Planet Money
President Donald Trump has been pressuring the Federal Reserve from a few angles. So we wanted to look at other examples of political pressure on central banks, to see what it might mean for us and for the economy.
Enter the watchers. The people who’ve had their eyes trained on central banks all over the world, for years, notebooks out, scribbling down their observations. They’ve been trying to gauge just how independent of political pressure central banks actually are – and what happens when a central bank loses that independence.
Today on the show, we sidle up next to three of the leading central bank watchers, to watch what they’re watching.
Further reading:
– Carolina Garriga’s: Central bank independence and inflation volatility in developing countries
– Lev Menand’s: A New Measure of Central Bank Independence
– Carola Binder’s: Political Pressure on Central Banks
Further listening:
– Lisa Cook and the fight for the Fed
– A primer on the Federal Reserve’s independence
– The case for Fed independence in the Nixon tapes
– A Locked Door, A Secret Meeting And The Birth Of The Fed
Listen free: Apple Podcasts, Spotify, the NPR app or anywhere you get podcasts.
Facebook / Instagram / TikTok / Our weekly Newsletter.
This episode was produced by Willa Rubin with help from Sam Yellowhorse Kesler. It was edited by Marianne McCune and fact-checked by Sierra Juarez. Engineering by Robert Rodriguez and Maggie Luthar. Alex Goldmark is Planet Money’s executive producer.
Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices

-
What Kamala Harris’ economic agenda might look like
Last weekend we were all thrown for a loop when President Joe Biden dropped out of the presidential race and endorsed Kamala Harris for the nomination. Just like everyone else, we are trying to quickly…
-
The color monopoly
In 2022, artist Stuart Semple opened up his laptop to find that all his designs had turned black overnight. All the colors, across files on Adobe products like Photoshop and Illustrator, were gone. Who had…
-
Summer School 2: The golden ages of labor and looms
Who has the power? Workers or bosses? It changes through the ages, though it’s usually the bosses. Today, we look at two key moments when the power of labor shifted, for better and worse, and…
-
Rooftop solar’s dark side
4.5 million households in the U.S. have solar panels on their homes. Most of those customers are happy with it – their electricity bills have just about disappeared, and it’s great for the planet. But…
-
Summer School 1: An Economic History of the World
Planet Money Summer School is back for eight weeks. Join as we travel back in time to find the origins of our economic way of life. Today we ask surprisingly hard question: What is money?…
-
How flying got so bad (or did it?)
We often hear that air travel is worse than it’s ever been. Gone are the days when airplanes touted piano bars and meat carving stations — or even free meals. Instead we’re crammed into tiny…
-
The two companies driving the modern economy
At the core of most of the electronics we use today are some very tiny, very powerful chips. Semiconductor chips. And they are mighty: they help power our phones, laptops, and cars. They enable advances…
-
Do immigrants really take jobs and lower wages?
We wade into the heated debate over immigrants’ impact on the labor market. When the number of workers in a city increases, does that take away jobs from the people who already live and work…
-
The Carriage Tax (Update)
(Note: A version of this episode originally ran in 2019.) In 1794, George Washington decided to raise money for the federal government by taxing the rich. He did it by putting a tax on horse-drawn…
-
The Vapes of Wrath
When the vape brand Juul first hit the market back in 2015, e-cigarettes were in a kind of regulatory limbo. At the time, the rules that governed tobacco cigarettes did not explicitly apply to e-cigarettes.…