Grit and Perseverance — with Angela Duckworth

0:00:05 Botox Cosmetic, adobatulinum toxin A, FDA approved for over 20 years.
0:00:10 So, talk to your specialist to see if Botox Cosmetic is right for you.
0:00:15 For full prescribing information, including boxed warning, visit botoxcosmetic.com or
0:00:19 call 877-351-0300.
0:00:22 Remember to ask for Botox Cosmetic by name.
0:00:26 To see for yourself and learn more, visit botoxcosmetic.com.
0:00:29 That’s botoxcosmetic.com.
0:00:32 Support for this show comes from Mercury.
0:00:34 The simplest solution is often the smartest.
0:00:41 That’s where Mercury simplifies all your financial workflows by powering them from one thing every business needs, a bank account.
0:00:49 Now you can exit out of those endless tabs and manage your banking plus pay bills, send invoices, and control spend all in one place.
0:00:52 Powerful banking, simplified finances.
0:00:54 Apply at mercury.com.
0:01:00 Support for this show comes from Constant Contact.
0:01:06 If you struggle just to get your customers to notice you, Constant Contact has what you need to grab their attention.
0:01:16 Constant Contact’s award-winning marketing platform offers all the automation, integration, and reporting tools that get your marketing running seamlessly,
0:01:19 all backed by their expert live customer support.
0:01:24 It’s time to get going and growing with Constant Contact today.
0:01:26 Ready? Set. Grow.
0:01:30 Go to constantcontact.ca and start your free trial today.
0:01:35 Go to constantcontact.ca for your free trial.
0:01:37 Constant Contact.ca
0:01:47 Episode 322, Route 322, is a US-high-wage version of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey in 1922.
0:01:50 The first 3D movie was screened.
0:01:56 I do an imitation of a 3D printer, and then my son tells me to close the bathroom when I’m taking a dump.
0:01:59 Go! Go! Go!
0:02:11 Welcome to the 322nd episode of The Prop G-Pod.
0:02:16 In today’s episode, we speak with Angela Duckworth, a psychologist, co-founder of the Character Lab,
0:02:20 and a professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania.
0:02:25 She is also the author of the number one New York Times bestseller, GRIT, The Power of Passion and Perseverance.
0:02:28 We discussed with Angela great in perseverance.
0:02:29 That makes sense.
0:02:34 How to create environments for success and advice for raising resilient kids.
0:02:35 Okay, what’s happening?
0:02:38 Daddy went to the WNBA finals.
0:02:38 That’s right.
0:02:39 I get floor seats.
0:02:40 That’s what happens when you know.
0:02:43 Kara Swisher, the first WNBA game I go to.
0:02:45 Talk about a privileged lifestyle.
0:02:51 As I go to the last game of the finals at home for the New York Liberty, it goes into overtime and they win.
0:02:55 And by the way, these women are an absolute inspiration.
0:03:01 Anyways, in New York, headed doing my son’s or one of my son’s college tours,
0:03:05 which is both inspiring and exceptionally anxious.
0:03:07 My son is in New York.
0:03:08 Does he see me?
0:03:09 No.
0:03:14 My two sons are less impressed with me than anyone I know.
0:03:15 Anyone I know.
0:03:18 And that’s like a fairly high bar to be not impressed by me.
0:03:20 There are a lot of people who are exceptionally unimpressed.
0:03:23 Anyways, ask your parents.
0:03:24 You’ll figure it out when you’re a parent.
0:03:25 What’s happening?
0:03:27 We have exciting news to share.
0:03:28 Oh my God.
0:03:29 This is exciting.
0:03:34 The Raging Moderates podcast now has its own feed.
0:03:37 Whoa, alert the media.
0:03:41 This is, oh my goodness, all this excitement.
0:03:46 In case you missed it, Raging Moderates is a Prodigy podcast co-hosted with our favorite
0:03:48 political gangster, Jessica Tarlaw.
0:03:52 For those of you who don’t know Jessica, she’s a rising star or maybe she’s risen.
0:03:58 She’s on the most popular cable news network show, The Five, Fox’s weeknight news program
0:04:01 and plays a key role in special coverage for the network.
0:04:04 Every Tuesday on Raging Moderates, Jess and I will have an in-depth conversation on the
0:04:07 likes of political news through a centrist lens.
0:04:11 So with that, we hope you enjoy Raging Moderates, a weekly podcast from the Prodigy
0:04:12 universe.
0:04:16 Episodes will be on the new feed every Tuesday and we’ll link the new feed in the description
0:04:19 of this episode to Resist This Feudal.
0:04:21 I’m AOL in the ’90s.
0:04:22 I’m fucking everywhere.
0:04:23 Just give up.
0:04:24 Surrender to the dog.
0:04:27 Surrender to the dog.
0:04:29 Okay, moving on.
0:04:33 Disney announced it will name Bob Iger’s successor in early 2026.
0:04:34 So this is sort of the long goodbye.
0:04:36 I think it was a mistake for Bob to come back.
0:04:37 I do think it’s good that we have churn.
0:04:42 I think there are too many old white guys in media who don’t understand the new technologies
0:04:45 and just basically understand how to pay themselves a shit ton of money while destroying
0:04:48 shareholder value.
0:04:52 So essentially this kind of succession strategy is an elegant way to say it’s time for you
0:04:53 to leave.
0:04:54 He probably wants out.
0:04:59 I don’t know what the situation is, but they’ve identified people from four different areas
0:05:00 as their likely successor.
0:05:02 So now it’s the Hunger Games.
0:05:07 And most likely the person who gets selected has had more time in the boardroom and for
0:05:10 whatever reason has a good impression or the board has a good impression of him or her.
0:05:12 It’s very random who you choose as CEO.
0:05:13 Is that true?
0:05:14 Is it random?
0:05:15 A little bit.
0:05:19 Disney has put former Morgan Stanley CEO James Gorman in charge of its succession committee
0:05:23 and he’s set to take over as board chairman on January 2nd, 2025.
0:05:27 My guess is it’ll probably be the person whoever’s sitting on the business that is the least
0:05:30 bad in the Disney portfolio right now.
0:05:32 Gorman is a very impressive guy.
0:05:36 He’s successfully navigated Morgan Stanley’s CEO transition and he’s replacing former
0:05:40 Nike CEO Mark Parker from the Disney board who has been in the world for just two years.
0:05:42 I think this is good corporate governance.
0:05:43 I’m happy for it.
0:05:48 It seems like Disney to me is a well-run board, if you will, who’s going to be a successor
0:05:51 back the guy who oversees the theme parks and the video games.
0:05:52 That would be my bet.
0:05:53 Not because I don’t know.
0:05:54 Josh Damaro.
0:05:55 That’s a cool name.
0:05:56 Josh Damaro.
0:05:57 Hi, I’m Josh Damaro.
0:05:58 That sounds just like a…
0:06:01 Doesn’t that sound like a guy you could, I don’t know, have a beer with?
0:06:04 Dana Walden who co-leads Disney’s entertainment unit.
0:06:05 I’m entirely sure what that means.
0:06:06 Isn’t it all entertainment?
0:06:11 ESPN, Jimmy Petaro, Alan Bergman who also co-chairs Disney Entertainment.
0:06:13 I imagine there’s also opportunity for an outside person.
0:06:14 We’ll see.
0:06:15 Be fun to bet on who it is.
0:06:18 The big picture with Disney shares trading under $100 most of the year and the company
0:06:21 facing challenges in both streaming and its theme park business.
0:06:26 Can the new CEO, whoever it may be, steer the company in the right direction?
0:06:31 I just think this company, this was one of my stock picks for 2024.
0:06:35 This company has such incredible assets.
0:06:41 We do this brand identity audit in brand strategy, and one of the things we talk about is leveraging
0:06:44 your brand as symbols, which are assets.
0:06:53 Brand as symbol here, what, Mickey, the Matterhorn, the Castle, Walt Disney himself, Goofy, Star
0:06:56 Wars characters which they now own, Luke Skywalker, Darth Vader.
0:07:03 They just have so many assets, and I do think that Disney Plus is a survivor in what has
0:07:04 become the Hunger Games of business.
0:07:09 The streaming networks because its positioning is so clean and clear around family.
0:07:14 If you have kids, you have to have Disney Plus and you have to go to Disneyland.
0:07:18 I always thought the opportunity for them was a membership offering where for $50 a month
0:07:22 you get Disney Plus and you get access to the parks on specific days where it’s not
0:07:25 a fucking shit show and you don’t have to wait three hours to go on the avatar ride.
0:07:28 That literally rattled the shit out of me.
0:07:33 We’re seeing all these families who had clearly saved all year, paying $3,000 to stay in a
0:07:38 shitty hotel with shitty food and then wait three hours in a line as their six-year-old
0:07:40 falls asleep in their arms.
0:07:42 At some point, that becomes abuse.
0:07:45 I literally think that’s abusive.
0:07:49 Your kids are addicted to these programs and then you make them wait three hours at avatar.
0:07:52 Anyway, it’s Disney Plus, $50 a month recurring revenue.
0:07:56 What doesn’t sound like that much, you got Disney and then you get special access to
0:08:00 the park on days where it’s not too crowded, whatever.
0:08:04 Your daughter gets a princess outfit that she can wear to the Disney parks.
0:08:08 I just think they need to do a better job of CRM than saying, “All right, are you a
0:08:09 Disney family?”
0:08:11 Yeah, you’re a family, which means you need to be a Disney family.
0:08:15 We’re going to send you, you get access to Frozen two weeks before anyone else, whatever
0:08:17 they’re on, Frozen 11.
0:08:20 I have absolutely no desire to see Frozen, none.
0:08:21 None whatsoever.
0:08:25 They’re a few things less appealing to me than Frozen.
0:08:32 Is that wrong?
0:08:36 That’s like not liking Taylor Swift, that probably triggers about a billion people.
0:08:42 Anyways, the stock is up 7% year to date, but over the last 10 years, it’s been flat.
0:08:47 When you think about this as the icon, this is what Ford was to Detroit, Disney is to
0:08:48 Los Angeles.
0:08:52 Supposedly production is down 40% in Los Angeles.
0:08:59 I did a call yesterday with a super impressive guy who’s had a storied career in film production,
0:09:00 and he was very honest.
0:09:01 He said, “My career here has kind of hit a wall.
0:09:03 Do you have any thoughts or ideas for me?”
0:09:05 By the way, I typically coach young men.
0:09:10 I find there’s an enormous number of men my age who are trying to figure out their second
0:09:13 act that the ground is shifted underneath them.
0:09:17 They typically don’t have the same level of mental health problems that I perceive among
0:09:22 young kids who have their brains wired during puberty by this fucking dopa bag called their
0:09:26 smartphone and meta.
0:09:32 But I’m really struck at how many men are out there trying to find the next thing if
0:09:33 you will.
0:09:34 I don’t know.
0:09:35 I don’t know what brought that up.
0:09:37 Anyways, let’s talk about something more inspiring.
0:09:38 I know three words.
0:09:39 First word, chick.
0:09:40 Second word, Phil.
0:09:41 Third word, a.
0:09:42 Chick-fil-a.
0:09:43 I love Chick-fil-a.
0:09:47 I don’t know if you know this, but I’ve been on several corporate boards, and the thing
0:09:50 we used to talk about on the board at Panera was how Chick-fil-a had NPS scores that were
0:09:54 like 30% higher than every other industry.
0:09:55 Why is that?
0:09:59 Not because the chicken’s not much better, but because of their compensation schematic
0:10:00 and culture.
0:10:02 That is, every Chick-fil-a has an owner.
0:10:05 They get thousands of applications for someone to be a franchisee.
0:10:08 They loan them the money, and they literally are an owner.
0:10:10 There’s all these studies.
0:10:13 When the owner isn’t there, the amount of time it takes you to get your meal, the level
0:10:18 of shrinkage, which is theft, how clean the bathrooms are, everything goes down when the
0:10:19 owner’s not there.
0:10:22 Basically, Chick-fil-a has figured out a way to have an owner there in every restaurant.
0:10:23 They do an amazing job.
0:10:29 The company plans to launch a new app, Chick-fil-a Play on November 18th, featuring original
0:10:33 content on clinic family friendly shows, podcast games, and even recipes.
0:10:37 I love this company.
0:10:41 They got a bad rap for being too conservative because of their homophobic policies, which
0:10:44 was the old owner or the former owner, whatever, fine.
0:10:45 They deserve shit.
0:10:46 They got it next.
0:10:47 It’s a good company.
0:10:52 Actually, it’s probably more progressive than a lot of firms, and they do an amazing job.
0:10:57 If you do the drive-through, the handhelds, they clearly invest in a lot of innovation.
0:11:01 I think the world of this company, if they were public, which I don’t believe they are,
0:11:02 no, they’re not.
0:11:03 That’s the stock I would own.
0:11:05 Anyways, but they’re basically moving into media.
0:11:06 Why are they moving into media?
0:11:10 According to Dustin Britt, Chick-fil-a’s executive director of Brand Strategy, the company noticed
0:11:15 a link between content consumption and mealtimes, particularly for families with children.
0:11:16 Jesus Christ.
0:11:20 I hadn’t thought about that, but now it makes all the sense in the world.
0:11:22 My kid’s always consuming media.
0:11:25 Even when he’s consuming food, that’s a big point of contention for us.
0:11:26 Phone’s down.
0:11:27 Screen’s off.
0:11:31 We just want to have dinner with you, which is torture for them.
0:11:34 Anyways, that makes a lot of sense.
0:11:41 The idea that they would, in fact, try and convert media consumption or games into mealtime,
0:11:42 it’s kind of interesting.
0:11:44 Do I think it’s going to work?
0:11:45 Probably not.
0:11:46 Do I think they should do it?
0:11:48 Yes, because I think you’d take swings like that and see what happens.
0:11:53 That’s part of innovation, and we’re talking about it, which kind of signals innovation
0:11:57 around their brand, so Chick-fil-a, well done.
0:11:58 Let’s talk about kids.
0:12:02 Children’s engagement with certain types of digital devices varies wildly by age.
0:12:03 Get this.
0:12:07 9 to 11, two-thirds of them are on some sort of gaming device.
0:12:09 Three-quarters of them engage with a desktop or laptop computer.
0:12:11 I’m talking about 9 to 11-year-olds.
0:12:12 Get this.
0:12:16 Almost two-thirds of 5 to 8-year-olds have some sort of gaming device.
0:12:19 This is a shit that’s really scary, is two-thirds of 9 to 11-year-olds have a smartphone.
0:12:20 Jesus.
0:12:21 9 to 11?
0:12:22 Really?
0:12:23 Really?
0:12:27 Percentage of U.S. parents of a child age 11 or younger who say that.
0:12:30 As far as I know, their child ever uses or interacts with it.
0:12:31 Oh my God.
0:12:32 That is just nuts.
0:12:34 You know what else is really big.
0:12:41 Tablets, about four-fifths of kids between the ages of 5 and 11 are on tablets.
0:12:45 I essentially think I used to, I think Tim Cook has just done such a great job managing
0:12:52 his brand and so has Sunder Pichai, but effectively they’re sitting outside at junior high school
0:12:54 selling heroin.
0:12:59 They’re basically training our kids to be total fucking addicts, just as their brain
0:13:00 is being wired.
0:13:02 They’re gonna punch into the ecosystem or into our culture.
0:13:07 A ton of kids that are gonna be massively hungry for dopa and they’re gonna find a lot
0:13:09 of unusual ways to get it.
0:13:12 There’s no reason why anyone should have a smartphone under the age of 16.
0:13:13 Is it entirely their fault?
0:13:19 No, but they’re happy to be there and lie in obfuscate while a feckless, ineffective government
0:13:21 does nothing about it.
0:13:26 Anyways, this is, in my opinion, one of the things, and I’m worried about a lot, but one
0:13:30 of the things I’m really worried about is just as your kid’s brain is coming online,
0:13:34 you’re training it to need constant mini hits of dopa all the time.
0:13:42 We put a casino, an IMAX, an IPIC, an arcade all into their pockets, such that at any moment
0:13:45 in time, they can pull it up if they need a little bit of dopa.
0:13:47 What’s our role as parents?
0:13:52 I think my role as a dad is slopa, I like that, slow dopa, and that is to try and instill
0:13:59 a sense of success over time, practice, working out, strength, slow progress that results
0:14:03 in more enduring and satisfying rewards.
0:14:04 Slow dopa.
0:14:05 That’s me.
0:14:06 Call me dad.
0:14:07 Call me slopa.
0:14:12 We’ll be right back for our conversation with Angela Duckworth.
0:14:14 What software do you use at work?
0:14:19 The answer to that question is probably more complicated than you want it to be.
0:14:24 The average U.S. company deploys more than 100 apps, and ideas about the work we do can
0:14:27 be radically changed by the tools we use to do it.
0:14:29 So what is enterprise software anyway?
0:14:31 What is productivity software?
0:14:33 How will AI affect both?
0:14:37 And how are these tools changing the way we use our computers to make stuff, communicate,
0:14:39 and plan for the future?
0:14:44 In this three-part special series, Decoder is surveying the IT landscape presented by
0:14:50 AWS. Check it out wherever you get your podcasts.
0:14:52 Support for PropT comes from NerdWallet.
0:14:55 If you’re a listener of the show, you know business, and if you’re looking for a resource
0:14:59 to find financial products that can help you make smart financial decisions, turn to the
0:15:02 nerds at NerdWallet.
0:15:06 Not only have they spent thousands of hours researching and reviewing over 1,300 financial
0:15:09 products, but they have the tools you need to make smarter decisions.
0:15:11 Looking for a credit card?
0:15:15 The NerdWallet can go beyond the basic comparisons, filter for the features that matter to you,
0:15:17 and read in-depth reviews.
0:15:19 Ready to choose a high-yield savings account?
0:15:22 Get access to exclusive deals and compare rates, bonuses, and more.
0:15:23 House hunting?
0:15:27 View today’s top mortgage rates for your home sweet home.
0:15:30 Make the nerds your go-to resource for smart financial decisions.
0:15:32 Head to nerdwallet.com/learnmore.
0:15:33 NerdWallet.
0:15:34 Finance.
0:15:35 Smarter.
0:15:45 Incorporated, NMLS 1617539.
0:15:50 About a year ago, two twin brothers in Wisconsin discovered, kind of by accident, that mini-golf
0:15:54 might be the perfect spectator sport for the TikTok era.
0:16:00 Meanwhile, a YouTuber in Brooklyn found himself less interested in tech YouTube and more interested
0:16:02 in making coffee.
0:16:07 This month on The Vergecast, we’re telling stories about these people who tried to find
0:16:11 new ways to make content, new ways to build businesses around that content, and new ways
0:16:14 to make content about those businesses.
0:16:17 Our series is called How to Make It in the Future, and it’s all this month on The Vergecast,
0:16:31 wherever you get podcasts.
0:16:32 Welcome back.
0:16:35 Today, we’re going to talk about how to make it in the future, and how to make it happen.
0:16:40 We’re going to talk about how to make it in the future, and how to make it happen in the
0:16:41 future.
0:16:45 So, we’re going to talk about how to make it happen in the future, and how to make it
0:16:46 happen in the future.
0:16:50 So, we’re going to talk about how to make it happen in the future.
0:16:52 So, we’re going to talk about how to make it happen in the future, and how to make it
0:16:53 happen in the future.
0:16:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:16:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:16:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:16:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:16:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:16:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:01 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:02 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:03 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:04 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:05 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:06 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:07 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:08 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:09 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:10 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:11 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:12 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:13 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:14 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:15 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:32 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:33 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:46 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:47 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:48 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:49 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:50 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:51 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:52 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:53 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:17:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:16 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:17 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:18 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:19 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:20 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:21 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:22 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:23 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:24 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:25 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:26 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:27 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:28 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:29 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:31 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:32 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:33 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:18:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:02 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:03 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:04 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:05 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:06 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:07 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:08 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:09 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:10 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:11 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:12 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:13 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:14 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:15 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:16 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:17 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:18 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:19 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:20 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:21 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:22 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:23 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:24 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:25 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:26 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:27 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:28 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:29 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:47 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:48 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:49 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:50 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:51 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:52 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:53 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:19:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:01 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:02 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:03 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:04 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:05 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:06 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:07 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:08 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:09 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:10 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:11 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:12 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:13 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:14 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:15 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:31 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:32 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:33 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:46 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:47 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:48 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:49 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:50 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:51 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:52 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:53 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:20:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:16 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:17 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:18 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:19 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:20 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:21 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:22 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:23 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:24 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:25 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:26 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:27 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:28 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:29 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:31 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:32 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:33 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:21:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:03 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:04 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:05 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:06 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:07 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:08 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:09 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:10 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:11 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:12 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:13 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:14 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:15 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:16 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:17 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:18 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:19 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:20 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:21 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:22 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:23 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:24 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:25 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:26 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:27 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:28 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:29 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:49 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:50 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:51 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:52 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:53 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:22:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:01 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:02 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:03 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:04 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:05 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:06 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:07 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:08 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:09 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:10 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:11 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:12 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:13 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:14 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:15 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:46 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:47 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:48 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:49 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:50 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:51 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:52 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:53 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:23:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:16 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:17 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:18 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:19 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:20 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:21 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:22 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:23 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:24 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:25 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:26 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:27 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:28 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:29 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:31 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:32 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:33 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:24:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:01 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:02 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:03 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:04 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:05 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:06 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:07 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:08 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:09 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:10 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:11 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:12 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:13 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:14 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:15 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:16 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:17 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:18 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:19 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:20 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:21 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:22 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:23 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:24 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:25 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:26 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:27 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:28 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:29 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:48 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:49 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:50 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:51 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:52 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:53 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:25:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:01 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:02 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:03 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:04 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:05 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:06 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:07 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:08 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:09 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:10 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:11 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:12 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:13 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:14 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:15 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:31 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:32 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:33 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:46 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:47 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:48 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:49 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:50 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:51 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:52 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:53 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:26:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:17 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:18 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:19 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:20 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:21 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:22 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:23 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:24 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:25 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:26 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:27 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:28 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:29 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:31 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:32 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:33 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:27:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:01 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:02 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:03 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:04 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:05 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:06 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:07 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:08 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:09 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:10 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:11 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:12 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:13 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:14 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:15 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:16 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:17 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:18 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:19 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:20 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:21 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:22 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:23 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:24 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:25 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:26 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:27 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:28 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:29 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:47 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:48 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:49 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:50 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:51 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:52 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:53 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:28:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:01 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:02 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:03 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:04 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:05 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:06 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:07 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:08 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:09 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:10 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:11 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:12 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:13 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:14 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:15 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:33 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:46 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:47 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:48 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:49 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:50 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:51 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:52 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:53 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:29:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:16 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:17 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:18 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:19 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:20 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:21 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:22 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:23 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:24 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:25 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:26 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:27 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:28 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:29 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:31 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:32 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:33 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:30:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:03 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:04 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:05 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:06 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:07 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:08 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:09 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:10 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:11 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:12 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:13 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:14 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:15 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:16 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:17 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:18 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:19 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:20 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:21 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:22 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:23 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:24 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:25 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:26 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:27 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:28 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:29 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:46 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:47 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:48 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:49 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:50 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:51 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:52 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:53 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:31:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:01 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:02 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:03 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:04 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:05 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:06 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:07 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:08 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:09 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:10 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:11 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:12 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:13 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:14 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:15 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:32 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:33 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:46 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:47 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:48 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:49 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:50 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:51 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:52 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:53 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:32:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:19 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:20 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:21 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:22 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:23 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:24 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:25 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:26 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:27 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:28 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:29 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:31 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:32 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:33 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:33:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:01 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:02 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:03 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:04 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:05 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:06 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:07 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:08 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:09 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:10 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:11 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:12 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:13 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:14 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:15 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:16 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:17 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:18 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:19 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:20 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:21 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:22 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:23 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:24 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:25 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:26 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:27 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:28 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:29 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:46 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:47 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:48 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:49 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:50 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:51 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:52 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:53 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:34:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:01 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:02 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:03 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:04 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:05 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:06 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:07 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:08 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:09 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:10 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:11 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:12 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:13 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:14 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:15 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:32 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:33 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:46 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:47 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:48 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:49 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:50 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:51 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:52 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:53 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:54 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:55 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:56 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:57 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:58 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:35:59 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:00 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:21 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:22 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:23 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:24 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:25 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:26 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:27 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:28 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:29 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:30 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:31 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:32 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:33 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:34 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:35 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:36 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:37 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:38 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:39 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:40 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:41 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:42 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:43 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:44 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:45 So, how to make it happen in the future.
0:36:57 And with Instacart helping deliver the snack time MVPs to your door, you’re ready for the game in as fast as 30 minutes. So, you never have to miss a play or lose your seat on the couch or have to go head to head for the last chicken wing.
0:37:03 Shop Game Day faves on Instacart and enjoy $0 delivery fees on your first three grocery orders.
0:37:06 Offer valid for a limited time. Other fees and terms apply.
0:37:18 Autograph Collection Hotels offer over 300 independent hotels around the world, each exactly like nothing else.
0:37:29 Hand selected for their inherent craft, each hotel tells its own unique story through distinctive design and immersive experiences from medieval falconry to volcanic wine tasting.
0:37:36 Autograph Collection is part of the Marriott Bonvoy portfolio of over 30 hotel brands around the world.
0:37:42 Find the unforgettable at AutographCollection.com
0:37:43 Professor, do you have children?
0:37:47 I have two. They are 23 and 21.
0:37:51 How did this work impact your approach to raising kids?
0:37:57 When I started graduate school, I was pregnant with Lucy and I think I was still nursing Amanda.
0:38:02 So, I was becoming a mom at the same time as I was becoming a psychologist.
0:38:07 And because I really didn’t know anything about psychology, I really was starting from scratch, right?
0:38:13 I wasn’t a psychology major. I majored in neurobiology. I had a master’s in neuroscience, but it was really a very different thing.
0:38:17 So, I was learning about everything, Piaget for the first, I mean everything.
0:38:24 And then I would come home and turn the key and the lock and then I would walk over the threshold and I would be a mom and not a psychology student.
0:38:37 But of course, it was all the same me and so I feel like my study of self-control and of grit and of effort and the foil for those things,
0:38:45 which are whatever it is to be innately talented or naturally intelligent, I mean, it was just all in my head.
0:38:58 And I think how it influenced my parenting and I should say our parenting because my husband Jason and I were, you know, talking every night about like what I was learning as a researcher.
0:39:10 I mean, I did raise them to believe that excellence comes from, you know, pick your favorite quote, but let’s take John Wooden, the UCLA basketball coach, right?
0:39:21 Who said there are eight laws of learning, explanation, demonstration, imitation, how to get the repetition.
0:39:28 Oh, and then the last ones are easy. Repetition, repetition, repetition, repetition, so five of the eight, right, are the same.
0:39:37 So, I did raise them to not think of excellence as a magic trick, you know, they’re 23 and 21, so they’re still sampling.
0:39:42 But I will say, I think they, you know, drank the Kool-Aid, so to speak.
0:39:47 I’ll start with the thesis. I coach a lot of young men.
0:39:56 My general and there is some research here that while physically stronger boys are emotionally and psychologically weaker than girls.
0:40:04 If they’re raised in a single parent household, they’re much less likely their outcomes are worse when they lose a male role model.
0:40:11 Or is when girls are in, go from dual parent to single parent homes, they have similar outcomes. They’re more resilient.
0:40:17 Have you found any research that finds that young women are more resilient or demonstrate more grit than young men?
0:40:27 I had a female neurosurgeon approach, Maine, it’s been a few years, so I can’t remember much about the interaction except for that she had a hypothesis.
0:40:31 She said, you know, there aren’t many of us meaning female neurosurgeons.
0:40:40 In fact, they apparently, if I recall correctly, which I may not because it’s been a few years, like they have a number because there’s so few that like, you know, it’s like a deli.
0:40:44 You know, you get the next number, I don’t know what number she was, 125 or whatever she was.
0:40:53 And she said, I just can’t believe that there’s equal grit among the female and the male neurosurgeons in part just because of selection, right?
0:40:56 It’s like a fine mesh sieve and we’re still here.
0:41:01 So we did do a little study. We, or she, I should say, you know, I just gave her the grit scale.
0:41:08 The grit scale is a 12-item questionnaire and has very obvious items, you know, setbacks don’t discourage me.
0:41:16 I finish whatever I begin. It’s got passion items about having consistency in a goal for very long periods of time.
0:41:25 And when the data came back, I’ll tell you, you know, she did not find a statistically significant gender difference, I think, favoring either side, honestly.
0:41:32 Now, that doesn’t mean there aren’t any. There are lots of, you know, boring aspects of self-report questionnaires that we can talk about.
0:41:40 One of them, though, that’s very relevant to looking at gender differences is something I studied, it’s called reference bias.
0:41:46 So, Scott, if you take a questionnaire and I take a questionnaire and we read the same item, I am a hard worker.
0:41:52 You first conjure up an image of a hard worker and then you measure yourself to that standard.
0:42:03 One of the things that I think may obscure gender differences is that if that person has higher standards, then you have two forces that are working in opposition.
0:42:10 On one hand, they may really be grittier. On the other hand, their higher standard is going to yield a lower score.
0:42:15 And this has absolutely been documented in cross-cultural research.
0:42:23 So, in one study, there are over, I think, 60 countries and it wasn’t a grit scale, but it was a measure of overall conscientiousness, right?
0:42:31 Big five, conscientiousness, you know, being orderly and responsible and I, you know, imagine like, you know, detail-oriented.
0:42:35 But also, by the way, this is the family that includes grit and self-control, so that family.
0:42:44 And they gave it to people in all these different countries and then the very simple question was, like, what are the most conscientious countries in the world?
0:42:54 And when the data came in, it was fairly shocking because whereas the, you know, leaders were not especially clear, but what I remember from the paper was that the losers were.
0:43:02 So, the lowest conscientious countries were, I think, Japan, like South Korea, like maybe China.
0:43:06 I mean, these countries that stereotypically, you’re like, really? Like, really?
0:43:15 And what I believe and I think what the authors of this research report also believe is that what you’re really revealing there are standards, right?
0:43:22 It’s probably that, you know, the same words are on the paper, but they’re essentially answering different questionnaires.
0:43:26 So, on gender, I have not found reliable gender differences in grit.
0:43:28 That’s probably a good thing, yes.
0:43:33 You know, I don’t know whether there really are, but I will say this.
0:43:38 I think I have to be careful because I think I’m actually biased towards women.
0:43:41 So, I’m aware of that.
0:43:46 You know, I will say there is a gender difference that we haven’t talked about that goes against your hypothesis.
0:43:55 And I’ll say these are data that come from, like, giving women tasks like an IQ test and men the same IQ test.
0:43:56 There are differences in confidence.
0:44:00 There are differences in, you know, like, okay, you just took this test.
0:44:01 Scott, what do you think you did?
0:44:04 Like, how do you think, how do you, oh, I think I did great, right?
0:44:08 Women with the same score will be like, oh, you know, terribly, right?
0:44:16 So, I think there are differences in confidence that are not necessarily justified, but also would work against your hypothesis.
0:44:19 So, you have a new book you’ve been writing on the power of the situation.
0:44:22 You say that the entire book can be summarized with this sentence.
0:44:27 Achieving your goals is easier when you make your situation your ally.
0:44:29 That feels very obvious.
0:44:32 Putting yourself in the right room, the right context, the right platform.
0:44:34 Say more about that.
0:44:40 Do some people not recognize the importance of the context or the situation?
0:44:46 I think there are, you know, two reasons why people do not recognize the power of the situation.
0:44:56 One is, you know, Victor Frankel’s, you know, the message that people heard from Man Search for Meaning that some people heard is that, well, unfortunately, you cannot change your circumstances.
0:44:59 But you can change how you respond to them.
0:45:03 You know, I don’t think that’s actually what Victor Frankel meant.
0:45:11 I mean, I don’t think Victor Frankel was like, so what, there are concentration camps and Nazis and, you know, our entire people are being extinguished.
0:45:15 What really matters is our attitude because we have to control the controllables.
0:45:18 So, I think there’s a kind of misunderstanding.
0:45:22 I think many circumstances are given, but not all.
0:45:27 And I think that impediment, that kind of like, oh, you got to control the controllables, meaning yourself.
0:45:33 And, you know, this list of things that you can’t control gets rounded up to be everything, right?
0:45:39 So, I think people do overlook the situation in part because they assume it’s a given.
0:45:46 And the second reason is that even when you can control your, let’s say, gozempic as one very controversial example, right?
0:45:51 I think there are people who would consider taking gozempic for weight loss to be a form of weakness.
0:46:00 You know, sort of, you know, kind of, well, if you were stronger, if you, you know, were just more disciplined, if you, dot, dot, dot.
0:46:03 Well, then you wouldn’t need to rely on this crutch, right?
0:46:06 People think like using chatGBT is cheating, right?
0:46:15 And I know you can actually cheat with chatGBT, but these are just two features of your situation that you could use to your advantage or not use to your advantage.
0:46:22 So, the second reason I think we overlook the power of the situation is that it feels like cheating when the situation is helping us.
0:46:28 And the very cover of grits, which I don’t even know if I have back here, but anyway, on this bookshelf, there might be a copy of grit.
0:46:35 And if I pulled it out, you know, it’s this one big arrow going to the right against these little arrows that go to the left.
0:46:42 And the idea of grit, I think, is about overcoming, you know, overcoming aspects of your situation for sure.
0:46:51 But I think what that leaves out, it’s not that this book is a correction, but I do think it’s a completion of the idea, is that it’s great to have a big arrow pointing to the right.
0:46:52 It’s great to work hard.
0:46:55 It’s great to pick yourself up and be resilient.
0:47:00 But why not do that in a river that’s flowing in your direction?
0:47:16 Last question here. Two or three pieces of advice to parents who recognize the importance of grit and want to do what they can to try and instill a sense of grit, putting their kids in the right context or situation to be successful.
0:47:27 If you tried to distill it down, and every book on parenting I read just kind of says to me, no one has any idea. Every book I read seems to contradict the one before it.
0:47:35 But could you, are there two or three things that you would say are kind of tried and true in terms of helping your kids establish this fantastic competence?
0:47:44 You know, I think every kid benefits from having a kind of surrogate parent at a certain point, often in their teen years, sometimes younger.
0:47:52 And what I mean by that is their track coach, their violin teacher, the AP history teacher who really pushed them.
0:47:57 And why are these surrogate parents so, I don’t know, essential even is one word that comes to mind.
0:47:59 So listen to them.
0:48:03 Well, exactly, because we are rejecting the actual parents that we have.
0:48:06 And I watched it with my own kids.
0:48:12 You’ve got to outsource some of these parents because there’s almost nothing you can do.
0:48:17 One day my daughter comes home from like track practice and she was like, oh, you got to get bed early.
0:48:18 I need to drink water.
0:48:20 Like, you know, I can’t be eating all this crap.
0:48:24 And I was like, like, I’ve been saying all these things, especially on the sleep.
0:48:27 And it’s like, oh, because our track coach told her, right?
0:48:30 So I think one thing is outsourcing some of the modeling.
0:48:35 And I think that does come through extracurricular activities almost always, right?
0:48:41 And I guess the, you know, the second thing is, you know, we talked a little bit about sampling versus specializing.
0:48:46 I remember vividly, I think it was like the headmaster when these elite schools,
0:48:49 it may or may not have been where Bill Gates went to school,
0:48:56 and it may or may not have been the principal or head of the school that he attended while he was attending it.
0:49:03 But I remember what he said, which is that when he looked at the parents of the kids who ended up being very successful,
0:49:09 you know, the parents were watching their kids like hawks for what sparked their kids’ interest.
0:49:13 And I know it sounds like kind of like a, you know, soft or hooky thing,
0:49:17 but like, you know what, if your kid’s not interested in something, they’re not going to be great at it.
0:49:25 And so looking for those, I think looking for flickers of interest is more important than looking at flickers of talent, right?
0:49:31 Not just like what seems to come easily to your kid, but what holds their attention, you know, those are the seeds of passion.
0:49:42 So I lied, one final, final question. What can kill grit? What do you need to avoid? What can get you stuck or reduce the levels of grit?
0:49:48 Well, we talked about the situation. We, you know, don’t have a whole conversation on burnout.
0:49:54 But I do think there’s a nuance here. Like, if you just look at correlations between grit and burnout,
0:49:58 the grittier people are less burned out. That’s honestly not shocking.
0:50:05 But I think really gritty people are in some ways at the highest risk of burnout because slackers don’t get burned out.
0:50:11 And gritty people work so hard and they are so tenacious. So what imperils grit?
0:50:17 I think when you asked about, you know, you know, what are the environments, the crucible, I said, like, I’m listening to your story.
0:50:25 I hear a lot of challenge. I’m guessing that there’s another through line of support somewhere in there or Scott wouldn’t become Scott.
0:50:32 So I think burnout is what happens when you try really, really hard in a very gritty way, probably.
0:50:41 And somehow things are just not working for you. And when that happens, I think looking outside of yourself instead of inside yourself,
0:50:47 looking at what could make it easier to accomplish your goals as opposed to berating yourself for not trying harder.
0:50:49 Honestly, Scott, that’s what I’m trying to do.
0:50:57 Yeah, forgive yourself. Angela Duckworth is a psychologist, the co-founder of Character Lab and a professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania.
0:51:04 She’s also the author of the number one New York Times bestseller, Grit, The Power of Passion and Perseverance.
0:51:10 She joined us from her office at the great educational institution, the University of Pennsylvania.
0:51:19 Professor, you own, you literally own a character attribute. That is such good for you. Well done.
0:51:26 Oh, it’s not patented. You know, when the Flyers named their, the Philadelphia Flyers hockey team, when they named their mascot, Gritty,
0:51:30 no royalties were exchanged, nor should they have been.
0:51:39 Yeah, but more importantly, when people say to your kids, who is your mom, my mom was a grit woman, there’s just a lot worse things you could say about people.
0:51:42 Congratulations on your success. Thank you, Scott.
0:51:59 Algebra of happiness. I’ve been thinking a lot about masculinity. I’m writing a book on it and some younger people said masculinity is an outdated word.
0:52:03 So it might be notes on becoming a man and I’m trying to write a book.
0:52:13 It not only talks about I’m not trying to position myself as an expert because I’m not, but talking about where I failed as a man and what I’ve learned and where I’ve done okay.
0:52:25 And I think I’ve been thinking a lot about the election and some of the swing voters still up for grabs are young men and the Democratic Party has done a terrible job of making young men feel seen.
0:52:36 And what does that mean programs acknowledging that young men are struggling, but they are, I believe the election might be won by young men, and that is or loss, if you will, or decided, I should say.
0:52:42 And that is this election was supposed to be seen as a referendum on women’s rights. And I think that’s largely the case.
0:52:49 But I think people who feel strongly about bodily autonomy one way or the other have already decided it’s young men that are up for grabs.
0:52:59 And I’d like to think that everyone should have a code. And I’d like to think that masculinity or an aspirational modern form masculinity could be a great code.
0:53:08 And this is why I am supporting or one of the reasons I am supporting and we always get shit for being political on the show.
0:53:11 I get it. That’s not why you invited me here, but I want to be transparent.
0:53:18 I think the economy is doing really well and or better than most people want to acknowledge it’s not evenly distributed.
0:53:21 But we have the least bad economy in the world right now.
0:53:29 And when I think about your code of being a man or becoming a man, I think of three legs of the stool.
0:53:32 I think provider protector and procreator.
0:53:41 So provider is much easier to be a provider in a strong economy. And this is lowest unemployment rate, high GDP growth, lowest inflation.
0:53:48 I think you’re more likely to be able to be a provider in this economy, protector.
0:53:56 I think men’s first instinct should be to protection. Real men break up fights. They don’t start them. Real men defend their country.
0:54:01 They don’t shit post it. Real men immediately their default setting is protection.
0:54:06 And then this is the one that’s a little harder or a little more controversial, procreator.
0:54:12 The most wonderful thing in my life, hands down, is raising boys with a competent partner.
0:54:19 And how did it start? Sex. I didn’t see my partner at the pool at the Raleigh Hotel and think, “Wow, she’d be great.
0:54:25 I bet she’s really good with a 401(k) or at some points going to buy apartments and fix them up and generate cash flow for us.”
0:54:30 I thought, “I’d really like to have sex with that woman.” And I think sex is a wonderful thing.
0:54:35 And I think desiring sex and wanting to be physical with women, I think that is how most relationships start.
0:54:42 And then you have sex or you’re physical, you really enjoy it. You start hanging out together and you find you like each other
0:54:48 and you find you miss that person and you decide to build a life together and maybe have kids. That’s the whole shooting match.
0:54:55 AI, GDP growth, Trump versus Harris, that is all a means to the ends. And the ends is deep and meaningful relationships.
0:55:00 Specifically, the most important one will be who you have kids with and see above sex.
0:55:10 I think it’s good for men to be, I don’t want to say aggressive, but to initiate contact, to approach strange women or strange men
0:55:14 and express romantic interests while making them feel safe.
0:55:21 If you approach somebody at a bar, ask them out for coffee, whatever it is and they’re not interested, you’re both going to be fine.
0:55:25 You are a provider, a protector and a procreator.
0:55:33 This episode was produced by Jennifer Sanchez and Caroline Shagren and Drew Burroughs is our technical director.
0:55:36 Thank you for listening to the PropG Pod from the Vox Media Podcast Network.
0:55:40 We will catch you on Saturday for No Mercy, No Malice as read by George Hahn.
0:55:46 And please follow our PropG Markets Pod wherever you get your pods for new episodes every Monday and Thursday.
0:55:50 The number one selling product of its kind with over 20 years of research and innovation.
0:55:57 Botox Cosmetic, adobatulinum toxin A is a prescription medicine used to temporarily make moderate to severe frown lines,
0:56:01 crow’s feet and forehead lines look better in adults.
0:56:05 Effects of Botox Cosmetic may spread hours to weeks after injection causing serious symptoms.
0:56:11 Alert your doctor right away as difficulties swallowing, speaking, breathing, eye problems or muscle weakness may be a sign of a life-threatening condition.
0:56:14 Patients with these conditions before injection are at highest risk.
0:56:17 Don’t receive Botox Cosmetic if you have a skin infection.
0:56:22 Side effects may include allergic reactions, injection site pain, headache, eyebrow and eyelid drooping and eyelid swelling.
0:56:25 Allergic reactions can include rash, welts, asthma symptoms and dizziness.
0:56:27 Tell your doctor about medical history.
0:56:34 Muscle or nerve conditions including ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease, myasthenia gravis or Lambert Eaton syndrome and medications including botulinum toxins.
0:56:36 As these may increase the risk of serious side effects.
0:56:42 For full safety information, visit botoxcosmetic.com or call 877-351-0300.
0:56:46 See for yourself at botoxcosmetic.com.
0:56:49 Support for this podcast comes from Anthropic.
0:56:53 It’s not always easy to harness the power and potential of AI.
0:57:01 For all the talk around its revolutionary potential, a lot of AI systems feel like they’re designed for specific tasks performed by a select few.
0:57:05 Well Clawed by Anthropic is AI for everyone.
0:57:11 The latest model, Clawed 3.5 Sonnet, offers groundbreaking intelligence at an everyday price.
0:57:18 Clawed Sonnet can generate code, help with writing and reason through hard problems better than any model before.
0:57:24 You can discover how Clawed can transform your business at Anthropic.com/clawed.
0:57:25 Claude.
0:57:28 (upbeat music)