Dr. Layne Norton: The Science of Eating for Health, Fat Loss & Lean Muscle

My guest is Layne Norton, Ph.D. — one of the world’s foremost experts in nutrition, protein metabolism, muscle gain and fat loss. We discuss the science of energy utilization and balance, the efficacy of different diets (e.g., ketogenic, vegan, vegetarian, carnivore, omnivore), and how best to build lean muscle mass and lose fat. We also discuss optimal protein and fiber intake, the best sources of protein, the correlation between appetite, satiety signals and exercise, along with male and female-specific needs. Dr. Norton also explains how to support a healthy gut microbiome and offers insight into sugar and artificial sweeteners, processed, cooked, and raw foods, supplements, seed oils, and the relationship of LDL/HDL levels to cardiovascular health. This episode serves as a master class in nutrition, metabolism and exercise and is sure to benefit people of all ages and with different health and fitness goals.

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.

Thank you to our sponsors

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Supplements from Momentous

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Timestamps

(00:00:00) Dr. Layne Norton, Nutrition & Fitness

(00:03:10) Sponsor: LMNT

(00:06:50) Calories & Cellular Energy Production

(00:12:35) Energy Balance, Food Labels, Fiber

(00:15:19) Resting Metabolic Rate, Thermic Effect of Food

(00:19:04) Exercise & Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)

(00:25:49) Losing Weight, Tracking Calories, Daily Weighing

(00:29:24) Post-Exercise Metabolic Rate, Appetite

(00:34:35) Sponsor: AG1

(00:36:19) Exercise & Appetite, Calorie Trackers, Placebo Effects & Beliefs

(00:43:46) Exercise & Satiety Signals, Maintain Weight Loss & Identity

(00:56:32) Weight Loss & Maintenance, Diet Adherence

(01:03:33) Restrictive Diets & Transition Periods

(01:08:03) Gut Health & Appetite

(01:16:23) Tool: Supporting Gut Health, Fiber & Longevity

(01:23:59) LDL, HDL & Cardiovascular Disease

(01:30:31) Leucine, mTOR & Protein Synthesis

(01:37:31) Tool: Daily Protein Intake & Muscle Mass

(01:44:24) Protein & Fasting, Lean Body Mass

(01:55:38) Plant-Based Proteins: Whey, Soy, Leucine, Corn, Pea

(02:04:28) Processed Foods

(02:11:54) Obesity Epidemic, Calorie Intake & Energy Output

(02:17:33) Obesity, Sugar & Fiber, Restriction & Craving

(02:25:57) Artificial Sweeteners & Blood Sugar

(02:38:55) Artificial Sweeteners & Gut Microbiome, Sucralose, Blood Sugar

(02:50:19) Rapid Weight Loss, Satiety & Beliefs

(02:58:13) Seed Oils & Obesity, Saturated Fat, Overall Energy Toxicity

(03:08:15) Females, Diet, Exercise & Menstrual Cycles

(03:14:05) Raw vs. Cooked Foods

(03:16:32) Berberine & Glucose Scavenging

(03:19:12) Fiber & Gastric Emptying Time

(03:21:00) Supplements, Creatine Monohydrate, Rhodiola Rosea

(03:30:33) Hard Training; Challenge & Mental Resilience

(03:36:12) Carbon App

(03:47:11) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Neural Network Newsletter, Social Media

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

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Dr. Eddie Chang: The Science of Learning & Speaking Languages

My guest is Eddie Chang, MD, a neurosurgeon and professor of neurological surgery at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and the co-director of the Center for Neural Engineering & Prostheses. We discuss the brain mechanisms underlying speech, language learning and comprehension, communicating human emotion with words and hand gestures, bilingualism and language disorders, such as stuttering. Dr. Chang also explains his work developing and applying state-of-the-art technology to decode speech and using that information and artificial intelligence (AI) to successfully restore communication to patients who have suffered paralyzing injuries or “locked in syndrome.” We also discuss his work treating patients with epilepsy. Finally, we consider the future: how modern neuroscience is overturning textbook medical books, the impact of digital technology such as smartphones on language and the future of natural and computer-assisted human communication.

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.

Thank you to our sponsors

AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman

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Supplements from Momentous

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Timestamps

(00:00:00) Dr. Eddie Chang, Speech & Language

(00:03:16) Sponsor: LMNT

(00:07:19) Neuroplasticity, Learning of Speech & Environmental Sounds

(00:13:10) White Noise Machines, Infant Sleep & Sensitization

(00:17:26) Mapping Speech & Language in the Brain

(00:24:26) Emotion; Anxiety & Epilepsy

(00:30:19) Epilepsy, Medications & Neurosurgery

(00:33:01) Ketogenic Diet & Epilepsy

(00:34:04) Sponsor: AG1

(00:36:10) Absence Seizures, Nocturnal Seizures & Other Seizure Types

(00:41:08) Brain Areas for Speech & Language, Broca’s & Wernicke’s Areas, New Findings

(00:53:23) Lateralization of Speech/Language & Handedness, Strokes

(00:59:05) Bilingualism, Shared Language Circuits

(01:01:18) Speech vs. Language, Signal Transduction from Ear to Brain

(01:12:38) Shaping Breath: Larynx, Vocal Folds & Pharynx; Vocalizations

(01:17:37) Mapping Language in the Brain

(01:20:26) Plosives & Consonant Clusters; Learning Multiple Languages

(01:25:07) Motor Patterns of Speech & Language

(01:28:33) Reading & Writing; Dyslexia & Treatments

(01:34:47) Evolution of Language

(01:37:54) Stroke & Foreign Accent Syndrome

(01:40:31) Auditory Memory, Long-Term Motor Memory

(01:45:26) Paralysis, ALS, “Locked-In Syndrome” & Brain Computer Interface (BCI)

(02:02:14) Neuralink, BCI, Superhuman Skills & Augmentation

(02:10:21) Non-Verbal Communication, Facial Expressions, BCI & Avatars

(02:17:35) Stutter, Anxiety & Treatment

(02:22:55) Tools: Practices for Maintaining Calm Under Extreme Demands

(02:31:10) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Huberman Lab Premium, Neural Network Newsletter, Social Media

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

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Fitness Toolkit: Protocol & Tools to Optimize Physical Health

I describe a fitness protocol that maximizes all the major sought-after aspects of physical fitness, including strength, endurance and flexibility. I discuss fundamentals of resistance training protocols, including repetitions, sets, inter-set and inter-workout rest periods and periodization of intensity and volume to improve strength and hypertrophy. I also explain how to integrate this with endurance training across the week by controlling the duration, timing and intensity of cardiovascular workouts. I also cover science-based protocols on leveraging the mind-body connection, deliberate breathing (during and after exercise), stretching, deliberate heat and cold exposure, and non-sleep deep rest (NSDR) for better workout performance and faster recovery. Further, I tackle a range of real-world issues that can affect a consistent training schedule, such as whether you should train if you are sick, have had a poor night of sleep or had a stressful event and how to start training again after a break and whether you should train in a fasted or fed state. Physical fitness is a key variable for immediate and long-term health. This episode provides a modifiable “foundational” template that can be adjusted based on your current fitness level, goals, time constraints, and access to different types of equipment.

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.

Thank you to our sponsors

AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman

LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman

Supplements from Momentous

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Huberman Lab Premium

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Timestamps

(00:00:00) Foundational Protocol for Fitness

(00:04:35) Tool: Soleus (Calf) Push-Ups, Glucose Utilization & Metabolism

(00:13:49) Sponsor: LMNT

(00:18:53) Core Principles of Fitness & Modifiable Variables

(00:23:37) Day 1: Long Endurance Workout

(00:34:38) Day 2: Leg Resistance Training, Strength & Hypertrophy

(00:36:13) Sponsor: AG1

(00:39:22) Key Principles of Resistance Training

(00:51:10) Day 3: Heat & Cold Exposure, Recovery

(01:00:35) Day 4: Torso & Neck Resistance Training

(01:09:55) Day 5: Moderate Intensity Cardiovascular Training, Running Alternatives

(01:16:43) Day 6: High-Intensity Interval Training, Maximum Heart Rate

(01:24:10) Day 7: Arms, Neck & Calves Resistance Training

(01:28:45) Flexibility of Foundational Protocol, Workout Spacing

(01:33:00) Tool: Mind-Muscle Contraction, Physiological Sighs 

(01:37:10) Safety & Endurance/Cardiovascular Workouts

(01:38:32) Tool: Stress or Poor Sleep & Workouts, Recovery & NSDR

(01:41:20) Should You Train Fasted or Fed?

(01:43:58) Tool: Static Stretching & Flexibility, Irradiation & Resistance Training

(01:49:10) Tool: Hanging from a Bar & Fitness Metric 

(01:50:16) Should You Train Sick?, Ramping Training

(01:53:33) Tool: Deliberate Slow Breathing & Recovery

(01:55:00) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Huberman Lab Premium, Neural Network Newsletter, Social Media

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

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Dr. Nolan Williams: Psychedelics & Neurostimulation for Brain Rewiring

In this episode, my guest is Nolan Williams, M.D., a triple board-certified psychiatrist, neurologist and professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford School of Medicine. He is also the Director of the Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab. We discuss clinical applications for brain stimulation, behavioral protocols and novel drug treatments to halt and reverse mental health disorders, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We first discuss the neural circuits for self-identity and mood and stress control. We discuss Dr. Williams’ work using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to depression, trauma, PTSD, and other mood disorders. We then dive deep into the history, biology, modern use, and safety margins of the various psychedelics, including MDMA, LSD, ketamine, ibogaine, ayahuasca, and psilocybin, as well as cannabis and the use of SSRIs in both adults and children. Finally, we discuss behavioral treatments for mental health disorders, including sleep and sleep deprivation, light exposure, exercise, and training to control the brain-heart-rate pathways. Regardless of age, all those interested in mental health should benefit from the incredible breadth and depth of Dr. Williams’ knowledge and the clarity with which he conveys that information.

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.

Thank you to our sponsors

AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman

LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman

Supplements from Momentous

https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman

Timestamps

(00:00:00) Dr. Nolan Williams, Brain Stimulation & Depression Treatment

(00:03:48) Sponsors: LMNT

(00:09:16) Depression, Risk Factors, Emergency Psychiatric Treatments

(00:15:11) The Brain-Heart Connection, Vagus Nerve, Prefrontal Cortex

(00:17:51) Right vs. Left Brain Hemispheres & Mood Balance, Connectome

(00:22:34) Heart Rate & Depression, Behavioral Interventions, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

(00:33:02) Prefrontal Cortex & Cognitive Control, TMS

(00:35:30) Sponsor: AG1

(00:39:00) Belief/Identity “Rules”, Re-scripting, TMS & Talk Therapy

(00:45:49) Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, TMS & Depression Treatment

(00:48:36) Cingulate Cortex & Emotion, Dissociation & Catatonia

(00:54:27) Ketamine, the Opioid System & Depression; Psychedelic Experience or Biology?

(01:03:42) SSRIs, Serotonin & Depression; Childhood, Chemical Imbalance or Circuit?

(01:13:58) Memories & “Rule” Creation; Psilocybin & “Rule” Resolution

(01:21:00) MDMA & Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Treatment, Psilocybin & Depression Treatment

(01:24:12) Is MDMA Neurotoxic?, Drug Purity, Dopamine Surges, Post-MDMA Prolactin

(01:30:38) Psilocybin, Brain Connectivity & Depression Treatment

(01:34:53) Exposure Response Prevention: “Letting Go” & Depression Treatment

(01:41:23) Normal Spectrums for Mental Health Disorders

(01:45:35) Ibogaine & “Life Review”; PTSD, Depression & Clinical Trials

(01:57:16) Clinical Use of Psychedelics

(02:01:59) Ayahuasca, Brazilian Prisoner Study

(02:06:55) Cannabis: THC, CBD & Psychosis, Clinical Uses

(02:14:52) Personal Relative Drug Risk & Alcohol

(02:20:42) Circadian Reset for Depression, Sleep Deprivation, Light

(02:28:43) Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) Study

(02:34:25) Space Learning Theory & TMS Stimulation

(02:45:35) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Huberman Lab Premium, Neural Network Newsletter, Social Media

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

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The Effects of Cannabis (Marijuana) on the Brain & Body

In this episode, I discuss cannabis (aka marijuana), including the biological mechanisms underlying its effects on the mind and body, its known medical applications, its impact on libido, creativity, hunger, hormones and more. I also cover the known adverse health consequences of chronic and even acute (one-time) use and the factors that determine if cannabis is helpful or harmful. Additionally, I detail how the various strains of cannabis: sativa, indica and hybrid strains, can produce such divergent effects depending on the strain type, THC-to-CBD ratio, total dosage, and frequency of use. I review why cannabis can impact speech patterns and one’s propensity to develop anxiety/depression during and after use and, in some individuals, paranoia. As the legal landscape for cannabis is rapidly evolving, this episode should interest a wide audience, including former/current cannabis users, those in the medical, sports, law enforcement, and educational communities and, of course, children, teenagers, and parents.

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.

Thank you to our sponsors

AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman

LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman

Supplements from Momentous

https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman

Huberman Lab Premium

https://hubermanlab.com/premium

Timestamps

(00:00:00) Cannabis (Marijuana)

(00:005:02) Sponsor: LMNT

(00:07:03) Tool: Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR), Sleep & Anxiety

(00:15:08) Cannabis Strains, Psychoactive Compounds: THC & CBD

(00:19:34) Sativa vs. Indica, Stimulant vs. Relaxation Effects

(00:25:55) Hybrid Cannabis Strains, Type 1, 2 & 3 Strains

(00:31:56) Naturally Occurring Receptors: Nicotinic & Cannabinoid Receptors (CB1)

(00:35:18) Sponsor: AG1

(00:40:35) THC, CBD vs. Endogenous Cannabinoids, Dependence

(00:43:14) Endogenous Cannabinoids, Cannabinoid Receptors & Nervous System Function

(00:53:07) Biological Effects of Cannabis

(00:56:29) Cannabis Sativa & Subjective Effects: Mood, Stress, Alertness, Paranoia

(01:04:58) Cannabis Indica & Subjective Effects, Memory, Dosage

(01:09:41) Brain Areas Affected by THC & CBD, Side Effects

(01:16:08) Creativity: Convergent vs. Divergent Thinking & Dopamine

(01:26:41) Does Cannabis Increase Creativity?

(01:35:08) Chronic Cannabis Use & Changes in Speech Patterns

(01:46:46) Cannabis & Libido, Dopamine & Prolactin

(01:56:55) Cannabis & Hormones: Prolactin, Testosterone, Estrogen & Fertility

(02:06:53) Smoking/Vaping Tobacco or Cannabis & Negative Health Consequences

(02:10:06) Avoiding Cannabis During Pregnancy/Breastfeeding, Fetal Neural Development

(02:18:13) Negative Health Consequences of Cannabis, Anxiety & Depression, Tolerance

(02:25:57) Cannabis Use & Adolescence/Young Adulthood, Predisposition to Psychosis

(02:34:36) Adolescent Cannabis Use: Brain Development & Mental Health Disorders

(02:41:44) Cannabis & Pain Management, Divergent Effects of Cannabis

(02:44:54) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Huberman Lab Premium, Momentous Supplements, Neural Network Newsletter, Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn

 Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

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Dr. Casey Halpern: Biology & Treatments for Compulsive Behaviors & Binge Eating

My guest is Casey Halpern, M.D., Chief of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery and Professor of Neurosurgery at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Halpern’s research and clinical practice focus on using deep brain stimulation to treat compulsive and movement disorders (e.g., binge eating disorders, bulimia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Parkinson’s disease essential tremor, dystonia). We discuss using deep brain stimulation to help patients who suffer from movement and compulsive disorders and applying this treatment to patients afflicted with binge eating. We also explore applications of this technology to other conditions such as OCD, anorexia and tremor, and the future therapeutic directions of the use of non-invasive brain stimulation approaches, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and ultrasound, for the treatment of other psychiatric illnesses and conditions. This episode will interest those curious about the biology of eating, anorexia, bulimia, compulsive thoughts and behaviors, and movement.

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.

Thank you to our sponsors

AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman

LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman

Supplements from Momentous

https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman

Timestamps

(00:00:00) Dr. Casey Halpern & Disordered Eating & Brain Stimulation

(00:03:35) Sponsor: LMNT

(00:08:28) Neurosurgeon’s View of the Brain, Neurosurgery Specialization

(00:13:05) Deep Brain Stimulation & Other Unexpected Positive Effects

(00:17:20) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Prescriptions & Cognitive Therapies

(00:25:40) Brain Areas in OCD, Risk, Rewards & Addiction

(00:29:30) Sponsor: AG1

(00:32:27) Facial and Vocal Ticks, Stimulants, Stress & Superstition

(00:39:28) Nucleus Accumbens, Reward Circuits, Eating Disorders & Obesity

(00:47:18) Stimulation of Nucleus Accumbens, Continuous vs. Episodic Stimulation

(00:49:49) Binge Eating Disorder & Loss of Control Eating

(00:53:02) Developing Binge Eating Disorder: Predisposition, Environment, Stress

(01:02:07) Electrodes in Nucleus Accumbens, Identifying “Craving Cells”

(01:11:41) Effects of Stimulation, Interrupting Craving, Intermediate Stimulation

(01:16:46) Anorexia, Obesity & Compulsions, Potential Treatments for Anorexia

(01:23:14) Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

(01:32:27) MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound: Tremor, Essential Tremor & Parkinson’s

(01:36:40) Future of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Epilepsy & Depression

(01:41:51) Pre-Behavioral States in Compulsion & Awareness, Mood Provocation

(01:48:02) Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence & Compulsion Predictions

(01:53:05) Neurosurgeon Hands, Resistance Training & Deadlifts

(01:59:00) “Neurosurgeon Calm,” Quality Time & Prioritization, Neurosurgeon Training

(02:09:53) Daily Habits: Sleep, Exercise, Mediation

(02:11:59) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Neural Network Newsletter, Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn

 Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

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Nicotine’s Effects on the Brain & Body & How to Quit Smoking or Vaping

In this episode, I explain how nicotine impacts the brain and body, including its potent ability to enhance attention, focus, and alertness, increase blood pressure and metabolism and reduce appetite. I discuss nicotine’s ability to increase the action of neurochemicals, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine and activate sympathetic (alertness-promoting) neural circuits. I also discuss common nicotine delivery methods, such as cigarettes, vaping, dip, and snuff, and how they each create their own unique experience and how they, but not nicotine itself, cause cancer and other adverse health effects. I also explain science-based tools to permanently quit smoking cigarettes or vaping, including peer-reviewed clinical hypnosis tools, antidepressants, and alternative nicotine replacement (patches, lozenges, gums etc.). As nicotine is one of the most widely used substances with billions of users — most of whom report wanting to quit — this episode ought to be of interest to former/current nicotine users, those who want to quit smoking or vaping and/or those interested in learning the biology behind how nicotine impacts the brain and body.

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.

Thank you to our sponsors

AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman

LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman

Supplements from Momentous

https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman

Timestamps

(00:00:00) Nicotine

(00:03:41) Tool: Brief Daily Meditation & Focus

(00:05:59) The Arrow Model of Focus, Alpha GPC & Garlic Supplements

(00:10:05) Sponsor: LMNT

(00:14:35) Nicotine Effects vs. Methods of Delivery, Acetylcholine

(00:19:55) Where is Nicotine Found? Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

(00:25:12) Nicotine & Effects on the Brain: Appetite, Dopamine & GABA

(00:29:37) Sponsor: AG1

(00:32:11) Nicotine, Acetylcholine & Attentional “Spotlighting”

(00:37:29) Nicotine, Norepinephrine & Alertness/Energy

(00:41:10) Nicotine & Effects on Appetite & Metabolism

(00:46:47) Nicotine & Effects on Body: Sympathetic Tone

(00:51:29) Nicotine & Cognitive Work vs. Physical Performance

(00:55:08) Nicotine Delivery Methods & Side Effects, Young People & Dependency

(00:58:35) Smoking, Vaping, Dipping & Snuffing: Carcinogens & Endothelial Cells

(01:02:34) Smoking, Vaping, Dipping & Snuffing: Negative Impacts on Lifespan & Health

(01:09:23) How to Quit Smoking, Nicotine Cravings & Withdrawal

(01:13:56) Vaping & Nicotine, Rates of Effect Onset, Dopamine, Addiction & Depression

(01:25:06) Tool: Quitting Smoking & Clinical Hypnosis, Reveri

(01:30:16) Bupropion (Wellbutrin) & Quitting Smoking

(01:36:24) Tool: A Nicotine Replacement Schedule to Quit Smoking, Nicotine Patch/Gum

(01:41:52) Tool: Biological Homeostasis & Nicotine Withdrawal, The “First Week” Strategy

(01:51:39) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Neural Network Newsletter, Instagram, Twitter, Facebook

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

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Dr. David Anderson: The Biology of Aggression, Mating, & Arousal

My guest is David Anderson, PhD, a world expert in the science of sexual behavior, violent aggression, fear and other motivated states. Dr. Anderson is a Professor of Biology at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), a member of the National Academy of Sciences and an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). We discuss how states of mind (and body) arise and persist and how they probably better explain human behavior than emotions per se. We also discuss the many kinds of arousal that create varying levels of pressure for certain behaviors to emerge. We discuss different types of violent aggression and how they are impacted by biological sex, gender, context, prior experience, and hormones, and the neural interconnectedness of fear, aggression and sexual behavior. We also discuss peptides and their role in social isolation-induced anxiety and aggression. Dr. Anderson also describes novel, potentially powerful therapeutics for mental health. This episode should interest anyone wanting to learn more about mental health, human emotions, sexual and/or violent behavior.  

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.

Thank you to our sponsors

AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman

LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman

Supplements from Momentous

https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman

Timestamps

(00:00:00) Dr. David Anderson, Emotions & Aggression 

(00:03:49) Sponsors: LMNT

(00:08:10) Emotions vs. States

(00:10:36) Dimensions of States: Persistence, Intensity & Generalization

(00:14:38) Arousal & Valence 

(00:18:11) Aggression, Optogenetics & Stimulating Aggression in Mice, VMH

(00:24:42) Aggression Types: Offensive, Defensive & Predatory 

(00:29:20) Evolution & Development of Defensive vs. Offensive Behaviors, Fear

(00:35:38) Hydraulic Pressures for States & Homeostasis

(00:37:24) Sponsor: AG1

(00:39:46) Hydraulic Pressure & Aggression

(00:44:50) Balancing Fear & Aggression

(00:48:31) Aggression & Hormones: Estrogen, Progesterone & Testosterone

(00:52:33) Female Aggression, Motherhood

(00:59:48) Mating & Aggressive Behaviors 

(01:05:10) Neurobiology of Sexual Fetishes 

(01:10:06) Temperature, Mating Behavior & Aggression

(01:15:25) Mounting: Sexual Behavior or Dominance?

(01:20:59) Females & Male-Type Mounting Behavior

(01:24:40) PAG (Periaqueductal Gray) Brain Region: Pain Modulation & Fear 

(01:30:38) Tachykinins & Social Isolation: Anxiety, Fear & Aggression 

(01:43:49) Brain, Body & Emotions; Somatic Marker Hypothesis & Vagus Nerve 

(01:52:52) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, AG1 (Athletic Greens), Instagram, Twitter, Neural Network Newsletter, Huberman Lab Clips

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

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