind my early failure to appreciate Descartes.
    0:20:08 Later on, like Descartes and Hume, all of these philosophers, there’s a way to understand their work using very simple examples that brings out the heart of it.
    0:20:11 Actually, Gideon was really good at that, like teaching Hume, for example.
    0:20:13 He just really could bring that out.
    0:20:15 So I was like, OK, this is what I can do.
    0:20:16 This is what I’m going to do.
    0:20:17 Or at least I’m going to try.
    0:20:19 So I promised I would come back to Quentin.
    0:20:27 And I feel like this is a decent enough place as any to try to figure out how you have landed where you are.
    0:20:30 And also how you think about different decisions.
    0:20:34 So I’m going to read something from the New Yorker profile.
    0:20:36 And then I want to unpack a little bit.
    0:20:38 So this won’t take too, too long.
    0:20:39 Just a few lines.
    0:20:43 Smith suggested that Paul read widely and reach out to philosophers whose work intrigued her.
    0:20:47 Perhaps he said they would agree to correspond with her for a modest sum.
    0:20:52 A letter writing campaign resulted in a sort of pedagogical supervision by mail with three of them.
    0:20:57 Paul offered to each a $250 personal check and asked if they would reply to letters about her work,
    0:20:59 as well as comment on a paper of her own.
    0:21:00 They agreed to correspond with her.
    0:21:04 She now suspects, quote, “not quite knowing what they were signing up for,” end quote.
    0:21:10 Every two weeks for many months, Paul mailed at least 20 typewritten pages to each philosopher attempting to dissect their arguments one by one.
    0:21:13 They responded to all of your letters.
    0:21:17 And by the end of the experiment, you felt more sure of yourself.
    0:21:19 Obviously, I’m paraphrasing the last few lines.
    0:21:21 There’s so much here in this paragraph.
    0:21:24 I’ll throw these out and then you can answer them in any particular order you like.
    0:21:30 One is, did they actually take your check or did you make the offer and then they not take the check but correspond with you?
    0:21:35 The second is, how did you choose the people you reached out to?
    0:21:38 Like what drove this selection?
    0:21:42 I offered to pay them and they all said yes.
    0:21:49 And then at the end, I said, okay, I’m going to send you the check and only one person took it.
    0:21:57 And I don’t want to out that person because that person was also very supportive to me in my later career and they earned their $250.
    0:21:58 Yeah, it’s also a deal is a deal.
    0:22:00 Like there’s nothing wrong with taking it.
    0:22:01 Yeah, I had no problem with it.
    0:22:04 I was surprised that the other two didn’t.
    0:22:06 Like they’re per hour labor on that one.
    0:22:08 Exactly, exactly.
    0:22:12 I mean, and I took out student loans to do all this and I had earmarked that money.
    0:22:13 It was all fine.
    0:22:14 I didn’t object.
    0:22:19 I paid Antioch College much more or Antioch University at the time, much more than that amount.
    0:22:27 That degree was like, I just basically I paid them money so that it was official, but the people who really did the work didn’t make anything.
    0:22:30 How did you choose those particular people to write to?
    0:22:35 And how many did you write to to get the three to actually buy it?
    0:22:36 Oh, everybody said yes.
    0:22:37 Everybody said yes.
    0:22:39 I have a science background.
    0:22:41 I was very interested in the nature of time.
    0:22:44 And I had been working with Quentin on the philosophy of time.
    0:22:51 So Quentin was a very unusual philosopher in terms of his training and his intellectual discipline and what he worked on a variety of things.
    0:22:53 He didn’t fit into the mainstream philosophy.
    0:22:58 And that was actually great for me because I didn’t fit in either and he was open to that and he helped me.
    0:23:06 So I talked to Quentin and he said, well, I needed some kind of degree in philosophy and some kind of paper to apply to PhD programs.
    0:23:13 So the thought was I’m going to Antioch College had this basically a degree by mail where you could get an individualized master of arts.
    0:23:15 You pay the university some enormous amount.
    0:23:17 It wasn’t that much, but it seemed like a lot to me.
    0:23:19 And then you had to kind of do your own thing.
    0:23:22 And as long as you did your own thing, you would get this master’s degree.
    0:23:23 Pretty sweet.
    0:23:24 Okay.
    0:23:25 Sign me up.
    0:23:26 Yeah, exactly.
    0:23:32 I mean, there were a few other things you had to have some like a professor had to sign off or whatever, but Quentin signed off on everything.
    0:23:35 So he said, well, okay, you want to do some course equivalents.
    0:23:37 Why don’t you do something in philosophy of time?
    0:23:38 I have this friend.
    0:23:39 He does philosophy of time.
    0:23:40 He’d work with you.
    0:23:41 He’d be great.
    0:23:42 And I said, great.
    0:23:43 So that was straightforward.
    0:23:47 And then he said, well, how about I want to choose some female philosophers because there’s hardly any.
    0:23:49 I’d like to work with some women.
    0:23:59 And so I went to the bookstore and looked at the philosophy section and I found two books, recent books by female philosophers, one in philosophy of mind and one in philosophy of science.
    0:24:01 And I said, what about these two?
    0:24:02 And he said, okay, great.
    0:24:03 Write to them.
    0:24:07 And I wrote to another person as well who did logic and I was going to work with her as well.
    0:24:12 But I did not have the background and it became clear because I didn’t have like logic is requires.
    0:24:16 She’s a very sophisticated logician and she would want me to do something at the graduate level for this.
    0:24:18 And I’d never even taken basic logic.
    0:24:21 So that was like kind of a no go, but it didn’t matter.
    0:24:23 But the other two immediately said yes.
    0:24:25 And the plan was for me and all of them had recent books.
    0:24:31 So I just worked through their books chapter by chapter and like just worked like crazy.
    0:24:39 It just strikes me as a very deliberately or accidentally smart way to approach things by going through someone’s book.
    0:24:40 Right.
    0:24:44 I mean, on one hand, you’re kind of flattering them by going through it so seriously.
    0:24:52 And then secondly, benefiting from getting their clarification, stress testing your own interpretations and maybe criticisms.
    0:24:53 Oh, yeah.
    0:24:55 Oh, I would read a chapter and I’d be like, but what about this?
    0:24:56 And this seems wrong to me.
    0:24:57 And I can’t understand this.
    0:24:58 I don’t know why you did that.
    0:25:00 And I don’t have any of that material anymore.
    0:25:05 I’m sure some of it was the kind of like was raw, you know, like kind of dumb question material.
    0:25:06 But I think some of it was not bad.
    0:25:11 Like I did think it through really, really carefully and I’m, you know, reasonably intelligent.
    0:25:20 And so I think I was able to come up with an interesting kind of challenging 20 page discussion of their chapter.
    0:25:24 So they would write back to me these long and their letters back to me were always very long.
    0:25:27 Like at least 10 pages, sometimes more.
    0:25:28 It’s incredible.
    0:25:31 What is the role of philosophy in our modern times?
    0:25:36 I’m just going to use this moment to give a shout out to Agnes Kellard, who you should absolutely interview.
    0:25:38 Oh, I have questions about her as well.
    0:25:39 Yeah.
    0:25:43 And I mean, I think there are lots of roles for philosophy.
    0:25:45 And there’s the question is like, what is it in general?
    0:25:49 And then what part of it am I interested in, in particular in my career?
    0:25:52 And I mean, I think philosophy plays a lot of different roles in particular.
    0:25:59 Like its most basic role is really to teach you how to think about things.
    0:26:03 And that involves this goes back to analytics, philosophy is weirdness.
    0:26:07 You can’t think about something unless you have some kind of conceptual framework for it.
    0:26:16 You know, you got to be able to like provide some structure to your thoughts in order to, you know, something like, OK, what are you going to take as fundamental?
    0:26:18 What do you take the framework to be here?
    0:26:19 What does this apply to?
    0:26:20 What do my terms mean?
    0:26:23 And even just doing that can teach you an awful lot about something.
    0:26:30 So I wanted to think about like the nature of time and how the mind embeds itself in the world and how we understand ourselves as selves in time.
    0:26:37 And to do that in a productive way, I absolutely had to like learn a bunch of stuff about what does identity through time mean?
    0:26:38 Like what even is time?
    0:26:40 What do you mean by a point of view?
    0:26:43 Like what’s so important about the way that we experience ourselves in time?
    0:26:44 Lots of stuff.
    0:26:49 And so the primary goal I think of philosophy is to kind of teach you how to think about these things.
    0:26:51 But there are lots of other important things.
    0:27:02 Like I teach a class here at Yale that I think of as sort of like philosophy of mind for computer scientists, cognitive scientists, neuroscientists, as well as philosophy majors.
    0:27:12 Because it’s all about showing how really interesting kinds of philosophical concepts are coming up all the time now with like artificial intelligence and all the questions about like what it means for a machine.
    0:27:14 You know, could a machine be intelligent?
    0:27:16 Do LLMs have any kind of knowledge?
    0:27:17 What is chain of thought reasoning?
    0:27:18 Why is this helpful?
    0:27:24 All kinds of things that really actually, if it’s framed the right way, people see are super relevant to the work that they’re doing.
    0:27:28 Even engineers who don’t tend to be especially philosophically inclined as a group.
    0:27:32 No shade on engineers is just like, you know, people have their preferences.
    0:27:34 I mean, I think that’s the most basic thing.
    0:27:43 I also think the role of philosophy is to kind of uncover or discover some of the most fundamental truths about both human beings and about the nature of the world.
    0:27:45 And that’s a beautiful thing to be able to study.
    0:27:50 I think it’s so incredible to be able to spend my time thinking about these things.
    0:27:51 Vampires.
    0:27:55 How do vampires fit into your life and why do they fit into your writing?
    0:27:56 Oh, vampires.
    0:27:59 I love vampires so many ways they fit in.
    0:28:06 So my favorite thought experiment involves vampires because I like to use it to illustrate the concept of transformative experience.
    0:28:10 Maybe just because I like vampires so much, I think it’s an especially good way to kind of illustrate the concept.
    0:28:13 And also because it’s not a real life.
    0:28:15 I don’t think vampires are real.
    0:28:21 And the beautiful thing about a thought experiment is you can design it the way that you want to kind of illustrate the structure of a concept.
    0:28:25 But then I also think that the structure of that concept then fits to real life cases.
    0:28:27 So my example, I’m just going to tell you this.
    0:28:28 Yeah, let’s do it.
    0:28:38 The way that I think about this is I imagine, or you imagine, I ask you to imagine traveling through some part of, you know, on your summer vacations, traveling through some part of Europe.
    0:28:45 And you decide to explore a castle, you’re in Romania, let’s say, and you go down to the dungeons and Dracula comes to you.
    0:28:49 And he says, I want to make you one of my own.
    0:28:52 I’m going to give you a one time only chance.
    0:28:54 You could become one of my followers.
    0:28:55 It’ll be painless.
    0:28:57 You’ll enjoy it, in fact.
    0:29:01 But this is a one time only chance and it’s irreversible.
    0:29:06 And then he says, go back to your Airbnb and think about it until midnight.
    0:29:09 And if you choose to accept my offer, leave your window open.
    0:29:13 And if you choose to decline it, leave your window shut and leave and never come back.
    0:29:18 So I see this as a really interesting possibility because, you know, vampires are sexy.
    0:29:20 They look great in black.
    0:29:22 They have amazing powers.
    0:29:24 They probably have defensive sense perception.
    0:29:25 Yeah, virtually.
    0:29:27 I mean, as long as they stay away from…
    0:29:28 Virtually, virtually.
    0:29:30 They have some things they have to check off, yeah.
    0:29:31 Yeah, exactly.
    0:29:33 There are certain obstacles.
    0:29:36 But in general, yeah, for all intents and purposes, immortal.
    0:29:40 And so this seems pretty cool, but they’re not human.
    0:29:42 You’d have to exit the human race.
    0:29:44 You have to sleep in a coffin.
    0:29:48 You can’t enjoy the sunshine anymore and you have to drink blood.
    0:29:50 And I try to separate out some of the ethical questions.
    0:29:55 So let’s say it’s artificial blood or the blood of humanly raised farm animals or something like that.
    0:29:56 Still, right now…
    0:29:58 Coffin’s pretty cozy.
    0:29:59 Yeah, Coffin’s reasonable.
    0:30:00 I mean, reasonable.
    0:30:01 I don’t know.
    0:30:02 I mean, I don’t know.
    0:30:03 I’m not…
    0:30:06 Okay, it’s lined with satin, but it still might be a bit hard for my mattress preferences.
    0:30:12 But the idea is that these things, while they seem interesting, they also seem kind of alien, right?
    0:30:17 And I think in particular, not only will you have to drink blood, but you will love the taste of it.
    0:30:19 Like, you will thirst for it, right?
    0:30:25 And even ethical vampires have to kind of keep themselves from like sucking the blood of their human compatriots.
    0:30:27 So that’s quite alien.
    0:30:36 And I wanted to kind of bring out how the possibility of becoming another kind of individual can seem incredibly alien.
    0:30:43 Because obviously, I take it that most of us don’t enjoy or thirst after the taste of blood or think about the different varietals.
    0:30:45 Like it’d be some kind of fancy wine.
    0:30:47 But if you became a vampire, you would.
    0:30:48 Okay.
    0:30:54 So the way that I think about it, then, is I continue the story and it’s like, okay, so you rush back to your Abraham being.
    0:30:58 You start calling people or texting them, telling about what happened to you.
    0:31:01 And you find out that a bunch of your friends have already become vampires.
    0:31:05 So then you immediately want to find out, well, wait, tell me about what it’s like.
    0:31:06 Like, what’s it like to be a vampire?
    0:31:07 Do you like it?
    0:31:08 Should I do it?
    0:31:12 And they tell you that they love it and it’s fabulous and it’s totally incredible.
    0:31:19 And they also tell you you can’t possibly understand what it’s like to be a vampire as a mere human.
    0:31:23 They say life has meaning, it has a kind of purpose that, you know, is exquisite.
    0:31:26 But until you become a vampire, you can’t possibly understand it.
    0:31:28 You lack the capacity.
    0:31:29 So you’re like, okay, thanks.
    0:31:30 So what do I do?
    0:31:36 Because if you can’t possibly understand what it’s like to be a vampire, then you either have to do it just because all of your friends do it.
    0:31:37 And they say it’s great.
    0:31:39 And they tell you they think it would be great for you.
    0:31:45 But there’s no way you can actually kind of conceive of what it would be like to do that.
    0:31:48 And it, I’m sure it hasn’t escaped your thought.
    0:31:54 It certainly didn’t escape my imaginings that, well, maybe there’s something about being a vampire that makes you really happy to be a vampire.
    0:32:01 So maybe like when you become this other species, there’s some kind of biological evolutionary thing that makes you really glad that you’re a vampire.
    0:32:02 Right.
    0:32:05 So it’s not even clear what their testimony applies.
    0:32:06 Okay.
    0:32:07 So that’s my example.
    0:32:15 And my favorite application is to becoming a parent because speaking as someone who wasn’t quite clear about whether they wanted to have children.
    0:32:17 I have two children and I love them very much.
    0:32:18 And I’m very happy.
    0:32:25 But there’s something about becoming a parent that makes you like producing the child that you actually produce that makes you very.
    0:32:26 I mean, I love my children.
    0:32:28 I wouldn’t exchange them for anything else in the world.
    0:32:31 You know, if I’d gotten pregnant a month later, I would have loved that child too.
    0:32:35 But there’s no way that I would exchange my current child for the child I could have had.
    0:32:39 You just get incredibly attached to these children in a completely legitimate way.
    0:32:42 And, you know, you would never change what you’ve done.
    0:32:45 And that’s awfully like the testimony that you get from vampires.
    0:32:46 Okay.
    0:32:50 So I think, you know, also, you don’t get, you know, you stay up a lot at night, right?
    0:32:52 There are many similarities.
    0:32:59 Vampires kind of illustrate the possibility of undergoing a transformative experience like a life changing something that’s life changing.
    0:33:05 But also where you change the kind of mind you have in a certain way or what you care about most in a certain way.
    0:33:10 That means that you would make yourself into a kind of alien version of yourself.
    0:33:19 Like someone who’s alien to you now and who you might not even want to be now, even if once you become that person or that version of yourself, you’re super happy.
    0:33:26 If I had some kind of modal scope and I could look at my future stuff, I could have looked at my future self before I decided I wanted to have kids.
    0:33:32 I got up at 4 a.m. every day for years to write before my children woke up.
    0:33:41 I mean, no one ever told me that that was something I would want to do and if they had told me I would have denied it strenuously because I could barely get up before noon when I was a graduate student.
    0:33:43 And I did it willingly.
    0:33:44 Something happened.
    0:33:46 I was clearly a victim of some kind of Stockholm syndrome.
    0:33:58 So the thought is that when you face a certain kind of transformative experience that I don’t think it’s just having a child, I think like deciding to go to war or maybe moving to an entirely different country.
    0:34:06 Maybe getting some kind of, if you’re diagnosed with some kind of disease and getting some kind of like radically experimental treatment, there are lots of things that can count as transformative.
    0:34:15 But if you don’t know what it’s going to be like on the other side of that experience and you know it’s going to make you into a version of yourself that right now you find alien.
    0:34:18 I don’t know how we’re supposed to make that decision if it’s up to us.
    0:34:35 We can’t use the ordinary models that we use for rational decision making because those assume that you can see through the options to assign the value and model them for yourself and choose in a way that’s going to, as you say it, we say it in a technical way, maximize your expected value.
    0:34:41 And if you can’t assign value and you can’t really understand what it’s like to be this kind of a self, then that procedure just doesn’t work.
    0:34:58 Tell me if I’m off base here, but also fundamentally, even if you’re trying to calculate or maximize your expected value and assign these different values, you’re doing it from the perspective of your current version of yourself and your current preferences.
    0:35:03 And after you become a vampire or after you have a kid, you may be a different person with different preferences.
    0:35:11 So do you make the decision based on the preferences of your current self or the preferences of your expected future self?
    0:35:13 There’s a way of capturing the puzzle, as you said.
    0:35:31 So given the fact that these are new kinds of experiences, so a kind of experience you’ve never had before, and I compare this to like Mary growing up in a black and white room and seeing color for the first time or Thomas Nagel talking about like, you can’t understand like for a bat what it’s like for a bat to be a bat.
    0:35:32 Yeah, exactly.
    0:35:39 So there are these like new kinds of experiences that are just very different from any kind of experience we’ve had before.
    0:35:44 And so that means there’s just a sense in which we can’t kind of from the inside kind of imagine what they’re like, even if someone can describe.
    0:35:48 Try to describe to me like what it’s like to see red and you see the problem right away.
    0:35:52 We just don’t like language just kind of gives out if I haven’t seen red before.
    0:35:53 I have no color vision.
    0:36:05 Okay, so there’s a sense in which we kind of can’t see through a certain kind of veil and across that veil, the self that we’re going to be the kind of person that you’re going to realize is just like really different.
    0:36:08 So you can’t just assume you’re going to be basically the same.
    0:36:13 This puts us into the situation where you’re making a choice for your future self.
    0:36:18 And that future self might have preferences that are super different from your current self.
    0:36:20 And by definition and this break.
    0:36:21 So now here’s a little technical bit.
    0:36:23 So we talked about the intuitive idea.
    0:36:29 I find it easy to understand when I think about someone who doesn’t maybe doesn’t want to have a child or really is unsure.
    0:36:33 And they know that if they choose to have a child, they’re going to be super happy with that result.
    0:36:40 But they don’t trust the fact that in virtue of like becoming a parent, it’s going to kind of rewire them in their preferences in a certain way, right?
    0:36:44 Sure, I’ll be really happy, but I don’t know if I want to be that self right now, given who I am now.
    0:36:50 And I can’t understand in a really deep way what it’s going to be like to have that child.
    0:36:56 So I have to kind of, you know, leap over the abyss or leap into the abyss, I guess, if I want to do it.
    0:37:05 So if you find yourself in that situation, what you’re confronting involves what I describe as a violation of act state independence.
    0:37:07 Okay, so here’s the technical part comes.
    0:37:09 You’ve got the intuitive idea.
    0:37:17 Act state independence involves very roughly a distinction between the act that you’re performing and the state that you’re in.
    0:37:22 Or that’s how I’m going to interpret it here. There are different ways to interpret it, but this is the way to do it here.
    0:37:26 And so normally when you’re confronted with, oh, do I want to do something?
    0:37:30 Do I want to try this kind of ice cream or do I want to have this cup of coffee?
    0:37:32 You don’t change in the process of trying it.
    0:37:35 So after you do it, you can kind of assess, oh, I liked it.
    0:37:36 Oh, it was good.
    0:37:45 That’s meaningful to you beforehand because you know that you’re going to stay constant through the change in your circumstances, like tasting the new kind of ice cream.
    0:37:55 But in this case, having the experience, let’s say tasting the new kind of ice cream was going to like rework your flavor profile so that you would just like a whole bunch of different things after that.
    0:37:58 Well, that changes the state that you’re in at the same time.
    0:38:01 And so your act and your state are not independent.
    0:38:05 And if you break that, that’s an axiom for rational choice theory.
    0:38:09 That has to be a foundational element of the model to make straightforward inferences.
    0:38:20 There are all kinds of fancy things you have to do if that breaks, and these cases of transformative experience and decision making are precisely cases in which that breaks.
    0:38:24 Just a quick thanks to one of our sponsors and we’ll be right back to the show.
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    0:39:35 I want to make a few references and read something here.
    0:39:41 The first is I have to say, if this philosophy thing doesn’t work out for you, you should be a copywriter for Madison Avenue
    0:39:49 because the transformative experience grew out of, as I understand it, a working paper titled “What You Can’t Expect When You’re Expecting.”
    0:39:51 That’s pretty clever. I have to give you that.
    0:39:53 That is very, very clever.
    0:39:56 And I want to read just a paragraph from Alice Gregory.
    0:40:02 This is, again, from the New Yorker piece, which I think underscores a lot of angst
    0:40:09 that modern and well-educated folks have, particularly women, I would think.
    0:40:10 And here we go.
    0:40:12 All right, this is from the piece.
    0:40:15 “When I approached Paul about the possibility of a profile, I was in the spirit of self-help.
    0:40:18 I was 31 and obsessed with whether or not I should have a child.
    0:40:23 The question felt huge and opaque, like one that neither data nor anecdote could solve.
    0:40:27 I thought about it all the time, though, quote-unquote, thinking is probably too precise a verb.
    0:40:31 It was more like a constant buzz, scoring the background of daily life in a tone.
    0:40:34 They’re registered somewhere between urgency and tedium.
    0:40:35 She’s a very good writer.
    0:40:40 The bad parts were easy to picture, less time, less sleep, less money.
    0:40:45 The awesome parts, expelling a new person out of my own body, say, were quite literally inconceivable.
    0:40:52 The dilemma felt impossible as if I were attempting to convert dollars into the currency of a country that didn’t yet exist.
    0:40:59 So I think that really does a brilliant job of putting into words what a lot of people feel.
    0:41:07 So if you can’t, as one of my friends, I don’t want to name him, but a very, very successful chess competitor said,
    0:41:16 “You can’t always calculate to mate,” meaning if you try to make a plan from move one to the end of the game,
    0:41:21 and then in your opponent’s third move, they do something unexpected, this whole calculate to mate doesn’t work.
    0:41:24 Now, there are some situations, perhaps, in which you can do that.
    0:41:30 You can reverse engineer and plot out step by step how you might achieve something and kind of execute the plan.
    0:41:32 But then you have these transformative experiences.
    0:41:36 And I suppose I’m wondering, and God, you must get sick of people asking this,
    0:41:42 but what do you do given the difficulty and the different nature of these types of decisions?
    0:41:43 How do you approach it?
    0:41:47 Because in some of the reading I’ve done, because I don’t have kids, I would like to have kids.
    0:41:51 I would like to hit some prereqs first before I do that.
    0:41:57 But there are some things, say, moving to a different country, which in most instances are going to be reversible.
    0:42:01 So yes, it could be transformative, but you could move back to your country of origin.
    0:42:04 Having a kid, bless so.
    0:42:11 And I’m curious what advice you give to people when they come to you wringing their hands and say,
    0:42:20 “Well, how do I do it then?” Because you could make the argument that you can ascribe a value to the learning
    0:42:26 and transformation itself of leaping into the abyss with a transformative experience.
    0:42:31 But then it strikes me that you’d be at the risk of always being biased towards action, right?
    0:42:34 Doing the thing that could potentially be transformative.
    0:42:35 And then what do you do?
    0:42:39 Well, things are not always good when transformation does not.
    0:42:44 There’s a popular conception of transformative experience involving a kind of epiphany and that kind of thing.
    0:42:46 And that can happen for sure.
    0:42:50 But the way I’m talking about transformative experience, it’s not always like that.
    0:42:52 Remember that whole thing about you suffer.
    0:42:54 I mean, you kind of don’t mind it, but you certainly suffer.
    0:42:56 This is an aside, but…
    0:42:58 I specialize in asides, please.
    0:43:01 I live part of my time in New York and part of my time in New Haven.
    0:43:04 And in New York, the neighborhood I live in is kind of a funky neighborhood.
    0:43:09 I’ve toyed with the possibility of on Sundays hanging out my shingle and being like,
    0:43:12 “I specialize in transformative experiences and big life choices.
    0:43:17 You could book time with me to discuss your philosophical life choice if you’d like.”
    0:43:20 I feel like you need a desk in Prospect Park.
    0:43:21 Exactly.
    0:43:27 I mean, in the neighborhood I live in, this would not be an unusual type of thing, like Brooklyn, you know?
    0:43:29 And that’s by way of thinking, and I thought about it, and I thought,
    0:43:32 “Well, I’m not going to be able to give people any answers.
    0:43:36 I’ll just be able to sort of talk to them about like the conceptual framework for their choice.
    0:43:39 And if that’s of interest, not clear to me, that would be of interest.
    0:43:41 Then maybe I have a possible side gig.”
    0:43:46 And really what I’m saying is that, all right, I’m much better at raising questions than answering them.
    0:43:48 I do have a view.
    0:43:51 I don’t think very many people like my view, but I’m going to tell you my view.
    0:43:52 I still like my view.
    0:43:54 Well, I don’t like my view.
    0:43:56 I just think it’s like I haven’t come across anything better,
    0:43:59 which isn’t exactly the space you want to be in.
    0:44:04 So what I really think is that it’s a special class of experiences.
    0:44:06 It’s not like every experience is transformative.
    0:44:09 I really don’t think we could talk about the reason why that’s the case.
    0:44:13 I think there’s a fairly well-defined class of certain kinds of life experiences
    0:44:18 that can count as transformative, not for everyone, but for many people that undergo them.
    0:44:22 And I think what’s really important is to recognize how problematic they are,
    0:44:24 that they don’t fit the ordinary framework.
    0:44:27 Because people, like Alice talks about, she agonized, I agonized.
    0:44:30 And for me, I was really annoyed because I agonized and I didn’t get anywhere.
    0:44:34 And then I had a baby and I was like, oh, none of the things I was reading,
    0:44:38 which is why what you can’t expect when you’re expecting is so satisfying,
    0:44:41 because I hated what you could expect when you’re expecting.
    0:44:42 It was the worst book ever.
    0:44:44 It answered no questions for me whatsoever.
    0:44:48 None of it addressed what I wanted to know.
    0:44:52 And so it was like an insult on top of everything else, right?
    0:44:53 Okay, I’m sorry.
    0:44:56 I apologize preemptively to everyone who found that book a wonderful book.
    0:44:58 It wasn’t for me.
    0:45:03 Alice talked about in the article how there was this moment when I was starting to go into labor
    0:45:07 and I was like, oh my God, this enormous thing has to come out of me.
    0:45:08 How’s that going to happen?
    0:45:10 Like, I knew theoretically that that was going to happen,
    0:45:16 but it’s presented to you in a very personal way, in a very intimate way when you go into labor.
    0:45:21 And I just discovered the reality in a special way.
    0:45:26 What I’m trying to say is that I want my work to sort of help people realize that this kind of agonizing
    0:45:29 is actually completely reasonable because there isn’t any easy answer
    0:45:31 and we don’t have a framework.
    0:45:35 And when there’s something kind of almost inconceivable that’s happening,
    0:45:40 then it’s a bit like, like I said earlier, like you step off the ledge into the deep
    0:45:44 and flailing might be the only response.
    0:45:48 And I also think this is just part of what it is to live a life and to be human.
    0:45:51 And you can, it’s perfectly legitimate to pass on transformative experiences,
    0:45:57 but part of living a life and being open to possibilities involves choosing some of them,
    0:45:59 but for most people.
    0:46:02 And also, things happen to us that are like this, that we don’t choose,
    0:46:05 like terrible accidents, for example.
    0:46:08 There’s a philosopher named Paul Sagar who’s been writing a sub-stack on,
    0:46:11 he was a climber and he had a catastrophic accident.
    0:46:15 And his writing is beautiful and he talks about, he’s paraplegic now.
    0:46:16 No, he’s quadriplegic.
    0:46:21 And the life change that that involves is clearly transformative and clearly horrible.
    0:46:23 And he wouldn’t have chosen it and that makes sense.
    0:46:28 But he has to now discover this new way of being an agent, basically,
    0:46:30 because he lacks so much agency in so many fun ways.
    0:46:35 Okay, so I want people to articulate in the conceptual framework that’s involved
    0:46:39 and diagnosing why there’s a kind of incoherence in having to try to make this choice
    0:46:42 where you’re supposed to know what you’re doing is part of the solution.
    0:46:45 Maybe it’s just something that we have to accept.
    0:46:48 Now, in my book, here’s my unpopular solution.
    0:46:52 My unpopular solution is to say, well, maybe we can reframe the choice
    0:46:58 so that when we’re making a choice, so this presumes that we have enough information
    0:47:03 to know that there’s at least a very high chance that it’s going to be at least pretty good
    0:47:06 as opposed to a very high chance it’s going to be terrible or bad or whatever.
    0:47:09 We use evidence in all kinds of reasonable ways to know that kind of thing.
    0:47:12 But when we’re confronted with something like, do I want to go to war?
    0:47:14 Do I want to emigrate to another country?
    0:47:18 Or do I want to have a child or pick your favorite case?
    0:47:21 Do I want my child to have a cochlear implant?
    0:47:23 You alluded to that earlier.
    0:47:27 You’re not going to be able to know what it’s like, and you are going to change who you are.
    0:47:33 And so then the question is, do you want to discover that new way of living?
    0:47:37 And if you do, with all the pluses and minuses, all the suffering,
    0:47:41 because I think transformative experiences almost always involve suffering of some sort,
    0:47:42 then you go for it.
    0:47:47 And if you don’t, which I think is also perfectly reasonable, then you don’t.
    0:47:50 And because I don’t think it’s a matter of like rationality,
    0:47:53 so I think when it’s just because some people have children and they’re super happy that they did
    0:47:55 and doesn’t mean that that’s just true for everyone,
    0:47:59 even if it would be the case that for almost everyone they would reform themselves
    0:48:01 so that they would be happy with their choice.
    0:48:03 There’s no inference to the best explanation there.
    0:48:06 Just because many vampires testify to being happy that they’ve become vampires
    0:48:09 does not mean that everyone should become a vampire,
    0:48:13 especially somebody who just finds that way of being alien.
    0:48:17 In the case of having kids specifically, I remember a friend of mine, he has three kids now,
    0:48:21 and he’s kind of ambivalent, I guess, his wife really wanted kids,
    0:48:24 and he was in the fortunate position of being able to provide,
    0:48:27 and they wouldn’t have struggles on that level.
    0:48:31 But he said, well, look, he said at some point when you get old enough,
    0:48:34 to have meaning, you have to either find God or have kids,
    0:48:36 and he’s like, having kids is easier.
    0:48:40 So he had kids, and he said it in jest,
    0:48:49 but I thought about the comment because to what extent is the reforming of oneself after kids
    0:48:56 actually very time-tested in conforming to millennia plus of evolutionary pressure,
    0:48:58 where it’s the basis of instincts.
    0:49:01 And in so being, is it–
    0:49:03 I mean, this is going to sound like a really naive question,
    0:49:07 but sort of a safer bet with respect to transformative experience
    0:49:11 than some of the others going to war or otherwise.
    0:49:13 I also know people who have had kids,
    0:49:18 and in some cases they were very clear that they did not want kids.
    0:49:21 They weren’t ambivalent, and their partner really wanted kids,
    0:49:24 and that I’ve not seen always turn out very well.
    0:49:26 So it’s not a guarantee.
    0:49:30 But are there different species of transformative experiences
    0:49:32 within the category of transformative experiences?
    0:49:37 Do you think about, say, kids differently than you would think of some of the others?
    0:49:40 I’m sure there are different species of transformative experiences.
    0:49:44 So what I heard you asking me, part of that question involved,
    0:49:48 well, look, maybe we can rely on biology in a certain way,
    0:49:51 or we should– this is a time-tested solution.
    0:49:56 So you can pick transformative experience one, transformative experience two,
    0:49:58 transformative experience three.
    0:50:00 Behind door one is having a child.
    0:50:05 Behind door two is traversing, like traveling the world,
    0:50:08 seeing all the wonders, whatever, exploring,
    0:50:12 having lots of money to spend on travel and satisfaction, that kind of thing.
    0:50:19 Behind door three is pursuing your intellectual passion, let’s say,
    0:50:21 to the fullest degree, devoting all of your time to that.
    0:50:23 I can go on, but there’s three options there.
    0:50:27 And I do think that choosing one of those involves trade-offs on the others,
    0:50:30 as much as some people might say, “Oh, do it all. I’ll have a child,
    0:50:33 and we’ll cross the plains of Siberia together.”
    0:50:37 And it very rarely works out that way, right?
    0:50:40 So if you do cross the plains with the baby, you’re slower.
    0:50:47 So when the wolves follow you, all right.
    0:50:50 So you might say, “Well, these are different risky choices,
    0:50:54 and if you want to maximize your expected utility in some sense,
    0:50:56 maybe you should choose door one.”
    0:51:00 I actually think that seems kind of reasonable to me in a certain way
    0:51:04 if you’re truly indifferent between these different options.
    0:51:06 I think people rarely are indifferent.
    0:51:08 But the further problem is they’re not indifferent,
    0:51:11 and yet there’s a sense in which they don’t really know what they’re choosing between.
    0:51:12 That’s the further complication.
    0:51:15 So again, going back to what I was saying is it’s more like,
    0:51:19 “Which life do I want to find out about? Which one feels more appealing to me?”
    0:51:23 I don’t know in many of the most salient ways what any of these lives could be.
    0:51:25 I don’t even know how it’s going to fill out
    0:51:28 because there’s so many chancey things about each of those.
    0:51:32 You could have a child that’s disabled, and that could be a beautiful thing,
    0:51:36 but it could also be a very time-consuming, very painful thing, right?
    0:51:39 And I don’t know, you could pursue your intellectual passion and it could fall flat,
    0:51:42 or it could just turn into this amazing opportunity.
    0:51:45 So there’s just a lot of chance involved in any of these choices.
    0:51:48 Yeah, I don’t think you either have children or a fine god
    0:51:51 because I think there’s so many other really interesting things people can do with their lives.
    0:51:57 And I try to look at the person who I would have become if I had not had children.
    0:52:00 That person is very different from who I am now along some dimensions,
    0:52:04 and very much the same with who I am, but I can’t really get into her head.
    0:52:06 I don’t really know what she would have been like,
    0:52:09 but I’m also sure she would have lived a super fun, interesting life.
    0:52:12 Let me ask if this is… I’m going to turn this into…
    0:52:15 I’m going to make you the philosophical therapist for a second here, but…
    0:52:17 You already were. You already asked me.
    0:52:20 I know, I know, I know. The toothpaste is out of the toothpaste too.
    0:52:23 But if you could, and maybe you put it back on,
    0:52:26 but if you take off the philosophy professor had for a second
    0:52:29 and just reflect on your personal experience, two things.
    0:52:32 Like, was the decision to have a child hard for you?
    0:52:36 Did you go back and forth and vacillate, or was it pretty straightforward?
    0:52:40 And then secondly, if there was some back and forth,
    0:52:43 how much of that was having or not having a child
    0:52:46 and what that experience would be like versus, for instance, for me,
    0:52:52 I feel very confident that I would enjoy being a parent
    0:52:54 and that I’d be pretty good at it.
    0:52:57 I’m sure I’d fuck up every which way you can imagine,
    0:53:01 but like above average, I think I’d have a pretty good go of it.
    0:53:04 But then the concern for me has always been,
    0:53:08 well, if things don’t work out with the partner, what does that look like?
    0:53:12 It’s more of like a possible separation after having kids
    0:53:15 that has been the concern for me, not so much the parenting,
    0:53:18 which has a bunch of embedded assumptions, right?
    0:53:21 But what was that decision like for you personally?
    0:53:25 It was complicated because on the one hand, it’s funny,
    0:53:27 when I was younger, I never wanted children,
    0:53:30 and then when I hit my 20s, I think I thought,
    0:53:32 “Oh, that’s a real possibility.”
    0:53:35 Like, I would love to be happily married and have a family,
    0:53:37 but it seemed a bit remote too.
    0:53:41 Like, I liked, I thought, “That seems like an option for me.”
    0:53:43 And it would be a good option.
    0:53:47 But I also really want to study philosophy
    0:53:51 and spend as much of my time as possible doing philosophy.
    0:53:54 This is the kid, I guess I was still a kid then,
    0:53:57 reading people’s books and writing like,
    0:54:01 basically 60 to 70 pages of material over every two weeks.
    0:54:03 This took a lot of time because I had to read it,
    0:54:05 I didn’t have any training, and I would write all this stuff,
    0:54:07 and I was just obsessed.
    0:54:09 I was also doing other things at the same time,
    0:54:10 reading, being in time.
    0:54:12 So I spent all of my time doing philosophy,
    0:54:15 and I didn’t want to change that.
    0:54:18 So on the one hand, I had a desire to have children.
    0:54:21 Some people just feel like their life wouldn’t have meaning with that.
    0:54:22 I never felt that way.
    0:54:25 I just thought this would be one interesting good way
    0:54:26 to live one’s life.
    0:54:29 But then I had this desire to spend my time doing philosophy.
    0:54:31 And also, philosophy is a male-dominated field,
    0:54:33 and it certainly was back in the ’90s.
    0:54:37 And there was definitely a professional cost to having a child,
    0:54:38 and I think there still is.
    0:54:40 It’s not as bad as it used to be.
    0:54:43 But I don’t think people think you’re less serious now,
    0:54:45 although I think they used to think that.
    0:54:48 But you still have less time, and you have less money.
    0:54:51 There are clearly professional implications.
    0:54:54 Maybe for women in particular, but I think everybody,
    0:54:57 you’re not solely devoted to your projects anymore.
    0:54:59 Somebody else is more important.
    0:55:01 So there was a kind of ambivalence,
    0:55:04 and so I thought, well, being a rational thinker,
    0:55:06 I’m going to evaluate it.
    0:55:08 I’m going to think about what it’s going to be like.
    0:55:09 I’m going to make my choices.
    0:55:11 And that was where it all fell apart, right?
    0:55:13 That was where I was betrayed by what you could expect,
    0:55:15 what you’re expecting, and so many other parenting things
    0:55:16 that I looked for.
    0:55:18 I mean, I tried to do it.
    0:55:19 I couldn’t do it.
    0:55:21 But I didn’t know I couldn’t do it until I actually had the children.
    0:55:23 And then I was like, oh, this is nothing
    0:55:25 like what I was going to expect.
    0:55:28 And then that was when I had this moment
    0:55:32 before my son was born when I was like, wait a minute.
    0:55:34 Actually, my daughter was only very young.
    0:55:36 And I was like, wait, this actually was really
    0:55:38 when after I’d recovered from giving birth
    0:55:40 and started getting enough sleep so I could think clearly again,
    0:55:44 I was like, wait, this is an utterly bizarre,
    0:55:47 strange metaphysical experience.
    0:55:49 And I mean metaphysics not in the aura shaping way,
    0:55:51 but like metaphysics like I do.
    0:55:53 Like the nature of reality seemed to change for me in certain ways.
    0:55:55 And also epistemologically, you know,
    0:55:58 to change so much about how I experience and represent the world.
    0:56:00 This is just so foundational.
    0:56:02 But philosophers never talk about this.
    0:56:05 No philosophers talked about this, at least not in my tradition.
    0:56:08 And I thought, I have to talk about this.
    0:56:11 Which, by the way, I think Alice talked about this was very scary
    0:56:14 because I built up this reputation as being a serious philosopher
    0:56:16 talking about the nature of causation and time.
    0:56:20 And then I was going to talk about babies that I had to steal myself.
    0:56:23 So yeah, so to answer your question, there was a lot of ambivalence.
    0:56:28 But then my husband at the time wanted to have children.
    0:56:30 So that sort of tipped the balance.
    0:56:34 I’m not sure what I would have done if he had been equally ambivalent.
    0:56:37 So many different directions that we can go.
    0:56:40 I want to ask you, and I know you said earlier,
    0:56:43 don’t ask me to explain it or that you’d have trouble explaining it,
    0:56:48 but I’m still curious about this move from chemistry
    0:56:53 and, you know, this so-called hard sciences to philosophy
    0:56:55 and that you knew you wanted to do that.
    0:56:57 Now you jokingly said you may not want to drop acid
    0:56:59 and explore some of these other questions.
    0:57:03 I’m just wondering what precipitated this itch
    0:57:06 that you had to scratch with philosophy?
    0:57:07 There’s got to be something.
    0:57:12 I mean, I can’t imagine there’s nothing as far as inputs that affected that.
    0:57:15 I mean, I honestly don’t know where I formed the idea
    0:57:17 that this was going to be the thing for me.
    0:57:20 I love to read and when I was in high school,
    0:57:24 I read Herman Hesse, like the Glass Bead game.
    0:57:26 I read other kinds of interesting books.
    0:57:29 I remember I liked Alexander Sills and its work.
    0:57:32 And these are like philosophical texts
    0:57:36 and maybe not classic, you know, not analytic philosophy,
    0:57:38 but there’s a lot of philosophy in there.
    0:57:42 And so I do think that this reading and other things I read
    0:57:51 led me to realize that a certain kind of quasi-philosophical take
    0:57:53 on the world was congenial to me.
    0:57:55 When I say quasi-philosophical, it’s truly philosophical,
    0:57:59 but at the time I wasn’t able to kind of recognize it as such.
    0:58:01 I just knew I had this yearning to try to understand things
    0:58:04 and philosophy seemed like the right way to go.
    0:58:06 I really can’t really give you more than that.
    0:58:08 My parents really wanted me to be a doctor.
    0:58:10 I went on medical visits.
    0:58:12 I took the MCAT, I did everything.
    0:58:14 I didn’t fail out of philosophy classes.
    0:58:16 I just failed to progress in philosophy classes.
    0:58:19 Like all the signs were pointing away from philosophy.
    0:58:20 And I still did it.
    0:58:22 There’s no explanation.
    0:58:28 I’m going to push a little bit.
    0:58:32 Because I would just say maybe there were one way to frame it
    0:58:34 would be what drew you to philosophy.
    0:58:40 Another one, another angle would be what didn’t satisfy you
    0:58:44 of the explorations of chemistry, et cetera, et cetera.
    0:58:47 So maybe you could take a stab at the latter.
    0:58:49 Here it comes further than I ever take.
    0:58:51 I was extremely good at the theoretical side of chemistry
    0:58:54 and extremely terrible at the lab side of chemistry.
    0:58:57 So I thought, well, maybe I want to be a chemist.
    0:58:59 I loved solving problems in organic chemistry.
    0:59:00 I loved it.
    0:59:02 In part of my major, I had to take a class called
    0:59:04 Gravimetric Analysis.
    0:59:05 I think it was called.
    0:59:07 And this consists of an entire semester
    0:59:11 doing incredibly minute measurements and cooking.
    0:59:14 There were little clay pots we had to cook at high temperatures
    0:59:17 that were filled with the compound that we were analyzing.
    0:59:20 And we were supposed to cook it and you would measure these tiny things.
    0:59:22 And you spent the entire semester on one project.
    0:59:25 And it was the kind of thing where if you touched it,
    0:59:28 oil from your finger would get onto the clay pot
    0:59:30 and would destroy all of your work.
    0:59:32 So what happened after a semester?
    0:59:35 Probably the last three weeks of hours and hours in the lab.
    0:59:37 And then I brush–
    0:59:39 because I’m physically just–
    0:59:42 I brush the side of the pot and it’s gone all of my work.
    0:59:44 I was devastated.
    0:59:45 Now we’re getting somewhere.
    0:59:46 Yeah.
    0:59:48 So I went into an existential crisis, basically.
    0:59:50 And I was like, I cannot do chemistry.
    0:59:51 I can’t do it.
    0:59:54 And so, you know, no, it’s not for me.
    0:59:56 Now, if I were more sophisticated, I would have learned,
    0:59:58 oh, no, you can run the lab.
    1:00:01 And, like, other people do that part of–
    1:00:04 if you’re physically inept in certain ways.
    1:00:05 But I didn’t know that.
    1:00:08 And I didn’t realize how many more options there would be.
    1:00:10 And I was destroyed, but it wasn’t just that.
    1:00:12 But I never enjoyed lab.
    1:00:13 I wasn’t good at it.
    1:00:14 It wasn’t my thing.
    1:00:17 And I felt that natural science, it does require a certain–
    1:00:20 you know, you run a lab even if you’re doing highly theoretical work.
    1:00:23 And so, I needed something a little bit more pure.
    1:00:28 That combined with, like I said, like being drawn to some of these,
    1:00:33 you know, like literature and art that had this conceptual dimension
    1:00:36 that involved the role of experience, again,
    1:00:38 and understanding, like, who you are.
    1:00:42 When I moved out of my parents’ house and moved to Chicago,
    1:00:46 I found myself immersed in, like, art and literature.
    1:00:49 And, like, I was working in a bar, and a lot of the people working at the bar
    1:00:52 were, like, doing theater or artists.
    1:00:55 And it was just a whole new way of being that I loved.
    1:00:57 And so, I knew there was something out there
    1:01:00 that my natural science education wasn’t connecting with.
    1:01:01 Yeah.
    1:01:02 Okay.
    1:01:03 That makes perfect sense to me.
    1:01:04 Thank you for doing the digging.
    1:01:05 I appreciate it.
    1:01:06 Love that story.
    1:01:08 Oh, the finger oil in the lab.
    1:01:10 Oh, even now.
    1:01:11 Oh, the pain.
    1:01:12 Sorry.
    1:01:14 Yeah, brutal.
    1:01:17 You mentioned, I think, semi-philosophical works,
    1:01:19 and you mentioned Herman Hesse.
    1:01:26 And my next question is, for someone who is, on some deep level,
    1:01:32 interested in the types of questions that attracted you to philosophy, right?
    1:01:39 But they have had some trepidation or maybe mild allergic reaction
    1:01:43 around philosophy as such when they’ve tried to dig into it.
    1:01:45 Maybe they went to a philosophy section of bookstore,
    1:01:46 picked up three books, and they’re like,
    1:01:48 “Wow, I’m too dumb to understand this.”
    1:01:49 Or, “This is just too impenetrable.
    1:01:51 I don’t know what to do with this.”
    1:01:55 What entry points might you suggest if you wanted to get —
    1:01:59 if you had 100 undergrads, fresh blank slates,
    1:02:03 and you’re like, “Okay, I want to have the highest kind of conversion rate
    1:02:09 as possible,” meaning I want to get as many of these people deeply
    1:02:12 interested in any aspect of philosophy.
    1:02:15 Are there certain books that you might recommend?
    1:02:21 They don’t have to be philosophical texts as such, if that makes sense.
    1:02:23 >> Clinton Smith wrote this very weird book called
    1:02:26 “The Felt Meanings of the World,” which I always loved.
    1:02:27 It’s weird.
    1:02:29 >> “The Felt Meanings of the World.”
    1:02:31 >> Yeah, “The Felt Meanings of the World.”
    1:02:37 It captures something for me even when I was kind of just trying to approach philosophy.
    1:02:41 So I think a lot of fiction can be very philosophical.
    1:02:43 I would read Ted Chang.
    1:02:44 He’s really, really good.
    1:02:45 >> So good.
    1:02:46 So good.
    1:02:48 Everybody should read Ted Chang.
    1:02:49 >> Everybody should.
    1:02:52 And a lot of his work is just deeply philosophical and explicitly so.
    1:02:56 I mean, he’s interested in counterfactuals and in metaphysics in particular
    1:02:59 in these really beautiful ways in the nature of time.
    1:03:01 >> Could you, just because that term has come up a few times,
    1:03:04 could you just take a sidebar and define counterfactuals?
    1:03:05 >> Yes.
    1:03:10 So counterfactuals involve — even the word tells you counter-to-fact things.
    1:03:14 So if I say — if I had wings, I would fly across my office.
    1:03:17 Now, I don’t have wings, so I can’t fly across my office.
    1:03:20 But if I did have wings, I certainly would because that would be super cool.
    1:03:24 And we can understand counterfactuals in terms of other possible worlds.
    1:03:29 So in a world where I have wings, I would fly across the room.
    1:03:33 >> Or what if the Third Reich dominated the world after World War II or something like that?
    1:03:34 >> Exactly.
    1:03:38 It turns out counterfactuals can be — you need what’s called a preferred semantics for them,
    1:03:41 like a rulebook for understanding how to interpret them.
    1:03:47 And my supervisor, David Lewis, at Princeton, was the person who developed the primary rulebook for that,
    1:03:51 which is what the foundation of much of his work involved.
    1:03:53 But they play a role like in natural science.
    1:03:57 So when people are doing tests, let’s say, of some new kind of treatment,
    1:04:02 you want to find out whether or not a new drug will cure a disease or something like that, right?
    1:04:07 So what you want to do is you want to treat a population and see what happens.
    1:04:11 And then you compare it to the counterfactual, but what if they hadn’t been treated?
    1:04:15 Now, the complication is in these kinds of contexts, you can’t move to a possible world,
    1:04:21 but you can establish a control group, which is basically supposed to be matched to that treatment population.
    1:04:24 And then you see how the control group evolves without the treatment
    1:04:28 and compare it to the treated population who gets the medicine.
    1:04:34 So the role of a counterfactual can sometimes be to sort of identify ways the world could be
    1:04:39 and also like ways the world could have been if you hadn’t changed it, something like that.
    1:04:44 Ted Chang is good at weaving counterfactual scenarios.
    1:04:48 Exactly. He’s good at exploring other possible worlds in some ways.
    1:04:51 And when I start talking about other possible worlds, the way that it relates to my work
    1:04:54 is I think about like other possible selves, right?
    1:04:57 So if I had chosen differently and not chosen to have a child,
    1:05:00 well, there’s another possible world out there where I don’t have any children.
    1:05:03 And so then the question is, well, how do I make sense of that other possible world?
    1:05:06 And one thing I can’t do, as I said to you before,
    1:05:10 because the real world involved me transforming myself into a parent,
    1:05:13 means there’s a kind of lack of understanding across that barrier.
    1:05:16 I can’t really understand who I would have become.
    1:05:19 And Chang exploits that kind of notion all the time.
    1:05:23 Like, well, what if, you know, time were different or what if aliens, you know,
    1:05:25 like came to us and we had to kind of interpret what they were saying
    1:05:27 in the process of interpreting what they were saying,
    1:05:30 changed our conception of how time worked and what we could understand.
    1:05:32 Super cool. You know, all kinds of stuff.
    1:05:34 If people want a light lift,
    1:05:37 and it is different from the short story upon which it’s based,
    1:05:41 but watch the movie Arrival and as a linguistics nerd also,
    1:05:45 my God, that really is an unbelievably good movie.
    1:05:48 I think it’s 95 plus percent on Rotten Tomatoes.
    1:05:51 And then he has collections of short stories.
    1:05:53 It’s always hard for me to remember the first one.
    1:05:57 It’s like stories of our lives and other short stories, something like that.
    1:06:00 And then his second collection came out, Exhalation.
    1:06:03 And I was like, ah, there’s no way it can match the first collection.
    1:06:07 And lo and behold, I was like, okay, you went to Chang.
    1:06:09 He’s so good.
    1:06:11 All right. Any other fiction that comes to mind?
    1:06:14 Borges. Also, I just love Borges.
    1:06:16 I mean, I just feel like he’s always exploring.
    1:06:17 Borges is amazing.
    1:06:18 Yes, yes.
    1:06:21 Where would you suggest people start with Jorge Luis Borges?
    1:06:23 Any favorites?
    1:06:25 The Garden of Forking Paths is an excellent one.
    1:06:27 If we’re talking about possibilities,
    1:06:30 the Garden of Forking Paths is like, it’s a beautiful one.
    1:06:32 The Aleph, I would suggest.
    1:06:33 I don’t know.
    1:06:35 I mean, I just, I actually think the Garden of Forking Paths
    1:06:39 and I think it’s the Aleph are two really excellent things to read.
    1:06:42 These are incredibly philosophical texts.
    1:06:43 Okay.
    1:06:47 And what I love about them is you can get the intuitive idea
    1:06:49 without having to go through all the philosophy.
    1:06:52 But to extract it precisely and you get it,
    1:06:54 it’s beautiful the way they express these ideas.
    1:06:58 But if you want to extract it with precision in a way that you can
    1:07:01 then take the idea and use it in other ways,
    1:07:04 you need the analytic philosophy to do that, in my view.
    1:07:08 Literature just doesn’t, it doesn’t lend itself to getting
    1:07:13 some kind of precise thing extracted from it in a straightforward way.
    1:07:15 That’s just not what it’s for.
    1:07:20 To develop the chops with analytic philosophy seems to require a lot.
    1:07:22 It doesn’t seem to be a light lift.
    1:07:25 For somebody who’s listening, who doesn’t have any exposure to it,
    1:07:27 is the juice worth the squeeze?
    1:07:31 And if so, what is the juice that makes it worth the squeeze?
    1:07:33 I mean, well, look, I devoted my life to it.
    1:07:36 So obviously I think the juice is worth the squeeze.
    1:07:39 But just like if you’re going to study like material science
    1:07:42 to develop new surgical techniques as an orthopedic surgeon,
    1:07:45 like doing that deep dive could very well be worth it for that person.
    1:07:49 But if someone hasn’t gone to medical school, maybe not.
    1:07:53 So I’m just curious to what extent you’d recommend a lay listener
    1:07:59 try to develop the toolkit of analytic philosophy.
    1:08:01 I think for some people, they’re fine with like literature,
    1:08:04 sci-fi or reading, or I think you can get a lot of philosophy
    1:08:09 through kind of like listening to Bach or reading Darwin’s biography
    1:08:11 or doing mathematics.
    1:08:14 So I think the first question is,
    1:08:18 if you engage with the philosophical ideas in a non-technical way,
    1:08:21 if that satisfies you, then you’re good.
    1:08:24 But if it leaves you wanting more, if you start asking questions,
    1:08:26 well, wait a minute, how does this work?
    1:08:28 Or, you know, you watch a time travel film,
    1:08:32 I recommend Primer or Lajaté or 12 Monkeys.
    1:08:33 I’m going to write these down.
    1:08:35 Oh, 12 Monkeys is a great one.
    1:08:36 OK, Primer.
    1:08:37 Yeah.
    1:08:39 Something in French that I didn’t catch.
    1:08:42 If you love 12 Monkeys, dude, you need to watch Lajaté
    1:08:44 because 12 Monkeys just plagiarize Lajaté.
    1:08:45 Oh, OK.
    1:08:47 Well, then I’ll read the or watch the original.
    1:08:48 It’s like 35 minutes long.
    1:08:49 How do you spell this?
    1:08:55 It means the jetty in French, L-A-L-L-L, and then jetty, J-E-T-E-E.
    1:08:56 OK.
    1:08:57 All right.
    1:08:59 And so you can watch it online.
    1:09:00 It’s a beautiful film.
    1:09:03 It’s actually, it’s a kind of artwork film and it’s very artsy.
    1:09:07 And the story that it tells was retold by 12 Monkeys.
    1:09:08 It’s the same thing.
    1:09:09 Wait, it’s French and artsy?
    1:09:10 I’m not kidding.
    1:09:11 Oh, what do you mean?
    1:09:12 Yeah, how could it be?
    1:09:13 Yeah, exactly.
    1:09:16 But what’s great about it is it’s entirely consistent.
    1:09:21 And Primer is consistent except until the end they got a little, they got a little carried away.
    1:09:24 I forgive them the last five or 10 minutes of the film.
    1:09:29 And Primer is a beautiful, super cool film, kind of cult classic type of movie.
    1:09:32 Anyway, if you watch these things and you feel like, well, wait a minute.
    1:09:36 Or if you watch Back to the Future and you’re like, well, wait a minute, how can you change the past?
    1:09:38 Seems like that might be, there’s some kind of logical problem there.
    1:09:43 Well, then my friend, you are a philosopher at heart in various ways and you should put the time in.
    1:09:49 It’s worth it if you really work out some of these questions, you can use them for other things.
    1:09:54 And if nothing else, forcing yourself to kind of work through some of these puzzles,
    1:09:57 I think kind of just sharpens your reasoning capacities generally.
    1:09:58 I’m not saying it’s easy.
    1:10:00 Remember that bit about suffering, right?
    1:10:03 There’s definitely some suffering, but it can pay off.
    1:10:07 And the joy of like, there’s a kind of joy just in problem solving or puzzle solving
    1:10:10 that I feel like I get out of thinking through these things.
    1:10:12 Lewis Carroll, another excellent thing to read.
    1:10:16 Oh, yeah, Lewis Carroll, what a master.
    1:10:22 I have some collector’s editions of old copies of Alice in Wonderland.
    1:10:29 Not exactly that title, but Lewis Carroll, man, also just the bio on that guy was wild.
    1:10:35 Okay, so if somebody was willing, they watch whatever it might be,
    1:10:41 primer or another back to the future, they start asking questions.
    1:10:46 You’re like, hey, you might be a philosopher and they say, okay,
    1:10:51 given that I want to pick up the ABCs of analytic philosophy,
    1:10:59 but in terms of suffering, I don’t want my face ripped off more like a smile somewhere.
    1:11:01 Where would you suggest they start?
    1:11:04 I started with being in time, which isn’t really what normal people would start with.
    1:11:08 Yeah, you’re like, I can start with Everest.
    1:11:09 Yeah, exactly.
    1:11:11 I mean, well, you can read my book.
    1:11:12 There you go.
    1:11:13 That’s the podcast thing.
    1:11:14 Sure, that’s fine.
    1:11:15 Yeah, yeah.
    1:11:17 The book transformative experience was not written for non-philosophers.
    1:11:21 And so I go over arguments more than once, right?
    1:11:23 I mean, so I am picking it apart in a way that,
    1:11:26 because I was aiming the book towards professional philosophers,
    1:11:30 but the first hundred pages of the book is not technical.
    1:11:33 And then the first chapter is only four pages long.
    1:11:36 And I wrote the first chapter thinking, look, people might put it down,
    1:11:38 but maybe if they just read the first four pages,
    1:11:40 they’ll at least see what the idea is.
    1:11:45 So yeah, you could look at my book and read the first four pages and see what you think.
    1:11:46 Yeah.
    1:11:51 And then if you’re like, wow, I can digest more technical aspects
    1:11:53 than you can dig into the footnotes too,
    1:11:55 especially after the first hundred pages.
    1:11:56 Exactly.
    1:11:59 The second half of the book switches into much more technical argumentation.
    1:12:01 And then a great resource.
    1:12:03 It’s also, it’s written for other professional philosophers,
    1:12:07 but also really good for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    1:12:08 It’s online.
    1:12:09 It’s free.
    1:12:12 All the entries are written by professional philosophers.
    1:12:16 It’s not written to be accessible to non-philosophers,
    1:12:18 but it’s absolutely fantastic.
    1:12:19 Like you can get a sense of it.
    1:12:23 Take an entry, run it through a chat to PT for the highlights, whatever,
    1:12:25 you know, and get a sense of things.
    1:12:27 Can you translate this from the Latin of the high priesthood
    1:12:29 into something I can understand, please?
    1:12:30 Exactly.
    1:12:32 Yeah, write it for, you know, 12-year-old’s perspective.
    1:12:34 And you’ll probably, I think you would get something interesting.
    1:12:38 There are also various epistemology, a very short introduction.
    1:12:39 I think Jennifer Nagle wrote that.
    1:12:41 Could you define that term also for folks?
    1:12:42 Epistemology.
    1:12:44 Oh, epistemology is the theory of knowledge.
    1:12:48 So if I use the word epistemic, like an epistemic transformation,
    1:12:50 what I mean is it’s changing what you know
    1:12:53 or how you kind of conceptualize or make sense of the world.
    1:12:54 Okay.
    1:12:56 So I interrupted you trying to thought that you were saying for epistemology,
    1:12:58 you might start with…
    1:13:01 There’s a series of very short introductions.
    1:13:02 It’s Oxford.
    1:13:04 They’re written by experts in the field.
    1:13:06 They’re just really nicely done.
    1:13:08 Again, they’re not written to be entertaining,
    1:13:10 but they’re written to be clear and accessible.
    1:13:12 So if you’re willing to put in a little bit of work,
    1:13:14 you’ll get something out of it for sure.
    1:13:17 Let’s just say you’re advising a student.
    1:13:18 Could be undergrad, grad.
    1:13:19 They come to you.
    1:13:21 This is within the context of philosophy department.
    1:13:25 They’re feeling kind of lost, maybe a little apathetic, nihilistic,
    1:13:28 although nihilism we could probably define more precisely,
    1:13:31 but in the modern sort of pop culture sense.
    1:13:35 Are there any recommendations for reading
    1:13:39 or self-inquiry or anything like that that you would recommend to them?
    1:13:42 It could also just be general life advice,
    1:13:47 but I’m curious how you might tackle a situation like that.
    1:13:50 First, read interviews with Voorhez
    1:13:52 where he goes through this kind of process,
    1:13:56 but he has a book where he talks about going blind.
    1:13:59 See, it’s not like I wasn’t that kid.
    1:14:02 The problem is the reason why I’m not coming up with things for you
    1:14:05 is because I was that kid in lots of ways,
    1:14:07 and I’m fascinated by philosophy,
    1:14:09 and I knew there were questions that I wanted to ask,
    1:14:12 but I wasn’t finding anything in the literature.
    1:14:15 The reason why I started out with causation as a graduate student
    1:14:18 was partly because I found an intellectual,
    1:14:21 like a deep, close intellectual friend in David Lewis.
    1:14:23 We really kind of hit it off intellectually.
    1:14:25 We could talk to each other in ways that were,
    1:14:27 I mean, always metaphysics,
    1:14:29 but we just kind of understood each other’s minds
    1:14:32 in a way that I didn’t connect with that really anyone else
    1:14:34 when I was doing my PhD.
    1:14:38 And I felt that the tools of philosophy were beautiful tools.
    1:14:40 I could see that in the history,
    1:14:42 the little I knew of the history of philosophy,
    1:14:44 deep, basic questions had been asked,
    1:14:46 but they were solved in very different ways,
    1:14:49 especially because often God played a role at that time,
    1:14:50 and that really wasn’t for me.
    1:14:51 I’m not a religious person,
    1:14:54 although I find religious belief really interesting
    1:14:56 and kind of fascinating in various kinds of contexts.
    1:14:59 I have this paper called The Paradox of Empathy,
    1:15:02 where I talk about the kind of divide between the atheist
    1:15:05 and the believer because there’s this kind of fear,
    1:15:07 like if you really open your mind to the other person,
    1:15:10 that it’s going to convert you in a way that you don’t want to be converted.
    1:15:12 It’s going to change you into that alien self.
    1:15:13 I think the atheist feels that way,
    1:15:14 and I think the believer feels that way.
    1:15:17 And so I argue, like it’s actually perfectly reasonable to be,
    1:15:20 but nobody ever argues someone into religious belief or losing it.
    1:15:24 It’s all about occupying a different conceptual space,
    1:15:27 and that just foundationally changes the way you understand the world.
    1:15:30 So I knew that philosophy had these tools,
    1:15:32 and I thought that they were excellent tools.
    1:15:34 I loved solving problems,
    1:15:36 remembering this really rigorous way in organic chemistry,
    1:15:37 exploring mechanisms.
    1:15:39 That’s what all of the exams were always about.
    1:15:41 My goal in college was to set the curve,
    1:15:44 but I wasn’t finding what I wanted.
    1:15:48 I couldn’t find the kinds of text I wanted to address these questions.
    1:15:51 So I don’t really have a lot for you.
    1:15:54 I think Thomas Nagel’s work is really, really great.
    1:15:58 “The View from Nowhere” is a beautiful book that might be a place to go.
    1:16:01 I just did a little searching on the Borges piece,
    1:16:04 so it looks like where he lives Borges.
    1:16:06 Rotin spoke about his experience with blindness
    1:16:08 in a number of different contexts.
    1:16:11 One was seven nights, siete noches,
    1:16:15 a collection of lectures that he gave in Buenos Aires in 1977,
    1:16:19 covering nightmares, Buddhism, poetry, and his own progressive blindness.
    1:16:21 So that might be another place to start.
    1:16:22 Yes, I think so.
    1:16:25 Reading Proust is also good, but these are not easy reads,
    1:16:27 and they’re not going to train you in philosophy,
    1:16:29 but they will put you into contact with the ideas
    1:16:32 that I think are beautiful and worth studying,
    1:16:36 and then you have to sweat through the training of your mind to get there.
    1:16:39 It’s not like you start reading and you kind of get sucked in.
    1:16:41 No, it’s more like training for a marathon.
    1:16:45 You have to kind of slowly agonize when you’re completely unfit,
    1:16:46 and it sucks.
    1:16:49 It’s not like it’s just going to be, “You just run a little bit and it feels great,”
    1:16:51 and then you run a little bit more and it feels great,
    1:16:54 then somehow you get to 26, “No, it doesn’t work that way.”
    1:16:57 So I do think there’s more work out there
    1:16:59 where people are starting to address these questions,
    1:17:01 but I’m finding myself at a little bit of a loss
    1:17:04 because it was my dissatisfaction with what I was finding
    1:17:07 that led me to start working on this topic,
    1:17:09 and now I felt like it was kind of deeply risky.
    1:17:12 Yeah, it makes me wonder also if the…
    1:17:14 I don’t want to say solutions,
    1:17:18 but maybe if the life rafts for someone who’s feeling those things
    1:17:21 might fall outside of philosophy, I don’t know.
    1:17:24 Are there any particular philosophical ideas
    1:17:29 or philosophies that you find consistently misrepresented
    1:17:34 or mistranslated in modern media
    1:17:37 or by self-help broadly speaking, things that get co-opted?
    1:17:40 I mean, I’m sure physicists could have field day answering this, right,
    1:17:46 because their stuff gets grabbed by every kind of woo-woo self-help book
    1:17:48 that tends to come along.
    1:17:51 Okay, so first thing is it’s super important to distinguish
    1:17:56 between our experience of time and time itself.
    1:17:58 So some people might not think there is any such thing as time,
    1:18:00 but it’s just really important to think about this way.
    1:18:02 The easiest way to see the difference
    1:18:05 is imagine you’re in a really boring lecture
    1:18:07 and you’re just sitting there like, “Oh, this is lasting forever,”
    1:18:10 and you look at the clock and you realize you’re only 15 minutes in, okay?
    1:18:14 Right there, your experience of time’s passing
    1:18:19 has departed from the objective measurement of time as measured by the clock, okay?
    1:18:20 So there’s just two different things,
    1:18:22 and I think this gets conflated all over the place,
    1:18:25 and it gets really hard and really complex
    1:18:29 to think about these two different ways of kind of talking about time,
    1:18:30 but it’s important.
    1:18:32 Or sometimes people talk about, you know,
    1:18:33 and they have a car accident.
    1:18:34 This happened to me actually.
    1:18:35 I had a car accident,
    1:18:38 and I remember everything seemed to be going in slow motion.
    1:18:40 I didn’t actually have a car accident.
    1:18:42 My car spun out of control late one night when I was driving
    1:18:44 on Michigan Avenue because I hit a patch of ice,
    1:18:48 and I went around and around on Lakeshore Drive.
    1:18:50 It’s got four lanes going each way,
    1:18:52 and I was like, “Whoa,” but it was like three o’clock in the morning
    1:18:53 and no one else was there.
    1:18:55 So I just, like, in slow motion,
    1:18:58 I watched myself go around and around,
    1:18:59 and I was like, “Well, this is bad.
    1:19:00 Oh, but there’s no one else here.”
    1:19:02 And then I was able to kind of correct the car,
    1:19:03 come out of the spin,
    1:19:06 but it felt like it happened over like two, three minutes,
    1:19:08 and it was probably like 10 seconds, right?
    1:19:10 20 seconds, something like that.
    1:19:12 And there, it’s just, it’s a very common phenomenon.
    1:19:14 The way that we perceive time just changes.
    1:19:17 It comes apart from, like, the passing of time.
    1:19:19 Second thing, free will.
    1:19:21 Just kill me now.
    1:19:22 Every non-philosophy.
    1:19:23 It’s a big one.
    1:19:25 And people are really fascinated with it,
    1:19:26 and I totally get it.
    1:19:28 It’s not my own favorite topic,
    1:19:30 but I think you should distrust.
    1:19:33 It’s just a favorite topic of particular, like, neuroscientists,
    1:19:35 and they’re all going to solve free will.
    1:19:38 And I respect and engaged discussion of free will
    1:19:40 from a scientist if they’ve read some of the philosophy,
    1:19:42 but a lot of times they haven’t read the philosophy,
    1:19:44 and it’s like, they don’t know what they don’t know.
    1:19:45 So that’s a killer.
    1:19:47 Related to free will is like fatalism,
    1:19:49 like thinking everything’s determined,
    1:19:51 which is slightly different from free will.
    1:19:56 And I love existentialism as a topic,
    1:19:59 and I love continental philosophy and phenomenology.
    1:20:01 I recognize a phenomenology
    1:20:05 because I’m involved with a lot of scientific research
    1:20:07 with, say, psychedelic compounds.
    1:20:10 The term “phenomenology” comes up a lot.
    1:20:12 What is continental philosophy?
    1:20:14 Is that anything to do with continental breakfasts?
    1:20:15 I don’t know.
    1:20:16 Yeah, actually, sort of.
    1:20:17 So, okay.
    1:20:19 So it’s a sort of disputed phrase.
    1:20:22 So I also described what I do as, like, analytic philosophy.
    1:20:24 And there’s this rough–
    1:20:26 maybe a very good way of describing things,
    1:20:27 but it’s the best one I have.
    1:20:31 Traditions like, say, Heidegger and Foucault
    1:20:35 and Derrida come from like that kind of–
    1:20:37 I think Gisec might count as this.
    1:20:39 Like, there’s a kind of– a style of philosophy
    1:20:41 that kind of originated, at least arguably,
    1:20:43 on the European continent
    1:20:46 and is very different from the kind of class
    1:20:48 you took with Gideon Rosenthal, Princeton,
    1:20:50 which is like, you know, classic, like, analytic philosophy,
    1:20:53 which kind of originated in the UK,
    1:20:56 like Bertrand Russell and Wittgenstein and people like that.
    1:20:59 And also, I think, with the positivists
    1:21:02 who kind of came over to the US particular
    1:21:05 around trying to escape the Nazis in World War II.
    1:21:08 And so, continental philosophy also can have
    1:21:10 strong connections with, like, psychoanalysis,
    1:21:12 whereas, like, analytic philosophy
    1:21:15 has many more connections to contemporary science
    1:21:17 or very empirically grounded psychology,
    1:21:19 that kind of thing.
    1:21:22 And I like both traditions a lot.
    1:21:25 Super, like, the methods of continental philosophy.
    1:21:28 I was trained as a natural scientist, at least early on,
    1:21:30 and I really like the approach.
    1:21:32 But I love the topics.
    1:21:35 And it’s pretty hard to talk about
    1:21:37 the very deep things that continental philosophers
    1:21:39 talk about, like, the nature of being
    1:21:41 or who we are in some fundamental sense
    1:21:44 or, you know, how do we understand time
    1:21:46 using analytic techniques?
    1:21:48 But that’s what I try to do.
    1:21:50 What are some of the ways that you think philosophers
    1:21:54 will be most important in the broader world,
    1:21:58 outside of academics, outside of the journals and so on?
    1:22:02 Where do you think these philosophical explorations
    1:22:04 and toolkits will most intersect
    1:22:07 with applications in the broader world,
    1:22:10 whether it’s related to certain technologies or otherwise?
    1:22:12 When I went back before and I said, like,
    1:22:16 when the work on transformative experience that I’m doing
    1:22:19 tries to address this kind of situation,
    1:22:23 to find ourselves at certain foundational shifts
    1:22:26 that we undergo and certain life choice points,
    1:22:28 whether we choose them or not, actually, like, you know,
    1:22:30 let’s say I’m diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer’s,
    1:22:33 you know, confronting that and making sense of that.
    1:22:35 So I think thinking philosophically
    1:22:39 is a really good tool for living one’s life.
    1:22:41 And that’s what Agnes talks about
    1:22:43 by Agnes Callard in a new book.
    1:22:45 I think it’s called Open Socrates.
    1:22:47 And so I do think that philosophy has a role there.
    1:22:49 I also think it has applications, for example,
    1:22:51 like important applications in bioethics,
    1:22:54 important applications with artificial intelligence,
    1:22:58 in particular, thinking about ethics questions
    1:23:01 and value alignment with machines,
    1:23:04 like trying to design machines that, you know, kind of,
    1:23:07 if they don’t have human values, kind of respect human values
    1:23:10 and how we’re going to really be able to do that
    1:23:12 in the context of actually undergoing
    1:23:14 these kinds of scientific and conceptual revolutions
    1:23:16 where we don’t know what’s coming down the pike,
    1:23:18 transformative in my view.
    1:23:20 I think there’s lots of application also,
    1:23:22 just with the kind of policies and thinking about,
    1:23:27 for example, like precision in terms of how,
    1:23:29 for example, we want, like, say,
    1:23:32 certain kinds of policies to affect people.
    1:23:34 There’s a lot of work, like, in political philosophy
    1:23:37 and philosophy of law and ethics, I think, that matters.
    1:23:39 That’s not just bioethics, you know,
    1:23:41 and bioethics is its own kind of thing,
    1:23:44 that philosophers have made and should be making
    1:23:46 and continue to make, like, really important contributions.
    1:23:52 So I wanted to give Agnes a shout out here.
    1:23:55 So Agnes Kallert’s newest book is Open Socrates,
    1:23:57 subtitled “The Case for a Philosophical Life,”
    1:24:01 which just recently came out, January 14th, 2025.
    1:24:05 And you’ve invoked her name a number of times.
    1:24:09 She also wrote “Aspiration, the Agency of Becoming” in 2018.
    1:24:13 Where would you say your positions
    1:24:17 or thinking most differ?
    1:24:19 You and Agnes.
    1:24:22 Agnes has this view that if we want to change ourselves,
    1:24:25 we can aspire to change in various ways.
    1:24:27 The new book is more about, like, living a philosophical life,
    1:24:30 and it’s written for non-philosophers, so it’s very accessible.
    1:24:33 So I was thinking, you know, it was something that people could try.
    1:24:35 The other book, “Aspiration,” is a technical book,
    1:24:38 and she thinks, oh, well, you can just aspire to be
    1:24:41 someone different, and that’s how you can just train yourself up
    1:24:44 into kind of being that way. I’m simplifying radically.
    1:24:46 And I think there’s a kind of incoherence in that,
    1:24:49 because if I find somebody, like, being a parent
    1:24:51 or being an opera singer or something,
    1:24:54 like, just fundamentally alien to who I am,
    1:24:57 there’s no coherent way for me to aspire to do that.
    1:25:00 So our big difference is that, and I’ve said this to her,
    1:25:02 and she’s like, yeah, but I just think, like,
    1:25:04 that our rationality model is broken, so that, you know,
    1:25:06 I don’t mind if there’s a kind of incoherence in my view.
    1:25:08 And we’re just really different in that way,
    1:25:10 in the way that we approach these questions.
    1:25:12 Agnes does the history of philosophy.
    1:25:16 She works on the classics and work in maybe metaethics,
    1:25:19 and I approach things very much from a kind of philosophy of science,
    1:25:21 kind of metaphysics, epistemology,
    1:25:23 more mathematical view.
    1:25:27 So we come from different perspectives that way, too.
    1:25:31 All right. So we’ll link to Agnes’ open Socrates book
    1:25:34 in the show notes as well for everybody.
    1:25:36 You have written on Reddit.
    1:25:39 This was, I’m not sure exactly when this was,
    1:25:43 but you find Aristotle’s work especially inspirational.
    1:25:45 Now, I can’t believe everything you read on the Internet,
    1:25:47 so please feel free to fact check that.
    1:25:51 But if that is a true statement, why is that the case?
    1:25:53 I said that about Aristotle?
    1:25:58 That’s what I have here. It’s attributed to you.
    1:26:00 This is why I’m saying that.
    1:26:02 This is the Reddit ask me anything, right?
    1:26:03 Yes, exactly.
    1:26:06 I can’t remember.
    1:26:08 I have no idea.
    1:26:10 I love that AMA. It was so fun.
    1:26:12 I thought you were going to ask me about drugs,
    1:26:14 because that ended up being half the conversation.
    1:26:16 Okay. Well, let’s go to drugs.
    1:26:17 Let’s talk about that.
    1:26:19 I’d rather talk about drugs than Aristotle, I’m afraid.
    1:26:22 Yeah, I know more about drugs than I do about Aristotle,
    1:26:24 so let’s go into drugs.
    1:26:26 All right. So one of the cool things is that,
    1:26:27 I’ve given a couple of talks on this,
    1:26:29 the framework that I was articulating is useful
    1:26:31 when we’re thinking about things like psychedelics,
    1:26:34 because the conceptual framework of a transformative experience,
    1:26:37 which changed, like, opens your mind in a certain way,
    1:26:39 because you have a new kind of experience.
    1:26:41 And then, at least in some contexts,
    1:26:44 that epistemic shift is so profound that it changes,
    1:26:46 like, how you understand yourself in the world.
    1:26:50 Yeah, ontological shock is something they use in the literature for AMA.
    1:26:52 Yeah, exactly. Exactly.
    1:26:55 And I mean, that applies to becoming a parent, I think,
    1:26:58 or a terrible thing, like becoming quadriplegic.
    1:27:02 It also can happen when you take psychedelics for the first time.
    1:27:06 So the idea being, the way that I think about it is,
    1:27:10 whatever neurological changes that taking your preferred type
    1:27:15 of psychedelics induces, it changes the nature of our perceptions.
    1:27:17 And this is super interesting,
    1:27:21 because in particular, perceptual experience or sensory experience
    1:27:24 is already, like, not amenable to description.
    1:27:27 Like, when I said, “Hey, if you’re colorblind and I tell you,
    1:27:29 “Oh, I’m going to describe what it’s like to see red,”
    1:27:31 you just haven’t got enough to go on.
    1:27:34 And that’s something about the way that we can’t use testimony
    1:27:37 to communicate certain types of experiences, okay?
    1:27:42 And psychedelics change the way that we experience the world
    1:27:44 through changing the character of our perceptions.
    1:27:46 And I’m fascinated by this.
    1:27:49 I’m not sure exactly how I want to make sense of this philosophically,
    1:27:53 but I think it teaches something about how our minds connect with the world.
    1:27:57 We learn somehow that, actually, the world is, in some sense,
    1:28:00 a world of representation, because we can now discover
    1:28:02 a different way of representing the world.
    1:28:05 And we realize, oh, when we go back to our old selves,
    1:28:08 just how much the brain was doing to kind of contribute to,
    1:28:10 like, everything that we’re seeing.
    1:28:12 I think that that’s one of the lessons that people can get
    1:28:14 when they take psychedelics.
    1:28:16 Let’s put it this way. That’s the lesson that I drew from it,
    1:28:20 and I do think that people can draw this in more or less technical ways.
    1:28:23 But the other thing that this kind of experience can do
    1:28:26 is it can kind of shift us epistemologically
    1:28:31 so that we can change how we kind of understand ourselves
    1:28:33 as beings in the world, I think.
    1:28:35 It does this partly, like, neurochemically.
    1:28:38 Obviously, the kind of neuroscientific, I guess, way of explaining this
    1:28:40 is to think, well, maybe for some reason
    1:28:43 there are certain different pathways that are activated in the brain,
    1:28:46 at least for a few weeks after taking various kinds of psychedelics
    1:28:49 that can especially help people with, like, clinical depression
    1:28:51 or facing terminal illness.
    1:28:53 But I think it’s not just like that.
    1:28:55 I think it’s actually, like, you get this enriched sense
    1:28:59 of how here we are, human beings, like, taking in through our senses
    1:29:01 and responding and constructing a world.
    1:29:04 And it gives you a kind of clearer understanding
    1:29:06 of how we build ourselves.
    1:29:09 And I feel like this makes us kind of attend more
    1:29:12 than to the relationship we have, like, with the world in general
    1:29:14 and the relationships we have with other people.
    1:29:16 And the transformative experience stuff kind of really fits that,
    1:29:18 so it’s kind of cool.
    1:29:21 I definitely tried psychedelics before I ever wrote about transformative experience.
    1:29:23 But it wasn’t what I was thinking about.
    1:29:25 I think you were asking me leading questions earlier
    1:29:27 when I mentioned, like, dropping acid
    1:29:30 and not thinking about certain kinds of logical puzzles.
    1:29:33 But it wasn’t what led me to the stuff I’d transformative experience.
    1:29:36 It was really having babies that was really shocking.
    1:29:39 Oh, I wasn’t implying that…
    1:29:41 You weren’t suggesting that, oh, okay.
    1:29:44 That the acid led to the book on transformative experience.
    1:29:47 When you kept saying, “I really can’t explain how I got into philosophy,”
    1:29:50 I was like, “You just made, like, a passing comment related to acid,”
    1:29:53 and, like, there’s a non-zero chance
    1:29:56 that that could have opened Pandora’s box
    1:29:59 of all sorts of questions.
    1:30:01 I guess it could have. I think it was more like…
    1:30:04 I definitely had a lot of these experiences in college.
    1:30:07 I was like, “Wow, I really like kind of thinking
    1:30:09 these different kinds of thoughts.”
    1:30:11 But, you know, reading literature also did that.
    1:30:13 Sure. Yeah, they’re not mutually exclusive.
    1:30:15 But the experiences with…
    1:30:17 They don’t need to be with psychedelics,
    1:30:21 but in altered states, sort of non-ordinary states of consciousness,
    1:30:24 can, as you said very well,
    1:30:29 illustrate in a very felt first-person way
    1:30:32 how much of our reality
    1:30:35 and how much of our conception of the self is constructed.
    1:30:39 And then when you come out of it, you’re like, “Huh. Okay.”
    1:30:40 Right.
    1:30:43 Just like metaphysics is examining, in some cases,
    1:30:46 these underlying assumptions that maybe physicists take for granted.
    1:30:49 When we’re walking around being our skin encapsulated ego,
    1:30:51 there’s a lot we take for granted.
    1:30:53 And then when suddenly you’re like,
    1:30:55 “Hmm, I had this complete dissolution of the self.”
    1:30:58 And yet there is still a felt experience,
    1:31:00 but there was no “I.”
    1:31:02 What the fuck does that mean? Right?
    1:31:05 Exactly. The thing is, you can read all the theory in the world,
    1:31:09 but when you experience it, it gives you a different way of understanding.
    1:31:12 And that’s what I’m saying, just like seeing red for the first time.
    1:31:14 But when you see it, you’re like, “Whoa.
    1:31:16 Wait, there’s something there that’s more
    1:31:19 or that just wasn’t the theory, the words,
    1:31:22 aren’t sufficient to express all of the content.”
    1:31:24 It’s just how human minds are.
    1:31:30 Yeah. Well, it’s like one of the cornerstones of mystical experience,
    1:31:34 at least according to the assessments from, say, Johns Hopkins and so on,
    1:31:37 is ineffability, which makes it very hard to describe someone else.
    1:31:39 Yeah, exactly. It’s a problem.
    1:31:40 It’s like, “Oh, well, it’s ineffable.”
    1:31:42 Well, that’s not helpful, you know?
    1:31:45 But again, go back to, like, this is what I was trying to capture with, like, the vampires.
    1:31:47 When they say, “Look, life has meaning and a sense of purpose
    1:31:49 that you can’t possibly understand as a human.”
    1:31:51 One of the interesting things about human minds
    1:31:55 is that we can discover new kinds of experience,
    1:31:59 and before we know about those new kinds of experience, they’re just ineffable.
    1:32:01 There’s just a conceptual problem there.
    1:32:06 You have, I believe, a quote in your book from Conrad’s Heart of Darkness,
    1:32:11 and the quote I’m going to read, and you can, again, fact-check me as needed,
    1:32:15 but, “Watching a coast as it slips by the ship is like thinking about an enigma.
    1:32:20 There it is before you, smiling, frowning, inviting, grand, mean, insipid, or savage,
    1:32:23 and always mute with the air whispering, come and find out.”
    1:32:27 We ultimately need to ask if we’re willing to plunge into the jungle of the new self, as you put it.
    1:32:32 So, before we go, are there any transformative experiences
    1:32:37 that you are sort of looking forward to with trepidation,
    1:32:42 with fear or excitement, or decisions that you’ll need to make,
    1:32:45 or it could just be broadly experiences, like you mentioned.
    1:32:47 For instance, cognitive decline and so on.
    1:32:49 I’m not saying you’d look forward to that.
    1:32:50 Actually, no, no, that’s the one.
    1:32:56 So, basically, I think that, I mean, all of us face death, okay,
    1:32:58 and you don’t know how it’s going to come,
    1:33:02 and frankly, I’d be perfectly happy to, like, have a heart attack in the middle of great sex.
    1:33:04 Like, that’s obviously the best way to go.
    1:33:09 But most likely, it’s going to be pretty physically healthy.
    1:33:11 It’s going to be a long, slow decline.
    1:33:16 Alzheimer’s is extremely common, or some other kind of dementia.
    1:33:21 And as an academic, especially someone who’s, like, I mean, I love my intellectual project,
    1:33:28 and losing my abilities is something that I certainly fear,
    1:33:30 and I need to come to grips with that.
    1:33:32 I think it is a transformative experience,
    1:33:37 and I think, like becoming quadriplegic, it needs to be grappled with.
    1:33:42 And the solution to the extent that I have one,
    1:33:44 it relates to the Buddhist point about suffering.
    1:33:47 Namely, a certain kind of attachment is what causes suffering.
    1:33:51 I’ve been thinking about it a lot, actually, and I guess I hope when the time comes,
    1:33:54 and I don’t expect it to be for a while, but you never know.
    1:33:57 Kind of hoping I’ve got, you know, a pretty good chunk of time.
    1:34:00 But you have to reset yourself.
    1:34:04 You have to change who you are in a certain way and enjoy,
    1:34:06 find other sources of enjoyment.
    1:34:10 And I don’t mean something like sour grapes or adaptive reasoning.
    1:34:13 I think you actually have to reconfigure what you care about.
    1:34:17 And that is, in a sense, what the Buddhist teaching suggests.
    1:34:22 In other words, you detach yourself from some of the kind of passions of regular life,
    1:34:24 and in virtue of detaching yourself,
    1:34:27 then you truly actually change your preference structure.
    1:34:29 It’s not that you secretly still want them,
    1:34:31 and if you could get them, you would, right?
    1:34:33 That’s adaptive in various ways.
    1:34:36 It’s rather that you reconfigure what you care about.
    1:34:39 And I hope, if and when I experience cognitive decline,
    1:34:44 that I will learn how to make sure I retain the most basic things that I value,
    1:34:47 like joy in art and in music,
    1:34:51 like being a consumer of music and art and really good food.
    1:34:54 And I want to try to treat that, as you see how I’m describing it,
    1:35:00 as permission to let go of things that I value but cause me stress.
    1:35:03 Like, you know, what causes stress and anxiety?
    1:35:05 Obligations, things that I need to do.
    1:35:07 Accomplishments I want to kind of get to.
    1:35:10 When that’s inaccessible, like permanently gone,
    1:35:15 I want to be able to return to other basic sources of happiness and pleasure,
    1:35:17 loving my children and, you know, having friends,
    1:35:21 even if they’re just everybody else in the assisted living facility or whatever.
    1:35:24 I think it was a big senior dorm, like back in college,
    1:35:27 only a bunch of people who are in the ’80s and ’90s.
    1:35:31 And I want to be able to, like, understand how to reconfigure myself to enjoy that.
    1:35:33 I’ve decided that is my task.
    1:35:35 I’m not sure I’m there yet, but that’s how I’m thinking about it.
    1:35:37 I don’t want to write about this a little bit,
    1:35:41 but I don’t see people approaching the issue in this way at all.
    1:35:47 Yeah, I think it would be incredibly valuable for a lot of people for you to write about that
    1:35:48 and to explore that.
    1:35:50 Laurie, thank you so much for the time.
    1:35:54 People can find you and all things lapaul@lapaul.org,
    1:35:58 and certainly we’ll link to all of the books and everything else in the show notes.
    1:36:01 Is there anything else you would like to say to my audience?
    1:36:03 Anywhere else you would like to point them?
    1:36:06 Anything at all that you’d like to add before we land the plane?
    1:36:07 Well, two things.
    1:36:09 One is, I do have a book that’s coming out.
    1:36:10 It’s going to be ages.
    1:36:11 It’s going to be, like, two more years.
    1:36:14 But a lot of the themes that we’ve been talking about are going to come back,
    1:36:16 and it’s going to be written for non-philosophers.
    1:36:20 So I hope it’ll be the kind of thing that people would turn to
    1:36:23 if they want to get a sense of some of these discussions.
    1:36:28 And I understand that philosophers are weird, and that we do weird things,
    1:36:31 and that we can be kind of annoying back to, you know —
    1:36:34 And maybe I just want people to, like, forgive us for that.
    1:36:37 We’re sometimes not very good at representing ourselves.
    1:36:40 But I think, in general, it’s a worthwhile activity for people who have a taste for it.
    1:36:44 And even if you don’t, it’s kind of worthwhile to think about some of these questions sometimes.
    1:36:48 And so maybe I’m asking for a little bit of indulgence in patients.
    1:36:50 Yeah, and curiosity, folks.
    1:36:52 I mean, there are toolkits.
    1:36:56 And even if you can’t get into really definitive, satisfying answers,
    1:37:01 there are a lot of good questions worth asking also.
    1:37:05 And in and of themselves, maybe like a co-on, they can lead interesting places.
    1:37:08 So, Laurie, thank you for the time, and thank you for your work.
    1:37:09 Really, really appreciate it.
    1:37:12 And for everybody listening, we will put everything in the show notes
    1:37:16 as per usual at Timduplog/podcast.
    1:37:20 And until next time, be just a bit nicer than is necessary to others,
    1:37:22 but also to yourself.
    1:37:24 Thanks for tuning in.
    1:37:28 Hey, guys, this is Tim again, just one more thing before you take off.
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    1:38:36 This episode is brought to you by Eight Sleep.
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    L.A. Paul is the Millstone Family Professor of Philosophy and Professor of Cognitive Science at Yale University. She is also the author of Transformative Experience. Her work on transformative experience has been covered by The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Guardian, NPR, and the BBC, among others. And in 2024, she was profiled by The New Yorker

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    Timestamps:

    [00:00;00] Start

    [00:05:55] The role of Quentin Smith.

    [00:09:56] Early philosophy class disasters.

    [00:13:34] How is philosophy relevant to the average person?

    [00:20:17] A correspondence experiment with philosophers.

    [00:25:29] The role of philosophy in modern times.

    [00:27:50] The vampire problem.

    [00:39:31] What you can’t expect when you’re expecting.

    [00:42:36] When transformative experiences happen without our consent.

    [00:48:12] Choosing between potentially transformative experiences.

    [00:52:09] How Laurie made the choice to have children.

    [00:56:34] What galvanized Laurie’s trajectory from hard sciences to philosophy?

    [01:01:14] Recommended reading for the novice philosopher.

    [01:02:59] An aside defining counterfactuals.

    [01:07:15] What makes understanding analytic philosophy a worthwhile endeavor?

    [01:10:29] What readers can expect of Laurie’s book, Transformative Experience.

    [01:12:30] Epistemology.

    [01:13:15] How to maintain a passion for philosophy.

    [01:17:21] Commonly misrepresented philosophical concepts.

    [01:19:59] Continental philosophy.

    [01:21:48] Philosophy beyond the academic.

    [01:23:46] Laurie vs. Agnes Callard.

    [01:25:34] Aristotle vs. drugs.

    [01:32:01] Thoughts on life’s final transformative experience: death.

    [01:35:48] Forgiving the philosophers and other parting thoughts.

    *

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  • #795: The End of Time Management

    #795: The End of Time Management

    AI transcript
    0:00:04 Well, hello, boys and girls, ladies and germs. This is Tim Ferriss. Welcome to another episode
    0:00:09 of The Tim Ferriss Show. If you want the long-form, deconstructing, world-class performers’
    0:00:14 interviews, then you can pick one of the other 800 episodes or so that I have done. But this time
    0:00:19 around, you know, I like to experiment. We have a different format featuring the book that started
    0:00:26 it all for me, The 4-Hour Workweek. And even though it was published in 2007, back when I had hair,
    0:00:32 it was one of Amazon’s top 10 most highlighted books of all time. Last time I checked in 2017,
    0:00:36 and there are actually two of my books on that list. The 4-Hour Body was the second.
    0:00:42 But back to the topic at hand. Readers and listeners often ask me, “What would you change?
    0:00:48 What would you update?” But an equally interesting question is, “What wouldn’t I change? What has
    0:00:54 stood the test of time? What hasn’t lost any potency? What do I still personally use?” And
    0:01:00 this episode features one of the most important chapters from The 4-Hour Workweek. It includes
    0:01:04 tools and frameworks that I use to this day, including Pareto’s Law, Parkinson’s Law,
    0:01:11 and many other fine details. It is called The End of Time Management. It is narrated by the great
    0:01:15 voice actor Ray Porter. And if you are interested in checking out the rest of the audiobook,
    0:01:19 which is produced and copyrighted by Blackstone Publishing, you can find it on Audible,
    0:01:25 Apple, Google, Spotify, Downpour.com, or wherever you find your favorite audiobooks.
    0:01:31 But first, a few quick words from the fine sponsors who make this show possible. I use
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    0:05:08 At this altitude, I can run flat out for a half mile before my hands start shaking.
    0:05:12 Can I answer your personal question? No, I would have seen an upper pantomime.
    0:05:18 What if I get the opposite? I’m a cybernetic organism, living this year over a metal endoskeleton.
    0:05:31 Step two. E is for elimination.
    0:05:38 One does not accumulate but eliminate. It is not daily increase, but daily decrease.
    0:05:44 The height of cultivation always runs to simplicity. Bruce Lee.
    0:05:52 Five. The end of time management. Illusions and Italians.
    0:05:58 Perfection is not when there is no more to add, but no more to take away.
    0:06:05 Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, pioneer of international postal flight and author of La Petit-Prance,
    0:06:11 The Little Prince. It is vain to do with more what can be done with less.
    0:06:18 William of Occam, 1300 to 1350, originator of Occam’s razor.
    0:06:27 Just a few words on time management. Forget all about it. In the strictest sense,
    0:06:31 you shouldn’t be trying to do more in each day, trying to fill every second
    0:06:37 with a work fidget of some type. It took me a long time to figure this out. I used to be
    0:06:45 very fond of the results by volume approach. Being busy is most often used as a guise for
    0:06:50 avoiding the few critically important but uncomfortable actions. The options are almost
    0:06:57 limitless for creating busyness. You could call a few hundred unqualified sales leads,
    0:07:02 reorganize your outlook contacts, walk across the office to request
    0:07:07 documents you don’t really need, or fuss with your BlackBerry for a few hours
    0:07:13 when you should be prioritizing. In fact, if you want to move up the ladder in most of corporate
    0:07:19 America and assuming they don’t really check what you were doing, let’s be honest. Just run
    0:07:22 around the office building holding a cell phone to your head and carrying papers.
    0:07:29 Now that is one busy employee. Give them a raise. Unfortunately for the N.R., this behavior won’t
    0:07:36 get you out of the office or put you on an airplane to Brazil. Bad dog. Hit yourself with a newspaper
    0:07:42 and cut it out. After all, there is a far better option, and it will do more than simply increase
    0:07:48 your results. It will multiply them. Believe it or not, it is not only possible to accomplish
    0:07:55 more by doing less. It is mandatory. Enter the world of elimination.
    0:07:59 How You Will Use Productivity
    0:08:05 Now that you have defined what you want to do with your time, you have to free that time.
    0:08:11 The trick, of course, is to do so while maintaining or increasing your income.
    0:08:17 The intention of this chapter and what you will experience if you follow the instructions
    0:08:25 is an increase in personal productivity between 100 and 500 percent. The principles are the same
    0:08:30 for both employees and entrepreneurs, but the purpose of this increased productivity
    0:08:38 is completely different. First, the employee. The employee is increasing productivity to increase
    0:08:44 negotiating leverage for two simultaneous objectives, pay raises, and a remote working
    0:08:50 arrangement. Recall that, as indicated in the first chapter of this audiobook,
    0:08:58 the general process of joining the new rich is D-E-A-L, in that order, but that employees intent
    0:09:06 on remaining employees for now need to implement the process as D-E-L-A. The reason relates to
    0:09:12 environment. They need to liberate themselves from the office environment before they can work
    0:09:19 10 hours a week, for example, because the expectation in that environment is that you will be in constant
    0:09:24 motion from nine to five, even if you produce twice the results you had in the past. If you’re
    0:09:30 working a quarter of the hours of your colleagues, there is a good chance of receiving a pink slip.
    0:09:36 Even if you work 10 hours a week and produce twice the results of people working 40,
    0:09:42 the collective request will be work 40 hours a week and produce eight times the results.
    0:09:48 This is an endless game and one you want to avoid, hence the need for liberation first.
    0:09:55 If you’re an employee, this chapter will increase your value and make it more painful for the company
    0:10:02 to fire you than to grant raises and a remote working agreement. That is your goal. Once the
    0:10:06 latter is accomplished, you can drop hours without bureaucratic interference and use the
    0:10:13 resultant free time to fulfill dreamlines. The entrepreneur’s goals are less complex,
    0:10:20 as he or she is generally the direct beneficiary of increased profit. The goal is to decrease
    0:10:26 the amount of work you perform while increasing revenue. This will set the stage for replacing
    0:10:34 yourself with automation, which in turn permits liberation. For both tracks, some definitions
    0:10:42 are in order. Being effective versus being efficient. Effectiveness is doing the things
    0:10:49 that get you closer to your goals. Efficiency is performing a given task, whether important or not,
    0:10:55 in the most economical manner possible. Being efficient without regard to effectiveness is the
    0:11:02 default mode of the universe. I would consider the best door-to-door salesperson efficient,
    0:11:06 that is refined and excellent at selling door-to-door without wasting time,
    0:11:13 but utterly ineffective. He or she would sell more using a better vehicle such as email or direct
    0:11:19 mail. This is also true for the person who checks email 30 times per day and develops an elaborate
    0:11:26 system of folder rules and sophisticated techniques for ensuring that each of those 30 brain farts
    0:11:34 moves as quickly as possible. I was a specialist at such professional wheel spinning. It is efficient,
    0:11:40 on some perverse level, but far from effective. Here are two truisms to keep in mind.
    0:11:45 1. Doing something unimportant well does not make it important.
    0:11:52 2. Requiring a lot of time does not make a task important.
    0:11:59 From this moment forward, remember this. What you do is infinitely more important than how
    0:12:06 you do it. Efficiency is still important, but it’s useless unless applied to the right things.
    0:12:10 To find the right things, we’ll need to go to the garden.
    0:12:17 Pareto and his garden. 80/20 and freedom from futility.
    0:12:22 What gets measured gets managed. Peter Drucker,
    0:12:27 management theorist, author of 31 books, recipient of Presidential Medal of Freedom.
    0:12:35 Four years ago, an economist changed my life forever. It’s a shame I never had a chance to buy
    0:12:43 him a drink. My dear Vilfredo died almost 100 years ago. Vilfredo Pareto was a wildly and
    0:12:51 controversial economist, cum sociologist, who lived from 1848 to 1923. An engineer by training,
    0:12:57 he started his varied career managing coal mines and later succeeded Leon Valre as the
    0:13:04 Chair of Political Economy at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. His seminal work,
    0:13:11 Cour d’Economie Politique, included a then little explored law of income distribution
    0:13:17 that would later bear his name, Pareto’s Law, or the Pareto Distribution,
    0:13:21 in the last decade also popularly called the 80/20 Principle.
    0:13:29 The mathematical formula he used to demonstrate a grossly uneven but predictable distribution of
    0:13:36 wealth in society, 80% of the wealth and income was produced and possessed by 20% of the population
    0:13:43 also applied outside of economics. Indeed, it could be found almost everywhere. 80% of Pareto’s
    0:13:50 garden peas were produced by 20% of the pea pods he had planted, for example. Pareto’s law can be
    0:13:58 summarized as follows. 80% of the outputs result from 20% of the inputs. Alternative ways to phrase
    0:14:06 this, depending on the context, include 80% of the consequences flow from 20% of the causes. 80%
    0:14:15 of the results come from 20% of the effort and time. 80% of company profits come from 20% of
    0:14:23 the products and customers. 80% of all stock market gains are realized by 20% of the investors
    0:14:30 and 20% of an individual portfolio. The list is infinitely long and diverse,
    0:14:40 and the ratio is often skewed even more severely. 90/10, 95/5, and 99/1 are not uncommon,
    0:14:47 but the minimum ratio to seek is 80/20. When I came across Pareto’s work one late evening,
    0:14:54 I had been slaving away with 15-hour days, 7 days per week, feeling completely overwhelmed and
    0:14:59 generally helpless. I would wake up before dawn to make calls to the United Kingdom,
    0:15:06 handle the US during the normal 9-5 day, and then work until near midnight making calls to Japan
    0:15:11 and New Zealand. I was stuck on a runaway freight train with no brakes, shoveling coal into the
    0:15:18 furnace for lack of a better option. Faced with certain burnout or giving Pareto’s ideas a trial
    0:15:24 run, I opted for the latter. The next morning I began a dissection of my business and personal
    0:15:33 life through the lenses of two questions. 1. Which 20% of sources are causing 80% of my problems
    0:15:41 and unhappiness? 2. Which 20% of sources are resulting in 80% of my desired outcomes and
    0:15:47 happiness? 3. For the entire day I put aside everything seemingly urgent and did the most
    0:15:54 intense truth-bearing analysis possible. Applying these questions to everything from my friends to
    0:16:00 customers and advertising to relaxation activities. Don’t expect to find you’re doing everything
    0:16:07 right. The truth often hurts. The goal is to find your inefficiencies in order to eliminate them and
    0:16:15 to find your strengths so you can multiply them. In the 24 hours that followed, I made several
    0:16:20 simple but emotionally difficult decisions that literally changed my life forever and enabled
    0:16:27 the lifestyle I now enjoy. The first decision I made is an excellent example of how dramatic and
    0:16:36 fast the ROI of this analytical fat cutting can be. I stopped contacting 95% of my customers
    0:16:42 and fired 2%, leaving me with the top 3% of producers to profile and duplicate.
    0:16:51 Out of more than 120 wholesale customers, a mere 5% were bringing in 95% of the revenue. I was
    0:16:57 spending 98% of my time chasing the remainder as the aforementioned 5% ordered regularly without
    0:17:03 any follow-up calls, persuasion or cajoling. In other words, I was working because I felt as though
    0:17:10 I should be doing something from 9 to 5. I didn’t realize that working every hour from 9 to 5
    0:17:16 isn’t the goal. It’s simply the structure most people use, whether it’s necessary or not.
    0:17:24 I had a severe case of work for work, W4W, the most hated acronym in the NR vocabulary.
    0:17:33 All, and I mean 100% of my problems and complaints, came from this unproductive majority,
    0:17:38 with the exception of two large customers who were simply world-class experts of the “here is
    0:17:43 the fire, I started, now you put it out” approach to business. I put all of these
    0:17:49 unproductive customers on passive mode. If they ordered, great, let them fax in the order.
    0:17:56 If not, I would do absolutely no chasing, no phone calls, no email, nothing.
    0:18:02 That left the two larger customers to deal with, who were professional ballbreakers but
    0:18:08 contributed about 10% to the bottom line at the time. You’ll always have a few of these,
    0:18:13 and it is a quandary that causes all sorts of problems, not the least of which are self-hatred
    0:18:18 and depression. Up to that point I had taken their brow-beating insults,
    0:18:25 time-consuming arguments, and tirades as a cost of doing business. I realized during the 80/20
    0:18:30 analysis that these two people were the source of nearly all my unhappiness and anger throughout
    0:18:35 the day, and it usually spilled over into my personal time, keeping me up at night with the
    0:18:42 usual “I should have said X, Y, and Z to that penis” self-flagellation. I finally concluded
    0:18:48 the obvious. The effect on my self-esteem and state of mind just wasn’t worth the financial gain.
    0:18:54 I didn’t need the money for any precise reason, and I had assumed I needed to take it.
    0:19:00 The customers are always right, aren’t they? Part of doing business, right?
    0:19:07 Hell no. Not for the N.R. anyway. I fired their asses and enjoyed every second of it.
    0:19:13 The first conversation went like this. Customer, what the bleep? I ordered two cases and they
    0:19:18 arrived two days late. Note, he had sent the order to the wrong person via the wrong medium
    0:19:24 despite repeated reminders. You guys are the most disorganized bunch of idiots I’ve ever worked with.
    0:19:29 I have twenty years of experience in this industry and this is the worst.
    0:19:38 Any N.R. in this case, me. I will kill you. Be afraid. Be very afraid.
    0:19:45 I wish. I did rehearse that a million times in my mental theater, but it actually went
    0:19:52 something more like this. I’m sorry to hear that. You know, I’ve been taking your insults for a while
    0:19:58 now and it’s unfortunate that it seems we won’t be able to do business anymore. I’d recommend
    0:20:02 you take a good look at where this unhappiness and anger is actually coming from. In any case,
    0:20:07 I wish you well. If you would like to order product, we’ll be happy to supply it,
    0:20:13 but only if you can conduct yourself without profanity and unnecessary insults. You have our
    0:20:21 fax number. All the best and have a nice day. Click. I did this once via phone and once through
    0:20:27 email. So what happened? I lost one customer, but the other corrected course and simply
    0:20:35 faxed orders again and again and again. Problem solved. Minimum revenue lost. I was immediately
    0:20:41 ten times happier. I then identified the common characteristics of my top five customers
    0:20:47 and secured three or so similarly profiled buyers in the following week. Remember,
    0:20:54 more customers is not automatically more income. More customers is not the goal and often translates
    0:21:02 into 90% more housekeeping and a paltry one to 3% increase in income. Make no mistake,
    0:21:08 maximum income from minimal necessary effort, including minimum number of customers,
    0:21:13 is the primary goal. I duplicated my strengths, in this case my top producers,
    0:21:19 and focused on increasing the size and frequency of their orders. The end result?
    0:21:27 I went from chasing and appeasing 120 customers to simply receiving large orders from eight,
    0:21:33 with absolutely no pleading, phone calls or email haranguing. My monthly income increased
    0:21:40 from $30,000 to $60,000 in four weeks and my weekly hours immediately dropped from over 80
    0:21:47 to approximately 15. Most important, I was happy with myself and felt both optimistic
    0:21:54 and liberated for the first time in over two years. In the ensuing weeks, I applied the 80/20
    0:22:01 principle to dozens of areas, including the following. 1. Advertising. I identified the
    0:22:07 advertising that was generating 80% or more of revenue, identified the commonalities among them
    0:22:14 and multiplied them, eliminating all the rest at the same time. My advertising costs dropped over
    0:22:22 70% and my direct sales income nearly doubled from a monthly $15,000 to $25,000 in eight weeks.
    0:22:27 It would have doubled immediately had I been using radio, newspapers or television
    0:22:33 instead of magazines with long lead times. 2. Online affiliates and partners.
    0:22:39 I fired more than 250 low-yield online affiliates or put them in holding patterns
    0:22:44 to focus instead on the two affiliates who were generating 90% of the income.
    0:22:50 My management time decreased from 5 to 10 hours per week to 1 hour per month.
    0:22:55 Online partner income increased more than 50% in that same month.
    0:23:05 Slow down and remember this. Most things make no difference. Being busy is a form of laziness,
    0:23:12 lazy thinking and indiscriminate action. Being overwhelmed is often as unproductive as
    0:23:19 doing nothing and is far more unpleasant. Being selective, doing less, is the path of the productive.
    0:23:26 Focus on the important few and ignore the rest. Of course, before you can separate the wheat from
    0:23:32 the chaff and eliminate activities in a new environment, whether a new job or an entrepreneurial
    0:23:38 venture, you will need to try a lot to identify what pulls the most weight. Throw it all up on
    0:23:43 the wall and see what sticks. That’s part of the process, but it should not take more than a month
    0:23:50 or two. It’s easy to get caught in a flood of minutia, and the key to not feeling rushed is
    0:23:57 remembering that lack of time is actually lack of priorities. Take time to stop and smell the
    0:24:04 roses, or in this case, to count the pea pods. The 9 to 5 illusion and Parkinson’s law.
    0:24:12 I saw a bank that said 24 hour banking, but I don’t have that much time. Stephen Wright,
    0:24:19 comedian. If you’re an employee, spending time on nonsense is, to some extent, not your fault.
    0:24:24 There is often no incentive to use time well unless you are paid on commission.
    0:24:30 The world has agreed to shuffle papers between 9 a.m. and 5 o’clock p.m., and since you’re trapped
    0:24:36 in the office for that period of servitude, you are compelled to create activities to fill that time.
    0:24:41 Time is wasted because there is so much time available. It’s understandable.
    0:24:47 Now that you have the new goal of negotiating a remote work arrangement instead of just collecting
    0:24:54 a paycheck, it’s time to revisit the status quo and become effective. The best employees
    0:25:00 have the most leverage. For the entrepreneur, the wasteful use of time is a matter of bad habit
    0:25:07 and imitation. I am no exception. Most entrepreneurs were once employees and come from the 9 to 5
    0:25:13 culture. Thus, they adopt the same schedule, whether or not they function at 9 o’clock a.m.
    0:25:19 or need 8 hours to generate their target income. This schedule is a collective social agreement
    0:25:26 and a dinosaur legacy of the results by volume approach. How is it possible that all the people
    0:25:35 in the world need exactly 8 hours to accomplish their work? It isn’t. 9 to 5 is arbitrary.
    0:25:42 Just a quick thanks to one of our sponsors, and we’ll be right back to the show.
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    0:26:57 8 hours
    0:27:01 You don’t need 8 hours per day to become a legitimate millionaire, let alone have the
    0:27:07 means to live like one. 8 hours per week is often excessive, but I don’t expect all of you to
    0:27:13 believe me just yet. I know you probably feel as I did for a long time, there just aren’t enough
    0:27:20 hours in the day. But let’s consider a few things we can probably agree on. Since we have
    0:27:27 8 hours to fill, we fill 8 hours. If we had 15, we would fill 15. If we have an emergency and need
    0:27:33 to suddenly leave work in 2 hours but have pending deadlines, we miraculously complete
    0:27:40 those assignments in 2 hours. It is all related to a law that was introduced to me by Ed Zhao
    0:27:48 in the spring of 2000. I had arrived to class nervous and unable to concentrate. The final paper
    0:27:55 worth a full 25% of the semester’s grade was due in 24 hours. One of the options and that which
    0:28:01 I had chosen was to interview the top executives of a startup and provide an in-depth analysis
    0:28:07 of their business model. The corporate powers that be had decided last minute that I couldn’t
    0:28:14 interview two key figures or use their information due to confidentiality issues and pre-IPO
    0:28:20 precautions. Game over. I approached Ed after class to deliver the bad news.
    0:28:27 Ed, I think I’m going to need an extension on the paper. I explained the situation and Ed
    0:28:32 smiled before he replied without so much as a hint of concern. I think you’ll be okay.
    0:28:38 Entrepreneurs are those who make things happen, right? 24 hours later and one minute before the
    0:28:45 deadline, as his assistant was locking the office, I handed in a 30-page final paper. It was based
    0:28:50 on a different company I had found, interviewed, and dissected with an intense all-nighter and
    0:28:56 enough caffeine to get an entire Olympic track team disqualified. It ended up being one of the
    0:29:02 best papers I’d written in four years and I received an A. Before I left the classroom the
    0:29:11 previous day, Ed had given me some parting advice. Parkinson’s Law. Parkinson’s Law dictates that a
    0:29:18 task will swell in perceived importance and complexity in relation to the time allotted for
    0:29:24 its completion. It is the magic of the imminent deadline. If I give you 24 hours to complete
    0:29:31 a project, the time pressure forces you to focus on execution and you have no choice but to do only
    0:29:37 the bare essentials. If I give you a week to complete the same task, it’s six days of making a
    0:29:42 mountain out of a molehill. If I give you two months, God forbid, it becomes a mental monster.
    0:29:49 The end product of the shorter deadline is almost inevitably of equal or higher quality
    0:29:57 due to greater focus. This presents a very curious phenomenon. There are two synergistic approaches
    0:30:04 for increasing productivity that are inversions of each other. One, limit tasks to the important to
    0:30:12 shorten work time, 80/20. Two, shorten work time to limit tasks to the important Parkinson’s Law.
    0:30:20 The best solution is to use both together. Identify the few critical tasks that contribute
    0:30:27 most to income and schedule them with very short and clear deadlines. If you haven’t identified
    0:30:33 the mission critical tasks and set aggressive start and end times for their completion,
    0:30:39 the unimportant becomes the important. Even if you know what’s critical, without deadlines that
    0:30:45 create focus the minor tasks forced upon you, or invented in the case of the entrepreneur,
    0:30:50 will swell to consume time until another bit of minutia jumps in to replace it,
    0:30:55 leaving you at the end of the day with nothing accomplished. How else could dropping off a
    0:31:01 package at UPS, setting a few appointments and checking email consume an entire nine to five day?
    0:31:07 Don’t feel bad. I spent months jumping from one interruption to the next,
    0:31:10 feeling run by my business instead of the other way around.
    0:31:16 The 80/20 principle and Parkinson’s Law are the two cornerstone concepts that will be
    0:31:22 revisited in different forms throughout this entire section. Most inputs are useless,
    0:31:29 and time is wasted in proportion to the amount that is available. Fat free performance and time
    0:31:36 freedom begins with limiting intake overload. In the next chapter, we’ll put you on the real
    0:31:43 breakfast of champions, the low information diet. A dozen cupcakes and one question.
    0:31:50 Love of bustle is not industry, Seneca. Mountain View, California
    0:31:57 Saturdays are my days off, I offered to the crowd of strangers staring at me, friends of a friend.
    0:32:04 It was true. Can you eat all bran and chicken seven days a week? Me neither, don’t be so judgmental.
    0:32:11 Between my tenth and twelfth cupcakes, I plopped down on the couch to revel in the sugar high,
    0:32:16 until the clock struck midnight and sent me back to my adults’ vill Sunday through Friday diet.
    0:32:22 There was another party guest seated next to me on a chair, nursing a glass of wine,
    0:32:26 not his twelfth, but certainly not his first, and we struck up a conversation.
    0:32:33 As usual, I had to struggle to answer what do you do, and as usual, my answer left someone to
    0:32:40 wonder whether I was a pathological liar or a criminal. How is it possible to spend so little
    0:32:46 time on income generation? It’s a good question. It’s THE question.
    0:32:53 In almost all respects, Charney had it all. He was happily married with a two-year-old son
    0:32:59 and another due to arrive in three months. He was a successful technology salesman,
    0:33:05 and though he wanted to earn $500,000 more per year, as all do, his finances were solid.
    0:33:11 He also asked good questions. I had just returned from another trip overseas,
    0:33:16 and was planning a new adventure to Japan. He drilled me for two hours with a refrain.
    0:33:20 How is it possible to spend so little time on income generation?
    0:33:25 “If you’re interested, we can make you a case study and I’ll show you how,” I offered.
    0:33:29 Charney was in. The one thing he didn’t have was time.
    0:33:35 One email, and five weeks of practice later, Charney had good news.
    0:33:40 He had accomplished more in the last week than he had in the previous four combined.
    0:33:46 He did so while taking Monday and Friday off and spending at least two more hours per day with
    0:33:52 his family. From 40 hours per week, he was down to 18 and producing four times the results.
    0:33:57 Was it from mountaintop retreats and secret kung fu training? No.
    0:34:02 Was it a new Japanese management secret or better software?
    0:34:07 Nine. I just asked him to do one simple thing consistently without fail.
    0:34:13 At least three times per day at scheduled times he had to ask himself the following question.
    0:34:16 “Am I being productive or just active?”
    0:34:24 Charney captured the essence of this with less abstract wording. “Am I inventing things to do
    0:34:31 to avoid the important?” He eliminated all of the activities he used as crutches and began to focus
    0:34:38 on demonstrating results instead of showing dedication. Dedication is often just meaningless
    0:34:46 work in disguise. Be ruthless and cut the fat. It is possible to have your cupcake and eat it too.
    0:34:50 Q&A Questions and Actions
    0:34:56 We create stress for ourselves because you feel like you have to do it. You have to.
    0:35:03 I don’t feel that anymore. Oprah Winfrey, actress and talk show host, The Oprah Winfrey Show.
    0:35:10 The key to having more time is doing less, and there are two paths to getting there,
    0:35:19 both of which should be used together. One, define a to-do list and two, define a not-to-do list.
    0:35:27 In general terms, there are but two questions. What 20% of sources are causing 80% of my problems
    0:35:35 and unhappiness? What 20% of sources are resulting in 80% of my desired outcome and happiness?
    0:35:42 Hypothetical cases help to get us started. One, if you had a heart attack
    0:35:50 and had to work two hours per day, what would you do? Not five hours, not four hours, not three,
    0:35:55 two hours. It’s not where I want you to ultimately be, but it’s a start.
    0:36:01 Besides, I can hear your brain bubbling already. That’s ridiculous, impossible, I know, I know.
    0:36:08 If I told you that you could survive for months, functioning quite well on four hours of sleep
    0:36:14 per night, would you believe me? Probably not. Not withstanding millions of new mothers do it
    0:36:22 all the time. This exercise is not optional. The doctor has warned you, after triple bypass surgery,
    0:36:27 that if you don’t cut down your work to two hours per day for the first three months post-op,
    0:36:35 you will die. How would you do it? Two, if you had a second heart attack
    0:36:44 and had to work two hours per week, what would you do? Three, if you had a gun to your head and had
    0:36:53 to stop doing four-fifths of different time-consuming activities, what would you remove? Simplicity
    0:37:00 requires ruthlessness. If you had to stop four-fifths of time-consuming activities, email, phone calls,
    0:37:08 conversations, paperwork, meetings, advertising, customers, suppliers, products, services, etc.,
    0:37:12 what would you eliminate to keep the negative effect on income to a minimum?
    0:37:18 Used even once per month, this question alone can keep you sane and on track.
    0:37:26 Four, what are the top three activities that I use to fill time to feel as though I’ve been productive?
    0:37:32 These are usually used to postpone more important actions,
    0:37:38 often uncomfortable because there is a chance of failure or rejection. Be honest with yourself,
    0:37:42 as we all do this on occasion. What are your crutch activities?
    0:37:51 Five, who are the 20% of people who produce 80% of your enjoyment and propel you forward?
    0:37:55 And which 20% cause 80% of your depression, anger, and second guessing?
    0:38:03 Identify, positive friends versus time-consuming friends, who is helping versus hurting you,
    0:38:08 and how do you increase your time with the former while decreasing or eliminating your time with
    0:38:15 the latter? Who is causing me stress disproportionate to the time I spend with them? What will happen
    0:38:20 if I simply stop interacting with these people? Fear setting helps here.
    0:38:28 When do I feel starved for time? What commitments, thoughts, and people can I eliminate to fix this
    0:38:35 problem? Exact numbers aren’t needed to realize that we spend too much time with those who poison us
    0:38:42 with pessimism, sloth, and low expectations of themselves and the world. It is often the case
    0:38:47 that you have to fire certain friends or retire from particular social circles to have the life
    0:38:55 you want. This isn’t being mean, it is being practical. Poisonous people do not deserve your time.
    0:39:01 To think otherwise is masochistic. The best way to approach a potential break is simple,
    0:39:06 confide in them honestly but tactfully and explain your concerns. If they bite back,
    0:39:13 your conclusions have been confirmed. Drop them like any other bad habit. If they promise to change,
    0:39:18 first spend at least two weeks apart to develop other positive influences in your life
    0:39:24 and diminish psychological dependency. The next trial period should have a set duration
    0:39:31 and consist of pass or fail criteria. If this approach is too confrontational for you,
    0:39:37 just politely refuse to interact with them. Be in the middle of something when the call comes
    0:39:42 and have a prior commitment when the invitation to hang out comes. Once you see the benefits of
    0:39:47 decreased time with these people, it will be easier to stop communication altogether.
    0:39:55 I’m not going to lie, it sucks. It hurts like pulling out a splinter. But you are the average
    0:40:03 of the five people you associate with most, so do not underestimate the effects of your pessimistic,
    0:40:08 unambitious, or disorganized friends. If someone isn’t making you stronger,
    0:40:13 they’re making you weaker. Remove the splinters and you’ll thank yourself for it.
    0:40:22 6. Learn to ask. If this is the only thing I accomplish today, will I be satisfied with my day?
    0:40:28 Don’t ever arrive at the office or in front of your computer without a clear list of priorities.
    0:40:34 You’ll just read unassociated email and scramble your brain for the day. Compile your to-do list
    0:40:40 for tomorrow no later than this evening. I don’t recommend using Outlook or Computerized to-do
    0:40:47 lists, because it is possible to add an infinite number of items. I use a standard piece of paper
    0:40:53 folded in half three times, which fits perfectly in the pocket and limits you to noting only a few
    0:40:59 items. There should never be more than two mission-critical items to complete each day, never.
    0:41:06 It just isn’t necessary if they’re actually high-impact. If you are stuck trying to decide
    0:41:12 between multiple items that all seem crucial, as happens to all of us, look at each in turn and
    0:41:19 ask yourself, “If this is the only thing I accomplish today, will I be satisfied with my day?”
    0:41:26 To counter the seemingly urgent, ask yourself, “What will happen if I don’t do this?”
    0:41:33 And is it worth putting off the important to-do-it? If you haven’t already accomplished at least one
    0:41:40 important task in the day, don’t spend the last business hour returning a DVD to avoid a $5 late
    0:41:49 charge. Get the important task done and pay the $5 fine. 7. Put a post-it on your computer screen
    0:41:55 or set an Outlook reminder to alert you at least three times daily with the question,
    0:42:03 “Are you inventing things to do to avoid the important?” I also use free time-tracking software
    0:42:10 called RescueTime, rescuetime.com, to alert me when I spend more than an allotted time on certain
    0:42:17 websites or programs often used to avoid the important, Gmail, Facebook, Outlook, etc.
    0:42:24 It also summarizes your time use each week and compares your performance to peers.
    0:42:31 8. Do not multitask. I’m going to tell you what you already know.
    0:42:37 Trying to brush your teeth, talk on the phone, and answer email at the same time just doesn’t work.
    0:42:45 Eating while doing online research and instant messaging? Ditto. If you prioritize properly,
    0:42:52 there is no need to multitask. It is a symptom of task creep, doing more to feel productive
    0:43:00 while actually accomplishing less. As stated, you should have at most two primary goals or tasks
    0:43:07 per day. Do them separately from start to finish without distraction. Divided attention will result
    0:43:13 in more frequent interruptions, lapses in concentration, poorer net results, and less
    0:43:21 gratification. 9. Use Parkinson’s law on a macro and micro level.
    0:43:29 Use Parkinson’s law to accomplish more in less time, shorten schedules and deadlines to necessitate
    0:43:36 focused action instead of deliberation and procrastination. On a weekly and daily macro
    0:43:43 level, attempt to take Monday and/or Friday off, as well as leave work at 4 p.m. This will focus
    0:43:49 you to prioritize more effectively and quite possibly develop a social life. If you’re under
    0:43:55 the hawk-like watch of a boss, we’ll discuss the nuts and bolts of how to escape in later chapters.
    0:44:01 On a micro-task level, limit the number of items on your to-do list and use
    0:44:08 impossibly short deadlines to force immediate action while ignoring minutia. If doing work
    0:44:17 online or near an online computer, e.ggtimer.com is a convenient countdown timer. Just type the
    0:44:28 desired time limit directly into the URL field and hit Enter. For example, e.ggtimer.com/5minutes,
    0:44:43 e.ggtimer.com/1hour30minutes30seconds, e.ggtimer.com/30. If you just put in a number, it assumes seconds.
    0:44:50 Comfort challenge. Learn to propose. Two days.
    0:44:56 Stop asking for opinions and start proposing solutions. Begin with the small things. If
    0:45:02 someone is going to ask or asks, “Where should we eat? What movies should we watch? What should
    0:45:08 we do tonight?” or anything similar, do not reflect it back with, “Well, what do you want to?”
    0:45:16 Offer a solution. Stop the back and forth and make a decision. Practice this in both personal
    0:45:22 and professional environments. Here are a few lines that help. My favorites are the first and last.
    0:45:28 Can I make a suggestion? I propose. I’d like to propose.
    0:45:38 I suggest that what do you think? Let’s try and then try something else if that doesn’t work.
    0:45:47 Lifestyle design in action. I’m a musician who got your book because Derek Sivers at CD Baby
    0:45:54 recommended it. Checking Pareto’s law, I realized that 78% of my downloads came from just one of
    0:46:02 my CDs and that 55% of my total download income came from only five songs. It showed me what my
    0:46:08 fans are looking for and allowed me to showcase those on my website. Downloads are the way to go.
    0:46:15 iTunes sells the song and CD Baby direct deposits it to my account. Fully automated once the recording
    0:46:21 is done. There are some months I can live off download income. Once I finish paying off debt,
    0:46:26 it should be no problem to travel as an artist and create new fans all over the world and have
    0:46:35 a cyber income stream. Victor Johnson. As for outsourcing your banking, any company that needs
    0:46:42 to take checks should consider a lockbox solution. Just about any bank that does business banking
    0:46:49 offers it. All checks go to a P.O. box at the bank. The bank processes the checks and deposits them
    0:46:54 and according to your instructions can send you a file of all the checks that are deposited.
    0:47:02 Normally this can be done in either a flat, excel or other file type that can interface with any
    0:47:09 accounting systems from excel to quicken to SAP. Quite cost effective. Anonymous.
    0:47:17 Hey guys, this is Tim again. Just one more thing before you take off and that is Five Bullet Friday.
    0:47:21 Would you enjoy getting a short email from me every Friday that provides a little fun
    0:47:25 before the weekend? Between one and a half and two million people subscribe to my free newsletter,
    0:47:31 my super short newsletter called Five Bullet Friday. Easy to sign up, easy to cancel. It is
    0:47:36 basically a half page that I send out every Friday to share the coolest things I’ve found
    0:47:41 or discovered or have started exploring over that week. It’s kind of like my diary of cool things.
    0:47:47 It often includes articles I’m reading, books I’m reading, albums perhaps, gadgets, gizmos,
    0:47:53 all sorts of tech tricks and so on that get sent to me by my friends including a lot of podcasts.
    0:47:59 Guests and these strange esoteric things end up in my field and then I test them and then I share
    0:48:05 them with you. So if that sounds fun, again, it’s very short, a little tiny bite of goodness before
    0:48:10 you head off for the weekend, something to think about. If you’d like to try it out, just go to
    0:48:16 tim.vlog/friday, type that into your browser, tim.vlog/friday, drop in your email and you’ll
    0:48:22 get the very next one. Thanks for listening. As many of you know, for the last few years I’ve
    0:48:27 been sleeping on a midnight Lux mattress from today’s sponsor, Helix Sleep. I also have one in
    0:48:33 the guest bedroom downstairs and feedback from friends has always been fantastic. Kind of over
    0:48:37 the top, to be honest. I mean, they frequently say it’s the best night of sleep they’ve had in
    0:48:41 ages. What kind of mattresses and what do you do? What’s the magic juju? It’s something they comment
    0:48:47 on without any prompting from me whatsoever. I also recently had a chance to test the Helix Sunset
    0:48:52 Elite in a new guest bedroom which I sometimes sleep in and I picked it for its very soft but
    0:48:57 supportive feel to help with some lower back pain that I’ve had. The Sunset Elite delivers
    0:49:01 exceptional comfort while putting the right support in the right spots. It is made with
    0:49:06 five tailored foam layers including a base layer with full perimeter zoned lumbar support
    0:49:11 right where I need it and middle layers with premium foam and micro coils to create a soft
    0:49:15 contouring feel. Which also means if I feel like I want to sleep on my side I can do that without
    0:49:20 worrying about other aches and pains I might create. And with a luxurious pillow top for pressure
    0:49:25 relief, I look forward to nestling into that bed every night that I use it. The best part of course
    0:49:31 is that it helps me wake up feeling fully rested with a back that feels supple instead of
    0:49:36 stiff. That is the name of the game for me these days. Helix offers a 100 night sleep trial,
    0:49:42 fast free shipping and a 15 year warranty so check it all out. And you my dear listeners can get
    0:49:51 between 20 and 27% off plus two free pillows on all mattress orders. So go to helixsleep.com/tim
    0:49:58 to check it out. That’s helixsleep.com/tim. With Helix, better sleep starts now.
    0:50:05 One of the first times I really explored quantum computing on the podcast was with legendary
    0:50:12 investor Steve Gerbertson. This was way back in 2018. Quantum computers can process exponentially
    0:50:17 more data than classical computers and can one day crack encryption algorithms that are currently
    0:50:23 secure. So there is an arms race afoot and it is good to get ahead of it if you can. That’s why
    0:50:30 ExpressVPN, this episode’s sponsor, Thinking Ahead, has upgraded their encryption to use ML Chem,
    0:50:35 which is the strongest available protection from post quantum threats. A VPN or virtual private
    0:50:41 network is already the best way to secure your privacy while online. I use ExpressVPN anytime,
    0:50:46 I’m on public Wi-Fi, whether that’s at a coffee shop, airport or anywhere at all. You can also do
    0:50:51 some very fun stuff with choosing your server. If for instance you can’t access content that is
    0:50:56 blocked somewhere, it’s very, very useful. And with ExpressVPN, all of your online activity is
    0:51:01 rerouted through encrypted servers. So no one can read your data or try to hijack your connection,
    0:51:05 whether that’s a data broker profiting off of your private online activity or
    0:51:10 hackers who are lurking on public Wi-Fi to steal your confidential information. It’s actually a
    0:51:15 lot easier to sniff those packets and steal your data than you might think. So it’s good to have
    0:51:21 protection. And now with post quantum protection, ExpressVPN is essentially future-proofing their
    0:51:26 customer’s privacy. So to get the highest standard of protection from your VPN service,
    0:51:33 go to expressvpn.com/tim. You’ll get four extra months for free when you use that link,
    0:51:46 so be sure to check it out. That’s expressvpn.com/tim for an extra four months for free.

    This time around, we have a bit of a different format, featuring the book that started it all for me, The 4-Hour Workweek. Readers and listeners often ask me what I would change or update, but an equally interesting question is: what wouldn’t I change? What stands the test of time and hasn’t lost any potency? This episode features one of the most important chapters from the audiobook of The 4-Hour Workweek. It includes tools and frameworks that I use to this day, including Pareto’s Law and Parkinson’s Law. 

    The chapter is narrated by the great voice actor Ray Porter. If you are interested in checking out the rest of the audiobook, which is produced and copyrighted by Blackstone Publishing, you can find it on Audible, Apple, Google, Spotify, Downpour.com, or wherever you find your favorite audiobooks.

    Sponsors:

    ExpressVPN high-speed, secure, and anonymous VPN service: https://www.expressvpn.com/tim (get 3 or 4 months free on their annual plans)

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    Helix Sleep premium mattresses: https://HelixSleep.com/Tim (Between 20% and 27% off all mattress orders and two free pillows)

    *

    For show notes and past guests on The Tim Ferriss Show, please visit tim.blog/podcast.

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    Past guests on The Tim Ferriss Show include Jerry SeinfeldHugh JackmanDr. Jane GoodallLeBron JamesKevin HartDoris Kearns GoodwinJamie FoxxMatthew McConaugheyEsther PerelElizabeth GilbertTerry CrewsSiaYuval Noah HarariMalcolm GladwellMadeleine AlbrightCheryl StrayedJim CollinsMary Karr, Maria PopovaSam HarrisMichael PhelpsBob IgerEdward NortonArnold SchwarzeneggerNeil StraussKen BurnsMaria SharapovaMarc AndreessenNeil GaimanNeil de Grasse TysonJocko WillinkDaniel EkKelly SlaterDr. Peter AttiaSeth GodinHoward MarksDr. Brené BrownEric SchmidtMichael LewisJoe GebbiaMichael PollanDr. Jordan PetersonVince VaughnBrian KoppelmanRamit SethiDax ShepardTony RobbinsJim DethmerDan HarrisRay DalioNaval RavikantVitalik ButerinElizabeth LesserAmanda PalmerKatie HaunSir Richard BransonChuck PalahniukArianna HuffingtonReid HoffmanBill BurrWhitney CummingsRick RubinDr. Vivek MurthyDarren AronofskyMargaret AtwoodMark ZuckerbergPeter ThielDr. Gabor MatéAnne LamottSarah SilvermanDr. Andrew Huberman, and many more.

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  • #794: Brandon Sanderson on Building a Fiction Empire, Creating $40M+ Kickstarter Campaigns, Unbreakable Habits, The Art of World-Building, and The Science of Magic Systems

    #794: Brandon Sanderson on Building a Fiction Empire, Creating $40M+ Kickstarter Campaigns, Unbreakable Habits, The Art of World-Building, and The Science of Magic Systems

    AI transcript
    0:00:15 Hi boys and girls, ladies and germs. This is Tim Ferriss. Welcome to another episode of the Tim Ferriss show where it is my job every episode to deconstruct world class performers to figure out how they do what they do, what you can use, what you can emulate.
    0:00:24 And this episode ended up being a master class. I had so much fun with it. My guest who I have wanted to interview for years is Brandon Sanderson.
    0:00:39 He is the number one New York Times bestselling author of the Stormlight Archive series and the Mistborn Saga, the middle grade series Alcatraz versus the Evil Librarians, and the Young Adult novels, the Rhythmetist, the Reckoners trilogy, and the Skyward series.
    0:00:56 He has sold more than 40 million books in 35 languages. He has architected 40 million plus dollar Kickstarter campaigns, and he is a four time nominee for the Hugo Awards, winning in 2013 for his novella, The Emperor’s Soul.
    0:01:12 That same year, he was chosen to complete Robert Jordan’s The Wheel of Time series, which is a big, big deal culminating in a memory of light. Brandon co-hosts with fellow author Dan Wells, the popular intentionally blank podcast and teaches creative writing at Brangham Young University.
    0:01:32 We did this one in person, which made all the difference in Brandon’s massive cavernous offices right next to his warehouse. It was a hell of a ride and we covered a lot of ground and a lot of really nitty gritty tactical advice related to fiction, business,
    0:01:47 publishing, innovating across the board, how he architected his record breaking Kickstarter campaign, and much, much more. You can find him at brandonsanderson.com. That’s B-R-A-N-D-O-N Sanderson.com.
    0:02:00 And you can find him on X Instagram and YouTube at brandsanderson. That’s B-R-A-N-D Sanderson. And I definitely recommend checking out all of those. So we’re going to hop right into it, get into the meat and potatoes.
    0:02:08 A lot of varied terrain with Brandon Sanderson. First, just a few words from the people who make this podcast possible.
    0:02:20 Listeners have heard me talk about making before you manage for years. All that means to me is that when I wake up, I block out three to four hours to do the most important things that are generative, creative, podcasting, writing, etc.
    0:02:41 Before I get to the email and the admin stuff and the reactive stuff and everyone else’s agenda for my time, for me, let’s just say I’m a writer and entrepreneur, I need to focus on the making to be happy. If I get sucked into all the little bits and pieces that are constantly churning, I end up feeling stressed out.
    0:02:55 And that is why today’s sponsor is so interesting. It’s been one of the greatest energetic unlocks in the last few years. So here we go. I need to find people who are great at managing. And that is where Cresit Family Office comes in.
    0:03:07 You spell it C-R-E-S-S-E-T. Cresit Family Office. I was introduced to them by one of the top CPG investors in the world. Cresit is a prestigious family office for CEOs, founders, and entrepreneurs.
    0:03:26 They handle the complex financial planning, uncertain tax strategies, timely exit planning, bill pay, wires, all the dozens of other parts of wealth management and just financial management that would otherwise pull me away from doing what I love most, making things, mastering skills, spending time with the people I care about.
    0:03:39 And over many years, I was getting pulled away from that stuff at least a few days a week and I’ve completely eliminated that. So experience the freedom of focusing on what matters to you with the support of a top wealth management team.
    0:03:56 You can schedule a call today at CresitCapital.com/Tim that’s spelled C-R-E-S-S-E-T CresitCapital.com/Tim to see how Cresit can help streamline your financial plans and grow your wealth. That’s CresitCapital.com/Tim.
    0:04:08 And disclosure, I am a client of Cresit. There are no material conflicts other than this paid testimonial. And of course, all investing involves risk, including loss of principle. So do your due diligence.
    0:04:22 I’ve been fascinated by the microbiome and probiotics as well as prebiotics for decades, but products never quite live up to the hype. I’ve tried so many dozens and there are a host of problems.
    0:04:37 Now things are starting to change and that includes this episode’s sponsor, SEEDS DS01 Daily Symbiotic. Now it turns out that this product, SEEDS DS01, was recommended to me many months ago by a PhD microbiologist.
    0:04:50 So I started using it well before their team ever reached out to me about sponsorship, which is kind of ideal because I used it unbidden, so to speak, came in fresh. Since then it has become a daily staple and one of the few supplements I travel with.
    0:05:05 I have it in a suitcase literally about 10 feet from me right now. It goes with me. I’ve always been very skeptical of most probiotics due to the lack of science behind them and the fact that many do not survive digestion to begin with.
    0:05:18 Many of them are shipped dead, DOA. But after incorporating two capsules of SEEDS DS01 into my morning routine, I have noticed improved digestion and improved overall health seem to be a bunch of different cascading effects.
    0:05:27 Based on some reports, I’m hoping it will also have an effect on my lipid profile, but that is definitely TBD. So why is SEEDS DS01 so effective? What makes it different?
    0:05:43 For one, it is a 2-in-1 probiotic and prebiotic formulated with 24 clinically and scientifically studied strains that have systemic benefits in and beyond the gut. That’s all well and good, but if the probiotic strains don’t make it to the right place, in other words, your colon, they’re not as effective.
    0:05:57 So SEED developed a proprietary capsule and capsule delivery system that survives digestion and delivers a precision release of the live and viable probiotics to the colon, which is exactly where you want them to go to do the work.
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    0:06:19 If you’ve ever thought about probiotics but haven’t known where to start, this is my current vote for great gut health. You can start here. It costs less than $2 a day. That is the DS01.
    0:06:46 And now you can get 25% off your first month with code 25TIM. And that is 25% off of your first month of SEEDS DS01 at seed.com/tim using code 25TIM all put together. That’s seed.com/tim. And if you forget it, you will see the coupon code on that page. One more time, seed.com/tim code 25TIM.
    0:06:52 At this altitude, I can run flat out for a half mile before my hands start shaking.
    0:06:54 Can I answer your personal question?
    0:06:56 No, I would have seeded it for a lifetime.
    0:07:01 I’m a cybernetic organism living this year over a metal endoskeleton.
    0:07:13 So, Brandon, just when we were doing soundcheck.
    0:07:14 Yes.
    0:07:15 What did you do?
    0:07:25 So, when I was in kindergarten, I was taught the state song. And I have a good friend, Mary Robinette. She worked in stage for a while.
    0:07:33 We did a podcast together when podcasts were brand new and she would always soundcheck by doing the Jabberwock poem, just this beautiful poetry.
    0:07:41 She had learned to memorize a poem so that they could get a soundcheck because people generally don’t talk enough for a soundcheck.
    0:07:45 And so, then they come to me and I’d be like, “I’m talking. I’m talking. You’ve seen it, the stuff that people do.”
    0:07:48 And they’re like, “Is that enough? Is that enough?” They’re like, “Still some more.”
    0:07:53 And you’re like, “Oh, I’m talking. I’m talking.” So, I thought, “I need a thing, but I don’t know any poetry.”
    0:07:58 But I do know what Ms. Succup taught me in kindergarten, which is the state song.
    0:08:03 And so, I just started listing off the states in alphabetical order, and it became a thing.
    0:08:06 So, now they soundcheck me off of the list of states.
    0:08:10 Yeah, you made it to New Mexico. I’m not sure I could make it past California without making a mistake.
    0:08:15 I still hear the song in my head, “Fifty Nifty, United States.”
    0:08:21 All right, well, let’s leap off of that. Do you have, would you say, in terms of superpowers, an unusual memory?
    0:08:26 Or is there something just to the rhythm and musicality of that that made it stick?
    0:08:33 No, I don’t think I have an unusual memory. I have an unusual one. I don’t have an uncommonly good one. How about that?
    0:08:40 My wife always jokes. I don’t forget a story, and that I don’t. I don’t tend to re-read books.
    0:08:44 I don’t tend to re-watch movies because I’ve seen it. I’ve read it.
    0:08:50 Twenty years or so, I’ll go back and re-watch something, but stories just stick with me.
    0:09:00 I can tell you about stories that I read when I was still a teenager, but I will forget where my keys are, right?
    0:09:04 And I will forget people’s names, and I will, all of that stuff.
    0:09:13 I joke that I’ve just got so much RAM, and I’ve filled it all with story ideas, and so everything else kind of just squeezed out the ears.
    0:09:21 Well, it seems like where we’re sitting, where we’re sitting at HQ, it seems like the design of Dragonsteel,
    0:09:25 maybe the intention behind it is to allow you to do that on some level.
    0:09:35 Yeah, yeah. I mean, everything in our company is built around let Brandon cook and take away from Brandon
    0:09:39 anything that he doesn’t have to think about, or, you know, doesn’t strictly need to.
    0:09:45 I actually think this is kind of a Tim Ferriss thing, right? Like my water bottle.
    0:09:48 I don’t have to worry about refilling it and having ice in the morning.
    0:09:53 I’ve set up a system where somebody does that, and I just pick it up and go.
    0:10:01 The more that I can keep out of my brain that I have to track the better because I am always constructing narrative.
    0:10:03 I’m always working on the story.
    0:10:09 Let’s give another example of productivity that I don’t want to say I vetoed, but it was a conversation before we started recording.
    0:10:14 How many books or book plates do you sign per year?
    0:10:21 So we need between 50,000 and 100,000 times my signature signed.
    0:10:26 The story is usually I’m sitting here and signing pages while I’m doing anything
    0:10:32 because if I have to sign my name 100,000 times, then, you know, I take up the empty space.
    0:10:40 Yeah. And we actually used to once upon a time, we would get the books, the full books, and I would sit and sign them.
    0:10:42 And that’s just a massive undertaking.
    0:10:46 We couldn’t do that anymore when it got over around 10,000.
    0:10:50 I’d actually listen to podcasts and go sit and sign books and sign books and sign books.
    0:10:55 Now we get the pages like the front page and we just give them to me in stacks.
    0:10:59 If anyone wants to see it, my podcast exists so that I can sign the pages.
    0:11:01 It’s the reverse, right?
    0:11:07 I started up because I need to sign these things and I’ll just sit and zip through them normally while I’m doing anything else.
    0:11:09 But today I wanted to give you my undivided attention.
    0:11:10 I appreciate that.
    0:11:13 And I’m going to have a lot of super fans of yours.
    0:11:23 I’m sure, wish and petition me that I would have asked a different set of questions, but I’m actually going to start with Seoul, Korea.
    0:11:34 Because as I mentioned, I was an East Asian Studies major, spent formative time, completely changed my life in Japan and other places, Taiwan, and mainly China also.
    0:11:37 Where does Seoul, Korea fit into your life?
    0:11:40 So I’m a member of the Church of Jesus Christ, Latter-day Saints.
    0:11:43 A lot of us go on two-year missions.
    0:11:44 It can be anywhere.
    0:11:45 It can be local.
    0:11:46 It can be overseas.
    0:11:48 I ended up going to Korea.
    0:11:51 I got the letter saying, “Hey, this is where we’d like you.”
    0:11:53 And I’m like, “Where’s Korea?”
    0:11:56 But I loved my time there.
    0:11:59 It was really formative for me in multiple ways.
    0:12:03 One of which is kind of more amusing.
    0:12:09 I was at the time a chemistry major in college and I was so happy to be on another continent from chemistry.
    0:12:15 I had those two years away to really kind of reassess my life and kind of grow up.
    0:12:22 And most people, when they grow up, they go away from the artistic pursuits because they don’t make a lot of sense.
    0:12:26 I grew up and came back and said, “I’m going to do this.
    0:12:28 I’m going to be a writer.”
    0:12:34 But living in another culture, living where you are a minority.
    0:12:38 Granted, a privileged minority still, but a minority living.
    0:12:43 And saying that the way that people’s language influences the way they think about the world,
    0:12:48 the way that their social mores impact their relationships with one another,
    0:12:55 and all of these things was extremely formative for me in understanding how to approach writing a fantastical culture.
    0:13:03 Just on a fundamental basis, getting rid of some of these ideas that the way that I do things is the only way to do things.
    0:13:08 The Korean language for people who haven’t been exposed, particularly the writing system.
    0:13:09 Yes.
    0:13:14 So if people want to learn to read Korean, you won’t be able to understand what you’re reading.
    0:13:17 But if you want to sound it out, you can learn it in a few hours.
    0:13:19 Yeah, we learned it in a few hours.
    0:13:20 Do you know the story?
    0:13:21 Tell the story.
    0:13:22 The story. You know the story.
    0:13:24 I do, but I think people will appreciate it.
    0:13:27 This is obviously mythologized, right?
    0:13:33 But King Sejong, so King Sejong, he’s the guy on the essentially the $10 bill in Korea.
    0:13:35 He is there, George Washington.
    0:13:37 And Sejong, the great.
    0:13:42 And what happens, Chinese is a really fascinating writing system, right?
    0:13:47 Because it’s logographic, which means that anyone can read a Chinese character.
    0:13:49 It’s more of a hieroglyph than it is.
    0:13:51 You can’t sound it out, right?
    0:13:56 Because anyone can read it, it transcends language in a lot of ways.
    0:13:59 You can see the symbol for person and know it means person.
    0:14:05 Whether you speak Mongolian or whether you speak Thai or whether you speak Japanese or Korean or Chinese.
    0:14:08 So it makes it a great kind of language for trade.
    0:14:13 But it also is extremely hard to learn because every concept must have essentially its own letter.
    0:14:20 And so to be fluent in reading it, you need to learn 2000 to 3000 letters.
    0:14:26 And so it was a really bad system for a common people to learn how to read.
    0:14:30 And King Sejong was like, my people are illiterate.
    0:14:32 They can’t learn Chinese.
    0:14:35 We must have our own writing system that you can sound out.
    0:14:45 You sound out Korean and he gathered his scholars and the story as they together created the system that would be have no deviations.
    0:14:50 It read like it sounded and they designed it based on the movements of the mouth you make.
    0:14:56 And then King Sejong loved it so much he wrote it on little leaves and then spread it out.
    0:15:01 Because the upper class did not want people to learn how to read and they were very against it.
    0:15:03 They’re like, oh, we don’t want the commoners to read.
    0:15:04 That’s for us.
    0:15:09 They, you know, passing the tests and Chinese was a big, you know, Latin for the high priesthood.
    0:15:18 And so Sejong wrote it on a letter and it blew through Korea and the people picked it up and it was so divinely inspired that they intrinsically knew how to read Korean.
    0:15:25 And he frustrated the attempts of the nobles from keeping people to read by giving it to people written on leaves.
    0:15:26 It’s so delightful.
    0:15:28 It is an amazing, amazing mythology story.
    0:15:32 And the Korean people are very proud of this writing system for good reason.
    0:15:35 I encourage everybody to just take a few hours.
    0:15:41 I think there’s even a comic book called How to Learn to Read Korean in 15 Minutes or something like that.
    0:15:42 Slight exaggeration.
    0:15:43 It’s going to take you more than 15 minutes.
    0:15:44 Yeah.
    0:15:47 But in 60 minutes, you could definitely get the basics and figure it out.
    0:15:52 Definitely gives you a false sense of your own skill when you learn it.
    0:15:53 You’re like, wow, I’m reading.
    0:15:56 And they’re like, all right, now the actual language, what these things mean.
    0:16:07 And good news, if you do learn some Korean, you can hop reasonably easily to Japanese and in some cases to Chinese as well.
    0:16:13 So you might have Jeong Hwang for telephone, then Dian Hwang in Chinese Mandarin, and then Daewang in Japanese.
    0:16:15 So there’s a lot of overlap.
    0:16:23 Or like if you want to say, “Tan-san-su juseyo” in Korean.
    0:16:27 So anyway, if you get one, then it’s a good branch off to other things.
    0:16:32 All right, I’m going to cut my linguistics nerding short.
    0:16:33 You need to create a conlang.
    0:16:34 Have you ever done it?
    0:16:36 Oh, I have actually.
    0:16:38 So you should explain what that means.
    0:16:42 But I have actually spent some time on it.
    0:16:48 And I owe you a huge debt of gratitude because I listened to probably 40 episodes of writing excuses.
    0:16:49 Oh, did you?
    0:16:55 And then I was working on my first real attempt at fantasy world building a few years ago.
    0:16:59 And I wanted to incorporate language as a core piece of it.
    0:17:04 And I spent a lot of time also looking at Tolkien’s work with languages.
    0:17:05 He’s the master.
    0:17:07 Yeah, unbelievably complex.
    0:17:23 And I also, at one point, this is actually from my third book, reached out to the gentleman who designed the Navi language in Avatar, which in very partial measure stemmed from some of his exposure to some of these East Asian languages as well.
    0:17:30 But okay, so how would you approach and how do you think about language construction?
    0:17:32 Are you sure we’re not getting too nerdy for your audience?
    0:17:33 This is super nerdy.
    0:17:36 Yeah, folks, look, we’re about to go really deep in the nerd pool.
    0:17:41 So if you want to skip ahead five minutes, that’s fine, but I’d encourage you to stick around.
    0:17:44 A con leg is a constructed language.
    0:17:50 Most people know of Klingon and Elvish and George Martin has one and the Navi you mentioned.
    0:17:52 These are just invented languages.
    0:17:57 There’s only one that’s in wide use or wide quote unquote Esperanto.
    0:18:05 You could almost say that Korean is a bit one because it was actively designed rather than growing organically.
    0:18:08 But I think it’s hovering in this in between space.
    0:18:09 So how do I approach it?
    0:18:18 I look at what Tolkien did and I say, wow, he basically wrote Lord of the Rings because he had these cool languages he was designing.
    0:18:20 He wanted a place to use them, right?
    0:18:21 Including crazy scripts.
    0:18:22 Yeah.
    0:18:26 And I said, I don’t have 20 years to do that like Grandpa Tolkien.
    0:18:28 I’m really a narrative guy.
    0:18:31 I really focus on what makes a narrative work.
    0:18:32 I’m going to break it down.
    0:18:36 People think of me as the world building guy, but I’m not.
    0:18:39 That’s certainly the thing I’ve used as my branding and marketing.
    0:18:43 It’s the way that I’ve used to make myself easily recommendable and distinctive.
    0:18:46 But what I spend most of my time on is narrative.
    0:18:56 And so when I look at the language, I’m like, I want to have something that is relevant, that works, but I don’t want to spend 20 years.
    0:19:03 And so I usually come up with a few interesting rules that I’ve come up with through my knowledge of linguistics.
    0:19:05 And I say, follow these rules.
    0:19:08 Whenever you need a word, go back to these rules and build it.
    0:19:09 Don’t write out the whole language.
    0:19:12 Don’t come out with how you would say every sentence.
    0:19:18 Each time you need something, go to the rules, build it up from the fundamentals, and it will all eventually then work.
    0:19:26 But it means I end a book with 50 words and maybe a little bit of grammatical structure, not with an entire language that you could speak.
    0:19:32 This I ran into, which is part of the reason why I was revisiting my email changes with the person who created Navi,
    0:19:40 because I had something like eight greater houses in this fancy world that I was creating for my own entertainment more than anything else.
    0:19:42 It’s just an itch, I really want to scratch.
    0:19:53 And the extent to which I developed languages was really just for a few exclamations, a few songs, very short, not Tolkien, like 20 minutes on audiobook.
    0:20:00 And I loved it, but I recognized how you could really trap yourself in quicksand if you tried to get too ambitious.
    0:20:05 We call it world builders disease, which sometimes you want to give yourself, it’s fun.
    0:20:15 But if you spend 20 years world building every book in today’s market, you’re probably not going to have a career as a professional writer.
    0:20:22 You might, you might get lucky and write that one book that’ll sell millions of copies and make it so you can live off of just that income.
    0:20:24 Most of us, it takes a lot more effort.
    0:20:32 And we learn to world build in service of story rather than write stories in service of world building, but everybody gets to do what they want.
    0:20:34 You scratch your itch, how you want to scratch it.
    0:20:40 We’re going to talk about putting in the effort and No Man’s Land perhaps is one way that we could put it.
    0:20:47 But I want to ask first about David Farland, if I’m pronouncing your name correctly.
    0:20:55 So as an undergrad, at least based on research I did, you took a creative writing class with David Farland or a writing class.
    0:21:03 How did that affect you and what lessons might you have grabbed onto that have stuck with you in any way?
    0:21:09 Yeah, so I came back from Korea sophomore year of college and I’m like, I’m young, I’m stupid.
    0:21:12 Now is the time to try to be a writer, right?
    0:21:14 This is what I really want to do.
    0:21:18 And I suspect we’ll get into later why I really want to do that and things like that.
    0:21:22 But it changed my major to English because I thought that’s what you had to do.
    0:21:26 Later found out Stephen King and others recommend you major in anything but English.
    0:21:35 The reasoning being that you should study something that you’re fascinated by and then use that to inform your writing, which is generally pretty good advice.
    0:21:37 I do recommend that.
    0:21:42 The cheat code is if you major in English, you can use your writing as your homework.
    0:21:45 The assignments you can double use your time.
    0:21:48 A lot of times you can be practicing your writing but also turn it in.
    0:21:51 And so it’s a little easier in some ways.
    0:21:57 Changed my major to English and I took a whole bunch of classes from a whole bunch of professors whom they’re dear to me.
    0:21:59 I love them.
    0:22:04 Most of them have retired by now or passed on but they knew nothing about publishing.
    0:22:06 This is just very common in the arts, right?
    0:22:15 They’ll talk about how to express yourself as a writer but they won’t talk about how do you construct a sympathetic character.
    0:22:17 Never heard those terms.
    0:22:26 They’ll tell you about how to get into a MFA program but they won’t tell you how to get a publishing deal because none of them have done it.
    0:22:36 And so again, they did teach me some valuable things but my senior year after going through a bunch of these workshops is what we call it, writing workshops.
    0:22:43 I heard that there was a writer coming in who actually had published something and he was teaching the low level, 200 level class.
    0:22:47 And then I was in taking the graduate courses even though I wasn’t a graduate yet.
    0:22:51 And I’m like, “I should probably take this class even though it’s kind of a step backward.
    0:22:58 It won’t fulfill any of my credit requirements but I’m at college to learn not to check some boxes off of a list.”
    0:23:01 And so I took his class and it was revolutionary to me.
    0:23:04 He sat down like the first few days.
    0:23:07 He’s like, “All right, here’s how you actually construct a narrative.
    0:23:08 Here’s what works.
    0:23:09 Here’s what doesn’t work.
    0:23:10 Here are tools.”
    0:23:17 I was kind of focused and it became my focus in teaching on here’s a toolbox because not every tool works for every writer.
    0:23:22 In fact, you’re generally going to gravitate toward one or two and the rest you’ll find useless.
    0:23:27 And he took that toolbox approach and he said, “Some writers do it this way, some writers do it that way.
    0:23:28 Try this.
    0:23:29 Here’s something to do.”
    0:23:35 And then he talked about publishing in this way that was mind blowing because that was the big thing for me.
    0:23:36 Was hearing someone say–
    0:23:37 Kind of the black box.
    0:23:38 Yeah.
    0:23:39 Here’s my publishing contract.
    0:23:41 He said, “He passed it around.
    0:23:42 Here’s my latest contract.
    0:23:43 Have a look at it.
    0:23:44 Ask questions.”
    0:23:47 And here’s how you go about getting one of these.
    0:23:52 And I took his advice back in the early 2000s.
    0:23:55 Publishing in sci-fi fantasy was still very networking focused.
    0:23:59 It’s actually moved away from that for various reasons.
    0:24:12 But back then, the best way to break in was to go to the conventions, get into the parties, meet the editors, and start chatting with them and start listening to what they were actually interested in.
    0:24:17 The magic question was, what are you working on right now that you’re really excited by?
    0:24:21 Because this lets you learn the personalities of the various editors.
    0:24:30 It’s not networking in that none of them knew who I was, but it’s networking in that hearing from them directly what they were buying and why.
    0:24:37 Then you could go to these 50 editors and say, “All right, these five really seem like they would like my work.”
    0:24:41 Instead of sending to all 50, I target those five.
    0:24:42 I met them at a party.
    0:24:43 I say, “Hey, I met you.
    0:24:45 Sound like we hit it off.
    0:24:47 You mentioned that I could send you my work.
    0:24:48 Here it is.”
    0:24:54 That’s what got me an agent and an editor was doing that, just kind of the Dave Farland method of breaking in.
    0:24:56 I was the last generation that worked for.
    0:24:58 It really doesn’t work anymore.
    0:25:02 Everyone jokes that in publishing, no one actually wants to publish in the authors.
    0:25:04 No one wants to actually do any work.
    0:25:09 So anytime someone sneaks in, they’re like, “Oh, how did you get into publishing?
    0:25:10 Oh, really?”
    0:25:13 And then they close that door so that no one else can get in.
    0:25:19 We all joke about things like that. It’s not actually true. Everyone actually wants to find great authors and great work.
    0:25:26 But the industry changes quickly enough that what works for one generation by the time they’ve broken in, the industry’s changed.
    0:25:27 It just doesn’t work.
    0:25:32 So I’m going to come back to the agent and I’ll just plant the seed.
    0:25:35 I’m going to ask how much writing you did before that happened.
    0:25:41 But before we get to that, I want to ask, are you still teaching the creative writing class at BYU?
    0:25:42 I am.
    0:25:43 Bring me on university.
    0:25:45 What is the first class?
    0:25:46 First class.
    0:25:49 So first class is some things I just told you.
    0:25:54 I get up and I say to them, actually the very first thing is I say to them,
    0:25:59 “During this class, we’re going to pretend you want to be a professional writing writer,
    0:26:04 earning a full-time living from your writing in the next 10 years.”
    0:26:10 That we’re going to pretend because most of you, that’s probably not whether there, right?
    0:26:12 Most of them, they’re just curious.
    0:26:14 They may have a book of them.
    0:26:19 And we have this curious relationship with art in our society.
    0:26:24 It is, as soon as you say, “I’m going to write something,” people are like, “Oh, when will you monetize it?
    0:26:26 When will you earn money from it?”
    0:26:29 And that can be kind of destructive, right?
    0:26:33 Like you mentioned, you’re writing a book or you wrote one just because it was an itch.
    0:26:34 You enjoyed it.
    0:26:37 I think writing is legitimately just good for people.
    0:26:42 And the same way that working out is good for people, learning to write a narrative
    0:26:46 and get those thoughts out of your head and page, just innately good.
    0:26:51 Most people, when they go play basketball, pretty if they look like me,
    0:26:54 people aren’t going to be like, “So when are you going into the NBA?”
    0:26:55 Yeah, right.
    0:26:58 But if you write a book, people will say, “So when are you going to publish it?”
    0:27:02 And I say to the students, “It’s okay if that’s not your goal.
    0:27:06 If you want to write just for you, if you want to be on the I spent 20 years
    0:27:09 and then produce one book, route, totally fine.
    0:27:14 However, I want you to know everything you would need to shoot for the highest level,
    0:27:17 which is earning a full-time living as a writer.
    0:27:19 And everything else falls underneath that.
    0:27:23 So during the class, we pretend that that’s your goal.
    0:27:26 Once you walk out of it, you can make your own goals, whatever they are.
    0:27:29 But while we’re there, we pretend that.
    0:27:33 And then the second thing I say is, you’re going to have to learn when to ignore me.
    0:27:37 And that is really hard to do because I’m an authority.
    0:27:38 I’m up there.
    0:27:43 Survivorship bias says, “Who knows what I actually say is going to be relevant?”
    0:27:49 Some of it, hopefully, but I can’t really determine what really played a part in me
    0:27:50 being successful and what didn’t.
    0:27:51 Sure, of course.
    0:27:55 And I want to approach it as a toolbox, giving people all of these various tools.
    0:27:58 Some of them are, sure, contradictory, self-contradictory.
    0:28:02 I can give you examples of that if you want, but you can’t use them all.
    0:28:07 So you’re going to have to ignore some of the advice of major authors.
    0:28:09 Some of the things that Stephen King tells you will be wrong.
    0:28:14 Some of the things for you, some of the things that I tell you will be wrong for you.
    0:28:16 You have to find your own way.
    0:28:19 And so I kind of start off with, I’m going to pretend you want to be a professional writer
    0:28:23 and then follow it up with, but learn when to ignore me.
    0:28:28 What are some of the contradictory tools or approaches in the toolkit?
    0:28:34 The one I generally use as my prime example is when I was studying this before I broke in,
    0:28:37 two authors that I admired, I read their books.
    0:28:42 I read Odd Writing by Stephen King and How to Write Syphine Fantasy by Orson Scott Card.
    0:28:48 And I read these books, and I honestly can’t tell you 100% if it was in those exact books
    0:28:50 or other writings of theirs on their websites and things.
    0:28:55 But Stephen King at one point said, “Do not make an outline.
    0:28:57 Do not use a writing group.
    0:28:59 These will destroy your writing.”
    0:29:02 And Scott Card is like, “I need an outline.
    0:29:07 It is fundamentally vital for me in order to build my book.”
    0:29:13 Now, Stephen King is what we generally call, these are George R. R. Martin’s terms.
    0:29:16 He’s wonderful the way he speaks about fiction.
    0:29:19 If you’re really interested, anything George says is golden.
    0:29:20 He calls them gardeners.
    0:29:22 Stephen King is a gardener.
    0:29:28 For Stephen King, exploring and discovering his story is the thing that makes him excited.
    0:29:29 He wants to take a seed.
    0:29:34 He’ll often say, “I take two really interesting characters and I put them in conflict
    0:29:38 and have something go wrong and I see where the story goes and I just write.”
    0:29:43 And he says that if he has an outline, he feels like he’s already done that process in the outline.
    0:29:46 So when he sits down to write the book, he has no motivation.
    0:29:49 He’s not exploring and discovering anymore.
    0:29:51 The other group we call architects.
    0:29:57 Architects like to build a structure and then kind of go and take this little piece
    0:30:00 and then polish that little piece and see where it goes
    0:30:03 and then take the next piece that they’ve already built as part of their structure
    0:30:05 and build a story around that.
    0:30:08 And most people are somewhere in between these two extremes,
    0:30:12 but those were two extremes where I realized I can’t do both of these.
    0:30:15 I can’t both not have an outline and have an outline.
    0:30:22 I can have a hybrid approach, but if you try to take both of their advice equally weighted,
    0:30:24 then you’re going to get nowhere.
    0:30:26 You can try both methods in different ways.
    0:30:30 You can try some hybrids, but a lot of things you’ll learn in writing.
    0:30:34 You kind of have to choose one or the other and try it out and see how it works for you.
    0:30:40 What are some of the assignments that have most resonated with students
    0:30:45 or you think best served them even though they might not recognize it?
    0:30:51 What I generally do is I follow a focus on habits approach.
    0:30:55 Instead of giving them specific writing exercises,
    0:30:58 if someone comes up to me and says, “I’m having trouble with X,”
    0:31:00 I’ll give them a writing exercise to work with that.
    0:31:04 If someone comes up to me and says, “I am having a lot of trouble
    0:31:08 going back and revising my chapters over and over again,” instead of writing the next one,
    0:31:11 I’ll say, “Okay, try writing longhand.”
    0:31:13 This works for some people.
    0:31:16 You go, you take a page of paper, you write it longhand and you tell yourself,
    0:31:19 “It doesn’t have to be perfect until I put it into the computer,”
    0:31:25 and you start each day taking what you wrote before and putting it into the computer
    0:31:28 and then leave it alone and write your next chapter longhand
    0:31:32 and then use that process to kind of get yourself back into the writing,
    0:31:34 but then forcing yourself to do something new.
    0:31:36 That works for some people.
    0:31:38 If people are having trouble with dialogue,
    0:31:43 I say, “All right, go do the exercise where you sit and listen to people on campus,”
    0:31:48 and you just write down exactly what they say, exactly as it’s said,
    0:31:53 and then take it and try to write it under different styles of dialogue.
    0:31:56 If you’re writing like Soderbergh, how would you do it?
    0:31:58 Pick some of your favorite people.
    0:32:03 Go watch their movies, write down the dialogue and compare that to the real life
    0:32:07 and just kind of figure out what kind of dialogue you like to do.
    0:32:12 Those are exercises, but in general, I’m only doing that when I’m diagnosing a problem.
    0:32:18 For the class, I’m saying your job, if you want to, try to be a professional writer.
    0:32:21 You’re going to have to write consistently.
    0:32:26 Nine out of 10 writers that I’ve found do better with consistency.
    0:32:28 One out of 10 is a binge writer.
    0:32:32 I don’t understand binge writers as well, but I can talk about that.
    0:32:36 Those are the people who go rent a cabin, take two months,
    0:32:41 walk in without a book, come out with a book, and then they don’t write for 10 months.
    0:32:47 Most people are better served by writing a certain amount every day really consistently,
    0:32:54 or at least two or three times a week, and building a novel out of good habits.
    0:32:55 I focus on that.
    0:33:01 I’m like, break it down, set a goal, have a spreadsheet, and try to hit your word counts,
    0:33:03 or at least your hour counts.
    0:33:07 If you’re having trouble doing this, go to a specific place every day that you do this
    0:33:08 that you don’t do a lot of other things.
    0:33:09 Go to the coffee shop.
    0:33:11 Go to a certain room in the house.
    0:33:13 Turn on certain music that you only turn on when you’re writing.
    0:33:17 Build that habit so that you are very consistent.
    0:33:19 Batch your writing time.
    0:33:23 If there’s something you already do every day, if you already have built a habit to go to the gym,
    0:33:29 then try to align your life so that you go to the gym and then have an hour to write.
    0:33:31 Think about where you’re going to write at the gym.
    0:33:36 Sit and write for an hour so that you are adding on to a habit that you’ve already built.
    0:33:39 And that’s my focus in the class is really be consistent.
    0:33:40 See if you can write.
    0:33:43 The goal is in the class to write 35,000 words.
    0:33:46 Class is around a third of the year.
    0:33:51 If you do that all year, you will end up with 100,000 words, which is your average novel.
    0:33:57 How many just for people listening who aren’t in the writing biz or the writing habit,
    0:34:02 100,000 words in a typical trade paper bag or it could be a hardcover.
    0:34:04 How many pages is that 300?
    0:34:06 Yeah, 350.
    0:34:14 Like the way of Kings is 400,000 words and we kind of cram stuff in there and we get to a thousand pages on that.
    0:34:16 So you can kind of run that.
    0:34:17 It’s a fourth of a thousand pages.
    0:34:18 So it’d be 250.
    0:34:20 But here’s the thing.
    0:34:22 We use dirty tricks in publishing.
    0:34:25 If you’re reading a thriller or a young adult book,
    0:34:30 what they’ll do is they’ll put a lot fewer words on a page because they want to increase the pacing.
    0:34:32 They want to make it feel like you’re just zipping through.
    0:34:33 It’s a page turner, right?
    0:34:38 So they’re going to want, you know, 50% fewer words on every page.
    0:34:42 So that kid picking up that book that’s a reluctant reader is like, wow, this one’s really fast.
    0:34:45 I don’t have space for that in my big fantasies.
    0:34:47 I push the limits of what can be bound.
    0:34:51 And beyond that, we’re not expecting you to read this book in one sitting.
    0:34:56 So we can put more on a page that makes it feel dense and thick and meaty,
    0:35:00 which can be really enjoyable if you want to dig into a new world and things like that.
    0:35:08 Just a quick thanks to one of our sponsors and we’ll be right back to the show.
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    0:36:34 Let’s hit some top-line habits from Brandon.
    0:36:39 How many words per year on average would you say you put down?
    0:36:43 My goal is 2,000 to 2,500 words a day.
    0:36:51 So, you know, whatever, 10 pages to 20 pages is what I’m looking at.
    0:36:52 Depends.
    0:36:58 I mean, I write in the old-school manuscript format where everything’s 12-pointed and courier.
    0:37:05 And it’s a holdover from the days when certain typesetting things are done that are too nerdy perhaps to talk about here.
    0:37:09 But I think in words, so I do 2,500.
    0:37:10 Those are new words.
    0:37:11 Those are new words.
    0:37:15 Now, when I’m doing revisions, I’m not writing new words.
    0:37:20 And I would say around a third of my time is spent on revisions depending on the year.
    0:37:21 And this is the thing.
    0:37:23 Some years, I’ll do a lot of words.
    0:37:25 Some years, I do a lot more revisions.
    0:37:26 It really depends.
    0:37:34 But if we’re looking at 2,000 words a week times 50 weeks, like that can produce quite a lot of words, right?
    0:37:38 20, so 10,000 words a week is what that would turn into.
    0:37:41 That’s 500,000 words a year, right?
    0:37:44 Is what I could theoretically produce.
    0:37:47 Now, third of my time is done to revisions.
    0:37:51 So, really, I’m looking at around 300,000 words.
    0:37:57 A Stormlight Archive book is 18 months of work for that reason and things like that.
    0:37:58 All right.
    0:38:01 We might come back to that and the revision process.
    0:38:08 But just as promised to hop back and forth between past and present tense, why did you want to become a writer?
    0:38:10 So, this is a fun story.
    0:38:20 I was not a writer or a reader when I was young, which is I found pretty odd for people who are published novelists.
    0:38:25 A lot of my friends, I’ll talk to them and be like, yeah, I published my first thing when I was two, right?
    0:38:32 I came out of the womb with a poem ready to go in my student newspaper and things like that.
    0:38:39 Me, I did read when I was very young and about fourth or fifth grade, I fell out of it.
    0:38:49 And this is the era where I lived in Nebraska and there were certain books that people just really like to read in Nebraska.
    0:38:56 And they usually involved young people on farms, sometimes living in the wilderness on their own, sometimes on a ranch.
    0:38:59 They had pet dogs and the pet dogs died.
    0:39:06 And I got like three of those in a row where I’m like, I don’t even have a dog, but I’m tired of the dog dying.
    0:39:09 I know what it’s like to be a kid.
    0:39:13 Like I don’t live on a farm, but my grandparents were all farmers, right?
    0:39:16 And I live behind a farm.
    0:39:27 I was in Lincoln. It’s mostly urban, but mostly urban in that Midwest way where you’re in the capital city in a brand new kind of high cost development.
    0:39:30 But there’s a cornfield in your backyard. That’s just Nebraska, right?
    0:39:32 That’s just how we roll.
    0:39:34 And so I knew all of that.
    0:39:36 I was not interested in it.
    0:39:38 And so I fell out of reading.
    0:39:39 Eighth grade rolls around.
    0:39:40 I have a teacher, Ms. Reader.
    0:39:41 She doesn’t remember me.
    0:39:42 Ms. Reader.
    0:39:43 Ms. Reader.
    0:39:44 How appropriate.
    0:39:45 Yeah, Ms. Reader.
    0:39:47 She wanted to be a professor at UC Irvine.
    0:39:55 So if anyone had a professor reader at UC Irvine, this was the same person, but Ms. Reader, she was my eighth grade English teacher.
    0:40:00 And I probably shouldn’t admit this, but I cheated on a book report with her.
    0:40:06 If you’re a smart kid, you realized that the back of the book, even before the internet, basically tells you the entire plot.
    0:40:10 And then you can read the last chapter and you’ll know the whole plot of the book.
    0:40:13 So it’s like book report, write a summary and why you liked it.
    0:40:16 And I read the back of the book, the last chapter and turned it in.
    0:40:19 And I made some mistakes and she picked me out.
    0:40:21 She sat me down and she was actually very good.
    0:40:24 She’s like, something’s not clicking with you with books.
    0:40:26 And I’m like, no, they really aren’t.
    0:40:32 She’s like, so for your next book report, I just want you to read one of these books on my rack here.
    0:40:35 These are my favorite books that I have for kids to read.
    0:40:38 I just want you to actually read it and you can talk to me about it.
    0:40:40 And I kind of, I don’t like books.
    0:40:42 She’s like, well, just try something different.
    0:40:48 So I went to the rack and I always joke it’s like, you can tell the paperbacks have been read by a hundred students, right?
    0:40:51 They got spaghetti stains on them and things like that.
    0:40:57 It’s just, and I looked leaf through and I arrived on this book called “Dragon Spain” by Barbara Hamley.
    0:41:00 And it really was the cover, cover illustrator is Michael Whalen.
    0:41:05 I would eventually, he’s the illustrator who did the “Away of Kings” in the Stormlight Archive for me.
    0:41:06 I eventually got him.
    0:41:08 He just retired.
    0:41:09 He did.
    0:41:13 The last cover was the fifth book of the Stormlight Archive and he’s retired, but he’s done that before.
    0:41:14 So he might be back.
    0:41:22 He pulls a Miyazaki sometimes and pops in and out or a Michael Jordan, depending on the field you’re talking about.
    0:41:29 But regardless, I picked up this book and, you know, it had cool dragon on the cover.
    0:41:31 It was all misty and kind of awesome looking.
    0:41:33 It had a cute girl on the cover.
    0:41:36 It’s like, “Hey, I’m 14. Maybe this will work.”
    0:41:37 And I take this book.
    0:41:40 Now, this book should not have worked.
    0:41:42 This book absolutely should not have.
    0:41:44 Like, what do you want to give a reluctant reader?
    0:41:50 You usually want to give them a book about someone their age, usually very similar to them.
    0:41:54 A reluctant reader, if it’s a young man, you hand him Harry Potter, right?
    0:41:58 This is a book about a middle-aged woman going through a midlife crisis.
    0:42:04 The story is that there’s a dragon who’s come to, you know, destroy the kingdom.
    0:42:08 The last living person who’s killed a dragon is this guy and they go hunting him.
    0:42:12 And he lives up in the north because he’s now middle-aged with a family.
    0:42:15 And he’s like, “I killed a dragon when I was in my 20s.
    0:42:17 I don’t do that anymore.
    0:42:18 I’m an old dude now.”
    0:42:20 And they’re like, “You’re the only one who’s ever done it.”
    0:42:24 And so he goes to his wife and he’s like, “I guess I got to go kill this dragon.
    0:42:25 We got to figure out how to do this.”
    0:42:29 And it’s told from her perspective as they go down and try to figure out how to kill a dragon
    0:42:33 as middle-aged people and be smart about it rather than charging you with a sword.
    0:42:40 And her story is she has been told by her teacher she could be the greatest wizard ever.
    0:42:42 She’s got a raw natural talent.
    0:42:47 But she has divided her time between studying and having a family.
    0:42:51 And her teacher’s like, “You really should give up that family stuff.
    0:42:54 Just really focus on your magic.”
    0:42:56 But you know, this is her crisis.
    0:43:00 And through going down, she kind of learns about the dragon magic
    0:43:04 and she starts to get really into that and not to give spoilers,
    0:43:09 but there’s an opportunity for her to just go and become what she’d always dreamed.
    0:43:13 And her crisis is, “Do I go do this right now or do I not?”
    0:43:15 And I’m reading this book and it’s really cool.
    0:43:16 It’s inventive.
    0:43:23 And I realize at some point, my mother, she graduated first in her class
    0:43:28 in accounting in a year where she was the only woman in most of her accounting classes, right?
    0:43:34 She had been offered a really prestigious scholarship to go get her CPA.
    0:43:36 And she had decided not to.
    0:43:41 She decided that she wanted to be home with young kids when she had young kids,
    0:43:45 which I do not think is a decision anyone should make for you,
    0:43:47 but it’s a decision she made for herself.
    0:43:51 She later, after having kids, went on and had a really great career as an accountant,
    0:43:57 but she gave up some really important things that as I’m reading this book,
    0:43:59 I had always heard these stories.
    0:44:00 You know, she would tell them.
    0:44:02 She wants us to know that she…
    0:44:05 And I always thought, “Of course you did, mom.
    0:44:06 Look at me.
    0:44:08 I’m great.
    0:44:10 This is what you should have done.”
    0:44:13 I’m reading this book and I’m like, “Ditch the kids.
    0:44:14 Go be a wizard.
    0:44:16 Wizarding is awesome.
    0:44:18 The kids will get along.
    0:44:19 They’ll figure it out.”
    0:44:22 And I get done with this book.
    0:44:27 And on one hand, it’s kind of a silly book about wizards and dragons, right?
    0:44:31 And I get done with this book and I understand my mom better.
    0:44:36 And this book built empathy in me for someone that, you know,
    0:44:38 I’m a 14-year-old boy.
    0:44:42 I’m understanding a middle-aged woman in ways I’d never been able to before
    0:44:44 and I’d had fun while doing it.
    0:44:46 And there was a magic to that.
    0:44:50 And I don’t use that word lightly as a storyteller, as a writer of fantasy.
    0:44:55 There was a magic to that author being able to convey a life experience
    0:44:59 of someone that just entered my brain and has never left.
    0:45:03 And I said, “Just like if you went and saw a magic trick,
    0:45:05 you’re an analytical person.
    0:45:07 You probably want to say, ‘How did they do it?
    0:45:09 How did they vanish that thing?
    0:45:11 What type of mirrors did they use?’
    0:45:14 I read this and said, ‘I need to know how this is done.
    0:45:15 I have to know.’
    0:45:17 And I just started reading voraciously.
    0:45:19 I went to the card catalog because I’m old.
    0:45:21 I’m even older than you.
    0:45:22 Oh, I remember those card catalogs.
    0:45:23 Yeah.
    0:45:26 And I went and got the next book in line, just alphabetical,
    0:45:27 because it started with dragon.
    0:45:28 And I read everything.
    0:45:32 It had dragons in it in the school library just to figure it out.
    0:45:35 And, you know, something changed in me that day.
    0:45:38 I went from a C student to an A student over summer.
    0:45:41 C’s in eighth grade, A’s in ninth grade.
    0:45:43 Why that changed?
    0:45:46 Because I discovered stories about wizards.
    0:45:49 I discovered there was something I wanted to do, right?
    0:45:52 There was now a reason to get good grades.
    0:45:57 I was in Nebraska and UNL is good for some things.
    0:46:00 I later learned that it actually has a decent writing program,
    0:46:06 but I wanted a good education and I wanted to go to BYU
    0:46:07 where my parents had gone.
    0:46:10 And I realized I probably wouldn’t get into BYU.
    0:46:13 Because the private school, you do have to have, you know,
    0:46:17 better grades than C’s generally to make it into some of these schools.
    0:46:19 And so suddenly I had a reason.
    0:46:21 Like, well, I want to go to a better school.
    0:46:22 Again, I was dumb.
    0:46:24 UNL is actually a really good school.
    0:46:27 But as a kid, I’m like, I need to get into this school.
    0:46:29 And so my grades went up.
    0:46:30 Like, I need to be a writer.
    0:46:31 I need a degree.
    0:46:32 I need to learn about this.
    0:46:34 Therefore, I’m going to have to go to college.
    0:46:36 Therefore, I’m going to have to learn to learn,
    0:46:38 because otherwise I won’t figure out how to do this.
    0:46:42 And having a purpose, having a reason to do well,
    0:46:44 changed my entire outlook.
    0:46:47 And I was not Valovictorian.
    0:46:49 I was one grade off of it,
    0:46:51 because I took a semester and moved to France
    0:46:53 that tanked my grades.
    0:46:55 It wasn’t a full semester, about half a semester.
    0:46:58 But I never caught up on all the stuff that I needed to do.
    0:47:00 So I got a B+ in one class.
    0:47:01 But it was totally worth it.
    0:47:02 Go live in France.
    0:47:04 How did you decide to go to France?
    0:47:09 I took four years of French, and my teacher in French
    0:47:12 was the best teacher I had, Ms. Dress.
    0:47:14 And when you have good teachers,
    0:47:17 it changes your passion for a class, right?
    0:47:18 Completely.
    0:47:20 You know, I wouldn’t have picked French as my favorite subject,
    0:47:22 but it was my favorite class.
    0:47:24 And so I had three years of that.
    0:47:27 And she said, hey, I’m taking a study abroad to Paris.
    0:47:30 You’re going to have to miss half a semester.
    0:47:31 You’ll have to do makeup work,
    0:47:34 but we’ll live in Paris and go visit all the sites
    0:47:35 and go to all the museums.
    0:47:36 And I’m like, I am in.
    0:47:39 You’re so passionate about your trips to Paris.
    0:47:40 And it was so wonderful.
    0:47:42 Like, stayed with a host family,
    0:47:46 and then did day trips to just places around Paris.
    0:47:49 Went to, you know, Givarni and Versailles,
    0:47:53 and saw everything and museums every day,
    0:47:56 and bad grades and math.
    0:47:58 Sounds like a good trade in terms of the B.
    0:48:00 Yes, it was absolutely a good trade.
    0:48:03 It’s so parallel to what happened to me with Mr. Shimano
    0:48:06 in the high school when I transferred schools,
    0:48:09 ended up taking Japanese, had no plans to go to Japan,
    0:48:11 and then six months in, he didn’t go with me,
    0:48:14 but that’s how the study abroad came about,
    0:48:16 and completely changed everything.
    0:48:19 But I spent the next few summers catching up with summer school
    0:48:21 because none of the grades transferred.
    0:48:22 I love Japan.
    0:48:25 I’ve only been once, but it was just delightful.
    0:48:28 Just walking around Tokyo is such a surreal
    0:48:30 and interesting experience.
    0:48:33 Yeah, I tell people it’s like 30% Blade Runner
    0:48:35 and 70% DMV.
    0:48:37 Like, if you live in Japan, it’s just like,
    0:48:39 I have to do another carbon copy.
    0:48:41 Like, when then we have to fax, what is this?
    0:48:42 Why?
    0:48:44 Yeah, my few of my friends have moved
    0:48:47 and have since confirmed that that is their experience.
    0:48:51 So, I’m focusing on, had been focusing,
    0:48:53 and I’m going to come back to the class
    0:48:57 because you’ve thought about writing very deeply,
    0:49:00 and it’s basically a filtering function
    0:49:04 for ferreting out some of the key ingredients
    0:49:06 as you see them in your writing process.
    0:49:09 You mentioned narrative and how,
    0:49:12 from a positioning perspective, people think of you
    0:49:13 and it’s very helpful.
    0:49:15 It’s also valid in some ways as a world builder,
    0:49:17 but that first and foremost, it’s like,
    0:49:19 it’s world building in service of a narrative,
    0:49:21 not the other way around.
    0:49:23 How do you teach narrative?
    0:49:24 Are there particular books?
    0:49:26 Is it like a three act play?
    0:49:27 Is it the hero’s journey?
    0:49:29 What are we talking about?
    0:49:33 So, I do two lectures on narrative,
    0:49:36 and generally the first day I do not talk about hero’s journey
    0:49:39 or three act structure or any of these things.
    0:49:40 That’s for the second week,
    0:49:44 because I do my classes one giant lecture each week,
    0:49:45 followed by a workshop.
    0:49:46 Are these available anywhere?
    0:49:47 Yeah, they’re on YouTube.
    0:49:48 Amazing.
    0:49:49 Yeah, you can watch the,
    0:49:50 we’re doing new ones this year.
    0:49:52 So, you can go watch these two lectures
    0:49:53 that I’m talking about.
    0:49:59 The first one, I just talk about the theory of plot.
    0:50:01 What makes someone turn a page?
    0:50:03 Why does someone start at page one
    0:50:05 and then end?
    0:50:07 What is a page turner?
    0:50:12 And my theory on this is it is a sense of progress.
    0:50:16 We like to see things count up as human beings,
    0:50:20 and the great plots are doing this beneath the hood.
    0:50:24 They are showing incremental slow progress forward,
    0:50:25 sometimes backwards,
    0:50:28 sometimes a little of each, toward a goal.
    0:50:33 And the idea for plot is to identify what type of plot it is.
    0:50:35 If you’re doing a mystery,
    0:50:39 then that progress is going to be in the form of information.
    0:50:42 The story starts without the characters without the information,
    0:50:44 the reader without the information, generally,
    0:50:47 and ends with them gaining the information.
    0:50:50 And so, the story, the progress,
    0:50:53 is all about these little bits of information
    0:50:55 that you get through the story.
    0:50:58 And at its fundamental, this does some fun things.
    0:51:00 For instance, buddy cop movies and romances
    0:51:03 have the same sort of fundamental structure,
    0:51:06 which is it’s about a relationship between two people
    0:51:08 where slowly you are finding out
    0:51:10 that they work better together than apart.
    0:51:14 And so, your progress is seeing how they rub each other wrong,
    0:51:18 and then how Dave, my own teacher, talked about braiding roses.
    0:51:22 How if the thorns are pointed outward for these characters,
    0:51:24 rather than pointed inward,
    0:51:26 they become a defensive bulwark for one another.
    0:51:27 What does that mean?
    0:51:28 Braided roses.
    0:51:29 Yeah, oh, I see.
    0:51:30 So, it’s sort of us against the world.
    0:51:31 Us against the world.
    0:51:33 If you take two roses and you don’t braid them,
    0:51:35 you stick them together, they poke each other.
    0:51:37 But if you braid them really well,
    0:51:40 then all the thorns point outward,
    0:51:43 and these two roses suddenly become stronger together
    0:51:44 than they were apart.
    0:51:45 That’s a very cool imagery.
    0:51:47 Yeah, again, stole that one from Dave.
    0:51:50 And so, the idea for a character plot
    0:51:51 is you are braiding the roses.
    0:51:54 And over time, you’re seeing that those points.
    0:51:56 Number one, you see how dangerous
    0:51:57 they are poking into each other.
    0:52:00 But then you see how pointed outward,
    0:52:02 these people actually work better.
    0:52:05 And kind of the holes, the places where one doesn’t have a thorn
    0:52:08 and can get hit, another one’s thorn protects,
    0:52:09 and things like that.
    0:52:11 And over the course of the story,
    0:52:13 you see that rose get braided to the point
    0:52:16 that you are saying you guys are so much better together
    0:52:18 than apart, you need to be together.
    0:52:21 And then when they either hook up or become partners,
    0:52:23 again, same story structure,
    0:52:25 then you stand up and you cheer.
    0:52:29 So, the idea is it is promise.
    0:52:30 You promise at the start.
    0:52:32 In a romance novel, you show two people apart.
    0:52:34 You show what their thorns are.
    0:52:36 You promise just by featuring them
    0:52:38 that they’re gonna get together.
    0:52:40 Buddy cop movie, here’s this cop.
    0:52:42 He works alone, but he has, you know,
    0:52:44 there’s a problem.
    0:52:45 There’s something that’s hurting.
    0:52:46 And here’s this other cop.
    0:52:48 He’s gonna retire soon, but, you know,
    0:52:50 he’s missing something in his life.
    0:52:53 And then you slowly, that’s your promise.
    0:52:56 Your progress is showing them work well together.
    0:52:59 And then your payoff is the moment at the end
    0:53:03 where all that work you’ve put into it comes to fruition
    0:53:07 as they hook up or in certain stories, they don’t.
    0:53:11 You can be either way, but promise, progress, payoff,
    0:53:14 that is what makes people love stories
    0:53:18 and read through on a kind of macro scale.
    0:53:21 Getting through an individual chapter is something different.
    0:53:23 But on a macro scale, that is plot.
    0:53:25 And that is, you know, I talk about on the first day,
    0:53:27 this idea of how to do that,
    0:53:31 how to have twists that are actually fulfilling promises.
    0:53:33 And that one’s fun.
    0:53:37 The best twists don’t just surprise the reader.
    0:53:39 A complication should surprise the reader,
    0:53:43 but a twist should be surprising yet inevitable.
    0:53:46 And if you do it right, people are wanting that twist
    0:53:49 before they realize it happens and then it does.
    0:53:50 And that is day one.
    0:53:52 Then day two is, I’m like, all right,
    0:53:54 here are some structures that people have used.
    0:53:55 Here’s your toolbox.
    0:53:57 Some people use the hero’s journey.
    0:53:59 Here’s what the hero’s journey is in brief.
    0:54:00 Here is what it’s good for.
    0:54:02 Here are some things to watch out for
    0:54:05 because the hero’s journey can steer you wrong sometimes.
    0:54:06 Here’s three act format.
    0:54:07 Here’s what it’s good at.
    0:54:10 Here’s maybe some foibles of three act format.
    0:54:12 Here’s Robert Jordan’s method,
    0:54:14 which he called points on the map.
    0:54:17 Here’s how a lot of screwball comedy is written.
    0:54:19 It’s called yes, but no and.
    0:54:22 All of these different tools I try to talk about
    0:54:24 and say, and there’s a ton more.
    0:54:26 There’s nine point story structure.
    0:54:28 There’s seven point story structure or whatever.
    0:54:30 But the idea is here’s some things to try,
    0:54:33 but keep in mind promise, progress, payoff.
    0:54:36 And I feel like that gives sort of an overview
    0:54:38 of how to build narrative.
    0:54:40 Are there any, in addition to your classes, of course,
    0:54:42 and we’ll link to those in the show notes,
    0:54:46 are there any books or resources that you encourage people
    0:54:49 to read to get a better understanding of narrative
    0:54:51 or these different forms of narrative?
    0:54:55 And what came to my mind, even though it’s not directed
    0:54:58 at potential novelists, is a book called Save the Cat
    0:55:01 Goes to the Movies that examines different genres
    0:55:02 within screenwriting.
    0:55:04 Okay, that’s not the original Save the Cat.
    0:55:05 No, it’s not.
    0:55:06 That’s the new one.
    0:55:07 So I do recommend Save the Cat,
    0:55:09 but Save the Cat goes to the movies.
    0:55:10 I haven’t read that, that sounds good.
    0:55:11 It’s fun.
    0:55:12 Yeah, the first one’s also excellent.
    0:55:13 I mean, I enjoyed it.
    0:55:15 Yeah, so Save the Cat is kind of,
    0:55:18 it’s a really good leaping off point.
    0:55:20 And if you want the opposite of Save the Cat,
    0:55:23 on writing by Stephen King is a leaping off point
    0:55:25 in Save the Cat’s about structure
    0:55:29 and on writing’s about the life of a writer and not structure.
    0:55:32 And those will give you kind of two of the kind of,
    0:55:35 yeah, different viewpoints on storytelling,
    0:55:37 and they’re both very good.
    0:55:40 My agent always recommends writing to sell by Scott Meredith.
    0:55:44 I find it a little too structure-focused.
    0:55:46 There is art to writing.
    0:55:50 And the dirty secret of outlining is you’re still going to have
    0:55:52 to learn to garden.
    0:55:54 Because yeah, you’ll have these points in the outline,
    0:55:56 but then when you sit down to write them,
    0:55:58 you’re a gardener getting between these two points
    0:55:59 in the outline.
    0:56:01 And so both skills are really important.
    0:56:04 But Scott Meredith, I did read that and like it quite a bit.
    0:56:11 So where do you fall in general or now between the gardening
    0:56:13 or gardener and architect?
    0:56:15 Yeah, so I’ve tried all the tools.
    0:56:18 I have a middle grade series called Alcatraz vs. the Evil Librarians,
    0:56:20 which are pure garden.
    0:56:22 I actually use a method a little like,
    0:56:24 do you know the old show?
    0:56:25 Whose line is it anyway?
    0:56:26 Sure.
    0:56:27 I pull a bunch of ideas.
    0:56:29 I brainstorm a bunch of random ideas.
    0:56:31 And then I say, I’ve got to use all of these.
    0:56:32 Go.
    0:56:34 And I write a story without an outline.
    0:56:36 That’s to practice the tool.
    0:56:42 And I generally fall these days on a 75% outline sort of thing.
    0:56:44 I do a lot of work building on my plot,
    0:56:47 and I do a lot of building on my setting.
    0:56:50 And then I write my way into characters.
    0:56:54 One of the big dangers of outlining too much is characters
    0:56:57 that feel wooden or cardboard because they’re there
    0:57:00 merely to get you between point A and point B.
    0:57:03 And then, you know, from point B to point C on your outline.
    0:57:07 And if you have characters that your early readers like these
    0:57:10 feel a little wooden, it might be because instead of going
    0:57:12 according to the character’s motivations,
    0:57:14 you’re just going according to the outline.
    0:57:17 And I find that if I let myself write my way into character
    0:57:19 and then rebuild my outline.
    0:57:22 By going to character, by that you mean you’re creating
    0:57:24 the setting, the environment.
    0:57:25 And the plot.
    0:57:26 And the plot.
    0:57:29 But then I rewrite the plot once I know the character.
    0:57:30 Here’s my process.
    0:57:36 So I start usually with a couple of really good ideas, right?
    0:57:39 I usually want to have multiple interesting ideas
    0:57:42 for my setting, at least one hook for each character.
    0:57:43 If not more.
    0:57:45 Could you give an example of this starting?
    0:57:46 Yeah.
    0:57:49 So let’s, I’ll build it from one of my books, Mistborn, right?
    0:57:50 Right.
    0:57:52 So Mistborn had a series of ideas.
    0:57:55 The first idea came, I was reading Harry Potter
    0:57:57 back in the Harry Potter boom.
    0:58:00 And I thought, man, these Dark Lords never get a break.
    0:58:01 Right?
    0:58:04 Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter, Wheel of Time.
    0:58:07 There’s this Dark Lord and what happens is like
    0:58:11 some furry-footed British kid throws their ring in a hole
    0:58:13 and their entire empire collapses.
    0:58:15 Or, you know, there’s a kid you’re going to kill
    0:58:17 and the power of a mother’s love protects him.
    0:58:20 How can you plan for the power of a mother’s love
    0:58:21 when you’re a Dark Lord?
    0:58:23 That’s just a complete oddball.
    0:58:25 And I think they never get a break.
    0:58:27 What if the Dark Lord won?
    0:58:30 What if Frodo got to the end of Lord of the Rings with the ring
    0:58:32 and Sauron was there, he’s like,
    0:58:35 “My ring, you know how long I’ve been looking for that?
    0:58:36 Thank you so much for it.
    0:58:39 That must have been a hard journey bringing that all the way here.
    0:58:40 Thank you.”
    0:58:42 And then killed him and took over the world, right?
    0:58:43 What if?
    0:58:46 And I thought, “That’s a downer of a book.”
    0:58:48 I don’t know that I want to write a book
    0:58:50 about the traditional hero’s journey
    0:58:51 that ends with the Dark Lord winning,
    0:58:53 but it went in the back of the head, right?
    0:58:58 And then I have a deep and abiding love of the heist genre.
    0:59:00 You know, Sneakers is one of my favorite films of all time.
    0:59:02 Oldy but goody, The Sting,
    0:59:05 all the way up to kind of, you know, the Ocean’s Elevens
    0:59:08 and the Italian job, both the old one and the new one,
    0:59:12 just the inception, you do a good heist, you can get me.
    0:59:15 And as a writer, some of your light bulb moments
    0:59:18 are when you’re like, “Hey, I love this thing
    0:59:20 and I’ve never written about it.”
    0:59:24 And that’s gold when you feel like you’ve covered everything
    0:59:27 and then you realize there’s some area of passion and love
    0:59:29 that you haven’t tapped at all.
    0:59:31 I’m like, “I need to do a fantasy heist.”
    0:59:34 What if I did a heist where every member of this heist crew
    0:59:37 had a magical talent and they all combined together?
    0:59:39 I’m like, “Nobody’s done this.”
    0:59:41 It was really kind of a big deal to me
    0:59:43 when I realized no one had done this because as a writer,
    0:59:46 you’re always looking for the things that no one has done it.
    0:59:48 The truth is, everyone’s done everything.
    0:59:50 But when you find something, you’re like,
    0:59:53 “I can’t think of a major story that has done
    0:59:56 a full-on heist in fantasy.”
    0:59:57 I was super excited.
    1:00:01 Then I realized, “Fantasy heist, Dark Lord One,
    1:00:06 team of thieves, Rob the Dark Lord, I have a plot.”
    1:00:09 That’s my inception.
    1:00:14 Meanwhile, I want a good idea for each character.
    1:00:16 Mistborn’s about two characters.
    1:00:20 One is about Kelsier, who is my concept for him for myself,
    1:00:24 was the gentleman thief who lived his life conning people,
    1:00:28 kind of small-time cons but living among upper society
    1:00:31 where he liked to do, that something went horribly wrong
    1:00:33 and he found out he’s like,
    1:00:35 “I haven’t been making the world a better place.
    1:00:37 I haven’t been helping anyone.
    1:00:40 I’ve just been coasting on my charm
    1:00:43 and has a crisis of conscience on,
    1:00:46 should I be actually using this to do something?”
    1:00:49 What happens is his wife is killed,
    1:00:53 his heist goes wrong, and he decides he wants revenge
    1:00:55 and he’s going to do it by robbing the Dark Lord.
    1:00:57 That’s my concept for him.
    1:01:01 My concept for Vin, who’s the other main character,
    1:01:04 is this idea of a young woman who lives in this world
    1:01:06 with a magical talent and doesn’t know it.
    1:01:08 I’m looking for a conflict, right?
    1:01:12 For her, her conflict is she’s managed to remain a good person
    1:01:15 but she’s lost her belief that anyone else is good.
    1:01:17 She gets betrayed in some ways.
    1:01:21 It just makes her give up on kind of humanity in general.
    1:01:23 And the idea is putting them two together.
    1:01:27 Kelsier, who still kind of has this deep and abiding optimism.
    1:01:29 He’s like, “I’m going to do something good.”
    1:01:30 He’s learned optimism, right?
    1:01:32 He’s learned, “I need to do something good with my life.”
    1:01:34 And he’s by force in her who’s lost it.
    1:01:36 And she becomes the apprentice to him
    1:01:38 as he recruits her into the team
    1:01:41 and this idea of a heist where these two people are growing.
    1:01:43 Can I ask a question?
    1:01:46 Not to interrupt, but did you have all of this
    1:01:50 before you put pen to paper, metaphorically speaking, to write?
    1:01:52 Yes, this much I had.
    1:01:54 And in what form does that exist?
    1:01:57 So it exists for me generally in…
    1:01:59 I do a new document that says,
    1:02:03 “Does setting stop, then character, then plot?”
    1:02:07 And the setting will have, you know, some of the Dark Lord one,
    1:02:08 that’s setting stuff, right?
    1:02:10 What does a world look like where the Dark Lord is one
    1:02:12 and ruled for a thousand years?
    1:02:14 In my books, I like to have an interesting use of magic.
    1:02:16 We can talk about that at some point.
    1:02:17 Oh yeah, we will.
    1:02:19 But what is the interesting use of magic?
    1:02:20 That’s how I got into writing excuses.
    1:02:21 Yeah, is it?
    1:02:22 Yeah.
    1:02:24 How do I walk the line between nerding out
    1:02:26 and making it feel like approachable?
    1:02:29 Because I don’t want my books to read like an encyclopedia entry
    1:02:30 or a video game, right?
    1:02:33 I want it to read like a new branch of science
    1:02:35 that’s really fun.
    1:02:37 And then character, I’ll have these things.
    1:02:40 And so with the character, you’ll notice these are seeds.
    1:02:42 Vin is like this, Kelsea is like this.
    1:02:45 I don’t know yet how their interaction is going to go
    1:02:46 and how they’re going to be.
    1:02:50 In fact, I wrote three chapters with Vin first,
    1:02:52 three different first chapters,
    1:02:53 trying different personalities.
    1:02:55 I started her with an artful dodger type,
    1:02:57 really confident, moving in the underworld,
    1:02:59 ripping people off, and it just did not work.
    1:03:01 And then I tried another one.
    1:03:02 I can’t even remember what that one was.
    1:03:03 But then I tried a third one,
    1:03:05 which is the personality she ended up with.
    1:03:07 Kelsea, I kind of had right from the get-go.
    1:03:08 All right.
    1:03:10 It’s my job to interrupt, so I’ll do it again.
    1:03:12 How did you know this first two didn’t work?
    1:03:14 This is where it’s an art.
    1:03:15 Is it just like a water feel?
    1:03:16 Yeah.
    1:03:17 Kind of thing that you’ve acquired over time?
    1:03:18 This is art and not science.
    1:03:21 It just, and sometimes it doesn’t work
    1:03:23 and you don’t figure it out till late.
    1:03:25 Like my most famous series,
    1:03:27 they’re probably Mistborn in the Stormlight Archive
    1:03:29 or About Tide for most famous.
    1:03:32 Stormlight, I wrote an entire novel,
    1:03:34 like 300,000 words long,
    1:03:36 with the character having the wrong personality
    1:03:37 the entire time.
    1:03:39 And it was only at the end that I’m like,
    1:03:40 “This is just wrong.”
    1:03:42 And I threw the book away,
    1:03:44 wrote it again eight years later
    1:03:46 with a different personality and it worked.
    1:03:50 But in order to have the characters live and breathe
    1:03:52 and feel like real people,
    1:03:54 I feel like I need to give them that volition,
    1:03:56 which is kind of destructive
    1:04:00 for all that narrative structure I’ve come up with.
    1:04:03 But that’s good because having that structure
    1:04:04 and then saying,
    1:04:06 “All right, now that I know what this person would do,
    1:04:09 how does that influence how they would actually approach
    1:04:10 this structure?
    1:04:11 And I’ll go and I’ll change that.”
    1:04:13 And knowing about, you know,
    1:04:15 promise, progress, payoff,
    1:04:18 which I couldn’t have named for you back in 2004
    1:04:19 when I was writing Mistborn,
    1:04:22 but I kind of understood intrinsically.
    1:04:25 I could tweak to the character personalities as I went
    1:04:27 so that I was making sure
    1:04:30 that these things were threading the needles, so to speak,
    1:04:32 where you’ve got this character.
    1:04:33 You need them to go through this plot,
    1:04:36 but you need to make sure they feel like they’re a real person
    1:04:39 so you can’t hold them to any one point,
    1:04:42 but you can make it come together, hopefully.
    1:04:44 So I want to come back to Stormlight for a second
    1:04:46 because this struck me that
    1:04:53 you have the ability to put things on the back burner
    1:04:57 or scrap and effectively start from scratch,
    1:05:02 restart something that you’ve put a lot of some cost into.
    1:05:06 And that is hard for most people.
    1:05:10 So I’m wondering, say, in the case of this character
    1:05:12 with the wrong personality,
    1:05:16 that you really conclude at 300,000 words or so,
    1:05:18 it’s not working the way I want it to work.
    1:05:22 What is the inner monologue
    1:05:25 that you have to get to the point where you’re like,
    1:05:27 “Park it,” particularly,
    1:05:30 I mean, we don’t need to get maybe into this aspect of it.
    1:05:31 When you have external pressures,
    1:05:33 maybe you’ve applied pressure to yourself,
    1:05:34 maybe you have deadlines in mind,
    1:05:37 how do you get to that point?
    1:05:39 What is your internal process for that?
    1:05:43 You know, it’s happened to me three major times
    1:05:44 where I’ve done it.
    1:05:47 And of those, only one did I ever come back to,
    1:05:50 two of them I parked and have laid fallow.
    1:05:53 One important mindset is kind of a ground rule,
    1:05:56 is remembering as a writer
    1:06:01 that the piece of art is not necessarily
    1:06:03 just the story you’re creating,
    1:06:05 that you are the piece of art.
    1:06:10 The time you spend writing is improving you as a writer,
    1:06:13 and that is the most important thing.
    1:06:16 The book is almost a side product, not really,
    1:06:19 but it almost is to the fact that you are becoming,
    1:06:20 you are the art.
    1:06:23 And if you know that, it helps a lot.
    1:06:25 One of the things that prose do
    1:06:28 that amateurs have trouble with in writing
    1:06:32 is prose throwaway chapters a lot in my experience.
    1:06:36 You write it and you get done with the chapter
    1:06:38 and you’re like, “That just did not work.”
    1:06:41 I’m going to toss that and start over the next day.
    1:06:44 Amateurs have a lot of trouble with this in my experience.
    1:06:46 There’s a lot of causes of writer’s block,
    1:06:48 but one of the main ones I’m convinced
    1:06:51 is that you’re writing the chapter wrong,
    1:06:53 you have enough instincts as a writer
    1:06:55 because you’ve practiced long enough to know
    1:06:56 you should throw it away,
    1:06:58 but you don’t want to because you did the work,
    1:07:01 but your instincts won’t let you continue doing it wrong
    1:07:05 and you’re not willing to toss it and try over.
    1:07:08 And so there is that.
    1:07:10 What happens with a whole book?
    1:07:12 You get done with the whole book
    1:07:14 and one of a couple of things happen.
    1:07:16 With two of the three of these books,
    1:07:17 I get done and I’m like,
    1:07:21 “That just doesn’t give me the shine, the feel,
    1:07:25 the feel of excitement that I want this book to have.
    1:07:27 There’s something fundamentally wrong with it.”
    1:07:31 And I’m sometimes not even sure what it is for a while.
    1:07:34 When I put aside the Way of Kings, the 2002 version,
    1:07:36 we call it Way of Kings Prime,
    1:07:37 I put it aside and said,
    1:07:39 “I don’t know why this went wrong.”
    1:07:40 It was actually two things.
    1:07:43 It wasn’t just having Caledon have the wrong personality.
    1:07:45 It was that I went into this book,
    1:07:47 wanted to write a giant epic,
    1:07:50 while reading The Wheel of Time,
    1:07:52 which was one of my favorite book series at the time,
    1:07:55 was before I had taken it over.
    1:07:57 This was five years before I would get that call.
    1:07:58 Which is a wild story.
    1:08:00 Yeah, it is a wild story.
    1:08:03 Game of Thrones was huge at the time
    1:08:05 and I’ve been studying Game of Thrones and I’m like,
    1:08:07 “I want to write something like this.”
    1:08:11 And so I started with a huge cast up front,
    1:08:14 not recognizing that both of those examples I gave,
    1:08:17 started with a cast who was relatively small,
    1:08:19 that over the course of several books,
    1:08:23 grew into this complex web of different characters
    1:08:25 having different relationships.
    1:08:27 And it had this nice, odd-boarding.
    1:08:29 And so what I did is I wrote a book
    1:08:32 that was the beginning of like 10 characters’ stories,
    1:08:34 and didn’t get through any of them.
    1:08:36 It was too, oh, all over the place.
    1:08:38 And the other was I had the wrong personality.
    1:08:40 Something feels wrong and as an artist,
    1:08:42 I just say, I don’t know what this is yet,
    1:08:43 I put it aside.
    1:08:46 Once in a while it happens during Alpha and Beta Reads.
    1:08:48 I’m getting the wrong response.
    1:08:50 People are reading this book
    1:08:53 and they are thinking something completely opposite
    1:08:55 from what I wanted them to.
    1:08:58 The parts that I wanted them to enjoy, they’re bored by.
    1:09:00 Or the character I wanted them to click with,
    1:09:03 they’re just annoyed by and aren’t interested in.
    1:09:06 And you realize something is just wrong.
    1:09:09 Something is fundamentally wrong with this story.
    1:09:12 And I don’t want to release it until I know what that is.
    1:09:16 Sometimes you might figure that out and be able to fix it.
    1:09:19 Sometimes you might look at that and be like,
    1:09:21 “You know what, I don’t mind if people have this response.
    1:09:23 This is the piece of art and this piece of art
    1:09:25 is going to have this response
    1:09:27 from some percentage of the audience.”
    1:09:30 That’s maybe not a selling point,
    1:09:33 but it is part of the art.
    1:09:36 But with those three books, I put them aside.
    1:09:38 And with Way of Kings, I eventually figured out what it was.
    1:09:39 And I tried it again.
    1:09:41 The other two I haven’t gotten there yet.
    1:09:44 So let’s come back to habits
    1:09:47 and your schedule for writing.
    1:09:50 Do you still have two primary blocks of writing?
    1:09:56 And could you explain what your current schedule tends to look like?
    1:10:01 So I find that for what I do and where my personal psychology is,
    1:10:06 an eight-hour block is not sustainable for writing.
    1:10:09 This means I can do it for a week or two at eight hours,
    1:10:11 but it’s going to brain drain me.
    1:10:12 It’s going to exhaust me.
    1:10:16 I get done with eight hours and I am mentally worn out.
    1:10:20 I find that if I do two four-hour blocks instead,
    1:10:23 I never quite get there and it’s more sustainable.
    1:10:28 And so what I do is I will get up late.
    1:10:31 I get up at around noon or one.
    1:10:37 And I will go to the gym, which is different from me than other people.
    1:10:39 The gym is writing time for me.
    1:10:41 I’m not hitting it super hard.
    1:10:44 I am there to think through what I’m doing.
    1:10:46 Some motion moving your body.
    1:10:47 Number one, it’s good for you,
    1:10:49 but that’s a side effect for me too.
    1:10:51 I can put on music and I can move
    1:10:54 and I can think about what I’m going to write.
    1:10:59 Then I go and I work from two until six these days.
    1:11:00 It’s usually what I do.
    1:11:04 One until five, something like that.
    1:11:05 And then I’m done.
    1:11:07 I go, I shower at 6.30.
    1:11:09 I’m ready to hang with my family.
    1:11:14 And I’ll be with family from six until 6.30 to 10.30.
    1:11:16 Go out with my wife, hang with my kids,
    1:11:19 build some Legos, play some video games, whatever it is.
    1:11:21 I learned early in my career.
    1:11:23 One of the most important things I ever did
    1:11:28 was take that time and demarcate it as non-writing time.
    1:11:31 I found early in my marriage that writing,
    1:11:34 it will consume every moment possible.
    1:11:38 And I was always anxious to get back to the story.
    1:11:41 And as soon as I changed my brain and said,
    1:11:44 “No, no, no, no, even if your wife is away,
    1:11:46 6.30 to 10.30 can’t be writing time.”
    1:11:48 It is off limits.
    1:11:50 You have to do something else.
    1:11:55 Suddenly, it was a lot easier for me to be there for my family.
    1:11:57 And I think, I mean, you’ve interviewed
    1:12:00 a lot of highly productive, highly successful people.
    1:12:04 I think a lot of them are going to talk about the same thing,
    1:12:06 that it’s very hard to be there with people
    1:12:08 when you’re there with people.
    1:12:10 Sure, comes up a lot.
    1:12:13 Because your brain is always working on the next big thing.
    1:12:17 Yes, particularly true with people who work on big creative projects.
    1:12:19 Yeah, and that gave me this permission.
    1:12:22 It actually came the moment my wife,
    1:12:24 I went out to dinner with some writer friends.
    1:12:26 And afterward, I’m like, “That was such a great dinner.”
    1:12:30 And she’s like, “Yeah, but you didn’t look at me once.”
    1:12:32 And I realized she had become invisible to me
    1:12:34 because the writing was consuming all.
    1:12:36 And so, made that change.
    1:12:38 10.30, kids are supposed to go to bed.
    1:12:40 They’re older now, they just don’t.
    1:12:43 But sometime around there, they drift off.
    1:12:45 My wife goes to bed.
    1:12:47 She was a school teacher for many years.
    1:12:49 Still kind of keeps school teachers hours.
    1:12:51 And she is wonderful for getting up with the kids.
    1:12:54 I don’t have to do that and never have.
    1:12:56 And I go back to work at about 11.
    1:12:58 I write from 11 to 3.
    1:13:04 And then 3 to 4 or 5 is just whatever I want to do.
    1:13:06 That’s the real goof-off time.
    1:13:09 That’s to go play with my magic cards time.
    1:13:12 That’s the play a video game, pop out the Steam Deck time.
    1:13:18 And this schedule, you’ll notice I don’t have to worry about commuting,
    1:13:20 which gives me an advantage here,
    1:13:22 has been really sustainable for me.
    1:13:24 So that’s a home office predominantly?
    1:13:25 Yeah.
    1:13:26 Where you’re writing?
    1:13:27 I write from my home office.
    1:13:28 I do like to move around.
    1:13:29 I go in the gazebo.
    1:13:31 Lately, I’ve gone in the gazebo when it’s really cold.
    1:13:35 And I hire one of my kids to come put logs on a fire for me.
    1:13:37 And I sit by the fireplace.
    1:13:39 Sometimes I like to be on the beach.
    1:13:41 Sometimes I like when I’m around here,
    1:13:43 I like to be in different places.
    1:13:45 I can set up a hammock here or there.
    1:13:48 So with my laptop, I do not work at a desk.
    1:13:50 That’s really sustainable.
    1:13:52 It’s worked for me for the last 20 years.
    1:13:53 That’s incredible.
    1:13:57 I got all my best writing done really late at night when I was–
    1:13:59 I mean, still I’m writing.
    1:14:00 I’m working on a new book.
    1:14:02 But when I was working on my first few books especially,
    1:14:05 it was always when everyone else was asleep.
    1:14:08 Let’s talk about the non-home environment.
    1:14:11 We’re sitting in a quite a large building
    1:14:13 or at least a building with a lot of large rooms.
    1:14:14 Yes.
    1:14:18 Why do you have this company?
    1:14:20 Why have you and your wife built this company?
    1:14:21 All right.
    1:14:22 Because there are a lot of writers out there
    1:14:24 who just want to focus on writing.
    1:14:26 They go the traditional publishing route,
    1:14:30 which I’m not saying it’s a mutually exclusive choice.
    1:14:32 But why do you have all this?
    1:14:34 How long? How long do you want to go?
    1:14:35 This is the big one.
    1:14:38 This is a long form podcast that we have all the time we want.
    1:14:39 All right.
    1:14:40 So you’re right.
    1:14:45 Most writers want to sell a book and live that kind of dream
    1:14:48 you see presented in film and television,
    1:14:52 which is accurate to the top percentage of writers.
    1:14:56 Most writers you read about or see in film are the big ones.
    1:14:58 They’re doing really well.
    1:15:00 And so they’re off in a cabin telling their story.
    1:15:04 They’re the ones that have to be pried away from their easy chair
    1:15:07 to get them to even do any publicity whatsoever.
    1:15:11 They want to live that life that is the classic life of a writer.
    1:15:13 And there’s some of me that wants that.
    1:15:17 But the secret is I was raised by an accountant and a businessman.
    1:15:20 And particularly my mother, that accountant,
    1:15:24 she instilled into me some aspirations.
    1:15:27 And I call this my superpower.
    1:15:30 My superpower is to be an artist raised by an accountant.
    1:15:35 And I’ve always had a bit of that entrepreneurial sense.
    1:15:36 What were the aspirations?
    1:15:39 The aspirations, well, they started small.
    1:15:41 They started with, you know what,
    1:15:43 I want to be able to make a living from writing.
    1:15:48 Got back from Korea and said, all right,
    1:15:51 I am not very good at this writing thing,
    1:15:53 but I really, really love it.
    1:15:58 I could tell because when I spent time doing the writing,
    1:16:01 time didn’t matter anymore, right?
    1:16:03 I could spend hours doing this.
    1:16:06 And it’s the first thing I found other than reading or video games
    1:16:09 that I could spend hours doing and just come out of it
    1:16:11 feeling tired but fulfilled.
    1:16:14 And I’m like, I want to do this.
    1:16:17 So I sat down and I took what I’d learned,
    1:16:20 both kind of from my mother and kind of missions
    1:16:22 have kind of a regimented structure.
    1:16:24 And I said, I’m going to apply this all to writing.
    1:16:27 And I’m going to, I’m just going to start writing books.
    1:16:30 And I heard your first five books are generally terrible.
    1:16:31 I said, well, that’s good.
    1:16:33 I don’t have to be good yet.
    1:16:35 It took a lot of pressure off me.
    1:16:37 I said, I’m going to write six.
    1:16:40 And the first five I’m not going to send out to any publishers.
    1:16:41 Wow.
    1:16:42 Right?
    1:16:45 And that’s bad advice for someone, right?
    1:16:46 Yeah, wow.
    1:16:47 You didn’t even send them out.
    1:16:48 I didn’t send them out.
    1:16:51 It was just weight training in the gym for your mind
    1:16:52 for the number six.
    1:16:53 Yep.
    1:16:54 I didn’t send them out.
    1:16:58 I did eventually, I shared number five with some, some people.
    1:17:03 I got involved with the local science fiction magazine as an editor.
    1:17:05 I eventually took it over because that’s what I do.
    1:17:06 And I was head editor.
    1:17:09 And I eventually said, well, I do have a book.
    1:17:12 And I started sharing book five with people right around that time.
    1:17:14 You didn’t even have test readers.
    1:17:16 I didn’t have test readers.
    1:17:18 I just wrote the books.
    1:17:20 And again, this is why the advice can be bad.
    1:17:22 There’s some people out there that would be bad advice for.
    1:17:25 Pat Rothfuss published his first book and it’s brilliant.
    1:17:26 Name of the Wind.
    1:17:27 Name of the Wind.
    1:17:28 Yeah.
    1:17:29 That is a spectacular book.
    1:17:30 First novel.
    1:17:31 Now he did a ton of revisions on that.
    1:17:34 He spent as much time revising that book as I spent writing mine.
    1:17:38 But for me, the good advice was your first five books are terrible.
    1:17:39 Don’t stress.
    1:17:41 And so weight training for my mind.
    1:17:42 I wrote five books.
    1:17:43 And then I sat down.
    1:17:45 This was before you had an agent.
    1:17:46 Before I had an agent.
    1:17:47 Before I had anything.
    1:17:48 Before I even knew what an agent was.
    1:17:50 Before I’d taken Dave’s class.
    1:17:53 I took Dave’s class the year that I finished the launch.
    1:17:54 Which is book number six.
    1:17:56 I had just finished that one.
    1:17:58 And so I said, all right.
    1:17:59 Book six.
    1:18:00 That’s a launch.
    1:18:01 That’s the one I eventually ended up selling.
    1:18:03 Those five I’d written in different subgenres.
    1:18:05 I knew I like sci-fi fantasy.
    1:18:07 But the risk of being too nerdy.
    1:18:08 My subgenres.
    1:18:09 I did an epic fantasy.
    1:18:11 I did a comedic fantasy.
    1:18:14 A Terry Pratchett style sort of thing.
    1:18:15 I did a cyberpunk.
    1:18:16 I did a space opera.
    1:18:19 And then I wrote a sequel to my epic fantasy to kind of GB.
    1:18:21 Like, is this what I want to do?
    1:18:24 What characterizes an epic fantasy?
    1:18:25 So epic fantasy.
    1:18:32 Fantasy, in short, follows three main lines of descent.
    1:18:37 One line comes from what we call portal fantasies.
    1:18:43 And your kind of line of descent of that starts in the modern era with Alice in Wonderland.
    1:18:46 Goes to Narnia and Harry Potter is one of the more example.
    1:18:48 This is kids from our world get sucked into a fantasy world.
    1:18:49 And experience it.
    1:18:51 It’s usually a young adult focused.
    1:18:55 You can trace that all the way back to the old stories of the fairy tales.
    1:18:57 People go into the woods and then come out of the woods.
    1:18:59 They go into the fantasy world, come out, right?
    1:19:02 The second line is what we call heroic fantasy.
    1:19:07 Heroic fantasy’s lines kind of really starts with the Greek epics and Beowulf.
    1:19:10 But in modern terms, you would recognize Conan as the virginity.
    1:19:16 It is heroic men fighting against the monsters of the world and taming them.
    1:19:19 And just kind of destroying them.
    1:19:21 It’s heroic man versus evil wizard.
    1:19:23 A lot of the old serials were that.
    1:19:26 And in modern terms, our grimdark kind of line.
    1:19:31 You kind of look at Joe Abercrombie as kind of the modern version of that.
    1:19:32 So the blade itself.
    1:19:33 The blade itself.
    1:19:34 Fantastic.
    1:19:35 So fun.
    1:19:38 Also one of the best voice actors I’ve ever heard.
    1:19:40 Joe is amazing.
    1:19:41 He’s delightful.
    1:19:43 Tangent, you want my Joe Abercrombie story?
    1:19:44 Yes, please.
    1:19:45 Tangent.
    1:19:47 I am flying to Spain.
    1:19:48 Right.
    1:19:51 And Joe is going to meet me there because we’re both doing con together.
    1:19:52 It’s called Celsius.
    1:19:53 I’m actually going back this year.
    1:19:55 So I’m passing through Amsterdam.
    1:19:57 And I did a thing back then.
    1:19:58 Maybe we’ll talk about it now.
    1:20:00 I signed my books in airports.
    1:20:02 I would see a book of mine in an airport bookstore.
    1:20:05 I would sign it and I would post on Twitter.
    1:20:07 And I’d say, I signed my book.
    1:20:09 First one gets there, gets to get the book.
    1:20:10 This was a thing of mine.
    1:20:11 My fans loved it.
    1:20:13 I don’t travel that way as much anymore.
    1:20:15 And there’s fewer airport bookstores.
    1:20:16 They’ve all died off.
    1:20:17 So I don’t really do it anymore.
    1:20:18 But for a while, I did that.
    1:20:21 They named it Brandylizing.
    1:20:22 Yeah.
    1:20:25 And I did this thing in the airport.
    1:20:26 I left my book.
    1:20:28 I took a picture of it in the spot.
    1:20:30 And I’m getting in the line to get on the plane.
    1:20:31 Right.
    1:20:33 And I get a tweet.
    1:20:34 And it’s from Joe.
    1:20:38 And he says, “Sanderson, my book’s next year’s and you didn’t sign it.”
    1:20:40 And I’m going to tweet back.
    1:20:41 I’m like, well, it’s not my book.
    1:20:44 He’s like, “Sign my book, Sanderson.”
    1:20:47 And all caps, exclamation and point.
    1:20:49 And so I have to leave the line.
    1:20:50 They’re calling the line.
    1:20:51 Run to the bookstore.
    1:20:52 Sign Joe Abercrombie’s book.
    1:20:54 Take a picture of it.
    1:20:57 Post it and say, “Your book is signed by me.”
    1:20:58 And then I did make my flight.
    1:21:01 But I almost missed my flight, signing Joe’s book.
    1:21:04 So someone out there went and bought Joe’s book signed by me.
    1:21:05 Because I–
    1:21:09 How long had you known each other at that point?
    1:21:14 We had met at conventions and been on panels together and Joe is a riot.
    1:21:19 Like, if you get a chance, if he’s anywhere that you can go see him,
    1:21:23 Joe has this magic to turn any panel into a enjoyable panel,
    1:21:25 no matter who’s on it with him.
    1:21:28 And so, like, I won’t say that I’m best buds with Joe.
    1:21:30 I don’t know Joe really well, but we’re professional colleagues.
    1:21:32 And I love being on a panel with him.
    1:21:36 He makes me look intelligent and funny, which I love.
    1:21:38 So we’ve got choral fantasy.
    1:21:40 We’ve got heroic fantasy, right?
    1:21:42 Michael Morkock, all of that stuff.
    1:21:44 Then we have epic fantasy.
    1:21:49 And epic fantasy is termed by completely different fantasy world.
    1:21:51 The other two are generally have roots in our world.
    1:21:55 Portal, you start in our world, and heroic tends to be kind of our world.
    1:21:57 The modern ones aren’t.
    1:22:01 But, you know, Conan takes place in the prehistory of our world and things like that.
    1:22:04 Epic fantasy really starts with Tolkien.
    1:22:08 You can say that some of the heroic epics had a big part in this, too, right?
    1:22:10 Gilgamesh even and stuff like that.
    1:22:15 But this idea of epic fantasy is the movement of worlds.
    1:22:16 The world is at stake.
    1:22:18 Secondary world is what we call it.
    1:22:20 It’s very moved from our planet.
    1:22:23 All new rules, all new world, all new magic.
    1:22:26 And it’s this idea that they’re the big, thick ones.
    1:22:31 They’re kind of like historical epics, but in a different world.
    1:22:33 So that’s their similarity.
    1:22:36 And, you know, Game of Thrones is this.
    1:22:38 The Game of Thrones borrows a little from heroic.
    1:22:40 That’s kind of his secret sauce.
    1:22:44 He takes heroic characters and sticks them in an epic fantasy plot.
    1:22:50 And then they just start getting killed off because they’re living in a much more brutal version of an epic fantasy world than most of them.
    1:22:52 Epic is me and Robert Jordan and things like that.
    1:22:53 That’s epic fantasy.
    1:22:55 It’s just stakes of the world.
    1:22:56 Got it.
    1:23:00 And I took us off track a little bit because the question was, why are we sitting in this huge office?
    1:23:01 Yeah.
    1:23:02 And then you’re like, well, it’s backtrack.
    1:23:03 Yeah.
    1:23:04 Right?
    1:23:05 Artist raised by an accountant.
    1:23:06 Artist raised by an accountant.
    1:23:08 And then we came through and you’re like, number six.
    1:23:09 Number six.
    1:23:10 That was go time.
    1:23:11 That was go time.
    1:23:12 Right?
    1:23:13 Right?
    1:23:14 A launch.
    1:23:18 And at that point, my goal was only, I’m going to try to conquer this and become a professional writer.
    1:23:24 If I can earn a living doing this, I will have been successful.
    1:23:25 But then I did.
    1:23:27 I actually, it took me a few more years.
    1:23:30 I wrote 13 novels before I sold one.
    1:23:35 I sold number six after I’d finished number 13, which was Way of Kings Prime.
    1:23:42 And we can talk about, there’s kind of a dark moment of the soul happens before that where I’m at book number 12 and I’m like, what am I doing?
    1:23:44 12 books and no one’s buying them.
    1:23:45 Maybe I’m, maybe I’m really bad at this.
    1:23:46 But anyway.
    1:23:50 When did you start, you started trying to sell them at which book?
    1:23:51 About book six.
    1:24:04 Right around and I hit perfectly at Dave’s class about when I was working on book sex, I started sending out query letters and things like that on some of the earlier ones and started collecting my rejection letters and things like that.
    1:24:18 And then I took Dave’s class and I started flying out to these conventions and trying to meet editors in person and just kind of hearing from their mouths what they want, what they’re buying, what they’re interested in and trying to target my books at them.
    1:24:25 By that point that I was doing that I had eight or nine and six, seven and eight were pretty good books.
    1:24:27 Any one of those three probably could have broken me out.
    1:24:29 I didn’t ever publish seven or eight.
    1:24:30 I just published six.
    1:24:45 Then I sell a book and I realized, well, now the job is to make this a career because I sold my book for a grand total of $10,000 that was broken across three years.
    1:24:49 So I made $5,000 and then 2,500 and then 2,500.
    1:24:53 So you can imagine that’s a meager sum.
    1:25:01 I fortunately was married to someone who was making very sweet, great income as a public school teacher.
    1:25:02 She was the sugar mama.
    1:25:11 We were living on her 22,000 a year as a public school teacher, but she supported me while I was doing that and breaking in with those books.
    1:25:13 We did meet after I’d at least sold one.
    1:25:15 So I at least had something to say, look, it’s real.
    1:25:21 It made us $5,000 this year, but it made me, we weren’t married then, but you know what I mean.
    1:25:23 And so yeah, first year of marriage I made $2,500.
    1:25:25 That was what I grand total I contributed.
    1:25:29 But at that point, your job is to get stable.
    1:25:32 And the danger point after, there’s two danger points.
    1:25:36 One is never selling a book, but the number two danger point is your second book.
    1:25:38 We talked a little bit about this.
    1:25:40 Second book is like do or die time.
    1:25:45 And I can talk all about like I, it was pretty big do or die for me.
    1:25:49 But then it stabilized, then things started to work.
    1:25:52 I hit the best seller list and then Wheel of Time happened.
    1:25:55 That was with the, that was with the first or the second book.
    1:25:58 Oh, it was my fourth that hit, or yeah, my fourth that hit the best seller.
    1:26:00 Yeah, it was Mistborn 3.
    1:26:02 It was my first one, very low on.
    1:26:03 It was either Mistborn 3.
    1:26:09 It might have been Warbreaker, but it’s four or five hit like the times list went to 35 then and I hit like number 35.
    1:26:10 Right?
    1:26:11 Still counts.
    1:26:12 Still counts, still counts.
    1:26:14 It was for 2000 copies in a week.
    1:26:20 It doesn’t sound like very much to be a best seller, but I hit that best seller list and then Wheel of Time happened and my entire life changed.
    1:26:22 And I’m sure we’ll get to that.
    1:26:30 But about 2012 through 2014, I started to realize some things.
    1:26:33 Somewhere in there, I can’t remember the exact date.
    1:26:34 You can look it up.
    1:26:38 Amazon turned off the ability to buy all McMillan books.
    1:26:41 Poor my publishers, the subsidiary of McMillan.
    1:26:43 This is because their contract disputes.
    1:26:47 Amazon wanted to pricey books cheaper to sell Kindles.
    1:26:53 They wanted the lost lead in order to control the market, which was very smart on their end.
    1:27:06 But the publishers were panicking about driving book prices to the basement because, you know, if Amazon sells them for a dollar, you know, at the point Amazon is selling for a dollar and paying us on those books like $8.
    1:27:07 And they’re like, what’s the problem?
    1:27:08 We sell them for a dollar.
    1:27:10 You still make your $8.
    1:27:13 And the publishers are like, yeah, but people are going to expect books to be a dollar.
    1:27:17 And when you control the market, you’re going to say, well, we’re not paying you $8 on these books anymore.
    1:27:21 We’re going to pay you the 70 cents that you would get off of a $1 book.
    1:27:24 And so whole panic, big contract disputes.
    1:27:30 Amazon is working very hard to become, you know, dominant in this market and the publishers are fighting them.
    1:27:33 And Amazon turns off the ability to buy my books.
    1:27:44 And this was a wake up call to me because it told me that the system was no longer what it had been all the way through the course of publishing history.
    1:27:49 All the way through publishing history, your audience, your buyers were the bookstores, really.
    1:27:51 Core were the bookstores.
    1:27:58 If you convinced the bookstores to shelve your books, then people went to the bookstores and the more books you have in the shelf, the more you sold.
    1:28:06 Old publishing adage that Tom Doherty, founder of Tor, very smart man would say is like, I want to have 10 books on the shelf, even if only one of themselves.
    1:28:12 Because eventually, nine of them are going to sell 10 of a copy because everyone will go and say, this must be an important book.
    1:28:14 They have 10 copies of it here.
    1:28:17 The best advertisement for a book is having as many on the shelf.
    1:28:20 And so your fight was to get the bookstores to carry your book.
    1:28:21 It was real estate.
    1:28:22 Yep.
    1:28:24 That was no longer the case.
    1:28:28 Your audience, your market was not the bookstores, it was only Amazon.
    1:28:30 Amazon controlled everything.
    1:28:32 By then they had Audible.
    1:28:36 And Audible has become the growth segment of the market.
    1:28:41 They controlled eBooks and they were coming to control print books.
    1:28:46 And having one person be able to turn off my books was a big deal to me.
    1:28:51 It happened previously with the Alcatraz books where boarders decided not to carry one of them.
    1:28:53 But Barnes & Noble did.
    1:28:57 And so it was still the book succeeded and eventually boarders came around and decided to carry it.
    1:28:59 There’s only one person.
    1:29:01 They control your entire career.
    1:29:04 And I said, I cannot be subject.
    1:29:09 And that’s when the big entrepreneurial part of my brain said, all right, let’s change.
    1:29:14 I went to the publishers and I said, there are certain things I think we should be doing.
    1:29:17 And publishing blessed their hearts.
    1:29:21 They’re still trapped in a lot of ways in the 1900s.
    1:29:23 Maybe the 1800s.
    1:29:25 They do not change very quickly.
    1:29:31 And I looked at other markets and I said, what is music doing?
    1:29:33 What is movies doing?
    1:29:35 What were music and movies?
    1:29:38 What were my friends who were independent comic publishers doing?
    1:29:41 You know, Howard Taylor, he was on “Right, Excuse Us With Me.”
    1:29:42 I’m like, what’s he doing?
    1:29:43 He gives it away for free.
    1:29:46 If Amazon decides that my books are essentially free, how do I make a living?
    1:29:48 How’s he making a living?
    1:29:51 He gives it away for free and he still makes a living.
    1:29:58 And I started to see some trends and they involved having a variety of product prices.
    1:30:04 One was having something really high end that the super fans could buy to display to show off.
    1:30:10 Whether that be the vinyl, whether that be the equivalent of going to a concert and buying merch there.
    1:30:16 Whether it be buying the book online that is free but you want to have a copy to show off.
    1:30:22 All the way down the really cheap product and in a lot of ways if you have the really expensive thing,
    1:30:26 that subsidizes the really cheap product so that everybody can get the books.
    1:30:30 Everyone’s served better by a variety of offerings.
    1:30:31 Different pricing tiers.
    1:30:34 Different pricing tiers letting people buy in to what they want.
    1:30:40 And I realized if people are buying into the expensive one, you can go lower on the cheap one
    1:30:43 and the people who can’t afford this or don’t want it are happy.
    1:30:44 The people who want this are happy.
    1:30:46 Everyone is more happy.
    1:30:47 And I went to the publisher.
    1:30:50 I’m like, we should be upselling to merchandise.
    1:30:55 Lord of the Rings released these cool DVDs that came with bookends.
    1:30:56 Gollum bookends, right?
    1:30:59 Said we should be doing things like that for big books.
    1:31:03 We should be bundling e-book and audiobook with a hardcover.
    1:31:05 We should be selling leather bounce.
    1:31:07 Really high-end, nice ones.
    1:31:09 But we shouldn’t be charging what you’re charging.
    1:31:11 They were charging $250 for the leather bounce.
    1:31:13 I’m like, that’s a too high a price point.
    1:31:15 We should be doing $100 price point.
    1:31:18 And the publisher said to me, we can’t do this.
    1:31:20 And they had some good reasons.
    1:31:26 I think they’re not insurmountable, but their reasons were, look, the bookstores can’t carry these special editions.
    1:31:28 We just can’t figure out how to make them work.
    1:31:30 The bookstores can’t sell merch.
    1:31:38 The bookstores can’t sell the leather bounce because we printed 250 copies of the Wheel of Time leather bounce.
    1:31:42 And we had so much trouble selling them because fans didn’t know where to get them.
    1:31:47 The bookstores didn’t want to carry something that expensive that they weren’t sure if they were going to sell.
    1:31:49 It was just all a big mess.
    1:31:57 And after a few years of this, I had numerous phone calls with the CEO of Macmillan above even Tom Doherty, like the head dude.
    1:31:59 And I could not make any inroads.
    1:32:05 And that’s when, you know, the voice of my mother whispered, well, Brandon, I trained you better than that.
    1:32:07 Do it yourself.
    1:32:09 And I said, I just have to.
    1:32:11 And so I got my team together.
    1:32:15 And I said, we are going to try to Amazon proof ourselves.
    1:32:18 That means we are going to direct sale.
    1:32:22 We are going to start building our own direct to our consumer.
    1:32:24 And I started with the leather bounce.
    1:32:27 My decision was this was something the market wanted.
    1:32:28 I kept hearing from fans they wanted them.
    1:32:30 I heard from the publisher they can’t sell them.
    1:32:33 So I went to the publisher said, can you give me those rights back?
    1:32:35 And he’s like, sure, they’re just free.
    1:32:36 We can’t do anything with them.
    1:32:37 Maybe you can.
    1:32:39 And that’s again, to their credit, right?
    1:32:43 The publishers are, I’m guessing in retrospect.
    1:32:45 In retrospect.
    1:32:47 But they couldn’t have done it.
    1:32:49 They couldn’t have done it because it had to be direct to consumer.
    1:32:55 Part of the reason is like the fans running out to buy the specialization of the bookstore.
    1:32:57 It’s just that it’s a bad methodology.
    1:32:59 So I said to my team, we’re going to build these.
    1:33:01 We’re going to do leather bounds.
    1:33:03 They sold 250 copies.
    1:33:05 I want to sell 10,000.
    1:33:06 Right.
    1:33:07 Well, we started five.
    1:33:08 I want to sell 5,000.
    1:33:09 We ended up selling 50,000.
    1:33:10 Right.
    1:33:12 Now is that of multiple books?
    1:33:13 That’s the first one.
    1:33:14 Wow.
    1:33:15 Right.
    1:33:16 50,000.
    1:33:17 Nowadays.
    1:33:18 Hard bound.
    1:33:19 Leather bound.
    1:33:21 Leather bounds at 100 to 250.
    1:33:24 Nowadays, our initial print runs are 50,000.
    1:33:28 Back then it was 10,000 and then 5,000 more than 5,000 more and then things like that.
    1:33:29 Right.
    1:33:31 They will, everyone we get in stock will sell.
    1:33:35 Everyone’s signed that is in stock will just instantly sell.
    1:33:38 And so there’s obviously a very big market.
    1:33:45 In fact, such a big market, I cannot physically produce enough of them to sell the signed ones.
    1:33:50 We have the unsigned ones that people still buy, but the signed ones go instantly.
    1:33:51 Quality problem to have.
    1:33:52 Yeah.
    1:33:54 It is a quality problem to have.
    1:34:02 It means that my time suddenly got a very strange monetary constraint on it, which is
    1:34:06 something that I try to pay attention to, but not too much.
    1:34:10 I don’t know if you’ve had this, but do you ever try to put a dollar amount on your time
    1:34:12 and is that just madness for you?
    1:34:13 It is madness.
    1:34:15 I did that for a very long time.
    1:34:22 I think it is helpful in some of the maybe earlier intermediate entrepreneurial stages
    1:34:27 so that you don’t find yourself, if you are like me, a perfectionist, micromanaging or
    1:34:29 doing too much yourself.
    1:34:34 However, there is a point where I think it just makes you miserable because you end up
    1:34:41 placing so high a per hour value on your time that every squandered minute is like having
    1:34:45 a pound of flesh taken and you can drive yourself insane.
    1:34:46 Yeah.
    1:34:53 I wind in that because if I sign my name, that’s $250 because of leather belt, but I don’t
    1:34:55 want to spend my life signing my name.
    1:35:02 I want to write the books, but the most money I can earn per hour, I can sign a thousand
    1:35:06 of those in an hour and that’s $250 each, which is just an unreal.
    1:35:08 If you think about that, that’s like, yeah.
    1:35:09 That is bananas.
    1:35:10 That is bananas.
    1:35:14 My normal writing time, I can put a different dollar amount depends on what I’m writing.
    1:35:19 Did you ever get pulled because it happened to me with speaking engagements, different
    1:35:25 things, but did you get pulled away from the creative work or the actual wordsmithing
    1:35:27 at any point or were you able to hold the line?
    1:35:29 I was able to hold the line but barely.
    1:35:34 At one point, I started to get popular enough that people wanted me on the speaking tour
    1:35:36 and so I put a dollar amount on it.
    1:35:40 Well, at that point, a day of writing, and it takes me two days, a day of writing is
    1:35:43 $25,000, so two days, $50,000.
    1:35:48 We put it up there instantly, like 10 inquiries.
    1:35:51 I’m like, I don’t want to do that.
    1:35:52 Now what?
    1:35:53 Now what?
    1:35:54 I just said, you know what?
    1:35:56 No, we were wrong.
    1:36:01 Part of that is because I don’t feel like I’m $50,000 worth of speaking.
    1:36:05 There are really good motivational speakers that are maybe worth that.
    1:36:06 I don’t think I am.
    1:36:07 My time is worth that.
    1:36:09 They would probably disagree.
    1:36:10 They’re like, whatever.
    1:36:12 We have this money set aside for speakers.
    1:36:13 It’s what speakers cost.
    1:36:17 But the other thing is that’s what my writing time was and I love writing.
    1:36:21 And if I’m going to spend two days writing, I want to spend it writing.
    1:36:23 And nowadays, it would be ridiculous.
    1:36:27 For me to go do one of these things, it would cost like $400,000.
    1:36:29 It’d be even worse.
    1:36:34 And so I did have to stop thinking about the hour, whatever, but it is a helpful metric
    1:36:36 for where you spend your time.
    1:36:39 Put your time where you’re happy and excited.
    1:36:42 But also if you can choose among different things that you’re having inside of you,
    1:36:43 you can do that.
    1:36:45 So anyway, that’s the side of the point.
    1:36:50 I gave this challenge to my team and it worked.
    1:36:53 We started to do all the things that the publishers weren’t doing.
    1:36:59 And then that’s when I said, all right, now we’re going to actually build a team and grow.
    1:37:02 And we moved to doing crowdfunding.
    1:37:03 It’s really a lot better.
    1:37:05 We did pre-orders on the initial ones.
    1:37:06 We moved to crowdfunding.
    1:37:11 And that’s when we went, my team all through the teams was maybe 10 people.
    1:37:13 Probably didn’t even quite get there.
    1:37:15 And who were those people?
    1:37:17 What was the kind of org chart at the time?
    1:37:18 So me and Emily.
    1:37:23 So Emily runs the business and I run the creative, right?
    1:37:24 So she does HR.
    1:37:26 She does accounting.
    1:37:30 She does operations is what we call it and all of that stuff.
    1:37:35 And is operations sort of the logistics of manufacturing and shipping?
    1:37:36 Yes.
    1:37:37 It’s manufacturing shipping.
    1:37:38 It’s HR.
    1:37:40 It’s facilities.
    1:37:42 Basically, she’s over that.
    1:37:47 So if you look at my org chart, Emily and I are at the top and I am over what we call creative development,
    1:37:49 which early on was one person.
    1:37:51 All of these were one person.
    1:37:54 Creative development and publicity are kind of under me.
    1:37:56 And what did creative development do at that?
    1:37:57 That’s our art team.
    1:37:58 Okay, got it.
    1:37:59 So that was art.
    1:38:02 So art and then editorial and publicity were me.
    1:38:05 And then merchandising events and facilities were her.
    1:38:08 And so we started 2007.
    1:38:10 I hired my first employee.
    1:38:12 I broke out in 2005.
    1:38:13 2007.
    1:38:19 I hire an assistant editor whose job is to do executive assistant and editorial work for me.
    1:38:20 Well, very soon.
    1:38:22 Oh, wait, you’re actually our first.
    1:38:23 Becky’s like you.
    1:38:25 That wasn’t it was our first like full-time employee.
    1:38:29 Our first one, we hire Becky to do shipping.
    1:38:31 So actually, our first employee is shipping.
    1:38:32 You’re going to love this.
    1:38:35 My second book, we had, they have remainders.
    1:38:37 You know what remainders are.
    1:38:39 You should explain for the people listening though.
    1:38:40 Boy, we’re on a tangent to a tangent.
    1:38:41 I love this.
    1:38:42 You’re pretty good.
    1:38:44 I’m impressed with your ability to reel it in though.
    1:38:49 What you haven’t done, which happens to me all the time is someone will say,
    1:38:50 what were we talking about?
    1:38:51 What was your question again?
    1:38:52 You’re very good at doing callbacks.
    1:38:53 You’re good at reminding me.
    1:38:54 You’ve been reminding me.
    1:38:56 So publishing, like Tom already said,
    1:39:00 he wants 10 books on the shelf and you really want to sell seven of those,
    1:39:01 seven to eight.
    1:39:04 If you sell everyone, that means you didn’t put enough on the shelf.
    1:39:07 Someone walked into that store and couldn’t buy a book.
    1:39:10 If you sell two, you actually printed way too many.
    1:39:13 Tom would still want them for publicity reasons,
    1:39:16 but industry kind of common sense says,
    1:39:18 you want to have remainders somewhere around.
    1:39:21 Remainders are left over at the end of a print run.
    1:39:23 You want to have around 20%.
    1:39:28 Anything between 30% to 10% is fine.
    1:39:32 40% starts to look sketchy and less than 10% is bad also.
    1:39:36 So you end up getting thousands of books shipped back, right?
    1:39:41 Elantris, they printed 10,000 and they had remainders on Elantris,
    1:39:42 or not Elantris, Mistborn.
    1:39:43 Elantris, they didn’t have remainders.
    1:39:44 They didn’t print enough of them.
    1:39:45 Mistborn, they did.
    1:39:47 They actually overprinted a little bit.
    1:39:48 So they had too many remainders.
    1:39:50 They said, Brandon, you can have these.
    1:39:52 It’s a dollar a piece.
    1:39:55 I’m like, entrepreneur, what does my mom say?
    1:39:57 You buy those books at a dollar and you sign them
    1:39:58 and you sell them at cover price,
    1:40:00 and you use that to supplement your income, right?
    1:40:02 You’re making $2,500 a year.
    1:40:04 You need to supplement that somehow.
    1:40:05 So I bought them all.
    1:40:08 Okay, so this is going back early days.
    1:40:09 Way back early.
    1:40:10 Bought them all, put them in our garage.
    1:40:12 Couldn’t park our car anymore.
    1:40:15 Then we hired Becky, who’s my sister-in-law,
    1:40:17 to take the orders.
    1:40:18 We put them up on my website signed.
    1:40:22 And it’s a trickle, 10 a week or even that many.
    1:40:23 But she was shipping that.
    1:40:24 So first person is shipping.
    1:40:27 Second person is editorial, executive assistant editorial.
    1:40:29 Soon there’s enough editorial work for him
    1:40:30 that I need another assistant.
    1:40:33 So then we hire a merchandising person.
    1:40:34 What is the merch?
    1:40:37 So the merch at that point was looking at doing t-shirts
    1:40:42 and stickers and take over the shipping from Becky.
    1:40:44 They have like a full in-house thing.
    1:40:46 So that’s when we let Becky go.
    1:40:47 So she was our first employee.
    1:40:48 I’m nodding.
    1:40:49 She’s over here in the corner.
    1:40:50 She eventually got hired again.
    1:40:52 She’ll still come back into the story.
    1:40:54 But then we have like a full-time person
    1:40:57 who is shipping and to come up with merchandising.
    1:40:59 And then I hire her husband.
    1:41:03 We hired them as a team for 20 hours each a week.
    1:41:04 As 140-hour employee.
    1:41:05 He was an artist.
    1:41:08 He’d done all my art for Elantris or Mistborn.
    1:41:10 See, he’s saying Elantris for Mistborn.
    1:41:13 And she was, she’s the person we had been off
    1:41:15 loading our merchandise to so far
    1:41:16 that it started doing it.
    1:41:18 We’re like, we’re bringing this in-house.
    1:41:20 So posters, art prints, all of that stuff.
    1:41:23 And then our next employee is right around the same time
    1:41:25 is publicity and marketing altogether.
    1:41:27 That’s Adam whom you’ve met.
    1:41:30 So then we have our structure all set, right?
    1:41:33 We have, for me, I have an editorial person.
    1:41:37 I have a creative element, which art person
    1:41:39 and I have a publicity person.
    1:41:42 And then Emily has a person for shipping
    1:41:44 and for merchandise together.
    1:41:46 And then she hired a facilities person
    1:41:48 to kind of, our little office at the time
    1:41:50 to clean it up, to make sure people need
    1:41:52 to change light bulbs and things like that.
    1:41:55 And then she handled herself all of the HR
    1:41:57 and things like that.
    1:41:58 And that’s where we began.
    1:42:01 And that’s what we were for like 10 years
    1:42:04 until the first Kickstarter where things exploded.
    1:42:07 And slowly we’ve been adding people to shipping
    1:42:09 and we’ve been shipping out of the house
    1:42:11 next door that we bought.
    1:42:14 And that’s when we said,
    1:42:15 “All right, it’s time to level up.”
    1:42:16 And I said,
    1:42:17 “Everyone’s going to build a department.
    1:42:19 I want a full team for each one
    1:42:22 because we’re going to go somewhere with this
    1:42:24 now that I have this team.”
    1:42:25 And just to give people a visual.
    1:42:29 So when I got my amazing tour earlier,
    1:42:32 I remember walking into the warehouse
    1:42:33 and I was like,
    1:42:35 “I feel like I’m at the end of Raiders of the Lost Ark.
    1:42:40 This is a gigantic space with levels upon levels
    1:42:44 and palettes upon palettes upon palettes.”
    1:42:49 It is really jaw-dropping to walk into that space.
    1:42:50 Now you mentioned Kickstarter.
    1:42:52 I know we’re jumping ahead a little bit.
    1:42:55 And I’m going to want to come back to Warbreaker
    1:42:56 and all sorts of other things.
    1:43:00 But since you already mentioned Kickstarter,
    1:43:04 I recall very distinctly when your launch video
    1:43:08 was sent to me by a number of friends.
    1:43:10 You could listen to Raiders usually.
    1:43:13 So I got this video and I was like,
    1:43:14 “Oh, this should be fun to watch.”
    1:43:18 So for people who don’t have any context,
    1:43:20 this is the big one.
    1:43:21 The big one.
    1:43:23 How do you want to set that up?
    1:43:25 Because it’s so mind-boggling.
    1:43:27 I don’t even know which angle to take on it.
    1:43:30 I have a couple of big level-up moments in my life.
    1:43:33 The first one is when I pitched Mistborn
    1:43:35 going from Elantris to Mistborn,
    1:43:37 where I said I’m not doing sequel to Elantris.
    1:43:38 I’m doing this whole new thing.
    1:43:40 And I’ve got big aspirations.
    1:43:42 The next one is when the Wheel of Time hit me.
    1:43:45 The next one is when we started doing our Leather Bounds.
    1:43:47 And the most recent one is our Kickstarter.
    1:43:49 Now, I say our Kickstarter because it’s the famous one.
    1:43:52 We’d actually done one before that hit $7 million.
    1:43:54 That was for the Way of Kings Leather Bound.
    1:43:56 We moved our Leather Bounds from…
    1:43:59 So we did Elantris and the Mistborn books
    1:44:02 in Warbreaker just as pre-orders during the 20 teams.
    1:44:05 And then coming to the 2020s,
    1:44:07 we said, “All right, we’re moving to Kickstarter.”
    1:44:10 This happened actually because of my friend Howard Taylor,
    1:44:12 who was one of my models,
    1:44:15 where he’s the guy who did a web comic,
    1:44:18 comic book that he sold the print editions
    1:44:21 in order to subsidize the free thing online.
    1:44:22 And he came to me and said,
    1:44:24 “Brandon, you should be doing crowdfunding.”
    1:44:26 I’m like, “We have a nice pre-order system.”
    1:44:29 He’s like, “No, crowdfunding hits publicity
    1:44:30 in a different way.”
    1:44:32 And I realized he’s right.
    1:44:33 I should have been doing these.
    1:44:35 One of the problems with the pre-orders
    1:44:38 is we never knew how many to order, right?
    1:44:40 And with a Kickstarter, you get all those orders come in.
    1:44:42 And you have to pay a chunk to Kickstarter,
    1:44:45 but they have a nice back-end structure.
    1:44:47 And we investigated that.
    1:44:49 And Kara, my person who’s in charge of fulfillment,
    1:44:51 is like, “This would be so much easier
    1:44:53 than what we’re doing because you can mail-merge
    1:44:55 all these things and they keep all of this track
    1:44:58 of all of the stuff with the shipping and the prices.”
    1:45:01 It just makes it so much easier
    1:45:03 than there’s the publicity side
    1:45:06 where you can start adding all of these add-ons
    1:45:07 and things.
    1:45:10 And so we tried one out with the way of Kingslover bound.
    1:45:14 It was successful, $7 million, which is pretty good.
    1:45:16 And then COVID hit.
    1:45:20 Okay, so before we get to COVID hits,
    1:45:22 now before we get to that,
    1:45:24 what did you guys learn?
    1:45:28 What were the key lessons learned with that first prototype run?
    1:45:29 Let’s just say.
    1:45:30 Yeah, first prototype run.
    1:45:31 So there’s a couple things.
    1:45:34 Number one, there’s a whole lot of organization
    1:45:38 that goes into shipping out 50,000 books at once
    1:45:40 instead of 50,000 books across 10 years.
    1:45:41 Yeah, yeah.
    1:45:43 Because a lot of folks who do Kickstarter,
    1:45:45 if they’re successful, get the hug of death.
    1:45:46 Exactly.
    1:45:47 And they implode.
    1:45:50 Yep, they implode because managing and shipping
    1:45:51 and keeping everyone happy.
    1:45:53 When you do what we were doing,
    1:45:55 where we’re sending out a few thousand, you know,
    1:45:58 every month or things like that,
    1:46:01 people get their books in a timely way.
    1:46:02 In a Kickstarter,
    1:46:04 suddenly you have to figure out how to send 50,000 books
    1:46:06 and keep everyone updated on it, right?
    1:46:08 And you have to figure out how to get merchandise
    1:46:11 and books shipped together or in separate packages.
    1:46:15 That’s a really big one because what we found with our books is
    1:46:19 we could drop ship the books direct from the printer,
    1:46:21 but not the merchandise,
    1:46:24 which comes in on different boats from around the world
    1:46:27 because you’re printing them all in different places.
    1:46:30 And so we had to figure out how are we doing all the shipping?
    1:46:33 The logistics do kill a lot of people,
    1:46:34 and we were able to build that.
    1:46:36 So that’s all behind the scene stuff.
    1:46:37 That’s a lesson.
    1:46:38 Having your logistics in place,
    1:46:40 knowing how you’re going to fulfill
    1:46:42 if you are successful is a very big deal.
    1:46:46 Knowing that you can already produce these things at scale,
    1:46:48 have them arrive,
    1:46:51 like a lot of people who do Kickstarter don’t understand,
    1:46:55 like the sheer fact of these big trucks coming in
    1:46:57 can only go to certain places,
    1:47:00 and they can only offload in certain ways.
    1:47:03 And some of them need a high dock,
    1:47:04 and some of them will have a ramp,
    1:47:07 and you have to find out where can they deposit these things.
    1:47:09 If you don’t have a warehouse with a high dock,
    1:47:12 you better then know that the trucks are coming in with a ramp
    1:47:14 and a pallet jack.
    1:47:16 Otherwise, they’re going to arrive and be like,
    1:47:17 “All right, move these.”
    1:47:19 And you’re like, “What do we do?”
    1:47:21 We actually had one of those where they’d all had ramps before
    1:47:23 and then run arrived without.
    1:47:26 And they’re like, “All right, how are you getting this out?”
    1:47:29 And we had to have a bunch of people go into the back of the book
    1:47:32 and move them off of the pallets by box.
    1:47:34 So these are all lessons learned.
    1:47:36 So there’s all these logistical things.
    1:47:39 The second thing we learned was that it was true.
    1:47:43 A crowdfunding campaign where you bring all of the might of your fan base
    1:47:48 together for one event cuts through the noise.
    1:47:51 There’s a certain principle I’ve started calling,
    1:47:54 like escape velocity of attention.
    1:47:58 Escape velocity of attention is in today’s media environment.
    1:48:03 It’s like people’s attention have a gravitational pull
    1:48:06 to what they’ve already been paying attention to.
    1:48:11 And they love the things that they love and getting anything else
    1:48:13 to achieve that escape velocity,
    1:48:17 to go off and to make a splash,
    1:48:21 but any idea to not just crash and burn to get out into the universe
    1:48:25 and draw the attention of other people is just super difficult.
    1:48:28 And most things like sit on the planet
    1:48:31 and never get up into the universe where everyone can see it.
    1:48:34 They crash and burn and it’s like this layer
    1:48:38 keeping people’s attention away from paying attention to this thing over here.
    1:48:41 And in order to make any sort of noise,
    1:48:44 any sort of attention outside of a very small group,
    1:48:47 you need a certain amount of attention being paid to it
    1:48:50 so that you achieve this escape velocity and you blast out
    1:48:53 and then the rest of the planets pay attention to it,
    1:48:56 not just the one that is your little planet of attention.
    1:48:59 And it’s really hard.
    1:49:03 Like launching new books for new authors today is much harder.
    1:49:06 You might notice, I’ve noticed,
    1:49:10 there are fewer big people who break out now than used to.
    1:49:13 More authors are earning a living now than used to,
    1:49:16 but they’re earning less because there are fewer breakouts.
    1:49:19 There are fewer movie stars than there used to be.
    1:49:22 There are fewer giant bands than there used to be.
    1:49:25 And this is all because our attention is…
    1:49:28 There’s so many things vying for it that we put up this barrier
    1:49:30 and we don’t want to look up.
    1:49:32 And it’s very natural.
    1:49:37 And so having a Kickstarter gets that momentum behind you,
    1:49:38 starts to make noise.
    1:49:40 -Executed properly. -Executed properly.
    1:49:43 A lot of them flop, but actually you’re bringing all of your fan base together
    1:49:45 and making a lot of noise.
    1:49:48 Suddenly, more people pay attention to you.
    1:49:50 And with our way of King’s Kickstarter,
    1:49:53 it still only reached our audience, right?
    1:49:57 But even reaching your audience is really hard today.
    1:50:02 All of the social media platforms that we have learned to rely upon in use
    1:50:05 have found out that people can’t pay attention to everything.
    1:50:07 They will click too many names.
    1:50:09 They will want to follow these names,
    1:50:13 but then they’ll be too much spam of all these names on their feeds
    1:50:15 and all of them use algorithms because, number one,
    1:50:17 they need to monetize somehow.
    1:50:20 And number two, people follow too many things
    1:50:22 and it overwhelms most people so they come
    1:50:26 and they bounce off of even their social media platforms.
    1:50:29 And so in the early days of social media,
    1:50:32 if someone followed you on Facebook and you did a post,
    1:50:34 it showed up on their feed automatically.
    1:50:37 -No longer the case. -And that stopped in the 20 teens.
    1:50:40 And so it depended on how many people liked the thing.
    1:50:42 So if you even want to reach your own audience,
    1:50:45 you have to have an escape velocity of attention.
    1:50:47 You have to break through these barriers,
    1:50:51 preventing even your fan base from seeing what’s happening.
    1:50:53 I still get people who come to me like,
    1:50:56 “Wow, you did this big Kickstarter. I didn’t even hear about this.”
    1:51:00 We sold only 10% of our audience with the big one that we’re getting to, right?
    1:51:03 -That’s insane. -That’s only 10%.
    1:51:06 And that’s all that effort to get to 10%.
    1:51:10 And I would say the big Kickstarter was 30% to 40% new people.
    1:51:12 So we really only reached 5% of my audience.
    1:51:15 But regardless, it taught us that.
    1:51:17 It taught me about escape velocity of attention,
    1:51:19 how to break through, get into the sky,
    1:51:22 and start getting everyone’s attention maybe a little bit,
    1:51:25 or at least get high enough that your whole planet that follows you,
    1:51:27 more of them can see it.
    1:51:31 So I want to give people just a bit of a carrot dangling
    1:51:33 on the end of a stick here.
    1:51:36 -And then we’re going to go back to COVID hitting. -Yeah.
    1:51:39 With the big campaign that we keep referring to,
    1:51:41 what did that end up totaling?
    1:51:46 So it was 41. something million official,
    1:51:49 45 when you would do all the people.
    1:51:52 You have people that can add on extra stuff.
    1:51:54 The behind the scenes was another four and a half or so.
    1:51:56 We ended right at 45 million.
    1:51:59 So if you go look at it right now, it’s 41. something.
    1:52:01 Do you have it there? What is it? 41.
    1:52:04 I don’t have it actually at the points. I just have roughly 41.
    1:52:06 Roughly 41 million.
    1:52:10 And the previous highest Kickstarter had been 21.
    1:52:12 And we still have the record.
    1:52:15 Here’s what’s wild, it’s four books.
    1:52:17 If you go look at that top 10,
    1:52:20 everything else is some cool tech innovation.
    1:52:23 And we have it for novels.
    1:52:26 So COVID hits.
    1:52:30 I have gone through cycles in my life multiple times
    1:52:32 where I say yes to too many things.
    1:52:34 And then I’m traveling too much.
    1:52:36 And 2019 was one of those years.
    1:52:38 As an author, you know this.
    1:52:40 People want you in person.
    1:52:42 And traveling is fun.
    1:52:43 I enjoy seeing the world.
    1:52:45 So you say yes to a bunch of things.
    1:52:48 And then you end up, as I did in 2019,
    1:52:50 with three different trips to Europe.
    1:52:51 And Europe can be kind of exhausting.
    1:52:53 Three tours in Europe, multiple tours around here.
    1:52:57 And I calculated I’d been on the road one third of my days.
    1:53:01 COVID hits and I had 2020 was set for the same thing.
    1:53:03 And all that gets canceled.
    1:53:05 No one can travel.
    1:53:09 And suddenly I have one third of my time back.
    1:53:12 In the meantime, I’d started to feel dissatisfied
    1:53:13 with something in my life.
    1:53:16 When I was early in my career,
    1:53:18 I could just have a random idea.
    1:53:20 And I would shelve it until I was done with my current book.
    1:53:22 But I could have something that was really exciting to me.
    1:53:24 And when I finished my current book,
    1:53:26 I could go in and I could write that cool idea.
    1:53:28 Warbreaker that you mentioned was one of these.
    1:53:30 Just a standalone book that I wrote, you know,
    1:53:31 Mistborn Trilogy.
    1:53:33 Between the Mistborn Trilogy,
    1:53:36 The Wheel of Time and Stormlight on either side,
    1:53:39 I have this little standalone book that was a cool idea I had.
    1:53:41 And I love that about fantasy.
    1:53:44 Some of my favorite fantasy novels are standalone books.
    1:53:46 Guy Gavriel Kay is very good at them.
    1:53:51 Lions of Al-Rassan or Taigana are too highly recommended.
    1:53:52 They’re ’90s fantasy.
    1:53:54 They’re a little slower than modern fantasy.
    1:53:56 Really just single volume,
    1:53:58 really digging into one world,
    1:54:00 but it doesn’t overstay its welcome.
    1:54:04 And I hadn’t been able to do that in a while.
    1:54:07 I was writing series, all these series.
    1:54:09 Everything I wrote turned into a big series.
    1:54:11 And I didn’t have a place for these wacky ideas.
    1:54:14 And I started to hit my mid-40s.
    1:54:16 And I started to realize,
    1:54:19 I’m only really going to be able to do this probably
    1:54:22 till my 70s, if I’m lucky, right?
    1:54:26 Most authors really slow down when they hit their 70s.
    1:54:30 This is what people who are fans of Game of Thrones have found.
    1:54:32 George was always a little on the slower side,
    1:54:35 and then he hit retirement age, and he slowed down.
    1:54:37 And a lot of authors that happened to.
    1:54:39 And I started to calculate out,
    1:54:41 and I’m like, I don’t have room for any of these cool ideas.
    1:54:43 That makes me sad.
    1:54:46 But then suddenly I had a third of my time back.
    1:54:49 And I started watching movies with my kids.
    1:54:52 They were old enough that we could show them some of our favorite movies.
    1:54:55 And we showed them The Princess Bride.
    1:54:57 One of my favorite movies and favorite books.
    1:54:58 -Amazing. -Yeah.
    1:54:59 -Amazing, amazing. -Just because–
    1:55:01 -Amazing Everything, William Goldman. -Yeah.
    1:55:03 It’s a wonderful, wonderful book, wonderful.
    1:55:05 Written by William Goldman,
    1:55:07 who’s a great screenwriter,
    1:55:09 he’s written a lot of classics.
    1:55:11 Butch Cassie and Sundance Kid was one of his.
    1:55:13 And just brilliant screenwriter,
    1:55:15 who script-doctored a ton of your favorite movies,
    1:55:18 as well as wrote multiple on his own of your favorite movies.
    1:55:21 And so, I was watching this movie,
    1:55:23 and I love just the feel of it.
    1:55:26 This sort of fantasy that is fun,
    1:55:28 but doesn’t quite take itself too seriously.
    1:55:30 And we got done with that.
    1:55:32 And my wife’s like, “I love that movie.”
    1:55:34 And she said, “Isn’t it funny
    1:55:36 that The Princess doesn’t do anything
    1:55:38 in the movie The Princess Bride?”
    1:55:41 She even tries to hit a rat once and she misses, right?
    1:55:44 Like, that’s the most she accomplishes.
    1:55:46 That and marrying the bad guy, almost.
    1:55:47 Yeah.
    1:55:49 And she’s like, “Wouldn’t it be nice if she did something?”
    1:55:50 Marriage.
    1:55:51 Oh, marriage.
    1:55:53 So, that stuck in my brain.
    1:55:55 I’m like, “What if The Princess Bride?”
    1:55:57 What if, you know, Princess Bride starts with,
    1:55:59 “Guy goes off to seek his fortune,
    1:56:00 says, “Wait for me.
    1:56:02 I’m gonna go find my fortune and come back,
    1:56:04 and then we can get married and I’ll have money.”
    1:56:06 What if he went off and he got captured by pirates?
    1:56:07 Mm-hmm.
    1:56:09 What if that story happened,
    1:56:11 but the princess said,
    1:56:14 “Well, I guess I have to go find him now.”
    1:56:16 And went to find him, right?
    1:56:17 No one’s gonna go find him.
    1:56:18 Well, it’s down to me.
    1:56:19 She has no experience with this,
    1:56:21 but she’s like, “I’m the only one.”
    1:56:22 So, she goes off.
    1:56:25 And that, I wrote a story that was more fairy-tell-ish.
    1:56:27 It’s still in my cosmic universe,
    1:56:28 all my connected things.
    1:56:30 So, it’s told by my story-tell-y character,
    1:56:34 based a little bit off of some Shakespearean fool vibes
    1:56:36 from like, Twelfth Night and stuff like that.
    1:56:39 And let me, I’m just gonna sidebar because we might not get to it.
    1:56:40 Yeah.
    1:56:42 You have someone among you,
    1:56:45 within this company whose job,
    1:56:47 sole job, as I understand it, is continuity.
    1:56:48 Yes.
    1:56:49 Right?
    1:56:52 And you have an internal wiki to keep track of everything in this universe
    1:56:54 so that it interconnects and coheres.
    1:56:56 As good as I am with narrative,
    1:56:58 I need all of this stuff still.
    1:56:59 So, we have someone.
    1:57:01 So, from his voice,
    1:57:03 this is the first time I’ve done this, right?
    1:57:04 All my other books are in my voice.
    1:57:05 And I said,
    1:57:07 “What if a character told a story to someone else about this,
    1:57:08 this young woman?”
    1:57:11 And it became the story, Tress of the Emerald Sea,
    1:57:14 that I wrote without any plans to publish it,
    1:57:17 without any contracts, without any expectations.
    1:57:19 I didn’t tell the fans it was coming.
    1:57:22 I wrote it and just gave the chapters to my wife to read
    1:57:23 as I was writing it.
    1:57:27 And it was liberating with no deadlines, no contracts.
    1:57:30 It just, I wrote it because I had a little extra time.
    1:57:32 And I thought, “That was amazing.
    1:57:33 That’s something I’ve been missing.”
    1:57:35 And COVID gave me this chance across those like,
    1:57:38 two or three years that we canceled everything,
    1:57:40 that I used that extra time.
    1:57:43 I fulfilled all of my contractual obligations
    1:57:44 writing books,
    1:57:47 but I also ended up writing four novels
    1:57:49 that were just squeezed between.
    1:57:52 And I say, you know, these are each 100,000 words, right?
    1:57:55 So, they’re one Stormlight Archive book.
    1:57:58 So, it’s about 18 months of writing time
    1:58:01 that I squeezed in there between different things.
    1:58:05 And I wrote these four books and I realized,
    1:58:09 well, at about book three, I realized I had something.
    1:58:11 That I could spring on people.
    1:58:14 And COVID had been so miserable for so many people.
    1:58:16 It was delightful for me.
    1:58:18 I’m writing books, I’m watching movies with my kids.
    1:58:21 No one’s asking me to go on tour anymore.
    1:58:25 And so, in the midst of all this, I started to have a plan.
    1:58:27 And I started to have an idea.
    1:58:29 And I got that fourth one written.
    1:58:31 And I wrote the fourth one deliberately for the Kickstarter.
    1:58:34 I realized I wanted one that felt more like my classic novels,
    1:58:37 so that fans who like Mistworn and Stormlight
    1:58:41 would get something because number one and number three of that
    1:58:43 were told from my storyteller voice.
    1:58:45 And then number two was something completely different.
    1:58:48 It’s a science fiction novel unrelated to every my other stuff.
    1:58:50 And so, I wrote one kind of for the fans.
    1:58:54 And then I sprung them on my company, said,
    1:58:57 there’s four books out of nowhere.
    1:58:58 Tell me what you think.
    1:59:02 And I watched their reaction to finding four unexpected books
    1:59:06 in the excitement that just moved through the company.
    1:59:09 And I said, all right, I’ve got something.
    1:59:11 I did it again with test audience.
    1:59:15 Some of my, you know, sworn to secrecy, early readers.
    1:59:18 Do you use the same early readers?
    1:59:20 I have a pool of about a hundred of them.
    1:59:22 And we don’t use them all for every book.
    1:59:25 We just kind of randomly decide.
    1:59:28 And I said, Brandon has an extra book.
    1:59:31 And we actually splint like the hundred and the groups of 25
    1:59:33 and sent them all four different books.
    1:59:35 And they all talk on it.
    1:59:37 Do you say two groups of 45?
    1:59:38 No, sorry.
    1:59:39 Sorry, four groups of 25.
    1:59:40 Four groups of 25.
    1:59:41 Sorry.
    1:59:42 I probably misspoke on the head.
    1:59:43 No, no, no.
    1:59:44 I think I missheard it.
    1:59:45 Okay, four groups of 25.
    1:59:48 And they all talk on like discords and things.
    1:59:50 And we sent them each a different book.
    1:59:52 And then I watched the discord as they all realized
    1:59:55 I had written four books in secret.
    2:00:00 And I spun this into the video that you watched.
    2:00:02 I went to my team and I said, I want to do something.
    2:00:05 And they were a little resistant because sometimes
    2:00:09 some of these big ideas that I have, I’m the big idea person
    2:00:12 and they can be really daunting such as the,
    2:00:14 we’re going to do our own leather balance.
    2:00:16 We’re going to start doing kick starters.
    2:00:20 I kind of have to, my job is to, we always talk, Emily and I,
    2:00:24 my job is to look and pull people toward that star future.
    2:00:27 And her job is to say, remember to be practical.
    2:00:28 Remember to be practical.
    2:00:29 Can we actually accomplish this?
    2:00:31 Well, it would take to actually accomplish this.
    2:00:35 And I went to them and I said, I want to do a video where
    2:00:38 I pretend that I’m coming out with some big scandal
    2:00:41 and I’m retiring from writing because I’ve secretly,
    2:00:45 you know, done something just horrible that happens periodically.
    2:00:48 And it’s probably, it may be not be something really fun
    2:00:51 to make fun of, but you know, you have a lot of writers like,
    2:00:54 you know, I have to admit that I plagiarized or I have to admit
    2:00:57 that anyway, all those apology videos that people,
    2:01:00 and I said, I’m going to make a fake apology video.
    2:01:03 And the reason being is everyone’s going to get gotten by it
    2:01:05 and they’re going to share it with their friends.
    2:01:06 He’ll get gotten by it.
    2:01:08 They’ll just say, hey, watch this.
    2:01:10 And then you’ll be, oh no, Sanderson, what’s up with him?
    2:01:13 And we’ll tap into that sort of horror mentality that watch
    2:01:17 a train wreck, car wreck, people, you know, want to slow down.
    2:01:19 If they think something, Brandon’s going to announce
    2:01:22 something terrible and then I hit them instead of it being
    2:01:24 another terrible COVID thing.
    2:01:26 It was, there’s four surprise books.
    2:01:29 You get this delightful thing in your life instead.
    2:01:32 And I knew this would go viral.
    2:01:33 I just knew it would.
    2:01:37 They were scared of it because they’re like, this, you know,
    2:01:39 sounds like you have like cancer or something.
    2:01:41 And that’s not something to make fun of.
    2:01:43 And I’m like, yes, it is not, I agree.
    2:01:46 But at the same time, I knew it would work.
    2:01:50 I am a storyteller and that’s a video with a story.
    2:01:51 Right?
    2:01:53 Like I live for the reveal.
    2:01:57 If people read my books, you will tell I live for that ending
    2:01:59 where I’ve been distracting with something
    2:02:01 and then I pull out that surprise.
    2:02:03 I love the great twist.
    2:02:06 I love the really good complication that you’re not expecting.
    2:02:09 I love when a story comes together right at the end.
    2:02:11 And that video did it.
    2:02:15 And it announced a Kickstarter for four secret books.
    2:02:20 We did not expect to go to $41 million.
    2:02:25 We were hoping to get to around seven to 10 like we’d done before.
    2:02:27 But that escaped velocity of attention.
    2:02:28 Right?
    2:02:33 I suddenly, it’s the first time in my life where suddenly people
    2:02:37 are paying attention who are not in my circle of influence,
    2:02:38 who don’t read Epic Fantasy.
    2:02:40 Suddenly news stories are everywhere.
    2:02:42 Everyone’s talking about it.
    2:02:46 I get interviewed by like, you know, legit news media.
    2:02:49 And the closest I had ever gotten to that was the Wheel of Time
    2:02:50 way back when.
    2:02:52 And even then, no one really interviewed me.
    2:02:53 Yeah, which we’ll come back to.
    2:02:55 I did appear on Colbert Report.
    2:02:56 That’s a big one.
    2:03:01 Well, my face appeared.
    2:03:02 Does that count?
    2:03:03 I think that counts.
    2:03:07 So Stephen Colbert had a piece on Zeppelins
    2:03:08 because he was in character.
    2:03:09 This is Colbert Report.
    2:03:10 Yeah.
    2:03:12 About how much he hates Zeppelins or whatever.
    2:03:15 And he holds up because USA Today had done a thing on Zeppelins
    2:03:17 and he holds up a USA Today page.
    2:03:18 And there’s my little picture.
    2:03:21 Because doofus takes over Wheel of Time.
    2:03:23 It’s like the bottom story on the page, below the fold.
    2:03:25 And there’s this giant Zeppelins story.
    2:03:27 And he holds it up and he points at Zeppelins.
    2:03:28 And then there’s me.
    2:03:30 My face was on the Colbert Report.
    2:03:31 It’s pixelated.
    2:03:32 You can barely tell.
    2:03:33 But you appeared.
    2:03:34 But I appeared.
    2:03:35 Yeah.
    2:03:36 As seen on.
    2:03:37 As seen on Stephen Colbert.
    2:03:39 Brad and Sanderson.
    2:03:41 My claim thing.
    2:03:43 My fans all tweeted me.
    2:03:45 This is way back in like 2009.
    2:03:46 It was 2007.
    2:03:48 It was right where the Wheel of Time happened.
    2:03:53 So when you look at this record breaking success.
    2:03:55 This Kickstarter.
    2:04:01 Were there aspects of it or packages that just outperformed
    2:04:03 all expectations?
    2:04:04 Yeah.
    2:04:06 It was the main tier.
    2:04:08 The buy everything tier.
    2:04:09 So we did it.
    2:04:12 Again, I like to have people be able to self-select it.
    2:04:16 And so there was a relatively inexpensive e-book and audio
    2:04:18 book bundle that you got together.
    2:04:23 And I think it was $15 each for those.
    2:04:24 Okay.
    2:04:28 So each book in the audio e-book combo was $15.
    2:04:29 $15.
    2:04:30 Yep.
    2:04:33 Which is about the price of an Audible credit.
    2:04:34 Plus you get the e-book.
    2:04:35 Sure.
    2:04:36 We thought that was.
    2:04:38 So for $60 you got all four books on that.
    2:04:42 And then the high end we did, you get all four books in our
    2:04:43 nice editions.
    2:04:46 They’re not leather bound, but they’re like a $55 price
    2:04:47 point.
    2:04:48 We sold them at $40 on this.
    2:04:52 Plus a box every month of Brandon Sanderson swag.
    2:04:54 Of just magical swag.
    2:04:55 For how long?
    2:04:56 For a year.
    2:04:57 For a year.
    2:04:58 Yeah.
    2:05:00 I like the idea of subscription boxes, but I have a problem
    2:05:04 with them in that they, there was the big subscription box
    2:05:06 craze of the late teens.
    2:05:09 And I feel like their incentive was misplaced.
    2:05:11 They wanted to keep you going as long as they could.
    2:05:14 Because of that, they will stretch out the cool objects.
    2:05:16 They will run out of steam.
    2:05:19 And Adam actually in our company pitched, why don’t we do a
    2:05:20 subscription box?
    2:05:23 And I’ve always been hesitant because I feel like you eventually
    2:05:26 end up with too much crap you don’t want.
    2:05:28 But I went to the team and I said, what if we did eight
    2:05:29 boxes?
    2:05:30 Four books and eight boxes.
    2:05:32 So across a year you get a book every quarter.
    2:05:35 And then you get two boxes of swag.
    2:05:37 And we just make that swag awesome.
    2:05:39 We put all of our best ideas into it.
    2:05:42 We make eight really killer boxes and then we’re done.
    2:05:45 We don’t ask people to subscribe for longer.
    2:05:48 We just, you got your cool boxes of interesting stuff.
    2:05:51 And that just went great.
    2:05:53 What was the price point for that?
    2:05:55 So those were 40 bucks each, I think also.
    2:05:58 So it’s the idea is that it’s $40 a month.
    2:06:00 For those months you get a book.
    2:06:04 And then eight of those months you get a $40 box.
    2:06:06 That has other cool stuff in it.
    2:06:08 And $40 was a high enough price point.
    2:06:10 We could make some really quality cool things.
    2:06:12 So it’s like just under 500 bucks for that.
    2:06:13 Yep.
    2:06:17 And that one, that tier was, I believe, our biggest tier.
    2:06:19 If it wasn’t that one, it was the tier of just all the
    2:06:21 books in their high, those editions.
    2:06:24 Those two were the ones that just went gangbusters.
    2:06:27 Almost nobody bought the lower tiers.
    2:06:28 Did that surprise you?
    2:06:29 Yeah.
    2:06:30 That surprised me.
    2:06:31 But again, everyone’s happy.
    2:06:32 They all get a self-select.
    2:06:36 How do you explain that based on what you said earlier,
    2:06:39 which is that you only hit 5% to 10% of your audience
    2:06:43 and you had 30% to 40% newbies going for the gold?
    2:06:45 I mean, that just strikes me as so unexpected.
    2:06:46 Yeah.
    2:06:48 I think part of it is, I would guess,
    2:06:52 the majority of that 30% to 40% were people who had heard of me
    2:06:54 and had not tried me yet.
    2:06:55 Right?
    2:06:57 I wasn’t grabbing people who had never, you know,
    2:06:58 that didn’t ever read.
    2:07:00 But it was people who had friends that say,
    2:07:01 “Hey, Brandon Sanderson.”
    2:07:03 And these four books were all starter books.
    2:07:05 They were all meant, even the fourth one,
    2:07:08 which is kind of tied into things, to be books you could just
    2:07:11 pick up and read without knowing any of my other things.
    2:07:13 And to this day, Tress of the Emerald Sea,
    2:07:16 you want to hear weird stuff, another tangent.
    2:07:17 Love weird stuff.
    2:07:18 Tress of the Emerald Sea.
    2:07:21 You would think I have plumbed the depths of my audience,
    2:07:24 right, doing this Kickstarter, $45 million,
    2:07:28 shipped out 150,000 copies of that book, right,
    2:07:31 with the Kickstarter and all said and done.
    2:07:35 That is my best-selling book through an edition,
    2:07:40 but from the publisher after Mistborn and Stormlight Archive.
    2:07:42 After the first books of those, not even the sequels,
    2:07:45 like, after Mistborn 1 and Stormlight 1,
    2:07:48 Tress of the Emerald Sea, that book sells as much.
    2:07:49 It’s really comparable.
    2:07:51 They’re the weeks where it kind of beats them.
    2:07:55 So this book that you would think we’d sold to everybody,
    2:07:57 the publisher releases an edition expecting,
    2:07:59 well, there’s not much, but we’ll have it on the shelves,
    2:08:04 becomes their third best-selling Sanderson book of all time.
    2:08:05 How do you explain that?
    2:08:08 It’s because it’s that escape philosophy of attention.
    2:08:10 People hear about you.
    2:08:13 They want to try you out, but they don’t know where to start
    2:08:16 or there’s so many things and something cuts through.
    2:08:18 People can say, “Tress is a great place to start.”
    2:08:20 Book talk really likes Tress.
    2:08:24 It talks about and says, “Great place to start on Sanderson.
    2:08:26 A little bit more romantic, a little bit more whimsical.
    2:08:29 It fits with what a lot of people like on book talk.”
    2:08:31 So they buy it even though.
    2:08:33 So it’s really interesting.
    2:08:35 The starter books do sell the best.
    2:08:38 Anyway, we’re going back to, we released this thing
    2:08:41 and those are the ones like people want.
    2:08:43 They’ve heard of me.
    2:08:45 They say, “Well, I’ll try this thing.”
    2:08:47 And they become part of something.
    2:08:49 And so they all buy in and then there’s that thing.
    2:08:51 We call it the year of Sanderson.
    2:08:53 And we started shipping these boxes out
    2:08:55 and people got their boxes and their books
    2:08:57 and it was wonderful.
    2:09:00 It was the best year of my life, right?
    2:09:01 It’s incredible.
    2:09:02 It’s so incredible.
    2:09:04 So I have a question about the four times 25 people,
    2:09:05 the test readers.
    2:09:06 Yeah.
    2:09:08 And this actually ties into some of the questions
    2:09:09 I wanted to ask about Warbreaker.
    2:09:13 But let’s focus on the test readers, the four groups 25.
    2:09:17 When you have a new book of any type,
    2:09:20 do you use 25 to 100 test readers?
    2:09:21 Yeah.
    2:09:22 Okay.
    2:09:26 How do you absorb or evaluate that feedback?
    2:09:30 Because that is, I could foresee that being a lot of feedback.
    2:09:35 I pay my team, my editorial team,
    2:09:39 to condense it into the most relevant information.
    2:09:43 So this is a big difference to me and a lot of writers
    2:09:46 is I look at books a little bit
    2:09:50 like Hollywood looks at movies with test audiences.
    2:09:53 I want to know what my audience is going to say
    2:09:55 about a book before I release it.
    2:09:57 Sometimes it’ll change what I write.
    2:09:58 Often it will.
    2:09:59 Sometimes it won’t.
    2:10:00 I just want to know.
    2:10:02 I want to understand how it’s going to perform,
    2:10:04 what people are going to think of it.
    2:10:07 And a lot of writers do this with a couple of early readers.
    2:10:09 I find that doesn’t give me an actual test audience.
    2:10:12 It doesn’t give me the pulse of an audience.
    2:10:17 I need like 20 to 30, if not 40 to 50 people reading it.
    2:10:20 Even that’s just a tiny percentage of the audience.
    2:10:22 But it’s been really key to me.
    2:10:26 It started when I was nobody before I sold for an agent,
    2:10:27 for an editor.
    2:10:29 I actually sold to an editor before I got an agent.
    2:10:30 So I’m reverse.
    2:10:34 But back before I had any of that and I was ahead of that magazine,
    2:10:38 I started using those readers and passing out my books.
    2:10:41 And I would print off physical copies because this is the late 90s.
    2:10:45 And I would have a pack of gel pens of different colors.
    2:10:48 And I’d say, pick a color, write your name and that color.
    2:10:50 So I know who’s writing the comment.
    2:10:53 Read through the book and write your feedback all in that color.
    2:10:56 Go ahead and respond to what other people have written.
    2:10:59 And they would pass around my friends and they would all take a different color.
    2:11:03 And you’d have these conversations on the margins about what people thought of certain scenes.
    2:11:06 And I saw that and I’m like, this is really handy.
    2:11:10 Did you ask for particular types of feedback to focus it?
    2:11:14 So what I want is just, I don’t want people to fix the book.
    2:11:19 I want people to give their descriptive responses to the book.
    2:11:22 If you were just reading this as a professionally published thing,
    2:11:23 where are the places you’re bored?
    2:11:25 Where are the places you’re confused?
    2:11:27 Where are the places that you’re standing up and sharing?
    2:11:30 Where are the places that, you know, where are you engaged?
    2:11:32 Where are you not engaged?
    2:11:34 Just what are you enjoying?
    2:11:35 Don’t tell me what’s wrong.
    2:11:37 Don’t tell me what to fix.
    2:11:43 Tell me what where you’re bored and tell me where you’re confused.
    2:11:47 Tell me where you’re excited and tell me where you’re turning the pages so fast
    2:11:51 you have to come back and write your feedback because you don’t want to stop to write your feedback.
    2:11:54 And that became really valuable to me.
    2:11:58 And so when we moved beyond that and I was actually published,
    2:12:04 I started making spreadsheets where I’m like, you get the book, go on the spreadsheet
    2:12:09 and go to the chapters tab on the spreadsheet on like a Google sheet
    2:12:12 and go look and respond to what people are saying.
    2:12:15 And if, you know, just make a comment say, I feel this about this chapter
    2:12:17 and then respond to what other people are saying.
    2:12:23 And then each chapter fills up with giant conversations about that chapter,
    2:12:26 almost like you have a book club out there reading the book and having a discussion.
    2:12:29 I mean, you want people to respond to things because it helps you spot patterns.
    2:12:30 Yes.
    2:12:32 Someone’s like, yeah, I started dragging here.
    2:12:34 I didn’t really understand why this character did this.
    2:12:35 And then you have somebody like, yeah, me too.
    2:12:36 Yeah, me too.
    2:12:37 Yeah, exactly.
    2:12:38 They’ll say, no, no, no, it was this.
    2:12:40 And the first one was like, oh, that made sense.
    2:12:41 I went back and read it.
    2:12:46 Like you’ll see emerging where the problems are and where they aren’t.
    2:12:52 And nowadays what we let people do is they just add a checkmark next to it if they agree with it.
    2:12:54 And if they disagree, have them write out why.
    2:12:56 And that’s in a spreadsheet or using something.
    2:12:57 Spread spreadsheet.
    2:12:58 We use Google Sheets.
    2:13:00 And no, no, we started using an actual program.
    2:13:08 Peter, who’s head of editorial was like, we need an actual program that’s a little that’s secure and that can track.
    2:13:12 Like people will write a line number where they have their comment now and stuff.
    2:13:17 So we actually use a program, but sometimes we still use Google Sheets for kind of what we call it.
    2:13:19 Is that program an off the shelf program that?
    2:13:24 One of my beta readers, which is what we call these people worked for the company and pitched it to us.
    2:13:27 And the name of it’s escaping me right now.
    2:13:28 I can find out what it is.
    2:13:29 We can figure it out.
    2:13:31 Maybe put it in the show notes if we can find it.
    2:13:36 So part of the reason I’m asking is that I started working on this book six, seven years ago.
    2:13:37 Is this your fantasy?
    2:13:38 No.
    2:13:39 No, this is a different book.
    2:13:44 This is an entire book on saying no and basically finding clarity in a world of noise.
    2:13:46 It’s a really good book to write.
    2:13:47 And I started working on it.
    2:13:49 It’s the first book I ever shelved.
    2:13:51 I was like, you know what?
    2:13:53 I’m not quite ready to write this.
    2:13:56 And I canceled the contract return the biggest advance that I’ve ever received.
    2:13:58 And now I’m working on it.
    2:14:05 But I’ve found myself just paying attention energetically to what’s energizing me or draining me.
    2:14:07 The idea of serial release.
    2:14:08 Yeah.
    2:14:09 That’s really big.
    2:14:10 Because I’ve never done it.
    2:14:11 I’ve never done it.
    2:14:16 And that raises a whole lot of questions, which is one of the reasons I wanted to talk about Warbreaker.
    2:14:17 Yeah.
    2:14:20 And releasing early drafts for free on the website with Creative Commons.
    2:14:23 Let’s go to that and just saying, let me finish what I do with the beta reading.
    2:14:24 Yeah, yeah.
    2:14:26 I give all that to my team.
    2:14:30 I go read the end of part summaries and the end of book summaries.
    2:14:31 They take the rest.
    2:14:32 They distill it.
    2:14:37 And then they actually put it into a copy of the book, the manuscript, just interstitials.
    2:14:38 They said this at this point.
    2:14:39 They said this at this point.
    2:14:44 So I never even have to go to the document except to read like end of part one.
    2:14:45 What are people’s general responses?
    2:14:48 And these are comments in a word doc or something like that.
    2:14:50 Comments in a word doc just in track changes.
    2:14:51 Yeah.
    2:14:52 So that I see.
    2:14:56 Here’s a big discussion that happened here.
    2:15:00 They only take like 10 to 20% of it and put it in.
    2:15:03 What are the criteria for selection?
    2:15:05 They’re only taking 10 to 20%.
    2:15:08 It’s Peter and Karen and they know me really well.
    2:15:09 Yeah.
    2:15:11 These are people that I’ve worked with since college.
    2:15:12 Yeah.
    2:15:13 Okay.
    2:15:14 And so it’s over time.
    2:15:16 And I will star and say, this is a good comment.
    2:15:19 This is one that I, you know, they handle editorial.
    2:15:22 They’ll see what I revise and what I don’t.
    2:15:25 And they’ll know in the future, watch for this.
    2:15:28 And do remember, I’m going and looking at the end of part and reading all of
    2:15:29 people’s general comments.
    2:15:31 So this is just for a given chapter.
    2:15:35 If there’s a speed bump or something like that, but they, they figured it out.
    2:15:40 And then looking at war breaker, why did you release it in the way that you released it?
    2:15:42 Maybe you just describe how you went about it.
    2:15:43 Yeah.
    2:15:46 So war breaker happened after I wrote the Mistborn trilogy.
    2:15:52 And I was chatting with Corey Doctro, kind of a famous tech blogger and creative
    2:15:54 commons advocate.
    2:15:57 Every interaction with Corey has been really positive.
    2:15:59 Like super class act.
    2:16:01 I was once at the Hugo awards.
    2:16:05 And this is the end of like the Academy Awards in sci-fi fantasy.
    2:16:10 And I was nominated and you get a little pin if you’re nominated to wear around in
    2:16:11 your lapel.
    2:16:13 And I didn’t know that was in my basket.
    2:16:14 I didn’t know is there.
    2:16:15 He sighed and have mine.
    2:16:16 I’m like, Oh, I don’t have my pen.
    2:16:18 And he took off because he, he had several.
    2:16:22 You wear any that you, any nominations you’ve had during that night.
    2:16:25 And so he took off one of his hands and he just pinned it on me.
    2:16:26 You know, that’s kind of a class act.
    2:16:27 Corey is.
    2:16:34 So I was talking to him and he really believes and believed that attention is
    2:16:39 people’s most valuable commodity, not their money, their attention.
    2:16:44 If you can get their attention, you will eventually be able to in some ways get money
    2:16:47 from that audience to support yourself because start with the attention.
    2:16:49 And this was really smart.
    2:16:53 He released all of his books in the creative comments and he’s a big advocate for that.
    2:16:58 I realized at the time I had Mistborn coming out and this was right when Wheel of Time
    2:16:59 was being announced.
    2:17:00 It was way back when it’s 2007.
    2:17:04 So I wrote a lot of the book, but there are parts I hadn’t written.
    2:17:10 So the idea was I started releasing the chapters just on forums to let people give feedback
    2:17:16 to me, trying a serialized version of the book with the main goal being see how an audience
    2:17:21 online gives feedback different from my beta readers, but also to have a chance to kind
    2:17:23 of bring my audience together into one place.
    2:17:26 And then when it was done, I released the book under the creative comments.
    2:17:30 Partially as an experiment, how does this impact giving away the book for free?
    2:17:33 How does this impact the sales of the commercial edition?
    2:17:36 I wanted data on that.
    2:17:40 And the data says doesn’t really impact it.
    2:17:44 It sells just as well as the launchers does, even a little bit better.
    2:17:46 And a launchers wasn’t released in the creative comments.
    2:17:51 So it doesn’t sell as well as Stormlight or Mistborn, but those are my breakouts, you know,
    2:17:53 my standard successes.
    2:17:56 And I don’t think, you know, that has anything to do with it.
    2:17:59 Have you released any books after that with creative comments?
    2:18:00 No, I’m planning.
    2:18:02 I keep wanting to do another one.
    2:18:04 And I haven’t found the right one to do.
    2:18:07 But I am planning to do that at some point.
    2:18:12 How did you find the feedback online in the forums differed from beta testers?
    2:18:13 It was about the same.
    2:18:14 It was?
    2:18:15 It really was.
    2:18:17 But remember, we’ve got an insular audience of superfans at that point.
    2:18:20 That’s the only people paying attention to me in 2007.
    2:18:22 Now it would probably be different.
    2:18:28 But I can get a little bit of that by watching, we do re-release one chapter a week
    2:18:33 or two chapters a week of new books leading up to launch to about a third of the book.
    2:18:38 And I can go read the threads on Reddit about that.
    2:18:41 And they actually mirror the beta readers really closely.
    2:18:42 Amazing.
    2:18:43 It’s really interesting.
    2:18:44 There are a few things.
    2:18:45 This newest book surprised me.
    2:18:47 Only one thing surprised me.
    2:18:55 And that is in the newest book, people are responding to modernized language more than I expected them to.
    2:18:56 What do you mean by that?
    2:18:57 Epic fantasy.
    2:18:59 You walk this line in epic fantasy.
    2:19:02 Do you use OK or do you use all right?
    2:19:08 And I’ve been moving the Stormlight Archive toward modern language across the course of the novels
    2:19:12 as we’re preparing to kind of go a little bit more, what we call mage punk,
    2:19:14 a little more modern for the next one.
    2:19:15 Mage punk.
    2:19:16 I’ve never heard that.
    2:19:17 That’s great.
    2:19:18 It’s not my term.
    2:19:23 It’s just what people kind of call when fantasy magic becomes technology.
    2:19:30 So if you watch any sort of film or thing where you have ships powered by a magical technology,
    2:19:33 they will call that mage pex tech and arcane.
    2:19:34 Arcane is mage punk.
    2:19:37 That’s the straight up subgenre of that.
    2:19:39 So I was taken by surprise on that.
    2:19:41 People are kind of responding against that.
    2:19:48 And I think this could just be like people want more sincerity in their media nowadays.
    2:19:51 I think they’re tired of media being cynical.
    2:19:53 And this is a sign.
    2:19:57 Maybe I don’t think it went cynical, but this is like a danger sign of that.
    2:20:00 So they’re like, you know, they’re like, they would like me to pull back.
    2:20:03 They want me to call it courting instead of dating, right?
    2:20:06 And just kind of stay a little bit more with that fantasy feel.
    2:20:07 That one took me by surprise.
    2:20:09 My beta readers didn’t spot that.
    2:20:11 Everything else in those threads were things.
    2:20:18 My beta reader spotted that I either, you know, that I’d left because I felt this was integral to the narrative I’m telling.
    2:20:21 If it’s negative, it’s all right for it to be negative.
    2:20:23 This is the piece of art, right?
    2:20:29 Some people don’t like Impressionist, but you can’t make Impressionism better by not being Impressionist.
    2:20:32 Each piece of art is going to have things like that.
    2:20:33 Quick question.
    2:20:42 When you’re releasing, say chapter by chapter, up to a third of a new book, what is your cadence of releasing those chapters?
    2:20:43 Is it once per week?
    2:20:45 Once per week is what we’ve been doing.
    2:20:50 I could see value in twice a week, but once a week, everyone gets the other.
    2:20:52 The threads on Reddit are really cool.
    2:20:54 Where do you release those chapters?
    2:20:57 We release them on TOR’s website, TOR’s publicity website.
    2:21:01 Right now it’s called Reactor, used to be TOR.com.
    2:21:04 And that’s a good place for them.
    2:21:09 Why not release them on your own site or in some other way?
    2:21:10 So yeah, good question.
    2:21:13 So there’s arguments for that.
    2:21:18 The thing about it is we’ve found over time, personal websites are important,
    2:21:25 but they’re much less important than social media or aggregate websites in today’s mind economy.
    2:21:26 What do you mean by aggregate websites?
    2:21:38 So TOR’s website is a website that just has posts every day, things like shared blogs or places you go to that find a whole bunch of articles.
    2:21:39 Right.
    2:21:43 What we’ve found is, for instance, people will come to me to buy their print books.
    2:21:46 They will not come to me to buy their ebooks.
    2:21:49 We had an ebook store, maybe we’ll put it back up.
    2:21:51 And we might even have a few that we’re selling now.
    2:21:53 We sell in the tens of copies of my ebooks.
    2:21:55 People like their platform.
    2:21:58 They want to have a Kindle and buy the books on their Kindle, which makes perfect sense.
    2:22:04 They do not want to go somewhere else, buy an ebook and load it to the Kindle, even if it’s cheaper somewhere else.
    2:22:07 Those who control the platform control the world.
    2:22:08 You control the space.
    2:22:11 Well, here it’s you control the platform.
    2:22:12 That’s why Amazon did what it did.
    2:22:23 That’s why Amazon worked so hard to make Kindle a thing, even going so far as to pay out millions and millions in dollars in order to try to corner that market and gain that mind share of going to Kindle.
    2:22:26 I don’t mind TOR trying to turn their website into that.
    2:22:28 It helps other authors.
    2:22:30 Fans get used to going there.
    2:22:31 Yeah, that’s great.
    2:22:34 No, it’s like the tech world, like the hacker news.
    2:22:36 Yeah, stuff like that.
    2:22:38 And we link to it on my website.
    2:22:40 It’s not like it’s not there.
    2:22:41 So I don’t have a big problem.
    2:22:44 We might have even double posted them on my website.
    2:22:45 I can’t remember.
    2:22:47 But normally we just do them on TOR.
    2:22:49 But you said something I want to ask you about.
    2:22:50 Sure.
    2:22:56 Tell me if this is if this is tread day, if we want to tread lightly or if this is, but you’d still take advances.
    2:23:01 Well, so I took advances on my past books.
    2:23:04 I considered profit share agreements.
    2:23:14 And actually, when I was beginning to consider rebooting, you know, dusting off and rebooting that book that I’d had on the back shelf.
    2:23:20 I spoke with a number of larger publishers who as humans, I liked a lot.
    2:23:27 And they on the phone were very enthusiastic about doing some type of very generous profit share agreement.
    2:23:33 And then they sent me the contracts and there was so much Hollywood accounting that I found it to be insulting.
    2:23:38 I’m like, all right, so there’s this X percentage double digit distribution fee.
    2:23:44 And then there’s a promotional fee that is in perpetuity, even though they’re not going to do very much promotion.
    2:23:49 And maybe that’s for two to four weeks if they do any, but then they’re going to move on to their new roster.
    2:24:01 And I just found the deal structure is so generally insulting that if I ran the math, I realized this is not that much better than the traditional deals that I’ve been selling.
    2:24:05 But I’m foregoing the advance not because I don’t have confidence in the books.
    2:24:13 But I like having publishers experience some sunk cost so that they’re incentivized with loss aversion.
    2:24:14 But there is that argument.
    2:24:18 But at this point with the new book, I’m not planning on doing any of that.
    2:24:25 And the field is wide open to the experimentation that I could do.
    2:24:32 And I haven’t figured it out. I’ve thought about keeping audio and e-book although I’ll come back to that.
    2:24:33 I’d love your perspective on this.
    2:24:38 And then maybe doing a print only deal because I do not have as you do the sort of facilities.
    2:24:45 I’m almost perfectly happy to farm that out with an appropriately specced agreement.
    2:24:47 The deal terms need to make sense.
    2:24:54 But then there are even arguments for me to say license with a reversion of rights.
    2:24:55 I think that’s the point.
    2:24:59 Hugh Howie is so smart with this.
    2:25:05 And as you noted before, I used to have an audiobook club with Audible.
    2:25:09 This was back in the day with ACX when you get up to like 75% royalties.
    2:25:10 Before they killed that?
    2:25:11 Yeah.
    2:25:22 And I understand as a business, as you have more and more, as you amass more and more critical mass in terms of control of a market,
    2:25:27 and then change your compensation scheme with royalties.
    2:25:32 But as soon as it got to the point where it’s like, OK, I’m going to max out at whatever it is, 25, 35.
    2:25:36 This is no longer worth the time that I would put into it, so I stopped doing it.
    2:25:40 So I’ve thought about keeping audio and e-book.
    2:25:41 I’m still considering it.
    2:25:47 But the fact of the matter is it seems like larger publishers have negotiated superior deal terms.
    2:25:54 So even, no, OK, that’s the pitch that I keep getting, which is even if you get a lower percentage of the total,
    2:25:58 the absolute dollars you’re still going to make more because blah, blah, blah, blah, blah.
    2:26:05 So this is all very current for me, but I don’t care about advance at this point in my life.
    2:26:09 So what they’re saying on audiobooks has some truth.
    2:26:10 Yeah.
    2:26:11 Not true on e-books.
    2:26:12 Yeah.
    2:26:21 So I’ll just say you there, though, there is one thing that the New York publishers get away with in e-books that you can’t get on your own.
    2:26:24 Even I have not been able to fight them down on this.
    2:26:27 They will let the New York publishers charge more than $10.
    2:26:29 Yeah.
    2:26:32 And so there is that.
    2:26:33 This is on e-books.
    2:26:34 On e-books.
    2:26:35 Yeah.
    2:26:36 On audio.
    2:26:38 So this can get technical and nerdy.
    2:26:39 Yeah, let’s do it.
    2:26:40 I like technical and nerdy.
    2:26:46 So on e-books, basically the publisher is getting 70% of price.
    2:26:47 It’s $10.
    2:26:49 They’re getting seven bucks sent to them.
    2:26:57 As an indie author, it’s doing it yourself, you will get seven bucks, but they will take out a tiny distribution fee at Amazon, which is super annoying.
    2:26:59 If you have a lot of artwork, it can get higher.
    2:27:05 Usually it’s only like 10, 15 cents, but they will take that out where they don’t for the New York publishers.
    2:27:06 So that’s one of the big differences.
    2:27:10 The other thing is, they’ll let the New York publisher charge $14.99 for their book.
    2:27:11 You, they will only let charge $10.
    2:27:15 If you go over $10, they’ll only give you a 20% instead of a 70% royalty.
    2:27:17 They really need to then that or break that.
    2:27:20 They want to keep you between $2.99 and $9.99.
    2:27:21 Yep.
    2:27:27 So if your book is priced at $9.99, as an e-book, there is almost no incentive to go to New York.
    2:27:34 Audio books, New York has negotiated all of their payments from Audible based on cover price of the book.
    2:27:40 So they can change the cover price of the book and get different things going on.
    2:27:43 But almost everything on Audible sells by credit.
    2:27:50 And getting out of the publishers, how much they get off of a credit is like pulling teeth.
    2:27:56 Getting out of Audible, how much you earn off of a credit is like pulling teeth because in their sense,
    2:28:02 and this is the big problem with audio books, I don’t like that you are the customer of Audible,
    2:28:04 not the customer of the authors.
    2:28:08 When you sign up for Audible, and Audible is a great company, don’t get me wrong.
    2:28:13 They made huge advances in audio book, distribution, readability.
    2:28:16 They’ve improved that market quite a bit.
    2:28:18 They are a net positive for everyone.
    2:28:24 But they control so much of the market that they are able to do some of these practices that we talked about.
    2:28:28 But beyond that, people sign up for a subscription fee.
    2:28:36 This is partially Apple’s fault, Apple and Google, because if you buy an audio book through Audible’s app,
    2:28:40 Google and Apple want to take 30% of that.
    2:28:44 And the publishers don’t want to do that.
    2:28:46 30% is egregious. It’s insane.
    2:28:49 There’s all sorts of lawsuits going on that, you know, them taking that much.
    2:28:53 But because of that, they do the subscription service.
    2:28:55 So you sign up for the subscription on their website.
    2:28:57 Google or Apple get none.
    2:28:59 You get a credit every month. You can spend a credit.
    2:29:01 None of that credit goes because it’s by credit.
    2:29:04 But then that turns all the audience into subscribers to Audible.
    2:29:08 So if Audible stops carrying a book, people just stop buying it.
    2:29:13 Once again, he who controls the spice, he who controls the platform, controls everything.
    2:29:17 Which means that they get to say, well, it’s a credit.
    2:29:18 What is a credit?
    2:29:20 Well, a credit is divided this way.
    2:29:23 And we give out this many free books as part of the promotions with credits.
    2:29:26 And so that plays into it. And some of the credits go for books like this.
    2:29:31 And so they have this huge spreadsheet that to their credit, credit, I’m saying credit too much,
    2:29:35 they have started being more open with how that spreadsheet works for us.
    2:29:37 And we can plug in the numbers and see that.
    2:29:40 They only started doing that in the last year as we push them.
    2:29:45 But it turns out that there’s all this Tenanigans, they get $15.
    2:29:50 And after all our work and things, we get on average like four bucks out of that 15.
    2:29:56 The publishers do have something where they’re getting a little bit more.
    2:30:02 But at the end of the day, I earn more this way than I do with the publishers.
    2:30:09 Even though the publishers can make up for it a little bit by having certain weird deals on what they get paid.
    2:30:15 At the end of the day, I really wish we could push audiobooks into that transparent.
    2:30:19 You get 70% of that 15 bucks is what should go to the author.
    2:30:22 Or certain percentage of that to the author, certain percentage of the reader.
    2:30:25 Narrators don’t get royalties, which is kind of a thing.
    2:30:30 And I just really wish we could pierce that and make it happen, but we haven’t been able to.
    2:30:35 So it sounds like if I’m hearing you correctly, your advice would be to hold on to it to yourself.
    2:30:37 So it depends.
    2:30:39 But ebook, yes.
    2:30:44 I have found that my system that I have, which is a profit share,
    2:30:52 and we took a sledgehammer to that contract that you got offered and eventually got it to a place where it was good.
    2:30:56 It’s really close to a straight up profit share.
    2:31:01 There’s a few little Hollywood accounting things they do, but they have to account them very clearly.
    2:31:10 And we end up doing with our profit share 10 to 20% better than we used to do as much as 50% better in some cases.
    2:31:11 That’s not trivial.
    2:31:14 So I could actually get those actual numbers.
    2:31:16 I should get them and see.
    2:31:20 But it’s significant what we’re making more with the profit share.
    2:31:22 But my best thing has been trust.
    2:31:24 They took a print-only deal.
    2:31:26 I have ebook and audiobook.
    2:31:29 And I have a profit share on the print with them.
    2:31:33 And then the ebook and audiobook, the ebook straight up is better.
    2:31:39 The audiobook, we make more, but we would make almost the same with the publisher.
    2:31:43 And are you just interfacing directly with Amazon platforms for the–
    2:31:46 Amazon and everyone else doing my best.
    2:31:50 Amazon would pay us better if we put them only on Amazon, but I refuse.
    2:31:52 And that’s one of the reasons the publishers deal.
    2:31:54 It’s a little better.
    2:31:59 Amazon gives them the deal that they give if you’re exclusive to Amazon.
    2:32:02 As an indie, they were forced to be exclusive to get the good deal.
    2:32:05 They give that deal to the publishers, but they can be on everything.
    2:32:08 It’s all so messy, right?
    2:32:10 This is all in the weeds.
    2:32:12 But here’s the takeaway.
    2:32:17 The power is in two people’s hands right now.
    2:32:20 It’s in the creators and the platform controllers.
    2:32:23 It’s not in New York’s hand anymore.
    2:32:27 And that’s in some ways bad because those are good people.
    2:32:31 I think most creatives in the audio industry hate their business.
    2:32:36 Most authors are pretty, like you said, the people are good.
    2:32:40 The contracts sometimes you have to take a sledgehammer to,
    2:32:43 but I generally don’t mind New York.
    2:32:48 They generally, I think, try to treat authors well.
    2:32:52 But in this new world, we control the content.
    2:32:57 And if you can figure out how to control your platform also, then that’s king.
    2:33:02 But you as a content creator, I think, should be looking at the platforms
    2:33:05 and learning how to manipulate all the different platforms
    2:33:09 so that you can have the best world you can.
    2:33:11 So that’s where we live right now.
    2:33:15 So let’s go back to the list of your inflection points for a second
    2:33:18 because I’ve made promises I want to keep with my listeners.
    2:33:24 Namely, so we have Mistborn, Wheel of Time, Leatherbound,
    2:33:26 and then the COVID Kickstarter.
    2:33:28 We have not covered the Wheel of Time.
    2:33:31 So for people who don’t even recognize the name,
    2:33:36 what is this and then how did you end up becoming involved?
    2:33:39 So I talked about the three kind of genres of fantasy.
    2:33:42 For the ’90s and early 2000s,
    2:33:47 the flag bearer of the best-selling epic fantasy was the Wheel of Time.
    2:33:50 It was eventually dethroned by Game of Thrones
    2:33:52 when the television show for Game of Thrones came out.
    2:33:55 Until the television show, Wheel of Time was the top.
    2:34:00 Beyond that, Robert Jordan got sick in the early 2000s
    2:34:02 with a rare blood disease.
    2:34:08 And because of this, his book releases slowed down quite a bit.
    2:34:11 And that’s when Game of Thrones was taking off.
    2:34:14 But for most of, you know, for all of my childhood,
    2:34:18 Wheel of Time was the kind of flag bearer for epic fantasy.
    2:34:20 It was the heir to Tolkien, so to speak.
    2:34:24 And selling millions of copies, doing really, really well.
    2:34:27 And he got sick.
    2:34:29 It was really positive.
    2:34:32 But then in 2007, he passed away,
    2:34:34 having left his series unfinished.
    2:34:37 And I was a fan of this series.
    2:34:40 I had grown up reading it. It was one of my favorites.
    2:34:44 And I did not know him or his wife.
    2:34:46 His wife was his editor.
    2:34:48 It’s actually really fun.
    2:34:50 She was his editor before she was his wife.
    2:34:52 And so I always joke that that’s a good way
    2:34:54 to make sure your editorial direction gets taken.
    2:34:56 You marry your author.
    2:34:58 She had discovered him in Charleston,
    2:35:00 where she had moved away from the big city.
    2:35:02 She was TOR’s editorial director.
    2:35:04 She kind of helped Tom Doherty build TOR.
    2:35:06 She’s the editor, if you guys know your sci-fi fantasy,
    2:35:09 she was the editor of The Book of Swords by Fred Saber-Hagan.
    2:35:11 She’s the editor of the book Ender’s Game.
    2:35:13 Really, really top-notch editor.
    2:35:15 And then she discovered Wheel of Time.
    2:35:19 And so he passes away in 2007.
    2:35:23 And before he passes away, he asks her to find someone
    2:35:25 to finish his series.
    2:35:27 He decides he does want it finished.
    2:35:29 He puts that on her.
    2:35:31 She considered a dying request.
    2:35:33 So 2007 happens.
    2:35:35 And one morning I get up,
    2:35:37 and there’s a voicemail on my phone.
    2:35:39 As we’ve talked about, I get up late,
    2:35:41 and that’s even later for New York, right?
    2:35:45 By the time I get up, it’s 3 p.m. in New York.
    2:35:47 Now, is there something that happened
    2:35:49 before the voice memo or no?
    2:35:51 So there is, but I didn’t know it.
    2:35:54 I get this voice memo from someone I’d never met,
    2:35:56 but I knew by reputation.
    2:35:58 I know every word in inflection.
    2:36:00 All right, let’s hear it.
    2:36:01 So in 200 times.
    2:36:03 Hello, Brandon Sanderson.
    2:36:05 This is Harriet McDougall-Rigney.
    2:36:07 I am Robert Jordan’s widow.
    2:36:09 And I would like you to call me back.
    2:36:11 There’s something I want to talk to you about.
    2:36:13 Just that by itself.
    2:36:17 So I get this voicemail, and I’m like,
    2:36:21 “Robert Jordan’s widow, Harriet McDougall, the editor?”
    2:36:24 Okay, so I call her back, and I don’t get a response.
    2:36:26 She’s out getting a massage.
    2:36:27 I later find.
    2:36:29 So I call my agent.
    2:36:30 No, I call my editor.
    2:36:31 He doesn’t respond.
    2:36:32 He never responded.
    2:36:36 Moshe, he kept ours even weirder than mine
    2:36:39 when he’s still around, but he was my editor.
    2:36:40 He’s retired since then.
    2:36:42 But Moshe, great guy.
    2:36:44 I know this is something that you’ve talked about.
    2:36:46 Bipolar, so they’re huge swaths of time
    2:36:48 where you just couldn’t get ahold of him.
    2:36:50 He’s self-medicated with the History Channel.
    2:36:52 And so sometimes you’d have to find out
    2:36:53 how to get ahold of Moshe.
    2:36:55 And so he didn’t answer, not a big deal.
    2:36:57 Call my agent, he always answers.
    2:37:00 He’s very professional, doesn’t answer.
    2:37:04 So I’m like freaking out, and my wife sees me,
    2:37:07 and I am not a nervous person.
    2:37:11 I’m not a person that emotions strike very powerfully.
    2:37:14 That’s just my own weird neurodivergence.
    2:37:17 I don’t generally feel strong emotions.
    2:37:20 But that day, I’m walking in a circle babbling.
    2:37:22 And she’s like, “What’s going on?”
    2:37:24 I’ve never seen Brandon like this.
    2:37:28 And I’m like, “Robert Jordan’s wife just called me.”
    2:37:30 And she’s like, “What? What do you want?”
    2:37:32 And I’m like, “I don’t know.”
    2:37:35 So I finally call Tor, I reach an editor at Tor,
    2:37:36 who’s one of the managing editors.
    2:37:38 And he says, “Oh, that.
    2:37:40 Yeah, it’s what you think it is.
    2:37:43 I’ll get her to call you back.”
    2:37:45 What do I think it is?
    2:37:47 Well, I knew that I’d written a little thing
    2:37:50 about Robert Jordan on my website a few days earlier,
    2:37:52 just kind of talking about how much he’d meant to me.
    2:37:54 It’s very short, it’s like three paragraphs.
    2:37:57 So I’m like, “Maybe she wants to talk about that.”
    2:38:01 Why would the widow call you to talk about your piece?
    2:38:05 But you’re not wanting to assume anything.
    2:38:07 Again, I didn’t know any of them.
    2:38:09 So she calls me and she says,
    2:38:13 “Well, I’m looking for someone to finish my late husband’s work.
    2:38:16 And I was wondering if you’d be interested.”
    2:38:19 And I literally responded, “Bah!”
    2:38:22 Like, I can talk.
    2:38:23 I’m a talker.
    2:38:24 I could not talk.
    2:38:25 Turned into a sheep.
    2:38:26 I turned into a sheep.
    2:38:28 I actually wrote her an email that night
    2:38:30 after not sleeping all night that said,
    2:38:32 “Dear Harry, I promise I’m not an idiot.”
    2:38:33 That was the first lines.
    2:38:37 I’m like, I couldn’t speak because this is so unexpected.
    2:38:39 And I spent that night thinking, I’m like,
    2:38:42 “Man, if I say yes to this and I screw it up,
    2:38:47 like, we can have seen how major media properties
    2:38:49 have had someone take over for them
    2:38:52 and then maybe not do as quite as good a job
    2:38:54 as the fan bases wanted
    2:38:57 and what that has done perhaps to reputations
    2:38:58 and things like that.”
    2:39:00 And just so we can place this in time,
    2:39:02 where in your career were you?
    2:39:03 This is 2007.
    2:39:05 I only have three books out.
    2:39:06 Maybe two.
    2:39:07 I have two books.
    2:39:08 No, three.
    2:39:09 I have three books out.
    2:39:11 I have Elantris and Mistborn
    2:39:12 and then the first of my kids’ series,
    2:39:14 the ones I discovered, wrote.
    2:39:17 I’m about to go on tour for my second Mistborn novel.
    2:39:19 This is before I’ve blown up.
    2:39:21 I blew up on Mistborn 2.
    2:39:23 We can talk about that moment before.
    2:39:24 That’s the first one.
    2:39:26 Mistborn 2 is where the publisher knew.
    2:39:28 So they didn’t know yet.
    2:39:33 They still thought I was maybe going to be a failure as a writer.
    2:39:35 We’ll get to that.
    2:39:38 So the publisher had not brought my name up to her.
    2:39:41 When she had asked who should finish it.
    2:39:42 Thanks, guys.
    2:39:43 Nobody mentioned me.
    2:39:47 Mistborn had been floundering for reasons we’ll talk about.
    2:39:49 Mistborn had been floundering.
    2:39:51 My name was not mentioned.
    2:39:56 But somebody that day, her name was Elise Matheson,
    2:39:58 and I’m very thankful to her,
    2:40:00 was printing off things on the internet,
    2:40:02 nice things that people had said about Robert Jordan.
    2:40:05 And she printed off my thing and she put it in the stack.
    2:40:09 And that night Harriet read it with the other things.
    2:40:11 And I mentioned that he had influenced my writing.
    2:40:13 And she’s like, well, this is really eloquent.
    2:40:14 He wrote this really well.
    2:40:15 He’s a writer.
    2:40:17 So she called Tom Doherty.
    2:40:19 Were there any lines that stuck out to her?
    2:40:21 It was the last line.
    2:40:23 I wrote something along the lines of you go quietly,
    2:40:25 but you leave us trembling, right?
    2:40:28 Just something, you know, it was…
    2:40:32 And so she calls Tom and says,
    2:40:33 “What about this Brandon Sanderson guy?”
    2:40:35 And he’s like, “Oh, yeah, he’s one of her authors.
    2:40:36 I’ve read one of his books.
    2:40:38 Pretty good. Let me send you one of his books.”
    2:40:40 Because he was super excited it was one of his authors
    2:40:41 she was asking about.
    2:40:44 Because a lot of the names that came up were not his authors.
    2:40:46 The main one that kept coming up was George Martin,
    2:40:48 because he and Robert Jordan were friends.
    2:40:52 Well, George was already behind on his books in 2007.
    2:40:55 And the publishing industry would not stand for him
    2:40:57 taking someone else’s book series.
    2:40:58 Going on a side quest.
    2:40:59 Side quest.
    2:41:02 But a lot of the names that came up were not Tom’s authors.
    2:41:04 And so he’s like, “Oh, it’s one of my authors.”
    2:41:06 And so he sends her missed one.
    2:41:08 And so she’s like,
    2:41:10 “Well, before I read this book,
    2:41:12 I should find out if the young man’s interested.”
    2:41:14 You know, maybe he doesn’t want to do this.
    2:41:16 And so that’s when she called me
    2:41:17 and asked if I was interested.
    2:41:19 And that’s when I bawd like a sheep.
    2:41:21 And then I wrote her that email that night and said,
    2:41:23 “You know, I’ve thought about it a lot.
    2:41:25 I thought if someone’s going to do this
    2:41:27 and it can’t be him, I want it to be me.
    2:41:29 At least I know I’m a fan.”
    2:41:31 Like I always use this Venn diagram, right?
    2:41:35 Venn diagram of pretty good sci-fi fantasy writers
    2:41:37 and pretty big Robert Jordan fans.
    2:41:41 There are bigger Robert Jordan fans out there than me.
    2:41:43 Hardcore by far.
    2:41:46 There are better writers than me, right?
    2:41:48 Terry Pratchett.
    2:41:51 I always call the greatest writer of my generation, right?
    2:41:54 Like, you know, there are amazing writers.
    2:41:56 George is a fantastic writer.
    2:41:58 I would probably rank George
    2:42:00 as the greatest living sci-fi fantasy writer.
    2:42:03 There’s Jane Yolen, who’s just incredible.
    2:42:06 But if you put that Venn diagram together,
    2:42:09 there’s not a lot of people in the middle there
    2:42:11 that are pretty big Robert Jordan fans.
    2:42:14 And I think pretty excellent sci-fi fantasy writers,
    2:42:15 and that was me.
    2:42:17 And so I realized I want it to be me
    2:42:19 because if it doesn’t go to me,
    2:42:21 it might go to someone who’s a good writer
    2:42:23 but doesn’t know the books.
    2:42:26 And so she said, “All right, well, I’m considering.”
    2:42:28 There’s some names I’m considering.
    2:42:31 It was me or George I later found out.
    2:42:33 And when she tells this story, she says,
    2:42:34 “There was really only one.”
    2:42:36 It was Brandon because she knew by then
    2:42:37 she couldn’t have George.
    2:42:39 And so she went and she read Mistborn.
    2:42:42 And then she thought on it.
    2:42:43 She took a month.
    2:42:45 She read Mistborn and thought on it for a month.
    2:42:47 I went on tour not knowing
    2:42:49 if I was going to finish the wheel of time
    2:42:51 and not being able to tell anybody.
    2:42:53 And that’s when Mistborn 2 just exploded.
    2:42:55 And then at the end of that tour,
    2:42:57 she called me and she said, “I want you to do it.”
    2:42:59 Actually, he’s in the middle of the tour
    2:43:00 because I was still on tour
    2:43:02 when she told some of the other people
    2:43:03 it’s because they came and met me.
    2:43:05 So I didn’t have to wait that long.
    2:43:06 It was pretty excruciating.
    2:43:08 It was probably only like two weeks.
    2:43:10 And she calls me and says, “I would like you to do it.”
    2:43:12 And so I call my agent and I say,
    2:43:14 “They’re going to offer us a deal. Take it.”
    2:43:16 And he says, “Well, we’ll negotiate.”
    2:43:18 I’m like, “No, no, no.
    2:43:20 This is just a yes.
    2:43:23 Whatever they offer, you just say yes.”
    2:43:25 And she was very generous.
    2:43:27 It was a good deal right off the bat.
    2:43:28 My agent’s like, “Wow,
    2:43:30 there’s not even really that much to negotiate.”
    2:43:31 He like went to bat.
    2:43:34 He forced me to let him go to bat on like some foreign percentage
    2:43:36 just so agents have to flex their muscles, right?
    2:43:38 But I just said yes.
    2:43:41 And then by December, I had the manuscript.
    2:43:44 And then I got the call in like September, October.
    2:43:48 In the manuscript, he’d written like 50 pages of the final book.
    2:43:49 So.
    2:43:50 Wow. Okay.
    2:43:54 So we could spend, I’m sure, another three hours talking about
    2:43:56 how you pieced everything together and worked on that.
    2:43:59 But I want to pick up on something you said because
    2:44:01 I don’t know anything about it.
    2:44:04 And I’m in the process of reading Miss Born Right Now,
    2:44:05 and I’m ripping through it.
    2:44:07 So when you said it was floundering, I was like,
    2:44:09 “Huh, yeah, that’s interesting.
    2:44:10 Why was it floundering?”
    2:44:13 So when you’re a new author,
    2:44:16 you have a shiny new author glow with your first book.
    2:44:20 And you get picked up a little bit more for reviews.
    2:44:22 You get picked up more by people who are like,
    2:44:24 “Oh, I’ve never heard of this person.”
    2:44:27 There’s a certain demographic of reader who’ll just read a first book
    2:44:29 by an author to try them out.
    2:44:34 That is why generally publishers recommend that you take your first book
    2:44:36 and you write a sequel to it as your second book.
    2:44:40 Because when you jump from a sequel to a different series,
    2:44:42 you lose a percentage of audience.
    2:44:45 And so I had the shiny new author thing.
    2:44:48 We sold about 10,000 copies in hardcover of Elantra,
    2:44:50 which is really good for a debut author.
    2:44:51 It’s even better now.
    2:44:54 Back then it was good. Now it’s fantastic.
    2:44:57 And Tom Doherty called me and was like,
    2:44:58 “Well, we want a sequel to Elantra.”
    2:45:01 And I said, “No, I’ve got this idea of Mistborn
    2:45:02 and I really want to do this.”
    2:45:07 One of my real goals, my powerful goals early on,
    2:45:10 was I wanted to build an audience for me,
    2:45:12 not for a given book series.
    2:45:14 I wanted to write in a lot of different subgenres.
    2:45:16 I wanted to do a lot of different things.
    2:45:20 I wanted the flexibility to do this thing called the Cosmere,
    2:45:22 which is probably bigger than this podcast can get into.
    2:45:25 But if you haven’t read the books, it’s like the MCU,
    2:45:26 but for fantasy.
    2:45:30 And I did this two years before the MCU’s first movie came out.
    2:45:32 It’s where it’s an interconnected universe
    2:45:33 of a whole bunch of different planets
    2:45:35 with all these epic fantasy and there’s characters.
    2:45:38 And MCU is all the Marvel movies.
    2:45:40 All the Marvel movies where you have like,
    2:45:42 and so Mistborn, Elantra, Warbreaker,
    2:45:45 I’ll have one character who’s traveling between these planets
    2:45:47 with a mysterious objective behind the scenes.
    2:45:48 His name is Hoyt.
    2:45:50 And you’ll see him in all three of them.
    2:45:52 He’s a main character in Stormlight then.
    2:45:54 And I wanted to do this big thing
    2:45:56 and I was really ambitious about it
    2:45:58 and I wanted to build something bigger
    2:46:00 than Elantra’s in a sequel.
    2:46:03 And the publisher is like, it’s a bad idea.
    2:46:07 I’m like, it’s a bad idea except it’s investing in my future.
    2:46:12 If I do it right, then when I finish Mistborn
    2:46:13 and go to something else,
    2:46:15 they will follow me to the something else
    2:46:19 because so many authors get trapped in one series.
    2:46:21 We were talking about this before we started recording
    2:46:23 that that was also sort of after the four hour work week.
    2:46:25 And I was like, well, then I can do the three hour work week
    2:46:26 and the two hour work week
    2:46:29 or the four hour work week for single mothers and so on.
    2:46:31 And I was like, no, no, this is a window
    2:46:35 where I can potentially buy my freedom
    2:46:37 to work in a lot of different things.
    2:46:40 And we have the exact same wavelength on that.
    2:46:44 But Tom Doherty, he’s a publisher, not an editor.
    2:46:46 Like his job is to look at the business.
    2:46:47 And he was right.
    2:46:49 So Elantra’s came out, sold 10,000.
    2:46:53 Mistborn 1 comes out in hardcover and it sells fewer.
    2:46:57 The audience that liked Elantra’s certain percentage
    2:46:59 of them just didn’t move to Mistborn
    2:47:00 because it was in the sequel.
    2:47:02 I no longer have the new author, Shiny Glow,
    2:47:05 so that people who are looking for a book are like,
    2:47:06 oh, I saw that before.
    2:47:08 Let’s pick up this other book by a new author.
    2:47:13 So Mistborn’s a stronger book than Elantra’s by many fold.
    2:47:15 Mistborn’s my sixth book, Mistborn’s my 14th.
    2:47:16 I learned a lot.
    2:47:18 It’s still one of the best starting points.
    2:47:21 And so it’s a much stronger book,
    2:47:24 but I get fewer sales.
    2:47:26 They released the paperback and the paperback
    2:47:28 has a dreadful cover.
    2:47:29 I love the illustrator.
    2:47:30 He did the hard covers of all of them.
    2:47:33 But once in a while, the cover just doesn’t click.
    2:47:37 And this cover was one of the worst covers that I’ve had.
    2:47:39 It didn’t click with my audience
    2:47:42 and that paperback came out and just crashed.
    2:47:44 Just completely tanked.
    2:47:47 And that’s the most dangerous point my career has had.
    2:47:48 I was right then thinking,
    2:47:51 I’m going to be a middle grade author writing these kids’ books
    2:47:52 because that’s the only thing.
    2:47:53 That’s the new thing.
    2:47:56 But I went to my agent and we went to the publisher
    2:47:58 and said, we need a new cover.
    2:47:59 This cover is not clicking.
    2:48:01 And we fought and we fought and we fought.
    2:48:04 And I said, remember way back when you released The Wheel of Time,
    2:48:07 you released like a 4.99 version?
    2:48:09 I think it was 3.99 then.
    2:48:11 Do a 4.99 version of Mistborn.
    2:48:14 Let’s jumpstart my career, do a new cover.
    2:48:16 And Tom Doherty, again, to his credit, I had to fight him.
    2:48:20 But he said, yes, we released a new paperback
    2:48:23 a few months before Mistborn 2 with a new cover.
    2:48:25 And that one, boom, it sold.
    2:48:28 Now, there’s this thing in publishing called The Death Spiral.
    2:48:30 Much bigger back in the bookstores.
    2:48:31 It doesn’t sound good.
    2:48:34 If you sell 10,000 of your first book
    2:48:38 and then 8,000 or 7,000 like Mistborn sold,
    2:48:40 what do they order for your third book?
    2:48:41 5,000.
    2:48:42 It’s called The Death Spiral.
    2:48:44 So they ordered like 5,000 copies.
    2:48:47 And then it becomes, it can become a self-fulfilling prophecy, right?
    2:48:48 Self-fulfilling.
    2:48:51 Because you don’t have the exposure in the retail points that you need.
    2:48:53 Then you don’t have the space on the shelf.
    2:48:55 People can go to bookstores and not find the book
    2:48:58 if you’re down to like that many copies and things like that.
    2:49:01 And so Death Spiral is what they call it.
    2:49:04 And we’d already gotten the, we got the orders from Mistborn 2
    2:49:06 and they were bad, right?
    2:49:08 They were, you know, on The Death Spiral.
    2:49:12 But then the paperback, that paperback we got selling.
    2:49:14 And so what happened is Mistborn 2 came out,
    2:49:16 instantly sold out.
    2:49:17 All right, so hold on.
    2:49:18 I got to pause this for a second.
    2:49:23 So what else contributed to the relaunch
    2:49:27 of that lower price paperback of Mistborn 1
    2:49:29 besides the cover?
    2:49:30 Was there anything else?
    2:49:33 It was the lower price point and it was the cover.
    2:49:34 Those are the only things we changed.
    2:49:36 Now, you’ll love this.
    2:49:38 Publishing is weird.
    2:49:41 They were not willing to release a new version of the book
    2:49:44 with a new cover until we said it’s a new edition.
    2:49:47 It’s the cheaper until when they had in their head,
    2:49:49 it was a new edition.
    2:49:51 It’s got a different ISBN guys.
    2:49:52 It’s a whole new game.
    2:49:53 A whole new game.
    2:49:54 They were willing to put a new cover on it.
    2:49:57 So actually it was the 499 thing that worked.
    2:49:59 We were at our wits end until I thought of that and pitched it.
    2:50:02 And they’re like, oh, yeah, a 499 edition.
    2:50:03 We do those.
    2:50:05 And then suddenly they’re willing to repackage it
    2:50:07 and put a new cover on it.
    2:50:09 It has a big red banner 499.
    2:50:12 It has the nice cover blurb from Robin Hobb,
    2:50:14 but the hard cover had that too.
    2:50:16 The cover was a little more targeted
    2:50:17 at what was popular then.
    2:50:20 Photo realism was starting to be a thing for fantasy
    2:50:22 partially because of Jim Butcher’s books.
    2:50:24 We use the same illustrator cover artists
    2:50:25 as Jim Butcher’s books.
    2:50:28 It has that sort of urban fantasy feel.
    2:50:31 Mistborn was really well primed to take off.
    2:50:33 Partially because of Hunger Games.
    2:50:38 Teenage girl protagonist in a kind of dark future world.
    2:50:42 In fact, in Taiwan, it released before Hunger Games,
    2:50:44 and it became the Hunger Games,
    2:50:48 meaning the market wanted a dark dystopian teen YA.
    2:50:50 And we outsold Hunger Games there.
    2:50:52 Hunger Games became the Mistborn,
    2:50:54 and Mistborn became the Hunger Games in Taiwan
    2:50:55 because we beat it to market.
    2:50:58 We didn’t here and we didn’t market it as YA.
    2:50:59 It’s an adult.
    2:51:02 It’s got two viewpoints, one a teenager, one adult.
    2:51:05 But it was really good for the market, right?
    2:51:08 And so the fact that it was really good for the market,
    2:51:09 it felt dystopian,
    2:51:11 but it wasn’t using all the dystopian tropes
    2:51:14 that eventually killed the dystopian sort of thing.
    2:51:16 No one had read a fantasy heist.
    2:51:19 Since about the same time Liza Luck-Morick came out,
    2:51:20 which is another one.
    2:51:21 That’s Scott Lynch?
    2:51:22 Yeah, Scott Lynch.
    2:51:23 Fantastic book.
    2:51:26 That is a really fun series.
    2:51:27 A fantastic book.
    2:51:29 And he and I had this on separate continents,
    2:51:31 the same idea, and got him out around the same time.
    2:51:33 And I highly recommend that one too.
    2:51:35 And his is more heisty, even the mind.
    2:51:38 Mind takes more of the epic fantasy direction.
    2:51:42 Like Kelsier is trying to overthrow the empire by robbing.
    2:51:44 And so all of those things meant
    2:51:47 that when Mistborn actually got covered right,
    2:51:49 it really started selling.
    2:51:50 It would have been better if there would have been
    2:51:51 books for people to buy,
    2:51:54 but instantly selling out week one made the publisher go,
    2:51:55 “Oh, wait a minute.”
    2:51:56 And then they went to reprint.
    2:51:58 And then there was this clamor online,
    2:52:01 people emailing bookstores, emailing the publisher,
    2:52:03 “Where is our Mistborn 2?
    2:52:05 We have to have Mistborn 2.”
    2:52:08 And that fueled Mistborn 2 eventually with all the reprints
    2:52:11 going to like 12,000 to 15,000 in hardcover.
    2:52:14 And that primed Mistborn 3 to hit the best seller list.
    2:52:16 Wow, what a story.
    2:52:18 So I want to touch on something because you mentioned
    2:52:23 Liza Luck-Limora and maybe that’s heistier per se.
    2:52:29 But one thing we haven’t talked about is magic systems.
    2:52:34 And so I feel like that is something that really shines.
    2:52:37 And it’s part of the reason why I wanted to dig into Mistborn also
    2:52:39 with the Alamance.
    2:52:43 And magic systems, how do you think about magic systems?
    2:52:47 I mean, I have the three laws of magic here in front of me,
    2:52:49 but I could read them.
    2:52:51 How do you want to lead into magic systems?
    2:52:54 Because people are going to think to themselves if they haven’t heard this term.
    2:52:56 What the hell is a magic system?
    2:52:59 Let me talk about it in a way that for the audience,
    2:53:01 I’m going to avoid getting the weeds too much.
    2:53:05 I don’t want to give you encyclopedia entries and things like this.
    2:53:12 But I found when I was writing something that I really love in world building.
    2:53:18 And that is, I love in history the time period of the scientific revolution.
    2:53:23 The time period between Newton and about the early 1900s,
    2:53:28 where people were learning to apply science to everything they did.
    2:53:33 Where they were saying, “Hey, wait, all these things we assume,
    2:53:36 what if we use the scientific method on them?”
    2:53:40 And then they started to discover Newton believed in alchemy.
    2:53:43 And he tried to apply the scientific method and couldn’t get it to work,
    2:53:45 which is one of the reasons people started saying,
    2:53:48 “Well, maybe alchemy isn’t actually scientific.”
    2:53:50 Yeah, and spending time was like third of his time.
    2:53:51 I mean, it was a lot.
    2:53:56 Yeah, he tried so hard to be able to transmute lead into gold or whatever.
    2:53:58 And turns out we can do it.
    2:54:00 We just need an atom smasher.
    2:54:05 But regardless, this idea of spontaneous generation,
    2:54:10 people used to think that if you left meat out and it rotted, it spawned flies.
    2:54:12 And that’s where flies came from.
    2:54:17 The scientific method says, “Well, let’s try some tests and see.”
    2:54:20 And lo and behold, it’s not that eggs are being laid, right?
    2:54:21 All this stuff.
    2:54:26 Up until, like I said, the 1900s, where I read an article once from the time period
    2:54:29 about someone who’d gone and studied the science of digging ditches.
    2:54:36 And the whole theme of it was, if we can help the ditch diggers, we help everyone, right?
    2:54:40 Here’s how they can labor more effectively so it isn’t as hard on their joints,
    2:54:45 so that they are more efficient, but also so that they’re happier and they get tired less.
    2:54:49 Here’s a whole article of science helping everyone.
    2:54:54 And that period of superstition becoming science, I love.
    2:54:55 It’s so interesting.
    2:55:03 And that’s why Mistborn’s actually set a lot of epic fantasies set around in an analogous of like the 12 to 1400s.
    2:55:07 Mistborn set in about 1820s to 1840s, if it were on earth.
    2:55:13 They don’t have gunpowder for various reasons, but they’re right pre-Industrial Revolution,
    2:55:20 where science and fantasy and superstition are colliding.
    2:55:28 And what I found I really like reading is fantasy worlds that take a little bit of science fiction world building
    2:55:31 and a little bit of science fiction aesthetic and say,
    2:55:35 “What if you apply the scientific method to something that in our world doesn’t exist,
    2:55:37 but in their world is a new branch of physics?”
    2:55:42 And that lets my characters explore science and magic together.
    2:55:45 What is real? What isn’t real? What works? What doesn’t work?
    2:55:49 Mistborn has kind of a periodic table of the elements where they’re discovering
    2:55:55 that they can use certain metals to do certain things that are magical, doesn’t exist in our world.
    2:55:59 The difference between fantasy and science fiction to me is science fiction says,
    2:56:04 “This thing could happen. Let’s construct toward that.”
    2:56:07 What are the possibilities that would lead to it?
    2:56:12 Arthur C. Clarke says, “I think we can do satellites with geo-synchronous orbits.
    2:56:16 Here’s all the science. I’m going to write a book where they can do that,
    2:56:18 and then later on we’ll figure it out.”
    2:56:24 Fantasy for me starts with the cool idea and justifies it through the text without real science.
    2:56:34 I want to have people who use these metals to bounce around like ninjas.
    2:56:38 You can drop a coin and you can push off of it.
    2:56:43 And through Newton’s laws, if it’s pushed against the ground, you’re launched upward.
    2:56:47 If you’re pushing on it and you throw your weight against it, it shoots across the room.
    2:56:51 And how much can I do with that just by playing with vector science and things?
    2:56:58 Again, I don’t want to get in the weeds, but the idea is people applying their intellect to magic,
    2:57:01 and that’s a magic system. What is the magic system?
    2:57:03 What do people have access to?
    2:57:05 Lord of the Rings has several magic systems.
    2:57:09 One is the one ring. It’s what we call a hard magic system.
    2:57:15 Lord of the Rings, if you put on the ring, you turn invisible, but Sauron can see you.
    2:57:22 Very simple. It corrupts people along the way. There are like three rules to the ring and you can understand them.
    2:57:26 Making a hard magic doesn’t mean that it’s like it makes sense, right?
    2:57:29 Superheroes are generally hard magics, even though it’s like bonkers.
    2:57:36 Superman gets powers from sunlight, makes no sense with external logic, but internally it’s consistent.
    2:57:39 He gets his powers from the sun and he can do X, Y, and Z.
    2:57:41 That’s what we call a hard magic system.
    2:57:42 Gandalf.
    2:57:44 So rules that are internally consistent.
    2:57:49 Yeah. Rules that are internally consistent that the characters can figure out and use.
    2:57:51 That’s a hard magic system.
    2:57:55 Roto can put the ring on and vanish from Sauron’s eyes,
    2:58:00 but he’ll vanish from everyone else’s eyes, but he’ll be seen by Sauron.
    2:58:06 So he can pay the cost to get some short-term gain for some long-term detriment by using the ring.
    2:58:11 Perfectly within the realm of he can access it and use it.
    2:58:13 Gandalf is what we call a soft magic system.
    2:58:16 You never really know what Gandalf can do.
    2:58:22 And the movies, they do this brilliantly by being like he holds up his staff and like the sun rises
    2:58:27 and like did he shoot sunlight at the orcs or is it just like what’s going on?
    2:58:31 But they like like Gandalf shows up and magical things happen.
    2:58:33 The other characters can’t control this.
    2:58:35 You don’t see it being controlled by the narrative.
    2:58:38 He just does things and those are cool magic systems.
    2:58:40 You can do all kinds of stuff with that.
    2:58:46 I found a niche in hard magic systems, that intersection where people are applying their logic.
    2:58:47 It’s so much fun.
    2:58:50 I talked about Mistborn like, you know, you can drop a coin and launch in the air.
    2:58:52 You can throw it and push it at someone.
    2:58:55 You throw it, you push it at someone, it hits them, then you get launched backward.
    2:59:00 Suddenly, I can have characters having to figure out puzzles in combat.
    2:59:06 We’re having a fight scene, but the fight scene is how can I get in position to use this medal against him?
    2:59:08 It’s so engaging to write.
    2:59:09 It’s so much fun.
    2:59:16 It makes every fight scene just a fun little puzzle box to try to figure out.
    2:59:24 And so because I like that, I decided to use it as part of my branding, like so hard to stand out.
    2:59:25 I know I like these things.
    2:59:27 I know I’m going to be doing it in my books.
    2:59:29 So I became the magic system guy.
    2:59:30 I thought about it a lot.
    2:59:31 So I released my three laws.
    2:59:37 It’s just kind of their rules that I follow mostly because I did something wrong at some point.
    2:59:39 And I’m like, that broke my magic system.
    2:59:40 How can I fix that?
    2:59:44 And I came up with a rule of thumb for myself that I could follow.
    2:59:47 And I use those to kind of build the magic the way I do them.
    2:59:49 It’s not the only way to do it.
    2:59:54 It’s not the only good way to do it, but it was really helpful to have a thing that was mine.
    2:59:56 What are you going to get when you come to one of my books?
    3:00:02 You’re going to get, at the core, I want an interesting story about interesting characters.
    3:00:06 But I can’t brand that way because that’s what everyone does.
    3:00:07 So what’s the branding?
    3:00:12 You’re going to get science fiction world building and a fantasy story.
    3:00:17 You’re going to get people discovering how magic works that’s repeatable.
    3:00:23 And they’re going to be able to use it in order to solve problems and make their lives better
    3:00:26 or at least manipulate them in certain ways.
    3:00:29 All of my books are going to have that sort of feel.
    3:00:32 And that’s what became kind of my thing.
    3:00:38 So let me, if you don’t mind, I’ll just, I’ll read these three and have some, some, some follow ups.
    3:00:39 Okay.
    3:00:40 All right.
    3:00:41 Sanderson’s three laws of magic.
    3:00:48 So the number one is an author’s ability to solve conflict with magic is directly proportional
    3:00:51 to how well the reader understands said magic.
    3:00:55 Number two, weaknesses, limits and costs are more interesting than powers.
    3:00:57 That’s one that I kind of latched onto.
    3:01:03 Three, the author should expand on what is already a part of the magic system before something entirely new is added.
    3:01:08 As this may otherwise entirely change how the magic system fits into the fictional world.
    3:01:11 So the second one is the most self-explanatory to me, right?
    3:01:13 The power of constraints.
    3:01:23 And it can be applied to a million things, but I find that to be very accessible to me.
    3:01:26 Could you expand on the number one, number three?
    3:01:27 Sure can.
    3:01:34 So number one, if you, and I’ve actually added a word to this and a little phrase to this,
    3:01:43 author’s ability to solve problems in a satisfying way with magic in a story is directly proportional to how well the reader understands said magic.
    3:01:47 So let’s pause it two sort of storylines.
    3:01:55 In one, your character is going to use, in both of them, your character is going to use the magic to save the day at the end.
    3:02:01 In the first one, the character spends the majority of the book off and on,
    3:02:09 figuring out how this magic works to the point that they realize by the ending, wait, everyone’s been doing this wrong.
    3:02:10 Here’s the rules.
    3:02:12 Here’s how they got misled.
    3:02:18 If I make this one little tweak, suddenly I’ll be able to fix the problem that no one else has been able to fix.
    3:02:23 And at the ending, they realize that they solve that problem.
    3:02:30 They solve that problem and boom, they have taken their wits, their intelligence, their, their progress, right?
    3:02:33 We say promise, progress, payoff.
    3:02:36 The payoff is to the actual progress of the story.
    3:02:39 This person has been studying their entire time.
    3:02:41 They’ve learned how the magic works.
    3:02:49 So at the end, they’re able to pull off something that no one else could and you believe it because of all that work.
    3:02:55 In the other one, they get to the end, they are unable to solve the problem.
    3:03:02 But then through the power of just caring really a lot, they figure it out and save the day.
    3:03:03 A mother’s love.
    3:03:04 A mother’s love.
    3:03:07 And see, this is why I use the satisfying way.
    3:03:13 The mother’s love protecting Harry is not actually a bad thing because that wasn’t supposed to be a plot element.
    3:03:14 Sure.
    3:03:15 I’m poking fun a little bit.
    3:03:16 But it is poking fun.
    3:03:17 Joe deserves it.
    3:03:28 We can poke fun at her because JK Rowling was really good at internal logic in a given book and then she’d throw it out the window for the next one, right?
    3:03:32 Time turners actually in the time turner book makes sense how they’re used.
    3:03:33 She sets up the rule.
    3:03:34 She uses them book for it.
    3:03:38 They forget they can try time travel and don’t ever use them.
    3:03:41 But regardless, you can see what’s going on here.
    3:03:53 The idea of Sanderson’s first law is any plot element, but magic and fantasy, a lot of people who don’t read fantasy, they point it to be like, can’t believe any of the stakes because anything can happen.
    3:03:55 Yeah, it’s like the Deus Ex Machina.
    3:03:56 Deus Ex Machina.
    3:04:01 Playwright can’t figure out the ending so God descends from the rafter isn’t.
    3:04:02 Yep.
    3:04:03 Voila.
    3:04:05 But the thing is, any book is that way.
    3:04:18 If you want to write a book where at the end, the romance novel in a perfectly realistic setting that they just get together because you decide, you can just Deus Ex Machina that you can Deus Ex Machina the thriller.
    3:04:22 You any book, the reader of the author can do that with a goal.
    3:04:25 We have an extra tendency toward that with magic.
    3:04:30 So the charge that we do that is not unsubstantiated, right?
    3:04:34 Occasionally, authors like, well, I have magic, so I’ll snap my fingers and save the day.
    3:04:43 But as a reader with a magic system, if you make it so that we understand so that like Star Wars.
    3:04:45 Star Wars is such a perfect example.
    3:04:52 We believe that Luke can shoot the missiles down the tube when he’s using the force.
    3:04:53 Why?
    3:04:57 Well, through the course of the story, we’ve seen Obi-Wan Kenobi use this magic.
    3:04:59 We’ve seen Luke struggle to use this magic.
    3:05:03 We see targeting computers, they fire and they miss.
    3:05:06 The targeting computers are fallible.
    3:05:09 We’re at the big moment and then use the force Luke.
    3:05:10 Obi-Wan is there.
    3:05:16 We’ve seen the whole time Obi-Wan preparing him and he takes off the thing and he shoots.
    3:05:24 We believe that he can do that because you set up and pay off, promise, progress, pay off.
    3:05:26 And that’s what Sanerson’s first lie is.
    3:05:31 If you’re going to use magic at the end of your story to solve the problem, promise, progress, pay off.
    3:05:38 Now, if you want to solve magic, use it to cause problems or you can use it to solve problems in an unsatisfying way.
    3:05:40 And sometimes you want that.
    3:05:50 When Gandalf saves the fellowship from the Balrog, it’s actually kind of unsatisfying because Gandalf is dead and you watch the movie, Peter Jackson again, brilliant movies.
    3:06:01 After Gandalf dies, everyone is down and like flopped down and crying and broken because the magic use isn’t satisfying.
    3:06:03 Gandalf didn’t get up there and save the day.
    3:06:09 He sacrificed himself and it actually hits with a very different emotion.
    3:06:11 It’s instead an escalation.
    3:06:14 So that’s an example of soft magic causing a problem.
    3:06:15 Exactly.
    3:06:25 And so, yes, Gandalf did save them from the Balrog, but the cost is bigger than the whole point of that is not, “Yay, Gandalf!” It is huge complication.
    3:06:27 Gandalf kept the fellowship together.
    3:06:31 What’s going to happen when Gandalf isn’t there to prevent Boromir from taking the ring?
    3:06:33 And then he pays that off.
    3:06:34 The fellowship shatters.
    3:06:39 Brilliant use of both a soft magic and a hard magic for what they’re really good at.
    3:06:41 George is good at this too.
    3:06:42 He uses a lot of soft magics.
    3:06:53 Whenever someone uses magic in Game of Thrones, you get scared because people are going to die and things are going to go wrong and everything’s going to suck even worse because of using the magic.
    3:06:56 And that soft magic is brilliant for that.
    3:07:01 It creates a sense of mystery and danger and sorrow.
    3:07:06 It’s sort of an unpredictability that’s exciting, whereas solving problems, the audience is just like, “Ah, come on!”
    3:07:07 Yeah, exactly.
    3:07:09 And they both do different kinds of things.
    3:07:14 And so if you understand this, you can have the emotions you want in the stories, right?
    3:07:20 And Tolkien very wisely uses the ring to solve problems and escalate in certain ways.
    3:07:25 Like Sam being able to put on the ring to go save Frodo after Frodo is taken by the orcs.
    3:07:29 You are totally by that Sam can do that because you know what the ring can do.
    3:07:30 It solves a problem.
    3:07:32 It’s actually, you’re like, “Yay, Sam! Good job!”
    3:07:33 And that’s a heroic moment.
    3:07:42 He gets Frodo back, right? Frodo’s alive. Everything’s happy because Sam manipulated the magic that he’s learned to the end.
    3:07:46 And then he gives up the ring and you’re like, “Good job, Sam. You have done it.”
    3:07:51 Lord of the Rings is just a great manual for how to do both of these things.
    3:07:53 We’re going to come to number three.
    3:07:54 Yes.
    3:08:01 It’s the third law in a second, but I just want to recommend to folks, I had an opportunity to spend some time in Oxford for the first time.
    3:08:11 And it is just from a literary perspective, so fun to walk around Oxford and to see all of the influences and the pubs and so on.
    3:08:16 We’re Tolkien and C.S. Lewis used to grab drinks and I always blank on the third.
    3:08:17 Yep, everybody does.
    3:08:22 Or like, “Yeah, sorry, pal.” Or his Dark Materials, right?
    3:08:25 And Phil Pullman and that entire world.
    3:08:35 Which I have to just air a grievance, which is when things get slotted, this is me being naive, I guess, but into young adult.
    3:08:40 My assumption always was, as a so-called adult, like young adult is easier to read.
    3:08:48 But it seems to be when the protagonist is a young adult, because I remember reading The Golden Compass and I was like, “I do not understand these 300 nautical terms.”
    3:08:51 It was a very, very intricate book.
    3:08:57 After this, no one knows what to do with The Golden Compass, because Lara’s actually like eight.
    3:09:03 And so it’s not young adult, it’s what the age group that that would be would be middle grade or chapter books.
    3:09:05 It was shelved in both sections, no one knows what to do with that.
    3:09:10 And that’s an example of breaking the rules fantastically and it working out really well.
    3:09:13 I don’t remember how old she is, but she’s not young adult age, she might be 10.
    3:09:19 But young adult can be just as complicated as adult.
    3:09:22 And it’s mostly a marketing thing, like Mistborn.
    3:09:27 All my books Mistborn shelved as adult everywhere, but eventually towards like, it’s really a young adult version.
    3:09:29 But in the young adult section, why not?
    3:09:30 Maybe new people will find it.
    3:09:35 Skyward, which is my actual young adult series, is shelved as adult in the UK.
    3:09:39 Because they’re like, “Well, we just want to package it the same as yours and sell it to your audience.”
    3:09:40 And I’m like, “Okay.”
    3:09:42 So they packaged it and put it in the adult section.
    3:09:44 So, all marketing.
    3:09:46 Tomato, tomato, the third law.
    3:09:48 Third law. All right.
    3:09:50 Third law, let me tell you the story of what went wrong.
    3:09:51 In Mistborn.
    3:09:53 It’s actually a great first line for your next book.
    3:09:55 Yeah, let me tell you what went wrong.
    3:09:59 In Mistborn, I came up with three separate magic systems for three books.
    3:10:00 They’re all there in the first one.
    3:10:04 There’s, you know, Alamancey, there’s this thing that Cezed does, which is mysterious.
    3:10:07 It’s kind of in the first book, Cezed’s magic is a soft magic.
    3:10:11 Even though I know all the rules, you don’t know what he can do.
    3:10:21 And when he solves problems with it, it’s like used to create mystery and questions and even some danger, right?
    3:10:28 Book two, I start showing you how it works so that it becomes now understandable and things like that.
    3:10:30 And then there’s a hemilurgy.
    3:10:34 So, each book I wanted to explore a different aspect of the magic.
    3:10:40 When it came to do the Stormlight Archive, I had started to fall into a trap.
    3:10:42 And the trap is bigger is better.
    3:10:45 And this is what killed the original Stormlight Archive.
    3:10:49 So, you would think I’d learned this lesson, but people started to say you had three magic systems in Mistborn.
    3:10:51 How many will you have in the Stormlight Archive?
    3:10:54 And I’m like, there’s going to be 30 magic systems.
    3:10:57 It’s going to be so epic, all right?
    3:11:03 And then I sat down and I was building all this and I’m like, this is the wrong way to approach the book.
    3:11:11 30 magic systems are better than three. Three well-done magic systems are way better than 30 non-well-done magic systems.
    3:11:14 I need to sit down and say, what is my book actually about?
    3:11:17 What is the world building that’s really going to enhance this story?
    3:11:21 Let’s talk about that and do a really good job of it.
    3:11:23 This is in video games.
    3:11:25 There’s this great series called The Elder Scrolls.
    3:11:31 And one of the first games to ever procedurally generate dungeons.
    3:11:36 And they pitched one of their games is like, there’s a thousand dungeons you can explore.
    3:11:42 But the truth is, all those thousand dungeons are built out of 30 different elements recombined in different ways.
    3:11:45 And so, you were bored after the second one.
    3:11:52 Later on, they realized if they just take hand care and they build a well-crafted dungeon, they put fewer of them in.
    3:11:55 Everyone’s happier. It works way better.
    3:12:03 But people would talk about those early Elder Scrolls games and be like, it’s an ocean an inch deep.
    3:12:06 You want to avoid that in your storytelling.
    3:12:16 So, the idea is that with the third law, it challenges me to reexamine what I have and to go deeper instead of just expanding.
    3:12:19 To say, look, you’ve got something interesting and it’s not just magic.
    3:12:29 Like, this character, can you dig a little deeper into who this character is instead of adding a new one to make, you know, your story wider but more shallow?
    3:12:37 And it’s just a challenge to me to do a good, thoughtful job on my world building instead of always pretending bigger is better.
    3:12:42 Got it. So, the third law is to protect yourself, remind yourself.
    3:12:43 Yeah, all of them are.
    3:12:47 The first one happened because I added something you’ll get there.
    3:12:53 I had an editor, and my editor said, the ending of Mistborn 1 isn’t quite as spectacular as we want.
    3:12:55 Can you, you know, do something to spice it up?
    3:12:58 And I said, cool, yeah, I’ve got this thing I’m going to do in the second book.
    3:13:02 I’ll just let it happen in the first book, but I hadn’t set it up.
    3:13:04 And then the first book came out and people still really liked it.
    3:13:08 But a lot of them are pointing at that and being like, that felt like a little like a Deus Ex Machina.
    3:13:11 I’m like, it is. I didn’t set this up at all.
    3:13:13 It just is out of nowhere right at the end.
    3:13:16 I’m like, why does it work sometimes and not others?
    3:13:18 And that’s where this law came from.
    3:13:22 And flaws are more interesting is the same direction.
    3:13:34 It’s like, you know, looking at all the powers that I’m adding and trying to play with them and things and realizing that, you know, Superman is interesting because of what he can’t do.
    3:13:40 Superman as a character is interesting because he has a moral code, which is, you know, a limitation he puts on himself.
    3:13:43 And the best stories happen either because of his moral code.
    3:13:53 Will he break or not because of the people that he loves, which are also kind of a limitation or because he encounters someone who has kryptonite and his powers are taken away.
    3:13:56 Those are the great three Superman stories.
    3:14:01 All of them don’t center on what his powers are centers on what he can’t do.
    3:14:03 He can’t get lowest to fall in love with him.
    3:14:06 He can’t always protect everybody.
    3:14:09 He can’t violate his code and he can’t do anything when kryptonite’s around.
    3:14:12 Then you’ve suddenly you’ve got conflict and story.
    3:14:14 Brandon sir, we’ve covered a lot of ground.
    3:14:17 I could keep going for a very, very long time, but you’re doing the majority of the talking.
    3:14:19 So you’re doing all the heavy lifting here.
    3:14:29 Is there anything we have not covered that you would like to cover or anything that you would like to say to my audience request of my audience, point my audience to.
    3:14:31 I never know how to do.
    3:14:35 I could that you’d like to wrap things up with land the plan with a little dance.
    3:14:36 I don’t know.
    3:14:38 There is a zero flaw.
    3:14:39 That’s okay.
    3:14:40 Zero flaw.
    3:14:42 So Adam Asimov added a zero flaw.
    3:14:44 I added one chicly, right?
    3:14:48 And I guess what I’d say to your audience is I thank you for putting up with me nerding out for three hours.
    3:14:56 If they want to try something, I would recommend Mistborn or Truss of the Emerald Sea, depending if they want something more heisty and actiony or something more whimsical.
    3:15:01 But Sanderson’s zero flaw is always err on the side of what’s awesome.
    3:15:06 And this came about because I realized sometimes I don’t follow the rules.
    3:15:11 Sometimes I come up with something that’s just too cool to not put in the story.
    3:15:17 And at the end of the day, I’m writing stories because I want to do interesting things with character with plot with.
    3:15:19 I just want things to be cool.
    3:15:24 And so I came up with this little rule to myself, which is all of this is good.
    3:15:25 All this is important.
    3:15:30 But when you’re writing, if you come up with something really cool, try it out.
    3:15:36 Even if it breaks the outline, it breaks the magic system, try it out and see if it makes the story better.
    3:15:39 Because if it does, you’ll figure out a way to make it work.
    3:15:41 You can revise so that it’s foreshadowed.
    3:15:44 You can you can fix that err on the side of what is awesome.
    3:15:45 Try it.
    3:15:47 Give yourself permission.
    3:15:51 Well, I for one, I’m glad you didn’t end up being a chemist.
    3:16:07 So I very much appreciate the time. This is an incredible life and world and collection of worlds that you guys all help build with the team behind you and putting out ungodly numbers of words per year.
    3:16:09 It’s just it’s just phenomenal.
    3:16:11 And where can people find you?
    3:16:13 Where’s the best place to find all things?
    3:16:26 Like I said, I need to get a new one. It was written in 2006. So it’s been a while, but it’s on there for free.
    3:16:30 You can read a bunch of everything you can, you know, we got socials.
    3:16:33 YouTube is a pretty good place for me to my writing lectures are there.
    3:16:38 I do a weekly update every week on YouTube where I come on and say where I am in my writing process for the current book.
    3:16:40 So I like to do lots of outreach.
    3:16:43 Yeah, amazing. Well, I can’t wait to see what you do next.
    3:16:55 And I’ll be certainly watching and for people who are interested in anything we talked about, I will link to everything in the show notes at TimedUpLog/podcast.
    3:16:58 Thank you, Brandon, for all the time and for hosting me.
    3:16:59 What a fun trip.
    3:17:06 And to everybody out there, until next time, just be a bit kinder than is necessary to others and to yourself.
    3:17:09 And thanks for tuning in.
    3:17:15 Hey, guys, this is Tim again, just one more thing before you take off, and that is Five Bullet Friday.
    3:17:20 Would you enjoy getting a short email from me every Friday that provides a little fun before the weekend?
    3:17:27 Between one and a half and two million people subscribed to my free newsletter, my super short newsletter called Five Bullet Friday.
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    Brandon Sanderson is the #1 New York Times bestselling author of The Stormlight Archive series and the Mistborn saga; the middle-grade series Alcatraz vs. the Evil Librarians; and the young-adult novels The Rithmatist, the Reckoners trilogy, and the Skyward series. He has sold more than 40 million books in 35 languages, and he is a four-time nominee for the Hugo Awards, winning in 2013 for his novella The Emperor’s Soul.

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    Timestamps:

    00:00 Meet Brandon Sanderson

    07:10 Soundcheck Fun and Memory Skills

    11:21 Brandon’s Writing Journey and Creative Process

    25:35 Teaching Creative Writing and Publishing Insights

    38:08 Brandon’s Early Reading Experience

    44:18 Discovering the Magic of Storytelling

    45:32 A Journey from C Student to A Student

    47:02 The Influence of a Great Teacher

    48:51 Understanding Narrative and Plot

    56:42 The Art of Character Development

    01:09:42 Balancing Writing and Personal Life

    01:24:04 Meeting Editors and Early Struggles

    01:24:30 First Book Sale and Financial Realities

    01:25:28 The Danger of the Second Book

    01:25:49 Hitting the Bestseller List

    01:26:34 Amazon and the Changing Market

    01:29:03 Entrepreneurial Shift and Direct Sales

    01:36:45 Building a Team and Crowdfunding

    01:42:50 Kickstarter Success and Lessons Learned

    01:52:22 COVID and Creative Freedom

    02:02:53 Brandon Sanderson’s Colbert Report Cameo

    02:03:48 Kickstarter Success and Subscription Boxes

    02:09:01 Test Readers and Feedback Process

    02:14:16 Warbreaker and Creative Commons Experiment

    02:22:50 Navigating Publishing Deals and Platforms

    02:33:26 The Wheel of Time Opportunity

    02:42:36 The Call to Finish The Wheel of Time

    02:43:10 Negotiating the Deal

    02:43:56 The Struggles of Mistborn

    02:45:02 The Cosmere and Building an Audience

    02:48:25 The Death Spiral in Publishing

    02:52:29 Magic Systems and Their Importance

    03:00:39 Sanderson’s Three Laws of Magic

    03:14:35 The Zero Law and Final Thoughts

    *

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