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  • 664: The $1 Product Challenge

    AI transcript
    0:00:06 The $1 product challenge, how my guest earned $4,000 in just 10 days without paid ads.
    0:00:07 What’s up?
    0:00:07 What’s up?
    0:00:08 Nick Oloper here.
    0:00:12 Welcome to the Side Hustle Show, a light on the theory, heavy on the tactics.
    0:00:14 It’s an entrepreneurship podcast.
    0:00:16 You can actually apply.
    0:00:19 And you’ve been around online business for any length of time.
    0:00:23 I can almost guarantee you’ve heard the phrase, the money is in the list.
    0:00:29 And all the experts, myself included, extol the virtues of building your email list, right?
    0:00:32 It’s the platform that you own and control.
    0:00:37 You’re not at the whim of algorithm updates, social media changes.
    0:00:41 But the question is, are you building an email list of buyers?
    0:00:45 Subscribers are great, but you’re not buying groceries on subscribers alone.
    0:00:50 My guest today has a unique list building and business building strategy that throws free
    0:00:57 lead magnets out the window in favor of low-priced products starting at just $1 and has seen some
    0:01:01 exciting results, including that $4,000 in just 10 days.
    0:01:05 From growthmodels.co, Pete Boyle, welcome to the Side Hustle Show.
    0:01:06 Thank you for having me.
    0:01:07 It’s great to be here.
    0:01:07 You bet.
    0:01:08 I’m excited for this one.
    0:01:12 I got to know, what’s the $1 product that you came up with?
    0:01:12 How did this work?
    0:01:16 Basically, I found myself in a position where I tried a bunch of things in business that
    0:01:16 didn’t quite work out.
    0:01:19 As is always the case, you know, you try some new things, it doesn’t always work.
    0:01:23 And I was like, right, I need to get some good positive cash flow coming back in.
    0:01:28 Went back, tried the usual lead magnet, get people in, tried to nurture them towards buying
    0:01:31 from me somewhere down the line, a day or week, a month, whatever.
    0:01:32 It didn’t work.
    0:01:36 And so I was like, right, I need to actually get some customers coming in.
    0:01:42 And so at that time, you know, ChatGPT was doing huge numbers in terms of the actual, you
    0:01:43 know, daily usage.
    0:01:46 And custom GPTs had just come out.
    0:01:49 But most people weren’t really using custom GPTs.
    0:01:50 They didn’t know how to do them.
    0:01:54 So I sat down over a weekend and I thought, I’m going to figure out how I can create some
    0:01:55 custom GPTs.
    0:02:00 And much like the philosophy that’s now in the $1 product challenge, one of the things
    0:02:05 that I wanted to do was create something that was easy for the end user to use.
    0:02:08 Not like a big load of information, but a quick and easy solution.
    0:02:12 And I created some custom GPTs that were around content marketing.
    0:02:15 Because I spent a lot of my career doing content marketing for different brands.
    0:02:21 And I said, look, these are four custom GPTs that will help you identify a great topic,
    0:02:25 create great headline, do the brief that you need to send to a writer, and even help you
    0:02:26 with the first draft.
    0:02:29 Four of them, you can get all four for a dollar.
    0:02:30 Oh, okay.
    0:02:34 And then, yeah, it kind of spiraled from there because they were so easy to use and people
    0:02:38 could basically go in, answer a few questions, and get the results that they needed.
    0:02:42 And I kind of daisy-changed them along so you could take the output from one into the
    0:02:45 next to get the next stage, and so on, and so on.
    0:02:45 Okay.
    0:02:50 So this is rather than starting from, like, coming up with your own series of prompts to
    0:02:52 get the outcome that you want.
    0:02:55 And it’s kind of like a done-for-you type of pre-setup thing.
    0:02:56 Yeah, exactly.
    0:03:02 So one of the issues that I see now with a lot of the AI influencers, for lack of a better
    0:03:08 term, the lead magnets they’re using is like, here’s a thousand AI prompts that you can use.
    0:03:12 And I look at it and I think, well, that’s great, but I only need five that are really
    0:03:13 going to be useful for me.
    0:03:18 So you’ve given me more work that I’m going to have to go through all 1,000 to find the
    0:03:19 five that are useful for me.
    0:03:20 Yeah, I’m sure these are all great, right?
    0:03:22 But what’s most relevant?
    0:03:22 Exactly.
    0:03:25 And so I was just like, what if I do that work for you?
    0:03:28 And I say, right, answer these five questions about your audience, what you want to create
    0:03:32 content about, a couple of other sort of clarifying questions.
    0:03:33 And this will just create the end thing.
    0:03:36 Like answers that everybody would have.
    0:03:36 Okay.
    0:03:39 And that they would have to do anyway with a prompt, but I’ll take the prompting out of
    0:03:41 the equation and you can just take it from there.
    0:03:45 And this was right when custom GPTs first came in.
    0:03:49 So there was a lot of buzz around them and, uh, yeah, sold all four of those for a dollar.
    0:03:50 Wow.
    0:03:50 Okay.
    0:03:57 So maybe some upfront work for a low, a low ticket price, but then you don’t have a, you
    0:03:59 have an email list, you have an audience to speak of at this point.
    0:04:01 Like, how are you, how do you find buyers for this?
    0:04:06 So I did have an audience at that point and I had my email list and.
    0:04:11 But I didn’t use them to sell this to, I didn’t sell this to them.
    0:04:11 Oh, okay.
    0:04:16 Um, they weren’t really that interested in content marketing because I has an audience
    0:04:18 of freelancers who wanted to know how to attract clients.
    0:04:19 Okay.
    0:04:19 Okay.
    0:04:23 So there’s a bit of an overlap there, but they weren’t the exact ideal market.
    0:04:26 What I wanted was I wanted people who were running content for larger brands.
    0:04:29 So I had to go out and try and find them to get him to buy it.
    0:04:30 How’d you find them?
    0:04:36 So I did something that I’ve now called in spear phishing was, um, I found free communities.
    0:04:40 Of, you know, content marketers who, you know, they’re all in there helping each other.
    0:04:45 You can’t usually go into these places and promote because as soon as you go into a good
    0:04:47 free community, the moderators are going to be like, no promotion.
    0:04:48 Yeah, exactly.
    0:04:52 So I went in and I, I created just value-based posts.
    0:04:54 Like I said, you know, I’ve been doing this for quite a while.
    0:04:57 So creating these posts wasn’t too hard.
    0:05:00 Eventually I created another custom GPT that helps me create the posts.
    0:05:05 So I had to take some of the work out of it, but, um, essentially I go in and I’d say,
    0:05:08 look, these are the big problems that I see with content marketing.
    0:05:09 This is the solution.
    0:05:12 I’ve actually created some custom GPTs to help me do this.
    0:05:13 No promo.
    0:05:15 It was like a value-based post.
    0:05:15 Here’s the problem.
    0:05:16 Here’s the solution.
    0:05:18 I’ve been working on this thing.
    0:05:20 Just a little tease of what the offer is.
    0:05:26 Then anybody who liked commented, I’d follow up with in direct messages.
    0:05:28 So it wasn’t a cold DM then.
    0:05:31 It wasn’t like a complete stranger saying, Hey, how’s it going?
    0:05:34 I could go in and I could say, you enjoyed the post.
    0:05:35 Thanks so much for engaging.
    0:05:35 Yeah.
    0:05:37 There was some level of, uh, interaction.
    0:05:38 Exactly.
    0:05:39 Exactly.
    0:05:41 So it was not cold DMs, warm DMs, I guess.
    0:05:44 Um, and it was, thanks so much.
    0:05:45 Really enjoyed it.
    0:05:45 Any questions?
    0:05:50 And then if they were receptive, I would then segue that into a, you know, I put some
    0:05:51 of those custom GPTs together.
    0:05:53 I can give you access for a dollar.
    0:05:56 And that was how I started to get the initial sales coming through.
    0:06:01 It’s not a very scalable system because it still requires you to go in and talk to, you
    0:06:04 know, in these groups, but, um, it can still work quite well.
    0:06:11 And as long as you focus on value, the moderators so far have most of the time, like 80% of the
    0:06:13 time, not had an issue with it.
    0:06:13 Yeah.
    0:06:15 And if you’re listening in, you may…
    0:06:20 already be a part of some of these communities or it’s not you coming in completely, completely
    0:06:26 cold, you kind of know the, you know, the culture of these different forums and communities
    0:06:30 where, you know, what kind of content is going to fly or what kind of posts are going to fly
    0:06:30 in there.
    0:06:34 And if you can lead with this value first, the spear phishing is kind of interesting.
    0:06:38 Like, I don’t need everybody in here, but you know, a handful of people who are interested
    0:06:41 in it’s going to help me validate whether or not there’s any legs to this idea.
    0:06:45 And that was the whole thing is, you know, as you say, you’re looking for those people
    0:06:48 basically giving you a digital hand raise of saying, yeah, that’s cool.
    0:06:51 I like this, you know, comment or likes, and then you can follow it with those.
    0:06:56 And then, you know, that just made it so much easier when following up with those people and
    0:06:58 just getting some kind of a result.
    0:06:58 Okay.
    0:07:02 So now technically, are they sending you Venmo?
    0:07:03 Are they sending you PayPal?
    0:07:06 Is there like a Stripe landing page?
    0:07:09 Or like, how are you, if you’re figuring out like, okay, I can give you access to these for
    0:07:10 a dollar.
    0:07:11 Okay.
    0:07:14 Next, next step to collect and deliver.
    0:07:14 Yeah.
    0:07:15 So it’s, it’s one of those things.
    0:07:20 I think a lot of people really overanalyze what they should be doing with this.
    0:07:21 And it’s like, oh, how do I deliver this?
    0:07:23 So it feels like a premium package and all of this sort of stuff.
    0:07:26 For years now, I’ve had a ThriveCart subscription.
    0:07:30 And if you, I don’t know if you’re familiar with ThriveCart, but it’s a checkout software.
    0:07:31 Yep.
    0:07:34 And so, you know, you pay once for lifetime and it’s, I think it’s like $500.
    0:07:37 So no monthly fees, nothing like this.
    0:07:42 And then it integrates with Stripe or PayPal, but you can set up a nice looking cart checkout.
    0:07:43 Quite simple.
    0:07:47 And so I set it up there and basically then I said, anybody who buys this, send them to this
    0:07:51 thank you page, which then has the links to the, get them here.
    0:07:51 Okay.
    0:07:53 Very, very simple, very low tech.
    0:07:56 You could do the same with a Stripe checkout, I think, or even a PayPal page.
    0:08:00 Once you have payment, you just send them the links to the, to the custom GPTs.
    0:08:00 Okay.
    0:08:01 Got it.
    0:08:02 Thanks for, thanks for sharing that.
    0:08:04 How many people bought the, uh, the $1 thing?
    0:08:06 I think it was 26.
    0:08:07 Okay.
    0:08:10 And so the manual in these different communities groups, right?
    0:08:14 So it’s got the people who might be interested in this thing leads to the direct message
    0:08:17 outreach to the digital hand raisers, the people who engaged with that content.
    0:08:17 Yep.
    0:08:21 And then a percentage of those people click through to buy the thing.
    0:08:25 So now you’ve got a grand total of $26 minus processing fees.
    0:08:25 Exactly.
    0:08:26 Yeah.
    0:08:29 So that’s the, you’re still not going to make a much of a business out of this.
    0:08:30 You know, what happens next?
    0:08:35 It’s kind of the, how do you lead people up the value chain to buying more from you or
    0:08:36 doing more business with you?
    0:08:38 This is where Thrivecart kind of helped out.
    0:08:40 And there’s plenty of other tools that you can do this with as well.
    0:08:44 A lot of them are termed as like funnel building tools, but also any of the good cart checkouts.
    0:08:50 If you look to see if they allow you to create a bump offer and upsell offers, one click upsells,
    0:08:52 because that massively reduces the friction.
    0:08:56 And basically what this allows you to do is add other products onto the checkout.
    0:08:57 Yeah.
    0:09:00 So that somebody then has the option to go, Oh, you know, I also want this on that.
    0:09:01 You know, yeah, I’ll take that as well.
    0:09:07 And I basically built a couple of extra products that I added onto the $1 products on the front.
    0:09:10 The way that I always view this is the $1 product or the front ends.
    0:09:15 The first thing that they buy is there to help them achieve a quick solution.
    0:09:19 Don’t give them this massive big thing of information that they’re going to have to
    0:09:21 sort through and figure out how to use.
    0:09:24 Give them something that they can take and just put into their business or take and use
    0:09:28 and get a very quick result because that’s much easier to sell.
    0:09:29 Use this.
    0:09:30 It takes five minutes.
    0:09:31 You get this result.
    0:09:34 Very easy to sell compared to some of the other things out there.
    0:09:38 The bump offer, when they go to the checkout, there’ll be a little checkbox that says,
    0:09:39 do you also want this?
    0:09:43 And that bump offer should be there to add extra value to the initial offer.
    0:09:48 And I like to think that it’s going to help people achieve the result faster, easier,
    0:09:50 cheaper, or more profitably.
    0:09:55 So it’s going to make getting the result from what you’re just selling them for $1 faster,
    0:09:58 easier, cheaper, or it’s going to help them get a bigger result.
    0:09:59 Okay.
    0:10:02 The extra value of the bump offer.
    0:10:06 So the, you know, would you like fries with that kind of thing accepted in a business?
    0:10:07 Similar to, yeah.
    0:10:10 I like to think of it as like a catalyst to help them get better results.
    0:10:15 And so in that case, I then recorded a couple of videos of myself building custom GPTs.
    0:10:20 And I put a basic template of how I did the description into the custom GPT.
    0:10:24 Cause you give it a custom description that it follows that process.
    0:10:27 And so I gave them that template and a couple of videos around it.
    0:10:31 And I said, you know, for an extra, I think $47 is what I usually go for for a bump.
    0:10:36 You can also get the whole system that I’ve built on how to do these so that you can create
    0:10:40 not just these for content marketing, but for any repetitive task in your business,
    0:10:43 you can teach an AI agent how to handle it for you.
    0:10:43 And you just follow this.
    0:10:44 Okay.
    0:10:49 So like the how to tutorials, the instruction manual, plus if you ever want to do this on your
    0:10:51 own, here’s how I set this up.
    0:10:51 Exactly.
    0:10:52 Yeah.
    0:10:56 That is like the first page that they’ll see when they go to buy, they’ll be filling
    0:10:58 out their payment details for the $1 product.
    0:11:01 And then just before they can click, go through, it’ll be like, do you also want this?
    0:11:03 It’ll teach you how to do this.
    0:11:04 And it’s like, oh, great.
    0:11:10 And then essentially when you’ve sold them that initial product, you’ve solved a problem in
    0:11:14 their life and you’ve given them this solution and you’ve moved them from where they are today
    0:11:19 to that transformation of where they want to be after that product, that new area, that
    0:11:22 new sort of reality that they have, they now have a new problem.
    0:11:29 And so I then offer them an upsell, which helps them solve the new problem.
    0:11:32 So it’s a solution to that new problem that they experience.
    0:11:38 And so in this case, we’re talking that they have custom GPT that will help them create content.
    0:11:42 And then we’ve got something that will help them create their own custom GPTs, but they have
    0:11:44 a new problem now that they’re going to have this content.
    0:11:46 Is it optimized?
    0:11:47 How do they promote it?
    0:11:49 You know, how do they actually get sales from that?
    0:11:53 So then the upsell was more information on how they can turn one piece of content into like
    0:11:58 a sales machine so that people who read that piece of content will actually buy rather than
    0:12:02 just producing content and seeing no tangible results from it.
    0:12:08 So that’s the no shortage of content or digital clutter on the internet, but how do you actually
    0:12:10 get results from that?
    0:12:11 So that’s the upsell offer.
    0:12:13 Do you remember what that was priced at?
    0:12:17 I want to say it was 97 or 197.
    0:12:21 And I only had maybe, you know, a handful of people take that.
    0:12:27 It wasn’t like a huge number of people, but I was 97 or 197 because that’s usually the numbers
    0:12:31 that I’ll go for is the initial product will be anything from, you know, I always start these
    0:12:34 at $1 because it’s a very low barrier to entry.
    0:12:40 And just beginning thinking on a transactional relationship with the person changes the rest
    0:12:41 of your relationship with them.
    0:12:42 It’s buyers versus freebie seekers.
    0:12:43 Yeah.
    0:12:49 But it’s usually $1, then 47 for the bump, then 97 to 197 for the upsell is what I tend
    0:12:50 to go for.
    0:12:52 And that gives you potentially 250.
    0:13:00 In all digital, you know, no, no direct time required on your part to deliver this good.
    0:13:03 It’s not like people are signing up for coaching or consulting yet.
    0:13:04 Not yet.
    0:13:04 Nope.
    0:13:08 So this was all just something that I’ve created and it was loom videos.
    0:13:13 So pretty low tech in terms of, you know, there was no lots of editing and like flashy
    0:13:13 things.
    0:13:16 It was me sat in this very chair doing a screen share.
    0:13:17 It’s like, go here.
    0:13:17 This is how I do it.
    0:13:18 These are the templates.
    0:13:19 This is why it works.
    0:13:21 Very, very low tech sort of approach.
    0:13:26 It took me maybe an hour to create the bump and the upsell together.
    0:13:31 And then once I created them, I could sell them dozens of times.
    0:13:31 Okay.
    0:13:32 Interesting.
    0:13:34 This is like, I’m starting to piece together.
    0:13:37 You almost have to start with what you know.
    0:13:37 I don’t know.
    0:13:42 What would you recommend people start to like start peeling out different segments of their
    0:13:47 knowledge and expertise or like, you know, how to think about these different tiers as
    0:13:47 different offers.
    0:13:48 Like, it’s really interesting.
    0:13:53 I would always start with the, the end customer, like who is it that you’re trying to sell to
    0:13:56 and figure out what are their problems that you can solve.
    0:13:59 So they, they have various, but everybody has problems in their life.
    0:14:01 What are the problem for your ideal customer that you can solve?
    0:14:02 That’s where I’d start.
    0:14:08 And usually if we’re talking about sort of business offers, whether it’s services, coaching
    0:14:12 courses, there’ll be one primary offer that will take somebody from where they are today
    0:14:15 to that end transformation of where they want to be.
    0:14:21 And that might be earning a set amount of money, having X percent freedom or whatever
    0:14:21 it might be.
    0:14:27 The $1 product needs to eventually lead into that big thing because if there’s no direct
    0:14:32 line between the first purchase and the big purchase, you know, you’re not going to, I
    0:14:38 see what a lot of people do with their, with their low ticket offers is they sell the equivalent
    0:14:40 of like, Oh, look, here’s some stuff for blue shoes.
    0:14:45 And then their primary offer is yellow t-shirts and it’s like the person who wants blue shoes
    0:14:46 doesn’t care about yellow t-shirts.
    0:14:48 So there has to be like a direct line.
    0:14:53 More with Pete in just a moment, including the small percentage of customers that make up
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    0:17:30 In my case, what I could help people with was content marketing.
    0:17:32 And I had a course at the time, which was the content marketing model.
    0:17:35 And that’s how I did, like, built whole content marketing systems.
    0:17:38 And so that was going to be the end thing for this.
    0:17:39 And so I had to go back.
    0:17:43 What would be the very first thing that I could do that would be very small and help somebody
    0:17:48 solve the initial problem that’s stopping them getting from where they are to that big
    0:17:49 transformation of where they want to be?
    0:17:51 I just want to help them take that first step.
    0:17:52 Got it.
    0:17:54 That’s what the initial $1 product should be.
    0:17:59 Then the bump offer is the catalyst to help them achieve that faster, easier, cheaper.
    0:18:02 The upsell is the next problem that they have.
    0:18:05 And then that all qualifies them for whatever the bigger piece is that you’re going to sell
    0:18:06 them down the line.
    0:18:09 What was that in your case?
    0:18:09 Because it doesn’t stop.
    0:18:11 It didn’t even stop with the upsell.
    0:18:13 It’s like there’s still more.
    0:18:17 And it harkens back to the 80-20 sales and marketing.
    0:18:23 Well, for everybody who buys this thing, a percentage would buy something 10 times more
    0:18:23 expensive.
    0:18:26 And then a percentage of those people would buy something 10 times more expensive.
    0:18:28 So what was it in your case?
    0:18:28 Yeah.
    0:18:30 I email my email list every single day.
    0:18:33 And I’m always keeping in touch with them.
    0:18:38 And this was going to be, and the way that I built things now is there’d be an automated
    0:18:42 thing on the back end where it then drip feeds them information for whatever the big offer
    0:18:42 was.
    0:18:46 And as I said, I was going to push them towards, it was a thousand dollar course, which was
    0:18:47 the content marketing model.
    0:18:51 At the time, I thought that things wouldn’t take off so quickly.
    0:18:52 I didn’t think that I’d see sales.
    0:18:54 Initially, I was just testing things.
    0:18:56 So I didn’t have everything ready for that.
    0:19:00 And so I started emailing people and I was like, if you’d like some help, let me know.
    0:19:04 And essentially somebody reached out and they were like, it seems like you know what you’re
    0:19:04 doing.
    0:19:05 Can you help us?
    0:19:07 And closed.
    0:19:11 I think it was like a three grand short-term consulting gig with this brand.
    0:19:13 They just reached out and said, when can you start?
    0:19:14 And I said, yeah, I can come in.
    0:19:19 And it was very low effort for me because it was more like a coaching rather than me
    0:19:20 doing the work.
    0:19:21 So I would come in, help their team.
    0:19:24 But that was what it became in that short-term.
    0:19:29 And that’s why in those 10 days, they went from buying a $1 product to hiring me for $3,000.
    0:19:30 Isn’t that crazy?
    0:19:37 That’s just like such an interesting sequence of events or of sales funnel, so to speak, from
    0:19:42 strangers to building up trust and authority and credibility to get somebody to pay you three
    0:19:42 grand.
    0:19:43 Yeah.
    0:19:48 I think it’s that difference between starting off on a transactional versus a non-transactional
    0:19:49 relationship.
    0:19:52 The way I look at it is if somebody is willing to pay even a dollar, they have a pain that
    0:19:54 they’re actively trying to solve.
    0:19:59 And I always term it as in, it’s the difference between people who think information and the
    0:20:00 solution is nice to have.
    0:20:01 And what they do is they collect it.
    0:20:05 They put it in like a Google drive folder and they’re like, I’ll come back to that in
    0:20:05 a week.
    0:20:08 And people who think that the information and the solution that you have is something they
    0:20:09 need to have.
    0:20:13 If they’re willing to pay even a dollar, they need the solution, which means they’re going
    0:20:17 to be more receptive to more help to help them get that solution and the transformation
    0:20:18 faster.
    0:20:21 Now, we’ve heard this phrase in a few different ways.
    0:20:22 People who pay, pay attention.
    0:20:27 And in a lot of ways, it’s easier to take somebody when this was the example of Fiverr, you know,
    0:20:33 his line was it’s easier to take somebody from $5 to $10,000 than it is to take somebody from
    0:20:33 zero to five.
    0:20:36 It’s like that initial transaction hurdle.
    0:20:38 Like, I got to bring in my credit card.
    0:20:38 I got to pay for something.
    0:20:46 It’s a much bigger burden of proof to get somebody to pay you even a dollar than it is to, you know,
    0:20:48 sell them more stuff once you have built that trust.
    0:20:54 The way that I view it is the $1 product is little more than a filter for those who are
    0:20:58 serious because everybody’s collecting these big email lists.
    0:21:01 And I’ve worked with people who have got tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of people,
    0:21:05 but they’re not making the revenue that they should from that audience because there are
    0:21:09 those people, like you said, who want to go from $5 to $10,000 and spend.
    0:21:14 But when you’ve got so many people who just want free stuff, it’s very hard to identify who
    0:21:14 they are.
    0:21:19 And, you know, that whole argument of signals versus noise, it’s very difficult to find when
    0:21:20 you’ve just attracted the freebie seekers.
    0:21:25 So I just view the $1 products as a filter for those who are serious, and then I can continue
    0:21:28 to serve and help those people achieve their goals.
    0:21:37 And in your mind, the days of the ebook or the, you know, the five day email course or challenge,
    0:21:42 like that stuff is kind of, that’s just like more information versus, you know, if I’m charging
    0:21:46 for a thing, it’s almost got to be like you said, this custom GPT, like something that people
    0:21:48 can implement right away.
    0:21:53 I’m curious, your, your structure or like what, what might make sense for that intro offer?
    0:22:00 I think any format can work and it’s really depending on what, who it is that you’re working
    0:22:03 or targeting to work with and how you’re trying to bring them in.
    0:22:07 But I know guys who are using this with like eBooks and they’re charging for the eBooks.
    0:22:09 So not the free eBooks, it still works.
    0:22:14 I know people who are running little challenges and the difficulty that you have with both
    0:22:19 eBooks and challenges and courses is consumption because it’s great having somebody pay a dollar,
    0:22:23 but you need them to actually go and consume it and use the thing to then make the high ticket
    0:22:28 stuff really viable when you’re talking about nurturing them post-purchase.
    0:22:32 But I don’t think that there’s any one thing that is like, doesn’t work.
    0:22:36 I think the difference is whether or not you’re giving it away for free or charging for it
    0:22:40 because that payment is what filters the serious people.
    0:22:46 Is there any thought to what competitors are doing or do you find that people are like
    0:22:51 shopping around, so to speak, for this like a dollar thing where it’s like, well, other people
    0:22:52 are offering this for free.
    0:22:53 So why should I pay you?
    0:23:00 So I’ve not had any sort of pushbacks with anything like this and yeah, I’ve not seen it.
    0:23:04 I guess there is a thing where when you’re trying to sell something, you do probably have to put
    0:23:07 a little bit more effort into the marketing to make it feel a bit more premium.
    0:23:12 But one thing that I’m always very confident in is that anything that I sell, I know that
    0:23:15 the quality of the information and the solution inside is good.
    0:23:15 It works.
    0:23:16 It’s always tested.
    0:23:19 So I’m not worried about somebody not getting their money back.
    0:23:25 What I always try and do is make sure that they get at least two times value of what they’ve
    0:23:29 paid because then nobody can ever come back and be like, oh, that wasn’t worth the money.
    0:23:29 Yeah.
    0:23:34 With a $1 product, you’re looking more at like a hundred times the value because nobody wants
    0:23:35 to put you.
    0:23:35 Yeah.
    0:23:35 Yeah.
    0:23:38 It’s hard to imagine to be like, can I get a refund on this?
    0:23:39 This was not worth it all.
    0:23:39 Exactly.
    0:23:40 Yeah.
    0:23:44 One of the things that I realized when I did the custom GPTs is you needed a chat GPT
    0:23:47 pro account to actually be able to use them.
    0:23:49 And I put that on the sales page.
    0:23:50 One person didn’t notice it.
    0:23:52 They emailed me like, I can’t use these.
    0:23:53 And I was like, I’m happy to give you a refund.
    0:23:55 They were like, that’s fine.
    0:24:01 So, but yeah, no one’s going to ask for a refund for a dollar, even if it’s terrible.
    0:24:06 But last week or the week before I actually bought somebody who’s doing a similar thing
    0:24:13 with $3 as a product and the quality of the information inside was really quite lackluster.
    0:24:17 And as a result, when they then started to put me into their email sequences to pitch
    0:24:19 me the higher ticket things, I had no trust in them.
    0:24:25 So when I’m doing the $1 products, I like to offer at least like a hundred dollars worth
    0:24:31 of value for the $1 because, you know, this is the first touch point of this relationship.
    0:24:36 If I start off on a bad foot, if I charge them a dollar and it’s terrible, it’s
    0:24:40 I’m not going to be able to charge them a hundred dollars, a thousand dollars down the
    0:24:40 line.
    0:24:42 It still has to be of a high quality.
    0:24:43 Yeah, I’m with you.
    0:24:44 It’s like the first, it’s like that free sample.
    0:24:49 It’s got to be good where the $1 sample, like it’s got to be enticing enough to build that
    0:24:52 trust and say, yeah, this guy is worth doing business with.
    0:24:52 Exactly.
    0:24:56 And my thought is if you can give me a dollar and I give you a hundred dollars worth of
    0:24:56 value back.
    0:25:00 When I turn around and I say, this thing’s like a hundred dollars, you’re going to say,
    0:25:02 how good is this thing going to be?
    0:25:02 It’s going to be amazing.
    0:25:04 Right, right.
    0:25:05 This is helpful.
    0:25:08 If I’m pausing, it’s because I’m trying to map out like what, you know, what the sequence
    0:25:09 might look like.
    0:25:13 Are you still selling this sequence or are you still selling this product or are you kind
    0:25:16 of migrated to something else?
    0:25:20 Are you still going active in these communities or is there, at a certain point, we’ve heard
    0:25:25 of people doing like a self-liquidating offer, like trying to drive ad advertising traffic
    0:25:30 through Facebook or Instagram or whatever, like to the $1 thing.
    0:25:32 And then, you know, at least pay for the ad costs.
    0:25:33 You do anything like that?
    0:25:33 A hundred percent.
    0:25:34 Yeah.
    0:25:39 So the, the initial offer I’m not running anymore because it’s, it’s, it’s obsolete.
    0:25:45 Now AI has got a much better point than it was that you don’t really need the custom GPTs
    0:25:47 for what I was doing it for.
    0:25:52 And, you know, it’s gone through several iterations since I was selling this and really, I don’t
    0:25:56 think there’s much value in the custom GPTs that I had built for those things.
    0:26:01 I still use a lot of custom GPTs in my community with people based around templates that we know
    0:26:04 that works, but yeah, not using that offer still using very low ticket offers.
    0:26:11 And I still begin them all at $1 and I still go out and I start spear phishing in communities
    0:26:15 where there are people who are interested in this just to try and get feel.
    0:26:19 Because I think the problem that a lot of people have and the mistake that they make is they
    0:26:21 think ads are a cure-all.
    0:26:22 It’s like a silver bullet.
    0:26:24 If you just run ads, you’ll make sales.
    0:26:28 Ads, in my opinion and experience are a catalyst.
    0:26:30 Again, like they’re fuel to the fire.
    0:26:33 You need to be able to sell one of something, then you should be able to sell 10 of it.
    0:26:38 If you can sell 10 to 100 of that thing, ads will then help you sell 100 to 1,000.
    0:26:44 Most people don’t have the money to throw at ads to them to find out if something works to
    0:26:45 lose thousands of dollars.
    0:26:50 So I want to go out and I want to see if this will sell without having to put money behind
    0:26:52 it and then I’ll put money behind it.
    0:26:54 So yeah, still running $1 products.
    0:26:57 And then what happens is once you start running ads, you’re going to have to play with the prices
    0:27:02 a bit to try and get sure, to make sure that the average order value beats the cost per
    0:27:03 acquisition on ads.
    0:27:07 So I’m running my own ads now for the $1 product challenge.
    0:27:07 Oh, okay.
    0:27:08 It’s very meta.
    0:27:09 Yeah.
    0:27:10 Yeah, exactly.
    0:27:14 It’s all very dependent upon making sure that when they come through that initial funnel,
    0:27:17 they at least break even with the acquisition cost.
    0:27:23 So yeah, you do have to play around with it, but it’s just the easiest way to scale because
    0:27:27 doing the spear phishing is great, but it’s difficult to scale after a certain point.
    0:27:33 Yeah, it’s manual outreach or it’s time consuming versus something that you just have sales come
    0:27:33 in your way.
    0:27:38 And I like this idea of validate it first, make sure somebody is going to order it, get
    0:27:44 those first 10, 20 people to buy it from this manual effort before trying to automate the
    0:27:47 thing and then making sure those ad costs are in line.
    0:27:49 What do you see?
    0:27:52 I guess it varies, the cart value.
    0:27:57 The cool thing is, you know, right away, like because of the sequences, you know, it’s
    0:28:02 like the order bump and the upsell, like you get a pretty good sense of, well, what’s
    0:28:03 the conversion rate going to be?
    0:28:05 Like what’s the average cart value going to be?
    0:28:08 It’s not like this three month, you know, lead time to make a sale.
    0:28:09 Yeah.
    0:28:13 So you can generally find out quite quickly as long as you can drive the traffic to it
    0:28:14 through spear phishing or ads or whatever.
    0:28:18 You can find out quite quickly whether or not things are working.
    0:28:22 And like I said, then it’s just playing around with whether the offers are right to get
    0:28:27 the, you know, right conversion rates on the bump offers and the upsells and also the front
    0:28:27 end products.
    0:28:29 And then also playing around with the price to find this sweet spot.
    0:28:35 Do you have a rule of thumb on average order value that you shoot for or conversion rate
    0:28:37 or, or your cost to acquire a customer?
    0:28:40 Like any of those metrics that people should keep in mind?
    0:28:42 Very different depending on the industry.
    0:28:47 So obviously me selling this, I’m in one of the more competitive industries for, you
    0:28:49 know, biz op as it’s, you know, often called.
    0:28:52 So like, you know, the sort of make money online type stuff.
    0:28:56 It’s very competitive up there with finance, legal, all of these things.
    0:29:02 So currently for me, my average order, sorry, my cost per acquisition is around $35 to $40.
    0:29:04 It kind of fluctuates between those two.
    0:29:08 So if I’m paying for ads, I’m going to be paying 35 to 40 bucks just to get a customer.
    0:29:14 I worked with a guy who was a sports psychologist and we were getting customers for him at $5.
    0:29:20 Like it was a much lesser fee because very, very specific to a specific industry of sports
    0:29:21 psychology.
    0:29:26 There’s somebody in my community and they’re running a pure $1 product funnel where it’s
    0:29:30 just $1 products that they’re selling on the front end, uh, language learning.
    0:29:36 And again, far cheaper, but they’re also targeting markets where it is cheaper ad spends.
    0:29:40 So I’m targeting the US, UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand.
    0:29:40 Yeah.
    0:29:40 Yeah.
    0:29:40 Yeah.
    0:29:41 They’re teaching English.
    0:29:46 And so they’re targeting places that are cheaper for ad costs.
    0:29:47 So their costs are low.
    0:29:51 So it’s really difficult to say, this is what you should be aiming for.
    0:29:54 The golden rule is just that you try and have to make the average order value better than
    0:29:55 the CPA.
    0:30:00 And that’s going to fluctuate so much depending on the industry, the offer, the audience,
    0:30:02 all of these things.
    0:30:03 Okay.
    0:30:04 Got it.
    0:30:10 So collect that data up front and, uh, you know, through this manual method or through
    0:30:13 your own traffic channels before turning on the ads.
    0:30:15 Cause it’s a good way to go backwards in a hurry.
    0:30:17 If you can’t, uh, recoup those costs.
    0:30:21 Now it is important to know this is kind of like upfront, like where I may need to break
    0:30:24 even or make a small profit on this initial ad spend.
    0:30:29 But then I’ve got this list of buyers that can hire me for consulting.
    0:30:30 They can buy my higher ticket stuff.
    0:30:34 Like it’s an engaged group who, who hopefully has some trust in what you’re doing and can
    0:30:36 continue to do business with you down the road.
    0:30:43 And we’ve found people who will spend even a dollar are up to around 12 times more likely
    0:30:50 to buy other programs, offers, services from you again, than if they came through from free
    0:30:51 leads.
    0:30:55 So you’re going to get 12 times more sales by focusing on these people than you would on
    0:30:57 people who just want information because it’s nice to have.
    0:31:03 And, uh, that’s even if it’s just a single dollar rather than like a 27 or $47 front end.
    0:31:03 Got it.
    0:31:07 Anything that we missed on the $1 product challenge?
    0:31:07 I like this stuff.
    0:31:09 Yeah, I don’t, I don’t think so.
    0:31:11 I think breakeven is good.
    0:31:13 If you can make even a small profit, it’s better.
    0:31:17 And it is, you know, figuring out it’s a lot of testing between the offers to really get
    0:31:18 that right.
    0:31:22 But as you mentioned, running straight into do ads is fine.
    0:31:27 If you have the capital to burn, because I know guys who will just throw
    0:31:31 $10,000, an ad campaign to see if they can make money back and they’ll find the messaging
    0:31:32 because they’ll test heavily.
    0:31:34 A lot of people don’t have that money.
    0:31:37 So test manually first.
    0:31:40 And then once it’s working, use ads to kind of scale that reach.
    0:31:41 Right.
    0:31:43 Now that makes, that makes a lot of sense.
    0:31:47 So growthmodels.co slash dollar.
    0:31:50 You can learn more about the $1 product challenge over there.
    0:31:56 We’re going to be right back with Pete, including round two, donate a business idea right after
    0:31:56 this.
    0:31:58 All right.
    0:32:00 We’re back with Pete Boyle from growthmodels.co.
    0:32:03 Round one was the $1 product challenge.
    0:32:06 Round two is donate a business idea.
    0:32:08 This is something that you might start yourself.
    0:32:11 If you had more time, this is something that you think listeners could run with something
    0:32:12 that ought to exist in the world.
    0:32:14 What have you got for us here?
    0:32:16 I’m going to go through something that’s very self-serving.
    0:32:21 Um, one of the things that, you know, I’m really working on with my business is how to
    0:32:23 increase the reach and how to attract more buyers.
    0:32:28 Obviously ads are great for this, but I do a lot of email marketing and there are lots
    0:32:34 of tools out there that will allow you to do newsletter exchanges and there’s tools like,
    0:32:38 you know, I could name a couple of them where it’s like, Hey, you’ve got an email newsletter.
    0:32:40 There’s a similar size as I do.
    0:32:42 Let’s exchange newsletters.
    0:32:45 Let’s see, you know, if my subscribers want to become your subscribers.
    0:32:47 There’s also ones out there that will allow you to find ones to sponsor.
    0:32:54 What I’m really looking for is ways that I can find affiliate marketers who have engaged email
    0:33:01 lists that could be validated in some way so that then I could approach those affiliate
    0:33:02 marketers and say, look, I have this offer.
    0:33:05 You know, affiliate marketing is a great way.
    0:33:09 If you have the right overlap of audiences to reach a new audience, I’ll give you 50% of
    0:33:10 all of the sales.
    0:33:15 If you can promote this to your audience and all of this, because when I’m working with
    0:33:17 affiliates in the past, you attract a lot of them.
    0:33:20 5% of them will drive 95% of the sales.
    0:33:25 Some of them will come through and they’ll turn out that they don’t have a good list in
    0:33:28 terms of engagement or that it’s just the wrong audience.
    0:33:35 So it’d be great if there was some kind of directory of good vetted affiliate marketers
    0:33:39 who are promoting people’s offers and are willing to do co-promotions and all of this sort
    0:33:43 of stuff and had a method that you could directly outreach to those people.
    0:33:44 Okay.
    0:33:50 So that’s the business idea directory of essentially affiliate marketing email lists.
    0:33:51 Yeah.
    0:33:54 And like there’s things where it’s similar to this, but not quite.
    0:33:58 There’s, you know, places where you can find newsletters for sponsorships.
    0:34:03 But of course, a sponsorship is just usually one email, a static piece of text or a static
    0:34:04 image, which is fine.
    0:34:05 Yeah.
    0:34:08 When I’ve been an affiliate for people and when I’ve had affiliates who do the best for me,
    0:34:13 what we tend to do is we build a full sequence and we run it on the same kind of process where
    0:34:15 it’s, you know, same concept as spear phishing.
    0:34:16 We do a digital hand raise.
    0:34:17 Who’s interested in this?
    0:34:21 People who say that they’re interested in this, they then get like a five or a 10 day promotion
    0:34:23 of the other offer.
    0:34:28 That way you don’t annoy your email list, but you tend to get much higher sales than just
    0:34:30 a sponsorship in somebody’s newsletter.
    0:34:32 Uh, no, that makes sense.
    0:34:34 Do you know, uh, Matt McWilliams?
    0:34:35 I do not.
    0:34:40 Matt, I think it’s the affiliate guy.com or something like, anyways, Matt’s been on the
    0:34:40 show before.
    0:34:47 He’s been in the affiliate space for a decade plus and he kind of coordinates these types
    0:34:54 of launches, you know, geared toward product, you know, big online business celebrity type
    0:34:55 of product launches.
    0:34:58 And, you know, on the affiliate recruiting side is a specialty.
    0:35:03 So he may have something like this internal to his company, uh, this, this kind of database
    0:35:09 where he could, uh, go work with the, on the directory side, we did an episode late last
    0:35:12 year with John Rush episode six 47.
    0:35:18 I want to say in, in the podcast archives, where he talks all about building these types
    0:35:24 of directory websites where you’re pulling in the data and that’s the value add is the
    0:35:24 data.
    0:35:30 And in this case, it could be, um, number of subscribers, you know, industry that they reach,
    0:35:34 um, you know, how long they’ve been in business, like different data points that you could have.
    0:35:39 And I don’t know, maybe there’s some business where you take a percentage of a percentage
    0:35:40 of an affiliate.
    0:35:44 I don’t know how you would necessarily monetize it or maybe you charge for access to it.
    0:35:47 Cause it’s like, you know, there’s obviously some money to be made on the other side, but
    0:35:49 this would be, um, an interesting one to run with.
    0:35:51 There’s things that are close to it.
    0:35:54 And even like, you know, convert kit now, it’s my, I use convert kit from email service
    0:35:57 where they have a thing where it’s like the creator network and you can go and find other
    0:36:02 creators, but it doesn’t tell you the size of their list, how engaged their list are,
    0:36:03 how often they email.
    0:36:04 You kind of have to manually do all of that.
    0:36:08 And then you have to manually go and find their email address to reach out to people.
    0:36:11 And it’s like, oh, you know, it’s a lot of extra manual work.
    0:36:14 And I’m like, there’s, there’s a simpler solution somewhere.
    0:36:18 But it’s the manual work that leads to conversations like this.
    0:36:20 Cause it was one of those, you sent me a cold email.
    0:36:22 It was like, Hey, I’ve got this thing called the $1 product.
    0:36:23 Do you want to promote it?
    0:36:25 It was like, well, I’ll learn a little bit more about this.
    0:36:27 It’s like, Hey, this is kind of interesting.
    0:36:29 And now we got to do a whole episode about it.
    0:36:32 So there’s, there’s pros and cons to it.
    0:36:36 It sounds like you need a, um, a virtual assistant to do some of this initial research and outreach
    0:36:37 for you.
    0:36:38 That’s the thing.
    0:36:38 Yeah.
    0:36:42 And I’m, you know, there’s part of me, which is thinking if I get somebody in to help almost
    0:36:46 as an affiliate partner, um, if we can just chronicle people that we find who are up for
    0:36:51 it, get their approval, we could maybe create this because I know, um, certain tools as well.
    0:36:56 They started off literally with this as similar thing, but for like newsletter promos, there’s
    0:37:02 a guy that I know who did this started off as an air table and eventually sold the business.
    0:37:08 So, and that was, it was just finding newsletters, pulling all the stats for co-promotions, uh,
    0:37:10 doing intros between people.
    0:37:13 And then it became a, an acquisition for somebody else.
    0:37:15 Like somebody came along to acquire the business.
    0:37:15 Yeah.
    0:37:17 This would be, uh, no, no, no.
    0:37:20 The more we talk about it, the more I think like, yeah, this is super valuable because there’s
    0:37:23 going to be, there’s always going to be people with offers.
    0:37:27 So there’s always going to be people with email lists who need those offers to monetize their
    0:37:30 business and help their, uh, and help their audience.
    0:37:31 So it makes, you know, it makes sense.
    0:37:33 In fact, can we go back and come up with another idea?
    0:37:35 Can we, can we just do this one ourselves?
    0:37:36 Yeah.
    0:37:36 Yeah.
    0:37:37 Maybe so.
    0:37:38 You got anything else?
    0:37:40 You got another idea you want to toss out?
    0:37:40 Yeah.
    0:37:40 Yeah.
    0:37:42 I’m going to have to come up with one quickly.
    0:37:47 Um, but I think in like personally, I would find this as like quite a valuable idea.
    0:37:52 If somebody would create that, it’s definitely something I would be interested in testing.
    0:37:52 Yeah.
    0:37:53 There’s definitely something here.
    0:37:58 Cause there is, like you said, there’s the matchmakers for the email newsletter sponsorships.
    0:38:01 Um, the exchange or like, do you have a, on this newsletter exchange?
    0:38:03 Like promo swap type of database?
    0:38:05 Do you have a resource that you like on that front?
    0:38:06 That’s an interesting one.
    0:38:08 Letter growth is one.
    0:38:13 And I believe that, uh, I think beehive has one that’s kind of, uh, built in.
    0:38:14 I’m not sure.
    0:38:15 I don’t use beehive.
    0:38:19 And like I said, convert kit also has one where you can recommend one another.
    0:38:24 Um, and like basically when somebody subscribes your email list, it throws up a pop up and
    0:38:26 it says, Hey, these are my friends.
    0:38:28 You should also consider subscribing to these guys.
    0:38:31 And then there’s, um, a paid version where it’s.
    0:38:37 Uh, spark loop, which integrates with a lot of these tools and you can use them to basically
    0:38:43 say anybody who sends me a subscriber, I’ll send them $1, $2, $5 per subscriber.
    0:38:47 If you’re going to do that, it’s very important to know your payback periods and the average
    0:38:51 customer lifetime value so that, you know, you’re not going to get into trouble by spending
    0:38:53 $5 per subscriber.
    0:38:55 And then actually they only pay you on average $3 back.
    0:38:56 Yeah.
    0:38:56 Yeah.
    0:39:03 I’ll go backwards on that math, but there’s, there’s something to this matchmaker model and
    0:39:06 we’ve seen it in sites like podcast guests.com.
    0:39:11 Like how do we, um, match people who have podcasts with people who need guests or with people who
    0:39:15 want to guest on podcasts and even like help a reporter, you know, journalists who need sources
    0:39:17 and sources who want to get some press.
    0:39:20 So there’s, there’s definitely some precedence for it.
    0:39:20 So I like this one.
    0:39:26 We’ll, we’ll call this the affiliate marketing email database, uh, business idea.
    0:39:26 There we go.
    0:39:27 All right.
    0:39:28 That is round two.
    0:39:30 Round three is what we call the triple threat.
    0:39:36 And the first part of this is a marketing tactic that is working right now.
    0:39:37 $1 products.
    0:39:40 Yeah.
    0:39:45 One thing, I mean, that’s working right now that I’m really trying to do more of is YouTube.
    0:39:51 I think YouTube is one of the best tools that people aren’t using as much as they should.
    0:39:56 Um, and the reason that I really like YouTube is there is a great balance between both paid
    0:39:58 and organic on the same platform.
    0:40:00 And so you could probably get compounding gains.
    0:40:06 And that’s one thing that we’re trying to really look at is how you can use paid to accelerate
    0:40:09 the organic growth or vice versa.
    0:40:12 Um, with like retargeting audiences and all of this sort of thing.
    0:40:18 But I don’t, I see a lot of people who are jumping into still things like Facebook ads and I’m
    0:40:23 running Facebook ads, but I think YouTube really is a better long-term opportunity.
    0:40:25 You see a lower cost of acquisition there?
    0:40:29 Not so much yet because I’m still really getting to grips with the advertising.
    0:40:34 And I think that’s probably my shortcoming that I’m not seeing as good as CPA.
    0:40:38 I’m seeing much cheaper click-through rates and all of this sort of stuff.
    0:40:47 But I think as well, as we move towards more AI content, having real people on camera is one
    0:40:53 of the things that is at the minute harder for AI to sort of recreate.
    0:40:58 And so as most selling is done based on trust and based, you know, people buy from people.
    0:40:58 Yeah.
    0:41:03 Having a face to the brand really seems to be working quite well, even with smaller audiences.
    0:41:09 I know guys with like, you know, 2000 subscribers who are pulling good money because they’re not
    0:41:15 relying on YouTube’s ad revenue, but they’re using it as a way to bring them, uh, course customers,
    0:41:16 coaching clients, that kind of stuff.
    0:41:22 What’s a typical call to action for you on a, on a YouTube video or an example of a video
    0:41:23 that’s done well?
    0:41:26 Again, this is one thing that I am currently figuring out.
    0:41:30 I am about 17 days into a test I’m doing.
    0:41:35 I run a lot of my own little experiments where I’m trying to publish one long form YouTube
    0:41:37 video per day, about 10 minutes each.
    0:41:41 So I’m about 17 days maybe into doing one video per day.
    0:41:42 Okay.
    0:41:47 And so I’m happy to check back in and say what worked and what didn’t, uh, what I’ve tried
    0:41:56 as well is a method similar to the spear phishing approach where basically I pick some of my top
    0:41:59 performing videos, put money behind them to reach the audience and then retarget those
    0:42:05 people with a conversion focused ad because you can get reasonable reach for quite cheap on
    0:42:06 YouTube.
    0:42:10 And then basically if I know somebody watches the video, they engage with it, they click
    0:42:10 on the thumbnail.
    0:42:15 If I then hit them with a conversion focus, I’d like, Hey, this system will help you attract
    0:42:16 buyers, not freebie seekers.
    0:42:17 Check it out over here.
    0:42:22 That’s one thing that I’m sort of working on really just nailing down at the minute.
    0:42:22 No.
    0:42:22 Okay.
    0:42:26 This is, this is the kind of nitty gritty stuff that I, that I totally love geeking out
    0:42:27 on.
    0:42:33 So organic video, long form content, see which is naturally going to rise to the top, put some
    0:42:35 money to boost that, you know, promote that video.
    0:42:40 Go to a, you know, a broader audience, send it out to the world and then retargeting those
    0:42:41 to be, Hey, you watch this thing.
    0:42:46 And then if you’re serious about this, this is the call to action related video where it’s
    0:42:48 like, and now go, go buy the $1 thing.
    0:42:50 And now you’re into my, into my sequence.
    0:42:50 Exactly.
    0:42:51 Yeah.
    0:42:55 And at the same time, what I’m doing is people who buy the $1 product challenge, obviously
    0:42:59 I have other offers that are the primary profit drivers.
    0:43:01 Now I want to get people into them.
    0:43:02 Again, people buy from people.
    0:43:06 If I can get them to consume and get a result from the $1 product challenge, they’re primed
    0:43:07 to buy the next stuff.
    0:43:09 But you know, people buy from people.
    0:43:13 So I’ve recorded YouTube videos that help coach people through those next stages as well.
    0:43:19 So that’s why I think YouTube is way more sort of flexible than a lot of other channels.
    0:43:22 And at the same time, I could keep going for hours on this.
    0:43:24 I’m sorry, this is going to be a long one.
    0:43:28 But one thing that I’ve been doing as well is trying to figure out how you can be, you
    0:43:31 know, there’s the whole concept of omnipresent marketing.
    0:43:34 People log into Facebook, they see you, they’re on LinkedIn, they see you.
    0:43:37 It’s very difficult to do that because it’s so much content to produce.
    0:43:44 If I can produce one 10 minute video, I use a tool which then separates that into seven or
    0:43:47 eight different short videos for YouTube shorts, TikTok, LinkedIn.
    0:43:53 I can then have AI take the transcript and turn that into a couple of different social posts.
    0:43:57 And so that’s another thing that I’ve been playing around with is as I’m recording one
    0:44:02 of these long form videos every day, one long form video is becoming five to 10 shorts.
    0:44:06 It’s becoming five social posts, text posts.
    0:44:13 Those shorts and text posts can be used across Twitter, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, Facebook,
    0:44:14 Instagram.
    0:44:16 Is there a specific tool that you’re using for that?
    0:44:19 Because that’s the next question, a new or new to you tool that you’re loving right now.
    0:44:19 Yeah.
    0:44:24 So the tool that I’m really like relying on at the minute is, I don’t know whether it’s
    0:44:25 Descript or Descript.
    0:44:30 I don’t know how they want you to pronounce it, but Descript, D-E-S-C-R-I-P-T.
    0:44:31 Yeah.
    0:44:35 And it’s, um, you know, I, I picked it because I hate video editing.
    0:44:35 I’m no good at it.
    0:44:36 It takes up too much time.
    0:44:39 And this, it transcribes the video.
    0:44:43 And if there’s a piece of the video you don’t like, you just cut that, the words from the
    0:44:46 transcription and it’ll edit it out of the video for you.
    0:44:46 So much easier.
    0:44:50 They have an AI tool built in where it’s like, Hey, create some clips.
    0:44:52 You give it some prompts about what kind of clips you want.
    0:44:54 You go away for three minutes.
    0:44:56 You come back, your clips are ready.
    0:44:57 Oh, I didn’t know they had that.
    0:45:01 Cause we use, we use Descript or my, my video editor uses Descript for the video editing stuff
    0:45:01 too.
    0:45:05 And it’s like the first time you use it, it’s like just this amazing experience of like,
    0:45:09 I could just edit the transcript versus like having to find that specific timestamp for the
    0:45:11 video and drag the thing over here.
    0:45:12 No, it’s really, really cool.
    0:45:18 And then, yeah, it’s Underlord, you know, it’s at the top in the top right corner of
    0:45:23 the, um, of the sidebar on the right hand side, Underlord, and then scroll down about two thirds
    0:45:23 of the way.
    0:45:27 There’s a bit which says create clips and it’ll do all of that for you.
    0:45:30 You can pick a template so that it designs it well, and then it would just export them
    0:45:31 all into that template.
    0:45:38 You have to double check them because sometimes the clips are no good, but you know, it’s the
    0:45:40 fastest way that I’ve found to do clips.
    0:45:45 And then I’m using, um, socialb.com, I think basically what that allows me to do.
    0:45:50 So yesterday I exported 15 shorts and I was like, this is going to take a long time for
    0:45:53 me to schedule this social be allows you to set up queues.
    0:45:59 So at 1 PM every day, share a short to these platforms.
    0:46:04 And then I just upload 15 shorts, give them the title and it adds them to the queue.
    0:46:06 And I don’t actually have to manually schedule anything out.
    0:46:07 Okay.
    0:46:08 Socialb.com.
    0:46:10 That’s, uh, that’s a new one.
    0:46:11 We’ll link both of those up.
    0:46:16 Descript and Socialb, other tools that you mentioned in the call, Thrivecart, Loom, ConvertKit,
    0:46:19 Beehive, lots of different tools at your disposal.
    0:46:23 So we’ll link up, uh, all of those in, uh, in the show notes for this episode.
    0:46:28 The last question of the triple threat is your favorite book from the last 12 months.
    0:46:34 So it’s, it’s, it’s maybe not my favorite book from the last 12 months, but as I mentioned,
    0:46:36 I’m really trying to get better at, uh, YouTube.
    0:46:41 And what I found is headline thumbnail are really important for getting people to engage with the
    0:46:41 video.
    0:46:45 And the first 30 seconds are really important to get people invested.
    0:46:50 And so I’ve been rereading a book called great leads, which is a direct response marketing book
    0:46:53 about how to start sales messages.
    0:46:57 Like I need, this is from guys who would write 10, 20,000 word sales letters.
    0:47:01 Um, and this book is all about how to open them up in the different ways that you can do
    0:47:06 it to hook engagement and hook like curiosity from people to get them to want to read the rest.
    0:47:08 So, you know, you grab that attention early.
    0:47:13 Um, so that’s one thing that I’ve been rereading in an attempt to see if I can port any of
    0:47:15 that information over to video.
    0:47:16 Okay.
    0:47:19 Great leads, a direct response marketing book.
    0:47:22 We will link that one up as well.
    0:47:24 That’s, uh, that’s new to me again.
    0:47:30 Uh, you can find Pete at growth models.co growth models.co slash dollar is, uh, the place
    0:47:33 to start your $1 product challenge.
    0:47:35 Big thanks to Pete for sharing his insight.
    0:47:39 Big thanks to our sponsors for helping make this content free for everyone.
    0:47:45 As always, you can hit up side hustle nation.com slash deals for all the latest offers from our
    0:47:46 sponsors in one place.
    0:47:49 Thank you for supporting the advertisers that support the show.
    0:47:50 That is it for me.
    0:47:51 Thank you so much for tuning in.
    0:47:55 If you’re finding value in the show, the greatest compliment is to share it with a friend.
    0:47:57 So fire off that text message.
    0:48:02 You might benefit from adding the $1 product challenge to their business until next time.
    0:48:04 Let’s go out there and make something happen.
    0:48:06 and I’ll catch you in the next edition
    0:48:07 of the Side Hustle Show.

    I can almost guarantee you’ve heard the phrase the “money is in the list.”

    And all the experts, myself included, extol the virtues of building your email list, right? Because it’s the platform that you own and control.

    But the question is, are you building an email list of buyers?  Subscribers are great, but you’re not buying groceries on subscribers alone.

    Pete Boyle is the founder of growthmodels.co and he  has a unique list-building and business-building strategy that throws free lead magnets out the window in favor of low-priced products, starting at just $1, and has seen some exciting results, including $4,000 in just 10 days.

    Tune in to Episode 664 of the Side Hustle Show to learn:

    • how a $1 product can turn cold leads into paying customers (without ads)
    • why low-ticket offers convert better than free lead magnets
    • how to stack simple offers into a $250+ funnel that leads to high-ticket sales

    (Start your own $1 product experiment at growthmodels.co/dollar.)

    Full Show Notes: The $1 Product Challenge

    New to the Show? Get your personalized money-making playlist here!

    Sponsors:

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  • Abundance Is the Key to Fixing America — with Ezra Klein & Derek Thompson

    AI transcript
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    0:01:15 Support for Prop G comes from Nutraful.
    0:01:19 We all deserve to love our hair, but sometimes that’s hard to do when you have less of it than you used to.
    0:01:28 According to Nutraful, a lot of factors that can contribute to your hair issues are actually a reflection of what’s happening on the inside, including stress and hormones.
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    0:02:23 Episode 342. Route 342 is an east-west highway in New York.
    0:02:25 In 1942, Disney released Bambi.
    0:02:29 I used to call my girlfriend Bambi, and she thought it was because she had big, beautiful eyes.
    0:02:33 No, it was because I wanted to shoot her mother with a hunting rifle.
    0:02:37 Go, go, go!
    0:02:47 Welcome to the 342nd episode of the Prop G. Pop.
    0:02:48 What’s happening?
    0:02:50 The dog is home in London.
    0:02:51 I’m back in London town.
    0:02:53 People say, why did you move to London?
    0:02:54 People always say that.
    0:02:56 And I say, well, why am I in London?
    0:02:59 I’m an influencer, not a decision maker on these issues.
    0:03:04 The mother of my children said, seven years ago, we’re moving to London in five years,
    0:03:05 or seven and a half years ago.
    0:03:09 And then she actually called my bluff, came over here, bought a house, involved the kids
    0:03:12 in school, and then boom, we’re in London.
    0:03:13 So let’s stack rank London.
    0:03:15 What’s the good?
    0:03:15 What’s the bad?
    0:03:16 People are like, do you like it?
    0:03:17 Do you love it?
    0:03:18 No, I don’t love it.
    0:03:19 I don’t love it.
    0:03:22 There’s some, let me start with the good.
    0:03:24 It’s a world-class city.
    0:03:31 I think mostly because it became a haven for private capital or wealthy people looking to
    0:03:32 engage in tax avoidance.
    0:03:35 And let’s be honest, that’s what you do when you get rich.
    0:03:38 And part of the reason people are rich is because they’re obsessed with money and they think about
    0:03:38 it a lot.
    0:03:41 Things you’re obsessed with, you tend to be better at than things you’re not obsessed
    0:03:47 with and Prime Minister Tony Blair at the time passed a series of private property laws that
    0:03:51 said, if you’re a war criminal or an oligarch or just made a shit ton of money and you’re
    0:03:56 worried about taxation, you can bring all your capital here and it’s safe and no one can come
    0:03:57 for it and take it.
    0:04:01 And also whatever money you keep offshore, we will not tax.
    0:04:04 And if you think about it, well, you don’t get to do that in America.
    0:04:08 If you make a bunch of money in businesses and Korea or whatever, and you repatriate it and
    0:04:12 bring it home such as you can spend it on hookers and cocaine, that’s where I go.
    0:04:14 That’s where the dog goes.
    0:04:18 Then you get taxed on it, as you should be.
    0:04:23 And in the UK, that money, as long as it stays outside of the UK, you don’t get taxed on it.
    0:04:24 So we get a lot of rich people coming here.
    0:04:27 Anyways, what do I like about the UK?
    0:04:28 Let’s stack rank it.
    0:04:29 It is a great city.
    0:04:33 I’ve been coming to London for about probably 50 years.
    0:04:38 I’ve been coming here since I was a wee one, since I was a wee skipper.
    0:04:42 Because both my parents are from the United Kingdom.
    0:04:44 My father from Glasgow, my mother from London.
    0:04:49 And this place has slowly but surely gotten the mother of all facelifts over the last 50 years.
    0:04:51 In the 80s, this was not a nice city.
    0:04:53 The food sucked.
    0:04:56 The infrastructure was crumbling.
    0:04:58 There weren’t a lot of innovative businesses here.
    0:05:00 It just wasn’t where you would decide to spend a lot of money.
    0:05:06 Now it really is sort of the most probably livable city if you’re coming from America and an English speaker.
    0:05:08 So there’s really interesting people.
    0:05:09 It is a world-class city.
    0:05:11 Premier League football, another amazing thing.
    0:05:15 Best thing about the UK, in my view, proximity to the continent.
    0:05:18 And also, I will say that people are very welcoming here.
    0:05:21 You come here and people immediately say, oh, you’re new?
    0:05:23 I had someone come up to me in the park and say, oh, you’re new?
    0:05:23 Come over.
    0:05:24 We have dogs.
    0:05:25 We’ll have dinner.
    0:05:26 I’m not comfortable with that.
    0:05:31 I don’t want to go to strangers’ house for fear that I walk in and it’s sort of weird and I think I’m trapped here for two and a half hours.
    0:05:34 But anyways, people have dinner parties when you arrive.
    0:05:35 Very, very nice.
    0:05:37 I found it very warm and welcoming culture.
    0:05:38 The downside.
    0:05:39 The downside.
    0:05:46 The second worst thing about it here, the business environment is really anemic, comatose.
    0:05:50 I just don’t find there’s the same entrepreneurial flair.
    0:05:56 I don’t know what it is, but I have found that the majority of the economy here is about serving wealth that’s been created elsewhere.
    0:05:59 That there isn’t a lot of organic value creation.
    0:06:04 Not a lot of, most of the entrepreneurs are starting businesses to serve money made elsewhere.
    0:06:05 They’re starting a restaurant.
    0:06:07 They’re starting a wealth management company.
    0:06:08 They’re starting a hotel.
    0:06:11 There’s very little, I think, of a tech scene here.
    0:06:12 I mean, a little bit.
    0:06:13 A little bit of payments.
    0:06:20 But it’s just not that same risk-taking infrastructure, whatever you might want to call it.
    0:06:23 By far, the worst thing about it here, oh my God, the weather.
    0:06:25 Jesus fucking Christ.
    0:06:27 It’s cloudy and gray and 52 degrees.
    0:06:28 Whoa.
    0:06:31 Good news is it’ll be like that for the next, I don’t know, seven years.
    0:06:32 Oh my God.
    0:06:35 It is just, I don’t really, I didn’t realize.
    0:06:38 I’m going to be, I’m absolutely going to retire to like Arizona or something.
    0:06:38 Not true.
    0:06:39 Retiring to Aspen.
    0:06:40 Retiring to Aspen.
    0:06:44 Because the sun, at least for me, I have that disorder, seasonal disorder.
    0:06:45 I don’t know.
    0:06:46 Is that really a disorder?
    0:06:47 Wanting to have sun all the time?
    0:06:50 But oh my gosh, I just can’t handle it.
    0:06:51 I just cannot handle it.
    0:06:53 We’ve been here two and a half years.
    0:06:54 Oh, I forgot.
    0:06:54 Actually, you know what?
    0:06:55 Best thing.
    0:06:59 The best thing about the UK is the schooling system.
    0:07:01 The schools are great here.
    0:07:05 My two boys are so happy, thriving, doing great in school.
    0:07:07 Oh, another free gift would purchase.
    0:07:12 I don’t have horror fantasies about waking up or getting up and turning on the TV and seeing
    0:07:14 my kids school in the news because of a mass shooter.
    0:07:15 You just really don’t have that here.
    0:07:16 Why?
    0:07:17 Because they’re fairly reasonable people.
    0:07:22 Anyways, that’s my breakdown of the UK, the United Kingdom.
    0:07:28 I would say to anyone who has the pleasure or the luxury or is fortunate enough to ever live
    0:07:30 abroad, I absolutely think you should.
    0:07:32 I could not do better than my life in the U.S.
    0:07:34 I will not do better than my life in the U.S.
    0:07:34 I love it there.
    0:07:35 I am very American.
    0:07:37 I didn’t realize how American I was, so I left.
    0:07:39 But you don’t want to do better.
    0:07:40 What you want to do is different.
    0:07:44 And if you have the resources or the opportunity to live abroad, you should.
    0:07:46 And I think there’s kind of two times when you figure it out.
    0:07:47 One, when you’re young.
    0:07:49 Because when you’re young, you can dance between the raindrops.
    0:07:52 You can just go out, have a pint, meet friends.
    0:07:53 You don’t have to live in a nice place.
    0:07:55 You’re more flexible.
    0:07:57 If it’s not great for your career, you can recover.
    0:07:59 Or, quite frankly, when you have a lot of money.
    0:08:01 And I know that sounds douchey.
    0:08:02 Oh, we should all be able to move to Europe.
    0:08:03 Yeah, but you can’t.
    0:08:06 The reason I moved to Europe, people say, oh, you wanted to get out of the U.S.
    0:08:07 because of Trump.
    0:08:07 No, not at all.
    0:08:11 I’m here because of the U.S., not because I wanted to leave.
    0:08:13 I’m here due to the prosperity I recognize in the U.S.
    0:08:17 And the reality is, in a city like London or living in Europe, especially with a family or moving,
    0:08:20 you just need to lubricate it with a lot of money.
    0:08:23 It’s probably true if you want to live in New York or San Francisco or L.A.
    0:08:28 But still, the reason I’m in Europe is because America let me.
    0:08:30 All right, moving on.
    0:08:34 In today’s episode, we speak with Ezra Klein, the New York Times columnist and host of The Ezra Klein Show,
    0:08:38 and Derek Thompson, Atlantic staff writer, author, and host of The Plain English Podcast.
    0:08:44 We discuss with Ezra and Derek their new book, Abundance, which is all about how America learned to fail at abundance
    0:08:48 and how the left can fix it by embracing growth, progress, and the messy tradeoffs of governing.
    0:08:50 So I did enjoy this conversation.
    0:08:53 I mean, something that plagues the United States.
    0:08:54 It’s interesting.
    0:08:59 Derek and Ezra would say that the left suffers from sort of the bureaucratic state,
    0:09:04 you know, 12 times as much to build a mile of subway in New York versus Paris,
    0:09:05 which isn’t known for its efficiency.
    0:09:09 We spent all this money on charging stations and none of them happened.
    0:09:13 I don’t know if that’s something that just plagues the left, quite frankly.
    0:09:19 Although what’s interesting is that kind of these Republican-run cities just seem to be better run right now
    0:09:20 than democratically-run cities.
    0:09:22 But anyways, that is what it is.
    0:09:24 I enjoyed it.
    0:09:26 They’re both really fascinating guys.
    0:09:27 Derek’s at The Atlantic.
    0:09:29 Ezra is at The New York Times.
    0:09:31 They’re both just super thoughtful guys.
    0:09:33 And also, they seem like nice guys.
    0:09:35 And I’m glad they’re doing so well.
    0:09:37 And I enjoyed having them on the pod, as will you.
    0:09:41 So with that, here’s our conversation with Ezra Klein and Derek Thompson.
    0:09:47 All right, let’s bust right into it.
    0:09:48 Gentlemen, where does this podcast find you?
    0:09:49 Ezra, where are you?
    0:09:50 I am in New York.
    0:09:52 You’re in New York.
    0:09:52 And Derek?
    0:09:55 I am in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
    0:09:56 Nice.
    0:09:57 We were just talking about it.
    0:09:59 I’m doing a college show with my son.
    0:10:01 And he’s decided that he’s interested in UNC.
    0:10:01 And I asked him why.
    0:10:02 And he said, because of the logo.
    0:10:06 And I thought, well, that’s absolutely the right reason to pick a university.
    0:10:13 Your new book, Abundance, is about where America, liberalism, and the Democratic Party went wrong over the last few decades.
    0:10:17 You argue that right-wing populism thrives on scarcity.
    0:10:20 And the answer is abundance.
    0:10:21 Let’s start there.
    0:10:23 What does that abundance look like?
    0:10:24 I’ll start with you, Derek.
    0:10:31 I think abundance is a positive vision of the future that liberals can build if we get out of our own way.
    0:10:34 And I think it starts first with actually having a goal.
    0:10:37 This book is about politics, and it’s about policy.
    0:10:48 But it opens actually with a sci-fi vignette of what the world of 2050 could look like if we get everything right in housing, in energy, in science, in technology, in governance.
    0:10:50 But these are different markets.
    0:10:51 And different markets have different problems.
    0:10:53 And they have different bottlenecks.
    0:10:58 And so part two, after you have a goal of where you want to go, is understanding what industries you’re actually working in.
    0:11:14 And a lot of this book is looking back over the last 50 years at how housing policy went wrong, often in blue cities, and how we failed to build clean energy in this country, even when liberal cities and liberal governors tend to say that they want to build clean energy to help climate change.
    0:11:24 And then finally, I think that abundance requires us identifying the bottlenecks that are in our way and the policies that we don’t have yet that could improve our outcomes.
    0:11:35 So, for example, I think it’s pretty remarkable that when you think about how important science and technology are to improving people’s health and improving people’s lives, this country doesn’t have a national invention agenda.
    0:11:47 So, you might expect that Elon Musk, now that he’s associated himself with the MAGA movement, would inscribe a kind of wise techno-optimist idea within that party.
    0:11:47 He hasn’t.
    0:11:49 He has no vision of what America can be.
    0:11:52 He has a vision of what he wants to tear down.
    0:12:03 And so, we believe very strongly in having a positive vision for the future, understanding the world and where we’ve gone wrong, and then finally, in resolving the bottlenecks to actually build that future.
    0:12:05 Ezra, any additional color there?
    0:12:15 I mean, I’ll give our one sentence, which is that the thesis of abundance is that to have the future we want, we need to build and invent more of what we need.
    0:12:19 Okay, so, abundance is a really nice word.
    0:12:21 Tell me on the ground what that means.
    0:12:22 Let’s talk about energy.
    0:12:23 Does that mean drill, baby, drill?
    0:12:27 Like, how does this notion of abundance impact our energy policy?
    0:12:38 So, I often get this question of, if you think we’ve gone wrong in so many places, if you think the government has hindered so much construction, so much innovation, why are you not just a conservative?
    0:12:40 Don’t we already have a Republican Party?
    0:12:50 The world you are trying to achieve matters, when there’s actually a huge disagreement I have with things like Doge, which is efficiency towards what?
    0:12:54 I hear all these tech-right people tell me that they’re readying the government for AI.
    0:12:57 And I’m like, okay, AI that does what?
    0:12:59 What is its value function?
    0:13:00 What is its prompt?
    0:13:01 What are you unleashing it on?
    0:13:02 You have to know what you’re trying to build.
    0:13:09 And the, I think two of the core tributaries of the book are housing and decarbonization.
    0:13:19 We are very, very worried about the absence of sufficient housing in the big, particularly the cities, although not only, that drive the American economy.
    0:13:23 And we’re simply not going to meet decarbonization goals.
    0:13:25 I mean, we’re probably at this point not going to meet them anyway.
    0:13:36 But you’re not going to meet decarbonization goals if you can’t build solar, wind, battery manufacturing facilities, and other things at a much, much, much faster pace than we’ve seen so far.
    0:13:43 And that are frankly possible under the way liberal governments, including national and democratic governments, tend to create the rules for construction.
    0:13:48 So, yeah, our theory is not just more of everything.
    0:13:52 I think we have a line in the book that it’s not an omnidirectional mournness.
    0:13:54 You have to choose what you need more of.
    0:14:00 Look, we’ve had also, as you know better than anybody, Scott, abundance of consumer goods for a long time.
    0:14:12 And behind that abundance of consumer goods where, you know, 40 years ago, you could go to public college debt-free, but you couldn’t have a flat-screen television anchored on your wall in your house.
    0:14:17 Now you probably can’t go to college, public college debt-free, and you can have a flat-screen television.
    0:14:24 So we kind of constructed government and the global economy to make the things that fill a house cheap and the things that build a life expensive.
    0:14:35 Child care, health care, education, housing, energy, and a set of other things that we think of as more of the building blocks of production and the building blocks of flourishing.
    0:14:42 And so we, in the book, sort of run through these, not just at a policy level, but also at a more conceptual level, sort of one by one.
    0:14:53 Housing, energy, state capacity, these structures that lead to invention, and then the structures and ways we turn that invention into actual technology that is produced in a way people can use.
    0:15:07 You have to choose, and if there’s any one, I think, pathology we are pulling at inside the way liberals govern, and we’re both, you know, American liberals, it’s that we often don’t choose.
    0:15:16 We lard things up with too many goals, too many standards, too many regulations, and we don’t take seriously that if you’re going to achieve anything, you need to focus on achieving that thing.
    0:15:20 Again, anything done well is hard, and we pretend it’s easy and then act surprised when we fail.
    0:15:26 So, Derek, I love the idea of abundance, but I’ll put forward a thesis and you respond.
    0:15:29 We don’t suffer from a lack of abundance.
    0:15:39 What we suffer from is this oligarchical zeitgeist where we’ve decided to optimize the U.S. for the top 1%.
    0:15:43 And we don’t suffer from an increase in market capitalization and an increase in wealth.
    0:16:01 What we suffer from is policies that essentially insert certain companies in between the consumer on some public goods, including health care, housing, prison system, where the objective or the metrics are shareholder value, not the public good.
    0:16:04 The private company inserts themselves in the middle.
    0:16:05 It does a great job.
    0:16:13 Innovation applies to technology and then creates market power, raises the prices, and we end up with one in four households with children.
    0:16:25 I mean, quite frankly, just to sound like a liberal, isn’t our problem not abundance, but quite frankly, that we are slowly but surely sequestering all the abundance to the 1%?
    0:16:32 Sometimes I would say the answer to our problems is that the oligarchy is getting in the way of achieving our outcomes.
    0:16:36 But let’s talk about housing for a second.
    0:16:40 Why is it that California has the worst affordable housing crisis in the country?
    0:16:47 Why is it that the five states with the highest rates of homelessness are all states that are governed by Democrats?
    0:16:52 Is it because the oligarchy is stronger in democratic states?
    0:17:10 Or is it because in place after place governed by Democrats, we have allowed habits and customs and rules and regulations to get in the way of what you and I and Ezra all want, which is more housing supply?
    0:17:20 Right. Scott, your last great note for your last great newsletter was about housing being the most important topic for the 2028 election.
    0:17:26 Right. We have seen the average age of first time homeowners go from 25 to 37 years old.
    0:17:36 We now have a record high number of young people who say they cannot afford a home because the cost of housing as a share of average incomes has gone up and up and up.
    0:17:45 Of course, I think sometimes the problems in housing have to do with incumbents, but sometimes the problems in housing have to do with us ourselves and the rules that we write.
    0:17:54 So you look at a place like Portland, Oregon, in Portland, Oregon, every single mayor and every single governor that’s elected says housing is our priority.
    0:18:03 But if you ask, can we build outside of the current lines that are drawn by the 1972 land use laws, they say, no, we can’t do that.
    0:18:13 If you ask if you can build a new apartment building that blocks a view of Mount Rainier, they say, actually, our view of Mount Rainier is more important than the additional than additional new housing units.
    0:18:21 So I do think that, of course, there are many situations where the most important problem to focus on is the problem of entrenched money.
    0:18:34 But in many cases, for the issues that you and I care most about, which is housing supply and housing abundance, I think we need to take a good long look in the mirror and recognize something I think has gone wrong on our own side.
    0:18:51 If the cities and the cities that have the worst housing crisis are also governed by liberals and also I would say the cost of escalating housing prices is not just seen in how much housing is eating up the budgets of people who live in these cities.
    0:18:54 It’s also the people who are leaving these cities.
    0:18:56 California is losing people.
    0:18:58 New York State is losing people.
    0:18:59 Illinois is losing people.
    0:19:01 Minnesota is losing people.
    0:19:12 Working class families, as Ezra just said in his beautifully done new video for The New York Times, working class families are leaving blue states and moving to states that are more likely to be governed by Republicans.
    0:19:25 Of course, there are all sorts of indictments that we can make of the power of oligarchy in this country, and we can talk about the many ways that Elon Musk is turning government into some kind of kleptocratic mania.
    0:19:34 But look, if we’re really trying to understand why is the housing crisis worse in blue states and blue cities, I think we need to look in the mirror as well.
    0:19:43 Ezra, you talk about or you say in the book that for a future that’s pro-growth, pro-technology, and has pro-liberal values.
    0:19:46 What does that actually look like in practice?
    0:19:47 Give me more.
    0:19:56 Well, let’s talk about, I mean, beyond just clearing out, going from NIMBY to YIMBY like they’ve done in Austin or in Minneapolis.
    0:20:09 Give me an example beyond housing of how kind of a pro-technology, pro-growth, and pro-liberal values, how that actually impacts things on the ground.
    0:20:19 I think you guys could have written your book just on housing because I think what you’re saying really resonates with people where we’ve turned it into an investment class and turned over housing permits to homeowners and took it out of the hands of bureaucrats.
    0:20:22 And homeowners have an incentive to restrict the supply.
    0:20:29 But give me another example in another sector of how you think kind of being pro-tech and pro-growth might change our current approach.
    0:20:31 Yeah, let’s talk energy because I think energy is a useful one.
    0:20:41 Imagine a world where it just turned out we never invented a form of energy that didn’t require burning fossil fuels, right?
    0:20:42 We figured out natural gas.
    0:20:44 We figured out oil and petroleum.
    0:20:45 We figured out coal.
    0:20:48 But we never invented the solar panel.
    0:20:50 We never figured out what to do with a wind turbine.
    0:20:53 Didn’t figure out hydropower or geothermal.
    0:21:12 You would have this, I think, politically impossible problem, which is that the only way to do anything about greenhouse gas emissions would be to radically cut the living standards of functionally everybody who uses energy around the globe, right?
    0:21:14 There just wouldn’t be another way around it.
    0:21:16 You could try to make your burning of coal more efficient.
    0:21:23 But if we did not keep moving the technological frontier forward, I mean, I grew up, I don’t know where you grew up, Scott, but I grew up outside L.A.
    0:21:26 And when I grew up, you still had L.A. coated in smog.
    0:21:30 You would still go in and you’d be like looking at this.
    0:21:34 You’d think, is it cloudy or can I not breathe today?
    0:21:35 Yeah, I remember, I grew up in L.A.
    0:21:38 I remember coming home from school and your chest would hurt when you breathe in.
    0:21:38 Yep.
    0:21:43 And what’s crazy today, and it’s a way I think you know that the only future is not degrowth.
    0:21:46 What’s crazy today is L.A. is richer.
    0:21:47 It’s bigger.
    0:21:48 And you can breathe the air.
    0:21:50 And that happens in a lot of places.
    0:21:53 I mean, London used to be unfathomably smoggy.
    0:21:55 I mean, go back to any writing about the Industrial Revolution.
    0:21:57 So, OK, so we didn’t end up in that world.
    0:22:04 We ended up in a world where due to a series, by the way, of policies, right, government funding of research,
    0:22:09 the German subsidies, particularly for solar, Chinese subsidies for the solar industry,
    0:22:15 we ended up over the past 10, 15 years driving the price of solar down by 90 percent,
    0:22:18 driving the price of wind down, I think it’s by 79 percent,
    0:22:21 and the battery storage around by something comparable.
    0:22:25 It is only because of that genuine set of technological miracles,
    0:22:28 and I don’t use miracles here to mean just luck, right?
    0:22:30 That was a huge amount of policy and human ingenuity.
    0:22:37 Do we have any capacity to have a politics around climate change that is not just a politics of sacrifice,
    0:22:40 because politics of sacrifice do not typically work,
    0:22:46 and they have a terrible tendency to elect strong men from the authoritarian right.
    0:22:49 You go to people and you say, we’re going to cut how much energy you have.
    0:22:50 We’re going to ration your energy.
    0:22:52 Nothing destabilizes a polity faster.
    0:22:54 Think about the Yellow Vest riots in France.
    0:22:57 Think about how Kamala Harris, in a time of high energy prices,
    0:23:01 was running not on the climate investments of the Biden-Harris administration,
    0:23:05 but on the oil and gas production increase of the Biden-Harris administration.
    0:23:11 So one of the aims of the book is to repair what we think of as a dysfunctional relationship
    0:23:14 that has emerged between liberals and technology.
    0:23:18 There is a tendency to put technology, I think practically after 2016,
    0:23:21 it’s run by a bunch of oligarchic billionaires.
    0:23:25 There’s a ton of, certainly in the liberal mind, disinformation and propaganda on Facebook.
    0:23:27 Liberals sort of turn on technology.
    0:23:30 But there’s a lot you just can’t solve without technology,
    0:23:35 and a lot about your politics that really change if you get the right technological advancements.
    0:23:37 We’re saying we’re not using housing for this example,
    0:23:42 but modular housing would do a lot to change the politics of housing if you could use them
    0:23:45 in a lot of cities because you could do public housing much more cheaply,
    0:23:48 and you could also do non-public housing much more cheaply.
    0:23:56 Energy and continued advance in things like modular nuclear could really, really, really make possible a situation
    0:24:03 where you could have countries like China and India continue to grow and continue to give people vastly better lives
    0:24:05 while also cutting carbon emissions.
    0:24:08 It could leapfrog the kind of development we went through.
    0:24:10 It’s also true for healthcare.
    0:24:15 So I spent a lot of my career as a reporter on healthcare policy,
    0:24:19 and sort of my intention in that reporting is I care about universal healthcare policy.
    0:24:21 I was all over Obamacare and the Affordable Care Act.
    0:24:25 But how valuable having any kind of health insurance is,
    0:24:27 how valuable having private health insurance is,
    0:24:29 how valuable Medicare is, Medicaid is,
    0:24:35 is dependent on what devices, treatments, surgeries, pharmaceuticals are there.
    0:24:39 Medicare and Medicaid that cover Ozempic is more valuable than Medicare and Medicaid
    0:24:42 that does not cover Ozempic or Wagovi or the other ones.
    0:24:46 And if it didn’t exist, they would all be less valuable, right?
    0:24:50 There are people with huge numbers right now of autoimmune conditions we don’t understand.
    0:24:53 These insurance products would be a hell of a lot more valuable to people
    0:24:56 if we knew how to cure those and the insurance could cover the cures.
    0:25:00 So there is a lot you just can’t do if you don’t innovate.
    0:25:02 If we don’t figure out green cement and jet fuel,
    0:25:04 we’re not hitting our climate targets one way or the other.
    0:25:11 So liberalism has to have a technological agenda in addition to a social insurance agenda.
    0:25:15 And that means taking the mechanisms and institutions of technological progress
    0:25:19 and then the distribution of the fruits of that technological progress seriously.
    0:25:23 So, Derek, when we talk about energy policy,
    0:25:25 just to steel man this,
    0:25:32 that the very Republican state of Texas is now producing more wind energy than anyone,
    0:25:34 and that economics ultimately wins out.
    0:25:36 Or that’s a case study.
    0:25:39 And ultimately, that creates less bureaucracy,
    0:25:42 let the market decide, more wind energy,
    0:25:43 lower cost of energy,
    0:25:46 more tax revenue to reinvest in our schools.
    0:25:50 Isn’t the conservative agenda more of an abundance agenda?
    0:25:51 It’s interesting.
    0:25:53 We’ve gotten a version of this question a few times.
    0:25:54 I think it’s a really good question.
    0:25:58 Certainly, Texas and Texas politicians do not have, as their North Star,
    0:26:02 the idea that climate change is the most important policy in the world, right?
    0:26:06 It is liberals and it’s progressives who have all of the backpack pins that say,
    0:26:08 let’s ban oil and let’s fix climate change.
    0:26:12 Nonetheless, as you point out, you can’t ignore the fact of outcomes.
    0:26:15 It is Texas that is building the most renewable.
    0:26:20 And it is often places like Georgia and Iowa, not run by Democrats,
    0:26:25 but run often by Republicans who do not value climate change as a top-order priority,
    0:26:27 that are building the most renewable energy.
    0:26:30 And that speaks to the fact that in some cases,
    0:26:36 if you allow a market to work without the interference of NIMBY politics,
    0:26:42 you sometimes, ironically, end up with more progressive outcomes.
    0:26:46 This is as true in energy as you could say it is in housing.
    0:26:52 What stands in the way of housing in San Francisco, in Los Angeles, in Boston, in Portland,
    0:26:55 is not demand to live there.
    0:26:57 It’s constrictures on supply.
    0:27:02 And in the same way, I think there are people in California and New York who want to build,
    0:27:06 and Massachusetts, who want to build more solar and want to build more wind,
    0:27:13 but they can’t do it because the political processes in these states have gotten so good
    0:27:17 at the politics of blocking that they’ve prevented the politics of building,
    0:27:21 even building things that are in liberals’ interests,
    0:27:27 houses, solar, wind, geothermal, even, if you’re a certain kind of progressive, nuclear.
    0:27:31 So I think you’ve put your finger on a really, really important tension
    0:27:35 between the processes that liberals have and the outcomes that they want.
    0:27:43 Why are our outcomes living in Texas if our priorities live in San Francisco?
    0:27:49 That is an incredibly important question for the progressive movement to ask itself
    0:27:54 if it wants to answer the question and actually build the things that we say we want to build.
    0:27:56 We’ll be right back.
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    0:30:39 Ezra, I see the epicenter of all the things you’re talking about or the perfect storm of bad things,
    0:30:45 whether it’s an obsession with scarcity or the administrative state getting in the way of objectives
    0:30:47 or kind of losing the plot.
    0:30:50 I think the epicenter for everything you guys are talking about is my industry,
    0:30:56 where you have, when the dean announces we’ve rejected 85% of applicants,
    0:30:57 what do the faculty and the alumni do?
    0:30:58 They stand up and they applaud.
    0:31:04 I’m curious if you’ve thought about how this scarcity or non-abundance mindset
    0:31:10 has infected higher education and what policy recommendations you guys would make
    0:31:11 to address this problem.
    0:31:13 I’ve thought about it a bit.
    0:31:15 Higher ed is not a huge focus of the book.
    0:31:19 But in some earlier, some Californian, and in some earlier work,
    0:31:24 one of the things I think about in terms of what happened to the California of the past,
    0:31:29 I don’t think there is a greater public achievement,
    0:31:33 certainly not in education, in the world than the University of California system.
    0:31:34 Oh, right on, my brother.
    0:31:38 Literally, right the fuck on.
    0:31:44 I am here because of the generosity of California taxpayers and the regents of UC.
    0:31:45 Anyway, sorry, I was going to go ahead.
    0:31:46 It’s an extraordinary…
    0:31:47 I went to UC Santa Cruz.
    0:31:47 I went to UCLA.
    0:31:52 Right, like I am a full-on product of California public schools through California higher ed.
    0:31:54 What was your tuition when you were going?
    0:31:56 It was a long time ago.
    0:31:59 I don’t remember it offhand.
    0:32:01 I’m worried I’m going to give you the out-of-state.
    0:32:02 Mine was $7,000.
    0:32:06 I think mine was like, yeah, it was like $10,000, I believe.
    0:32:10 Mine was $7,000 for all seven years of undergrad and grad.
    0:32:13 Do you remember the admissions rate at UC when you applied?
    0:32:14 No.
    0:32:18 For me, at UCLA, it was 76% when I applied.
    0:32:18 And I was one of the 24%.
    0:32:19 Do you want to hear something?
    0:32:22 So, UC had, when I was in…
    0:32:24 I was a shit student.
    0:32:26 I had a 2.2 when I graduated high school.
    0:32:28 You had a lot of trouble paying attention.
    0:32:32 UC had a thing then called eligibility.
    0:32:35 And it was a sliding scale.
    0:32:46 But if you got above a 3.3 or above a 1,400 on your SATs or something in between that sliding scale, you were guaranteed admission to Riverside or Santa Cruz.
    0:32:52 No, by the time I went, UC, I wasn’t doing eligibility anymore because they were too blocked up.
    0:32:53 I don’t know if any of them do it anymore.
    0:32:56 But when I went, that’s how I got into Santa Cruz.
    0:32:58 I qualified in on test scores.
    0:33:13 But the thing is, like, in my lifetime and well before it, having built the most remarkable public university system the world has ever known, and, like, take nothing away from Cal State or the community colleges there, which are also great, they added exactly one UC campus Merced.
    0:33:16 Fuck did we stop building UCs for?
    0:33:18 Did California stop having people?
    0:33:20 Did we stop needing great universities?
    0:33:29 But I’ve, like, looked into this, and, I mean, one is, oh, my God, like, the fighting in the legislature over where to go and, you know, who gets it and whose ox gets gored.
    0:33:35 And we just stopped building a bunch of different kinds of things.
    0:33:38 We can’t build high-speed rail, but we also don’t build new UCs.
    0:33:41 You know, we don’t build houses, but we also don’t build enough clean energy.
    0:33:48 I think the other thing I would say, because I do agree with you, Scott, and have pretty intense views on this, I don’t know.
    0:33:55 I have people I respect who will tell me, well, you know, if you double or triple the size of Harvard, it wouldn’t be Harvard anymore, and it would lose quality.
    0:33:56 I don’t know that I buy that.
    0:34:01 But you could sure as hell open these places up to a lot more innovation.
    0:34:06 You could sure as hell do a lot of new things and put a lot of money into new institutions.
    0:34:09 And I wonder about the fact that we don’t.
    0:34:12 There was a good piece in The New Yorker recently by Adam Gopnik.
    0:34:16 It’s not what we’re here to talk about, but here’s what we’re talking about, about the Gilded Age.
    0:34:25 And he was making this point about how the robber barons were monsters in a million different ways.
    0:34:27 They’re also remarkable in other ways.
    0:34:32 But, man, did they leave behind cultural institutions and institutions of learning.
    0:34:33 Vanderbilt’s a great university.
    0:34:34 Really is.
    0:34:36 What are they all doing today?
    0:34:39 What are they all doing today?
    0:34:41 And he was, like, making the point about museums and art.
    0:34:46 I was in Pittsburgh for a family event recently.
    0:34:49 And, man, the museums there are great.
    0:34:58 We have, like, the federal government has stopped building, but also there’s nothing like the construction of cultural institutions that the rich did in that era.
    0:35:12 The rich of this era are building their personal rocket companies and getting their yachts, but they’re not creating, like, new institutions of local or, for that matter, national value.
    0:35:19 So there’s something, I think, about our institutional, our absence of institutional ambition.
    0:35:27 Elon Musk sure has the ambition to destroy things that have been built in the public sector, but not to make new ones.
    0:35:29 And you just kind of see this replicated.
    0:35:43 There is, as we stop, the narrow version of this is that as we find that we cannot build rail at any acceptable cost point, we do a lot of less building of rail with tunnels in it because tunnels are expensive and they’re difficult to do.
    0:35:47 In other countries, you do a lot more tunneling because they still believe they can build rail.
    0:35:52 And when you believe you can build rail and actually finish it on time and on budget, you’ll do the hard versions of rail, which include tunnels.
    0:35:55 And I think there’s something like that that is infected.
    0:36:05 A lot of state governments, for that matter, the federal government, and a lot of societies wealthy where they just don’t really believe in building great new institutions.
    0:36:31 I think it’s impossible to argue against the notion that we used to have these individuals of extraordinary talent that would practice full-body contact violence of capitalism and then became very civic-minded with the spoils of that full-body contact violence of competition.
    0:36:34 It appears now we have the former and not the latter.
    0:36:40 My fear, though, is that waiting on the better angels of these billionaires to show up is not a strategy.
    0:36:47 And that I have now become – I’ve kind of just gone full Bernie Sanders and I’d like you both to respond to this.
    0:36:51 And I believe that we just need a massive alternative minimum tax.
    0:36:54 My tax rate for the last 10 years has been 17 percent.
    0:36:58 I’m very transparent about – from my 30s and 40s, I was averaging over 30 percent.
    0:37:01 Then I got very wealthy and my tax rate has been cut in half.
    0:37:15 I mean, in order to make these sorts of big, bold investments in rail, in UC, and still have the money to pay for our defense department, Medicaid, Medicare, doesn’t it simply, quite frankly, just come down to restoring a progressive tax policy?
    0:37:16 Derek, any thoughts?
    0:37:18 Sure.
    0:37:21 I’m absolutely a fan of restoring progressive tax policy in this country.
    0:37:29 You know, we’re progressives in the American tradition, which means that we believe in big, muscular programs in the style of the New Deal.
    0:37:31 We believe in Social Security.
    0:37:32 We believe in Medicare and Medicaid.
    0:37:45 We know that we’re going to continue to have to spend hundreds of billions of dollars on defense, not only to defend the country, but also to invest in military technology to keep Americans and countries that have American values safe.
    0:37:48 But also, yes, institutions cost a lot of money.
    0:37:53 Next-generation energy costs money to build, and sometimes it even costs money to subsidize, right?
    0:37:59 Fusion technology does not exist right now, and getting it off the ground might be a very expensive enterprise.
    0:38:03 The same with building high-speed rail across the country, if that’s what we want to do.
    0:38:09 So absolutely, I believe that progressivism requires sufficient funding.
    0:38:18 But I also think that an important part of this book, an important framework of abundance, subtly nudges the question toward the opposite side of the ledger,
    0:38:33 which is how do we solve the problems that we have with supply, not the demand that comes from taxpayer money, which is important, but also the strategy that comes or the outcomes that come from expanding supply.
    0:38:39 In a way, that’s the unspoken question that we’ve been circling around this whole conversation.
    0:38:46 In housing, how do we solve the affordable housing crisis with supply, with not reducing a corporate income tax,
    0:38:53 but actually reducing a building tax in the cities that have the highest demand for housing and where we have the highest rates of homelessness?
    0:38:59 In energy, how do we make it easier to build not only oil and drilling and fracking for natural gas,
    0:39:07 but also building the next generation of key energy technology and solar, wind, geothermal and beyond, even nuclear, even in science institutions?
    0:39:13 The answer to your question, how do we deal with the fact that education and college costs in this country have gone through the roof
    0:39:18 and it is prohibitively expensive now to afford four years of excellent elite college in this country?
    0:39:21 Well, how do we solve that problem with supply?
    0:39:27 How do we train our eyes on the fact that the UC system essentially stopped building new branches and new schools?
    0:39:29 And in fact, it’s not just the UC system.
    0:39:34 I mean, name an elite college that has been founded in the last 100 years.
    0:39:39 I think two of the last ones that are in to the top 25 of any kind of U.S. News and World Report ranking
    0:39:42 are things like Chicago and Stanford, which are over 100 years old.
    0:39:46 It’s been a century that we’ve taken a time out from building the kind of institutions
    0:39:52 that we used to spring up and pop up every five years in the last half of the 19th century.
    0:39:57 And to Ezra’s point, I don’t think it’s a coincidence that the same time that we were inventing things left and right
    0:40:03 and building houses and building roads and building canals and building telegraph wires in the late 19th century,
    0:40:05 we were also building institutions.
    0:40:12 And there was some strange thing in the air that even some of the most unethical people in this country
    0:40:18 who did stuff like Rockefeller did to the trade industry of using his monopoly power
    0:40:20 to essentially shut down companies and start riots,
    0:40:23 nonetheless had a bone in his body that said,
    0:40:28 I want to use my money to build something new that doesn’t exist yet.
    0:40:32 Why doesn’t that bone exist in the bodies of billionaires today?
    0:40:36 So I do think that on top of your very important point,
    0:40:40 that a critical part of shoring up government finances in the next generation
    0:40:42 is going to be having sufficient tax revenue,
    0:40:45 and that sufficient tax revenue is going to be necessary to build a lot of the things
    0:40:48 in the physical world, expensive things that we want to build.
    0:40:50 I also want us to think about the question,
    0:40:53 how do we solve this problem with supply?
    0:40:57 And think about all the various stations and departments and corners
    0:41:02 that that question can apply to even outside of the scope of our book,
    0:41:06 which is, as we’ve said, focused so much on housing and energy and science.
    0:41:10 I want to say these questions are not distinct from each other.
    0:41:17 And I really want to say here, look, I will tax a rich to any level anybody wants to tax a rich.
    0:41:25 I think the marginal value of those dollars, they’re just points on a board at a certain point,
    0:41:27 and you should be taxing the shit out of them.
    0:41:30 And we still got to use that tax money well.
    0:41:39 And the reason California has not built, has absolutely failed to build high-speed rail is not tax dollars.
    0:41:41 We tax plenty in California.
    0:41:45 And China has a hell of a lot less in tax dollars per capita than we do,
    0:41:51 and they’ve built 23,000 miles of high-speed rail in the time California has failed to build 500.
    0:41:55 In New York City, in New York State, taxes here are high.
    0:41:58 It’s a fairly high-tax jurisdiction, at least compared to other places.
    0:42:06 The 2nd Avenue subway, highest cost per kilometer of rail ever recorded in human history.
    0:42:14 There’s no amount of taxing we can do that is going to allow us to build a bunch of subway if it’s all going to cost like that.
    0:42:17 And by the way, the next phases are projected to cost more.
    0:42:19 We have to use taxpayer dollars well.
    0:42:23 And the fact that rich people have too much money and we should tax more of it
    0:42:27 doesn’t exempt us from the need to use taxpayer dollars well.
    0:42:32 And I think this is a conceptual and political mistake Democrats and liberals make a lot.
    0:42:34 Because taxing the rich is popular.
    0:42:35 It’s great.
    0:42:38 But the reason people don’t trust us on all kinds of things,
    0:42:40 and something I try to keep telling people,
    0:42:43 is like, yeah, Donald Trump won in 2024 on cost of living.
    0:42:46 He won because people trusted him on inflation over Democrats.
    0:42:50 But if you go look at exit polls in 2020, when people were tired of Donald Trump,
    0:42:53 he was even with Joe Biden on the economy.
    0:42:57 And if you go look at 2016, he was ahead of Hillary Clinton on the economy,
    0:42:59 even as he lost the popular vote.
    0:43:02 People do not trust Democrats on the economy.
    0:43:04 They don’t trust Democrats to spend your money well.
    0:43:07 And part of the reason is we often don’t spend people’s money well.
    0:43:11 Now, Musk and Trump don’t give a shit about where money is being spent well and poorly.
    0:43:15 They’re trying to gut the Social Security Administration, which spends money incredibly effectively.
    0:43:17 Incredibly effectively.
    0:43:18 They’re gutting the IRS.
    0:43:22 And when you cut people at the IRS, they don’t audit rich people and you lose money, right?
    0:43:24 They’re not trying to save money.
    0:43:26 They’re not trying to make government more efficient.
    0:43:32 But there is not an amount of money we can tax people where that is going to lead to the kind
    0:43:35 of public infrastructure we want if we cannot build that public infrastructure.
    0:43:38 AOC has a bill to do more public housing.
    0:43:39 That’s great.
    0:43:41 I want public housing to be palatial.
    0:43:43 I want it everywhere.
    0:43:48 But if we force public housing to operate under the rules that it currently does, which makes
    0:43:50 it much more expensive to build public housing.
    0:43:55 Brandon Johnson, the mayor of Chicago, just tweeted out trying to brag about this, that
    0:43:59 they had spent, I think it was $1.1, what was it, $11 billion?
    0:44:05 It was, I believe it was $11 billion on 10,000 affordable units coming out to $1.1 million.
    0:44:06 Or yeah, maybe it’s $10,000.
    0:44:11 So yeah, it was coming out to $1.1 million per affordable housing unit funded by the city.
    0:44:15 We can’t be spending $1.1 million on affordable housing unit.
    0:44:17 And the answer is not, we should tax rich people more.
    0:44:22 Maybe we should, but everybody who’s getting taxed there deserves a better return on their
    0:44:24 dollar than $1.1 million for this.
    0:44:25 So yeah, tax rich people more.
    0:44:27 Oligarchy is a big problem.
    0:44:29 I’m very worried about oligarchy of attention.
    0:44:33 We have most of the world’s attention being dominated on various social media platforms,
    0:44:37 but like five guys who are all lined up next to each other at Donald Trump’s inauguration.
    0:44:40 I’ve seen a bunch of people be like, well, what about political power?
    0:44:41 Yeah, political power is a big problem.
    0:44:45 But one way you get political power is you convince people you’re using their money well.
    0:44:50 And to do that, you have to accept and admit that you’ve been using it badly and tell people
    0:44:53 you got a plan to do it better in the future, or they don’t trust you.
    0:44:55 And in a lot of cases, they don’t trust us now.
    0:44:56 And they have a good reason for that.
    0:45:01 I don’t want to spend too much time harping on the poor mayor of Chicago, whose approval
    0:45:03 rating at this point is way below the Mendoza line.
    0:45:09 But I think it’s really important to distinguish that form of liberalism from the kind of liberalism
    0:45:10 we’re advancing in this book.
    0:45:15 There’s a kind of checkbook liberalism that associates success with how much money you can
    0:45:15 spend.
    0:45:20 That’s a liberalism that brags about $11 billion spent on 10,000 affordable units.
    0:45:24 There’s another kind of liberalism that brags not about how much you spend, but about how
    0:45:25 much you build.
    0:45:31 And that’s the kind of liberalism that would say, look how easy it was for us to build 10,000
    0:45:32 affordable units.
    0:45:33 Forget the price tag.
    0:45:35 Look how quickly we did it.
    0:45:37 And look at the people who are now living there.
    0:45:43 That’s an outcome-based liberalism that I think is very different from the kind of progressivism
    0:45:46 that has become a habit on the left in the last few years.
    0:45:49 Yeah, look how awesome are high-speed rails in California.
    0:45:50 Don’t you want that, Texas?
    0:45:51 Yeah.
    0:45:57 Well, even just, you know, manufactured homes cost 30 to 50 percent less that are dropped
    0:45:59 on a piece of land as opposed to building on site.
    0:46:03 I think at some point in this longer conversation, we’ve got to talk about unions.
    0:46:08 If we’re going to talk about inefficiency, but while I have you here, I would be remiss not
    0:46:11 to ask you guys to find, because I think you’ve done, both have done really good podcasts on
    0:46:12 this.
    0:46:17 It strikes me, and this is a bit of a softball amongst three progressives, that the exact
    0:46:23 opposite, the antichrist to an abundance culture are tariffs.
    0:46:31 Can you give me any sense for the rationale or any color you want to add on the current obsession
    0:46:34 with tariffs across the current administration?
    0:46:35 Derek, I’ll let you go first.
    0:46:38 I think Donald Trump is a scarcity candidate.
    0:46:44 I think his political success was created by a sense of scarcity, a sense that America wasn’t
    0:46:48 growing fast enough, a sense that people couldn’t afford what they wanted to afford, whether it
    0:46:50 was groceries or housing.
    0:46:54 What we’ve seen the first few weeks of the Donald Trump administration is that he’s using
    0:46:58 America’s existing shortages to demand more deprivations.
    0:47:04 He’s saying Americans don’t have enough housing, and therefore we need fewer immigrants.
    0:47:10 America doesn’t have enough manufacturing, and therefore we need higher tariffs, which are
    0:47:11 essentially a tax on imports.
    0:47:12 Right.
    0:47:17 America doesn’t have enough science that we think answers the kind of questions that we want,
    0:47:20 and therefore we’re going to gut scientific institutions entirely.
    0:47:26 I think that’s an approach to politics that essentially says we solve our problems of scarcity
    0:47:27 with just more scarcity.
    0:47:29 And we’re asking for the exact opposite.
    0:47:30 We’re asking for abundance.
    0:47:35 We’re saying, yes, there is an affordable housing crisis in this country, and especially
    0:47:37 in the cities that people want to live.
    0:47:40 Let’s get out of our way and solve this problem with supply.
    0:47:46 Yes, we agree with Secretary of Treasury Besson’s plan to increase total American energy production.
    0:47:52 Let’s not hamper our ability to build solar, wind, and geothermal, which are certainly the
    0:47:54 energy technologies of the future.
    0:47:56 Let’s get out of our way and make it easier to build those things as well.
    0:48:02 And so I think tariffs are just a perfect, just quintessential example of the way that Donald
    0:48:06 Trump looks at the problems of American society today, looks at the shortages and the scarcities
    0:48:10 and deprivations that we have, and layers more scarcity on top of it.
    0:48:11 That’s his instinct.
    0:48:17 And in a way, maybe I’m even giving him and his political habits even too much credit by
    0:48:19 assigning them any kind of ideological character.
    0:48:22 I do think that personality explains everything that Donald Trump wants to do.
    0:48:26 He’s someone who likes to make big pronouncements, make people feel like they’re less than,
    0:48:28 get on the phone, work out a deal.
    0:48:33 And so he likes a world where he threatens tariffs against the entire world and takes phone call
    0:48:37 after phone call after phone call from individual world leaders to work out little deals between
    0:48:41 him and that leader to get something for himself and the people who support him.
    0:48:48 This is not, in any capacity, a strategy to make more for Americans who want more.
    0:48:51 This is not a strategy that’s going to do anything for housing, certainly.
    0:48:54 I mean, the National Association of Homebuilders, I don’t know if you saw this when you were putting
    0:48:55 together your newsletter.
    0:48:59 The National Association of Homebuilders came out with a message after the tariff announcement
    0:49:01 that said, this is going to be a catastrophe.
    0:49:06 Our inputs include lumber from Canada and drywall material from Mexico.
    0:49:10 And now we’re going to increase the taxes on those inputs by 25 percent.
    0:49:15 This is a president who understood his mandate, which was all about unaffordability in this
    0:49:19 country, to immediately raise the two key inputs of housing by 25 percent.
    0:49:21 It’s complete effing madness.
    0:49:29 Thinking about solving your problems by expanding supply is so much more rational than whatever
    0:49:31 nonsense we’re getting from the government right now.
    0:49:35 Can I read y’all J.D. Vance’s tweet that I’ve been really looking for an opportunity
    0:49:37 to tee off on, but now maybe I have it?
    0:49:39 J.D. Vance tweets.
    0:49:40 This was yesterday.
    0:49:42 We’re speaking on March 11th.
    0:49:45 President Trump’s economic policies are simple.
    0:49:49 If you invest in and create jobs in America, you’ll be rewarded.
    0:49:51 We’ll lower regulations and reduce taxes.
    0:49:56 But if you build outside of the United States, you’re on your own.
    0:50:08 Okay, so this toy model of the economy they have is such lunacy.
    0:50:16 What if you’re a restaurant and you’ve built your restaurant in the United States and you
    0:50:24 employ people locally to cook your food and serve your customers and clean your dishes?
    0:50:32 But like most restaurants, some percentage of the fruit and produce that you use is imported
    0:50:33 from Mexico.
    0:50:40 So here you are investing locally, creating American jobs, and you are not having your
    0:50:42 taxes cut and your regulations cut.
    0:50:47 You just had a large tax put on one of your main inputs, which is food.
    0:50:50 What if I happen to just like, you know, be in the kind of waiting room place?
    0:50:54 And I don’t know why I opened up Wine Spectator, because I don’t actually like wine.
    0:51:01 But it had an alarmed editorial in Wine Spectator about how American wineries, their biggest
    0:51:03 export market is Canada.
    0:51:06 And so here are these wineries.
    0:51:07 They are growing their grapes in America.
    0:51:11 They employ people in America to pick their grapes and make their wine and bottle their
    0:51:12 wine and et cetera.
    0:51:17 But because they want to sell to Canadians and Donald Trump is starting a trade war with
    0:51:20 Canada, they are getting a big price and being made less competitive.
    0:51:21 What if you’re a machine?
    0:51:29 What if you’re a—you make advanced machinery and a bunch of the input materials and intermediate
    0:51:34 materials you need are sourced in from Europe or from Japan, but you do the assembly of making
    0:51:36 this highly value-added product here?
    0:51:37 Like, are they helping you out?
    0:51:38 No, they’re not.
    0:51:42 Because one—like, at the core of their politics is suspicion of the rest of the world.
    0:51:44 It is suspicion of immigrants.
    0:51:46 It is suspicion of other nations.
    0:51:50 It is suspicion that trade can ever be positive sum.
    0:51:53 That cooperation is something we should actually do.
    0:51:57 That you are made stronger by having beneficial interactions with each other.
    0:52:01 In the way that Derek said a minute ago that a lot with Donald Trump comes down to personality,
    0:52:05 there are people like J.D. Vance around him trying to theory wash his intuitions.
    0:52:10 But what Trump fundamentally doesn’t understand is as much interpersonal as it is economic.
    0:52:13 He’s not a person who believes in cooperation.
    0:52:14 He’s a person who believes in dominance.
    0:52:18 And he wants to run everything that way, too.
    0:52:21 And so he wants to dominate these other countries and close our border.
    0:52:29 Because at the absolute guttural level, he thinks you’re either winning or losing in every single interaction.
    0:52:33 And that is not the way the economy works.
    0:52:37 This is not the year 1210 A.D.
    0:52:39 Like, this is 2025.
    0:52:42 We have a complex global economy.
    0:52:50 And we are on the forefront of it, racing ahead of Europe in productivity, watching China fall behind where we thought they would be five years ago.
    0:52:58 Because we’ve been – we’ve had plenty of failures along the way and plenty of people we didn’t help out and plenty of things we didn’t protect or invest enough in.
    0:53:12 But their tariffs, their immigration policy, and their whole general attitude and mental architecture that informs what they do doesn’t actually make sense even when they try to explain it.
    0:53:15 Which is why I was doing a podcast on tariffs the other day.
    0:53:16 It was the day after Donald Trump’s big speech.
    0:53:24 During the podcast, they kept exempting things from their tariff policy while I was trying to explain their tariff policy.
    0:53:29 Trump was at the speech the night before saying he had talked to the heads of the big three automakers, and they were all thrilled.
    0:53:34 And I’m literally talking about this in the podcast, and my producer’s like, oh, they just exempted auto goods.
    0:53:42 And then later in the show, I’m talking about, wasn’t it Trump who did the USMCA trade deal, the US-Mexico-Canada trade deal in his first term, said it was an amazing trade deal?
    0:53:45 Now, the first thing he’s doing is tariffs on Canada and Mexico.
    0:53:47 Like, what happened to his great trade deal?
    0:53:50 A couple hours later, they’re at least delaying tariffs on USMCA goods.
    0:53:53 They haven’t thought about this.
    0:53:55 They haven’t thought about the knock-on effects.
    0:53:57 They don’t have a model of the economy that makes sense.
    0:54:03 Stephen Moran, the head of the CEA, his paper, which people are looking at as a holy grail of what all this actually means.
    0:54:08 He talks about a narrow path in this dense 41-page paper about how maybe all this goes perfectly.
    0:54:14 And his whole theory is that you work with other countries in a way that they don’t put retaliatory tariffs back on you.
    0:54:18 If they do put retaliatory tariffs back on you, then his whole theory collapses.
    0:54:19 It’s already happening.
    0:54:20 We’re already off the narrow path.
    0:54:22 They have not thought about this shit.
    0:54:24 They’re just breaking things.
    0:54:28 We’ll be right back.
    0:55:08 Today Explained, Sean Ramos from here with Nadira Goff, staff writer at Slate.
    0:55:10 Nadira, Disney’s got a new movie coming out this week.
    0:55:12 Is everyone enchanted?
    0:55:13 No.
    0:55:20 I think that there is a lot of confusion and a lot of controversy around Snow White.
    0:55:22 Magic mirror on the wall.
    0:55:25 Who is the fairest of them all?
    0:55:29 But yeah, it’s safe to say that not everyone is enchanted.
    0:55:31 This was my father’s kingdom.
    0:55:33 A place of fairness.
    0:55:37 But the queen changed everything.
    0:55:42 Now I have to ask, as a student of the Brothers Grimm, how many controversies are there?
    0:55:44 Well, you’re in luck.
    0:55:49 You’re so lucky today is your lucky day because there happens to be about seven.
    0:55:50 Oh my goodness.
    0:55:54 It’s a human.
    0:55:55 What did you think I was?
    0:55:55 Nothing.
    0:55:56 Ghost.
    0:56:00 Snow White and the seven controversies on Today Explained.
    0:56:01 Come have some fun with us.
    0:56:02 You deserve it.
    0:56:10 So we want to introduce you to another show from our network and your next favorite money podcast for ours, of course.
    0:56:16 Net Worth and Chill host Vivian Tu is a former Wall Street trader turned finance expert and entrepreneur.
    0:56:21 She shares common financial struggles and gives actionable tips and advice on how to make the most of your money.
    0:56:28 Past guests include Nicole Yoder, a leading fertility doctor who breaks down the complex world of reproductive medicine and the financial costs of those treatments.
    0:56:34 And divorce attorney Jackie Combs, who talks about love and divorce and why everyone should have a prenup.
    0:56:37 Episodes of Net Worth and Chill are released every Wednesday.
    0:56:41 Listen wherever you get your podcasts or watch full episodes on YouTube.
    0:56:42 By the way, I absolutely love Vivian Tu.
    0:56:44 I think she does a great job.
    0:56:55 We’re back with more from Ezra Klein and Derek Thompson.
    0:56:58 While I have you, you’re both great communicators.
    0:56:59 You’re both strategists.
    0:57:00 You understand positioning.
    0:57:01 You understand messaging.
    0:57:03 What thoughts do you have?
    0:57:06 So as a progressive, I found that I was sort of flat-footed and just overwhelmed.
    0:57:17 Just sort of, they’re flooding the zone with things that are meant to, I think, distract us, enrage us, male versus female, gulf of cheaper eggs, DEI causing helicopter crashes.
    0:57:24 Because I don’t think they want us focused on the fact that they’re about to increase the deficit by $800 billion a year to give guys like me a tax cut.
    0:57:27 That we’re surrendering to a murderous autocrat.
    0:57:33 I think they’re saying, look over here because they don’t want to focus on the important things that are just sort of indefensible.
    0:57:38 I’m curious what advice, and this has probably already happened, and Derek, I’ll let you go first.
    0:57:43 Democratic Party calls and says, okay, we really got to figure out our messaging and our strategy here.
    0:57:52 And assuming that people understand that some of these policies are probably just economically ruinous, I don’t even think it’s the tariffs are the most damaging thing.
    0:57:54 I think it’s our inconsistency.
    0:57:57 You want to see what he’s going to do around tariffs or economic policy.
    0:57:58 Look at who I had lunch with last.
    0:58:08 And you can’t have a consistent – when no country knows who they’re waking up next to, they’re remiss to do anything with you.
    0:58:10 It’s like, well, he could call this off tomorrow.
    0:58:14 That’s just no way to operate an economy, much less a country.
    0:58:25 What advice would you have for Democrats and the DNC who say are of like mind and think, yeah, we need to take – reusurp government and constitutional authority.
    0:58:26 This economic plan is disastrous.
    0:58:35 What strategy – you’re in the war room with James Carvell right now advising 2026 congressional candidates and then 2028.
    0:58:38 What strategies do you think we need to deploy, Derek?
    0:58:40 I think we lost two games in 2024.
    0:58:44 I think we lost a substantive game with affordability.
    0:58:46 And I think we lost an attention game.
    0:58:49 This is definitely something that Ezra can speak to.
    0:58:54 I would tell Democrats, remember why we lost the 2024 election.
    0:58:59 It was because a plurality of Americans said that they couldn’t afford the life that they wanted.
    0:59:01 They couldn’t afford the good life.
    0:59:08 And Democrats should be absolutely laser-focused on how to provide the good life for Americans.
    0:59:13 And that means pointing out all of the lurid ways that Donald Trump is getting in the way.
    0:59:21 I mean, raising tariffs while trying to build a manufacturing base is one of the craziest things I’ve ever heard.
    0:59:30 I mean, the worst thing you can possibly do when you’re building a manufacturing base in any country is to make it impossible for domestic manufacturers to sell overseas.
    0:59:41 The first thing you want to do if building an industrial base – this is what South Korea did, it’s what Taiwan did – is find a way to make it easier for your domestic companies to sell overseas.
    0:59:47 Not to get every overseas buyer to hate you so much that they retaliate their tariffs up to 50%.
    0:59:50 So the first thing that I would say is remember why we lost.
    0:59:52 We lost because of affordability.
    0:59:54 How do we focus on affordability?
    0:59:57 How do we give people a set of new answers on affordability?
    0:59:59 And frankly, I think our book does that.
    1:00:03 It does that by shifting attention toward how do we solve these problems with supply.
    1:00:09 And especially how do we solve the mother of all affordability problems, which is housing with supply.
    1:00:16 In many cases, the good news here is that Donald Trump, for all of his authoritarian power, does not control housing policy in San Francisco.
    1:00:19 He does not control housing policy in Boston.
    1:00:21 He does not control housing policy in Los Angeles.
    1:00:28 It is those cities run by those citizens and the people that they elect who control housing policy there,
    1:00:32 which means that they have the ability to answer problems no matter what Donald Trump does.
    1:00:34 Focus on affordability.
    1:00:39 The second big mistake that I think the Democrats made in 2024 and in the previous few years,
    1:00:45 is I think that we’ve become afraid of talking to people who disagree with us.
    1:00:50 There’s been a kind of purity culture that has come up on the left.
    1:00:52 And sometimes you could argue it came up for good reason.
    1:00:59 Democrats were fighting for causes that they found incredibly worthy and they didn’t want those causes contaminated by voices that they disagreed with.
    1:01:12 But as a result, I think it’s created an insular character on the left that doesn’t feel like it is extending an arm for people in the center who agree with some of what we support, but not everything that we support.
    1:01:18 So I want to, from a substantive standpoint, absolutely focus like a laser on the issue of affordability.
    1:01:24 Not only because it’s the number one reason why we just lost, but because I think it’s going to be the number one cause of the 2020s.
    1:01:32 And then number two, I want us to have a different attitude toward reaching out to people who might disagree with us about things that even we find incredibly important.
    1:01:42 I want us to be less embarrassed and less shy about talking to the center because ultimately it’s not just about building a coalition that’s 48% plus one.
    1:02:00 Ultimately, what we want, I think, is to redefine what the Cambridge historian Gary Gerstle calls a political order, a set of political and economic rules that doesn’t just win two and four year elections, but actually can last for decades the same way that the New Deal order lasted for decades.
    1:02:06 And to do that, you have to reach way beyond the 48% that’s automatically going to vote for you in every quadrennial election.
    1:02:09 You have to reach out to the 55% and the 60%.
    1:02:13 And that requires not just a different kind of substantive focus.
    1:02:15 I think it requires a different theory of how to communicate.
    1:02:17 I think that’s pretty damn good.
    1:02:20 I’ll add very little to it.
    1:02:21 Two things.
    1:02:26 One is that you have to take seriously that people don’t like you.
    1:02:29 You have to take seriously that the Democratic Party brand is trash.
    1:02:30 I mean, just look at it in the polling.
    1:02:33 It’s less popular than Donald Trump himself.
    1:02:36 And Donald Trump is not a popular person or candidate.
    1:02:42 So one thing you’re going to have to do is deal with the fact that you’ve lost people’s faith.
    1:02:47 And the only way to gain it back is to show in some way or another that you’ve changed, in some way or another that you’ve rethought something.
    1:03:05 And that gets to the second, which is that the Democratic Party has become, over time, too internally coalitional, too afraid of giving offense, too afraid of disappointing any members of its coalition, its interest groups.
    1:03:10 Donald Trump, if he’s proven anything, it’s that you can reshape what a party is about.
    1:03:12 Now, he’s done it autocratically.
    1:03:28 But over time, Donald Trump has substantially changed what the Republican Party is on trade, on immigration, on Russia, on Ukraine, on national security, on whether it is important for your leaders to lead a decent Christian life.
    1:03:42 Or whether you want, like, the god of the pagans, Elon Musk, with his, as somebody put it, 13-ish children, to be your standard bearer, alongside Donald Trump with his, you know, three marriages, et cetera, and endless sexual harassment cases, lawsuits, reports.
    1:03:45 So you can change what you are.
    1:03:56 When what you are currently, in the case of the Democratic Party, is a party that says it’s of the working class and is losing working class voters, whether now defined by income or education, then you have to change, right?
    1:03:57 Or you are not the thing you think you are.
    1:04:00 And I think Democrats need to change.
    1:04:09 And that means, in public, saying how the next generation of them is going to be different, and what they have rethought, and what they are not going to do the same next time as this time.
    1:04:11 You are going to need resistance.
    1:04:16 If I was in the room with James Carville, I could not disagree with more of the James, who I have tremendous respect for.
    1:04:24 The Democrats should, as he put it in The Times, play dead and wait for the Trump administration to collapse of its own weight.
    1:04:25 I don’t think that works.
    1:04:26 I don’t think it’s leadership.
    1:04:31 But they do need, in addition to being a resistance, to be an alternative.
    1:04:34 And they need to admit the places where they failed as an alternative.
    1:04:40 And then the next standard bearer, the people competing to be the next standard bearer, need to show how they’ll be different.
    1:04:59 Like, that shows that if you vote for us at this time, you’re getting something that you’re going to like better, or at least it’s going to be different than what you got last time.
    1:05:02 There is attentional energy and controversy.
    1:05:04 Democrats have been too afraid of it.
    1:05:06 I want to propose a thesis.
    1:05:07 I have two questions, and I’ll let you guys go.
    1:05:08 I’ve been generous with your time.
    1:05:14 I think that we oftentimes get focused on, we study to the wrong test.
    1:05:17 And I’m trying to think, what is the goal?
    1:05:18 What is the mission?
    1:05:20 AI, GDP, productivity.
    1:05:22 I think it’s all it means to the ends.
    1:05:28 But the ends are creating an operating system, a platform, an economy that enables people to have deep and meaningful relationships.
    1:05:32 And the three of us, I believe, all have partners and are raising children.
    1:05:40 And much to my surprise, I have found that that has given me purpose and a sense of being and a sense of satisfaction that I didn’t anticipate.
    1:05:41 I wasn’t planning to have children.
    1:05:51 For me, the unifying theory of everything, it should be we reverse engineer all of our public policy and economic decisions to one thing.
    1:06:06 And that is people, 18 to 40, should have the opportunities to meet each other, mandatory national service, more freshman classes, more third places, quite frankly, more alcohol, such that they can tax remote works.
    1:06:20 One in three relationships begin at work, such that we have more people, quite frankly, having more sex, falling in love, and then have the economic wherewithal to have children.
    1:06:33 Universal child tax credit, pre-K, minimum wage of $25 an hour, quite frankly, just stuff more money in their pockets, such that we go back to where we were 40 years ago, where 60% of 30-year-olds have a kid versus 27% now.
    1:06:35 I don’t think it’s because people don’t like kids.
    1:06:36 I think it’s because they can’t afford them.
    1:06:48 But the unifying theory of everything is that any able-bodied American should at least have a reasonable chance that they will have the opportunity to meet somebody and the economic viability to have a family.
    1:06:59 And that everything should be reverse-engineered towards that opportunity for young people, that that’s the unifying theory of everything and should drive all of our economic and social policies.
    1:07:00 Your thoughts?
    1:07:15 I wrote a cover story for The Atlantic called The Anti-Social Century, where I said that maybe the most important social problem facing this country is that Americans spend a record amount of time alone and a record low amount of time in physical face-to-face contact.
    1:07:22 And as I’ve continued to report out this story, one of the more interesting parts of it actually relates incredibly deeply to housing.
    1:07:37 If you take a look at sort of the life cycle of American aloneness, teens have fewer friends, teens hang out with their friends less, 20-somethings date less, and then 30-somethings are less likely to get married, 40-somethings less likely now to have children.
    1:07:47 There’s a kind of life cycle effect of this drawing back from interpersonal relationships, which, Scott, I’m hearing you say is absolutely core to your vision of the good life.
    1:08:00 I personally don’t think that it is a political agenda’s job to define and inscribe the good life explicitly into people’s lives.
    1:08:09 I think it’s the job of a political agenda to build a platform, a stage, upon which people can make free choices that make them happy.
    1:08:17 And the most important part of that platform and stage that I think many young people today are missing is affordable housing.
    1:08:26 If you look at the share of young people who still live with their parents in their 20s and even early 30s, it’s higher than it’s ever been outside of a recession.
    1:08:35 It’s very, very hard to go on a successful date and get married when you’re still living with your parents in your 20s and 30s.
    1:08:44 And the reason that people are living with their parents in their 20s and 30s is not because they don’t have the courage that people in the 1980s have or don’t have the gumption that people in the 1990s have.
    1:08:51 It’s they don’t have the money that they need often to afford a place of their own in the cities where they want to live.
    1:09:01 And a part of abundance, I think that every great political movement has in America been a kind of redefinition of freedom.
    1:09:02 Right.
    1:09:07 The New Deal order was about defining the four freedoms of speech and belief from want, from fear.
    1:09:20 And in the 1980s, Ronald Reagan created a new political order in this country that some call neoliberalism, which redefined freedom, not freedom of, but freedom from freedom from government.
    1:09:24 In a way, I think abundance is another redefinition of freedom.
    1:09:36 And at the heart of that freedom is the freedom to live where you want to live, because we have a rational housing market in this country that makes it affordable to have a place of your own in the place you want to live.
    1:09:57 And I think if we had that, I think if we had a reasonable supply focused housing policy in this country, you would have more young people not living with their parents, living alone, starting what some call adulthood a little bit earlier, having the confidence that their money goes further so they can afford better dates with whoever they want to date.
    1:10:05 And therefore becoming more likely to get married, to get married and have kids, because as we know, fertility rates tend to very commonly track coupling rates.
    1:10:09 If you want a country with more kids, you need to make it easier for young people to couple.
    1:10:14 I think absolutely core to that is making it easier for people to live where they want to live.
    1:10:16 And that fundamentally is a housing story.
    1:10:23 So the answer to your question is that it leads, as so many things lead in our book and in American Life Today, it leads to housing.
    1:10:27 I’d like to do a whole podcast with the two of you on this.
    1:10:30 I definitely agree with Derek that the answer to your question is that people should buy our book.
    1:10:31 Like, that is clear.
    1:10:37 I think beyond that, I’m probably more pessimistic than both of you are.
    1:10:39 So I’m a left natalist.
    1:10:43 The lead up here that you offered is mine, too.
    1:10:44 I think that family is important.
    1:10:46 I think children are important.
    1:10:48 I am worried about falling fertility rates.
    1:10:53 And I’m worried about them because of what it means about human flourishing, not just what it means about societies replacing themselves.
    1:10:55 I’ve done a bunch of podcasts on this.
    1:10:56 I’ve done a bunch of reporting on this.
    1:11:01 I really recommend the new Gideon Lewis Krauss piece on South Korea in The New Yorker from a couple weeks ago.
    1:11:08 But look, you can have the most, from the liberal perspective, pro-natal policy you can possibly imagine, right?
    1:11:09 That’s Sweden, Denmark.
    1:11:11 Their fertility rate has collapsed, too.
    1:11:20 All their great parental leave and paid family leave and, you know, universal pre-K and, you know, egalitarian tax system.
    1:11:21 It didn’t do it.
    1:11:22 They’re down at 1.1.
    1:11:35 I don’t know that we know, at least outside of policy interventions of a scale that nobody really wants to think about, what we could do that would dramatically change that.
    1:11:43 I think it’s much, it’s cultural, it’s also technological in terms of, you know, birth control and fertility windows and all the rest of it.
    1:11:45 I’m not sure we know how to do it.
    1:11:48 I do agree, though, that we could make the whole thing a hell of a lot easier.
    1:11:53 I do agree that housing is a big part of that and economics are a big part of that.
    1:11:56 And also, I agree that culture is a big part of that.
    1:12:16 And I think it matters that, I think you see in J.D. Vance with his scolding of childless cat ladies, I sort of have this thing that comes from something the sort of conservative British feminist Louise Perry said in a Barry Weiss interview, where she has this point that the difference between Andrew Tate and Jordan Peterson is that Tate is a pagan and Peterson is a Christian, which I thought was interesting.
    1:12:24 And it made me think about how you could cut the Trump administration the same way, like Elon Musk is a pagan, J.D. Vance is a Christian, that kind of thing.
    1:12:29 But J.D. Vance’s scolding of people was an effort to change culture, right?
    1:12:32 I think that’s why he was doing it and also because he’s become very resentful.
    1:12:38 I think the left has given up on having even any way to talk about what family structures it believes in.
    1:12:42 I don’t think you’re going to be able to go back to the 50s the way some of these people think you will.
    1:12:44 That includes people like Perry.
    1:12:47 I think you have to imagine things that are new thing.
    1:12:50 I think that housing actually be a part of it, but also in terms of experimenting more.
    1:12:53 Like I know a lot of people want to raise kids in co-living situations.
    1:13:00 It’s extremely hard to figure out how you can co-locate with your six best friends, you know, who are coupled and all raise your kids together.
    1:13:01 I don’t think it should be that hard.
    1:13:03 I think we should make that a lot easier to experiment with.
    1:13:12 Like the thing where we’re raising all these kids in two working parent families or often one single parent family, that’s a huge experiment in human history.
    1:13:14 That is not how we did it.
    1:13:19 So making things that are a little bit more clan-based, a little bit more communal possible again.
    1:13:23 But you can’t do it if 70 percent of the housing land in this country is owned for single family.
    1:13:26 So I think you don’t just need to make new things possible.
    1:13:29 I think you need to make experimentation possible.
    1:13:35 And I think culturally, I do think the left needs to figure out how to not just be so individualistic about this.
    1:13:44 I hear so many people talk about, and they ask me about in my AMAs and stuff, having kids, like it’s, you know, just a cost-benefit analysis like taking a trip to Costa Rica.
    1:13:47 I think there’s something more valuable about that.
    1:13:48 And it’s not just about your life.
    1:13:55 It is also about the degree to which we should cherish the existence and the gift of existence others get to have, right?
    1:13:58 The question of me having kids is not are my weekends better or worse.
    1:14:02 Their experience of the weekend is important, in many ways more important than mine.
    1:14:20 And so I do think there’s cultural dimensions to this, too, that are not easily amenable to policy, but do require a kind of set of discussions and a sense of what is the good life, particularly in a fairly secular age, that, you know, liberals are pretty uncomfortable having.
    1:14:26 I’m not sure abundance of the book solves all of that, but it definitely solves enough of it that you should go check it out.
    1:14:31 Ezra Klein is a New York Times columnist and the host of The Ezra Klein Show podcast.
    1:14:35 Previously, he was the founder, editor-in-chief, and then editor-at-large of Vox.
    1:14:40 Derek Thompson is a staff writer at The Atlantic and the author of the Work in Progress newsletter.
    1:14:47 He’s also the author of the books Hitmakers and On Work, Money Meaning Identity, and the host of the podcast, Plain English.
    1:14:49 Their new book, Abundance, is out now.
    1:14:50 I said this off mic.
    1:14:52 I just admire you guys so much.
    1:14:53 I think you’re fearless.
    1:14:54 I think you’re great storytellers.
    1:14:56 Just keep on keeping on, gentlemen.
    1:14:56 Well done.
    1:14:58 Thank you, man.
    1:14:58 I appreciate it.
    1:14:59 Scott, thanks so much.
    1:15:17 Algebra of happiness.
    1:15:25 A lot of young people, more young people than ever as a proportion of the population are struggling with anxiety.
    1:15:32 And I did a podcast yesterday with Anthony Scaramucci and Dan Harris from 10% Happier.
    1:15:42 And Dan has really been, you know, the term is brave, but very useful in helping other people discuss and address their anxiety.
    1:15:43 He struggles with panic attacks.
    1:15:50 And he talks a lot about different cognitive behavioral therapy to help them manage through that anxiety.
    1:15:55 And he has this statement that I just love, and that is, action absorbs anxiety.
    1:15:58 And I’m going to share a story that is not a Hallmark story, but I think it’s relevant.
    1:16:00 I coach young men.
    1:16:08 And one young man in junior college, about early 20s, we’re just sort of talking.
    1:16:09 And I could kind of tell what’s on his mind.
    1:16:10 I’m like, what’s on your mind?
    1:16:10 I said, everything’s fine.
    1:16:11 He’s like, yeah.
    1:16:13 He’s like, I’m a little bit freaked out right now.
    1:16:14 And I said, what’s up?
    1:16:16 And he said, I’ve been having trouble peeing.
    1:16:17 I’m like, what do you mean by that?
    1:16:18 I have trouble peeing.
    1:16:20 But it’s because I have a huge prostate.
    1:16:23 He goes, no, it’s been feeling funny and weird down there.
    1:16:26 And I’m worried I have an STD.
    1:16:28 And I said, well, have you had unprotected sex recently?
    1:16:30 And he said, yes, I have.
    1:16:36 And I said, look, I know exactly how to do this.
    1:16:38 I know exactly what you need to do right now.
    1:16:45 Right now, you need to go to urgent care, or there are all sorts of STD clinics in your
    1:16:48 city, lives in a city, and you need to get tested right away.
    1:16:52 And on the way to the doctor, you’re going to start to feel better, because you’re taking
    1:16:53 action.
    1:16:57 And fortunately, we live in a society right now where the vast majority, if not all of
    1:17:00 STDs, can even can be handled or addressed.
    1:17:06 And as soon as you start taking action against this problem or this issue, you’re going to
    1:17:06 feel better.
    1:17:08 Action absorbs anxiety.
    1:17:14 And at the end of life, you’re not going to regret what happened to you.
    1:17:17 You’re going to regret being so stressed out about it.
    1:17:22 That is, if you’re worried about anything with your health, you immediately go to the
    1:17:23 fucking doctor.
    1:17:27 And maybe that’s a point of privilege for me, because I have the money.
    1:17:33 But if you have resources, if you’re insured, if you can go to urgent care, you want to address
    1:17:34 this situation.
    1:17:36 Whenever your health is bothering you, immediately.
    1:17:39 The moment you make the appointment, you start feeling better.
    1:17:40 I am addressing it.
    1:17:43 Action absorbs anxiety.
    1:17:45 You want to move against this.
    1:17:46 This is really upsetting me.
    1:17:46 This is bothering me.
    1:17:48 How am I going to solve it?
    1:17:49 Fuck, I can’t get an internship.
    1:17:51 I can’t get a job.
    1:17:52 Well, okay.
    1:17:54 What do you need to do to get a job?
    1:17:55 You need to send out resumes.
    1:17:57 You need to put together a resume.
    1:18:02 When you start putting together your resume, that action starts absorbing your anxiety.
    1:18:03 It’s very simple.
    1:18:04 Get out of your head.
    1:18:05 Get out of your head.
    1:18:09 At the end of your life, you’re not going to be upset about an STD scare, not being able
    1:18:12 to get a job or a health scare.
    1:18:16 The thing you’re going to be worried about or the thing you’re going to regret is how
    1:18:17 anxious you were about it.
    1:18:18 And here’s what you do.
    1:18:20 You move to action.
    1:18:22 Action absorbs anxiety.
    1:18:28 This episode was produced by Jennifer Sanchez.
    1:18:29 Our intern is Dan Shallon.
    1:18:31 Drew Burrows is our technical director.
    1:18:34 Thank you for listening to the Prop G Pod from the Box Media Podcast Network.
    1:18:39 We will catch you on Saturday for No Mercy, No Malice, as read by George Hahn.
    1:18:45 And please follow our Prop G Markets pod wherever you get your pods for new episodes every Monday
    1:18:46 and Thursday.
    1:18:57 I’m sorry, the tea’s just better here.
    1:18:58 The tea’s just better.
    1:19:01 It’s like porn for me is better after an edible.
    1:19:02 The tea’s just better.
    1:19:03 Wrong analogy.
    1:19:04 Wrong analogy.
    1:19:35 Thank you.

    This episode features a conversation with Ezra Klein, New York Times columnist and host of The Ezra Klein Show, and Derek Thompson, Atlantic staff writer, author, and host of the Plain English podcast. 

    Scott discusses with Ezra and Derek their new book, “Abundance,” which is all about how America learned to fail at abundance — and how the left can fix it by embracing growth, progress, and the messy trade-offs of governing. 

    Follow Ezra, @ezraklein.

    Follow Derek, @DKThomp.

    Scott opens with his thoughts on the pros and cons of living in the UK. 

    Algebra of Happiness: action absorbs anxiety. 

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  • Menopause Expert: Belly Fat Grows During Menopause! Your Estrogen Levels Are Controlling You & This Hormone Is Quietly Killing Your Sex Life!

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    0:00:06 Three to 75% of women do not get the treatment for perimenopause and menopause that they deserve.
    0:00:09 And women are asking, why is it that I can’t manage stress the way I once did?
    0:00:12 Why do I have this belly fat that appeared out of nowhere?
    0:00:14 And my usual techniques for how to deal with that aren’t working.
    0:00:18 Why would I rather mop the floor than have sex with my husband?
    0:00:21 But there’s more than 100 plus symptoms that women aren’t aware of.
    0:00:25 But you believe many of the symptoms of menopause are avoidable?
    0:00:27 Yes. And let’s get into that.
    0:00:30 Dr. Sarah Sal is the Harvard-trained physician and hormone expert
    0:00:35 who’s unlocking the science and simple tricks behind feeling your best, no matter your age.
    0:00:38 Most people have imbalanced hormones.
    0:00:42 Think of them as text messages that your body sends to keep everything functioning optimally.
    0:00:45 But for example, out of the 40,000 people I’ve tested and treated,
    0:00:48 around 90% of them have a problem with their cortisol hormones.
    0:00:51 And if my body’s making too much cortisol, what is the harm?
    0:00:53 It’s associated with more belly fat.
    0:00:56 We know that it shrinks the brain in women, but not men.
    0:00:57 It’s associated with depression.
    0:01:02 But also, if you’re someone who’s making a lot of cortisol, you’re going to make less testosterone.
    0:01:05 And that leads to a whole host of serious problems.
    0:01:07 And what about trauma? Does that impact your hormones?
    0:01:08 Oh, yes.
    0:01:11 And one of the ways to measure trauma is the ACE test.
    0:01:13 It’s a validated questionnaire.
    0:01:16 And they found that people who had one or higher ACE scores
    0:01:19 had a greater risk of 45 different chronic diseases.
    0:01:21 And my score is 6 out of 10.
    0:01:24 But those ACEs are living on in your body.
    0:01:26 And you went on a journey to heal yourself?
    0:01:26 Yes.
    0:01:29 With lifestyle medicine, not a pharmaceutical.
    0:01:30 Tell me about that journey.
    0:01:38 I find it incredibly fascinating that when we look at the back end of Spotify and Apple
    0:01:43 and our audio channels, the majority of people that watch this podcast haven’t yet hit the
    0:01:45 follow button or the subscribe button, wherever you’re listening to this.
    0:01:47 I would like to make a deal with you.
    0:01:51 If you could do me a huge favour and hit that subscribe button, I will work tirelessly from
    0:01:54 now until forever to make the show better and better and better and better.
    0:01:57 I can’t tell you how much it helps when you hit that subscribe button.
    0:02:01 The show gets bigger, which means we can expand the production, bring in all the guests you want
    0:02:03 to see and continue to doing this thing we love.
    0:02:07 If you could do me that small favour and hit the follow button, wherever you’re listening
    0:02:08 to this, that would mean the world to me.
    0:02:10 That is the only favour I will ever ask you.
    0:02:11 Thank you so much for your time.
    0:02:19 Sarah Azal, what is it that you do for people?
    0:02:21 I’m a physician.
    0:02:24 So I work in academic medicine.
    0:02:26 I do research for people.
    0:02:29 I teach and I take care of patients.
    0:02:32 So that’s the official BBC answer.
    0:02:36 And the unofficial answer is I’m a healer.
    0:02:38 And what does that mean, a healer?
    0:02:39 Because that’s a broad term.
    0:02:40 So that could mean many things.
    0:02:45 It means that my task is that I’m a healer.
    0:02:53 It’s to connect to your innate healing capacity and to work with you to activate it.
    0:02:54 And who do you do that for?
    0:03:03 So I do it for professional athletes, executives, and everyday people.
    0:03:09 And when you say healing, if someone came to you and they said, how do you heal people?
    0:03:10 What would your answer be?
    0:03:13 My answer is I don’t heal people.
    0:03:20 That’s a, to me, that’s a patriarchal way of thinking about it.
    0:03:25 What I do is I work with someone who’s got the capacity to heal.
    0:03:29 And we work to be in the service of that.
    0:03:34 So it’s not me providing something that they don’t have already.
    0:03:39 It’s more understanding what some of the obstacles might be to their own healing.
    0:03:46 Understanding what would allow them to be the best version of themselves, to feel fully alive.
    0:03:49 And what was your training?
    0:03:52 So can you talk me through your sort of academic journey?
    0:03:53 Sure.
    0:03:56 So my training is as a bioengineer.
    0:04:04 I did the Harvard-MIT program, which is designed to train physician scientists.
    0:04:16 So the ethos of this particular program was to train the future researchers and academic physicians
    0:04:20 so that we could move the field forward.
    0:04:28 And all along, I was really interested in, how do you bring the best of conventional medicine
    0:04:32 together with more ancient ways of thinking about the body?
    0:04:39 Things like Ayurveda from India or traditional Chinese medicine.
    0:04:44 How do we take these wisdom traditions and use that to inform mainstream medicine?
    0:04:48 So that’s the type of care that I learned how to do.
    0:04:49 I became a surgeon.
    0:04:57 I did primary care after I finished a residency in obstetrics and gynecology, but I also realized
    0:04:59 pretty early on that I wanted to take care of men too.
    0:05:05 So I’ve done that for about the past 15 years.
    0:05:16 And I would say that that training in bioengineering and a comfort with big data and with optimizing data
    0:05:27 sets to improve whatever the goal is, like performance or having the best conversations you can have on a podcast, that’s what gets me excited.
    0:05:33 How many people do you think you’ve treated or seen or worked with directly in your career?
    0:05:36 Probably about 40,000.
    0:05:45 And if you had to try and summarize maybe the top three or five things that you’re doing for them, what would you say?
    0:05:48 Well, number one would be hormones.
    0:05:52 Hormones are the portal that most people start with me.
    0:05:58 It’s a way of thinking about what drives what drives what you’re interested in.
    0:06:02 Most people have imbalanced hormones.
    0:06:04 I haven’t detected that you do yet.
    0:06:13 But most people have an issue, say, with cortisol, either making too much of it or too little or even both within the same day.
    0:06:15 And it affects energy.
    0:06:17 It affects mitochondria.
    0:06:29 So I would say the number one thing I help people with is their hormones, getting their hormones back into balance, starting first with lifestyle medicine, not a pharmaceutical.
    0:06:36 So that includes breath work, which I think is one of the most underutilized tools that we have in health.
    0:06:42 Number two would be nutrition.
    0:06:54 But taken to the next level, not what you might think of that a nutritionist would advise you, but what specifically is the ideal food plan for you, for your goals?
    0:07:09 So whether you’re an entrepreneur and podcaster and investor, or you’re a professional basketball player, or you’re a woman in perimenopause at age 42, what’s the optimal nutrition for you?
    0:07:11 And we can measure that.
    0:07:22 And we can look at the interaction of your genetics together with what you’re eating to see how we could personalize that.
    0:07:29 Number three, I would say, is prevention.
    0:07:34 And prevention has been a hard thing to sell.
    0:07:41 It’s, you know, a lot of people just don’t want to invest in prevention.
    0:07:53 And yet, I take care of people who are in this continuum from a state of health, often to a state of pre-disease, like pre-diabetes, as an example.
    0:07:58 And if they don’t do something about it, they then move on to diabetes.
    0:08:03 So I like to intervene there as early as possible to reverse disease.
    0:08:05 And most of that is lifestyle.
    0:08:09 So those are the things that I tend to work with.
    0:08:15 I do a lot of metabolic health because it’s so critical for the energy that you feel each day.
    0:08:23 You have a very diverse experience as a doctor slash healer.
    0:08:28 It feels like you’ve really had a lot of sort of reference points in your career that you’ve drawn upon.
    0:08:35 And ultimately, you became the director of precision medicine at the Marcus Institute in Philadelphia?
    0:08:36 That’s correct.
    0:08:39 Precision medicine, that term.
    0:08:42 How does that differ from conventional medicine?
    0:08:45 It’s quite different.
    0:08:52 So conventional, mainstream, modern medicine, I believe, is broken.
    0:09:01 I feel like there are so many people who are failed by our current medical system, especially people with chronic disease, things like diabetes, autoimmune disease.
    0:09:16 So with mainstream medicine, generally what happens is that you develop a condition, say a high cholesterol, and you get treated with a pharmaceutical, say a statin.
    0:09:24 And what we know is that we have to treat about 100 to 200 people for one person to benefit.
    0:09:28 So that I would define as imprecision medicine.
    0:09:49 Whereas precision medicine is where we understand you as an individual, we look at your genomic blueprint, we look at your biomarkers, we look at your wearables data, to determine NF1 experiments where you serve as your own control and figure out what’s going to be the most effective for you, depending on what your goals are.
    0:09:54 NF1, you mean where that individual is the study, they are the experiment.
    0:09:54 That’s correct.
    0:09:56 You’re not looking at broad sample sizes.
    0:09:58 What is wrong with conventional medicine?
    0:10:00 You use the term that it’s broken.
    0:10:02 What is wrong about that approach?
    0:10:05 There’s a few things that are wrong.
    0:10:12 One is that it has become medicine for the average.
    0:10:22 And when you look at scientific evidence and you rank order it, what’s considered the highest form of evidence is the randomized trial.
    0:10:27 But the randomized trial is mostly around using a pharmaceutical.
    0:10:35 So, in the example I just gave, using a statin to help someone with their cholesterol, maybe help prevent a heart attack.
    0:10:37 The number one killer.
    0:10:46 The problem is, we then, based on randomized trials, come up with medicine for the average.
    0:10:55 And it’s not about optimal health.
    0:10:58 It’s centered around, okay, heart disease is number one killer.
    0:11:00 How do we help people prevent it?
    0:11:03 Oh, lifestyle medicine prevents 70% of it?
    0:11:06 Well, we’re not going to do that because we can’t make money off of it.
    0:11:07 There’s no profit motive.
    0:11:10 So, we’re going to focus instead on these pharmaceuticals.
    0:11:11 Oh, GLP-1s.
    0:11:13 That sounds like a good idea.
    0:11:17 Let’s try that and solve problems with GLP-1s.
    0:11:22 So, to me, there’s many layers to why the healthcare system is broken.
    0:11:31 But one key area is that 70% of the diseases we’re facing right now are utterly preventable with lifestyle medicine.
    0:11:32 70%.
    0:11:39 You used the word hormone balance earlier on, and you said that that’s the portal in which people often find you.
    0:11:46 I really don’t know much about hormones, and it’s not necessarily something that the average person thinks that they can do much about, I think.
    0:11:49 Because it’s not easy to measure our hormones, is it?
    0:11:51 Well, you can measure it in the blood.
    0:12:05 So, it’s not that hard to measure hormones, but I think there’s a way that in mainstream medicine we’re taught to tell people that their hormones vary too much, and so it’s not worth measuring.
    0:12:07 Yeah, that’s what I’ve heard before.
    0:12:18 It’s what you’ve heard, but then if you’re a woman who’s 34 and you’re trying to get pregnant and you’re having trouble, in that situation, we’ll measure every single hormone.
    0:12:26 We’ll look at thyroid, cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, the control hormones, like follicle-stimulating hormone.
    0:12:33 And yet, somehow in that situation, testing is more reliable, but it’s not in this other situation.
    0:12:35 That doesn’t make sense.
    0:12:36 That’s double standard.
    0:12:37 Why did you choose this career?
    0:12:43 What is it about you, your childhood, your life that sent you down this road?
    0:12:48 I would say it was growing up with a fair amount of trauma.
    0:12:55 And, you know, what I’ve learned about trauma is it’s less about what actually happened to you.
    0:12:59 It’s the way that it became embedded in the system of your body.
    0:13:02 So, for me, my parents got divorced when I was really young.
    0:13:05 I grew up in a way that I became a helper.
    0:13:20 And I realized that by being someone who was really looking out for others and tuning into their energy and helping them achieve their goals, that kept me really safe.
    0:13:26 And so, there’s a way that that, it was very resonant for me to discover medicine.
    0:13:41 And one of the things we know about people who go into medicine is that people tend to have a fair amount of trauma that leads to becoming a helper in this way.
    0:13:42 What was that trauma?
    0:13:47 So, there’s a lot of different ways to measure trauma.
    0:13:51 One of the ways that I find helpful is something called the Adverse Childhood Experiences.
    0:13:54 So, ACE for short.
    0:13:55 I think I’ve got it here.
    0:13:56 Oh, do you?
    0:13:58 It’s a questionnaire.
    0:14:00 So, my score is 6 out of 10.
    0:14:04 So, childhood divorce, my parents got divorced when I was about a year old.
    0:14:06 That’s one out of the six.
    0:14:15 Other things are abuse, neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, having a parent with a substance use disorder.
    0:14:27 So, things that, you know, it’s not a complete list, but it’s a validated questionnaire that was used in the 1990s and found among people who are middle-aged.
    0:14:40 You’re not quite yet middle-aged, but for people who are middle-aged, 40 to 65, they found that people who had higher ACE scores, one or higher, they then had a greater risk of 45 different chronic diseases.
    0:14:48 How important is it for us to understand our early upbringing and our trauma if we are to heal as adults?
    0:14:59 Because you said there that if you score high on this ACE score, this trauma score, this childhood trauma system sort of questionnaire, then as an adult, you’re more likely to get a variety of different diseases.
    0:15:06 So, do we need to heal our bodies in some way to avoid getting some of those diseases?
    0:15:06 Yes.
    0:15:09 And that’s the critical question.
    0:15:19 So, if you know that you have an elevated ACE score, and there’s a lot of people who have a score of zero, about 40% of men, about 30% of women.
    0:15:34 And what we know is that if you’ve got this greater risk for 45 different chronic conditions, there’s a way that those ACEs are living on in your body unless you’re addressing them.
    0:15:39 And it’s the living on in your body that we want to pay attention to.
    0:15:42 So, for some people, it’s their immune system.
    0:15:58 And it leads to more allergies, more histamine overload, more food intolerances, maybe autoimmunity, where their immune system is attacking their own tissues, maybe autoimmune disease.
    0:16:10 There are other people who have more nervous system dysregulation, maybe they’ve got anxiety or depression or post-traumatic stress disorder, mental health issues.
    0:16:13 And for other people, it could be more endocrine.
    0:16:16 They’ve got chronic cortisol problems.
    0:16:17 Which is hormones.
    0:16:18 Yes.
    0:16:21 How did that manifest in your physical health?
    0:16:26 So, I didn’t start to detect this until my 30s.
    0:16:34 But what I found was that I had depression.
    0:16:38 I had premenstrual syndrome.
    0:16:43 I had my first baby when I was 32, and I couldn’t lose the baby weight.
    0:16:50 And as all of this was happening, and I’m a physician, I went to my doctor for help.
    0:16:57 And he suggested that I go on Prozac for the depression and the mood issues.
    0:16:58 Which is an antidepressant pill.
    0:17:00 A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
    0:17:04 That I go on the birth control pill because I sounded hormonal.
    0:17:07 And that I start exercising more and eating less.
    0:17:09 So, that was his treatment.
    0:17:12 And that’s typical mainstream medicine treatment.
    0:17:14 But I wasn’t satisfied with that.
    0:17:17 I felt like, that doesn’t seem right.
    0:17:20 And I left his office and went to the lab.
    0:17:22 Ordered my own hormone panel.
    0:17:26 And found that my cortisol was three times what it should have been.
    0:17:29 So, there’s the optimal range for cortisol.
    0:17:32 In the blood, it’s about 10 to 15 in the morning.
    0:17:33 6 to 10 in the afternoon.
    0:17:35 And mine was 30.
    0:17:42 I also looked at my fasting glucose and insulin.
    0:17:45 And I had pre-diabetes in my 30s.
    0:17:46 I had no idea.
    0:17:48 No one was checking for this.
    0:17:53 So, I’m answering your question about how these ACEs showed up in my body.
    0:18:01 We know that adverse childhood experiences linked to blood sugar problems and a greater risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes, which I had.
    0:18:11 We know that they linked to chronic stress and cortisol problems, high perceived stress, whether the stress is there or not.
    0:18:21 It also led to, as I started using wearables, low heart rate variability, the time between each of my heartbeats.
    0:18:30 And that’s a measure of the sympathetic nervous system, fight, flight, freeze, fawn, versus the parasympathetic nervous system, which is where healing occurs.
    0:18:33 And you went on a journey to heal yourself.
    0:18:34 Yes.
    0:18:35 Tell me about that journey.
    0:18:47 So, in my 30s, this was a huge epiphany for me because I realized that I wasn’t trained.
    0:18:48 I wasn’t educated.
    0:18:55 Even though I had an outstanding education, I wasn’t trained to help with this.
    0:19:00 No one taught me about cortisol problems and how to manage that.
    0:19:10 I mean, I was taught about the extremes of Cushing’s disease, which is really high cortisol levels, and Addison’s disease, which JFK had.
    0:19:15 And it’s when your adrenals in your back above your kidneys don’t make cortisol.
    0:19:22 So, I was taught about the extremes, but I wasn’t taught about all the people who kind of live in the middle with problems with their cortisol.
    0:19:33 So, this is when I started to take the scientific literature and apply it to my situation because I wanted to feel better.
    0:19:43 I felt old before my time, and I had a lot of belly fat, and I was on this path of aging at an accelerated clip.
    0:19:47 So, I did it to help myself, but then I also wanted to help my patients.
    0:20:00 And it felt like I needed to go deeper and understand what can we do to treat the trauma and also to treat the more proximal measurements that we’re making,
    0:20:03 like with cortisol, with heart rate variability, with blood sugar.
    0:20:07 So, what was step one for you?
    0:20:10 Step one was awareness.
    0:20:10 Okay.
    0:20:12 And I had no idea.
    0:20:15 These are not things that most doctors are checking for.
    0:20:21 It’s pretty crazy that you’re a doctor, but you don’t know this part of health.
    0:20:28 I mean, how are you going to help anybody if you don’t fully understand health from a more sort of holistic perspective?
    0:20:30 That’s a critical point.
    0:20:40 So, I was taught at Harvard that if you have blood sugar problems, if you’ve got prediabetes and diabetes, the treatment is lifestyle.
    0:20:51 It’s the most effective to change the food that you’re eating, to increase your exercise, to manage your stress in a different way.
    0:20:55 And yet, I wasn’t taught how to help my patients do any of those things.
    0:21:01 I was taught how to prescribe a medication for it, like metformin or some other treatment.
    0:21:04 But I wasn’t taught how to do lifestyle medicine.
    0:21:05 I had 30 minutes on nutrition.
    0:21:08 So, yes, it is pretty crazy.
    0:21:10 They gave you 30 minutes on nutrition?
    0:21:11 Yes.
    0:21:13 During which training?
    0:21:15 This is medical school.
    0:21:20 And I got about the same amount on perimenopause and menopause.
    0:21:21 Really?
    0:21:23 I mean, that explains a lot.
    0:21:24 Yes, it does.
    0:21:24 About the medical system.
    0:21:26 So, step one was awareness.
    0:21:27 What was step two?
    0:21:32 Step two was, what does the science tell us?
    0:21:43 And if we take what the science tells us, usually applied to a population, that then sets us up for step three, which is end-of-one experiments.
    0:21:47 Trying things on yourself and then measuring.
    0:21:48 That’s right.
    0:21:56 When we think of cortisol, which was the first sort of marker that you saw was elevated, we think of stress.
    0:21:58 So, we think we get cortisol if we’re stressed.
    0:22:03 So, my brain, my very naive brain said, well, you just need to be less stressed, Sarah.
    0:22:06 So, you should just go on a holiday.
    0:22:08 And then your cortisol will come down.
    0:22:10 I used to think that too.
    0:22:14 And then I would come back from the holiday and I would still have cortisol problems.
    0:22:21 So, stress is part of it, but cortisol is really interesting.
    0:22:30 These hormones that we’re talking about, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, insulin, it’s not a democracy.
    0:22:32 Like, they don’t have equal footing.
    0:22:36 Cortisol is more like a dictator, especially if it’s out of whack.
    0:22:39 So, you need cortisol to live.
    0:22:43 Whereas, you could live without testosterone, estrogen, progesterone.
    0:22:45 Can’t live without insulin.
    0:22:55 But cortisol is critical in terms of helping you with your immune system, helping you with your blood sugar, and just managing the stress response.
    0:23:02 So, it’s not quite as simple as thinking your way out of a high cortisol or a low cortisol.
    0:23:14 And there are ways that your body can become stuck in a particular pattern of making too much cortisol or making not enough cortisol.
    0:23:20 And if my body is making too much cortisol and my levels are too high, what is the harm?
    0:23:25 The harm is it’s associated with depression.
    0:23:29 It’s about 50% of people with high cortisol.
    0:23:33 50% of people with depression have high cortisol.
    0:23:37 It’s used by some psychiatrists as a suicide marker.
    0:23:41 It’s associated with more belly fat.
    0:23:50 And so, the fat receptors, the fat cells in your belly have increased receptors for cortisol.
    0:23:52 So, it’s a way of growing your belly fat.
    0:23:57 We know that it shrinks the brain in women, but not men.
    0:24:02 Starting in midlife, starting in your 40s, it’s not an old age thing.
    0:24:05 And this has been shown a couple of different ways.
    0:24:14 There was a study from the University of Texas in San Antonio showing that women in their 40s with high cortisol have a shrinkage of total brain volume.
    0:24:25 And then, Lisa Moscone at Cornell also just showed in a study looking at men and women that women with high cortisol also have shrinkage of their total brain volume.
    0:24:32 And they start to have a difficult time using glucose as fuel in their brain.
    0:24:36 Which is going to result in what kind of behaviors?
    0:24:39 Well, it makes you tired.
    0:24:41 It gives you slow brain energy.
    0:24:44 And I can tell for the most part you don’t have that.
    0:24:55 But if you do have it, there’s a way that you kind of, your brain slows down, you feel foggy, you’re not able to multitask and kind of keep up with everything.
    0:24:58 Is there a link between cortisol and trauma?
    0:24:59 Oh, yes.
    0:25:01 What is that link?
    0:25:10 So for people who experience toxic stress or trauma, what typically happens is cortisol goes up.
    0:25:14 That’s part of the alarm, the body’s stress response.
    0:25:22 What we know is that for people who’ve got more serious exposure to trauma and they have post-traumatic stress disorder,
    0:25:29 those people have probably gone through a period of high cortisol and now they can’t keep up anymore.
    0:25:32 And they are in a low cortisol state.
    0:25:37 What are the things in the world at the moment that are messing up our hormones?
    0:25:41 Because the subject matter of hormones has become increasingly popular.
    0:25:44 And I know that there’s hormones like cortisol, which we’ve talked about,
    0:25:49 testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, insulin, glucose.
    0:25:52 What are the big things that are like messing up our hormones at the moment?
    0:25:57 Because I want to make sure my hormones are in check.
    0:26:03 So I’m a guy and I’m sure that there’s, you know, some of these hormones are more like things like estrogen have,
    0:26:05 I think, more pertinent to women.
    0:26:07 No, it’s important for men too.
    0:26:07 Oh, really?
    0:26:10 So estrogen and progesterone are incredibly important for men.
    0:26:19 And it’s, you know, it’s involved in bone strength, progesterone’s involved in sleep in men.
    0:26:25 So the levels are lower in men and your testosterone’s about 10 times higher.
    0:26:29 But in women and men, they’re all important.
    0:26:32 So what’s messing with our hormones?
    0:26:35 I would say toxin exposure.
    0:26:39 So there’s endocrine disruptors.
    0:26:42 There’s more than 700 known endocrine disruptors.
    0:26:53 Things like bisphenol A, like the plastic lining that you see in cans or in plastic containers, water containers.
    0:26:58 There’s skincare products, which women are exposed to more.
    0:27:06 Things like moisturizer and makeup and other things that contain endocrine disruptors, like parabens.
    0:27:12 And there’s flame retardants that we get exposed to.
    0:27:15 So there’s a whole class of endocrine disruptors.
    0:27:23 And then it feels right now like we are more dysregulated than I’ve ever seen.
    0:27:29 And I’m not sure what the cause is.
    0:27:38 I don’t know if it’s the post-pandemic experience or part of what we’re experiencing in the United States with the change in leadership.
    0:27:46 It just feels like there’s this hum of dysregulation that I haven’t seen over my career.
    0:27:48 Are you noticing that?
    0:27:50 Are you seeing that in your patients?
    0:27:51 I see it in my patients.
    0:27:55 I see it in their wearable data.
    0:27:58 I see it in heart rate variability.
    0:28:02 I see it in the cortisol levels that I’m measuring.
    0:28:05 You asked if I’m noticing that.
    0:28:08 I mean, the more digital the world has become, I think I’ve seen more dysregulation.
    0:28:17 And we’re obviously moving further in that direction at rapid speed, especially with things like AI now and algorithms getting more smart and addictive.
    0:28:18 Yes.
    0:28:19 So I see that.
    0:28:27 Also, there’s just been a change in, I think the algorithms, the social media algorithms will compete with themselves to see who can hold you the most.
    0:28:30 And to do that, they have to kind of grab your attention.
    0:28:35 And the easiest ways to grab your attention is by showing you things that are probably dysregulating.
    0:29:01 So if you had to come into my life and you had to optimize my life to make sure that all my hormones were in check, you would get rid of plastics and toxins from my everyday life, my bathroom, etc.
    0:29:08 I’d look at your skincare, I’d look at your cleaning products, I’d look at your air quality.
    0:29:13 I’d probably install a couple of air filters if you don’t have that.
    0:29:19 I’d want to know about your stress because you’re someone who performs at such a high level.
    0:29:32 And I would assume that you found the right level of stress, where it’s not so little that you’re not productive, but it’s not to excess to the point that there’s a cost to it physiologically.
    0:29:33 Yeah.
    0:29:35 And then…
    0:29:36 And I’d want to look at your food.
    0:29:40 I’d want to know how much protein you’re consuming.
    0:29:42 Are you getting the right amount of carbohydrates?
    0:29:43 Seems like you are.
    0:29:46 Are you utilizing those well?
    0:29:49 What’s going on with the continuous glucose monitor?
    0:29:50 How are your nutrients?
    0:29:51 What’s your vitamin D?
    0:29:53 Things like that.
    0:29:56 You’re a big fan of continuous glucose monitors, aren’t you?
    0:29:56 I am.
    0:30:02 I think it gives real-time feedback, immediate feedback on the food that you’re eating.
    0:30:06 I’ve seen nothing else change behavior like a continuous glucose monitor.
    0:30:14 And for anybody that doesn’t know, it’s the little patch you put on your arm and it tells you your blood sugar levels in real time, straight to your phone.
    0:30:16 Sugar.
    0:30:18 Is sugar the enemy?
    0:30:21 I don’t think sugar’s the enemy.
    0:30:26 I think the enemy is the way that we eat it to excess.
    0:30:30 The way that we use it to change our emotional state.
    0:30:37 And we know people who have adverse childhood experiences, they’re more likely to have disordered eating.
    0:30:42 They’re more likely to have problems modulating the amount of sugar they consume.
    0:30:48 When you’re treating patients, do you focus heavily on their blood sugar levels?
    0:30:56 I do, because I think it’s an important indicator of the way the biochemistry of the body, the metabolism, is working.
    0:30:58 It tells me about their mitochondria.
    0:31:02 It tells me about the way that they’re producing energy.
    0:31:04 ATP by ATP.
    0:31:12 This compound, this measure of energy that you produce inside of all of your cells.
    0:31:14 Which is called ATP?
    0:31:14 ATP.
    0:31:21 And that ATP then drives, well, it drives everything we do.
    0:31:22 ATP is fuel.
    0:31:28 So it allows you to feel like you’re fully energized, especially when you wake up in the morning.
    0:31:33 And are there any supplements that I should be taking if I’m trying to optimize my hormonal balance?
    0:31:36 Well, I’d have to look at your total picture.
    0:31:46 But most of us inherit somewhere around five to seven genomic vulnerabilities.
    0:31:48 And often we want to work around those.
    0:31:54 So, for instance, for me, my vitamin D receptor sucks.
    0:31:55 It just doesn’t work very well.
    0:32:04 So I have to take increased levels of vitamin D to keep the kind of the baseline amount of vitamin D in my system normal.
    0:32:06 So we would want to look for those.
    0:32:12 We’d look at your genomics to see what’s your relationship to B vitamins.
    0:32:17 With the stress that you manage, do you have a deficit with B vitamins?
    0:32:21 For a lot of men, it doesn’t show up until around age 40.
    0:32:24 So this is a good time for you to do a baseline.
    0:32:33 When you look at people’s biomarkers and their blood samples, what are the things that you, like, typically always see that are deficient?
    0:32:38 Because I’m sure there’s things from a social level that we’re just all kind of getting wrong.
    0:32:40 Vitamin D is common.
    0:32:44 So somewhere around 70 to 80 percent of people don’t have enough vitamin D.
    0:32:50 And one of the things that I think is so important to realize about vitamin D is that it’s got 400 jobs in the body.
    0:32:56 One of them is keeping your boundary in your gut intact.
    0:33:01 So keeping tight junctions working so that you don’t have leaky gut.
    0:33:04 So vitamin D is a common one.
    0:33:07 I had an executive that I took care of on Tuesday.
    0:33:14 And he had a fasting glucose of 102, which is in the pre-diabetes range.
    0:33:17 No doctor has pointed this out to him before.
    0:33:22 He had, his cholesterol was starting to climb.
    0:33:25 His blood pressure was borderline.
    0:33:34 Not high enough to require a medication, but at the point where we want to turn that chip around before he needs a medication.
    0:33:51 He had a level of inflammation in his body that was causing aches and pains and kind of like this silent condition that wasn’t working well for him.
    0:33:54 So there’s a couple of ways to measure that.
    0:33:56 For him, his homocysteine was elevated.
    0:33:57 It was 14.7.
    0:34:02 And that’s one that’s really easy to measure in a basic panel.
    0:34:09 What we want with homocysteine, which is heart-specific inflammation, we want that to be 5 to 7.
    0:34:18 And when it’s elevated, that tells us that often part of the biochemistry in the body, your methylation, is not working well.
    0:34:21 Methylation is just where you add a carbon and three hydrogens.
    0:34:28 And it’s a way that we turn genes on and off.
    0:34:35 And so in this person’s case, he wasn’t getting enough B vitamins, methylated B vitamins.
    0:34:38 So we started him on a supplement to help him with that.
    0:34:40 So that’s a common one.
    0:34:43 His testosterone was good, so didn’t have to address that.
    0:34:45 This guy was about 52.
    0:34:49 His cortisol was good.
    0:34:52 He was the chief financial officer of a company back east.
    0:34:58 Well, he had a number of things on his genomics that we needed to pay attention to.
    0:35:03 What was interesting about this guy, Steve, is that he was an athlete.
    0:35:08 He played football in high school and college.
    0:35:11 He had this identity as an athlete.
    0:35:16 But when he came to see me at age 52, he was barely exercising.
    0:35:19 He would lift weights maybe once a week.
    0:35:23 He would go swimming for about 30 minutes once a week.
    0:35:34 And so he wasn’t leveraging disposal of glucose the way that he could be, the way that he used to when he was in his 20s.
    0:35:51 So a big part of understanding what made him tick was to reaffirm this identity as an athlete and to use that to address this metabolic crisis that was starting to happen in his body before it was too late.
    0:35:55 Because he’s got too much glucose and he’s not doing enough with it.
    0:35:56 That’s right.
    0:36:00 So his body is having to store it and getting inflamed.
    0:36:04 And he said, you know, listen, it’s been the Christmas holidays.
    0:36:06 I had a lot of pound cake.
    0:36:08 I had some cocktails.
    0:36:10 You know, maybe that’s part of the problem.
    0:36:18 But we had measured his hemoglobin A1C, which is a three-month summary of what’s happening with your glucoses.
    0:36:21 And the problem predated Christmas.
    0:36:26 So we needed to get him into action around exercise.
    0:36:34 Getting back to hormones, I really want to close off on this subject of cortisol because I know that that’s such an important hormone.
    0:36:40 I’ve heard you say before that you believe that cortisol is the most critical hormone to get into balance.
    0:36:44 You want to focus on cortisol really first and foremost.
    0:36:50 So someone like me, is there anything else I need to know to get my cortisol levels in balance?
    0:36:55 And also, what percentage of the population do you think have their cortisol out of whack?
    0:37:02 So we don’t have data on the numerator or the denominator.
    0:37:11 And my patient population is enriched with people who’ve got cortisol problems.
    0:37:17 So out of all of the people I test, somewhere around 90% of them have a problem with their cortisol.
    0:37:20 And that includes professional athletes.
    0:37:27 Because at least in the U.S., like basketball players, they travel a ton.
    0:37:29 They play back-to-back games.
    0:37:40 They’ve got a cortisol load, a stress load that is pretty high, even for someone in their 20s or 30s who’s used to high performance.
    0:37:43 So the number is high.
    0:37:49 If I had to look at the general population, it would be a total speculation.
    0:37:53 I would say somewhere around 30% to 50%.
    0:37:58 And what do you do about that if you’re an athlete and you’ve got elevated cortisol levels?
    0:38:03 I think there’s a number of different things.
    0:38:09 There’s the top-down approach, which is cognitive, kind of like, what is my prefrontal cortex?
    0:38:12 How can I leverage that to work with this?
    0:38:24 And then there’s more of a bottom-up approach, which is using your senses to create safety and to change the cortisol signal, kind of the alarm in the way that it goes off in the body.
    0:38:27 So breath work is really important for that.
    0:38:28 Meditation.
    0:38:31 Different forms of movement.
    0:38:33 Dancing.
    0:38:35 You know, rhythmic movements.
    0:38:36 Walking.
    0:38:37 Hiking.
    0:38:39 Running’s a little tricky.
    0:38:43 Because that can be a stress response and it can raise cortisol.
    0:39:00 So I would say for a professional athlete, what I usually recommend is meditation, regular meditation, and finding what’s a really good fit for them.
    0:39:08 Because, you know, for some people, mindfulness-based stress reduction is a good fit, but that doesn’t fit for everyone.
    0:39:19 Other people like resonance breathing, like a five-second inhale, seven-second exhale, six breaths per minute, doing that for 10 to 20 minutes.
    0:39:30 That can really help to create balance that can really help to create balance between the parasympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
    0:39:41 So if they’ve got high cortisol, one of the things I often do is to give them Cortisol Manager, which is a supplement that includes ashwagandha and phosphatidylserine.
    0:39:45 And it’s been shown to lower cortisol levels.
    0:39:53 So if they’re traveling and they have to take a plane back to Philadelphia after an away game, Cortisol Manager can help them manage the cortisol.
    0:39:58 I’ve found a supplement called, I can’t pronounce the name properly, but rhodiola?
    0:40:00 Oh, rhodiola.
    0:40:01 Rhodiola.
    0:40:03 Yes, rhodiola is an adaptogen.
    0:40:08 So it’s an herbal therapy that’s been shown to help with cortisol.
    0:40:10 Lowest cortisol?
    0:40:10 Yes.
    0:40:13 And I was reading that it increases your focus potentially.
    0:40:14 Yes, it does.
    0:40:16 Do you prescribe that to athletes?
    0:40:18 I do.
    0:40:25 So generally what I try to do with most of my athletes is have them take a supplement either first thing in the morning or before they go to bed.
    0:40:27 It’s harder to do it during the day.
    0:40:31 And so I tend to start with Cortisol Manager because I think it’s got the best data.
    0:40:35 But rhodiola is also a good choice and I have prescribed that.
    0:40:42 Is it easy for people to change in this regard, to get them to make a set of different decisions?
    0:40:51 I think we’re at a time of year where a lot of people are thinking about changes and a lot of people are failing repetitively every year at the changes they say they want to make.
    0:40:55 Is it easy to get someone to change?
    0:41:00 I would say behavior change is the hardest thing that we do as humans.
    0:41:10 I think there are ways that adverse childhood experiences tend to set a pattern that’s very hard to break.
    0:41:14 But I see people change their behavior all the time.
    0:41:21 And I think part of it depends on what’s the pain of staying the same.
    0:41:31 If it’s high enough to motivate you and to help you, you know, not take the shot or two of tequila that has been your downfall in the past.
    0:41:43 If you have something that keeps you accountable and has like the Hawthorne effect, like a continuous glucose monitor, I think that can also be very helpful.
    0:41:50 As if someone was watching you, because my patients with their continuous glucose data, I am watching them.
    0:41:52 I’m scanning them.
    0:41:58 But doesn’t that mean that in order to change, some people just need a bit more pain?
    0:42:04 I would say people have a different level of pain that motivates change.
    0:42:12 Have you ever seen a situation, we were talking about this a couple of weeks ago, where when you’re trying to help someone, you actually end up propping them up.
    0:42:29 And because you’re intervening to stop them experiencing the pain that they might otherwise, you end up harming them because you’re preventing them from going to that place where, you know, they call rock bottom, where self-motivated change would occur.
    0:42:31 It’s a good question.
    0:42:44 I think there’s a fine line between motivating and also speaking your truth about what you’re willing to tolerate, say, in your partner or friend or family member.
    0:42:53 And also enabling or being codependent.
    0:42:57 And so you have to try to find that line.
    0:43:11 I mean, one of the things I found over my career, and it took me a while to learn this, is that if someone has denial about what they’re doing and how it’s affecting their relationships, their health, their ability to work,
    0:43:19 say, say, drinking too much, having a sticky relationship with alcohol, it’s not my job to break through their denial.
    0:43:21 They have to do that.
    0:43:22 That’s their work.
    0:43:28 Now, I can say alcohol has no health benefits.
    0:43:30 Here’s what it does.
    0:43:31 Here’s what it does to the female brain.
    0:43:33 Here’s what it does to the male brain.
    0:43:39 Here’s what it does to break the boundary in your gut and cause leaky gut.
    0:43:43 Here’s all of the untoward effects of it.
    0:43:45 But it’s not my job to break through their denial.
    0:43:47 They have to do that.
    0:43:58 And that’s very hard, especially if you have a family member or a friend or a partner who is doing things that are harming themselves.
    0:44:01 But what do you consider your job to be if you are a friend or a family member?
    0:44:10 Your job is to determine what your boundaries are, what you’re willing to tolerate to stay in relationship.
    0:44:22 And that’s, you know, that’s where interventions play a role, where you confront the person and say, I’m really worried about you.
    0:44:24 Here’s what I’m witnessing.
    0:44:28 I really feel like you need to approach this in a different way.
    0:44:29 Are you willing?
    0:44:32 But it’s a consenting process.
    0:44:34 You don’t do it for them.
    0:44:38 What’s your experience?
    0:44:47 Well, I just, I just have so many, you know, because these days I can help people much more than I could 10 years ago, whether it’s financially or in other ways.
    0:44:55 And so it’s often tempting when someone in my life is struggling in some way to just intervene with some kind of crutch.
    0:45:02 And I’ve actually seen over the last 15 years that the best things that I’ve ever done for some of my friends wasn’t an intervention.
    0:45:06 It wasn’t paying for something for them or taking care of something for them.
    0:45:13 It was being honest with them and then being there as they figured it out themselves.
    0:45:24 And often it was actually removing my crutch, which meant that they would fall a little bit and then climb themselves out of the ditch to a very good life.
    0:45:36 So I just always think about that, that a lot of us through love or through the fact that we can often end up propping people up in our lives and we’re actually doing them a disservice because we’re kind of inhibiting their own natural growth journey.
    0:45:37 I agree with that.
    0:45:38 I agree with that.
    0:45:52 And I would, I would also say that what you just described is holding a mirror to someone in a way that is very loving, but also clear.
    0:45:59 It’s a clean mirror and it’s very different than just loaning them the money.
    0:46:00 Yeah.
    0:46:05 And then being there for them as they stumble and struggle and try to make things different.
    0:46:10 You talked earlier about the executive that you checked recently.
    0:46:13 You said his testosterone levels were intact.
    0:46:13 Yes.
    0:46:20 At what age should I be thinking about my testosterone levels or should I be thinking about them all the time?
    0:46:25 Because I kind of see it as something that I need to worry about when I get a little bit older into my 40s and 50s.
    0:46:32 It tends not to decline until about age 40, but I would say do a baseline now.
    0:46:32 Okay.
    0:46:35 So a baseline biomarker assessment would be worthwhile.
    0:46:46 And, you know, one of the things we found during the pandemic was that the National Basketball Association was playing in a bubble.
    0:46:48 They were playing in Florida.
    0:46:55 And the players cut off from their families and kind of stuck in Florida for a period of time.
    0:46:57 They had low testosterone levels.
    0:47:01 And these guys normally have pretty high testosterone levels.
    0:47:08 So there can be specific situations that can affect your testosterone level.
    0:47:09 What was it that was affecting those?
    0:47:23 Part of it was just being in a hotel, in a bubble, unable to leave, cut off from their community, their family, their friends, their usual ways of blowing off steam.
    0:47:29 I imagine they didn’t measure their cortisol, but I imagine it was probably higher than normal.
    0:47:32 And women have testosterone too.
    0:47:35 But you said, I think, earlier that men just have 10 times more testosterone.
    0:47:40 Men have more, but it’s the most abundant hormone in the female body.
    0:47:42 Women are exquisitely sensitive to it.
    0:47:44 It’s the most abundant hormone?
    0:47:45 Yes.
    0:47:48 Higher concentration than estrogen or progesterone.
    0:47:51 About 15 to 17 nanograms in a woman?
    0:47:54 I read on WebMD.
    0:47:56 Yes, that’s a pretty good level.
    0:48:00 And in men, 300 to 1,000 nanograms?
    0:48:03 Yes, I like to see it somewhere around 500 to 1,000.
    0:48:09 And what would be a sign that I had low testosterone if I’m a man?
    0:48:12 Belly fat.
    0:48:14 Gynecomastia.
    0:48:15 What’s that?
    0:48:17 That’s when you get breast development.
    0:48:17 Okay.
    0:48:29 Mood changes, mood swings, irritability, depression, cardiovascular changes,
    0:48:32 erectile dysfunction, decreased libido.
    0:48:34 What about in a woman?
    0:48:39 So if a woman has low testosterone, what are the symptoms we see in a woman?
    0:48:40 They’re similar.
    0:48:44 So both sexes have fatigue.
    0:48:45 That’s very common.
    0:48:47 Decreased libido.
    0:48:50 They might be working out at the gym and not seeing a response.
    0:48:53 They might have some hair loss.
    0:48:57 And testosterone in women has a few unique features.
    0:49:03 Like one of the things we’ve seen looking at MBA students, students who are getting a master’s
    0:49:08 in business administration, is that the women with higher testosterone tend to be more comfortable
    0:49:10 with financial risk.
    0:49:14 I believe it also tracks with confidence and agency.
    0:49:17 We have less hard data on that.
    0:49:19 But those are some of the things that I see.
    0:49:22 It’s a hormone of vitality in both men and women.
    0:49:28 So if a woman has low testosterone, she might be less confident, have less motivation, less agency.
    0:49:30 Less willing to take risks.
    0:49:31 Less sex drive.
    0:49:34 What if she has high testosterone levels?
    0:49:35 Too high.
    0:49:40 So high testosterone tends to track with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    0:49:44 It’s the most common hormone imbalance that women have.
    0:49:46 It leads to infertility.
    0:49:51 It leads to increased hair growth in places that you don’t want it.
    0:49:54 So that can include like your chin and between your breasts.
    0:50:04 It can lead to insulin resistance in some, but not all, but somewhere around 70% of people
    0:50:05 with PCOS have insulin resistance.
    0:50:12 So it leads to symptoms of excess androgen, acne, hirsutism.
    0:50:17 It also is associated with problems with the mitochondria.
    0:50:23 It’s also linked to dysregulated stress response.
    0:50:26 That’s something we see with people with PCOS.
    0:50:32 So if I’m a man or a woman and I want to get my testosterone levels in order, and I don’t
    0:50:37 want to inject myself with testosterone, are there natural ways, easy ways for me to get
    0:50:38 my testosterone balanced?
    0:50:42 It depends on how off it is.
    0:50:52 First place to start is your cortisol, because cortisol has this interdependent relationship
    0:50:53 with other hormones.
    0:50:58 So if you’re someone who’s making a lot of cortisol, you’re going to make less testosterone.
    0:51:03 So someone who’s got a high level of stress, like I was talking about the NBA players in
    0:51:08 the bubble, maybe their stress was high and their cortisol was high, and that was why their
    0:51:09 testosterone was lower.
    0:51:17 So then if I’m a woman with polycystic ovary syndrome and my testosterone is high, doesn’t
    0:51:18 that mean I want to increase my cortisol?
    0:51:26 No, in that situation, what we know is that food is probably the most important factor
    0:51:28 with someone with PCOS.
    0:51:35 And inside of seven days, by eating a lower carbohydrate diet, you can change your testosterone
    0:51:35 level.
    0:51:37 So you can lower it significantly.
    0:51:39 Within seven days?
    0:51:40 Within seven days.
    0:51:42 Exercise.
    0:51:47 I’m currently eating like a ketogenic diet, so my carbohydrate level is extremely low.
    0:51:50 Does that mean my testosterone levels are going to be low?
    0:51:57 Not necessarily, because you’re not someone with PCOS, so it’s not quite translatable across
    0:51:58 sex and gender.
    0:52:05 But for you, with a ketogenic diet, what we typically see is that insulin levels are lower,
    0:52:08 so it does seem to help with metabolic health.
    0:52:13 It can cause some thyroid dysfunction, so it’s worth tracking thyroid.
    0:52:20 We know that people on a ketogenic diet sometimes have increased inflammation.
    0:52:24 There are some people who are super responders, and they just do super well with a ketogenic
    0:52:24 diet.
    0:52:33 But some people have about a 10% change in their LDL, their so-called bad lipoprotein.
    0:52:38 So if you stay on it for more than four weeks, I generally recommend that you look at some
    0:52:39 biomarkers.
    0:52:46 Let’s talk about estrogen then, because I was under the impression that only women had estrogen,
    0:52:48 but you’re telling me that it’s an important hormone for men as well.
    0:52:49 It is.
    0:52:52 Why is it so important for both sexes?
    0:52:53 What does it do?
    0:53:00 Well, I would say it’s more important for women because it regulates the entire female body.
    0:53:05 So we have estrogen receptors throughout our body.
    0:53:11 When women, there’s two different life stages where estrogen is low.
    0:53:13 The first is postpartum.
    0:53:19 So if you give birth to a baby, you go from sky-high estrogen levels down to almost nothing
    0:53:22 when you deliver your baby and you deliver your placenta.
    0:53:30 And so for a lot of women, when they’re postpartum, maybe they’ve got mood issues, they’ve got
    0:53:37 fatigue that is more than just the sleep deprivation, this can be a preview of coming attractions
    0:53:40 in perimenopause and menopause.
    0:53:44 So it’s a window of opportunity that can tell you about the way estrogen works in your body.
    0:53:50 So for the female body, estrogen has hundreds of jobs.
    0:53:52 It keeps her joints lubricated.
    0:53:58 We know that frozen shoulder is a really common diagnosis in women who are in perimenopause
    0:54:02 and menopause because the estrogen receptors just aren’t getting the estrogen.
    0:54:06 They’re not having molecular sex between the estrogen and the estrogen receptor.
    0:54:10 So estrogen is really critical in women.
    0:54:18 It regulates mood, breast development, development of hips.
    0:54:21 It’s a lubricant for your joints.
    0:54:25 It’s also really critical for your skin.
    0:54:29 When estrogen goes down, you make less collagen.
    0:54:32 And that’s why women notice that their skin ages.
    0:54:35 And in men, it’s a little bit different.
    0:54:37 The dynamic range is more narrow.
    0:54:46 And what we generally want with men is for you to have enough estrogen to serve some of these bodily functions,
    0:54:53 like with keeping your bones strong, but not too much.
    0:54:59 Does it have a role in weight distribution in my body?
    0:55:01 So where are the fat stores and stuff?
    0:55:04 So in men, I don’t know.
    0:55:05 I don’t know the answer to that.
    0:55:07 I’ll have to look it up and get back to you.
    0:55:09 But in women, yes, absolutely.
    0:55:18 So one of the things that happens for women over the age of 40 is that they typically become insulin resistant.
    0:55:20 Their cells become numb to insulin.
    0:55:30 And what we know is that they gain about five pounds of fat and they lose about five pounds of muscle every decade after age 40.
    0:55:42 So there’s this redistribution of fat, to your point, where they deposit less at their breasts and their hips and their buttocks and more at their abdomen.
    0:55:45 Does that happen in men?
    0:55:51 I think there’s some version of it in men, but I just would have to confirm that.
    0:55:54 And is that inevitable?
    0:55:55 No.
    0:55:56 No.
    0:55:58 No, you have a choice.
    0:56:11 So for women, I think what’s important is to understand what are your estrogen levels that are associated with your best function.
    0:56:14 And that’s why I think baseline testing can be so helpful.
    0:56:17 To know where your thyroid is right now, your cortisol, your testosterone.
    0:56:21 To know where you are with your metabolic health.
    0:56:27 So that when you’re in your 40s, you can look back and say, okay, I was in a state of optimization.
    0:56:29 I want to go back to something similar to that.
    0:56:43 So for women, what I would say is right now, 73 to 75% of women do not get the treatment for perimenopause and menopause that they deserve.
    0:56:49 They’re not being offered, for instance, hormone therapy, and that has to change.
    0:57:02 But hormone therapy can help to reverse this so that you are more likely to not have some of these body composition changes as you get older.
    0:57:05 And it’s not just hormone therapy.
    0:57:06 I would say it’s beyond hormone therapy.
    0:57:12 It’s estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, but it’s also heavy weightlifting.
    0:57:15 It’s cardiovascular fitness.
    0:57:17 It’s disposing of the glucose properly.
    0:57:19 Eating the right foods.
    0:57:22 Disposing of the glucose properly?
    0:57:22 Yes.
    0:57:23 What do you mean by that?
    0:57:30 So if you’re, you know, like when I was in my 30s, my fasting glucose was very high.
    0:57:32 It was in the pre-diabetes range.
    0:57:41 And so I needed to change the way that I was burning through glucose, like using it with exercise.
    0:57:52 So disposing, it’s like an input-output equation where you’re inputting with your food and you’re outputting with your exercise.
    0:57:54 And you want to get a good match between the two.
    0:58:01 And must resistance training, strength training is the optimal way to dispose of glucose, right?
    0:58:03 I think it’s a critical way.
    0:58:05 I mean, what we know with strength training is it builds muscle.
    0:58:11 And so the more muscle mass that you have, generally the better your metabolism.
    0:58:17 This one change has transformed how my team and I move, train and think about our bodies.
    0:58:23 When Dr. Daniel Lieberman came on the diary of a CEO, he explained how modern shoes, with their cushioning and support,
    0:58:28 are making our feet weaker and less capable of doing what nature intended them to do.
    0:58:35 We’ve lost the natural strength and mobility in our feet, and this is leading to issues like back pain and knee pain.
    0:58:39 I’d already purchased a pair of Viva Barefoot shoes, so I showed them to Daniel Lieberman,
    0:58:45 and he told me that they were exactly the type of shoe that would help me restore natural foot movement and rebuild my strength.
    0:58:48 But I think it was plantar fasciitis that I had, where suddenly my feet started hurting all the time.
    0:58:52 And after that, I decided to start strengthening my own foot by using the Viva Barefoots.
    0:58:55 And research from Liverpool University has backed this up.
    0:59:01 They’ve shown that wearing Vivo Barefoot shoes for six months can increase foot strength by up to 60%.
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    0:59:20 What role is fiber playing in all of this?
    0:59:24 Because a lot of people are talking about fiber at the moment and saying that we’re fiber deficient.
    0:59:26 Oh, we are, for sure.
    0:59:31 I mean, the average American gets somewhere around 14 grams of fiber a day,
    0:59:35 and we’re meant to have about 30 to 35, 40 grams a day.
    0:59:41 Our Paleolithic ancestors got even more than that, 50 to 100 grams a day.
    0:59:43 So we are not getting enough fiber.
    0:59:48 It’s critical for blood sugar stabilization, so is protein intake.
    0:59:54 But getting fiber from real food, you know, eating sufficient vegetables.
    1:00:02 We know from the microbiome studies that you want about 25 to 35 different species
    1:00:07 of fruits and vegetables in a week to be able to feed your microbiome.
    1:00:13 And what role is the microbiome playing in my hormone function?
    1:00:14 It’s playing a huge role.
    1:00:23 So your microbiome is one of the control functions for estrogen levels and maybe testosterone levels.
    1:00:32 So there’s a bidirectional relationship, Steve, where there are three bacteria in the gut
    1:00:39 that can take estrogen and make it keep recirculating.
    1:00:47 So you’re meant to produce estrogen and then use it and then either poop or pee it out.
    1:00:51 But what happens with some people, if they’ve got these bacteria,
    1:00:56 is they keep recirculating the estrogen like bad karma.
    1:00:59 And so those people tend to have higher estrogen levels.
    1:01:06 It tends to be associated in men with this greater risk of metabolic dysfunction,
    1:01:08 prostate cancer.
    1:01:13 And in women, it’s associated with more breast cancer and endometrial cancer.
    1:01:17 And a lot of that starts and is caused by the gut microbiome.
    1:01:17 Yes.
    1:01:21 And the microbiome, their favorite food is fiber.
    1:01:27 So the way that you keep your microbiome, your microbes happy and healthy,
    1:01:30 is to feed them a fair amount of fiber.
    1:01:33 What kind of foods have high fiber?
    1:01:34 Is that like broccoli and stuff?
    1:01:35 Yes.
    1:01:42 So broccoli, brussel sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage, kohlrabi.
    1:01:44 What do you eat?
    1:01:47 And like, how do you live?
    1:01:49 So I’m a sensualist.
    1:01:50 So I love food.
    1:01:52 I love the taste of food.
    1:01:53 I love the smell of food.
    1:01:55 I love the look of food.
    1:01:57 I had a history of disordered eating.
    1:02:03 I had anorexia as a teenager and bulimia through my 20s and 30s.
    1:02:07 But now I have a more neutral relationship with food.
    1:02:13 I have worn a continuous glucose monitor almost continuously for the past seven years.
    1:02:17 And so I know a lot about the foods that serve me the best.
    1:02:21 So usually for breakfast, I love eggs.
    1:02:29 And so I eat fresh eggs, usually scrambled or lightly boiled.
    1:02:35 I like to have that with greens or some other leftover vegetable from the night before.
    1:02:39 I eat a lot of vegetables.
    1:02:42 I aim for somewhere around a half pound to a pound a day.
    1:02:51 So that’s divided between salads, the vegetables I have at dinner, a smoothie.
    1:02:54 I put vegetables in smoothies along with a protein powder.
    1:02:57 I eat a lot of cruciferous vegetables.
    1:02:59 I have sluggish detox pathways.
    1:03:02 I know that genomically, and I know it from my biomarker testing.
    1:03:03 What does that mean?
    1:03:07 It means that maybe it’s related to my sensitivity.
    1:03:10 I’ve got my…
    1:03:16 I don’t make sufficient glutathione, which is one of the ways that you detoxify.
    1:03:18 It’s an antioxidant in your body.
    1:03:29 And so I like to close that gap by making sure that I’m getting sufficient cruciferous vegetables.
    1:03:31 I eat a lot of broccoli sprouts.
    1:03:33 What do you think of the keto diet?
    1:03:36 I’m a fan of the ketogenic diet.
    1:03:39 Because in your book, there’s this chapter called The Keto Paradox.
    1:03:40 Yes.
    1:03:42 What are your thoughts on keto?
    1:03:47 Well, what I find with keto is that men tend to do better on it than women.
    1:03:54 And what I found with women is that maybe related to hormones and their sensitivity,
    1:03:56 they have more thyroid dysfunction.
    1:04:02 They have more menstrual irregularity, somewhere around 45% of women that are on a classic ketogenic
    1:04:03 diet.
    1:04:07 So women tend to have more issues with the ketogenic diet.
    1:04:10 It takes them longer to get into ketosis than it does a man.
    1:04:12 Even if you…
    1:04:19 The average man, if they fast for somewhere around 14 to 16 hours, they start to produce ketones.
    1:04:21 And for women, it takes longer.
    1:04:24 It takes more like 18 to 20 hours.
    1:04:28 So probably that’s related to fertility.
    1:04:32 And evolutionarily, there’s some pressure for us to not…
    1:04:34 Not go into a ketogenic state.
    1:04:39 But it makes it harder for women to get into ketosis and stay in ketosis.
    1:04:41 Is there a danger to women doing ketosis?
    1:04:44 Because you said their periods are going to become irregular.
    1:04:45 Not necessarily.
    1:04:48 I think depending on how you do it.
    1:04:53 You know, a lot of the data that we have on the ketogenic diet is in populations that don’t
    1:04:54 apply to you or me.
    1:04:59 Because the bulk of the data that we have is in people with seizure disorders.
    1:05:01 So they’re different.
    1:05:02 It’s a different population.
    1:05:08 And they’re also on a form of the ketogenic diet that is very strict.
    1:05:13 You know, no more than 10 to 20 grams of carbohydrates a day.
    1:05:22 So I think you can play with your carbohydrates and find out what your carb threshold is so that you can remain in ketosis,
    1:05:26 get the benefits of all the phytonutrients that you can get from vegetables,
    1:05:34 and play both sides so that you get the health benefits, you get the metabolic function improvement,
    1:05:40 you get the lowering of insulin without some of the side effects.
    1:05:41 What are the side effects?
    1:05:44 The main ones that I see are the thyroid dysfunction.
    1:05:45 Yeah.
    1:05:51 Sometimes there’s a rise in cortisol in people who are really limiting their carbohydrates.
    1:05:58 And then it can also affect serotonin so that people don’t sleep as well on a ketogenic diet.
    1:05:59 Now, some people love that.
    1:06:01 They go on a ketogenic diet and they’re like,
    1:06:05 oh, I only need to sleep six or seven hours a night.
    1:06:13 But over time, if you need more and it’s the serotonin that is at the root of why you’re not sleeping as well,
    1:06:14 that can cause a problem.
    1:06:19 Is there anything else that the ketogenic diet might be doing to my hormones,
    1:06:23 like my testosterone or my other hormones that is worth noting?
    1:06:29 Because I’m super, you know, I’m wondering whether to stay on the ketogenic diet for a long period of time.
    1:06:30 I typically do it for a couple of weeks a year.
    1:06:35 But I’m wondering if this is something that I could do for like a year or maybe longer.
    1:06:40 So I think if you stay on it for more than a few weeks, you want to check your biomarkers.
    1:06:44 And you just want to make sure that it agrees with the intelligence of your body.
    1:06:48 So do some molecular profiling and see if it’s a good fit.
    1:06:51 Have you seen people that stay on it for years and have good biomarkers?
    1:06:51 Yes.
    1:06:52 Okay.
    1:07:05 And I think what’s important to understand is that exercise performance sometimes can be adversely affected by the ketogenic diet.
    1:07:10 And that might be an interesting experiment for you to do, like with your running and your 5K time.
    1:07:22 What a lot of athletes do is if they want to experiment with a ketogenic diet, say they’re a cyclist and they’re trying to get their weight down so that their power is up.
    1:07:33 What they tend to do before a race is they add carbs back two weeks before the race so that they’re filling their glycogen stores.
    1:07:39 And so that’s another piece that you may want to be tracking is your exercise performance.
    1:07:44 If I’m trying to lose weight, is there an optimal approach to take?
    1:07:48 Because the ketogenic diet has been the fastest way I’ve ever discovered of losing weight quickly.
    1:07:55 But if you’re a man or woman trying to lose weight, specifically like that annoying weight, the belly fats, those kinds of things.
    1:07:58 If someone comes to you and says that, what do you say to them?
    1:08:05 What I like about the ketogenic diet for weight loss, and I’m really careful about weight loss because…
    1:08:06 It’s problematic.
    1:08:07 It’s problematic.
    1:08:10 And I think body shaming is a big problem.
    1:08:12 And so I’m really careful about this.
    1:08:19 But when it comes to a ketogenic diet, what I like about it is that ketones are really satisfying.
    1:08:22 So they increase your satiety.
    1:08:31 And I think it’s much more effective than trying to limit your calories and be in a calorie deficit.
    1:08:39 So with a ketogenic diet, usually you do a calorie deficit, but you’re producing ketones, which are making you feel more satisfied.
    1:08:43 So you’re not standing in front of the refrigerator wondering when the next time is that you can eat.
    1:08:46 And what about fasting?
    1:08:52 You know, there’s been a lot of talk about autophagy and doing these kind of long fasts to heal the body.
    1:08:54 What’s your perspective on that?
    1:08:57 I think there’s a time and a place for fasting.
    1:09:04 I think these ways of activating some of the benevolent pathways in the body can be very good for you.
    1:09:06 So it can be good for mitochondria.
    1:09:10 It can be good for your hormone balance.
    1:09:12 It can help you with insulin, as an example.
    1:09:18 So you asked about someone who was wanting to lose weight and also wanting to address belly fat.
    1:09:21 I would say that’s a situation where you really want to pay attention to insulin.
    1:09:24 So fasting can get you that.
    1:09:26 So can a ketogenic diet.
    1:09:38 Often we combine the two because you can induce ketosis faster by doing intermittent fasting together with a ketogenic diet.
    1:09:41 Is the ketogenic diet like a form of fasting?
    1:09:45 You could think of it that way.
    1:09:50 I mean, I would say it allows you to fast and it makes the behavior change easier.
    1:10:00 You know, the thing about fasting is there are some people who are really good at it and it doesn’t raise their cortisol.
    1:10:03 It doesn’t induce the stress response.
    1:10:09 And then there are other people who get very stressed with a ketogenic diet or with fasting.
    1:10:20 And so part of it is trying to get a sense of your own response to the food that you’re eating to see, okay, what suits me the best?
    1:10:21 How do I feel the best?
    1:10:25 Where is my cognitive function at an optimal level?
    1:10:27 What helps me with brain fog?
    1:10:32 What helps me with allergies or whatever symptoms you’re tracking?
    1:10:53 You know, one of the things we know with ketones, which are produced, you know, your body, as you well know, is this, it’s like a hybrid car that can flip between burning gas, which is like glucose in this analogy, or electric, which in this analogy is ketones.
    1:11:00 The thing about ketones is they’re not, they’re not just a satiety molecule that makes you feel satisfied.
    1:11:05 They also have anti-inflammatory aspects inside of the body.
    1:11:08 So they’re an important signaling pathway.
    1:11:10 There’s a reason why your body produces ketones.
    1:11:13 Now, do you want to do that for a year?
    1:11:18 We’d have to see, we’d have to look at your biomarkers.
    1:11:27 You know, the normal way that your genome developed was to flip in and out of ketosis based on the food supply.
    1:11:32 And now that food is abundant, most people are not going into ketosis.
    1:11:36 But being able to switch back and forth can be very healthy for you.
    1:11:45 When people come to you and they’re asking questions about hormones these days, you must have seen in your career a shift in interest on the subject of hormones.
    1:11:52 But also a certain area of hormonal health that people have a greater obsession with.
    1:12:00 Of all the subjects we’ve talked about today relating to hormones, what is it that people are most interested in right now?
    1:12:06 I would say for women, it’s perimenopause.
    1:12:13 And for anyone that doesn’t know what perimenopause is, when does that begin and what is it?
    1:12:17 Typically begins between 35 and 45 for women.
    1:12:28 And it’s the age at which your ovaries start to run out of ripe eggs and the mitochondria in your eggs are not working the way that they once did.
    1:12:34 And so your ovaries are aging and that leads to changes in your hormone levels.
    1:12:42 So a lot of people think of perimenopause as mostly being a hormonal situation, a change in estrogen, progesterone, maybe testosterone.
    1:12:47 And what I think is important to realize is it’s much broader than that.
    1:12:49 It’s your metabolic system.
    1:12:52 It’s the way that your brain is responding to glucose.
    1:12:55 It’s your immune system.
    1:13:00 It’s a time when more women have the experience of autoimmunity and autoimmune disease.
    1:13:05 So perimenopause is this incredibly dynamic time.
    1:13:08 There’s more than 100 plus symptoms that women experience.
    1:13:10 And it makes me crazy.
    1:13:14 I was just talking to my agent and my publisher a couple weeks ago.
    1:13:17 They’re both women in their early 40s.
    1:13:24 And they were having symptoms, you know, some of those 100 symptoms that are characteristic of perimenopause.
    1:13:28 They went to their doctor and said, I’ve got these mood swings.
    1:13:31 I’m having trouble sleeping, having some night sweats.
    1:13:33 Is this perimenopause?
    1:13:36 And the doctor said, no, you’re too young.
    1:13:39 So there’s a knowledge gap.
    1:13:45 There’s a research gap and a knowledge gap and a huge treatment gap for women who are in perimenopause.
    1:13:48 Most women are not getting the treatment that they need.
    1:13:51 So what are they asking about?
    1:13:55 They’re asking about, why do I feel so dysregulated?
    1:13:59 Why is it that I can’t manage stress the way I once did?
    1:14:04 Why would I rather mop the floor than have sex with my husband?
    1:14:07 Why is sex painful all of a sudden?
    1:14:15 Why do I have this belly fat that appeared out of nowhere and my usual techniques for how to deal with that aren’t working?
    1:14:19 Those are some of the questions that they ask, which map to your hormones.
    1:14:22 And what is the youngest you’ve ever seen someone enter perimenopause?
    1:14:32 Well, I see women who have premature ovarian insufficiency, which is when you go through menopause before age 40.
    1:14:40 So I’ve seen a fair amount of that, you know, probably 50 patients over the course of my career.
    1:14:41 It’s relatively rare.
    1:14:51 And then I see women who have early menopause, which is when they stop having their periods or they have an FSH level of 25 to 30.
    1:14:52 And what’s a FSH?
    1:14:54 Follicle stimulating hormone.
    1:14:58 It’s one of the control hormones for your estrogen and progesterone in the body.
    1:15:04 So if that occurs, they have their final menstrual period between 40 and 45.
    1:15:06 That’s considered early menopause.
    1:15:20 So there’s this really dynamic time where your hormones are wildly fluctuating, especially estrogen, progesterone is declining, and women have this increase in the symptoms that they experience.
    1:15:25 And no one is really tracking it carefully.
    1:15:26 That’s what needs to change.
    1:15:30 Tracking it through their blood samples.
    1:15:44 Blood samples and connecting their symptoms to what is happening in their ovaries, in their immune system, in their metabolic system, and putting it together for them and offering them options.
    1:15:49 You believe that many of the symptoms of menopause are avoidable?
    1:15:50 Yes.
    1:15:51 Yes.
    1:16:00 And by that, I mean using hormone therapy and using lifestyle medicine as early as possible to manage that transition.
    1:16:05 Because when a woman goes to a doctor now, that doctor might say, well, you’re getting older.
    1:16:07 This is what happens.
    1:16:08 Or they might just completely miss it.
    1:16:09 That’s right.
    1:16:13 Or they might get started on a birth control pill.
    1:16:17 That’s used a lot for women who are impairing menopause.
    1:16:19 And I don’t think that’s the right solution.
    1:16:21 What do you think of birth control pills?
    1:16:28 I think if they help you avoid surgery, they can be beneficial.
    1:16:31 But I think they’re way overused in our culture.
    1:16:39 And most people who agree to a birth control pill don’t receive full informed consent.
    1:16:43 They’re not told that it’ll raise the inflammation in your body by two to three fold.
    1:16:48 It increases your risk of autoimmune disease, especially Crohn’s disease.
    1:16:50 It makes your control system.
    1:16:54 It makes your control system for your hormones less flexible.
    1:16:58 It can rob you of testosterone.
    1:17:00 It can lower your free testosterone.
    1:17:05 It can shrink your clitoris by up to 20%.
    1:17:09 I feel like if that was part of the informed consent, very few people would sign up for it.
    1:17:13 But who is the birth control pill for then?
    1:17:22 You know, I used to think that it was a feminist invention, that it was a way of putting your fertility in your hands.
    1:17:25 And I went on the birth control pill when I was 16.
    1:17:36 But I feel like there are some costs to it that a lot of teenagers and women in their 20s and 30s aren’t aware of.
    1:17:41 And for me, I feel like that awareness is really critical.
    1:17:42 So who’s it for?
    1:17:47 I would say it’s a simple entree into contraception.
    1:18:00 But I would much rather people use things like an IUD or condoms or some other barrier method that doesn’t mess with their hormonal intelligence.
    1:18:01 How are you doing?
    1:18:04 Oh, quite good.
    1:18:05 Quite good.
    1:18:07 I love that question.
    1:18:12 I went through a divorce two years ago.
    1:18:16 And I feel like, you know, I have two daughters.
    1:18:19 They both went off to college and were out of the house.
    1:18:29 And I realized that my time with my now ex-husband had run its course.
    1:18:33 And we came together to create this beautiful family.
    1:18:35 But we were no longer a good fit for each other.
    1:18:52 And so a big part of my spiritual work has been coming to terms with that and really getting clear about, OK, for the second half of my life, what is it that I want?
    1:18:55 What is my mission?
    1:18:57 How do I support that?
    1:19:05 How do I only give a whole body yes to the things that I say yes to?
    1:19:07 How do I?
    1:19:08 Whole body yes.
    1:19:09 What does that mean?
    1:19:09 Whole body yes.
    1:19:14 So this is something I learned from one of my mentors, Diana Chapman.
    1:19:22 She learned it from, I believe, Katie Hendricks, who’s a therapist.
    1:19:32 The idea is that instead of saying yes to things that you’re offered purely from a cognitive place, that sounds like a good idea.
    1:19:33 Sounds like a good opportunity.
    1:19:34 Let me do it.
    1:19:37 Instead, you check in with your whole body.
    1:19:39 You check in with your heart.
    1:19:41 You check in with your gut.
    1:19:43 Does this really make a difference in the world?
    1:19:48 Is this something that’s going to make me jump out of bed in the morning?
    1:19:52 Is this something that is worth the time and the effort?
    1:19:55 I’m a little older than you.
    1:20:00 And so I hold these opportunities a little bit differently than I did in the past.
    1:20:02 How long were you married for?
    1:20:05 How long were you in a relationship with your partner?
    1:20:09 We were together for about 22 years and married for 20.
    1:20:15 How does one know that it’s not right anymore after 20 odd years?
    1:20:19 Well, I would love to riff on this with you.
    1:20:20 Okay.
    1:20:28 So I can tell you that part of the challenge in my marriage was that
    1:20:35 we had difficulty talking about difficult topics.
    1:20:40 So highly charged topics were tough for us to be able to navigate.
    1:20:46 When we had a conflict or a fight, we didn’t repair very well.
    1:20:53 There was a partial repair where you would feel good enough to keep functioning
    1:20:56 and take care of the kids and do your householder stuff.
    1:21:01 But you didn’t really feel seen or like you cleaned up the pain that was there.
    1:21:10 There was a way that I didn’t feel fully understood or seen.
    1:21:18 And not that I require that from my partner, but I felt like there was a misattunement.
    1:21:25 And I’m in a relationship now where I have those things that I’m talking about.
    1:21:29 And it’s someone that I have known for 30 plus years.
    1:21:32 We were interns together at UCSF.
    1:21:42 And I realize now that, you know, I came together with my ex-husband and I really am so blessed
    1:21:46 by the life that we had and the family that we had.
    1:21:50 But we also had a trauma bond.
    1:21:55 There was a way that his trauma kind of intersected with my trauma.
    1:22:02 And we hung in there for a very long time, probably longer than we should have.
    1:22:04 So how do you know?
    1:22:07 I don’t know, Stephen.
    1:22:14 I just can tell you that there was a way that our interactions
    1:22:20 was creating dysregulation in my body.
    1:22:21 And I’m not blaming him.
    1:22:25 I, you know, it’s a two, there’s two sides of the street.
    1:22:31 But there was a way that we just, we didn’t quite gel together.
    1:22:37 And is that not something that can be prepared through communication and therapy or sitting
    1:22:37 down and…
    1:22:39 I mean, you would hope so.
    1:22:43 But we spent about 10 years out of the 20 years of marriage in couples therapy.
    1:22:49 And it didn’t really resolve some of these conflicts.
    1:22:56 We got better at I statements.
    1:23:00 We got better at saying what we were feeling and not blaming.
    1:23:07 We got better at going for a walk when we were talking about something difficult.
    1:23:16 But there was still a way that I felt alone and lonely inside of the relationship.
    1:23:23 And I decided, I think a fair number of women decide this, I decided I was better off alone
    1:23:26 than to continue in the marriage.
    1:23:32 When people hear that, that one in your situation, they might think, okay, so maybe he was
    1:23:38 preoccupied with something else or he was, he worked away.
    1:23:41 When you say the word lonely, these are the kind of things we think we think of proximity.
    1:23:45 But you’re saying it, I’m guessing it wasn’t proximity.
    1:23:48 It wasn’t proximity.
    1:23:49 I think it was…
    1:23:58 There was a way that we had a hard time expressing love and feeling and receiving love.
    1:24:00 There was an obstacle.
    1:24:03 And some of it was trauma.
    1:24:07 And the good news is there’s a lot you can do to resolve trauma.
    1:24:19 But there was a way that I got to the point where I couldn’t try any longer.
    1:24:22 I tried for a lot of years.
    1:24:24 And I just couldn’t keep trying.
    1:24:32 When you look back, is there something that could have been done further upstream to prevent
    1:24:35 you getting to this place, in your view?
    1:24:37 Yeah, it’s such a…
    1:24:38 It’s a great question.
    1:24:41 You know, one of the things that I’ve seen that has helped to resolve trauma
    1:24:48 better than anything else is psychedelic-assisted therapy.
    1:24:54 It’s a way of looking at your story, a way of looking at the facts of your life
    1:24:58 with more objectivity.
    1:25:04 And it’s a way of resolving the way that trauma becomes embedded in your system.
    1:25:12 And so I started doing psychedelic-assisted therapy about five years ago with the hope
    1:25:14 that it would help me with my marriage.
    1:25:23 And what I had hoped over time is that I would do my part to resolve the trauma signature in
    1:25:24 my own body.
    1:25:31 And that maybe we would do psychedelic medicine together as a way of reconnecting to the love
    1:25:36 that we felt for each other and, you know, kind of get the noise, turn down the volume
    1:25:36 on the noise.
    1:25:41 And we weren’t able to do that.
    1:25:43 He wasn’t willing to.
    1:25:43 He wasn’t willing.
    1:25:45 He wasn’t open to psychedelics.
    1:25:49 And not everyone is.
    1:25:51 I’m not blaming him for that.
    1:25:55 And I think there’s other ways to create healing states of consciousness.
    1:25:57 You know, breath work can do it.
    1:26:01 A near-death experience, peak experiences can do it.
    1:26:02 Flow states.
    1:26:05 There’s lots of different ways to create these healing states of consciousness.
    1:26:10 But we weren’t able to get into that healing state together.
    1:26:15 Just for a second, I want to talk about a company I’ve invested in and who sponsored this podcast
    1:26:16 called Zoe.
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    1:26:43 sugar, fat, and calorie content of the average meal and therefore acts as a metabolic challenge.
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    1:27:20 One of the things I’ve been told by one of the menopause experts that you mentioned earlier,
    1:27:30 Lisa, was that when women get to a menopausal age, when they’re in menopause, they often have
    1:27:32 greater clarity on what they want in their life.
    1:27:34 That’s what she said to me.
    1:27:39 And she said that she, we see divorce rates increase during this period of life.
    1:27:41 Is that true?
    1:27:42 It is true.
    1:27:43 It is true.
    1:27:44 Yeah.
    1:27:51 The way it was explained to me by one of my mentors was that when you’re in your reproductive
    1:27:57 years, so pre-menopause, you’ve got a different level of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
    1:27:57 every day.
    1:28:05 And it makes you accommodate, makes you kind of roll with the punches, and it sets up this
    1:28:12 level of flexibility that starts to disappear when you go through perimenopause and menopause.
    1:28:21 And so the way my mentor described it was that the hormonal veil is lifted, and you start
    1:28:23 to speak your truth and not accommodate.
    1:28:29 You speak your truth maybe for the first time about the state of your marriage, about the
    1:28:31 things that you’re happy about, the things that you’re not happy about.
    1:28:37 And it does lead to an increased rate of divorce.
    1:28:39 What about your happiness levels?
    1:28:41 Does it increase your happiness levels?
    1:28:42 I think it does.
    1:28:49 There’s this really interesting study that is called the U-Bend, and it looks at psychological
    1:28:51 well-being for adults.
    1:28:57 It’s highest in your 20s and the very start of your 30s.
    1:29:01 And then there’s this U-shape where your psychological well-being goes down.
    1:29:04 I know you’re 32, so I’m a little sorry to break the news to you.
    1:29:07 And then it goes back up right around 50.
    1:29:10 So psychological well-being goes up again.
    1:29:16 And when I first heard about this U-Bend, I remember reading an article in The Economist
    1:29:17 about it.
    1:29:25 It was so validating because it made me feel like, oh, things are really hard.
    1:29:30 It makes sense to me that we see this through your 30s and 40s, and then it starts to have
    1:29:31 this uptick again.
    1:29:35 And I think there are ways to improve your psychological well-being so that you’re not
    1:29:36 stuck in the U-Bend.
    1:29:45 But happiness, yes, I would say happiness, psychological well-being is high again in your 50s.
    1:29:52 I know that there’s so many women that listen to this show, and I get so many messages when
    1:29:58 we have conversations about women’s health, hormonal issues, menopause, because women for
    1:30:02 a long period of time haven’t felt like they’ve been heard and understood.
    1:30:07 They often feel like they’re being gaslit a little bit maybe by their doctors or by some
    1:30:08 of the information out there.
    1:30:10 So this is quite atypical of me.
    1:30:13 But you know women better than I do.
    1:30:17 And you know what women are concerned about in all seasons of their life, what they’re
    1:30:18 worried about, what they’re confused about.
    1:30:24 So I want to just open the floor to you and ask you, based on all of the work that you’ve
    1:30:32 done, you know, you’ve done work on women’s hormones, diets, lifestyle, sex drives, reclaiming
    1:30:37 their balance, sleep, healthy weight, for both men and women, but I’m asking specifically for
    1:30:37 women here.
    1:30:42 So with all of that in mind, what is the question that I should be asking you?
    1:30:49 How do we do a better job supporting women?
    1:30:52 How do we do a better job supporting women?
    1:30:52 Yes.
    1:30:54 How do we do it systemically?
    1:30:59 How do we do it in terms of health care for women?
    1:31:04 But I would say in particular for you, with the platform that you have.
    1:31:12 The women’s health gap that we’re facing right now, which has only gotten worse over the
    1:31:18 30 years of my career, I think to ask, how do we help women rise?
    1:31:24 How do we make systemic changes so that we don’t have this women’s health gap?
    1:31:25 Let’s close the gap.
    1:31:26 How do we do that together?
    1:31:29 I have a question for you.
    1:31:34 Can you guess what the question is?
    1:31:36 I have an idea.
    1:31:37 Go on then.
    1:31:44 So the women’s health gap, I believe, is rooted in two things.
    1:31:50 Sex differences, you know, having two X chromosomes versus X, Y in men.
    1:31:58 Hormonal differences, these life cycle changes that women go through, like postpartum, pregnancy,
    1:32:00 perimenopause, menopause.
    1:32:06 But then there’s also gender differences, which are socially constructed.
    1:32:15 And that includes women having more than their share of emotional labor, women having more stress
    1:32:21 than men, experiencing more stress, women having more trauma, so they have higher ACE scores than men.
    1:32:29 And it’s led to, if we just look at the statistics, double the rate of depression, double the rate
    1:32:35 of PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder, double the rate of insomnia, four times the rate of autoimmune
    1:32:38 disease, nine times the rate of thyroid dysfunction.
    1:32:45 So there’s sex differences that map to those outcomes, but then there’s these gender differences.
    1:32:53 And the way that women don’t feel supported, the way that they feel conflicted in trying to create
    1:33:01 work-life balance, the way that they experience more stress, that’s what we need to address.
    1:33:07 We can’t change the biology, but we can change the gender differences.
    1:33:14 We can change the socially constructed differences that lead to it being a health hazard to be female.
    1:33:17 Okay, so tell me about that then.
    1:33:22 What is it about the socially constructed narrative of what it is to be a man and a woman that is
    1:33:27 causing unfavorable outcomes for women?
    1:33:29 There’s a lot of things.
    1:33:41 So I would say what we know, if you look at the nervous system, we know that women tend
    1:33:48 to have more imbalance between the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous
    1:33:48 system.
    1:33:49 What’s that?
    1:33:52 So the sympathetic nervous system is fight, flight, freeze.
    1:34:00 The parasympathetic nervous system is rest and digest, feed and breed, stay and play.
    1:34:02 So power is relaxed, chill, play.
    1:34:02 Relaxed, chill.
    1:34:04 That’s where the healing happens.
    1:34:07 And we’re not meant to hang out in one or the other.
    1:34:10 We’re meant to have this fluid balance between the two.
    1:34:13 Ideally, like a 50-50 split.
    1:34:21 And so women tend to, in dealing with our culture, have more sympathetic activation.
    1:34:24 And so finding ways to address that.
    1:34:25 More stress.
    1:34:26 More stress.
    1:34:33 So at least in the U.S., we do these annual stress reports and we find that on average,
    1:34:36 women have about 10% more stress than men.
    1:34:37 Why?
    1:34:43 Is that just because they’re more likely to report it?
    1:34:47 Or is there a biological or evolutionary reason why they’re more stressed?
    1:34:49 I don’t think it’s biological.
    1:34:54 I think it’s related to power imbalances.
    1:34:56 I think it’s related to patriarchy.
    1:35:01 I think it’s related to power over.
    1:35:04 So, for instance, with these ACE scores.
    1:35:06 The trauma scores.
    1:35:07 The trauma scores.
    1:35:12 We know that women experience more trauma than men, about 10% more, similar to stress.
    1:35:19 And they also experience trauma at an earlier age compared to men.
    1:35:21 They have much more sexual violence.
    1:35:25 They’re 14 times more likely to be raped than a man.
    1:35:31 So there are ways that our culture has allowed women to be violated.
    1:35:35 And that has to end.
    1:35:36 How do we do that?
    1:35:37 I don’t know.
    1:35:46 This is where we need to riff and figure out how do the systems change so that there’s a more equal distribution of power.
    1:36:03 So if you put a man and a woman or a boy and a girl in the same stressful environment, would they have different biological markers, like biomarkers?
    1:36:08 Would you see high levels of cortisol levels in the woman or higher cortisol levels in the man?
    1:36:10 I don’t know the answer to that.
    1:36:19 My sense is, from the work of Elaine Aaron, who’s done the work on this profile of high sensitivity, that it’s about equal in men and women.
    1:36:21 But I don’t know that for sure.
    1:36:22 I’d have to fact check that.
    1:36:26 Do you see higher rates of autoimmune diseases in women or men?
    1:36:28 Women.
    1:36:30 4X.
    1:36:31 4X?
    1:36:31 Yes.
    1:36:33 400% more autoimmune diseases in women.
    1:36:34 Yes.
    1:36:36 And what are these autoimmune diseases?
    1:36:38 What’s an example of one?
    1:36:40 So there’s about 100 autoimmune diseases.
    1:36:54 It includes things like rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, which is the leading cause of low thyroid function, psoriasis.
    1:36:56 There’s a long list.
    1:37:02 And why are women getting these autoimmune diseases 400% more than men?
    1:37:03 We don’t know.
    1:37:10 So the speculation is that it’s related to both biological differences, sex differences.
    1:37:12 as well as gender differences.
    1:37:20 So the biological differences include the difference in the levels of hormones, the X chromosome.
    1:37:25 Women have more, for instance, vaccine response compared to men.
    1:37:34 Our immune system is more reactive in some ways than the immune system of men.
    1:37:38 But then there’s also these gender differences, these socially constructed differences.
    1:37:42 Like women who have a hard time saying no.
    1:37:54 Women who give until they drop, who overfunction, who are trained when they go through their childhood to take care of others at the expense of their own self-care.
    1:38:03 And so how these interact and lead to a fourfold increased risk in women, we don’t entirely know.
    1:38:07 But definitely we see four times the rate in women.
    1:38:08 What’s your view?
    1:38:13 There’s a big debate that’s always raging on about gender roles in society.
    1:38:20 And there’s obviously been a big shift over the last couple of decades in, I think actually in part caused by the introduction of the contraceptive pill,
    1:38:22 which has meant that women are working more.
    1:38:27 I think in the Western world, and these numbers might be wrong, there’s less babies being born.
    1:38:30 Men and women are having less sex with each other.
    1:38:32 Men are killing themselves more often.
    1:38:37 Women are having, coming into puberty earlier, I believe, or is it later?
    1:38:37 It’s earlier.
    1:38:43 And then having less children and significantly later.
    1:38:48 Funnily, I saw a graph yesterday which showed the rise in breast cancer amongst women.
    1:38:53 And actually, I think it was actually, no, it was the rise in all cancers amongst women versus men.
    1:38:55 And the men graph was pretty flat.
    1:39:00 But there was this significant rise in women getting more and more forms of cancer.
    1:39:04 And I was looking through some of the research as to why that would happen.
    1:39:10 And one of them, one of the points of research said that because women are having children later,
    1:39:14 that this is causing a rise in cancer.
    1:39:16 Does that make sense?
    1:39:20 Well, that has been studied with, for instance, breast cancer.
    1:39:21 Okay.
    1:39:27 So we know, you know, there’s a lot of different factors that can increase a woman’s risk of breast cancer.
    1:39:31 One of them is the age at which you have your first baby.
    1:39:36 And so the way that we think of this is that it’s related to estrogen exposure.
    1:39:45 So women who get pregnant and maybe they breastfeed for a year, that’s often a period of time, like a year and nine months,
    1:39:52 where they’re not exposed to as much estrogen than they would be if they were menstruating during that time.
    1:39:57 And so having babies later seems to be associated with a greater risk of breast cancer.
    1:40:02 The ideal age I was taught when I went through my training for having a baby is 24.
    1:40:08 And I don’t have a single friend who’s had a baby in their 20s.
    1:40:12 Is there something we’re getting wrong with gender roles when you think about our biology and our hormones?
    1:40:15 I really love the questions.
    1:40:16 I mean, they’re thought experiments.
    1:40:19 So, yes, I do think there’s something we’re getting wrong.
    1:40:22 You had a guest recently who was talking about sex span.
    1:40:23 Oh, yeah.
    1:40:27 And the period of time that you’re sexually active and satisfied with sex.
    1:40:35 And I do feel like we’ve got an epidemic of sexless marriage, people who are not having as much sex,
    1:40:41 who don’t realize how important pleasure is, especially for the nervous system and for regulation.
    1:40:46 Orgasm is one of the most effective strategies for creating nervous system regulation.
    1:40:49 For dropping into your parasympathetic nervous system.
    1:40:50 For dropping into your parasympathetic.
    1:41:01 And what we know is that, you know, with gender roles and with what’s happened with work,
    1:41:08 we’ve lost some of the polarity between men and women.
    1:41:14 I mean, I imagine you also have listeners who are gay men or lesbian couples.
    1:41:17 So I want to be mindful of being inclusive here.
    1:41:19 But I think we’ve lost a lot of polarity.
    1:41:25 And polarity exists in all kinds of relationships as well, doesn’t it, to some degree?
    1:41:27 It does, but sometimes you have to work at it.
    1:41:30 Sometimes you have to create the polarity.
    1:41:33 When you say polarity, if we’re talking about heterosexual relationships,
    1:41:35 what is the polarity that you think we’ve lost?
    1:41:40 I would say right now in my 50s, I’m having the best sex of my life.
    1:41:42 The best orgasms of my life.
    1:41:46 And there’s a lot of polarity in my relationship.
    1:41:54 And I’ve learned that this is pretty controversial and edgy, so I’m just going to say it anyway.
    1:42:05 I feel like for women who are professionals, who work really hard, there are some ways that polarity can be really helpful in the bedroom.
    1:42:19 And here I’m talking about gender roles and, you know, understanding sort of what is satisfying for you sexually and asking for it in your relationship.
    1:42:35 A lot of the professional women that I know, they enjoy vanilla sex, but they also like a weave of domination.
    1:42:37 To be dominated or to dominate?
    1:42:39 Both.
    1:42:41 I mean, it’s a personal preference.
    1:42:51 But I think there’s a way that, it’s a way of playing with power that I think can be sexually very satisfying.
    1:42:54 What do you think?
    1:43:06 Do you think it’s important in sexual relationships to have polarity, to have, to have like the feminine and masculine attributes?
    1:43:13 Or do you think you both just come to a sexual connection equals and that’s how it should always be?
    1:43:19 I think probably the answer is that everybody has their own favorite flavor of ice cream.
    1:43:30 And I can only speak to my favorite flavor of ice cream, which is I like, I don’t like vanilla ice cream.
    1:43:31 It’s not my favorite flavor.
    1:43:36 And I think I do like to be more dominant.
    1:43:38 That turns me on.
    1:43:42 And I like to vary it because I’ll get bored.
    1:43:45 Especially if you’re in a long relationship, you’ve got to fucking find some way to spice it up.
    1:43:46 Yes, you do.
    1:43:51 I’m buying all kinds of stuff off the internet to try and, you know, keep it novel and new.
    1:43:53 Okay, now things are getting interesting.
    1:43:54 Are we?
    1:43:55 Yes.
    1:43:57 Well, honestly, I’ve landed here in LA.
    1:44:00 And before I even landed, I ordered loads of stuff just to be at the house when I got here.
    1:44:01 Fantastic.
    1:44:04 It’s funny because my team are listening.
    1:44:11 No, but I do because I’m like, I have to, I like try and plan sex to be interesting.
    1:44:12 Yes.
    1:44:15 Which is, it’s like a part-time job.
    1:44:16 It is.
    1:44:17 I totally agree with you.
    1:44:20 The alternative is it just fizzles out and gets boring and then it’s the same.
    1:44:25 But also, I think I play with distance because of the way my schedule is.
    1:44:30 So I don’t see my partner for a couple of weeks and then we see each other and then we go away again.
    1:44:34 And so it kind of keeps it a little bit more novel and stuff and interesting.
    1:44:36 I try and make sure that I stay attractive.
    1:44:43 I told, I said part of the reason I go to the gym every day is because we signed a contract.
    1:44:45 Not a real contract.
    1:44:47 But we signed the contract when we met each other that we’d stay attractive.
    1:44:48 And that’s intellectually attractive.
    1:44:49 That’s physically attractive.
    1:44:49 It’s whatever.
    1:44:52 So, yeah, I think a lot about it.
    1:44:54 That’s fantastic.
    1:44:56 It’s a good strategy.
    1:45:02 And I appreciate how you are being very intentional about your sex life.
    1:45:06 Is this in part why you knew the old relationship wasn’t working?
    1:45:07 Yes.
    1:45:09 Just fizzled?
    1:45:11 It fizzled.
    1:45:14 And I’m a very sexual person.
    1:45:17 Eroticism really matters to me.
    1:45:23 And to not have that be front and center felt like a death.
    1:45:28 And you tried to revive, keep alive.
    1:45:29 Yes, yes.
    1:45:32 People can relate.
    1:45:36 I know this because I see much of the feedback I get on the episodes where we talk about sex.
    1:45:43 People often are struggling with a dying, whimpering sex life.
    1:45:50 Again, I ask you, is there anything that can be done?
    1:45:52 Is it prevention?
    1:45:55 Is that the key here?
    1:45:59 Or is it about making sure you’re in a relationship with someone who’s sexually open-minded?
    1:46:04 And I also, I guess the third question here would be, was it ever good?
    1:46:09 So let me feel a way into answering your questions.
    1:46:14 I feel like there’s some sex differences too.
    1:46:23 Biological differences between what the male sexual response and the female sexual response.
    1:46:25 And that needs to be understood.
    1:46:31 I feel like when you have sexual dysfunction in a relationship, it’s a couple’s issue.
    1:46:33 It’s never one person or the other.
    1:46:37 It’s a couple’s issue that you want to address as a couple.
    1:46:42 What we know is that men are a little simpler.
    1:46:54 There tends to be desire, you know, this physiological change that occurs in terms of blood flow and erection.
    1:47:01 And then there’s a plateau phase and then orgasm, ejaculation.
    1:47:05 We can talk about separating ejaculation from orgasm in a minute.
    1:47:09 But in women, it’s more complicated.
    1:47:14 So that was the Masterson-Johnson way of thinking about the sexual response.
    1:47:15 Masterson-Johnson.
    1:47:16 Masterson-Johnson.
    1:47:18 And now we know…
    1:47:18 What’s that, sorry?
    1:47:23 Masterson-Johnson, they were sexologists that published this particular model.
    1:47:23 Yeah.
    1:47:30 And it wasn’t until maybe 15, 20 years ago that Rosemary Besson at the University of British Columbia
    1:47:32 found that women have a different response.
    1:47:34 It’s more circular.
    1:47:45 And it has to do with feeling emotionally connected in order to be receptive
    1:47:49 to having sex with their partner.
    1:47:53 Whereas men in some ways do the opposite.
    1:47:55 And I’m curious if this is true for you.
    1:47:58 They need to have sex in order to feel emotionally connected.
    1:48:06 Women actually need the emotional connection first to be receptive to sexuality.
    1:48:09 And so this leads to a lot of disconnect.
    1:48:14 And it includes things like, how many times in the past week did you empty the dishwasher?
    1:48:20 There are things that create emotional connection that a lot of men don’t realize.
    1:48:35 And then for women, they often don’t feel like the sexual response will not happen unless they
    1:48:36 feel emotionally connected.
    1:48:42 And this was part of the problem in my own marriage was that I didn’t feel that emotional
    1:48:42 connection.
    1:48:50 I tried really hard to establish that emotional connection, but I didn’t have it.
    1:48:52 I have it now.
    1:48:54 Is it related to the newness of my relationship?
    1:48:55 Maybe.
    1:49:07 And knowing that, knowing about the emotional connection, in some ways changes your homework as a man.
    1:49:11 Do you know what makes your girlfriend feel emotionally connected?
    1:49:15 Quality time, deep questions.
    1:49:16 Yes.
    1:49:20 The conversation cards.
    1:49:22 Oh, yes.
    1:49:23 Tell me about that.
    1:49:26 Well, we sell these conversation cards on this show.
    1:49:29 You can check in the description below if you want to buy them.
    1:49:33 But basically, at the end of the conversations on this podcast, the guests write a question
    1:49:36 in this diary in front of me for the next guest.
    1:49:39 And then these will become, yeah, thanks.
    1:49:42 These will become conversation cards.
    1:49:45 Unlock deeper levels of connection.
    1:49:46 Open up to open up.
    1:49:49 Level three is the more deep questions.
    1:49:50 Oh, I like it.
    1:49:53 I’m probably a level three person.
    1:49:54 You’re a level three person.
    1:49:55 I would imagine.
    1:49:56 You strike me as a level three person.
    1:49:58 You really do.
    1:49:59 But those kinds of things.
    1:50:02 So like deep, deep questions and spending time.
    1:50:03 And then that’s it.
    1:50:05 Can I see some of those level threes?
    1:50:06 Yeah, here are all your level threes.
    1:50:10 What is the most important thing we haven’t talked about that we should have talked about?
    1:50:13 Is there anything else?
    1:50:16 Sleep is something we didn’t talk about.
    1:50:22 When we think about the impact sleep has on our hormonal balance, is it important?
    1:50:23 Oh my gosh.
    1:50:26 Sleep is as close to a panacea as we have.
    1:50:29 When you say panacea, you mean like the Holy Grail?
    1:50:30 It is the Holy Grail.
    1:50:32 It is so critical for functioning.
    1:50:37 You know, what I see taken care of a lot of executives is that they think that they’re
    1:50:42 the exception, that they don’t need 7 to 8.5 hours of sleep every night.
    1:50:47 But only about 2% of the population has the short sleep gene.
    1:50:54 The rest of us need to optimize our sleep to the best of our ability.
    1:50:59 So what we know is that it affects your hormones inside of 24 hours.
    1:51:06 One bad night of sleep raises your insulin, raises your cortisol the next day, makes you
    1:51:09 more hungry, makes you more likely to crave carbohydrates.
    1:51:16 So just like you can create a negative cycle, you can create a positive cycle by optimizing
    1:51:17 your sleep.
    1:51:24 I’m a big fan of wearables because especially if you wake up in the morning and you don’t
    1:51:29 feel flush with sleep and fully restored and fully recovered, you want to understand the
    1:51:30 metrics.
    1:51:31 How much deep sleep did you get?
    1:51:33 How much REM sleep?
    1:51:36 How many interruptions did you have?
    1:51:37 Did you snore?
    1:51:39 What was your heart rate variability?
    1:51:41 What was your respiratory rate?
    1:51:48 So I feel like sleep is one of those lifestyle factors that we need to optimize.
    1:51:55 On my ketogenic diet, I noticed that my heart rate variability seems to go lower, which is scary.
    1:52:00 Do you see that a lot when people do these kind of more restrictive diets and they’re in ketosis?
    1:52:01 There can be.
    1:52:04 I mean, I would look at some of the other variables as well.
    1:52:07 And one of the things I really like is the 8 sleep.
    1:52:09 Have you used that at all?
    1:52:12 Yeah, I have the mattress.
    1:52:14 Did it help you with HRV?
    1:52:17 I believe it did.
    1:52:22 I had the results at the time, but I was sleeping really, really good on it.
    1:52:24 I still use my WHOOP, which hashtag add.
    1:52:27 I still use my WHOOP for my HRV.
    1:52:31 What are the things that you aim at when someone comes to you with low HRV?
    1:52:33 A lot of people want to improve their HRV.
    1:52:36 You kind of see it as this holy metric now.
    1:52:36 Sure.
    1:52:38 Well, I start with alcohol.
    1:52:46 So we know alcohol makes your HRV decline, not just for one night, but somewhere around seven to nine nights.
    1:52:47 That’s why I quit alcohol.
    1:52:48 Yes.
    1:52:54 The first time I put my WHOOP on and I saw the impact it had on my HRV, I thought, I’m not doing that again.
    1:52:58 And that’s exactly the kind of behavior change that I get excited about.
    1:53:10 So when you see the metrics and you see the reflection of, oh my gosh, my physiology is so much better off of alcohol, and there’s better choices than alcohol, you want to make that swap.
    1:53:13 And the behavior change sticks.
    1:53:17 So I like grounding.
    1:53:25 So I find when I get in the ocean, when I get in streams with bare feet, when I walk on the sand, that improves my HRV.
    1:53:29 The country that seems to improve my HRV the most is Costa Rica.
    1:53:31 There’s something about the aliveness there.
    1:53:33 My HRV doubles to triples.
    1:53:39 Microdosing mushrooms also raises my HRV quite significantly.
    1:53:46 We have a closing tradition on this podcast, like I said, where the last guest leaves a question for the next guest, not knowing who they’re leaving it for.
    1:53:57 And the question left for you is, what do you do every day to make a better brain and better world?
    1:54:09 What I do every day when I’m home in Marin County is I go outside when I wake up in the morning.
    1:54:19 And I look at the, I live on the ocean, and I look at the horizon, like I trace my eyes along the horizon.
    1:54:26 And I just was looking at the data on morning sun, because I didn’t quite believe it.
    1:54:29 Like it, supposedly it helps you with your circadian rhythm.
    1:54:32 It helps you with sleeping better.
    1:54:35 It helps you with melatonin production.
    1:54:38 It helps you with mood.
    1:54:39 It’s got all of these benefits.
    1:54:43 And some people say, you only need five or 10 minutes of morning sun.
    1:54:43 That’s sufficient.
    1:54:48 And so I started looking at the data, and you actually need more than that.
    1:55:01 Like you start to see a benefit around 30 minutes, but you need, you still keep improving some of these outcomes with longer, like up to two and a half hours.
    1:55:05 So the thing I do every day is I get morning light.
    1:55:15 And I trace the horizon, and I look at nature, and I remind myself that nature is the best way to regulate.
    1:55:17 That helps my brain.
    1:55:20 Sarah, thank you.
    1:55:22 Thank you so much for doing the work that you do.
    1:55:28 You’re an incredibly intriguing person in many respects, and you’re clearly helping so many people in so many wonderfully important ways.
    1:55:32 I highly recommend everybody go and check out the books that I have in front of me.
    1:55:34 There’s quite a few of them.
    1:55:35 I think there’s six in total.
    1:55:36 I’ve got three here.
    1:55:45 The Autoimmune Jaw, Healing the Traumas and Other Triggers That Have Turned Your Body Against You, is the book that I’m going to highly recommend.
    1:55:51 But I think this is the new one, and I’ve interviewed Paul Conte, who writes the recommendation for the book on the back of this.
    1:56:01 I’ve also got another book here called The Hormone Cure, which is all about reclaiming balance, sleep, and sex drive, maintaining a healthy weight, feeling focused, vital, and energized naturally.
    1:56:10 And one of the books that I was referencing as we were going, which is Woman, Food, and Hormones, a four-week plan to achieve hormonal balance, lose weight, and feel like yourself again.
    1:56:14 If people want to know more from you, they want to hear you, you have a new podcast, right?
    1:56:15 Yes.
    1:56:16 Where do we go to listen to your podcast?
    1:56:20 My website is sarahzallmd.com.
    1:56:23 And the podcast is called Treated with Dr. Sarah.
    1:56:28 That’s Sarah Zall spelt S-Z-A-L.
    1:56:29 That’s right.
    1:56:32 And the podcast is called Treated with Dr. Sarah.
    1:56:34 Thank you so much.
    1:56:35 Thank you so much, Stephen.
    1:56:39 We launched these conversation cards and they sold out.
    1:56:40 And we launched them again and they sold out again.
    1:56:42 We launched them again and they sold out again.
    1:56:47 Because people love playing these with colleagues at work, with friends at home, and also with family.
    1:56:50 And we’ve also got a big audience that use them as journal prompts.
    1:56:56 Every single time a guest comes on the diary of a CEO, they leave a question for the next guest in the diary.
    1:56:58 And I’ve sat here with some of the most incredible people in the world.
    1:57:01 And they’ve left all of these questions in the diary.
    1:57:05 And I’ve ranked them from one to three in terms of the depth.
    1:57:07 One being a starter question.
    1:57:14 And level three, if you look on the back here, this is a level three, becomes a much deeper question that builds even more connection.
    1:57:23 If you turn the cards over and you scan that QR code, you can see who answered the card and watch the video of them answering it in real time.
    1:57:30 So if you would like to get your hands on some of these conversation cards, go to thediary.com or look at the link in the description below.
    1:57:36 I find it incredibly fascinating that when we look at the back end of Spotify and Apple and our audio channels,
    1:57:43 the majority of people that watch this podcast haven’t yet hit the follow button or the subscribe button, wherever you’re listening to this.
    1:57:44 I would like to make a deal with you.
    1:57:52 If you could do me a huge favor and hit that subscribe button, I will work tirelessly from now until forever to make the show better and better and better and better.
    1:57:55 I can’t tell you how much it helps when you hit that subscribe button.
    1:58:01 The show gets bigger, which means we can expand the production, bring in all the guests you want to see and continue to doing this thing we love.
    1:58:05 If you could do me that small favor and hit the follow button, wherever you’re listening to this, that would mean the world to me.
    1:58:07 That is the only favor I will ever ask you.
    1:58:09 Thank you so much for your time.
    1:58:33 Thank you.
    Ba đến 75% phụ nữ không nhận được điều trị cho thời kỳ tiền mãn kinh và mãn kinh mà họ xứng đáng có được.
    Và phụ nữ đang đặt câu hỏi, tại sao tôi không thể quản lý căng thẳng như trước đây?
    Tại sao tôi lại có mỡ bụng mà không biết từ đâu ra?
    Và những kỹ thuật thường dùng của tôi để đối phó với điều đó không hiệu quả.
    Tại sao tôi lại thích lau sàn hơn là quan hệ tình dục với chồng?
    Nhưng có hơn 100 triệu chứng mà phụ nữ không nhận ra.
    Bạn có tin nhiều triệu chứng của mãn kinh là có thể tránh được không?
    Có. Và hãy cùng tìm hiểu về điều đó.
    Tiến sĩ Sarah Sal là bác sĩ đào tạo tại Harvard và là chuyên gia về hormone
    đang khám phá khoa học và những mẹo đơn giản để giúp bạn cảm thấy tốt nhất, bất kể độ tuổi của bạn.
    Hầu hết mọi người đều có hormone mất cân bằng.
    Hãy nghĩ về chúng như những tin nhắn mà cơ thể bạn gửi đi để giữ mọi thứ hoạt động một cách tối ưu.
    Nhưng ví dụ, trong số 40.000 người mà tôi đã xét nghiệm và điều trị,
    khoảng 90% trong số họ có vấn đề với hormone cortisol.
    Và nếu cơ thể tôi sản xuất quá nhiều cortisol, thì có hại gì không?
    Nó liên quan đến việc tăng mỡ bụng.
    Chúng ta biết rằng nó làm thu nhỏ não bộ ở phụ nữ, nhưng không phải ở nam giới.
    Nó liên quan đến trầm cảm.
    Nhưng cũng vậy, nếu bạn là người sản xuất nhiều cortisol, bạn sẽ sản xuất ít testosterone hơn.
    Và điều đó dẫn đến một loạt các vấn đề nghiêm trọng.
    Còn về chấn thương thì sao? Nó có ảnh hưởng đến hormone của bạn không?
    Ôi, có.
    Và một trong những cách để đo lường chấn thương là bài kiểm tra ACE.
    Đây là một bảng câu hỏi đã được xác nhận.
    Và họ thấy rằng những người có điểm ACE từ một trở lên có nguy cơ cao hơn về 45 bệnh mãn tính khác nhau.
    Và điểm của tôi là 6 trên 10.
    Nhưng những ACE này vẫn đang sống trong cơ thể bạn.
    Và bạn đã thực hiện một hành trình để tự chữa lành?
    Có.
    Với y học lối sống, không phải thuốc men.
    Hãy kể cho tôi về hành trình đó.
    Tôi thấy thật thú vị khi nhìn vào các dữ liệu phía sau của Spotify và Apple cũng như các kênh âm thanh của chúng tôi,
    hầu hết mọi người xem podcast này vẫn chưa nhấn nút theo dõi hoặc nút đăng ký, bất kể bạn đang nghe ở đâu.
    Tôi muốn đưa ra một đề nghị với bạn.
    Nếu bạn có thể làm một việc lớn giúp tôi và nhấn nút đăng ký, tôi sẽ làm việc không ngừng từ giờ cho đến mãi mãi để làm cho chương trình ngày càng tốt hơn.
    Tôi không thể nói với bạn rằng nó giúp ích như thế nào khi bạn nhấn nút đăng ký.
    Chương trình ngày càng lớn, điều này có nghĩa là chúng tôi có thể mở rộng sản xuất, đưa ra tất cả các khách mời mà bạn muốn thấy và tiếp tục làm điều mà chúng tôi yêu thích.
    Nếu bạn có thể giúp tôi một việc nhỏ là nhấn nút theo dõi, bất kể bạn đang nghe ở đâu, điều đó sẽ có ý nghĩa lớn đối với tôi.
    Đó là điều duy nhất tôi sẽ từng yêu cầu bạn.
    Cảm ơn bạn rất nhiều vì đã dành thời gian.
    Sarah Azal, bạn làm gì cho mọi người?
    Tôi là một bác sĩ.
    Vì vậy, tôi làm việc trong y học học thuật.
    Tôi nghiên cứu cho mọi người.
    Tôi giảng dạy và chăm sóc bệnh nhân.
    Vì vậy, đó là câu trả lời chính thức.
    Câu trả lời không chính thức là tôi là một người chữa lành.
    Và điều đó có nghĩa gì, một người chữa lành?
    Bởi vì đó là một thuật ngữ rộng.
    Nó có thể có nhiều nghĩa khác nhau.
    Nó có nghĩa là nhiệm vụ của tôi là một người chữa lành.
    Đó là kết nối với khả năng tự chữa lành bẩm sinh của bạn và làm việc cùng bạn để kích hoạt nó.
    Và bạn làm điều đó cho ai?
    Vậy tôi làm điều đó cho các vận động viên chuyên nghiệp, điều hành và những người bình thường.
    Và khi bạn nói về việc chữa lành, nếu có ai đó đến nói với bạn, làm thế nào bạn chữa lành mọi người?
    Câu trả lời của tôi là tôi không chữa lành mọi người.
    Đối với tôi, đó là một cách suy nghĩ theo kiểu gia trưởng.
    Điều tôi làm là làm việc với ai đó có khả năng tự chữa lành.
    Và chúng tôi làm việc để phục vụ điều đó.
    Vì vậy, không phải tôi cung cấp thứ gì đó mà họ không có sẵn.
    Mà là hiểu những trở ngại có thể cản trở quá trình chữa lành của họ.
    Hiểu những gì cho phép họ trở thành phiên bản tốt nhất của chính mình, để cảm thấy thực sự sống động.
    Và bạn đã được đào tạo như thế nào?
    Vậy bạn có thể chia sẻ hành trình học vấn của mình không?
    Chắc chắn rồi.
    Vậy quá trình đào tạo của tôi là kỹ sư sinh học.
    Tôi đã tham gia chương trình Harvard-MIT, được thiết kế để đào tạo các bác sĩ khoa học.
    Vì vậy, ethos của chương trình này là đào tạo các nhà nghiên cứu và bác sĩ học viện tương lai
    để chúng tôi có thể tiến xa hơn trong lĩnh vực này.
    Và trong suốt thời gian đó, tôi thực sự quan tâm đến việc làm thế nào để kết hợp những gì tốt nhất của y học hiện đại với những cách suy nghĩ cổ xưa hơn về cơ thể?
    Những điều như Ayurveda từ Ấn Độ hoặc y học cổ truyền Trung Quốc.
    Làm thế nào chúng ta có thể tiếp thu các truyền thống tri thức này và sử dụng chúng để thông báo cho y học chính thống?
    Vì vậy, đó là loại chăm sóc mà tôi đã học được.
    Tôi trở thành một bác sĩ phẫu thuật.
    Tôi làm bác sĩ chăm sóc chính sau khi hoàn thành khóa đào tạo về sản khoa và phụ khoa, nhưng tôi cũng nhận ra từ rất sớm rằng tôi muốn chăm sóc cả nam giới.
    Vì vậy, tôi đã làm điều đó trong khoảng 15 năm qua.
    Và tôi sẽ nói rằng quá trình đào tạo của tôi trong kỹ thuật sinh học và sự thoải mái với dữ liệu lớn và tối ưu hóa các bộ dữ liệu để cải thiện bất kỳ mục tiêu nào, như hiệu suất hoặc có những cuộc trò chuyện tốt nhất trên một podcast, đó là điều khiến tôi phấn khích.
    Bạn nghĩ rằng bạn đã điều trị, nhìn thấy hoặc làm việc trực tiếp với bao nhiêu người trong sự nghiệp của mình?
    Có lẽ khoảng 40.000.
    Và nếu bạn phải cố gắng tóm tắt có lẽ ba hoặc năm điều hàng đầu mà bạn đang làm cho họ, bạn sẽ nói gì?
    Vâng, điều số một sẽ là hormone.
    Hormone là cổng mà hầu hết mọi người bắt đầu với tôi.
    Đó là một cách nghĩ về những gì thúc đẩy những gì bạn quan tâm.
    Hầu hết mọi người đều có hormone mất cân bằng.
    Tôi chưa phát hiện rằng bạn có điều đó.
    Nhưng hầu hết mọi người gặp vấn đề, chẳng hạn như với cortisol, hoặc sản xuất quá nhiều hoặc quá ít hoặc thậm chí cả hai trong cùng một ngày.
    Và nó ảnh hưởng đến năng lượng.
    Nó ảnh hưởng đến ty thể.
    Vì vậy, tôi sẽ nói rằng điều đầu tiên tôi giúp mọi người là hormone của họ, đưa hormone của họ trở lại cân bằng, bắt đầu bằng y học lối sống, không phải thuốc men.
    Vì vậy, điều đó bao gồm cả các bài tập thở, mà tôi nghĩ là một trong những công cụ bị chưa được sử dụng nhiều nhất mà chúng ta có trong sức khỏe.
    Số hai là dinh dưỡng. Nhưng nâng lên một tầm cao hơn, không phải điều mà bạn có thể nghĩ đến khi một chuyên gia dinh dưỡng tư vấn cho bạn, mà là kế hoạch thực phẩm lý tưởng cụ thể cho bạn, cho các mục tiêu của bạn? Vậy thì dù bạn là một doanh nhân, người làm podcast và nhà đầu tư, hoặc bạn là một cầu thủ bóng rổ chuyên nghiệp, hoặc bạn là một người phụ nữ trong giai đoạn tiền mãn kinh ở tuổi 42, dưỡng chất tối ưu cho bạn là gì? Và chúng tôi có thể đo lường điều đó. Chúng tôi có thể xem xét sự tương tác giữa gen của bạn và những gì bạn ăn để xem làm thế nào chúng tôi có thể cá nhân hóa điều này.
    Điều thứ ba tôi muốn nói là phòng ngừa. Và phòng ngừa là một điều khó để bán. Bạn biết đấy, nhiều người chỉ không muốn đầu tư vào phòng ngừa. Thế nhưng, tôi chăm sóc cho những người nằm trong tình trạng từ sức khỏe đến tình trạng tiền bệnh, chẳng hạn như tiền đái tháo đường, ví dụ điển hình. Nếu họ không làm gì về điều đó, họ sẽ tiến tới bệnh đái tháo đường. Vì vậy, tôi thích can thiệp càng sớm càng tốt để đảo ngược bệnh tật. Và hầu hết điều đó là do lối sống. Đó là những điều mà tôi thường làm việc cùng.
    Tôi làm rất nhiều về sức khỏe chuyển hóa vì nó cực kỳ quan trọng cho năng lượng mà bạn cảm nhận mỗi ngày. Bạn có một trải nghiệm rất đa dạng với tư cách là bác sĩ kiêm người chữa lành. Có vẻ như bạn đã thực sự có rất nhiều điểm tham chiếu trong sự nghiệp mà bạn đã rút ra. Và cuối cùng, bạn đã trở thành Giám đốc Y học Chính xác tại Viện Marcus ở Philadelphia? Đúng vậy.
    Y học chính xác, thuật ngữ đó. Nó khác với y học thông thường như thế nào? Nó khá khác biệt. Tôi tin rằng y học thông thường, hiện đại đã bị hỏng. Tôi cảm thấy có rất nhiều người thất bại bởi hệ thống y tế hiện tại của chúng ta, đặc biệt là những người bị bệnh mãn tính, như bệnh tiểu đường, bệnh tự miễn. Vì vậy, với y học chính thống, điều thường xảy ra là bạn phát triển một tình trạng, chẳng hạn như cholesterol cao, và bạn được điều trị bằng một loại thuốc, chẳng hạn như statin. Và điều chúng ta biết là phải điều trị khoảng 100 đến 200 bệnh nhân thì mới có một người hưởng lợi. Vì vậy, tôi sẽ định nghĩa điều đó là y học không chính xác.
    Trong khi y học chính xác là nơi chúng tôi hiểu bạn như một cá nhân, chúng tôi nhìn vào bản thiết kế gen của bạn, chúng tôi xem xét các dấu hiệu sinh học của bạn, chúng tôi xem dữ liệu từ các thiết bị đeo được của bạn, để xác định các thí nghiệm NF1, nơi bạn là người kiểm soát cuộc thử nghiệm của chính mình và tìm hiểu điều gì sẽ là hiệu quả nhất cho bạn, tùy thuộc vào mục tiêu của bạn là gì. NF1, bạn có ý nghĩa là cá nhân đó là nghiên cứu, họ là cuộc thí nghiệm. Đúng vậy. Bạn không nhìn vào các kích cỡ mẫu rộng lớn.
    Vấn đề gì với y học thông thường? Bạn đã sử dụng thuật ngữ rằng nó bị hỏng. Vậy điều gì sai sót trong cách tiếp cận đó? Có một vài điều sai. Một điều là nó đã trở thành y học cho số đông. Khi bạn xem xét các bằng chứng khoa học và xếp hạng chúng, điều được coi là hình thức bằng chứng cao nhất là thử nghiệm ngẫu nhiên. Nhưng thử nghiệm ngẫu nhiên chủ yếu liên quan đến việc sử dụng một loại thuốc. Vì vậy, trong ví dụ mà tôi vừa nêu, sử dụng statin để giúp ai đó kiểm soát cholesterol của họ, có lẽ là giúp ngăn ngừa cơn đau tim. Kẻ giết người số một. Vấn đề là, từ các thử nghiệm ngẫu nhiên, chúng ta đưa ra phương thuốc cho số đông. Và điều đó không liên quan đến sức khỏe tối ưu. Nó tập trung vào việc, được rồi, bệnh tim là kẻ giết người số một. Làm thế nào để chúng ta giúp mọi người ngăn ngừa nó? Ôi, y học lối sống ngăn ngừa 70% trong số đó? Thì chúng ta sẽ không làm điều đó vì chúng ta không thể kiếm tiền từ nó. Không có động cơ lợi nhuận. Vì vậy, chúng ta sẽ tập trung vào những loại thuốc này thay vào đó. Ồ, GLP-1s. Nghe có vẻ như một ý tưởng hay. Hãy thử điều đó và giải quyết các vấn đề với GLP-1s.
    Vì vậy, đối với tôi, có nhiều lớp lý do tại sao hệ thống chăm sóc sức khỏe bị hỏng. Nhưng một lĩnh vực chính là 70% các bệnh mà chúng ta đang phải đối mặt ngay bây giờ là hoàn toàn có thể phòng ngừa bằng y học lối sống. 70%.Bạn đã sử dụng từ cân bằng hormone trước đây, và bạn nói rằng đó là cổng mà mọi người thường tìm đến bạn. Tôi thực sự không biết nhiều về hormone, và có lẽ cũng không phải là điều mà người bình thường nghĩ rằng họ có thể làm gì nhiều, tôi nghĩ vậy. Bởi vì việc đo lường hormone của chúng ta không dễ dàng, đúng không? Chà, bạn có thể đo nó trong máu. Vì vậy, không khó để đo hormone, nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng trong y học chính thống, chúng ta được dạy để nói với mọi người rằng hormone của họ thay đổi quá nhiều, và vì vậy không đáng để đo lường. Vâng, đó là điều tôi đã nghe trước đây. Đó là điều bạn đã nghe, nhưng nếu bạn là một người phụ nữ 34 tuổi và bạn đang cố gắng mang thai mà gặp khó khăn, trong tình huống đó, chúng tôi sẽ đo từng hormone. Chúng tôi sẽ xem xét hormone tuyến giáp, cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, những hormone kiểm soát, như hormone kích thích nang. Và tuy nhiên, bằng cách nào đó trong tình huống đó, việc kiểm tra đáng tin cậy hơn, nhưng không phải trong trường hợp khác. Điều đó không hợp lý. Đó là tiêu chuẩn kép.
    Tại sao bạn chọn nghề này? Có điều gì trong cuộc sống, tuổi thơ của bạn đã dẫn bạn đến con đường này? Tôi sẽ nói rằng đó là việc lớn lên với một lượng tổn thương khá lớn. Và, bạn biết đấy, điều tôi đã học về tổn thương là nó ít liên quan đến những gì thực sự đã xảy ra với bạn. Đó là cách mà nó được tích hợp trong hệ thống cơ thể của bạn. Đối với tôi, cha mẹ tôi đã ly dị khi tôi còn rất nhỏ. Tôi lớn lên với vai trò là một người giúp đỡ. Và tôi nhận ra rằng bằng cách trở thành ai đó thực sự quan tâm đến người khác và đồng cảm với năng lượng của họ và giúp họ đạt được mục tiêu của họ, điều đó đã giữ cho tôi rất an toàn. Và vì vậy, có một cách nào đó mà, nó rất cộng hưởng với tôi để tìm hiểu về y học. Một trong những điều chúng ta biết về những người vào ngành y là họ thường có một lượng tổn thương khá lớn dẫn đến việc trở thành người giúp đỡ theo cách này. Tổn thương đó là gì? Vì vậy, có rất nhiều cách khác nhau để đo lường tổn thương. Một trong những cách mà tôi thấy hữu ích là cái được gọi là Trải nghiệm Căng thẳng Thời Thơ Ấu. Vậy là ACE viết tắt. Tôi nghĩ tôi có nó đây.
    Ôi, bạn có phải không?
    Đây là một bảng khảo sát.
    Vì vậy, điểm số của tôi là 6 trên 10.
    Về việc ly hôn trong thời thơ ấu, cha mẹ tôi ly hôn khi tôi khoảng một tuổi.
    Đó là một trong sáu điều.
    Những điều khác là lạm dụng, bỏ mặc, lạm dụng tình cảm, lạm dụng thể xác, có một phụ huynh mắc chứng rối loạn sử dụng chất.
    Vì vậy, những điều mà bạn biết đấy, không phải là một danh sách đầy đủ, nhưng đây là bảng khảo sát đã được xác thực và được sử dụng trong những năm 1990 và được tìm thấy ở những người trung niên.
    Bạn chưa hoàn toàn trung niên, nhưng đối với những người từ 40 đến 65 tuổi, họ đã phát hiện rằng những người có điểm ACE cao hơn, từ một trở lên, thì có nguy cơ cao hơn về 45 bệnh mãn tính khác nhau.
    Sự quan trọng của việc chúng ta hiểu về sự nuôi dưỡng từ nhỏ và chấn thương của mình là gì nếu chúng ta muốn chữa lành như những người lớn?
    Bởi vì bạn đã nói rằng nếu bạn có điểm số cao trong điểm ACE này, điểm số chấn thương này, bảng khảo sát này về chấn thương thời thơ ấu, thì khi là người lớn, bạn có nhiều khả năng mắc phải nhiều loại bệnh khác nhau.
    Vì vậy, chúng ta có cần chữa lành cơ thể mình theo cách nào đó để tránh việc mắc phải những bệnh đó không?
    Có.
    Và đó là câu hỏi then chốt.
    Vì vậy, nếu bạn biết rằng bạn có điểm ACE cao, và có rất nhiều người có điểm số bằng không, khoảng 40% nam giới, khoảng 30% nữ giới.
    Và điều chúng tôi biết là nếu bạn có nguy cơ cao về 45 tình trạng mãn tính khác nhau, thì có một cách mà những ACE đó đang sống trong cơ thể bạn trừ khi bạn giải quyết chúng.
    Và chính việc chúng sống trong cơ thể bạn mà chúng tôi muốn chú ý đến.
    Vì vậy, đối với một số người, đó là hệ miễn dịch của họ.
    Và điều này dẫn đến nhiều dị ứng hơn, quá tải histamine, nhiều tình trạng không dung nạp thực phẩm, có thể là tự miễn, nơi hệ miễn dịch của họ tấn công các mô của chính họ, có thể là bệnh tự miễn.
    Có những người khác có sự mất cân bằng hệ thần kinh nhiều hơn, có thể họ gặp lo âu, trầm cảm hoặc rối loạn căng thẳng sau chấn thương, các vấn đề về sức khỏe tâm thần.
    Và đối với những người khác, có thể là nhiều về nội tiết.
    Họ có vấn đề với cortisol mãn tính.
    Đó là hormone.
    Vâng.
    Nó biểu hiện như thế nào trong sức khỏe thể chất của bạn?
    Vì vậy, tôi không bắt đầu nhận thức điều này cho đến tận những năm 30 của mình.
    Nhưng điều tôi phát hiện là tôi đã mắc trầm cảm.
    Tôi gặp hội chứng tiền kinh nguyệt.
    Tôi sinh con đầu lòng khi tôi 32 tuổi, và tôi không thể giảm cân sau khi sinh.
    Và khi tất cả những điều này xảy ra, và tôi là một bác sĩ, tôi đã đến gặp bác sĩ của mình để xin giúp đỡ.
    Và ông ấy đã gợi ý tôi dùng Prozac cho trầm cảm và các vấn đề tâm trạng.
    Đó là một viên thuốc chống trầm cảm.
    Một loại thuốc ức chế tái hấp thu serotonin chọn lọc.
    Để tôi dùng thuốc tránh thai vì tôi nghe có vẻ như đang gặp vấn đề về hormone.
    Và tôi bắt đầu tập thể dục nhiều hơn và ăn ít lại.
    Vì vậy, đó là phương pháp điều trị của ông ấy.
    Và đó là phương pháp điều trị y học chính thống điển hình.
    Nhưng tôi không hài lòng với điều đó.
    Tôi cảm thấy như, điều đó dường như không đúng.
    Và tôi rời văn phòng của ông ấy và đến phòng thí nghiệm.
    Đặt hàng bộ hormone của riêng tôi.
    Và phát hiện rằng mức cortisol của tôi cao gấp ba lần so với mức bình thường.
    Vì vậy, có một khoảng tối ưu cho cortisol.
    Trong máu, khoảng từ 10 đến 15 vào buổi sáng.
    Từ 6 đến 10 vào buổi chiều.
    Và của tôi là 30.
    Tôi cũng đã xem mức glucose và insulin lúc nhịn ăn của mình.
    Và tôi đã có tiền tiểu đường trong những năm 30 của mình.
    Tôi không hề biết.
    Không ai kiểm tra điều này.
    Vì vậy, tôi đang trả lời câu hỏi của bạn về việc những ACE này thể hiện như thế nào trong cơ thể tôi.
    Chúng tôi biết rằng những trải nghiệm thời thơ ấu bất lợi liên quan đến các vấn đề về đường huyết và nguy cơ cao hơn về tiền tiểu đường và tiểu đường, mà tôi đã mắc phải.
    Chúng tôi biết rằng chúng liên quan đến căng thẳng mãn tính và các vấn đề cortisol, căng thẳng cảm nhận cao, bất kể căng thẳng có hiện hữu hay không.
    Nó cũng dẫn đến, khi tôi bắt đầu sử dụng thiết bị đeo, tính biến đổi nhịp tim thấp, thời gian giữa mỗi nhịp tim của tôi.
    Và đó là một thước đo của hệ thần kinh giao cảm, chiến đấu, chạy trốn, đông cứng, chiều lòng, so với hệ thần kinh phó giao cảm, nơi mà sự chữa lành xảy ra.
    Và bạn đã bắt đầu một hành trình để tự chữa lành.
    Vâng.
    Cho tôi biết về hành trình đó.
    Vì vậy, trong những năm 30, đây là một bước ngoặt lớn đối với tôi vì tôi nhận ra rằng tôi không được đào tạo.
    Tôi không được giáo dục.
    Mặc dù tôi đã có một nền giáo dục xuất sắc, nhưng tôi không được đào tạo để giúp điều này.
    Không ai dạy tôi về các vấn đề cortisol và cách quản lý chúng.
    Ý tôi là, tôi được dạy về các trường hợp cực đoan của bệnh Cushing, nghĩa là mức cortisol rất cao, và bệnh Addison, mà JFK đã mắc phải.
    Và đó là khi các tuyến thượng thận của bạn ở phía trên thận không tạo ra cortisol.
    Vì vậy, tôi được dạy về các trường hợp cực đoan, nhưng tôi không được dạy về tất cả những người sống ở giữa với các vấn đề về cortisol của họ.
    Vì vậy, đây là lúc tôi bắt đầu áp dụng tài liệu khoa học vào tình huống của mình vì tôi muốn cảm thấy tốt hơn.
    Tôi cảm thấy già so với tuổi, và tôi có rất nhiều mỡ bụng, và tôi đang trên con đường lão hóa nhanh chóng.
    Vì vậy, tôi làm điều này để giúp bản thân, nhưng sau đó tôi cũng muốn giúp đỡ bệnh nhân của mình.
    Và tôi cảm thấy như tôi cần phải đi sâu hơn và hiểu những gì chúng ta có thể làm để điều trị chấn thương và cũng để điều trị các chỉ số gần gũi hơn mà chúng ta đang đo lường,
    như với cortisol, với biến đổi nhịp tim, với đường huyết.
    Vậy bước một đối với bạn là gì?
    Bước một là sự nhận thức.
    Okay.
    Và tôi không hề biết.
    Đây không phải là thứ mà hầu hết các bác sĩ đều kiểm tra.
    Thật điên rồ khi bạn là một bác sĩ, nhưng bạn không biết phần sức khỏe này.
    Ý tôi là, làm sao bạn có thể giúp bất kỳ ai nếu bạn không hiểu sức khỏe từ một góc độ toàn diện hơn?
    Đó là một điểm quan trọng.
    Vì vậy, tôi được dạy ở Harvard rằng nếu bạn có vấn đề về đường huyết, nếu bạn có tiền tiểu đường và tiểu đường, phương pháp điều trị là thay đổi lối sống.
    Đó là cách hiệu quả nhất để thay đổi thức ăn bạn ăn, tăng cường tập thể dục, quản lý căng thẳng theo cách khác.
    Và dẫu vậy, tôi không được dạy làm thế nào để giúp bệnh nhân của mình làm bất kỳ điều gì trong số đó.
    Tôi được dạy cách kê toa thuốc để điều trị, như metformin hoặc một số phương pháp điều trị khác.
    Nhưng tôi không được dạy cách thực hành y học lối sống.
    Tôi chỉ có 30 phút về dinh dưỡng.
    Vì vậy, vâng, điều này thật sự điên rồ.
    Họ đã dạy bạn 30 phút về dinh dưỡng?
    Vâng.
    Trong khóa đào tạo nào vậy?
    Đây là trường y.
    Và tôi cũng nhận được khoảng thời gian tương tự về tiền mãn kinh và mãn kinh.
    Thật sao?
    Ý tôi là, điều đó giải thích rất nhiều.
    Vâng, đúng vậy.
    Về hệ thống y tế.
    Vậy, bước đầu tiên là nhận thức.
    Bước thứ hai là gì?
    Bước thứ hai là, khoa học nói gì với chúng ta?
    Và nếu chúng ta dựa vào những gì khoa học cho biết, thường áp dụng cho một quần thể, điều đó sẽ chuẩn bị cho chúng ta bước ba, đó là các thí nghiệm cá nhân.
    Thử nghiệm trên bản thân và sau đó đo lường.
    Đúng rồi.
    Khi chúng ta nghĩ về cortisol, đó là dấu hiệu đầu tiên mà bạn thấy tăng lên, chúng ta nghĩ về căng thẳng.
    Vì vậy, chúng ta nghĩ rằng chúng ta có cortisol nếu chúng ta bị căng thẳng.
    Vì vậy, cái đầu ngốc nghếch của tôi đã nghĩ, ồ, bạn chỉ cần giảm bớt căng thẳng, Sarah.
    Vì vậy, bạn chỉ cần đi nghỉ mát.
    Và sau đó cortisol của bạn sẽ giảm xuống.
    Tôi cũng từng nghĩ như vậy.
    Và rồi tôi quay trở lại từ kỳ nghỉ và vẫn gặp vấn đề với cortisol.
    Vì vậy, căng thẳng là một phần của nó, nhưng cortisol thì rất thú vị.
    Những hormone mà chúng ta đang nói đến, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, insulin, không phải là một nền dân chủ.
    Chúng không có vị trí ngang nhau.
    Cortisol giống như một ông trùm, đặc biệt nếu nó không cân bằng.
    Bạn cần cortisol để sống.
    Trong khi đó, bạn có thể sống mà không cần testosterone, estrogen, progesterone.
    Không thể sống thiếu insulin.
    Nhưng cortisol rất quan trọng trong việc giúp bạn với hệ thống miễn dịch, giúp bạn với lượng đường trong máu và chỉ quản lý phản ứng căng thẳng.
    Vì vậy, nó không đơn giản như việc nghĩ cách thoát khỏi tình trạng cortisol cao hay thấp.
    Và có những cách mà cơ thể bạn có thể bị mắc kẹt trong một mẫu hình tạo ra quá nhiều cortisol hoặc không đủ cortisol.
    Và nếu cơ thể tôi sản xuất quá nhiều cortisol và mức độ của tôi quá cao, thì điều gì sẽ xảy ra?
    Hại của nó là nó liên quan đến trầm cảm.
    Khoảng 50% những người có cortisol cao.
    50% những người mắc trầm cảm có cortisol cao.
    Nó được sử dụng bởi một số nhà tâm thần học như là một dấu hiệu tự sát.
    Nó liên quan đến việc có nhiều mỡ bụng hơn.
    Và vì vậy, các thụ thể mỡ, các tế bào mỡ trong bụng của bạn có thêm các thụ thể cho cortisol.
    Vì vậy, đó là một cách để làm tăng mỡ bụng của bạn.
    Chúng ta biết rằng nó làm co não ở phụ nữ, nhưng không phải ở nam giới.
    Bắt đầu từ giữa tuổi trung niên, bắt đầu từ 40 tuổi, không phải là vấn đề của tuổi già.
    Và điều này đã được chứng minh theo nhiều cách khác nhau.
    Có một nghiên cứu từ Đại học Texas ở San Antonio cho thấy rằng phụ nữ trong độ tuổi 40 có cortisol cao có sự co lại của tổng thể tích não.
    Và sau đó, Lisa Moscone tại Cornell cũng chỉ ra trong một nghiên cứu xem xét ở nam và nữ rằng phụ nữ có cortisol cao cũng có sự co lại của tổng thể tích não.
    Và họ bắt đầu gặp khó khăn trong việc sử dụng glucose làm nhiên liệu cho não.
    Điều này sẽ dẫn đến loại hành vi nào?
    Chà, điều đó làm bạn mệt mỏi.
    Nó làm cho bạn có năng lượng não chậm lại.
    Và tôi có thể nhận thấy hầu hết bạn không gặp phải điều đó.
    Nhưng nếu bạn gặp phải, có một cách mà não của bạn vì thế mà chậm lại, bạn cảm thấy mờ mịt, bạn không thể đa nhiệm và giữ nhịp với mọi thứ.
    Có sự liên kết nào giữa cortisol và chấn thương không?
    Ôi, có.
    Liên kết đó là gì?
    Đối với những người trải qua căng thẳng độc hại hay chấn thương, những gì thường xảy ra là cortisol tăng lên.
    Đó là một phần của báo động, phản ứng căng thẳng của cơ thể.
    Những gì chúng ta biết là đối với những người đã trải qua chấn thương nghiêm trọng và họ mắc hội chứng rối loạn stress sau chấn thương,
    các cá nhân đó có lẽ đã trải qua một khoảng thời gian có cortisol cao và giờ họ không còn có thể duy trì được nữa.
    Và họ đang ở trong trạng thái cortisol thấp.
    Những thứ nào trên thế giới hiện nay đang làm rối loạn hormone của chúng ta?
    Bởi vì chủ đề hormone đã trở nên ngày càng phổ biến.
    Và tôi biết có những hormone như cortisol, mà chúng ta đã nói về, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, insulin, glucose.
    Những điều lớn nào đang làm rối loạn hormone của chúng ta hiện nay?
    Bởi vì tôi muốn chắc chắn rằng hormone của tôi đang được kiểm soát.
    Vì vậy, tôi là một người đàn ông và tôi chắc chắn rằng một số hormone này, như estrogen, có, tôi nghĩ, liên quan nhiều hơn đến phụ nữ.
    Không, điều đó cũng quan trọng đối với nam giới.
    Ôi, thật sao?
    Vì vậy, estrogen và progesterone rất quan trọng đối với nam giới.
    Và nó, bạn biết đấy, nó liên quan đến sức mạnh xương, progesterone liên quan đến giấc ngủ ở nam giới.
    Vì vậy, mức độ của chúng thấp hơn ở nam giới và testosterone của bạn cao hơn khoảng 10 lần.
    Nhưng ở phụ nữ và nam giới, chúng đều quan trọng.
    Vậy, điều gì đang làm rối loạn hormone của chúng ta?
    Tôi sẽ nói rằng đó là tiếp xúc với độc tố.
    Vì vậy, có các chất gây rối loạn nội tiết.
    Có hơn 700 chất gây rối loạn nội tiết đã biết.
    Những thứ như bisphenol A, như lớp nhựa mà bạn thấy trong hộp hoặc trong các đồ chứa nhựa, container nước.
    Có sản phẩm chăm sóc da, mà phụ nữ tiếp xúc nhiều hơn.
    Những thứ như kem dưỡng ẩm và trang điểm và các sản phẩm khác chứa chất gây rối loạn nội tiết, như paraben.
    Và có các chất chống cháy mà chúng ta tiếp xúc.
    Vì vậy, có một nhóm các chất gây rối loạn nội tiết.
    Và sau đó, hiện tại có vẻ như chúng ta đang bị rối loạn nhiều hơn bao giờ hết mà tôi từng thấy.
    Và tôi không chắc nguyên nhân là gì.
    Tôi không biết liệu đây có phải là hiệu ứng sau đại dịch hay là một phần của những gì mà chúng ta đang trải qua ở Hoa Kỳ với sự thay đổi lãnh đạo.
    Nó chỉ cảm thấy như có một sự rối loạn mà tôi chưa từng thấy trong sự nghiệp của mình.
    Bạn có nhận thấy điều đó không?
    Bạn có thấy điều đó ở bệnh nhân của mình không?
    Tôi thấy điều đó trong bệnh nhân của mình.
    Tôi thấy trong dữ liệu đeo được của họ.
    Tôi thấy trong sự biến đổi nhịp tim.
    Tôi thấy trong mức cortisol mà tôi đang đo.
    Bạn đã hỏi tôi có nhận thấy không.
    Ý tôi là, thế giới càng trở nên kỹ thuật số, tôi nghĩ tôi đã thấy nhiều sự rối loạn hơn.
    Và rõ ràng chúng ta đang tiến xa hơn theo hướng đó với tốc độ nhanh chóng, đặc biệt với những thứ như AI giờ đây và các thuật toán ngày càng trở nên thông minh và gây nghiện.
    Vâng.
    Tôi thấy điều đó.
    Xin chào, vừa có sự thay đổi trong thuật toán, tôi nghĩ rằng các thuật toán mạng xã hội sẽ cạnh tranh với nhau để xem ai có thể giữ chân bạn lâu nhất. Để làm được điều đó, họ phải thu hút sự chú ý của bạn. Cách dễ nhất để thu hút sự chú ý của bạn là hiển thị cho bạn những điều có thể gây rối loạn cảm xúc. Vì vậy, nếu bạn cần tham gia vào cuộc sống của tôi và tối ưu hóa cuộc sống của tôi để đảm bảo hormone của tôi luôn trong tình trạng kiểm soát, bạn sẽ loại bỏ nhựa và độc tố khỏi cuộc sống hàng ngày, từ phòng tắm của tôi, v.v. Tôi sẽ xem xét sản phẩm chăm sóc da của bạn, sản phẩm vệ sinh của bạn, chất lượng không khí của bạn. Tôi có thể cài đặt một vài máy lọc không khí nếu bạn chưa có. Tôi muốn biết về mức độ căng thẳng của bạn bởi vì bạn là người hoạt động ở một mức độ rất cao. Tôi sẽ giả định rằng bạn đã tìm ra mức độ căng thẳng phù hợp, nơi mà không quá ít để không hiệu quả, nhưng cũng không quá nhiều đến mức có tác động tiêu cực về mặt sinh lý. Vâng. Sau đó… Tôi muốn xem xét chế độ ăn uống của bạn. Tôi muốn biết bạn đang tiêu thụ bao nhiêu protein. Bạn có đang nhận đủ lượng carbohydrate không? Có vẻ như bạn đang nhận đủ. Bạn có sử dụng chúng tốt không? Thế nào là thiết bị theo dõi glucose liên tục? Dinh dưỡng của bạn ra sao? Vitamin D của bạn là bao nhiêu? Những thứ như vậy. Bạn là một người hâm mộ lớn của các thiết bị theo dõi glucose liên tục, phải không? Đúng vậy. Tôi nghĩ nó cung cấp phản hồi theo thời gian thực, phản hồi ngay lập tức về thực phẩm mà bạn đang ăn. Tôi chưa thấy điều gì khác thay đổi hành vi như một thiết bị theo dõi glucose liên tục. Và cho những ai không biết, đó là miếng dán nhỏ bạn dán lên cánh tay mình và nó cho bạn biết mức đường huyết của bạn theo thời gian thực, gửi thẳng đến điện thoại của bạn. Đường. Đường có phải là kẻ thù không? Tôi không nghĩ đường là kẻ thù. Tôi nghĩ kẻ thù là cách mà chúng ta tiêu thụ nó nhiều đến mức thừa. Cách mà chúng ta sử dụng nó để thay đổi trạng thái cảm xúc của chúng ta. Và chúng ta biết những người có những trải nghiệm khó khăn khi còn nhỏ, họ có xu hướng bị rối loạn ăn uống nhiều hơn. Họ có xu hướng gặp khó khăn trong việc điều chỉnh lượng đường họ tiêu thụ. Khi bạn điều trị cho bệnh nhân, bạn có tập trung nhiều vào mức đường huyết của họ không? Có, vì tôi nghĩ đó là một chỉ số quan trọng về cách mà hóa sinh trong cơ thể, sự trao đổi chất, đang hoạt động. Nó cho tôi biết về ti thể của họ. Nó cho tôi biết về cách mà họ sản xuất năng lượng. ATP từng phần một. Hợp chất này, chỉ số về năng lượng mà bạn sản xuất bên trong tất cả các tế bào của bạn. Được gọi là ATP? ATP. Và ATP đó thì điều khiển, vâng, nó điều khiển mọi thứ chúng ta làm. ATP là nhiên liệu. Vì vậy, nó cho phép bạn cảm thấy mình được năng lượng đầy đủ, đặc biệt là khi bạn thức dậy vào buổi sáng. Và có bất kỳ loại bổ sung nào mà tôi nên dùng nếu tôi đang cố gắng tối ưu hóa cân bằng hormone của mình không? Chà, tôi phải xem xét tổng thể của bạn. Nhưng hầu hết chúng ta đều thừa hưởng khoảng năm đến bảy điểm yếu di truyền. Và thường thì chúng ta muốn làm việc xung quanh những điều đó. Ví dụ, đối với tôi, thụ thể vitamin D của tôi không hoạt động tốt. Nó không hoạt động hiệu quả. Vì vậy, tôi phải dùng mức vitamin D cao hơn để duy trì lượng vitamin D cơ bản trong hệ thống của tôi ở mức bình thường. Vì vậy, chúng ta cần xem xét những điều đó. Chúng ta sẽ xem xét gen di truyền của bạn để xem mối quan hệ của bạn với vitamin B là gì. Với mức độ căng thẳng mà bạn quản lý, bạn có thiếu hụt vitamin B không? Đối với nhiều đàn ông, điều này không xuất hiện cho đến khoảng 40 tuổi. Vì vậy, đây là thời điểm tốt để bạn thực hiện một số xét nghiệm cơ bản. Khi bạn nhìn vào các chỉ số sinh học và mẫu máu của mọi người, có những gì mà bạn thường thấy là thiếu hụt? Vì tôi chắc chắn có những điều từ góc độ xã hội mà chúng ta đều đang bị sai. Vitamin D là khá phổ biến. Khoảng 70 đến 80% người không có đủ vitamin D. Và một trong những điều mà tôi nghĩ rất quan trọng để nhận ra về vitamin D là nó có 400 công việc trong cơ thể. Một trong số đó là giữ cho rào cản trong ruột của bạn intact. Vì vậy, giữ cho các khớp chặt chẽ hoạt động để bạn không bị hội chứng ruột thấm. Vì vậy, vitamin D là một điều phổ biến. Tôi đã chăm sóc cho một giám đốc điều hành vào thứ Ba. Ông ấy có mức đường huyết lúc đói là 102, nằm trong khoảng tiền đái tháo đường. Không bác sĩ nào đã chỉ ra điều này cho ông trước đây. Chỉ số cholesterol của ông bắt đầu tăng. Huyết áp của ông thì ở mức giới hạn. Không đủ cao để cần dùng thuốc, nhưng đến mức mà chúng tôi muốn điều chỉnh trước khi ông cần dùng thuốc. Ông có mức độ viêm trong cơ thể gây ra đau nhức và có tình trạng âm thầm không hoạt động hiệu quả cho ông. Vì vậy có một số cách để đo điều đó. Đối với ông ấy, homocysteine của ông cao. Nó là 14.7. Và đó là một chỉ số rất dễ đo trong một bảng xét nghiệm cơ bản. Chúng tôi muốn homocysteine, là chỉ số viêm liên quan đến tim, ở mức 5 đến 7. Và khi nó cao, điều đó cho chúng tôi biết rằng thường thì một phần nào đó của hóa sinh trong cơ thể, methyl hóa, không hoạt động tốt. Methyl hóa chỉ là nơi bạn thêm một carbon và ba hydrogen. Và đó là cách mà chúng tôi bật và tắt gen. Và trong trường hợp của người này, ông không nhận đủ vitamin B, các vitamin B đã được methyl hóa. Vì vậy, chúng tôi đã bắt đầu cho ông ấy uống một loại bổ sung để giúp ông ấy với điều đó. Vì vậy, đó là một điều phổ biến. Testosterone của ông ấy thì tốt, nên không cần phải giải quyết điều đó. Người đàn ông này khoảng 52 tuổi. Cortisol của ông ấy thì tốt. Ông ấy là giám đốc tài chính của một công ty ở phía đông. Vâng, ông có một số điều trong gen di truyền mà chúng tôi cần chú ý. Điều thú vị về người đàn ông này, Steve, là ông là một vận động viên. Ông đã chơi bóng đá ở trường trung học và đại học. Ông có danh tính là một vận động viên. Nhưng khi ông đến gặp tôi ở tuổi 52, ông gần như không tập thể dục. Ông chỉ tập tạ có thể một lần một tuần. Ông chỉ bơi khoảng 30 phút một lần mỗi tuần. Vì vậy, ông không tận dụng việc tiêu thụ glucose như cách ông có thể, như cách ông đã làm khi ông ở tuổi 20.
    Một phần lớn trong việc hiểu điều gì đã khiến anh ấy hoạt động là khẳng định lại danh tính của mình như một vận động viên và sử dụng điều đó để giải quyết cuộc khủng hoảng chuyển hóa đang bắt đầu xảy ra trong cơ thể anh trước khi quá muộn. Bởi vì anh ấy có quá nhiều glucose mà không sử dụng đủ. Đúng vậy. Vì vậy, cơ thể anh ấy phải tích trữ và bị viêm. Và anh ấy đã nói, bạn biết đấy, mùa Giáng sinh vừa qua. Tôi đã ăn rất nhiều bánh pound. Tôi đã uống một vài ly cocktail. Có thể đó là một phần của vấn đề. Nhưng chúng tôi đã đo mức hemoglobin A1C của anh ấy, mà là tóm tắt trong ba tháng về những gì đang xảy ra với mức glucose của bạn. Và vấn đề này đã xảy ra trước Giáng sinh. Vì vậy, chúng tôi cần đưa anh ấy vào hành động liên quan đến việc tập thể dục.
    Quay trở lại với hormone, tôi thực sự muốn kết thúc chủ đề về cortisol vì tôi biết rằng hormone này rất quan trọng. Tôi đã nghe bạn nói trước đây rằng bạn tin rằng cortisol là hormone quan trọng nhất cần được cân bằng. Bạn muốn tập trung vào cortisol đầu tiên và quan trọng nhất. Vậy với người như tôi, có điều gì khác tôi cần biết để cân bằng mức cortisol không? Và cũng như vậy, bạn nghĩ tỷ lệ phần trăm dân số có mức cortisol không ổn định là bao nhiêu?
    Chúng tôi không có dữ liệu về tử số hoặc mẫu số. Và dân số bệnh nhân của tôi được tăng cường với những người có vấn đề về cortisol. Vì vậy, trong số tất cả những người tôi thử nghiệm, khoảng 90% trong số họ có vấn đề với cortisol. Và điều đó bao gồm cả các vận động viên chuyên nghiệp. Bởi vì ở Mỹ, chẳng hạn như những cầu thủ bóng rổ, họ phải di chuyển rất nhiều. Họ chơi những trận đấu liên tiếp. Họ có một khối lượng cortisol và căng thẳng khá cao, ngay cả với những người trong độ tuổi 20 hoặc 30 quen với hiệu suất cao. Vì vậy, con số là khá cao. Nếu tôi phải nhìn vào dân số tổng thể, đó sẽ hoàn toàn là suy đoán. Tôi sẽ nói khoảng 30% đến 50%.
    Và bạn làm gì về điều đó nếu bạn là một vận động viên và có mức cortisol cao? Tôi nghĩ có nhiều điều khác nhau. Có cách tiếp cận từ trên xuống, đó là thần kinh nhận thức, kiểu như, vỏ não trước có tác dụng gì? Làm thế nào tôi có thể tận dụng điều đó để làm việc với điều này? Và sau đó có một cách tiếp cận từ dưới lên, đó là sử dụng các giác quan của bạn để tạo ra cảm giác an toàn và thay đổi tín hiệu cortisol, giống như tín hiệu báo động trong cách cơ thể phản ứng. Vì vậy, công việc thở thực sự quan trọng đối với điều đó. Thiền. Các hình thức chuyển động khác nhau. Nhảy múa. Bạn biết đấy, những chuyển động nhịp điệu. Đi bộ. Leo núi. Chạy bộ thì hơi khó. Bởi vì điều đó có thể là một phản ứng căng thẳng và có thể tăng cortisol. Vì vậy, tôi sẽ nói đối với một vận động viên chuyên nghiệp, những gì tôi thường khuyên là thiền, thiền thường xuyên và tìm ra điều gì thực sự phù hợp với họ. Bởi vì, bạn biết đấy, với một số người, giảm căng thẳng dựa trên ý thức có thể phù hợp, nhưng điều đó không phù hợp với tất cả mọi người. Những người khác thích thở giao thoa, như hít vào trong năm giây, thở ra trong bảy giây, sáu lần thở mỗi phút, làm điều đó trong 10 đến 20 phút. Điều đó thực sự có thể giúp tạo ra sự cân bằng giữa hệ thần kinh đối giao cảm và hệ thần kinh giao cảm.
    Vì vậy, nếu họ có cortisol cao, một trong những điều tôi thường làm là cho họ sử dụng Cortisol Manager, đây là một loại thực phẩm chức năng bao gồm ashwagandha và phosphatidylserine. Và đã được chứng minh là làm giảm mức cortisol. Vì vậy, nếu họ đang đi du lịch và phải bay trở lại Philadelphia sau một trận đấu xa nhà, Cortisol Manager có thể giúp họ quản lý cortisol.
    Tôi đã tìm thấy một loại thực phẩm chức năng gọi là, tôi không thể phát âm đúng tên, nhưng rhodiola? Ồ, rhodiola. Yes, rhodiola là một adaptogen. Vì vậy, đó là một liệu pháp thảo dược đã được chứng minh là giúp giảm cortisol. Cortisol thấp hơn? Đúng vậy. Và tôi đã đọc rằng nó có thể làm tăng sự tập trung của bạn. Đúng, điều đó đúng. Bạn có kê đơn cho vận động viên không? Tôi có. Nói chung, điều tôi cố gắng làm với hầu hết các vận động viên là khuyên họ dùng một loại thực phẩm chức năng, hoặc là đầu tiên vào buổi sáng hoặc trước khi họ đi ngủ. Thật khó để làm điều đó trong suốt cả ngày. Và vì vậy tôi thường bắt đầu với Cortisol Manager vì tôi nghĩ rằng nó có dữ liệu tốt nhất. Nhưng rhodiola cũng là một lựa chọn tốt và tôi đã kê đơn cho nó.
    Có dễ dàng cho mọi người thay đổi trong vấn đề này, để khiến họ đưa ra những quyết định khác nhau? Tôi nghĩ rằng chúng ta đang ở thời điểm trong năm mà nhiều người đang nghĩ về sự thay đổi và nhiều người đang thất bại lặp đi lặp lại hàng năm với những thay đổi mà họ nói họ muốn thực hiện. Có dễ dàng để khiến ai đó thay đổi không? Tôi sẽ nói rằng thay đổi hành vi là việc khó nhất mà chúng ta làm như những con người. Tôi nghĩ có những cách mà những trải nghiệm khó khăn trong thời thơ ấu có xu hướng thiết lập một mô hình rất khó để phá vỡ. Nhưng tôi thấy mọi người thay đổi hành vi của họ mọi lúc. Và tôi nghĩ một phần nó phụ thuộc vào mức độ đau đớn của việc giữ nguyên. Nếu nó đủ cao để thúc đẩy bạn và giúp bạn, bạn biết đấy, không uống một hoặc hai shot tequila đã trở thành điểm yếu của bạn trong quá khứ. Nếu bạn có điều gì đó giữ bạn chịu trách nhiệm và có hiệu ứng Hawthorne, như cảm biến glucose liên tục, tôi nghĩ rằng điều đó cũng có thể rất hữu ích. Như thể có ai đó đang theo dõi bạn, bởi vì bệnh nhân của tôi với dữ liệu glucose liên tục, tôi đang theo dõi họ. Tôi đang quét họ. Nhưng có phải điều đó không có nghĩa là để thay đổi, một số người chỉ cần một chút đau đớn hơn? Tôi sẽ nói rằng mọi người có mức độ đau khác nhau để thúc đẩy sự thay đổi.
    Bạn có bao giờ thấy một tình huống, chúng tôi đã nói về điều này cách đây vài tuần, nơi khi bạn cố gắng giúp ai đó, bạn thực sự lại nâng đỡ họ. Và vì bạn can thiệp để ngăn họ trải qua cơn đau mà họ có thể trải qua, bạn lại kết thúc việc gây hại cho họ vì bạn ngăn họ đi đến nơi mà, bạn biết đấy, họ gọi là đáy đá, nơi mà sự thay đổi tự thúc đẩy sẽ xảy ra. Đó là một câu hỏi hay.
    Tôi nghĩ có một ranh giới rõ ràng giữa việc động viên và việc nói lên sự thật của bạn về những gì bạn sẵn sàng chịu đựng, chẳng hạn như trong mối quan hệ với bạn đời, bạn bè hoặc thành viên trong gia đình. Và cũng có sự cho phép hoặc phụ thuộc vào người khác. Vì vậy, bạn phải cố gắng tìm ra ranh giới đó.
    Ý tôi là, một trong những điều tôi đã nhận ra trong suốt sự nghiệp của mình, và phải mất một thời gian để tôi học được điều này, là nếu một ai đó đang phủ nhận những gì họ đang làm và cách nó ảnh hưởng đến các mối quan hệ, sức khoẻ, khả năng làm việc của họ, chẳng hạn như uống quá nhiều, có một mối quan hệ không lành mạnh với rượu, thì không phải nhiệm vụ của tôi để phá vỡ sự phủ nhận đó. Họ phải tự làm điều đó. Đó là công việc của họ.
    Bây giờ, tôi có thể nói rằng rượu không có lợi cho sức khỏe. Đây là những gì nó gây ra. Đây là những gì nó gây ra cho bộ não của phụ nữ. Đây là những gì nó gây ra cho bộ não của nam giới. Đây là những gì nó gây ra cho việc phá vỡ rào cản trong ruột của bạn và gây ra tình trạng ruột thấm. Đây là tất cả những tác động không mong muốn của nó. Nhưng không phải là nhiệm vụ của tôi để phá vỡ sự phủ nhận của họ. Họ phải tự làm điều đó. Và điều đó rất khó khăn, đặc biệt nếu bạn có thành viên gia đình, bạn bè hoặc bạn đời đang làm những điều gây hại cho chính họ.
    Nhưng điều gì bạn coi là công việc của mình nếu bạn là một người bạn hoặc thành viên trong gia đình? Công việc của bạn là xác định ranh giới của bạn, những gì bạn sẵn sàng chịu đựng để duy trì mối quan hệ. Và đó, bạn biết đấy, đó là nơi mà những can thiệp phát huy vai trò, khi bạn đối mặt với người đó và nói, “Tôi thực sự lo lắng về bạn. Đây là những gì tôi đang chứng kiến. Tôi thực sự cảm thấy bạn cần tiếp cận điều này theo một cách khác. Bạn có sẵn lòng không?” Nhưng đó là một quá trình đồng thuận. Bạn không làm điều đó cho họ.
    Kinh nghiệm của bạn như thế nào? À, tôi chỉ có rất nhiều, bạn biết đấy, vì những ngày này tôi có thể giúp người khác nhiều hơn so với cách đây 10 năm, cho dù là về tài chính hay những cách khác. Vì vậy, thường thì dễ dàng để can thiệp với một số hình thức chống đỡ khi ai đó trong cuộc sống của tôi đang vật lộn theo cách nào đó. Và thực tế là trong 15 năm qua, những điều tốt nhất mà tôi từng làm cho một số người bạn của mình không phải là một can thiệp. Nó không phải là việc trả tiền cho một cái gì đó cho họ hay chăm sóc một thứ gì đó cho họ. Mà là sự trung thực của tôi với họ và rồi ở đó khi họ tự tìm ra con đường của mình.
    Và thường thì thực tế là tôi đã loại bỏ cái chống đỡ của mình, điều đó có nghĩa là họ sẽ ngã một chút và sau đó trèo lên khỏi cái hố để có một cuộc sống tốt đẹp. Vì vậy, tôi luôn nghĩ về điều đó, rằng rất nhiều người trong chúng ta qua tình yêu hoặc qua việc chúng ta có thể thường xuyên góp phần nâng đỡ người khác trong cuộc sống của chúng ta, và thật ra chúng ta đang làm hại họ vì chúng ta đang kìm hãm hành trình phát triển tự nhiên của họ.
    Tôi đồng ý với điều đó. Tôi đồng ý với điều đó. Và tôi cũng muốn nói rằng những gì bạn vừa mô tả là giữ một chiếc gương trước mặt ai đó theo cách rất yêu thương, nhưng cũng rõ ràng. Đó là một chiếc gương trong sạch và rất khác với việc chỉ đơn giản là cho họ mượn tiền. Vâng. Và sau đó ở đó cho họ khi họ loay hoay và struggle và cố gắng làm mọi thứ khác đi.
    Bạn đã đề cập trước đó về người điều hành mà bạn đã kiểm tra gần đây. Bạn nói rằng nồng độ testosterone của anh ấy vẫn ổn định. Vâng. Tôi nên bắt đầu quan tâm đến nồng độ testosterone của mình ở độ tuổi nào, hoặc tôi nên nghĩ về nó mọi lúc? Bởi vì tôi thấy điều đó như một vấn đề tôi cần lo lắng khi lớn tuổi hơn, khoảng 40 và 50 tuổi.
    Thường thì nồng độ testosterone không có xu hướng giảm cho đến khoảng 40 tuổi, nhưng tôi sẽ nói rằng hãy thực hiện một bài kiểm tra cơ bản ngay bây giờ. Được rồi. Vì vậy, việc đánh giá chỉ số sinh học cơ bản là điều đáng giá. Và, bạn biết không, một trong những điều chúng tôi đã phát hiện trong thời gian đại dịch là Hiệp hội Bóng rổ Quốc gia đã chơi trong một “bong bóng.” Họ đang chơi ở Florida. Và các cầu thủ bị cắt đứt khỏi gia đình và bị stuck tại Florida trong một khoảng thời gian. Họ có nồng độ testosterone thấp. Và những người này thường có nồng độ testosterone khá cao. Vì vậy, có những tình huống cụ thể có thể ảnh hưởng đến nồng độ testosterone của bạn.
    Điều gì đã ảnh hưởng đến điều đó? Phần lớn chỉ là việc ở trong một khách sạn, trong một “bong bóng,” không thể ra ngoài, bị cắt đứt khỏi cộng đồng, gia đình, bạn bè của họ, những cách giải tỏa căng thẳng thông thường của họ. Tôi tưởng tượng họ không đo nồng độ cortisol của mình, nhưng tôi tưởng tượng rằng có lẽ nó cao hơn bình thường. Và phụ nữ cũng có testosterone. Nhưng bạn đã nói, tôi nghĩ, rằng nam giới chỉ có gấp 10 lần testosterone. Đàn ông có nhiều hơn, nhưng đó là hormone dồi dào nhất trong cơ thể phụ nữ. Phụ nữ rất nhạy cảm với nó. Đó là hormone dồi dào nhất? Vâng. Nồng độ cao hơn estrogen hoặc progesterone. Khoảng 15 đến 17 nanogram ở một người phụ nữ? Tôi đọc được trên WebMD. Vâng, đó là một mức độ khá tốt. Và ở nam giới, 300 đến 1,000 nanogram? Vâng, tôi thích thấy nó ở khoảng 500 đến 1,000. Và dấu hiệu gì cho thấy tôi có nồng độ testosterone thấp nếu tôi là nam? Mỡ bụng. Gynecomastia. Gynecomastia là gì? Đó là khi bạn phát triển ngực. Được rồi. Thay đổi tâm trạng, dao động tâm trạng, cáu kỉnh, trầm cảm, thay đổi hệ tim mạch, rối loạn cương dương, giảm ham muốn tình dục. Còn ở phụ nữ thì sao? Vậy nếu một người phụ nữ có nồng độ testosterone thấp, các triệu chứng mà chúng ta thấy ở phụ nữ là gì? Chúng giống nhau. Cả hai giới đều có sự mệt mỏi. Điều đó rất phổ biến. Giảm ham muốn tình dục. Họ có thể tập luyện ở phòng gym mà không thấy phản ứng. Họ có thể bị rụng tóc. Và testosterone ở phụ nữ có một số đặc điểm độc đáo. Ví dụ, một trong những điều mà chúng tôi đã thấy khi xem các sinh viên MBA, những sinh viên đang học thạc sĩ quản trị kinh doanh, là những phụ nữ có nồng độ testosterone cao hơn thường thoải mái hơn với rủi ro tài chính. Tôi cũng tin rằng điều này liên quan đến sự tự tin và khả năng hành động. Chúng tôi có ít dữ liệu cứng về điều đó. Nhưng đó là một số điều mà tôi thấy. Đó là hormone của sự sống động ở cả nam và nữ. Vì vậy, nếu một người phụ nữ có nồng độ testosterone thấp, cô ấy có thể kém tự tin, có ít động lực hơn, ít khả năng hành động hơn. Ít sẵn lòng chấp nhận rủi ro. Ít ham muốn tình dục. Thế nếu cô ấy có nồng độ testosterone cao? Quá cao.
    Nồng độ testosterone cao thường liên quan đến hội chứng buồng trứng đa nang (PCOS). Đây là sự mất cân bằng hormone phổ biến nhất mà phụ nữ gặp phải. Nó dẫn đến vô sinh và làm tăng trưởng lông ở những vị trí không mong muốn, như cằm và giữa ngực. Nó cũng có thể dẫn đến sự kháng insulin ở một số người, nhưng không phải tất cả; khoảng 70% người có PCOS có kháng insulin. Vì vậy, nó dẫn đến các triệu chứng do androgen thừa, mụn trứng cá, và rậm lông. Nó cũng liên quan đến các vấn đề với ty thể và phản ứng stress không được điều chỉnh. Đây là điều mà chúng ta thấy ở những người mắc PCOS.
    Vì vậy, nếu tôi là một người đàn ông hoặc phụ nữ và tôi muốn cân bằng mức testosterone của mình mà không muốn tiêm testosterone, có những cách tự nhiên, dễ dàng nào để tôi có thể điều chỉnh mức testosterone không? Điều đó phụ thuộc vào mức độ không cân bằng của nó. Nơi đầu tiên cần bắt đầu là cortisol, vì cortisol có mối quan hệ tương tác với các hormone khác. Nếu bạn là người sản xuất nhiều cortisol, bạn sẽ sản xuất ít testosterone hơn. Một người có mức độ stress cao, như tôi đã nói về các cầu thủ NBA trong “bubble”, có thể stress của họ cao và cortisol của họ cao, và đó là lý do testosterone của họ thấp hơn.
    Nếu tôi là một phụ nữ có hội chứng buồng trứng đa nang và testosterone của tôi cao, có phải điều đó có nghĩa là tôi cần tăng cortisol không? Không, trong tình huống đó, điều chúng tôi biết là thực phẩm có thể là yếu tố quan trọng nhất đối với những người có PCOS. Và trong vòng bảy ngày, bằng cách ăn một chế độ ăn có ít carbohydrate hơn, bạn có thể thay đổi mức testosterone của mình. Vì vậy, bạn có thể giảm nó một cách đáng kể. Trong vòng bảy ngày? Trong vòng bảy ngày.
    Tập thể dục. Hiện tại, tôi đang ăn chế độ ăn ketogenic, do đó, mức carbohydrate của tôi rất thấp. Điều đó có nghĩa là mức testosterone của tôi sẽ thấp ư? Không nhất thiết, vì bạn không phải là người mắc PCOS, vì vậy nó không hoàn toàn có thể áp dụng cho tất cả giới tính. Nhưng đối với bạn, với một chế độ ăn ketogenic, điều mà chúng tôi thường thấy là mức insulin thấp hơn, vì vậy nó dường như giúp với sức khỏe chuyển hóa. Nó có thể gây ra một số rối loạn tuyến giáp, vì vậy đáng để theo dõi tuyến giáp. Chúng tôi biết rằng những người ăn chế độ ketogenic đôi khi có tình trạng viêm tăng lên. Có những người phản ứng cực tốt và họ chỉ thành công vượt bậc với chế độ ăn ketogenic. Nhưng một số người chỉ thấy sự thay đổi khoảng 10% trong mức LDL, loại lipoprotein xấu của họ. Vì vậy, nếu bạn duy trì trong hơn bốn tuần, tôi thường khuyến nghị rằng bạn nên xem xét một số dấu hiệu sinh học khác.
    Hãy nói về estrogen, bởi vì tôi đã có ấn tượng rằng chỉ phụ nữ mới có estrogen, nhưng bạn đang nói với tôi rằng đó là một hormone quan trọng đối với nam giới nữa. Đúng vậy. Tại sao nó lại quan trọng như vậy đối với cả hai giới? Nó có công dụng gì? Chà, tôi sẽ nói rằng nó quan trọng hơn đối với phụ nữ vì nó điều chỉnh toàn bộ cơ thể nữ. Chúng ta có các thụ thể estrogen trải khắp cơ thể. Khi phụ nữ có hai giai đoạn đời sống khác nhau nơi estrogen thấp. Giai đoạn đầu tiên là sau sinh. Vì vậy, nếu bạn sinh con, bạn sẽ từ mức estrogen cực cao xuống gần như không có gì khi bạn sinh con và nhau thai. Và vì vậy, đối với nhiều phụ nữ, khi họ sau sinh, có thể họ gặp vấn đề về tâm trạng, mệt mỏi không chỉ do thiếu ngủ, điều này có thể là một dấu hiệu báo trước những gì sẽ đến trong thời kỳ tiền mãn kinh và mãn kinh. Vì vậy, đó là một khoảng thời gian cơ hội để cho bạn biết về cách estrogen hoạt động trong cơ thể của bạn.
    Đối với cơ thể nữ, estrogen có hàng trăm nhiệm vụ. Nó giữ cho các khớp của cô ấy được bôi trơn. Chúng ta biết rằng chứng viêm khớp là một chẩn đoán rất phổ biến ở phụ nữ trong thời kỳ tiền mãn kinh và mãn kinh vì các thụ thể estrogen không nhận được estrogen. Họ không có “sex phân tử” giữa estrogen và thụ thể estrogen. Vì vậy, estrogen thực sự rất quan trọng đối với phụ nữ. Nó điều chỉnh tâm trạng, sự phát triển của ngực, sự phát triển của hông. Nó là một chất bôi trơn cho các khớp của bạn và cũng rất quan trọng cho làn da của bạn. Khi estrogen giảm, bạn sẽ sản xuất ít collagen hơn. Và đó là lý do tại sao phụ nữ nhận thấy làn da của họ lão hóa. Còn ở nam giới, nó hơi khác một chút. Phạm vi động lực hẹp hơn. Và điều mà chúng tôi thường muốn ở nam giới là bạn có đủ estrogen để thực hiện một số chức năng cơ thể này, như giữ cho xương mạnh khỏe, nhưng không quá nhiều.
    Nó có vai trò trong việc phân phối mỡ trong cơ thể tôi không? Vậy thì nơi nào là những nơi tích trữ mỡ và các thứ? Ở nam giới, tôi không biết. Tôi không biết câu trả lời cho điều đó. Tôi sẽ phải tìm hiểu và quay lại với bạn. Nhưng đối với phụ nữ, có, chắc chắn rồi. Một trong những điều xảy ra đối với phụ nữ trên 40 tuổi là họ thường trở nên kháng insulin. Các tế bào của họ trở nên “tê” với insulin. Và điều mà chúng tôi biết là họ tăng khoảng năm pound mỡ và mất khoảng năm pound cơ bắp mỗi thập kỷ sau tuổi 40. Vì vậy có sự phân bổ lại mỡ, như bạn đã nói, nơi họ tích trữ ít hơn ở ngực, hông và mông, và nhiều hơn ở bụng. Điều đó có xảy ra ở nam giới không? Tôi nghĩ có một phiên bản nào đó ở nam giới, nhưng tôi chỉ cần xác nhận điều đó. Và điều đó có phải là không thể tránh khỏi không? Không. Không. Bạn có sự lựa chọn. Vì vậy, đối với phụ nữ, điều mà tôi nghĩ là quan trọng là hiểu rõ mức estrogen của bạn liên quan đến chức năng tốt nhất của bạn. Và đó là lý do tại sao tôi nghĩ rằng việc kiểm tra cơ bản có thể hữu ích như vậy. Để biết nơi tuyến giáp của bạn hiện tại, cortisol, testosterone của bạn. Để biết bạn đang ở đâu với sức khỏe chuyển hóa của mình. Vì vậy, khi bạn bước vào tuổi 40, bạn có thể nhìn lại và nói, được rồi, tôi ở trong một trạng thái tối ưu. Tôi muốn quay trở lại với điều tương tự. Vì vậy, đối với phụ nữ, những gì tôi muốn nói là hiện tại, 73 đến 75% phụ nữ không nhận được điều trị cho tiền mãn kinh và mãn kinh mà họ xứng đáng có được. Họ không được đề nghị, chẳng hạn, liệu pháp hormon, và điều đó cần phải thay đổi.
    Nhưng liệu pháp hormone có thể giúp đảo ngược điều này để bạn có khả năng không gặp phải một số thay đổi về thành phần cơ thể khi bạn già đi. Và không chỉ có liệu pháp hormone. Tôi nghĩ rằng điều này vượt ra ngoài liệu pháp hormone. Đó là estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, nhưng cũng là tập tạ nặng. Đó là sự thể dục tim mạch. Đó là việc xử lý glucose đúng cách. Ăn thực phẩm đúng cách.
    Xử lý glucose đúng cách? Vâng. Bạn nghĩa là gì khi nói vậy?
    Vì vậy, nếu bạn biết, như khi tôi ở độ tuổi 30, lượng đường huyết lúc fasting của tôi rất cao. Nó nằm trong khoảng tiền tiểu đường. Và vì vậy, tôi cần thay đổi cách mà tôi tiêu thụ glucose, chẳng hạn như sử dụng nó với các bài tập thể dục. Vì vậy, xử lý giống như một phương trình đầu vào – đầu ra, nơi bạn nhập vào bằng thực phẩm và bạn xuất ra bằng việc tập thể dục. Và bạn muốn có sự kết hợp tốt giữa hai yếu tố này.
    Và chắc chắn là tập luyện sức đề kháng, tập luyện sức mạnh là cách tối ưu để xử lý glucose, đúng không? Tôi nghĩ đó là một cách quan trọng. Ý tôi là, những gì chúng ta biết về tập luyện sức mạnh là nó xây dựng cơ bắp. Và vì vậy, khối lượng cơ bắp bạn có, thì thường tỷ lệ thuận với sự trao đổi chất của bạn. Sự thay đổi này đã biến đổi cách đội ngũ của tôi và tôi hoạt động, tập luyện và suy nghĩ về cơ thể của mình. Khi Tiến sĩ Daniel Lieberman xuất hiện trong chương trình Diary of a CEO, ông đã giải thích rằng giày hiện đại, với đệm và hỗ trợ của chúng, đang làm cho đôi chân của chúng ta yếu hơn và kém khả năng thực hiện những gì tự nhiên đã định cho chúng. Chúng ta đã mất đi sức mạnh và sự linh hoạt tự nhiên ở đôi chân của mình, và điều này đang dẫn đến các vấn đề như đau lưng và đau đầu gối. Tôi đã mua một đôi giày Viva Barefoot, vì vậy tôi đã cho Daniel Lieberman xem, và ông ấy nói với tôi rằng chúng là loại giày chính xác mà sẽ giúp tôi khôi phục chuyển động chân tự nhiên và xây dựng lại sức mạnh của mình. Nhưng tôi nghĩ tôi đã bị viêm cân gan chân, khi chân tôi bỗng dưng đau đớn liên tục. Và sau đó, tôi đã quyết định bắt đầu tăng cường sức mạnh cho chân của mình bằng cách sử dụng những đôi giày Viva Barefoot. Và nghiên cứu từ Đại học Liverpool đã ủng hộ điều này. Họ đã cho thấy rằng việc mang giày Vivo Barefoot trong sáu tháng có thể tăng cường sức mạnh cho bàn chân lên đến 60%.
    Hãy truy cập VivoBarefoot.com/DOAC và sử dụng mã DOAC20 để được giảm 20%. Đó là VivoBarefoot.com/DOAC. Sử dụng mã DOAC20. Một cơ thể khỏe mạnh bắt đầu từ đôi chân khỏe mạnh.
    Chất xơ đóng vai trò gì trong tất cả những điều này? Bởi vì rất nhiều người đang nói về chất xơ vào lúc này và nói rằng chúng ta đang thiếu chất xơ. Oh, chúng ta thì chắc chắn rồi. Ý tôi là, trung bình người Mỹ nhận được khoảng 14 gram chất xơ mỗi ngày, và chúng ta nên tiêu thụ khoảng 30 đến 35, 40 gram mỗi ngày. Tổ tiên của chúng ta thời kỳ đồ đá cũ đã nhận được thậm chí nhiều hơn, khoảng 50 đến 100 gram một ngày. Vậy nên chúng ta không nhận đủ chất xơ. Chất xơ rất quan trọng cho sự ổn định đường huyết, cũng như việc tiêu thụ protein. Nhưng nhận chất xơ từ thực phẩm thực sự, bạn biết đấy, ăn đủ rau. Chúng ta biết từ các nghiên cứu về vi khuẩn đường ruột rằng bạn muốn có khoảng 25 đến 35 loài trái cây và rau củ trong một tuần để có thể nuôi dưỡng hệ vi sinh vật của bạn.
    Và vi khuẩn đường ruột đóng vai trò gì trong chức năng hormone của tôi? Nó đóng một vai trò rất lớn. Vì vậy, vi khuẩn đường ruột của bạn là một trong những chức năng kiểm soát mức estrogen và có thể cả mức testosterone. Có một mối quan hệ hai chiều, Steve, nơi có ba loại vi khuẩn trong ruột có thể lấy estrogen và làm cho nó tiếp tục tuần hoàn. Vậy nên bạn phải sản xuất estrogen và sau đó sử dụng nó, và rồi bạn sẽ hoặc là đi đại tiện hoặc tiểu tiện. Nhưng điều gì xảy ra với một số người, nếu họ có những vi khuẩn này, là họ tiếp tục tuần hoàn estrogen như một karma xấu. Và những người đó thường có mức estrogen cao hơn. Điều đó có xu hướng liên quan đến nam giới với rủi ro lớn hơn về rối loạn chuyển hóa, ung thư tuyến tiền liệt. Và ở phụ nữ, nó liên quan đến nhiều ung thư vú và ung thư nội mạc tử cung hơn. Và nhiều vấn đề đó bắt đầu và do vi khuẩn đường ruột gây ra.
    Vâng. Và hệ vi sinh vật, thực phẩm yêu thích của chúng là chất xơ. Vì vậy, cách để bạn giữ cho hệ vi sinh vật và vi khuẩn của bạn hạnh phúc và khỏe mạnh là cho chúng một lượng chất xơ hợp lý.
    Loại thực phẩm nào có nhiều chất xơ? Có phải như bông cải xanh và những thứ tương tự không? Vâng. Vậy là bông cải xanh, bắp cải brussel, súp lơ, bắp cải, củ cải đường.
    Bạn ăn gì? Và bạn sống thế nào?
    Tôi là một người thích thưởng thức. Tôi yêu thực phẩm. Tôi yêu hương vị của món ăn. Tôi yêu mùi thơm của thức ăn. Tôi yêu dáng vẻ của thực phẩm. Tôi đã có một quá khứ liên quan đến rối loạn ăn uống. Tôi đã bị chán ăn khi còn là thanh thiếu niên và mắc bulimia trong những năm 20 và 30. Nhưng bây giờ tôi có một mối quan hệ trung lập hơn với thực phẩm. Tôi đã đeo máy theo dõi glucose liên tục gần như liên tục trong suốt bảy năm qua. Và vì vậy, tôi biết rất nhiều về những thực phẩm phục vụ tốt nhất cho tôi. Thế nên, thường thì vào bữa sáng, tôi rất thích ăn trứng. Và vì vậy, tôi ăn trứng tươi, thường là trứng bác hoặc luộc nhẹ. Tôi thích ăn kèm với rau xanh hoặc một số loại rau thừa từ bữa tối hôm trước. Tôi ăn rất nhiều rau. Tôi nhằm mục tiêu khoảng nửa cân đến một cân mỗi ngày. Vậy là được chia thành salad, rau tôi có vào bữa tối, một ly sinh tố. Tôi cho rau vào sinh tố cùng với bột protein. Tôi ăn rất nhiều rau họ cải cruciferous. Tôi có các đường dẫn giải độc không hiệu quả. Tôi biết điều đó từ gien của mình, và tôi cũng biết từ việc kiểm tra chỉ số sinh học của mình.
    Điều đó có ý nghĩa gì? Nó có nghĩa là có thể liên quan đến độ nhạy của tôi. Tôi không sản xuất đủ glutathione, đây là một trong những cách mà bạn giải độc. Nó là một chất chống oxy hóa trong cơ thể bạn. Và vì vậy, tôi thích lấp đầy khoảng trống đó bằng cách đảm bảo rằng tôi nhận đủ rau họ cải cruciferous. Tôi ăn rất nhiều giá đỗ bông cải xanh.
    Bạn nghĩ gì về chế độ ăn keto? Tôi là một người yêu thích chế độ ăn ketogenic. Bởi vì trong cuốn sách của bạn, có một chương như “Nghịch lý Keto”. Vâng. Bạn nghĩ gì về keto?
    Chà, những gì tôi nhận thấy với keto là đàn ông thường làm tốt hơn phụ nữ. Và những gì tôi tìm thấy với phụ nữ là có thể liên quan tới hormone và độ nhạy của họ, họ có nhiều rối loạn tuyến giáp hơn.
    Họ có nhiều vấn đề về chu kỳ kinh nguyệt hơn, khoảng 45% phụ nữ trên chế độ ăn ketogenic cổ điển.
    Vì vậy, phụ nữ có xu hướng gặp nhiều vấn đề hơn với chế độ ăn ketogenic.
    Họ mất nhiều thời gian hơn để vào trạng thái ketosis so với nam giới.
    Ngay cả khi bạn…
    Người đàn ông trung bình, nếu họ nhịn ăn khoảng 14 đến 16 giờ, họ bắt đầu sản xuất ketone.
    Còn đối với phụ nữ, điều này mất nhiều thời gian hơn.
    Phải mất khoảng 18 đến 20 giờ.
    Có thể điều đó liên quan đến khả năng sinh sản.
    Về mặt tiến hóa, có một số áp lực để chúng ta không…
    không vào trạng thái ketogenic.
    Nhưng điều này làm cho phụ nữ khó vào ketosis và giữ ở trạng thái ketosis.
    Có nguy cơ nào cho phụ nữ khi thực hiện ketosis không?
    Bởi vì bạn đã nói rằng chu kỳ kinh nguyệt của họ sẽ trở nên không đều.
    Không nhất thiết.
    Tôi nghĩ tùy thuộc vào cách bạn thực hiện.
    Bạn biết đấy, nhiều dữ liệu mà chúng tôi có về chế độ ăn ketogenic trong các nhóm dân số không áp dụng cho bạn hoặc tôi.
    Bởi vì phần lớn dữ liệu chúng tôi có là ở những người mắc rối loạn co giật.
    Họ khác nhau.
    Đó là một nhóm dân số khác.
    Và họ cũng đang áp dụng một hình thức chế độ ăn ketogenic rất nghiêm ngặt.
    Bạn biết đấy, không quá 10 đến 20 gram carbohydrate mỗi ngày.
    Vì vậy, tôi nghĩ bạn có thể điều chỉnh lượng carbohydrate của mình và tìm hiểu ngưỡng carb của bạn là bao nhiêu để có thể duy trì trong trạng thái ketosis,
    nhận được lợi ích từ tất cả các phytonutrients mà bạn có thể lấy từ rau củ,
    và kết hợp cả hai để bạn có được lợi ích sức khỏe, cải thiện chức năng chuyển hóa,
    giảm lượng insulin mà không gặp một số tác dụng phụ.
    Các tác dụng phụ là gì?
    Những thứ chính mà tôi thấy là sự rối loạn chức năng tuyến giáp.
    Đúng vậy.
    Đôi khi có sự gia tăng cortisol ở những người thực sự hạn chế carbohydrate.
    Và điều này cũng có thể ảnh hưởng đến serotonin khiến cho mọi người không ngủ ngon trên chế độ ăn ketogenic.
    Bây giờ, một số người thích điều đó.
    Họ thực hiện chế độ ăn ketogenic và họ nghĩ,
    ô, tôi chỉ cần ngủ sáu hoặc bảy giờ một đêm.
    Nhưng theo thời gian, nếu bạn cần ngủ nhiều hơn và đó là serotonin là nguyên nhân sâu xa khiến bạn không ngủ ngon, điều đó có thể gây ra vấn đề.
    Có điều gì khác mà chế độ ăn ketogenic có thể ảnh hưởng đến hormone của tôi không, như testosterone của tôi hoặc các hormone khác mà đáng lưu ý?
    Bởi vì tôi thực sự, bạn biết đấy, tôi tự hỏi liệu có nên tiếp tục chế độ ăn ketogenic trong thời gian dài không.
    Tôi thường thực hiện điều này trong vài tuần mỗi năm.
    Nhưng tôi tự hỏi liệu đây có phải là thứ mà tôi có thể duy trì trong khoảng một năm hoặc thậm chí lâu hơn.
    Vì vậy, tôi nghĩ nếu bạn giữ chế độ này lâu hơn vài tuần, bạn nên kiểm tra các chỉ số sinh học của mình.
    Và bạn chỉ muốn chắc chắn rằng nó phù hợp với sự thông minh của cơ thể bạn.
    Vì vậy, hãy thực hiện một số phân tích phân tử và xem liệu đây có phải là sự lựa chọn tốt hay không.
    Bạn có thấy những người giữ chế độ này trong nhiều năm và có các chỉ số sinh học tốt không?
    Có.
    Được rồi.
    Và tôi nghĩ điều quan trọng cần hiểu là hiệu suất thể dục đôi khi có thể bị ảnh hưởng tiêu cực bởi chế độ ăn ketogenic.
    Và đó có thể là một thí nghiệm thú vị cho bạn, như trong việc chạy bộ và thời gian 5K của bạn.
    Điều mà nhiều vận động viên làm là nếu họ muốn thử nghiệm chế độ ăn ketogenic, giả sử họ là vận động viên xe đạp và họ đang cố gắng giảm cân để tăng sức mạnh.
    Họ có xu hướng bổ sung lại carbohydrate hai tuần trước cuộc đua để lấp đầy kho glycogen của mình.
    Và vì vậy, đó là một phần khác mà bạn có thể muốn theo dõi là hiệu suất thể dục của bạn.
    Nếu tôi đang cố gắng giảm cân, có cách tối ưu nào để thực hiện không?
    Bởi vì chế độ ăn ketogenic là cách nhanh nhất mà tôi từng phát hiện ra để giảm cân nhanh chóng.
    Nhưng nếu bạn là nam hay nữ đang cố gắng giảm cân, đặc biệt là cái vòng bụng khó chịu, những thứ như vậy.
    Nếu có ai đó đến nói với bạn điều đó, bạn sẽ nói gì với họ?
    Điều mà tôi thích về chế độ ăn ketogenic cho việc giảm cân, và tôi rất cẩn thận với việc giảm cân vì…
    Nó có vấn đề.
    Nó có vấn đề.
    Và tôi nghĩ việc làm xấu hổ cơ thể là một vấn đề lớn.
    Vì vậy, tôi rất cẩn trọng về điều này.
    Nhưng khi nói đến chế độ ăn ketogenic, điều tôi thích là ketone thực sự rất thỏa mãn.
    Vì vậy, chúng tăng cảm giác no của bạn.
    Và tôi nghĩ rằng nó hiệu quả hơn nhiều so với việc cố gắng hạn chế lượng calorie và ở trong trạng thái thiếu calorie.
    Vì vậy, với chế độ ăn ketogenic, thường bạn tạo ra một mức giảm calorie, nhưng bạn đang sản xuất ketone, điều đó khiến bạn cảm thấy no hơn.
    Vì vậy, bạn không đứng trước tủ lạnh tự hỏi khi nào là lúc bạn có thể ăn tiếp.
    Và còn về việc nhịn ăn thì sao?
    Bạn biết đấy, đã có rất nhiều cuộc bàn luận về autophagy và thực hiện những kiểu nhịn ăn dài để chữa lành cơ thể.
    Quan điểm của bạn về điều đó là gì?
    Tôi nghĩ có thời điểm và địa điểm cho việc nhịn ăn.
    Tôi nghĩ những cách này để kích hoạt một số con đường có lợi trong cơ thể có thể rất tốt cho bạn.
    Vì vậy, nó có thể tốt cho ty thể.
    Nó có thể tốt cho sự cân bằng hormone của bạn.
    Nó có thể giúp bạn với insulin, chẳng hạn.
    Vì vậy, bạn đã hỏi về ai đó muốn giảm cân và cũng muốn giải quyết vấn đề mỡ bụng.
    Tôi sẽ nói đó là một tình huống mà bạn thực sự muốn chú ý đến insulin.
    Vì vậy, việc nhịn ăn có thể giúp bạn với điều đó.
    Chế độ ăn ketogenic cũng có thể giúp bạn.
    Thường thì chúng tôi kết hợp cả hai vì bạn có thể kích thích ketosis nhanh hơn bằng cách thực hiện nhịn ăn gián đoạn cùng với chế độ ăn ketogenic.
    Chế độ ăn ketogenic có giống như một hình thức nhịn ăn không?
    Bạn có thể nghĩ về nó theo cách đó.
    Ý tôi là, tôi sẽ nói rằng nó cho phép bạn nhịn ăn và làm cho sự thay đổi hành vi dễ dàng hơn.
    Bạn biết đấy, vấn đề về nhịn ăn là có một số người thực sự giỏi trong việc đó và điều này không làm tăng cortisol của họ.
    Nó không kích thích phản ứng căng thẳng.
    Và sau đó có những người khác rất căng thẳng với chế độ ăn ketogenic hoặc với việc nhịn ăn.
    Và vì vậy, một phần trong đó là cố gắng cảm nhận phản ứng của chính bạn đối với thực phẩm mà bạn đang ăn để xem, ồ, cái gì phù hợp nhất với tôi? Tôi cảm thấy tốt nhất ở đâu? Chức năng nhận thức của tôi ở mức tối ưu ra sao? Điều gì giúp tôi với tình trạng sương mù não? Điều gì giúp tôi với dị ứng hoặc bất kỳ triệu chứng nào mà bạn đang theo dõi? Bạn biết không, một trong những điều chúng ta biết về xeton, được sản xuất bởi cơ thể, như bạn đã biết, giống như một chiếc xe hybrid có thể chuyển đổi giữa việc đốt cháy xăng, mà trong phép ẩn dụ này giống như glucose, hoặc điện, mà trong phép ẩn dụ này là xeton. Điều đặc biệt về xeton là chúng không chỉ là một phân tử tạo cảm giác no khiến bạn cảm thấy thỏa mãn. Chúng cũng có các khía cạnh chống viêm bên trong cơ thể. Vì vậy, chúng là một con đường tín hiệu quan trọng. Có lý do tại sao cơ thể bạn sản xuất xeton. Bây giờ, bạn có muốn làm điều đó trong một năm không? Chúng ta sẽ phải xem xét, chúng ta sẽ phải kiểm tra các chỉ số sinh học của bạn. Bạn biết đấy, cách bình thường mà bộ gen của bạn phát triển là để bật và tắt chế độ ketosis dựa trên nguồn thực phẩm. Và giờ đây khi thực phẩm phong phú, hầu hết mọi người không vào chế độ ketosis. Nhưng khả năng chuyển đổi qua lại có thể rất tốt cho bạn. Khi mọi người đến với bạn và họ đặt câu hỏi về hóc-môn trong những ngày này, bạn chắc hẳn đã thấy trong sự nghiệp của mình có sự thay đổi về quan tâm đến chủ đề hormone. Nhưng cũng có một lĩnh vực sức khỏe hormone mà mọi người có sự ám ảnh lớn hơn. Trong tất cả các chủ đề mà chúng ta đã nói đến hôm nay liên quan đến hormone, cái gì là điều mà mọi người đang quan tâm nhất hiện nay? Tôi sẽ nói đối với phụ nữ, đó là tiền mãn kinh. Và đối với bất kỳ ai không biết tiền mãn kinh là gì, khi nào thì bắt đầu và nó là gì? Thông thường bắt đầu từ 35 đến 45 tuổi đối với phụ nữ. Đó là độ tuổi mà buồng trứng của bạn bắt đầu hết trứng chín và ty thể trong trứng của bạn không hoạt động như trước nữa. Vì vậy, buồng trứng của bạn đang lão hóa và điều đó dẫn đến những thay đổi trong mức độ hormone của bạn. Nhiều người nghĩ rằng tiền mãn kinh chủ yếu là một tình huống về hormone, sự thay đổi estrogen, progesterone, có thể testosterone. Và điều tôi nghĩ quan trọng cần nhận ra là nó rộng hơn nhiều so với vậy. Đó là hệ thống chuyển hóa của bạn. Đó là cách mà não của bạn phản ứng với glucose. Đó là hệ miễn dịch của bạn. Đây là thời điểm mà nhiều phụ nữ trải nghiệm sự tự miễn dịch và bệnh tự miễn. Vì vậy, tiền mãn kinh là một khoảng thời gian cực kỳ năng động. Có hơn 100 triệu chứng mà phụ nữ trải qua. Và điều đó khiến tôi điên cuồng. Tôi vừa nói chuyện với đại diện và người xuất bản của tôi cách đây vài tuần. Họ đều là phụ nữ ở độ tuổi đầu 40. Và họ đã gặp các triệu chứng, bạn biết đó, một số trong số 100 triệu chứng đặc trưng của tiền mãn kinh. Họ đã đến bác sĩ và nói, tôi có những cơn dao động tâm trạng này. Tôi gặp khó khăn trong việc ngủ, có một chút đổ mồ hôi ban đêm. Có phải đây là tiền mãn kinh không? Và bác sĩ đã nói, không, bạn còn quá trẻ. Vì vậy, có một khoảng trống về kiến thức. Có một khoảng trống về nghiên cứu và một khoảng trống kiến thức và một khoảng trống điều trị rất lớn cho những phụ nữ đang trong giai đoạn tiền mãn kinh. Hầu hết phụ nữ không nhận được điều trị mà họ cần. Vậy họ đang hỏi về điều gì? Họ đang hỏi, tại sao tôi cảm thấy không được điều hòa như vậy? Tại sao tôi không thể quản lý căng thẳng như tôi đã từng? Tại sao tôi lại thích lau nhà hơn là quan hệ tình dục với chồng tôi? Tại sao quan hệ tình dục lại trở nên đau đớn đột ngột? Tại sao tôi có mỡ bụng mà xuất hiện từ đâu không rõ và những kỹ thuật thường lệ của tôi để đối phó với điều đó không hoạt động? Đây là một vài câu hỏi mà họ đặt ra, liên quan đến hormone của bạn. Và điều gì là độ tuổi trẻ nhất mà bạn từng thấy ai đó bước vào tiền mãn kinh? Thật ra, tôi thấy những phụ nữ bị suy buồng trứng sớm, nghĩa là khi bạn trải qua mãn kinh trước 40 tuổi. Vì vậy, tôi đã thấy một lượng khá lớn điều này, bạn biết đấy, có thể là 50 bệnh nhân trong suốt sự nghiệp của tôi. Điều này tương đối hiếm gặp. Và sau đó tôi thấy những phụ nữ có mãn kinh sớm, nghĩa là khi họ ngừng có kinh nguyệt hoặc họ có mức FSH từ 25 đến 30. Và FSH là gì? Hormone kích thích nang trứng. Đây là một trong những hormone điều khiển cho estrogen và progesterone trong cơ thể của bạn. Nếu điều này xảy ra, họ có kỳ kinh cuối cùng giữa 40 và 45 tuổi. Điều đó được coi là mãn kinh sớm. Vì vậy, có một thời gian thực sự năng động khi hormone của bạn đang dao động mạnh mẽ, đặc biệt là estrogen, progesterone đang giảm, và phụ nữ có sự tăng cường triệu chứng mà họ trải qua. Và không ai đang theo dõi điều đó một cách cẩn thận. Đó là điều cần thay đổi. Theo dõi nó qua các mẫu máu của họ. Các mẫu máu và kết nối triệu chứng của họ với những gì đang xảy ra trong buồng trứng của họ, trong hệ miễn dịch của họ, trong hệ thống chuyển hóa của họ, và tổng hợp lại cho họ và cung cấp cho họ các tùy chọn. Bạn tin rằng nhiều triệu chứng của mãn kinh có thể tránh được không? Có. Có. Và với điều đó, tôi có nghĩa là sử dụng liệu pháp hormone và sử dụng y học lối sống sớm nhất có thể để quản lý sự chuyển tiếp đó. Bởi vì khi một phụ nữ đi đến bác sĩ hiện nay, bác sĩ đó có thể nói, ồ, bạn đang già đi. Đây là điều sẽ xảy ra. Hoặc họ có thể hoàn toàn bỏ qua điều đó. Đúng vậy. Hoặc họ có thể được bắt đầu dùng thuốc tránh thai. Điều này thường được sử dụng cho phụ nữ đang bị mãn kinh. Và tôi không nghĩ đó là giải pháp đúng. Bạn nghĩ gì về thuốc tránh thai? Tôi nghĩ nếu chúng giúp bạn tránh phẫu thuật, chúng có thể có lợi. Nhưng tôi nghĩ chúng được sử dụng quá mức trong văn hóa của chúng ta. Và hầu hết những người đồng ý dùng thuốc tránh thai không nhận được sự đồng ý đầy đủ. Họ không được thông báo rằng điều đó sẽ làm tăng viêm trong cơ thể bạn từ hai đến ba lần. Nó làm tăng nguy cơ mắc bệnh tự miễn, đặc biệt là bệnh Crohn. Nó làm cho hệ thống kiểm soát của bạn. Nó làm cho hệ thống kiểm soát hormone của bạn kém linh hoạt. Nó có thể lấy đi testosterone của bạn. Nó có thể làm giảm testosterone tự do của bạn. Nó có thể thu nhỏ clitoris của bạn lên đến 20%.
    Tôi cảm thấy rằng nếu đó là một phần của sự đồng ý thông tin, rất ít người muốn tham gia vào điều đó.
    Nhưng vậy thì, thuốc tránh thai dành cho ai?
    Bạn biết đấy, tôi từng nghĩ rằng nó là một phát minh của nữ quyền, rằng nó là một cách để kiểm soát khả năng sinh sản của mình.
    Tôi bắt đầu sử dụng thuốc tránh thai khi tôi 16 tuổi.
    Nhưng tôi cảm thấy có một số chi phí mà nhiều thiếu niên và phụ nữ trong độ tuổi 20 và 30 không nhận thức được.
    Đối với tôi, tôi cảm thấy rằng sự nhận thức này thực sự quan trọng.
    Vậy thì nó dành cho ai?
    Tôi sẽ nói rằng đó là một cách đơn giản để bước vào việc tránh thai.
    Nhưng tôi sẽ muốn mọi người sử dụng những thứ như vòng tránh thai (IUD), bao cao su hoặc một số phương pháp rào cản khác không làm rối loạn khả năng điều chỉnh hormone của họ.
    Bạn khỏe không?
    Ồ, khá tốt.
    Khá tốt.
    Tôi yêu câu hỏi đó.
    Tôi đã trải qua một cuộc ly hôn hai năm trước.
    Và tôi cảm thấy, bạn biết đấy, tôi có hai cô con gái.
    Cả hai đều đã vào đại học và rời khỏi nhà.
    Và tôi nhận ra rằng thời gian của tôi với chồng cũ giờ đã hết.
    Chúng tôi đã cùng nhau tạo ra một gia đình xinh đẹp này.
    Nhưng chúng tôi không còn là mảnh ghép tốt cho nhau nữa.
    Và vì vậy một phần lớn công việc tâm linh của tôi là chấp nhận điều đó và thực sự làm rõ, được, cho nửa sau của cuộc đời tôi, tôi muốn gì?
    Sứ mệnh của tôi là gì?
    Tôi hỗ trợ điều đó như thế nào?
    Tôi làm thế nào chỉ đưa ra cái gật đầu toàn diện cho những điều mà tôi đồng ý?
    Tôi làm thế nào?
    Gật đầu toàn diện.
    Điều đó có nghĩa là gì?
    Gật đầu toàn diện.
    Đây là điều tôi học được từ một trong những người cố vấn của tôi, Diana Chapman.
    Cô ấy học từ, tôi tin là, Katie Hendricks, một nhà trị liệu.
    Ý tưởng là thay vì chỉ nói có với những điều mà bạn được đề nghị từ một nơi tinh thần, nghe có vẻ là một ý tưởng tốt.
    Nghe như một cơ hội tốt.
    Để tôi làm điều đó.
    Thay vào đó, bạn kiểm tra với toàn bộ cơ thể của bạn.
    Bạn kiểm tra với trái tim của mình.
    Bạn kiểm tra với trực giác của bạn.
    Điều này có thực sự tạo nên sự khác biệt trong thế giới không?
    Có phải điều này khiến tôi muốn nhảy ra khỏi giường vào buổi sáng không?
    Đây có phải là điều xứng đáng với thời gian và nỗ lực không?
    Tôi lớn tuổi hơn bạn một chút.
    Và vì vậy tôi xem những cơ hội này một cách khác so với trước đây.
    Bạn đã kết hôn bao lâu rồi?
    Bạn đã có mối quan hệ với bạn đời bao lâu?
    Chúng tôi đã bên nhau khoảng 22 năm và kết hôn 20 năm.
    Làm thế nào để biết rằng không còn đúng sau 20 năm lẻ?
    À, tôi rất muốn nói về điều này với bạn.
    Được rồi.
    Vì vậy, tôi có thể nói với bạn rằng một phần thách thức trong cuộc hôn nhân của tôi là
    chúng tôi gặp khó khăn trong việc nói về những chủ đề khó khăn.
    Những chủ đề có tính nhạy cảm cao thực sự khó để chúng tôi điều chỉnh.
    Khi chúng tôi có một cuộc xung đột hay một trận cãi vã, chúng tôi không sửa chữa tốt lắm.
    Có một sự sửa chữa một phần, nơi bạn sẽ cảm thấy đủ tốt để tiếp tục hoạt động
    và chăm sóc con cái và làm những việc trong gia đình.
    Nhưng bạn không thực sự cảm thấy được nhìn nhận hay như thể bạn đã giải quyết được nỗi đau đó.
    Có một cách mà tôi không cảm thấy được hiểu hoặc nhìn thấy hoàn toàn.
    Và không phải là tôi yêu cầu điều đó từ bạn đời của mình, nhưng tôi cảm thấy có sự không tương thích.
    Và bây giờ tôi đang trong một mối quan hệ mà tôi có những điều mà tôi đang nói đến.
    Và đó là một người mà tôi đã biết hơn 30 năm.
    Chúng tôi đã là thực tập sinh cùng nhau tại UCSF.
    Và giờ tôi nhận ra rằng, bạn biết đấy, tôi đã gặp gỡ chồng cũ và tôi thực sự rất hạnh phúc
    về cuộc sống mà chúng tôi đã có và gia đình mà chúng tôi đã tạo ra.
    Nhưng chúng tôi cũng có một mối liên kết chấn thương.
    Có một cách mà chấn thương của anh ấy đã giao thoa với chấn thương của tôi.
    Và chúng tôi đã kiên trì một thời gian rất lâu, có thể lâu hơn cả những gì chúng tôi nên có.
    Vậy làm thế nào để bạn biết?
    Tôi không biết, Stephen.
    Tôi chỉ có thể nói với bạn rằng có một cách mà tương tác của chúng tôi
    đã tạo ra sự mất cân bằng trong cơ thể tôi.
    Và tôi không đổ lỗi cho anh ấy.
    Bạn biết đấy, có hai phía trên con đường này.
    Nhưng có một cách mà chúng tôi chỉ đơn giản là, chúng tôi không hòa hợp với nhau.
    Và điều đó không phải là điều có thể được chuẩn bị thông qua giao tiếp và trị liệu hay ngồi xuống và…
    Ý tôi là, bạn sẽ hy vọng như vậy.
    Nhưng chúng tôi đã dành khoảng 10 năm trong số 20 năm hôn nhân trong trị liệu cặp đôi.
    Và nó không thực sự giải quyết một số xung đột này.
    Chúng tôi đã trở nên tốt hơn trong việc sử dụng “tôi” để nói lên cảm xúc.
    Chúng tôi đã trở nên tốt hơn trong việc nói điều chúng tôi đang cảm thấy và không đổ lỗi.
    Chúng tôi đã trở nên tốt hơn trong việc đi bộ khi nói về một điều gì đó khó khăn.
    Nhưng vẫn có cách mà tôi cảm thấy cô đơn và lẻ loi trong mối quan hệ này.
    Và tôi đã quyết định, có lẽ một số lượng phụ nữ cũng quyết định điều này, tôi quyết định rằng tôi sống một mình còn tốt hơn là tiếp tục trong cuộc hôn nhân này.
    Khi mọi người nghe điều đó, trong tình huống của bạn, họ có thể nghĩ, được rồi, có thể anh ấy đã bận rộn với điều gì khác hoặc anh ấy đã làm việc xa.
    Khi bạn nói từ cô đơn, đây là những điều mà chúng ta nghĩ là gần gũi.
    Nhưng bạn đang nói, tôi đoán nó không phải là gần gũi.
    Nó không phải là gần gũi.
    Tôi nghĩ nó…
    Có một cách mà chúng tôi gặp khó khăn trong việc bày tỏ tình yêu và cảm xúc và nhận tình yêu.
    Có một trở ngại.
    Và một phần trong đó là do chấn thương.
    Và tin tốt là có rất nhiều điều bạn có thể làm để giải quyết chấn thương.
    Nhưng có một cách mà tôi đã đến điểm mà tôi không thể cố gắng thêm nữa.
    Tôi đã cố gắng trong nhiều năm.
    Và tôi chỉ không thể tiếp tục cố gắng.
    Khi bạn nhìn lại, có điều gì đã có thể làm thêm ở giai đoạn trước để ngăn bạn đến được nơi này, theo quan điểm của bạn?
    Vâng, đó là một…
    Đó là một câu hỏi tuyệt vời.
    Bạn biết đấy, một trong những điều mà tôi thấy đã giúp giải quyết chấn thương
    tốt hơn bất kỳ điều gì khác là trị liệu hỗ trợ bằng thuốc psychedelic.
    Đó là một cách nhìn nhận câu chuyện của bạn, một cách nhìn nhận thực tế cuộc sống của bạn
    với sự khách quan hơn.
    Và đó là một cách để giải quyết cách mà chấn thương trở thành một phần trong hệ thống của bạn.
    Và vì vậy tôi bắt đầu tham gia trị liệu hỗ trợ bằng thuốc psychedelic khoảng năm năm trước với hy vọng
    nó sẽ giúp tôi trong cuộc hôn nhân của mình.
    Và điều mà tôi hy vọng theo thời gian là tôi sẽ làm phần của mình để giải quyết chữ ký chấn thương trong
    cơ thể của chính mình.
    Và có thể chúng ta sẽ cùng dùng thuốc tâm linh như một cách để tái kết nối với tình yêu mà chúng ta từng cảm nhận dành cho nhau và, bạn biết đấy, để giảm thiểu bớt tiếng ồn.
    Nhưng chúng tôi không thể thực hiện điều đó. Anh ấy không sẵn sàng.
    Anh ấy không mở lòng với thuốc tâm linh.
    Và không phải ai cũng như vậy.
    Tôi không đổ lỗi cho anh ấy về điều đó.
    Và tôi nghĩ có những cách khác để tạo ra những trạng thái chữa lành của ý thức.
    Bạn biết đấy, công việc thở có thể giúp điều đó.
    Trải nghiệm gần cái chết, những trải nghiệm cao trào có thể giúp được điều đó.
    Những trạng thái chảy.
    Có rất nhiều cách khác nhau để tạo ra những trạng thái chữa lành của ý thức.
    Nhưng chúng tôi không thể cùng nhau bước vào trạng thái chữa lành đó.
    Chỉ một chút, tôi muốn nói về một công ty mà tôi đã đầu tư và đã tài trợ cho podcast này, gọi là Zoe.
    Giống như tôi, nhiều bạn cũng đang quan tâm đến việc theo dõi sức khỏe thể chất và giấc ngủ của mình.
    Nhưng có bao nhiêu người trong số các bạn hiểu cách cơ thể xử lý thực phẩm?
    Sự khỏe mạnh chuyển hóa tất cả là về việc hiểu phản ứng của quá trình trao đổi chất đối với thực phẩm.
    Và chúng ta đều phản ứng khác nhau.
    Vì vậy, Zoe đã tạo ra một bài kiểm tra để giúp bạn hiểu cách cơ thể của bạn phản ứng.
    Nó bắt đầu với những chiếc bánh quy kiểm tra nổi tiếng của họ, giống hệt như những bữa ăn thử nghiệm với cùng lượng đường, chất béo và calo của một bữa ăn trung bình và do đó hoạt động như một thử thách trao đổi chất.
    Bạn cũng đeo một máy theo dõi glucose liên tục để kiểm tra mức độ đường trong máu của mình.
    Tôi đã thực hiện bài kiểm tra này và nó khiến tôi tự hỏi mức độ khỏe mạnh chuyển hóa của tôi so với những người khác như tôi.
    Và kết quả của tôi đã tiết lộ mọi thứ.
    Vì vậy, nếu bạn muốn tìm hiểu về phản ứng của cơ thể mình đối với thực phẩm, hãy truy cập Zoe.com để đặt bộ kiểm tra của bạn ngay bây giờ.
    Và nếu bạn muốn có chiết khấu, hãy sử dụng mã Bartlett10 khi thanh toán để được giảm 10% cho thành viên của bạn.
    Là một thành viên của Zoe, bạn sẽ nhận được bộ kiểm tra tại nhà và chương trình dinh dưỡng cá nhân hóa giúp bạn lựa chọn thực phẩm thông minh hơn để hỗ trợ sức khỏe của bạn.
    Đó là Zoe.com với mã Bartlett10.
    Một trong những điều mà tôi đã được một trong những chuyên gia mãn kinh mà bạn đã nhắc đến trước đó, Lisa, nói với tôi là khi phụ nữ đến tuổi mãn kinh, khi họ vào giai đoạn mãn kinh, họ thường có sự rõ ràng hơn về những gì họ muốn trong cuộc sống của mình.
    Đó là những gì cô ấy đã nói với tôi.
    Và cô ấy đã nói rằng chúng ta thấy tỷ lệ ly hôn tăng trong giai đoạn này của cuộc đời.
    Điều đó có đúng không?
    Nó đúng.
    Nó đúng.
    Vâng.
    Cách mà một trong những người cố vấn của tôi giải thích cho tôi là khi bạn đang trong những năm sinh sản của mình, tức là trước mãn kinh, bạn có mức estrogen, progesterone và testosterone khác nhau mỗi ngày.
    Và điều đó khiến bạn dễ tiếp thu, khiến bạn có thể dễ dàng chấp nhận và thiết lập một mức độ linh hoạt mà bắt đầu biến mất khi bạn trải qua giai đoạn tiền mãn kinh và mãn kinh.
    Và điều mà người cố vấn của tôi mô tả là lớp vỏ hormone được gỡ bỏ, và bạn bắt đầu nói lên sự thật của mình mà không phải chiều theo.
    Bạn nói lên sự thật của mình có thể là lần đầu tiên về tình trạng hôn nhân của bạn, về những điều mà bạn hạnh phúc, những điều mà bạn không hài lòng.
    Và điều đó dẫn đến tăng tỷ lệ ly hôn.
    Còn mức độ hạnh phúc của bạn thì sao?
    Điều đó có làm tăng mức độ hạnh phúc của bạn không?
    Tôi nghĩ là có.
    Có một nghiên cứu rất thú vị mà được gọi là U-Bend, và nó nhìn vào sự thỏa mãn tâm lý của người lớn.
    Nó cao nhất trong độ tuổi 20 và đầu 30.
    Và sau đó có hình dạng chữ U, nơi mà sự thỏa mãn tâm lý giảm xuống.
    Tôi biết bạn 32 tuổi, vì vậy tôi hơi tiếc khi phải thông báo cho bạn về điều này.
    Và sau đó nó lại tăng lên khoảng 50 tuổi.
    Vì vậy, sự thỏa mãn tâm lý lại tăng lên.
    Và khi tôi lần đầu tiên nghe về U-Bend này, tôi nhớ mình đã đọc một bài báo trên The Economist về điều đó.
    Nó rất xác thực vì nó khiến tôi cảm thấy như, ôi, mọi chuyện thật khó khăn.
    Điều đó có lý với tôi rằng chúng ta thấy điều này trong độ tuổi 30 và 40 của bạn, và rồi nó bắt đầu có dấu hiệu tăng lên một lần nữa.
    Và tôi nghĩ có những cách để cải thiện sự thỏa mãn tâm lý của bạn để bạn không bị mắc kẹt trong U-Bend.
    Nhưng hạnh phúc, vâng, tôi sẽ nói rằng hạnh phúc, sự thỏa mãn tâm lý lại cao trong độ tuổi 50 của bạn.
    Tôi biết có rất nhiều phụ nữ lắng nghe chương trình này, và tôi nhận được rất nhiều tin nhắn khi chúng ta có những cuộc trò chuyện về sức khỏe phụ nữ, các vấn đề về hormone, mãn kinh, vì phụ nữ trong một thời gian dài chưa cảm thấy họ được lắng nghe và hiểu biết.
    Họ thường cảm thấy như mình đang bị thao túng một chút có thể từ bác sĩ của họ hoặc một số thông tin bên ngoài.
    Vì vậy, điều này khá không điển hình đối với tôi.
    Nhưng bạn biết phụ nữ hơn tôi.
    Và bạn biết những gì phụ nữ lo lắng trong mọi giai đoạn của cuộc đời, những gì họ lo lắng, những gì họ bối rối.
    Vì vậy, tôi muốn mở cơ hội cho bạn và hỏi bạn, dựa trên tất cả công việc mà bạn đã làm, bạn biết đấy, bạn đã làm việc về hormone của phụ nữ, chế độ ăn uống, cách sống, ham muốn tình dục, khôi phục cân bằng của họ, giấc ngủ, cân nặng khỏe mạnh, cho cả nam và nữ, nhưng tôi đang hỏi đặc biệt cho phụ nữ ở đây.
    Vì vậy, với tất cả điều đó trong tâm trí, câu hỏi mà tôi nên hỏi bạn là gì?
    Chúng ta làm thế nào để hỗ trợ phụ nữ tốt hơn?
    Chúng ta làm thế nào để hỗ trợ phụ nữ tốt hơn?
    Vâng.
    Chúng ta làm điều đó một cách hệ thống ra sao?
    Chúng ta làm điều đó về mặt chăm sóc sức khỏe cho phụ nữ như thế nào?
    Nhưng tôi sẽ nói đặc biệt với bạn, với nền tảng mà bạn có.
    Khoảng cách về sức khỏe phụ nữ mà chúng ta đang phải đối mặt ngay bây giờ, điều này chỉ trở nên tồi tệ hơn trong 30 năm sự nghiệp của tôi, tôi nghĩ cần phải hỏi, làm thế nào để chúng ta giúp phụ nữ phát triển?
    Làm thế nào để chúng ta thực hiện những thay đổi hệ thống để không có khoảng cách về sức khỏe phụ nữ này?
    Hãy thu hẹp khoảng cách đó.
    Chúng ta cùng nhau làm điều đó như thế nào?
    Tôi có một câu hỏi cho bạn.
    Bạn có thể đoán câu hỏi đó là gì không?
    Tôi có một ý tưởng.
    Tiếp đi nào.
    Vì vậy, tôi tin rằng khoảng cách về sức khỏe phụ nữ bắt nguồn từ hai điều.
    Sự khác biệt về giới tính, bạn biết đấy, có hai nhiễm sắc thể X so với X, Y ở nam giới.
    Sự khác biệt về hormone, những thay đổi trong chu kỳ sống mà phụ nữ trải qua, như sau sinh, mang thai, tiền mãn kinh, mãn kinh.
    Nhưng cũng có sự khác biệt về giới, điều này được xây dựng từ xã hội.
    Và điều đó bao gồm phụ nữ phải chịu đựng nhiều áp lực tinh thần hơn, phụ nữ có nhiều căng thẳng hơn nam giới, trải qua nhiều căng thẳng hơn, phụ nữ có nhiều chấn thương hơn, vì vậy họ có điểm số ACE (Chỉ số trải nghiệm chấn thương) cao hơn nam giới. Điều này dẫn đến, nếu chỉ nhìn vào thống kê, tỷ lệ trầm cảm gấp đôi, tỷ lệ PTSD (rối loạn căng thẳng sau chấn thương) gấp đôi, tỷ lệ mất ngủ gấp đôi, tỷ lệ bệnh tự miễn gấp bốn lần, tỷ lệ rối loạn chức năng tuyến giáp cao gấp chín lần.
    Vì vậy, có những khác biệt về giới tính tương ứng với những kết quả đó, nhưng sau đó có những khác biệt về giới. Cách mà phụ nữ không cảm thấy được hỗ trợ, cách mà họ cảm thấy mâu thuẫn khi cố gắng tạo ra sự cân bằng giữa công việc và cuộc sống, cách mà họ trải qua nhiều căng thẳng hơn, đó là những điều mà chúng ta cần giải quyết. Chúng ta không thể thay đổi sinh học, nhưng chúng ta có thể thay đổi những khác biệt về giới. Chúng ta có thể thay đổi những khác biệt được xã hội xây dựng dẫn đến việc việc làm phụ nữ trở thành một mối nguy hại cho sức khỏe.
    Được rồi, vậy hãy cho tôi biết về điều đó. Điều gì trong câu chuyện được xã hội xây dựng về việc trở thành một người đàn ông và một người phụ nữ đang gây ra những kết quả không thuận lợi cho phụ nữ? Có rất nhiều điều. Vì vậy, tôi sẽ nói rằng nếu bạn nhìn vào hệ thần kinh, chúng ta biết rằng phụ nữ có xu hướng mất cân bằng nhiều hơn giữa hệ thần kinh giao cảm và hệ thần kinh đối giao cảm.
    Điều đó là gì? Hệ thần kinh giao cảm là phản ứng chiến đấu, chạy trốn, đóng băng. Hệ thần kinh đối giao cảm là nghỉ ngơi và tiêu hóa, nuôi và sinh sản, ở lại và vui chơi. Vì vậy, sức mạnh là thư giãn, thoải mái, vui chơi. Thư giãn, thoải mái. Đó là nơi sự chữa lành xảy ra. Và chúng ta không nên chỉ ở trong một trong hai trạng thái đó. Chúng ta được định hướng để có sự cân bằng linh hoạt giữa cả hai. Lý tưởng nhất là, như một sự chia sẻ 50-50. Vì vậy, phụ nữ có xu hướng, trong việc đối phó với nền văn hóa của chúng ta, có nhiều kích hoạt giao cảm hơn. Và vì vậy cần tìm cách để giải quyết điều đó.
    Nhiều căng thẳng. Nhiều căng thẳng. Vì vậy, ít nhất ở Mỹ, chúng tôi thực hiện các báo cáo căng thẳng hàng năm và chúng tôi thấy rằng trung bình, phụ nữ có khoảng 10% căng thẳng nhiều hơn nam giới. Tại sao? Có phải chỉ vì họ có khả năng báo cáo it hơn không? Hay có lý do sinh học hoặc tiến hóa nào khiến họ căng thẳng hơn? Tôi không nghĩ rằng đó là lý do sinh học. Tôi nghĩ rằng điều đó liên quan đến sự mất cân bằng quyền lực. Tôi nghĩ rằng điều đó liên quan đến chế độ gia trưởng. Tôi nghĩ rằng điều đó liên quan đến quyền lực chiếm ưu thế.
    Ví dụ, với những điểm số ACE này. Điểm số chấn thương. Chúng tôi biết rằng phụ nữ trải qua nhiều chấn thương hơn nam giới, khoảng 10% nhiều hơn, tương tự như căng thẳng. Và họ cũng trải qua chấn thương ở độ tuổi sớm hơn so với nam giới. Họ phải đối mặt với sự bạo lực tình dục nhiều hơn. Họ có nguy cơ bị hiếp dâm cao gấp 14 lần so với nam giới. Vì vậy, có những cách mà nền văn hóa của chúng ta đã cho phép phụ nữ bị vi phạm. Và điều đó phải chấm dứt.
    Chúng ta làm điều đó như thế nào? Tôi không biết. Đây là nơi chúng ta cần tư duy và tìm hiểu cách mà những hệ thống có thể thay đổi để có sự phân bổ quyền lực công bằng hơn. Nếu bạn đặt một nam và một nữ hoặc một bé trai và một bé gái trong cùng một môi trường căng thẳng, họ có khác biệt về sinh học, như các chỉ số sinh học không? Bạn có thấy nồng độ cortisol cao hơn ở phụ nữ hay nam giới không? Tôi không biết câu trả lời cho điều đó. Cảm giác của tôi, từ công việc của Elaine Aaron, người đã thực hiện công việc về hồ sơ nhạy cảm cao này, là điều đó gần như bằng nhau ở nam và nữ. Nhưng tôi không biết chắc chắn điều đó. Tôi sẽ phải kiểm tra lại. Bạn có thấy tỷ lệ bệnh tự miễn cao hơn ở phụ nữ hay nam giới không? Phụ nữ. Gấp 4 lần. Gấp 4 lần? Vâng. 400% nhiều bệnh tự miễn hơn ở phụ nữ. Vâng. Và những bệnh tự miễn này là gì? Có ví dụ nào không? Vậy có khoảng 100 bệnh tự miễn. Nó bao gồm những thứ như viêm khớp dạng thấp, bệnh đa xơ cứng, tiểu đường loại 1, viêm tuyến giáp Hashimoto, nguyên nhân hàng đầu gây chức năng tuyến giáp thấp, bệnh vẩy nến. Có một danh sách dài.
    Tại sao phụ nữ lại mắc những bệnh tự miễn này cao gấp 400% so với nam giới? Chúng tôi không biết. Vì vậy, suy đoán là điều đó liên quan đến cả sự khác biệt sinh học, sự khác biệt về giới tính và cũng như sự khác biệt về giới. Vì vậy, sự khác biệt sinh học bao gồm sự khác biệt trong mức độ hormone, nhiễm sắc thể X. Phụ nữ phản ứng với vắc-xin nhiều hơn so với nam giới. Hệ miễn dịch của chúng ta có phản ứng hơn theo một số cách so với hệ miễn dịch của nam giới. Nhưng sau đó cũng có những khác biệt về giới, những khác biệt được xã hội xây dựng. Như phụ nữ có khó khăn trong việc từ chối. Phụ nữ cho đi cho đến khi họ kiệt sức, những người làm việc quá sức, những người được đào tạo từ khi còn nhỏ để chăm sóc người khác với cái giá của việc tự chăm sóc bản thân.
    Và vì vậy cách mà những yếu tố này tương tác và dẫn đến nguy cơ gia tăng gấp bốn lần ở phụ nữ, chúng tôi không hoàn toàn biết. Nhưng chắc chắn chúng tôi thấy tỷ lệ gấp bốn lần ở phụ nữ. Quan điểm của bạn là gì? Có một cuộc tranh luận lớn luôn diễn ra về vai trò giới trong xã hội. Và rõ ràng đã có một sự thay đổi lớn trong vài thập kỷ qua, thực sự tôi nghĩ một phần do việc giới thiệu viên thuốc ngừa thai, điều này có nghĩa là phụ nữ làm việc nhiều hơn. Tôi nghĩ ở thế giới phương Tây, và những con số này có thể sai, có ít trẻ em hơn được sinh ra. Nam và nữ đang có ít quan hệ tình dục với nhau hơn. Nam giới tự tử nhiều hơn. Phụ nữ đến tuổi dậy thì sớm hơn, tôi tin, hay là muộn hơn? Là sớm hơn.
    Và rồi có ít trẻ em hơn và muộn hơn rất nhiều. Thú vị là, tôi đã thấy một biểu đồ ngày hôm qua cho thấy sự gia tăng ung thư vú ở phụ nữ. Và thực sự, tôi nghĩ rằng không, mà là sự gia tăng tất cả các loại ung thư ở phụ nữ so với nam giới. Và biểu đồ của nam giới thì tương đối phẳng. Nhưng có sự gia tăng đáng kể ở phụ nữ khi có nhiều dạng ung thư hơn. Và tôi đã tìm hiểu một số nghiên cứu về lý do tại sao điều đó xảy ra. Và một trong số đó, một trong những điểm nghiên cứu đã nói rằng vì phụ nữ sinh con muộn hơn, điều này đang gây ra sự gia tăng ung thư. Điều đó có hợp lý không? Vâng, điều đó đã được nghiên cứu với, ví dụ như, ung thư vú. Được rồi.
    Vì vậy, chúng ta biết rằng có rất nhiều yếu tố khác nhau có thể làm tăng nguy cơ ung thư vú ở phụ nữ. Một trong số đó là độ tuổi mà bạn sinh em bé đầu tiên. Chúng tôi nghĩ rằng điều này liên quan đến sự tiếp xúc với estrogen. Những phụ nữ mang thai và có thể cho con bú trong một năm, thường sẽ trải qua một khoảng thời gian, khoảng một năm chín tháng, mà họ không tiếp xúc với nhiều estrogen như khi họ có kinh nguyệt trong khoảng thời gian đó. Và việc sinh con muộn hơn dường như liên quan đến nguy cơ cao hơn mắc ung thư vú. Tuổi lý tưởng mà tôi được dạy khi tôi tham gia khóa đào tạo sinh con là 24. Và tôi không có bất kỳ người bạn nào đã sinh con ở độ tuổi 20. Có phải chúng ta đang hiểu sai về vai trò giới tính khi nghĩ về sinh học và hormone của chúng ta không? Tôi thực sự thích những câu hỏi này. Tôi có nghĩa là, chúng là những bài thí nghiệm tư duy. Vì vậy, đúng vậy, tôi nghĩ rằng có điều gì đó mà chúng ta đang hiểu sai. Gần đây bạn có một vị khách nói về “sex span” (thời gian quan hệ tình dục). Oh, vâng. Và khoảng thời gian mà bạn hoạt động tình dục và cảm thấy thỏa mãn với nó. Tôi cảm thấy rằng chúng ta đang gặp một dịch bệnh về những cuộc hôn nhân không tình dục, những người không quan hệ tình dục nhiều, những người không nhận ra rằng niềm vui là quan trọng như thế nào, đặc biệt là đối với hệ thần kinh và việc điều tiết. Cao trào là một trong những chiến lược hiệu quả nhất để tạo ra sự điều tiết của hệ thần kinh. Để hạ xuống hệ thần kinh phó giao cảm của bạn. Để hạ xuống hệ thần kinh phó giao cảm. Và điều chúng ta biết là, với vai trò giới tính và với những gì đã xảy ra trong công việc, chúng ta đã mất đi một phần sự đối lập giữa nam và nữ. Tôi nghĩ rằng bạn cũng có nghe giả là những người đồng tính nam hoặc cặp đồng tính nữ. Vì vậy, tôi muốn chú ý để bao gồm tất cả. Nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng chúng ta đã mất đi nhiều sự đối lập. Và sự đối lập tồn tại trong tất cả các loại mối quan hệ, phải không, ở một mức độ nào đó? Nó có, nhưng đôi khi bạn phải nỗ lực để tạo ra nó. Khi bạn nói về sự đối lập, nếu chúng ta đang nói về các mối quan hệ dị tính, bạn nghĩ sự đối lập mà chúng ta đã mất đi là gì? Tôi sẽ nói rằng ngay bây giờ, ở tuổi 50, tôi đang có những trải nghiệm tình dục tốt nhất trong đời mình. Những cơn cực khoái tốt nhất trong đời mình. Và có rất nhiều sự đối lập trong mối quan hệ của tôi. Tôi đã học rằng điều này khá gây tranh cãi và táo bạo, vì vậy tôi sẽ nói ra dù sao đi nữa. Tôi cảm thấy rằng đối với những phụ nữ chuyên nghiệp, những người làm việc rất chăm chỉ, có một số cách mà sự đối lập có thể rất hữu ích trong phòng ngủ. Ở đây tôi đang nói về vai trò giới tính và, bạn biết đấy, hiểu được những gì là thỏa mãn về mặt tình dục cho bạn và yêu cầu điều đó trong mối quan hệ của bạn. Nhiều phụ nữ chuyên nghiệp mà tôi biết, họ thích quan hệ tình dục truyền thống, nhưng họ cũng thích sự lấn át. Bị lấn át hay lấn át người khác? Cả hai. Ý tôi là, đó là sở thích cá nhân. Nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng có một cách, đó là một trò chơi giữa quyền lực mà tôi nghĩ có thể rất thỏa mãn về mặt tình dục. Bạn nghĩ sao? Bạn có nghĩ rằng trong các mối quan hệ tình dục thì sự đối lập là quan trọng, để có sự cân bằng giữa các đặc điểm nữ tính và nam tính không? Hay bạn nghĩ rằng cả hai chỉ cần đến một mối liên hệ tình dục bình đẳng và điều đó nên luôn luôn như vậy? Tôi nghĩ có lẽ câu trả lời là mọi người có sở thích riêng của họ về hương vị kem. Và tôi chỉ có thể nói về sở thích của tôi, đó là tôi không thích kem vani. Nó không phải là hương vị yêu thích của tôi. Và tôi nghĩ tôi thích được lấn át hơn. Điều đó kích thích tôi. Và tôi thích thay đổi điều đó vì tôi sẽ cảm thấy nhàm chán. Đặc biệt nếu bạn ở trong một mối quan hệ dài, bạn phải tìm cách làm mới mọi thứ. Đúng vậy, bạn cần phải làm điều đó. Tôi đang mua đủ thứ từ internet để cố gắng, bạn biết đấy, giữ cho nó mới mẻ và thú vị. Được rồi, giờ thì mọi thứ đang trở nên thú vị. Có phải không? Vâng. Thành thật mà nói, tôi đã đến Los Angeles. Và trước khi tôi hạ cánh, tôi đã đặt rất nhiều thứ chỉ để có ở nhà khi tôi đến đây. Thật tuyệt vời. Thật buồn cười vì đội ngũ của tôi đang nghe. Không, nhưng tôi làm vậy vì tôi như kiểu, tôi phải, tôi cố gắng lên kế hoạch cho việc quan hệ tình dục để nó trở nên thú vị. Đúng vậy. Điều này giống như một công việc bán thời gian. Đúng. Tôi hoàn toàn đồng ý với bạn. Lựa chọn khác là nó chỉ tắt ngúm và trở nên nhàm chán và sau đó lại như cũ. Nhưng cũng có, tôi nghĩ tôi chơi với khoảng cách vì lịch trình của tôi. Vì vậy, tôi không gặp đối tác của mình trong vài tuần và sau đó chúng tôi gặp nhau và rồi lại đi một lần nữa. Vì vậy, điều đó giữ cho mọi thứ mới mẻ và thú vị hơn một chút. Tôi cố gắng đảm bảo rằng tôi vẫn giữ được sự hấp dẫn. Tôi đã nói rằng một phần lý do tôi đến phòng tập thể dục mỗi ngày là vì chúng tôi đã ký một hợp đồng. Không phải một hợp đồng thực sự. Nhưng chúng tôi đã ký hợp đồng khi chúng tôi gặp nhau rằng chúng tôi sẽ giữ cho bản thân hấp dẫn. Và điều đó là hấp dẫn về mặt trí tuệ. Điều đó là hấp dẫn về mặt thể chất. Thế nào cũng được. Vì vậy, vâng, tôi nghĩ rất nhiều về điều đó. Thật tuyệt vời. Đó là một chiến lược tốt. Và tôi đánh giá cao cách bạn đang rất có chủ đích về đời sống tình dục của mình. Có phải một phần lý do này mà bạn biết rằng mối quan hệ cũ không còn hoạt động? Vâng. Chỉ đơn giản là tắt ngúm? Nó đã tắt ngúm. Và tôi là một người rất thích tình dục. Sự gợi cảm thực sự quan trọng đối với tôi. Và việc không có điều đó ở nơi nổi bật cảm thấy như một cái chết. Và bạn đã cố gắng hồi sinh, giữ cho nó sống. Vâng, vâng. Mọi người có thể đồng cảm. Tôi biết điều này vì tôi nhận thấy phản hồi mà tôi nhận được trên các tập mà chúng tôi nói về tình dục. Mọi người thường đang vật lộn với một đời sống tình dục đang chết dần, thoi thóp. Một lần nữa, tôi hỏi bạn, có điều gì có thể làm được không? Có phải là ngăn ngừa? Đó có phải là chìa khóa ở đây không? Hay là về việc đảm bảo rằng bạn đang ở trong một mối quan hệ với ai đó có tư tưởng cởi mở về tình dục? Và tôi cũng, tôi đoán câu hỏi thứ ba ở đây sẽ là, liệu nó từng tốt không? Vì vậy, hãy để tôi cảm nhận một cách để trả lời câu hỏi của bạn. Tôi cảm thấy rằng cũng có một số khác biệt trong tình dục. Những khác biệt sinh học giữa phản ứng tình dục của nam giới và phản ứng tình dục của nữ giới. Và điều đó cần phải được hiểu.
    Tôi cảm thấy rằng khi bạn gặp vấn đề về chức năng tình dục trong một mối quan hệ, đó là vấn đề của cả cặp đôi. Nó không bao giờ chỉ là vấn đề của một người hay người kia. Đó là một vấn đề của cả hai mà bạn muốn giải quyết cùng nhau. Những gì chúng ta biết là nam giới thường đơn giản hơn một chút. Thường có ham muốn, bạn biết đó, sự thay đổi sinh lý xảy ra liên quan đến lưu lượng máu và sự cương cứng. Rồi có một giai đoạn cao điểm và sau đó là cực khoái, xuất tinh. Chúng ta có thể nói về việc tách biệt xuất tinh khỏi cực khoái sau. Nhưng với phụ nữ, mọi thứ phức tạp hơn. Đó là cách tư duy của Masterson-Johnson về phản ứng tình dục. Masterson-Johnson. Masterson-Johnson. Và giờ đây chúng ta biết… Gì vậy, xin lỗi? Masterson-Johnson, họ là những nhà tình dục học đã công bố mô hình cụ thể này. Đúng vậy. Và mãi đến khoảng 15, 20 năm trước, Rosemary Besson tại Đại học British Columbia đã phát hiện ra rằng phụ nữ có phản ứng khác. Nó mang tính vòng tròn hơn. Và nó liên quan đến việc cảm thấy kết nối về mặt cảm xúc để có thể tiếp nhận quan hệ tình dục với đối tác của họ. Trong khi đàn ông ở một số khía cạnh thì ngược lại. Họ cần phải có quan hệ tình dục để cảm thấy kết nối về mặt cảm xúc. Phụ nữ thực sự cần kết nối cảm xúc trước để có thể tiếp nhận tình dục. Và điều này dẫn đến rất nhiều sự thất lạc. Nó bao gồm những điều như, trong tuần qua, bạn đã dọn máy rửa chén bao nhiêu lần? Có những điều tạo ra sự kết nối cảm xúc mà nhiều nam giới không nhận ra. Và phụ nữ thì thường cảm thấy rằng phản ứng tình dục sẽ không xảy ra trừ khi họ cảm thấy kết nối về cảm xúc. Và đây là một phần của vấn đề trong cuộc hôn nhân của tôi là tôi không cảm thấy kết nối cảm xúc đó. Tôi đã cố gắng rất nhiều để thiết lập kết nối cảm xúc đó, nhưng tôi không có nó. Giờ tôi đã có. Liệu điều đó có liên quan đến sự mới mẻ của mối quan hệ của tôi không? Có thể. Và biết điều đó, biết về kết nối cảm xúc, theo một cách nào đó, thay đổi bài tập về nhà của bạn như một người đàn ông. Bạn có biết điều gì khiến bạn gái của bạn cảm thấy kết nối về mặt cảm xúc không? Thời gian chất lượng, những câu hỏi sâu sắc. Đúng. Các thẻ câu hỏi. Ồ, đúng vậy. Nói cho tôi nghe về điều đó. Chúng tôi bán những thẻ câu hỏi này trong chương trình này. Bạn có thể kiểm tra trong phần mô tả bên dưới nếu bạn muốn mua. Nhưng về cơ bản, vào cuối cuộc trò chuyện trong podcast này, khách mời sẽ viết một câu hỏi trong nhật ký này trước mặt tôi cho khách mời tiếp theo. Và sau đó những điều này sẽ trở thành, vâng, cảm ơn. Những điều này sẽ trở thành các thẻ câu hỏi. Mở khóa những cấp độ kết nối sâu hơn. Mở ra để mở ra. Cấp độ ba là những câu hỏi sâu hơn. Ồ, tôi thích điều đó. Tôi có thể là một người ở cấp độ ba. Bạn là người ở cấp độ ba. Tôi có thể hình dung được. Bạn thực sự khiến tôi nghĩ rằng bạn là một người ở cấp độ ba. Nhưng những thứ như vậy. Vì vậy, những câu hỏi sâu sắc và dành thời gian bên nhau. Và sau đó là vậy đó. Tôi có thể xem một vài câu hỏi cấp độ ba đó không? Vâng, đây là tất cả các câu hỏi cấp độ ba của bạn. Điều gì là điều quan trọng nhất mà chúng ta chưa nói đến mà đáng ra phải nói? Còn điều gì khác không? Giấc ngủ là điều mà chúng ta chưa nói đến. Khi nghĩ về ảnh hưởng của giấc ngủ đối với cân bằng hormone của chúng ta, liệu điều đó có quan trọng không? Ôi trời, giấc ngủ gần như là một phương thuốc toàn diện nhất mà chúng ta có. Khi bạn nói phương thuốc toàn diện, bạn có ý là cái Chén Thánh không? Đúng, đó chính là Chén Thánh. Nó cực kỳ quan trọng cho sự hoạt động. Bạn biết đấy, tôi thấy nhiều giám đốc điều hành nghĩ rằng họ là ngoại lệ, rằng họ không cần từ 7 đến 8,5 giờ giấc ngủ mỗi đêm. Nhưng chỉ khoảng 2% dân số có gen ngủ ngắn. Phần còn lại trong chúng ta cần tối ưu hóa giấc ngủ của mình đến mức tốt nhất có thể. Vì vậy, điều chúng ta biết là nó ảnh hưởng đến hormone của bạn trong vòng 24 giờ. Một đêm ngủ kém sẽ làm tăng insulin của bạn, làm tăng cortisol vào ngày hôm sau, khiến bạn cảm thấy đói hơn, khiến bạn có khả năng thèm carbohydrate hơn. Vì vậy, cũng như bạn có thể tạo ra một vòng lặp tiêu cực, bạn có thể tạo ra một vòng lặp tích cực bằng cách tối ưu hóa giấc ngủ của mình. Tôi là một người hâm mộ lớn của các thiết bị đeo thông minh vì đặc biệt nếu bạn thức dậy vào buổi sáng và cảm thấy không được tỉnh táo và hoàn toàn được phục hồi, bạn muốn hiểu các chỉ số. Bạn đã có bao nhiêu giấc ngủ sâu? Bạn đã có bao nhiêu giấc ngủ REM? Bạn đã bị gián đoạn bao nhiêu lần? Bạn đã ngáy chưa? Tần số nhịp tim của bạn là bao nhiêu? Tần số hô hấp của bạn là bao nhiêu? Vì vậy, tôi cảm thấy rằng giấc ngủ là một trong những yếu tố lối sống mà chúng ta cần tối ưu hóa. Trên chế độ ăn ketogenic của tôi, tôi nhận thấy rằng tần số nhịp tim của tôi dường như giảm xuống, điều đó thật đáng sợ. Bạn có thấy điều đó nhiều khi mọi người thực hiện những chế độ ăn kiêng hạn chế hơn và họ ở trong trạng thái ketosis không? Có thể có. Ý tôi là, tôi muốn xem một số biến số khác nữa. Và một trong những điều tôi thực sự thích là 8 Sleep. Bạn đã sử dụng nó chưa? Vâng, tôi có cái đệm đó. Nó có giúp bạn với HRV không? Tôi tin là có. Tôi đã có kết quả vào thời điểm đó, nhưng tôi đã ngủ rất, rất ngon trên đó. Tôi vẫn sử dụng WHOOP của mình, hashtag thêm vào. Tôi vẫn sử dụng WHOOP của mình để theo dõi HRV. Những điều gì mà bạn hướng đến khi ai đó đến với bạn với HRV thấp? Nhiều người muốn cải thiện HRV của họ. Bạn có thể coi đó như một chỉ số thiêng liêng bây giờ. Đúng vậy. Vâng, tôi bắt đầu với rượu. Chúng tôi biết rằng rượu làm giảm HRV của bạn, không chỉ trong một đêm, mà kéo dài từ bảy đến chín đêm. Đó là lý do tại sao tôi đã bỏ rượu. Vâng. Lần đầu tiên tôi đeo WHOOP và thấy ảnh hưởng của nó đối với HRV của tôi, tôi đã nghĩ, tôi sẽ không làm điều đó nữa. Và đó chính xác là loại thay đổi hành vi mà tôi cảm thấy hào hứng. Vì vậy, khi bạn thấy các chỉ số và thấy phản ánh rằng, ôi trời, sinh lý của tôi tốt hơn rất nhiều khi không có rượu, và có những lựa chọn tốt hơn so với rượu, bạn muốn thực hiện sự thay đổi đó. Và sự thay đổi hành vi sẽ bền vững. Vì vậy, tôi thích việc tiếp xúc với mặt đất. Tôi thấy rằng khi tôi xuống biển, khi tôi đi vào suối với đôi chân trần, khi tôi đi bộ trên cát, điều đó cải thiện HRV của tôi. Quốc gia dường như cải thiện HRV của tôi nhiều nhất là Costa Rica. Có điều gì đó về sự sôi động ở đó.
    Here is the translation of the text into Vietnamese:
    HRV của tôi gấp đôi đến gấp ba.
    Việc sử dụng nấm ở liều nhỏ cũng làm tăng HRV của tôi một cách đáng kể.
    Chúng ta có một truyền thống tổng kết trong podcast này, như tôi đã nói, nơi khách mời cuối cùng để lại một câu hỏi cho khách mời tiếp theo mà không biết họ để lại cho ai.
    Câu hỏi dành cho bạn là, bạn làm gì mỗi ngày để tạo ra một bộ não tốt hơn và một thế giới tốt hơn?
    Mỗi ngày khi tôi ở nhà tại Hạt Marin, tôi ra ngoài khi thức dậy vào buổi sáng.
    Tôi nhìn ra biển, và tôi nhìn về phía chân trời, như thể tôi dõi theo đôi mắt của mình dọc theo chân trời.
    Tôi vừa nhìn vào dữ liệu về ánh sáng mặt trời buổi sáng, vì tôi không hoàn toàn tin vào điều đó.
    Giống như, được cho là nó giúp bạn với nhịp sinh học.
    Nó giúp bạn ngủ ngon hơn.
    Nó giúp bạn sản xuất melatonin.
    Nó giúp bạn cải thiện tâm trạng.
    Nó có rất nhiều lợi ích.
    Và một số người nói, bạn chỉ cần năm hoặc mười phút ánh sáng mặt trời buổi sáng.
    Điều đó là đủ.
    Vì vậy, tôi đã bắt đầu xem dữ liệu, và thực tế bạn cần nhiều hơn thế.
    Bạn bắt đầu thấy lợi ích khoảng 30 phút, nhưng bạn vẫn tiếp tục cải thiện một số kết quả này với thời gian dài hơn, tối đa lên đến hai giờ rưỡi.
    Vì vậy, điều tôi làm mỗi ngày là tôi nhận được ánh nắng buổi sáng.
    Và tôi dõi theo chân trời, và tôi ngắm nhìn thiên nhiên, và tôi nhắc nhở bản thân rằng thiên nhiên là cách tốt nhất để điều chỉnh.
    Điều đó giúp bộ não của tôi.
    Sarah, cảm ơn bạn.
    Cảm ơn bạn rất nhiều vì công việc mà bạn làm.
    Bạn là một người rất thú vị ở nhiều khía cạnh, và bạn rõ ràng đang giúp đỡ nhiều người theo nhiều cách quan trọng tuyệt vời.
    Tôi rất khuyến khích mọi người xem những cuốn sách mà tôi có ở đây.
    Có khá nhiều cuốn trong số đó.
    Tôi nghĩ có tổng cộng sáu cuốn.
    Tôi có ba cuốn ở đây.
    Cuốn “Hàm Miễn Dịch” (The Autoimmune Jaw), “Chữa Lành Các Chấn Thương và Những Kích Thích Khác Đã Chuyển Đổi Cơ Thể Của Bạn Chống Lại Bạn” là cuốn sách mà tôi sẽ rất khuyến khích.
    Nhưng tôi nghĩ đây là cuốn mới, và tôi đã phỏng vấn Paul Conte, người viết lời giới thiệu cho cuốn sách ở mặt sau của nó.
    Tôi cũng có một cuốn sách khác ở đây có tên “Cuộc Chữa Trị Hormone” (The Hormone Cure), xoay quanh việc lấy lại sự cân bằng, giấc ngủ, và sự ham muốn tình dục, duy trì cân nặng khỏe mạnh, cảm thấy tập trung, sung mãn, và tràn đầy năng lượng một cách tự nhiên.
    Và một trong những cuốn sách mà tôi đã đề cập khi chúng ta đang nói chuyện, đó là “Phụ Nữ, Thực Phẩm, và Hormone” (Woman, Food, and Hormones), một kế hoạch bốn tuần để đạt được sự cân bằng hormone, giảm cân, và cảm thấy như chính mình một lần nữa.
    Nếu mọi người muốn biết thêm từ bạn, họ muốn nghe bạn, bạn có một podcast mới phải không?
    Đúng vậy.
    Chúng ta nên đến đâu để nghe podcast của bạn?
    Trang web của tôi là sarahzallmd.com.
    Và podcast có tên “Chữa Trị Cùng Tiến Sĩ Sarah” (Treated with Dr. Sarah).
    Đó là Sarah Zall, viết tắt là S-Z-A-L.
    Đúng vậy.
    Và podcast có tên “Chữa Trị Cùng Tiến Sĩ Sarah”.
    Cảm ơn bạn rất nhiều.
    Cảm ơn bạn rất nhiều, Stephen.
    Chúng tôi đã phát hành những thẻ hội thoại này và chúng đã bán hết.
    Chúng tôi đã phát hành lại và chúng đã bán hết một lần nữa.
    Chúng tôi phát hành lại và chúng đã bán hết lần nữa.
    Bởi vì mọi người thích chơi chúng với đồng nghiệp tại nơi làm việc, với bạn bè tại nhà, và cũng với gia đình.
    Và chúng tôi cũng có một khán giả lớn sử dụng chúng như những gợi ý để viết nhật ký.
    Mỗi lần một khách mời xuất hiện trên “Nhật Ký của một Giám Đốc Điều Hành” (Diary of a CEO), họ để lại một câu hỏi cho khách mời tiếp theo trong nhật ký.
    Và tôi đã ngồi đây với một số người tuyệt vời nhất trên thế giới.
    Và họ đã để lại tất cả những câu hỏi này trong nhật ký.
    Và tôi đã xếp hạng chúng từ một đến ba về độ sâu.
    Một là câu hỏi khởi đầu.
    Và cấp độ ba, nếu bạn nhìn ở mặt sau đây, đây là cấp độ ba, trở thành một câu hỏi sâu hơn nhiều giúp tạo ra nhiều kết nối hơn.
    Nếu bạn lật thẻ lên và quét mã QR, bạn có thể xem ai đã trả lời thẻ và xem video họ trả lời trực tiếp.
    Vì vậy, nếu bạn muốn sở hữu một vài thẻ hội thoại này, hãy truy cập thediary.com hoặc xem liên kết trong phần mô tả bên dưới.
    Tôi thấy thật sự thú vị rằng khi chúng ta nhìn vào phần phản hồi của Spotify và Apple cũng như các kênh âm thanh của chúng ta,
    đa số người xem podcast này vẫn chưa nhấn nút theo dõi hoặc đăng ký, bất kể bạn đang nghe ở đâu.
    Tôi muốn đưa ra một thỏa thuận với bạn.
    Nếu bạn có thể giúp tôi một ơn lớn và nhấn nút đăng ký, tôi sẽ làm việc không biết mệt mỏi từ bây giờ cho đến vô tận để làm chương trình ngày càng tốt hơn.
    Tôi không thể nói cho bạn biết điều đó giúp đỡ thế nào khi bạn nhấn nút đăng ký.
    Chương trình lớn hơn, điều đó có nghĩa là chúng tôi có thể mở rộng sản xuất, mời tất cả những khách mời mà bạn muốn thấy và tiếp tục làm điều mà chúng tôi yêu thích.
    Nếu bạn có thể giúp tôi điều nhỏ bé đó và nhấn nút theo dõi, bất kể bạn đang nghe ở đâu, điều đó sẽ có ý nghĩa rất lớn đối với tôi.
    Đó là điều duy nhất tôi sẽ từng yêu cầu bạn.
    Cảm ơn bạn rất nhiều vì thời gian của bạn.
    Cảm ơn bạn.
    三到七成的女性沒有獲得她們應得的圍絕經期和絕經期治療。女性們在問,為什麼我現在無法像以前那樣管理壓力?為什麼我突然長了這些肚子脂肪?而我通常用來應對這些的技巧卻不再有效。為什麼我寧願拖地也不想和丈夫發生性關係?但其實女性有一百多種症狀並不知道。而你認為許多的絕經症狀是可以避免的?是的,我們來深入探討一下。薩拉·薩爾醫生是哈佛培訓的醫生和荷爾蒙專家,她正在解鎖無論年齡多大都能讓你感覺良好的科學和簡單技巧。大多數人的荷爾蒙都失衡。可以將其視為身體發送的文本訊息,以保持一切正常運行。但舉例來說,在我測試和治療的四萬人中,大約90%的人都有皮質醇荷爾蒙的問題。如果我身體產生過多的皮質醇,那有什麼危害呢?這與更多的腹部脂肪有關。我們知道它會縮小女性的大腦,卻不影響男性。它與抑鬱有關。此外,如果你是一個生成很多皮質醇的人,你的睾酮會減少。這會導致一系列嚴重的問題。那創傷呢?這會影響你的荷爾蒙嗎?哦,肯定會。衡量創傷的一種方法是ACE測試。這是一項經過驗證的問卷。他們發現,ACE得分為1或更高的人患上45種慢性疾病的風險更高。而我的得分是6分(滿分10分)。但這些ACE創傷仍然存在於你的身體裡。你開始了一段自我療癒的旅程?是的。通過生活方式醫學,而不是藥物。告訴我關於這段旅程的事。我發現令人難以置信的是,當我們查看Spotify和Apple的後台,以及我們的音頻頻道時,大多數收看這段播客的人還沒有點擊追蹤按鈕或訂閱按鈕,無論你在何處收聽。我想和你達成一個協議。如果你能幫我一個大忙,點擊那個訂閱按鈕,我將不懈努力,從現在開始直到永遠,讓這個節目變得越來越好。我無法告訴你,當你點擊訂閱按鈕時會幫助多少。這個節目越做越大,這意味著我們可以擴大製作,邀請你想看到的所有嘉賓,並繼續做我們熱愛的事。如果你能對我有這個小小的幫助,在你所在的地方點擊追蹤按鈕,那將對我來說意義重大。這是我會向你提出的唯一請求。非常感謝你的時間。薩拉·阿扎爾,你為人們做什麼?我是醫生。我在學術醫學領域工作。我為人們進行研究。我教學,並照顧病人。這是官方的BBC回答。而非官方的回答是,我是一位療癒者。那療癒者這個詞具體指的是什麼?這是一個廣泛的術語,可以有很多意思。我的任務是作為療癒者,連接你的內在療癒能力並與你合作來激活它。你是為誰做這件事?我為專業運動員、高管以及普通人做。當你說療癒,如果有人來找你,問你如何療癒人們?你的回答會是什麼?我的回答是我不療癒人們。對我來說,這是一種父權式的思維方式。我所做的,是與有療癒能力的人合作。我們一起努力為他們的療癒服務。因此,不是我提供他們本來就擁有的東西。更重要的是理解他們療癒的障礙是什麼,了解什麼能讓他們成為最好的自己,讓他們全然感受到生命的活力。你的訓練過程是什麼?你能跟我談談你的學術旅程嗎?當然可以。我的訓練是生物工程師。我完成了哈佛-麻省理工學院的計劃,該計劃旨在培養醫學科學家。因此,這個特定計劃的精神是培養未來的研究者和學術醫生,以便推動該領域的發展。在此過程中,我一直非常感興趣的是,如何將傳統醫學的最佳部分與對身體的古老思考方式相結合?例如來自印度的艾嫚德醫學或傳統中醫。如何利用這些智慧傳統來豐富主流醫學?這就是我所學會的護理方式。我成為了一名外科醫生。在完成婦產科住院醫師訓練後,我做了基層醫療,但我也很早就意識到我想照顧男性。因此,我在這方面已有大約15年的經歷。我會說我在生物工程方面的訓練,以及對大數據的舒適度和優化數據集以改善目標(如表現或在播客中進行最佳對話)所感到的興奮。你認為在你的職業生涯中,你治療過或直接接觸過多少人?大約有四萬人。如果你需要總結你為他們所做的三到五件事情,你會怎麼說?第一件事是荷爾蒙。荷爾蒙是大多數人和我開始合作的起始點。這是一種思考你所關注的事物背後驅動力的方式。大多數人的荷爾蒙都失衡。我還未檢測出你有這種情況。但大多數人的皮質醇會有問題,要麼是產生過多,要麼是過少,甚至在同一天內都有可能。這影響能量,影響粒線體。因此,我會說我幫助人們的首要任務是他們的荷爾蒙,使荷爾蒙回到平衡狀態,首先從生活方式醫學著手,而不是藥物。這包括呼吸訓練,我認為這是我們在健康中最未被利用的工具之一。
    第二點是營養。
    但這是升華到下一個層次,不是營養師所建議的那種,而是針對你及你的目標所需的理想飲食計畫。
    所以,無論你是企業家、播客主持人、投資者,或者你是一名職業籃球運動員,或者你是一位正在進入更年期的42歲女性,對你來說,最佳的營養是什麼?
    我們可以衡量這一點。
    我們可以查看你的基因與你所攝取的食物之間的互動,以便客製化你的飲食。
    第三點,我會說是預防。
    預防一直是一個難以推銷的概念。
    很多人根本不想在預防上投入資金。
    然而,我照顧的病人往往是在健康狀態與疾病前期(如前糖尿病)之間的這個連續體。
    如果他們不採取行動,最終就會發展成糖尿病。
    所以我喜歡在最早的階段介入,以逆轉疾病。
    而這大多與生活方式有關。
    這就是我通常會處理的事情。
    我做了很多關於代謝健康的研究,因為這對你每天的能量感覺至關重要。
    作為一名醫生/治療師,你擁有多元的經驗。
    感覺上你在職業生涯中有很多參考點可以依據。
    最終,你成為了費城馬庫斯醫學研究所的精準醫療主任?
    沒錯。
    精準醫療,這個術語。
    與傳統醫學有什麼不同?
    這實際上差異很大。
    我認為,傳統的主流現代醫學已經破裂。
    我認為有太多人在當前的醫療系統中受到拋棄,尤其是慢性病患者,例如糖尿病、自體免疫疾病等。
    在主流醫療中,通常發生的情況是你得了某種疾病,比如高膽固醇,然後你會接受藥物治療,比如他汀類藥物。
    而我們知道的是,必須對約一百到兩百人進行治療,才能讓一個人受益。
    這就是我所定義的“非精準醫療”。
    而精準醫療則是我們理解你這個個體,我們查看你的基因藍圖,檢視你的生物標記,分析你的穿戴設備數據,確定NF1實驗,讓你成為自己的對照組,找出對你最有效的方法,根據你的目標來判斷。
    NF1,你的意思是那個個體就是研究,他們是實驗。
    沒錯。
    你不是在看廣泛的樣本區間。
    傳統醫學有什麼問題?
    你用“破裂”這個詞來形容。
    這種方法有什麼問題?
    有幾個地方是錯的。
    其一是,它已經成為針對一般人的醫學。
    當你查看科學證據並對其進行排序時,被認為是最佳證據的就是隨機試驗。
    但隨機試驗大多是圍繞使用藥物進行的。
    所以,在我剛舉的例子中,使用他汀來幫助某人解決膽固醇問題,可能幫助預防心臟病發作。
    心臟病是頭號殺手。
    問題似乎是,然後當我們根據隨機試驗來制定針對一般人的醫療方案。
    而這並不是針對最佳健康。
    它是圍繞著,好的,心臟病是頭號殺手。
    我們如何幫助人們預防它?
    哦,生活方式醫學預防70%?
    好吧,我們不會採用這個方法,因為我們無法從中賺錢。
    沒有利潤動機。
    所以,我們將重點放在這些藥物上。
    哦,GLP-1s。
    這聽起來像個好主意。
    讓我們試試這個,並用GLP-1s來解決問題。
    所以,對我來說,醫療系統破裂的原因有很多層面。
    但一個關鍵領域是,我們現在面臨的70%的疾病是完全可以通過生活方式醫學預防的。
    70%。
    你早先提到“荷爾蒙平衡”這個詞,你說這是人們經常找到你的入口。
    我實在不太懂荷爾蒙,而且我認為一般人也未必認為自己能夠為此做什麼。
    因為我們的荷爾蒙並不容易測量吧?
    其實可以通過血液來測量。
    所以,測量荷爾蒙並不那麼難,但我認為在主流醫學中,我們被教導告訴人們,他們的荷爾蒙變化太大,所以不值得去測量。
    是的,我以前聽過。
    你聽說過,但如果你是一位34歲的女性,想要懷孕但遇到困難,在那種情況下,我們會測量每一種荷爾蒙。
    我們會查看甲狀腺激素、皮質醇、睪固酮、雌激素、黃體酮,還有控制荷爾蒙,如卵泡刺激素。
    然而,似乎在那種情況下,測試更可靠,但在其他情況下卻不是。
    這是沒有道理的。
    這是一個雙重標準。
    你為什麼選擇這個職業?
    你的童年和生活中發生了什麼事情讓你走上這條路?
    我會說是因為成長過程中有相當多的創傷。
    而我了解到,創傷與你實際經歷的事情關係不大。
    而是它如何在你的身體系統中根深蒂固。
    所以對我來說,我的父母在我很小的時候離婚。
    我成長的過程讓我成為了一個幫助者。
    我意識到,通過關心他人、調整他們的能量並幫助他們實現目標,讓我保持了安全感。
    因此,發現醫學對我來說非常有共鳴。
    而我們知道,進入醫學的人往往有相當多的創傷,促使他們以這種方式成為幫助者。
    那個創傷是什麼?
    測量創傷的方法有很多種。
    其中一種我覺得有幫助的方式是所謂的“逆境童年經歷”(Adverse Childhood Experiences)。
    簡稱ACE。
    我想我這裡有資料。
    哦,你有嗎?
    這是一份問卷調查。
    所以,我的分數是6分(滿分10分)。
    關於童年離婚,我父母在我大約一歲時就離婚了。
    這是六項中的一項。
    其他的還包括虐待、忽視、情感虐待、身體虐待,或者有一位父母有物質使用障礙。
    所以,這些都是事情,你知道的,這不是一個完整的列表,但這是一份驗證過的問卷,於1990年代使用,發現在中年人當中。
    你還沒到中年,但對於中年人來說,年齡在40到65歲之間,他們發現ACE分數較高的人,得分為1分或更高,他們面臨著45種不同慢性疾病的更大風險。
    如果我們想以成年人身份癒合,了解我們早期的成長與創傷有多重要?
    因為你在那裡提到,如果ACE分數高,這個創傷分數,這個童年創傷的問卷,那麼作為成年人,你更可能會罹患各種不同的疾病。
    那麼,我們是否需要以某種方式治癒我們的身體,以避免一些疾病的出現?
    是的。
    這是個關鍵問題。
    所以,如果你知道你的ACE分數較高,而有很多人得分為零,約40%的男性,約30%的女性。
    我們知道,如果你有這45種不同慢性病的更高風險,那麼這些ACE會在你的身體裡持續存在,除非你去解決它們。
    我們想要關注的就是它在你身體裡的持續存在。
    對於某些人來說,這影響到他們的免疫系統。
    這會導致更多過敏、組織胺過量、食物不耐受,甚至自體免疫,可能是他們的免疫系統正在攻擊自己的組織,也許是自體免疫疾病。
    還有些人則有更多的神經系統失調,可能有焦慮或抑鬱或創傷後壓力症候群,心理健康問題。
    對於其他人來說,可能與內分泌系統更多有關。
    他們有慢性的皮質醇問題。
    這是荷爾蒙。
    是的。
    這在你的身體健康中是如何表現出來的?
    所以,我在30多歲時才開始察覺到這一點。
    但我發現我有抑鬱症。
    我有經前症候群。
    我在32歲生下了我的第一個孩子,但我無法減掉產後的體重。
    當所有這些事情發生時,身為醫生的我去看了我的醫生尋求幫助。
    他建議我吃Prozac來治療抑鬱和情緒問題。
    這是一種抗抑鬱藥丸。
    也是一種選擇性血清素再攝取抑制劑。
    他讓我開始服用避孕藥,因為我聽起來像是荷爾蒙失調。
    並且建議我多運動,少吃。
    所以,這就是他的治療方案。
    這是典型的主流醫學治療。
    但我對此並不滿意。
    我覺得,這不太對。
    我離開了他的辦公室並去了實驗室。
    訂了一個自己的荷爾蒙檢測。
    發現我的皮質醇是正常值的三倍。
    所以,皮質醇有最佳範圍。
    早上的時候,血液中大約是10到15。
    下午是6到10。
    而我的是30。
    我也查看了我的空腹血糖和胰島素。
    我在30多歲時有前期糖尿病。
    我完全不知道。
    沒有人在檢查這個。
    所以,我在回答你的問題,這些ACE是如何在我身體中表現出來的。
    我們知道不良的童年經歷與血糖問題之間有聯繫,並且與更高的前期糖尿病和糖尿病風險有關,這些我都有。
    我們知道這與慢性壓力和皮質醇問題有關,以及高感知壓力,無論壓力是否真的存在。
    這也導致了,當我開始使用可穿戴設備時,低心率變異性,即每次心跳之間的時間。
    這是交感神經系統的指標,與戰鬥、逃跑、僵住和迎合有關,與副交感神經系統相對,後者是治療發生的地方。
    而你開始了一段自我療癒之旅。
    是的。
    告訴我關於這段旅程的事。
    所以,在我的30多歲時,這對我來說是一個巨大的頓悟,因為我意識到我沒有受過這方面的訓練。
    我沒有接受過教育。
    儘管我擁有卓越的教育背景,但我並沒有學會如何處理這些問題。
    沒有人教我有關皮質醇問題以及如何管理它的。
    我的確學到過關於庫欣症的極端,這種情況會導致非常高的皮質醇水平,以及阿迪森病,這是甘迺迪(JFK)所患的。
    這是當你腎臟上方的腎上腺不製造皮質醇的情況。
    所以,我學到了極端情況,但我並不知道有很多人其實生活在中間,面臨皮質醇的問題。
    因此,這時我開始把科學文獻應用到我的情況中,因為我想要感覺好一些。
    我覺得自己過老,肚子上有很多脂肪,這讓我感覺自己正以加速的速度在衰老。
    所以,我這樣做是為了幫助自己,但我也想幫助我的病人。
    我覺得我需要更深入地了解,我們能做什麼來治療創傷,還有如何處理我們正在進行的更近的測量,
    比如皮質醇、心率變異性和血糖。
    那麼對你來說,第一步是什麼?
    第一步是提高意識。
    好的。
    而我之前並不知道。
    這些並不是大多數醫生在檢查的事情。
    這真的很瘋狂,你作為醫生卻不知道健康這一部分。
    我的意思是,如果你不能從更全面的角度完全理解健康,怎麼能幫助任何人呢?
    這是一個關鍵的點。
    所以,我在哈佛學到的,如果你有血糖問題,如果你有前期糖尿病和糖尿病,治療就是生活方式改變。
    最有效的方式是改變你所吃的食物,增加運動,以不同的方式管理壓力。
    而我卻沒有學習如何幫助我的病人做到這一點。
    我學會了如何為此開處方,例如開美托formina或其他某種治療。
    但我沒有學到如何進行生活方式醫學。
    我只有30分鐘的營養課程。
    是的,這確實很瘋狂。
    他們給了你30分鐘的營養課嗎?
    是的。
    是哪個訓練?
    這是醫學院。
    我在更年期和圍絕經期間的相關內容也差不多。
    真的嗎?
    這說明了很多事情。
    是的,確實如此。
    關於醫療體系。
    所以,第一步是認識到這一點。
    第二步是什麼?
    第二步是,科學告訴我們什麼?
    如果我們根據科學的說法,通常是針對一個人群,那就為第三步,即個案實驗鋪平了道路。
    對自己進行嘗試,然後進行測量。
    沒錯。
    當我們想到皮質醇時,這是你看到的第一個指標上升的,通常我們會聯想到壓力。
    所以,我們認為如果有壓力,就會產生皮質醇。
    因此,我的腦子,我那天真的很天真的腦子說,你只需要減少壓力,薇拉。
    所以,你應該去度假。
    這樣你的皮質醇就會下降。
    我曾經也這樣想過。
    然後我從假期回來後,仍然有皮質醇的問題。
    所以,壓力是其中的一部分,但皮質醇非常有趣。
    我們所談論的這些荷爾蒙,如雌激素、孕激素、睾酮、皮質醇、胰島素,這可不是民主。
    它們並不平起平坐。
    皮質醇更像是一個獨裁者,尤其是當它失衡時。
    所以,你需要皮質醇來生存。
    而你可以沒有睾酮、雌激素或孕激素生存。
    但沒有胰島素就活不下去。
    但皮質醇對於幫助你免疫系統、血糖以及管理壓力反應至關重要。
    所以,解決高皮質醇或低皮質醇的問題並沒那麼簡單。
    你的身體可能會陷入一種產生過多皮質醇或不足皮質醇的特殊模式。
    如果我的身體產生過多的皮質醇,水平太高了,那會有什麼危害呢?
    危害是與抑鬱症相關。
    大約50%的高皮質醇患者有抑鬱症。
    50%的抑鬱症患者有高皮質醇。
    一些精神科醫生將它用作自殺的指標。
    它與腹部脂肪的增多有關。
    因此,你腹部的脂肪細胞對皮質醇有更多的受體。
    這是促進腹部脂肪增加的一種方式。
    我們知道它會縮小女性的大腦,但不會影響男性。
    這是從中年開始的,從40歲開始,而不是老年問題。
    這已經用幾種不同的方式顯示出來。
    有一項來自德克薩斯大學聖安東尼奧分校的研究表明,40多歲女性的皮質醇過高會導致她們的總腦容量縮小。
    然後,康奈爾大學的麗莎·莫斯科尼也在一項研究中顯示,皮質醇過高的女性也會總腦容量縮小。
    而且她們開始在大腦中使用葡萄糖作為燃料時遇到困難。
    這會導致什麼樣的行為呢?
    這會讓你感到疲倦。
    使你的大腦能量變得緩慢。
    我可以大致告訴你你不會有這種情況。
    但如果你有,你的大腦會慢下來,感到迷糊,無法同時處理多個任務,以及無法跟上所有事情的進展。
    皮質醇和創傷之間有聯繫嗎?
    哦,有的。
    那種聯繫是什麼?
    對於那些經歷過有毒壓力或創傷的人,通常發生的情況是皮質醇上升。
    這是警報的一部分,也是身體的壓力反應。
    我們所知道的是,對於那些遭受更嚴重創傷並患有創傷後壓力症候群的人來說,這些人可能經歷過一段高皮質醇的時期,現在無法再維持下去了。
    他們處於一種低皮質醇的狀態。
    目前世界上有哪些東西在擾亂我們的荷爾蒙?
    因為荷爾蒙這個話題變得越來越受歡迎。
    我知道有像皮質醇這樣的荷爾蒙,我們已經談論過,
    睾酮、雌激素、孕激素、胰島素、葡萄糖。
    目前有哪些重大因素在擾亂我們的荷爾蒙?
    因為我想確保我的荷爾蒙是正常的。
    所以我是一名男性,我知道其中一些荷爾蒙更像雌激素與女性有更直接的關聯。
    不,對男性來說這也很重要。
    哦,真是的?
    所以雌激素和孕激素對男性非常重要。
    而且,它們與骨骼強度有關,孕激素與男性的睡眠有關。
    所以,在男性中,這些荷爾蒙的水平較低,而睾酮的水平則高約十倍。
    但對於女性和男性來說,它們都是重要的。
    那麼,究竟是什么在擾亂我們的荷爾蒙?
    我會說是毒素的暴露。
    現在已經知道有超過700種內分泌干擾物。
    比如雙酚A,像在罐頭或塑料容器、水容器中看到的塑料襯裡。
    還有護膚品,女性接觸到的更多。
    像保濕霜和彩妝以及其他一些含有內分泌干擾物的產品,比如對羥基苯甲酸酯。
    還有我們接觸到的阻燃劑。
    因此,這是一整類內分泌干擾物。
    而且目前的情況感覺比我以往見過的更糟。
    我不確定原因是什麼。
    我不知道是否是後疫情的經歷,或者是我們在美國所經歷的領導變化的一部分。
    現在的狀況就像是有一種失調的嗡嗡聲,這在我整個職業生涯中從未見過。
    你有注意到嗎?
    你在病人身上看到這種情況了嗎?
    我在我的病人身上看到了。
    我在他們的可穿戴設備數據中看到了。
    我在心率變異性中看到了。
    我在我測量的皮質醇水平中看到了。
    你問我是否注意到了。
    我的意思是,隨著世界變得越來越數字化,我認為我見到的失調情況更多。
    而且顯然我們正在以快速的速度向那個方向進步,特別是在現在的人工智慧和越來越聰明上癮的算法之類的東西上。
    是的,我看到這一點。
    此外,我認為社交媒體演算法剛剛發生了變化,它們會彼此競爭,看看誰能最有效地吸引你的注意力。為了做到這一點,它們必須抓住你的注意力。而吸引你的注意力的最簡單方式就是向你展示一些可能會讓你感到不安的事物。
    所以如果你要進入我的生活,並優化我的生活以確保我所有的荷爾蒙都在正常範圍內,你會消除我日常生活中的塑料和毒素,包括我的浴室等。我會查看你的護膚品、清潔產品和空氣質量。如果你目前還沒有的話,我可能會安裝幾個空氣濾清器。我也想了解你的壓力,因為你是一個在如此高水平上表現的人。我會假設你找到了合適的壓力水平,正好不會太少而影響生產力,也不會過量到對生理造成影響的地步。
    然後……我會想查看你的飲食。我想了解你攝取的蛋白質有多少。你是否攝取了足夠的碳水化合物?看起來你是的。你是否善用這些?持續血糖監測器的情況如何?你的營養素狀況如何?你的維他命D含量是多少?類似的事情。你是一個持續血糖監測器的熱愛者,對吧?我是的。我認為它提供了即時的反饋,讓你即時了解到自己所吃的食物的影響。我從未見過其他任何東西能像持續血糖監測器一樣改變行為。對於不知情的人來說,這是一個你貼在手臂上的小貼片,它會即時告訴你你的血糖水平,並直接傳送到你的手機上。
    糖。糖是敵人嗎?我不認為糖是敵人。我認為敵人是我們過度食用糖的方式。我們使用它來改變情緒狀態的方式。我們知道那些有不良童年經驗的人,更有可能出現飲食失調。他們更容易有問題來調節自己攝取的糖的量。
    在治療病人時,你會非常關注他們的血糖水平嗎?我會,因為我認為這是衡量人體生物化學以及新陳代謝運作的重要指標。它告訴我有關他們的粒線體的信息。它告訴我他們產生能量的方式,逐個ATP來看。ATP是你在所有細胞內產生的這種能量化合物。
    這種化合物叫做ATP?對,ATP。而這ATP驅動了我們的一切。ATP是燃料。所以它讓你感覺充滿活力,尤其是當你早上醒來的時候。
    如果我想要優化我的荷爾蒙平衡,是否有任何補充劑我應該服用?嗯,我需要查看你的整體情況。但我們大多數人都會遺傳到大約五到七種基因脆弱性。我們通常想要圍繞這些脆弱性進行調整。例如,對我來說,我的維他命D受體不好,運作得不太好。因此,我需要攝取較高的維他命D水平,以保持體內正常的基線維他命D含量。我們想要關注這些。我們會查看你的基因組,了解你對B族維生素的關係。考慮到你所管理的壓力,你是否缺乏B族維生素?對很多男性而言,這種情況通常到四十歲左右才會顯現出來。所以現在是你做基線檢測的好時機。
    當你查看人們的生物標誌和血液樣本時,有哪些你通常會看到的缺乏的東西?因為我相信從社會層面上看,我們都存在一些問題。維他命D是很常見的。因此,大約70%到80%的人缺乏足夠的維他命D。我認為了解維他命D的重要性是,它在體內有400種工作。其中之一是保持你腸道的屏障完整。因此保持緊密的連接,以防止腸道漏水。
    維他命D是常見的一種。我在星期二照顧了一位高管。他的空腹血糖為102,這屬於前糖尿病範圍。之前沒有醫生指出這一點。他的膽固醇開始上升,血壓也在邊緣值。雖然不高到需要用藥,但我們希望在他需要用藥之前扭轉這種情況。他的身體炎症水平比較高,導致了隱藏的疼痛和不適,這對他來說不太好。我們有幾種方式來衡量這些指標。對於他來說,他的同型半胱氨酸水平偏高,為14.7。這是一個在基本面板中非常容易測量的指標。我們希望同型半胱氨酸(心臟特異性炎症)保持在5到7之間。當它偏高時,告訴我們體內的生物化學過程,尤其是甲基化,運作得不太好。甲基化就是在碳原子上加上三個氫原子。這是一個打開和關閉基因的方式。在這個病人的情況下,他沒有攝取足夠的甲基化B族維生素。所以我們為他開始了一個補充劑以幫助他解決這個問題。這是個常見的情況。他的睾酮水平很好,所以不需要處理這個。這位男士大約52歲,他的皮質醇水平也很好。他是東部一家公司的首席財務官。
    有趣的是,這位名叫Steve的男士是一名運動員。他在高中和大學都打過橄欖球。他有運動員的身份認同。但當他52歲來見我時,他幾乎不再運動。他可能每週舉一次重量,每週游泳約30分鐘。因此,他沒有像在20世紀時那樣充分利用葡萄糖的排放。
    理解他動作的原因很大一部分在於重新認同他作為運動員的身份,並利用這一點來解決他身體內開始出現的代謝危機,趕在為時已晚之前解決這個問題。因為他體內有過多的葡萄糖,但卻沒有足夠的運動來消耗它。沒錯。他的身體必須儲存這些葡萄糖,導致發炎。他提到,聽著,剛過完聖誕假期,我吃了很多磅蛋糕,也喝了一些雞尾酒。你知道,也許這就是問題的一部分。但我們測量了他的血紅蛋白 A1C,這是三個月內葡萄糖變化的總結。而問題早在聖誕節之前就已經存在。所以我們需要讓他開始進行運動。回到荷爾蒙,我真的想結束關於皮質醇這個主題的討論,因為我知道這是一種非常重要的荷爾蒙。我之前聽你說過,你相信皮質醇是最需要平衡的荷爾蒙。你想把重點放在皮質醇上,首先就是這一點。對我這樣的人來說,有沒有其他需要知道的事情來平衡我的皮質醇水平?此外,你認為有多少百分比的人口是皮質醇失衡的?我們沒有關於分子或分母的數據。我的病人群體中,擁有皮質醇異常問題的人特別多。在我測試的所有人中,大約有 90% 的人有皮質醇方面的問題。這其中包括專業運動員。因為至少在美國,例如籃球運動員,他們的旅行頻繁,經常進行背靠背的比賽。他們承受的皮質醇負荷及壓力非常高,即使對於習慣高強度表現的 20 或 30 歲的人也是如此。所以這個比例是相當高的。如果我必須看看整體人口,那將是完全的猜測。我會說大約有 30% 到 50%。如果你是一位運動員,並且你的皮質醇水平升高,你該怎麼辦?我認為有一些不同的方法。可以採用自上而下的方法,這是一種認知方法,就像是我的前額皮質層是什麼?我該如何利用它來應對這個問題?然後還有更多是自下而上的方法,即利用感官來創造安全感並改變皮質醇信號,類似於身體內的警報聲。所以呼吸訓練在這方面是非常重要的。冥想。不同形式的運動。舞蹈。你知道,有節奏的運動。走路。登山。跑步稍微有些棘手。因為這可能成為壓力反應,並可能提高皮質醇。因此,我會說對於專業運動員,我通常推薦定期冥想,找出一個適合他們的好方法。因為你知道,對某些人來說,基於正念的壓力減少是一種好方法,但並不適合每個人。其他人則喜歡共振呼吸,比如5秒吸氣、7秒呼氣、每分鐘 6 次的呼吸,持續10到20分鐘。這真的有助於在副交感神經系統之間創造平衡。所以如果他們的皮質醇很高,我經常做的一件事是給他們提供皮質醇管理器,這是一種補充劑,裡面含有印度人參和磷脂酰絲氨酸。這已被證明能降低皮質醇水平。所以如果他們要旅行,並且在客場比賽後需要飛回費城,皮質醇管理器可以幫助他們管理自己的皮質醇。我找到了名為,不知道怎麼發音,但應該是羅迪歐拉?哦,羅迪歐拉。是的,羅迪歐拉是一種適應原。因此,這是一種草藥療法,已被證明能幫助調節皮質醇。最低的皮質醇?是的。我讀到它可能會提高你的專注力。是的,確實如此。你會給運動員開這種藥嗎?會的。因此,我通常嘗試讓大多數運動員在早上第一件事情或在睡覺之前服用補充劑。白天這樣做比較困難。因此,我通常會從皮質醇管理器開始,因為我認為它的數據最好。但羅迪歐拉也是不錯的選擇,我也有開過這種藥。要人們在這方面改變是容易的嗎?讓他們做出一系列不同的決定?我認為現在是很多人思考變化的時期,很多人每年都反覆失敗於他們所說想要做的改變。要讓某人改變容易嗎?我會說行為改變是我們人類最難做的事情。我認為不良的童年經歷往往會設置一種很難打破的模式。但我看到人們不斷改變他們的行為。我認為部分原因取決於保持不變的痛苦程度。如果足夠高以激勵你,幫助你避免之前令你失敗的那一兩口龍舌蘭。如果你有一些能讓你負責的東西,像是霍索恩效應,像是連續葡萄糖監測儀,我認為這也非常有幫助。就好像有人在監視你一樣,因為我的病人通過他們的連續葡萄糖數據,我在監視他們。我正在掃描他們。但這不是意味著,在改變的過程中,有些人只是需要更多的痛苦嗎?我會說每個人有著不同的痛苦程度能夠激勵改變。你有沒有見過這樣的情況?我們幾週前也在討論這個問題,當你試圖幫助某人時,你實際上最終卻是在支持他們。因為你介入以阻止他們經歷可能會面臨的痛苦,最終你會傷害他們,因為你阻止他們到達那個地方,這裡稱為谷底,那是自我激勵改變會發生的地方。這是一個好問題。
    我認為,激勵和表達你對於在伴侶、朋友或家庭成員身上願意容忍的事情之間有一條細微的界線。而且,同時也涉及到使人依賴或共生的情況。所以你必須試圖找到那條界線。我在我的職業生涯中發現的一件事情,花了一段時間才學會,就是如果某人對自己所做的事情以及這些事情如何影響他們的關係、健康或工作能力抱有否認態度,舉例來說,過度飲酒、與酒精之間的糾纏關係,那就不是我的工作去突破他們的否認。他們必須自己做到這一點。這是他們的工作。
    現在,我可以說酒精對健康沒有益處。這是它的影響。這是它對女性大腦的影響。這是它對男性大腦的影響。這是它如何打破你腸道的邊界並造成腸漏的結果。這些都是它的不良影響。但突破他們的否認不是我的工作。他們必須自己去做。這是非常困難的,尤其是當你有一位家庭成員、朋友或伴侶正在做一些對自己有害的事情時。但如果你是朋友或家庭成員,你認為你的工作是什麼?你的工作是確定你的界限是什麼,你願意容忍什麼來維持關係。那就是,干預發揮作用的地方,你 confront那個人,告訴他,我真的很擔心你。這是我所見到的情況。我真的覺得你需要以不同的方式來處理這件事。你願意嗎?但這是一個有共識的過程。你不能替他們去做。
    你的經驗是什麼?好吧,我只是,因為這幾年我能以比十年前更好的方式幫助人們,不論是財務上還是其他方面。因此,當我生活中的某個人以某種方式掙扎時,我通常會受到誘惑去介入一些拐杖。而在過去15年中,我實際上看到我為一些朋友所做的最好的事情並不是干預。也不是為他們支付某些費用或照顧他們的事情,而是對他們保持誠實,然後在他們自己找到解決辦法的過程中陪伴著他們。通常這其實是移走我的拐杖,意味著他們會跌倒一下,然後自己爬出溝渠,過上更好的生活。所以我總是想到這一點,我們中的很多人通過愛或因為我們能夠幫助人而最終在生活中支撐著別人,實際上是對他們的損害,因為我們在某種程度上抑制了他們的自然成長之旅。
    我同意這一點。我同意這一點。我也想說,你剛才描述的情況是以非常有愛的方式對某人反映鏡子,但同時也很清晰。這是一面乾淨的鏡子,與簡單地借錢給他們是非常不同的。
    是的,然後在他們跌倒和掙扎並試圖讓事情有所改變的時候支持他們。你早些時候提到你最近檢查的高管。你說他的睾丸激素水平是正常的。是的。 我應該在什麼年齡開始考慮我的睾丸激素水平,還是應該一直考慮?因為我覺得這是我在進入40、50歲時需要擔心的事情。通常不會在40歲之前下降,但我建議你現在就做一個基準評估。好的,基準生物標記評估是值得的。你知道嗎,在疫情期間,我們發現的一件事情是,國家籃球協會在泡沫中比賽。他們在佛羅里達州比賽。這些球員與他們的家庭隔絕,困在佛羅里達州一段時間。他們的睾丸激素水平很低。而這些球員通常睾丸激素水平很高。因此,特定的情況可能會影響你的睾丸激素水平。
    是什麼影響了他們呢?部分原因是他們被困在飯店裡,處於泡沫中,無法離開,與社區、家庭、朋友及通常宣洩壓力的方式隔絕。我想他們沒有測量他們的皮質醇,但我想它可能比正常情況高。女性也有睾丸激素。不過你之前說過,男性的睾丸激素是女性的10倍。男性的確比較多,但這是女性體內最豐富的激素。女性對它非常敏感。它是最豐富的激素?是的,濃度高於雌激素或孕激素。女性的睾丸激素約為15到17納克?我在WebMD上讀到的。是的,這是一個相當不錯的水平。在男性中,則是300到1000納克?是的,我希望它能落在500到1000之間。
    如果我是一名男性,低睾丸激素的徵兆會是什麼?腹部脂肪,男性乳腺發育。那是什麼?那就是當你有乳房發展。好吧,情緒變化、情緒波動、易怒、抑鬱、心血管變化、勃起功能障礙、性慾降低。女性呢?如果一名女性睾丸激素低,我們在女性身上會看到哪些症狀?它們是相似的。因此,兩性都會感到疲勞,這是非常普遍的。性慾減退。她們可能在健身房鍛煉,但卻未見效果。她們可能會有一些脫髮。而女性的睾丸激素還有一些獨特特徵。比如我們看到的有關MBA學生的研究,獲得工商管理碩士學位的學生中,睾丸激素較高的女性往往對財務風險感到更加舒適。我相信這也是與自信心和自主性有關。我們對此的實證數據較少。但這些是我看到的一些情況。這是男性和女性的活力荷爾蒙。因此,如果一名女性睾丸激素低,她可能會自信心下降、動力不足、自主性不足。不願冒險。性慾減退。如果她的睾丸激素水平過高呢?太高了。
    這段文字翻譯成繁體中文如下:
    因此,高睾酮水平往往與多囊卵巢症候群相關。
    這是女性最常見的荷爾蒙失衡問題。
    它會導致不孕。
    它會導致在不想長毛的地方出現多餘的毛髮。
    這可能包括例如下巴和胸部之間。
    它可能導致一些人出現胰島素抗性,但並非所有人,大約70%的多囊卵巢症候群患者有胰島素抗性。
    所以它會導致多餘雄激素的症狀,如痤瘡和多毛症。
    它也與線粒體的問題有關。
    同時,它與失調的壓力反應也有關聯。
    這是我們在多囊卵巢症候群患者中看到的問題。
    所以,如果我是一名男性或女性,想要調整我的睾酮水平,而不希望注射睾酮,是否有自然且簡單的方法可以讓我的睾酮水平平衡?
    這取決於睾酮水平有多不正常。
    首要的地方是你的皮質醇,因為皮質醇與其他荷爾蒙之間有相互依賴的關係。
    所以如果你是製造大量皮質醇的人,那麼你會產生較少的睾酮。
    例如我提到的NBA球員處於隔離狀態,可能他們的壓力很高,皮質醇也高,這就是為什麼他們的睾酮水平會較低。
    那麼,如果我是一名患有多囊卵巢症候群的女性,我的睾酮水平很高,這是否意味著我想增加我的皮質醇?
    不是的,這種情況下,我們知道食物可能是多囊卵巢症候群患者最重要的因素。
    在七天內,通過飲食減少碳水化合物,你可以改變你的睾酮水平。
    所以你可以顯著降低它。
    七天內?
    對,在七天內。
    運動。
    我目前採取的是生酮飲食,所以我的碳水化合物攝取非常低。
    這是否意味著我的睾酮水平會低?
    不一定,因為你不是多囊卵巢症候群患者,所以這在性別之間並不完全可以轉換。
    但對於你來說,生酮飲食通常會使胰島素水平降低,所以確實似乎有助於代謝健康。
    這可能會引起一些甲狀腺功能障礙,因此值得追蹤甲狀腺功能。
    我們知道,生酮飲食的人有時會增加發炎。
    有些人是超響應者,他們在生酮飲食下表現非常好。
    但有些人的LDL,即所謂的壞脂蛋白,僅有大約10%的變化。
    如果你持續四個星期以上,我通常建議你查看一些生物標記。
    那麼我們來談談雌激素,因為我原以為只有女性才有雌激素,但你告訴我這也是男性的重要荷爾蒙。
    確實如此。
    為什麼對於兩性來說它都如此重要?
    它的作用是什麼?
    我會說對女性來說更重要,因為它調節整個女性身體。
    在我們的身體中有雌激素受體。
    當女性在不同的生命階段中,雌激素會很低。
    第一次是在產後。
    所以如果你生了孩子,你的雌激素從極高的水平下降到幾乎沒有,當你生下孩子和胎盤的時候。
    因此,對於許多女性來說,當她們產後,可能會有情緒問題,感到疲憊,這種疲憊不僅僅是因為缺乏睡眠,這可能是更年期和更年期前期的預兆。
    所以這是一個機會窗口,可以告訴你雌激素在身體中的作用。
    對女性的身體而言,雌激素有數百種功能。
    它會讓她的關節潤滑。
    我們知道,在更年期和圍絕經期的女性中,冷凍肩是一個非常常見的診斷,因為雌激素受體無法獲得足夠的雌激素。
    它們並沒有進行雌激素和雌激素受體之間的分子性交。
    所以雌激素對女性而言至關重要。
    它調節情緒、乳房發展和髖部發展。
    它是關節的潤滑劑。
    對你的皮膚也非常重要。
    當雌激素下降時,你會產生較少的膠原蛋白。
    這就是為什麼女性會注意到她們的皮膚衰老。
    至於男性則稍有不同。
    其動態範圍較窄。
    一般而言,我們希望男性擁有足夠的雌激素以執行一些身體功能,比如保持骨骼強壯,但不過量。
    它對我身體的脂肪分佈有影響嗎?
    那麼,脂肪儲存等是如何分佈的?
    對於男性,我不太清楚。
    我不確定答案。
    我需要查一下並再告訴你。
    但對於女性來說,沒錯,絕對如此。
    因此,對於超過40歲的女性來說,通常她們會變得胰島素抗性。
    她們的細胞對胰島素變得麻木。
    我們知道,她們在40歲之後每十年會增加約五磅的脂肪,而損失約五磅的肌肉。
    所以脂肪的重新分佈,正如你所說,可能意味著她們在胸部、髖部和臀部的脂肪減少,而在腹部的脂肪則增加。
    那麼這在男性中會發生嗎?
    我認為男性中也有類似的情況,但我需要確認。
    那是不可避免的嗎?
    不。
    不。
    不,你是有選擇的。
    因此對女性來說,我認為重要的是了解哪些雌激素水平與最佳功能相關。
    這就是為什麼我認為基線測試是如此有幫助的。
    了解你目前的甲狀腺功能、皮質醇、睾酮。
    了解你的代謝健康狀況。
    這樣當你到了40歲時,你可以回首並說,好的,我當時處於最佳狀態。
    我想回到類似的狀態。
    所以對於女性,我想說的是,現在有73%到75%的女性得不到她們在圍絕經期和更年期應得到的治療。
    例如,她們沒有被提供荷爾蒙治療,這一定要改變。
    但激素療法可以幫助逆轉這種情況,讓你在年紀增長時比較不會出現一些身體成分的變化。而這不僅僅是激素療法。我會說這超越了激素療法。它涉及雌激素、孕激素、睪促素,還有重力訓練和心血管健身,正確處理葡萄糖,選擇合適的食物。正確處理葡萄糖?是的,你是什麼意思呢?所以,比如說在我三十多歲的時候,我的空腹葡萄糖非常高,屬於前糖尿病範圍。因此我需要改變消耗葡萄糖的方式,就像透過運動來使用它。處理葡萄糖就像一個輸入-輸出方程式,你的輸入來自食物,輸出則是來自運動,你想要讓這兩者之間達到良好的匹配。而抵抗訓練、力量訓練是處理葡萄糖的最佳方式,對吧?我認為這是一個關鍵的方法。我們知道力量訓練能夠增強肌肉,通常情況下,你擁有的肌肉量越多,新陳代謝就越好。這一改變已經改變了我和我的團隊如何運動、訓練和思考我們的身體。當丹尼爾·利伯曼博士在《首席執行官日記》出現時,他解釋了現代鞋子如何透過其緩衝和支撐讓我們的腳變得更弱,無法做到大自然所期望的功能。我們已經失去了雙腳的自然力量和靈活性,這導致了背痛和膝蓋疼痛等問題。我已經購買了一雙Viva Barefoot鞋子,於是我把它們展示給丹尼爾·利伯曼,他告訴我這正是能幫助我恢復自然足部運動和重建力量的鞋子。但我認為我曾經得過跟腱炎,突然我的腳一直都在疼痛。在那之後,我決定通過使用Viva Barefoot鞋子來加強我自己的足部。來自利物浦大學的研究支持了這一點。他們顯示穿著Vivo Barefoot鞋六個月可以增加足部力量高達60%。請訪問VivoBarefoot.com/DOAC並使用代碼DOAC20享受8折優惠。這是VivoBarefoot.com/DOAC。使用代碼DOAC20。一個強壯的身體從強壯的雙腳開始。纖維在這一切中扮演什麼角色?因為現在有很多人談論纖維,說我們纖維不足。哦,確實是。我是說,普通美國人每天攝取的纖維大約是14克,而我們應該攝取約30到35、40克。我們的舊石器時代祖先甚至攝取更多,每天50到100克。所以我們攝取的纖維不夠。纖維對穩定血糖至關重要,蛋白質的攝入也是如此。但要從真正的食物中獲取纖維,知道,攝取足夠的蔬菜。我們從微生物組的研究中知道,每周你需要攝取約25到35種不同的水果和蔬菜,以便能夠滋養你的微生物組。那微生物組在我的激素功能中扮演什麼角色?這個角色非常重要。所以你的微生物組是控制雌激素水平以及可能的睪酮水平的一個控制功能。所以在肚子裡有三種細菌可以將雌激素轉換並不斷循環,這是一種雙向關係。這些人會有更高的雌激素水平。在男性中,這往往與更高的代謝異常風險、前列腺癌有關。而在女性中,這與更高的乳腺癌和子宮內膜癌有關。這很多都是由腸道微生物組引起的。是的,而微生物組他們最喜愛的食物是纖維。所以你保持微生物組、微生物快樂和健康的方式就是給他們供應足夠的纖維。什麼食物含有高纖維?是西蘭花之類的嗎?是的。因此西蘭花、球芽甘藍、花椰菜、捲心菜、球莖甘藍。你吃什麼?你如何生活?所以我是一個感官主義者。因此我喜歡食物。我喜歡食物的味道。我喜歡食物的氣味。我喜歡食物的外觀。我有過飲食失調的歷史。我年輕時有厭食症,在我的二十到三十歲時有暴食症。但現在我對食物的關係更加中立。我已經連續七年幾乎不間斷地佩戴著持續性葡萄糖監測儀。因此,我知道很多有助於我的食物。通常早餐我喜歡吃蛋。因此我吃新鮮雞蛋,通常是炒蛋或輕煮。我喜歡搭配綠色蔬菜或前一天晚上剩下的其他蔬菜。我吃很多蔬菜。我每天的目標是大約半磅到一磅。這是分成沙拉、晚餐的蔬菜、奶昔。我在奶昔中加入蔬菜和蛋白質粉。我吃很多十字花科蔬菜。我有緩慢的解毒通道。我在基因上知道這一點,並且從我的生物標記測試中也知道。這意味著什麼?這意味著這也許與我的敏感性有關。我不能足夠製造谷胱甘肽,而這就是解毒的一種方式。它是你身體中的一種抗氧化劑。因此我喜歡通過確保攝取足夠的十字花科蔬菜來縮小這個差距。我多吃西蘭花芽。你對生酮飲食有什麼看法?我喜歡生酮飲食。因為在你的書中,有一章叫做「生酮悖論」。是的。你對生酮飲食有什麼看法?我發現在生酮飲食上,男性的表現往往比女性更好。而我發現女性可能與荷爾蒙及其敏感性有關,通常有更多的甲狀腺功能障礙。
    她們有更多的月經不規則,約有45%的女性在傳統的生酮飲食下有此情況。因此,女性在生酮飲食上往往面臨更多的問題。她們進入酮症的時間通常比男性要長。即使男性平均只需斷食約14至16小時就能開始產生酮,而女性則需要更長時間,大約18至20小時。因此,這可能與生育能力有關。在進化上,我們受到一些壓力,不應該進入生酮狀態。這使得女性更難進入酮症並維持在酮症中。對女性來說,進行生酮飲食是否有危險?因為你提到她們的月經會變得不規則。這並非必然。我認為這取決於你的實施方式。你知道,關於生酮飲食的許多數據並不適用於你或我。因為我們所掌握的數據大多是關於癲癇病患者的,所以他們是不同的群體。他們還在一種非常嚴格的生酮飲食中,碳水化合物每天不超過10到20克。因此,我認為你可以調整你的碳水化合物攝取量,找出你的碳水化合物閾值,以便能夠維持在酮症中,獲取蔬菜中的所有植物營養素的好處,並兼顧兩方面,以便獲得健康益處,改善代謝功能,降低胰島素水平,而不會產生一些副作用。那些副作用是什麼呢?我看到的主要副作用是甲狀腺功能障礙。有時候,一些真的限制碳水化合物的人會出現皮質醇升高。這也可能影響血清素,導致人們在生酮飲食下睡得不太好。現在,有些人喜歡這樣。他們進入生酮飲食後會說「哦,我每晚只需睡六到七個小時」。但隨著時間的推移,如果你需要更多,而血清素是你睡得不好的根本原因,這可能會引發問題。生酮飲食是否還有其他對我的激素,比如睾酮或其他激素的影響,值得一提?因為我很好奇,是否應該長期保持生酮飲食。我通常每年會做幾周,但我在考慮這是否可以持續一年甚至更長時間。因此,我認為如果你想持續超過幾周,最好檢查一下你的生物標記。你需要確保這符合你身體的智慧。因此,做一些分子檔案分析,看看這是否適合你。你見過那些長期保持生酮飲食且生物標記良好的人嗎?是的。好吧。我認為重要的是要理解,有時生酮飲食會對運動表現產生不利影響。因此,對你來說,這可能是一個有趣的實驗,比如跑步和你的5K時間。許多運動員在想要實驗生酮飲食時,譬如他們是自行車賽車手,想減輕體重以提升力量。他們通常在比賽前兩周重新增加碳水化合物,以填充他們的糖原儲備。因此,這是另一個你可能想要追踪的方面,即運動表現。如果我想減肥,有什麼最佳方法嗎?因為生酮飲食是我發現的最快減肥方式。然而,無論是男性還是女性在減掉那種煩人的脂肪,特別是腹部脂肪,會有不同的挑戰。如果有人來找你這樣說,你會怎麼回答他們?我喜歡生酮飲食用於減肥,並且我對減肥非常謹慎,因為…這是個問題。這是一個問題。我認為身體羞辱是一個大問題。所以我對此非常謹慎。但談到生酮飲食,我喜歡它的一點是酮體非常令人滿意。這樣它會增加你的飽腹感。我認為這比試圖限制你的卡路里和處於卡路里赤字狀態更有效。因此,通常在生酮飲食中,你會進行卡路里赤字,但你正在產生酮體,這使你感到更滿足,所以你不會站在冰箱前面想知道下一次何時能吃東西。而斷食呢?你知道,關於自噬和進行這種長時間斷食來療癒身體的話題有很多。你對此有什麼看法?我認為斷食是有時機和場合的。我認為這些方式可以激活身體內一些有益的途徑,可以對你很好。因此,它對粒線體是有益的。它可以幫助你的荷爾蒙平衡,舉例來說,對胰島素有幫助。因此,你提到希望減肥並解決腹部脂肪的人。我會說這是一個你需要特別注意胰島素的情況。因此,斷食可以達到這個目的。生酮飲食也可以。通常我們會結合這兩者,因為通過與生酮飲食一起進行間歇性斷食,你可以更快誘導酮症。生酮飲食算是一種斷食的形式嗎?可以這樣理解。我是說,我會說它使你可以斷食,並且使行為改變變得更容易。你知道,有些人對斷食很好,它不會提高他們的皮質醇,也不會引起壓力反應。而其他人則在進行生酮飲食或斷食時會感到十分緊張。
    以下是翻譯文本:
    因此,部分內容是試著了解你對所食用食物的反應,以了解什麼最適合我?我如何感覺最好?我的認知功能何時達到最佳水平?什麼能幫助我緩解腦霧?什麼能幫助我應對過敏或你正在追蹤的其他症狀?如你所知,酮類物質是身體產生的,你的身體就像一輛混合動力車,能夠在燃燒汽油(在這個比喻中類似於葡萄糖)和電力(在這個比喻中類似於酮類物質)之間切換。關於酮類物質的特點是,它們不僅僅是一種能讓你感到滿足的飽腹分子,它們在體內還具有抗炎特性。因此,它們是一個重要的信號傳導途徑。你的身體產生酮類物質是有原因的。
    那麼,你想這樣做一年嗎?我們需要看看你的生物標誌。你的基因組發展的正常方式是根據食物供應來進出酮症。而現在食物充足,幾乎所有人都沒有進入酮症。但能夠來回切換對你來說可能非常健康。
    當人們找你詢問有關荷爾蒙的問題時,你一定在你的職業生涯中看到有關荷爾蒙主題的興趣發生了變化。但也有一個關於荷爾蒙健康的特定領域,人們對此愈發著迷。在今天我們所談論的所有有關荷爾蒙的主題中,現在人們最感興趣的是什麼?我想對女性而言,是更年期前期。而對於不知何為更年期前期的人來說,這通常於35至45歲之間開始。這是你的卵巢開始耗竭成熟卵子的年齡,並且你卵子的線粒體不再如以前那樣運作。因此,你的卵巢正在衰老,這導致荷爾蒙水平的變化。
    許多人認為更年期前期主要是一種荷爾蒙狀況,包括雌激素、黃體素,甚至可能是睪丸素的變化。我認為重要的是要意識到,這比這要廣泛得多。這涉及到你的新陳代謝系統、你的大腦對葡萄糖的反應,還有你的免疫系統。這是一個更多女性經歷自身免疫和自身免疫疾病的時期。因此,更年期前期是一個極具動態的時期,女性經歷超過100種的症狀。這讓我感到非常困惑。
    幾週前,我剛和我的經紀人及出版社談過,他們都是40出頭的女性。她們有一些症狀,就是那些與更年期前期特徵性相關的100種症狀之一。她們去看醫生,說我有情緒波動,睡眠困難,以及一些夜間出汗,這是更年期前期嗎?醫生卻說,不,你太年輕了。所以這是一個知識差距。還有一個研究差距和一個巨大的治療差距,尤其是對於處於更年期前期的女性而言。大多數女性都得不到她們所需的治療。
    那麼,她們最關心的是什麼?她們在問,為什麼我感到如此失調?為什麼我無法像以前那樣管理壓力?為什麼我寧願拖地,而不是和丈夫發生性關係?為什麼性突然變得疼痛?為什麼我有這種似乎不知從哪裡冒出來的腹部脂肪,而我通常用來解決這個問題的方法不起作用?這些問題都是她們問的,這與你們的荷爾蒙有關。
    你見過最年輕進入更年期前期的人有多大年紀?我見過一些女性有早發性卵巢功能不足,即在40歲之前進入更年期。因此,在我職業生涯中,我也看到了一定數量的病例,可能有50名患者。這相對較為罕見。然後,我見過那些有早期更年期的女性,這是指她們停止月經,或者她們的FSH(濾泡刺激素)水平達到25到30。FSH是什麼?它是身體中控制雌激素和黃體素的荷爾蒙之一。因此,如果出現這種情況,她們的最後一次月經期是在40到45歲之間。這被視為早期更年期。所以在這個荷爾蒙波動劇烈的時期,尤其是雌激素,黃體素也在下降,而女性所經歷的症狀卻是增加的。沒有人真正對其進行仔細的追蹤,而這需要改變。
    通過她們的血液樣本進行追蹤,連接她們的症狀與卵巢、免疫系統和新陳代謝系統中所發生的事,並為她們彙總這些信息,提供選擇。你相信許多更年期的症狀是可以避免的嗎?是的,沒錯。我的意思是,盡早使用荷爾蒙療法和生活方式醫學來管理這一過渡。因為當一位女性現在去看醫生時,醫生可能會說,嗯,你變老了,這就是會發生的事。或者他們可能完全沒注意到。
    正確,或者他們可能會開避孕藥,這在更年期前期的女性中使用相當普遍。但我認為這不是正確的解決方案。你對避孕藥的看法如何?我認為如果它們能幫助你避免手術,可能是有益的。但我認為它們在我們的文化中被過度使用。大多數同意使用避孕藥的人並沒有得到充分的知情同意。她們沒有被告知這會使她們體內的炎症增加兩到三倍。它會增加你患上自身免疫疾病的風險,尤其是克隆病。它會使你的荷爾蒙控制系統變得不夠靈活。它可能會剝奪你的睪丸素。它可能會降低你的游離睪丸素。它還可能使你的陰蒂縮小達20%。
    我覺得如果這是知情同意的一部分,那麼很少人會參加這個。那麼口服避孕藥是為了誰呢?你知道,我曾經認為這是一項女性主義的發明,是把生育權掌握在自己手裡的方式。我在16歲時開始服用口服避孕藥。但我感覺它有一些成本,許多青少年和二、三十歲的女性並不瞭解。對我來說,這種認識是非常重要的。那麼它是為了誰呢?我會說這是一個簡單的進入避孕的方法。但我更希望人們使用像IUD(子宮內避孕器)或安全套等不擾亂荷爾蒙智慧的屏障方法。你怎麼樣?哦,挺好的。非常好。我喜歡這個問題。我兩年前經歷了一場離婚。我覺得,你知道,我有兩個女兒。她們都上了大學,離開了家。我意識到我和我現在的前夫的時間已經走到了盡頭。我們曾一起創造了這個美好的家庭,但我們再也不是彼此的合適人選了。因此,我的靈性工作很大一部分是要面對這一點,並清楚地了解,好的,對於我生命的下半場,我想要什麼?我的使命是什麼?我如何支持這一點?我如何只對我說「好」的事給予全身的認可?如何做到?全身的「好」。這是什麼意思?全身的「好」。這是我從我的一位導師戴安娜·查普曼那裡學到的。她是從我相信,凱蒂·亨德里克斯那裡學到的,她是一名治療師。這個觀念是,與其僅僅從認知的角度對事物說「好」,聽上去是個好主意,聽上去是個好機會,我來試試看。倒不如,你要檢視一下自己的全身。要檢視一下你的內心。要檢視一下你的直覺。這在世界上真的能產生影響嗎?這會讓我早上跳出床嗎?這值得我花時間和精力去做嗎?我比你年長一些。所以我對這些機會的看法與我過去的看法有了一些不同。你結婚多久了?你與你的伴侶交往多久了?我們在一起大約22年,結婚了20年。經過20多年的時間,怎麼知道已經不合適了呢?嗯,我很想和你一起探討這個問題。好吧。我可以告訴你,在我的婚姻中,有一部分挑戰是我們在談論困難話題時有困難。因此,這些高度緊張的話題對我們來說是很難駕馭的。當我們有衝突或爭吵時,我們修復得不是很好。修復是部分的,你會感覺足夠好以繼續正常運作,照顧孩子,做家務。但你並沒有真正感覺到被理解或沒有清理掉內心的痛苦。有一種我並不完全被理解或看到的感覺。這不是我要求伴侶給我的,但我覺得我們之間有種不和諧的感受。現在,我在一段關係中,我擁有我剛才提到的那些東西。這是我認識超過30年的人。我們曾在UCSF一起做實習生。我現在意識到,我和我的前夫走到一起,我真的很感激我們曾擁有的生活和家庭。但我們也有創傷的聯結。他的創傷和我的創傷在某種程度上交疊。我們堅持了很長一段時間,也許比我們應該的更長。那麼你怎麼知道?我不知道,史蒂芬。我只能告訴你,我們的互動在我身體中創造了不調節的感覺。我不想責怪他。這是有兩方面的。但我們之間就沒有很合拍。這難道不是能透過溝通、治療或坐下來討論來解決的問題嗎?我希望如此。但在我們結婚的20年裡,有大約10年是接受情侶治療。而這些治療並沒有真正化解我們的一些衝突。我們變得更擅長於使用「我」的說法。我們學會了表達自己的感受而不是責怪對方。當我們在談論一些困難的事情時,我們變得更擅長一起去散步。但我在這段關係中依然感到孤獨和寂寞。我決定,我想很多女性也會做出這個決定,我覺得單獨比繼續這段婚姻更好。當人們聽到這個,對於像你這樣的處境,可能會認為,哦,也許他忙於其他事情,或者他在外工作。當你說到孤獨,這些是我們想到的事情,我們想到接近感。但我猜你在說,這並不是接近感。這不是接近感。我認為是……我們在表達愛、感受和接收愛方面很困難。這存在著障礙。有些部分是創傷。好消息是,有很多方式可以解決創傷。但是我到了無法再嘗試的地步。我嘗試了很多年,但我無法繼續嘗試下去。當你回顧時,你認為在這之前有什麼可以做的來防止你走到這一步嗎?是的,這是一個很好的問題。你知道,我看到的一件事是,改善創傷的方法之中,迷幻藥輔助的療法比其他任何方法都有效。這是以更客觀的視角看待自己的故事和生命事實的一種方式。這是解決創傷如何在系統中嵌入的一種方式。因此,我大約在五年前開始接受迷幻藥輔助的療法,期望它能幫助我改善婚姻。我希望隨著時間的推移,我能夠為解決自己身體中的創傷印記而盡自己的一份力量。
    也許我們可以一起做迷幻藥物療法,重新聯繫我們之前對彼此的愛,減少外界的噪音,調低噪音的音量。
    但我們無法做到這一點。
    他不願意。
    他不願意。
    他對迷幻藥物並不開放。
    而不是每個人都是如此。
    我不責怪他。
    我認為還有其他方法可以創造治癒的意識狀態。
    比如呼吸練習可以做到。
    濒死經歷、巔峰經歷都可以做到。
    心流狀態。
    有很多不同的方法可以創造這些治癒的意識狀態。
    但我們無法一起進入那種治癒的狀態。
    我想簡單提一下我投資的一家公司,贊助了這個播客,叫做Zoe。
    像我一樣,許多人都非常重視追蹤自己的健身和睡眠。
    但有多少人了解自己的身體如何處理食物?
    代謝健身就是了解你的代謝如何對食物作出反應。
    而且我們每個人的反應都不同。
    所以Zoe創建了一個測試,幫助你了解你的身體反應。
    一開始是他們著名的測試餅乾,這些餅乾是相同熱量、糖分和脂肪的測試餐,因此作為一種代謝挑戰。
    此外,你還會佩戴一個持續的血糖監測器,檢測你的血糖水平。
    我做過這個測試,結果讓我想知道我的代謝健康與其他像我一樣的人的比較。
    我的結果揭示了一切。
    所以如果你想了解你的身體對食物的反應,現在就去Zoe.com訂購你的測試套件。
    如果你想要折扣,結賬時使用代碼Bartlett10可享受會員10%的優惠。
    作為Zoe的會員,你將獲得一個家庭測試套件和個性化營養計劃,幫助你做出更明智的飲食選擇,支持你的健康。
    那就是Zoe.com,使用代碼Bartlett10。
    我之前提到的那些更年期專家之一Lisa告訴我,當女性達到更年期年齡時,往往能夠更清晰地知道自己想要什麼。
    她這樣告訴我的。
    她還說,我們觀察到在這個人生階段,離婚率會上升。
    這是真的嗎?
    確實如此。
    確實如此。
    是的。
    我的一位導師向我解釋說,當你在生育年齡,亦即更年期之前,每天體內的雌激素、孕激素和睪丸激素水平不同。
    這讓你可以適應,也讓你能夠隨遇而安,而這種靈活性會在經歷圍絕經期和更年期之後開始消失。
    因此,我的導師描述的情況是,荷爾蒙的面紗被撥開,你開始說出你的真實情感,而不僅僅是迎合。
    你可能第一次講出你對婚姻狀態的真實感受,對於讓你快樂的事情,或是讓你不快樂的事情。
    這確實導致了離婚率的上升。
    那你的幸福感呢?
    是否增加了你的幸福感?
    我認為是的。
    有一項非常有趣的研究叫做U型彎曲,研究成年人心理健康的變化。
    它在你的20歲和30歲剛開始時最高。
    然後有一個U型,心理健康會下降。
    我知道你32歲,所以我有點抱歉告訴你這個消息。
    然後在50歲左右再次回升。
    所以心理健康再次上升。
    當我第一次聽到這個U型彎曲時,我記得在《經濟學人》上讀到相關的文章。
    這讓我感到非常認同,因為我覺得,哦,事情真的很艱難。
    我覺得這合理,因為我們在30多歲和40多歲時看到這樣的情況,然後再開始上升。
    我認為有方法可以改善你的心理健康,這樣你就不會停留在U型彎曲當中。
    但幸福感,我會說,幸福感,也就是心理健康在50多歲時又會回到高峰。
    我知道這個節目有很多女性在聽,我在與女性健康、荷爾蒙問題、更年期的對話中收到很多消息,因為許多年來女性覺得自己沒有被聽到和理解。
    她們經常感覺自己可能在被醫生或某些信息誤導。
    所以這對我來說非常不尋常。
    但你了解女性比我更深刻。
    你知道女性在她們生命的各個階段所關心的問題,她們擔心的事情,還有她們困惑的地方。
    所以我想開放討論,問你,在你所做的所有工作中,你知道你在為女性的荷爾蒙、飲食、生活方式、性慾、重拾平衡、睡眠、健康體重等方面所做的工作,但我這裡特別詢問的是女性。
    在考慮到這些情況的基礎上,我應該問你哪個問題?
    我們如何更好地支持女性?
    我們如何更好地支持女性?
    是的。
    我們如何系統地做到這一點?
    我們在女性健康護理方面如何做這一點?
    但我特別想詢問你,基於你擁有的平台。
    我們目前面臨的女性健康差距,在我30年的職業生涯中只會變得更糟,我認為詢問如何幫助女性提升是重要的。
    我們如何進行系統性改變,以縮小這一女性健康差距?
    讓我們一起縮小這個差距。
    我有一個問題要問你。
    你能猜到這是什麼問題嗎?
    我有個想法。
    那麼,請說。
    我相信女性健康差距根源於兩個方面。
    性別差異,你知道,女性擁有兩條X染色體,而男性則是X和Y。
    荷爾蒙差異,女性從事的生命週期的變化,如產後、懷孕、圍絕經期、更年期。
    但還有社會建構的性別差異。
    這包括女性承擔了超過應有的情感勞動,女性的壓力比男性更大,經歷更多的壓力,女性的創傷經歷也更多,因此她們的ACE(不良童年經歷)分數比男性高。這導致了,如果我們僅查看統計數據,抑鬱症的發病率是男性的兩倍,創傷後壓力症(PTSD)的發病率是男性的兩倍,失眠的發病率是男性的兩倍,自身免疫疾病的發病率是男性的四倍,甲狀腺功能障礙的發病率是男性的九倍。
    所以,有性別差異與這些結果相對應,但隨之而來的是性別差異。女性感覺缺乏支持,感到在努力創造工作與生活的平衡時內心矛盾,感受到更多壓力,這正是我們需要解決的問題。我們無法改變生物學,但我們可以改變性別差異。我們可以改變那些社會建構的差異,從而使成為女性成為一種健康危險。
    那麼告訴我,這社會建構的性別敘事是什麼,以至於導致女性遭遇不利的結果?有很多因素。我會說如果你查看神經系統,我們知道女性在交感神經系統和副交感神經系統之間的失衡更為明顯。這是什麼?交感神經系統是戰鬥、逃跑、凍結,而副交感神經系統則是休息和消化、餵養和繁殖、待著和玩耍。力量是放鬆、冷靜、遊玩。放鬆,冷靜。這裡是治癒發生的地方。我們並不是想永遠待在某一方,而是應該在這兩者之間保持一種流動的平衡。理想來說,應是50-50的分配。因此,女性在應對我們的文化時,交感神經的激活更多。因此需要尋找解決這個問題的方法,更大的壓力。
    至少在美國,我們每年進行這些壓力報告,發現女性的壓力平均比男性高出約10%。為什麼?這只是因為她們更可能報告嗎?還是有生物學或演化的原因使她們更感壓力?我不認為是生物學的問題。我認為這與權力失衡有關。我認為這與父權制有關。我認為這與掌控有關。例如,ACE分數。創傷分數。我們知道女性經歷的創傷比男性多,大約多出10%,與壓力情況相似。她們在更早的年齡就經歷創傷。她們遭受的性暴力更多。女性被強姦的機率是男性的14倍。因此,我們的文化允許女性被侵犯的方式必須結束。
    我們該如何做到這一點?我不知道。這是我們需要深入探討并弄清楚如何改變系統,使權力的分配更加平等。因此,如果把男性和女性或男孩和女孩放在同一壓力環境中,他們會有不同的生物標記嗎,比如生物標記?會看到女性的皮質醇水平較高,還是男性的皮質醇水平較高?我不知道答案。從Elain Aaron的高敏感性特徵的研究來看,我的直覺是男性與女性之間差不多。但我不確定,我需要查證一下。
    你看到女性或男性自體免疫疾病的發病率更高嗎?女性。四倍。四倍?是的。女性的自體免疫疾病比男性多400%。是的。這些自體免疫疾病包括什麼?舉個例子嗎?大約有100種自體免疫疾病,包括類風濕性關節炎、多發性硬化症、1型糖尿病、橋本氏甲狀腺炎(這是導致甲狀腺功能低下的主要原因)、銀屑病等。還有一長串。
    那麼,為什麼女性自體免疫疾病的發病率比男性高400%?我們不知道。所以推測這既與生物性差異、性別差異有關,也與社會建構的差異有關。生物性差異包括荷爾蒙水平的差異、X染色體的差異。女性對疫苗的反應相對於男性更強。我們的免疫系統在某些方面比男性的免疫系統更具反應性。但還有這些性別差異,這些社會建構的差異。比如,女性在拒絕方面有困難,女性會一直付出直到崩潰,過度運作,從小就被訓練去照顧他人而忽視自己的需求。因此,這些互相作用導致女性面臨四倍的風險,我們並不完全了解。但是,我們確實看到女性的風險是男性的四倍。
    你的看法是什麼?有關社會中的性別角色正進行著激烈的辯論。顯然,在過去幾十年中,發生了很大的變化,部分原因是避孕藥的推出,這使得女性工作的增多。我認為在西方世界,這些數字可能是錯的,出生的嬰兒越來越少。男性和女性的性行為減少。男性自殺的比例越來越高。女性的青春期來得更早,我相信,還是比較晚?是早些。然後生育的孩子數量減少且延遲。搞笑的是,我昨天看到一個圖表,顯示女性的乳腺癌上升。而實際上,我認為是女性與男性的所有癌症上升,而男性的數據則相對平穩。但女性癌症增加的趨勢相當明顯。我查看了一些研究,以了解為什麼會這樣。其中一項研究指出,由於女性晚育,這導致了癌症的增加。這合理嗎?這已經針對比如乳腺癌進行了研究。
    所以我們知道,有很多不同的因素可能增加女性罹患乳腺癌的風險。其中之一是你第一次懷孕的年齡。我們的想法是,這與雌激素的暴露有關。於是,懷孕的女性若是哺乳一年,會有一段時間(大約一年零九個月)內,與正常月經期間相比,她們的雌激素暴露會減少。因此,晚些時候生育似乎與較高的乳腺癌風險有關。當我接受培訓時,我被告知理想的懷孕年齡是24歲,而我身邊沒有一個朋友在二十幾歲就生過孩子。當你考慮到我們的生物學和荷爾蒙時,我們在性別角色上是否出現了什麼錯誤呢?
    我真的非常喜歡這些問題。我的意思是,這是思考實驗。所以是的,我確實認為我們在某些方面有些錯誤。你最近有一位嘉賓提到性期(sex span)。哦,對的。性活躍以及對性滿意的時間段。我感覺我們面臨著一個無性婚姻的流行病,人們的性生活不如以前,未意識到快感是多麼重要,尤其對神經系統和調節而言。性高潮是創建神經系統調節的最有效策略之一。進入副交感神經系統,以及進入副交感神經。
    而我們知道,伴隨著性別角色以及工作上所發生的變化,我們失去了男女之間的一些極性。我想我相信你們也有一些同性戀男士或女同性戀伴侶的聽眾。所以我想在這裡保持包容。但我認為我們失去了很多的極性。極性在各種關係中不同程度上也是存在的,對吧?是的,但有時候你得為此努力。有時候你必須創造這種極性。當你提到極性時,如果我們在討論異性戀關係,你覺得我們失去的極性是什麼呢?
    現在50多歲的我,正在體驗我一生中最好的性生活,最棒的性高潮,我的關係中充滿了極性。我也明白這可能是相當有爭議和前衛的,所以我還是要說出來。我覺得對於那些努力工作的專業女性來說,某些方面的極性確實可以在臥室中非常有幫助。我在這裡談論性別角色,以及了解對你來說什麼是性滿意的,以及在關係中要求這些。在我知道的許多職業女性中,她們喜歡傳統的性生活,但她們同樣喜歡一些主導的元素。
    被主導還是去主導?兩者都有。我是說,這是個人偏好。但我認為這是一種玩弄權力的方式,我認為這在性上是非常令人滿意的。你怎麼看?你認為在性生活中擁有極性,擁有女性和男性的特質重要嗎?還是你認為兩者都可以平等地進入性連結,這才是應該的?
    我認為可能每個人都有自己喜歡的冰淇淋口味。而我只能說我喜歡的冰淇淋口味,那就是我不喜歡香草冰淇淋。它不是我最喜歡的口味。而我確實喜歡當一個主導者。這讓我興奮。我喜歡多變,因為否則我會感到無聊。特別是當你處於一段長期的關係中,你必須找到某種方式來為它增添趣味。是的,你確實需要。我是在網上購買各種東西,試圖讓一切保持新奇和新鮮。
    好了,事情開始變得有趣了。我嗎?是的。老實說,我已經來到洛杉磯。在我甚至抵達之前,我就在網上訂購了很多東西,希望一到家就能有。真棒。好笑的是我的團隊正在聽。我是真的,我為了讓性生活變得有趣而計劃。是的。這幾乎成了一份兼職工作。確實如此,我完全同意你。如果不這樣做,它就會逐漸消退變得無聊,然後一切都變得一樣。但我也認為我會因為我的時間表而玩弄距離。我幾個星期不見我的伴侶,然後見面,再分開。因此,這樣也保持了些許新鮮感。我努力讓自己保持吸引力。我有提到,我每天去健身房的部分原因是因為我們簽了一份合同。不是一份真正的合同,但我們在見面時簽署了一份合同,就是我們會保持吸引力。這是智力上的吸引力,身體上的吸引力,無論如何。所以,是的,我會想很多。
    這太棒了。這是一個很好的策略。我很欣賞你在性生活中這麼有意識。這部分是為什麼你知道舊的關係不再運作呢?是的,已經消退了?它消退了。我是一個很有性慾的人。色情對我真的很重要,而沒有將其放在中心位置感覺就像一種死亡。你試著復甦、保持活力。是的,是的。人們可以感同身受。我知道這一點,因為我在那些涉及性的節目中獲得的反饋很大。人們經常在為一段垂死的、呻吟的性生活而掙扎。再問你一遍,有沒有什麼可以做的?預防是關鍵嗎?還是關鍵在於確保你與一個性思維開放的人在一起?還有,我想第三個問題是,是否曾經好過?
    讓我試著回答你的問題。我感覺男女之間也有一些性別差異。男性性反應和女性性反應之間的生物差異。這需要被理解。
    我覺得當你在一段關係中有性功能障礙時,這就是一個雙方的問題。這絕對不是某一個人的問題。這是你們作為伴侶想要共同解決的問題。我們所知道的是,男性在某些方面相對簡單一些。通常會有欲望,這是一種生理上的變化,涉及到血流和勃起。然後會有一個高原期,接著是高潮和射精。我們稍後可以討論將射精與高潮分開的問題。但對於女性來說,情況更為複雜。所以這就是馬斯特森-約翰遜對性反應的理解。馬斯特森-約翰遜。馬斯特森-約翰遜。現在我們知道…抱歉,您剛說什麼?馬斯特森-約翰遜,他們是出版了這一特定模型的性學家。是的。直到大約15到20年前,英屬哥倫比亞大學的羅絲瑪麗·貝森發現女性的反應是不同的。這是一種更為圓形的反應。這與在性行為中感受到情感連結有關,以便能夠與伴侶進行性行為。而男性在某些方面則相反。他們需要有性行為以感受到情感上的連結。女性實際上需要先感受到情感連結,才能對性事持開放的態度。這導致了很多的脫節。事情包括,例如,你在過去一週中有多少次洗碗機是你清空的?有很多事情會創造情感連結,但很多男性並未意識到。而對於女性來說,她們經常感覺如果沒有情感連結,性反應是無法發生的。這在我自己的婚姻中也是一個問題,即我感受不到那種情感連結。我非常努力去建立那種情感連結,但我沒有。我現在有了。這是否與我的新關係有關?也許吧。了解這一點,了解到情感連結,在某種程度上改變了你作為男性的作業。你知道什麼讓你的女友感到情感上的連結嗎?優質的相處時間,深入的問題。是的。對話卡片。哦,對。告訴我這個。嗯,我們在這個節目中出售這些對話卡。如果你想購買,可以查看下面的描述。但基本上,在這個播客的對話結束時,嘉賓為下一位嘉賓在我面前的日記中寫下一個問題。然後這些將變成,對,謝謝。這些將變成對話卡。解鎖更深入的連結。展開。第三級是更深入的問題。哦,我喜歡這個。我可能是一個第三級的人。你是一個第三級的人。我會這麼想。你給我的感覺就像是一個第三級的人。真的。那類事情。所以像是深刻的問題和共度時光。然後就這樣。我可以看看那些第三級的問題嗎?是的,這裡是你的所有第三級問題。我們還沒有談過的最重要的事情是什麼?有其他的嗎?我們沒有談論睡眠這個問題。當我們想到睡眠對我們荷爾蒙平衡的影響時,這重要嗎?哦,我天。睡眠是我們所擁有的最接近靈丹妙藥的東西。當你說靈丹妙藥時,你是指像聖杯嗎?它就是聖杯。它對於身體的運作至關重要。你知道,我看到很多高管都認為自己是例外,他們不需要每晚7到8.5小時的睡眠。但只有約2%的人口擁有短睡眠基因。我們其他人需要盡可能優化我們的睡眠。所以我們知道它會在24小時內影響你的荷爾蒙。一次糟糕的睡眠讓你的胰島素上升,第二天讓你的皮質醇上升,讓你更加饑餓,讓你更有可能渴望碳水化合物。因此,就像你可以創造一個負面的循環,你也可以透過優化睡眠來創造一個正面的循環。我非常喜歡可穿戴設備,因為特別是在早晨醒來感覺不到充滿睡意和完全恢復的情況時,你想要理解數據指標。你獲得了多少深度睡眠?多少快速眼動睡眠?你有多少次中斷?你打鼾嗎?你的心率變異性是多少?你的呼吸速率是多少?所以我覺得睡眠是我們需要優化的生活方式因素之一。在我的酮飲食中,我注意到我的心率變異性似乎變得更低,這令人擔憂。當人們進行這種更具限制性的飲食並進入酮症狀態時,你經常看到這種情況嗎?是的,可能會有。我會關注一些其他的變數。此外,我很喜歡8睡眠。你有使用過嗎?是的,我有那個床墊。它對你的HRV有幫助嗎?我相信有。當時我有結果,但我在睡上面睡得很好。我仍然在使用我的WHOOP,那是贊助商添加的產品。我仍然在使用我的WHOOP來跟蹤我的HRV。當有人來找你時,你的HRV很低,你會關注哪些方面?很多人想要提高自己的HRV。你在現在把它看作一個神聖的指標,是這樣嗎?當然。所以我通常從酒精著手。我們知道,酒精會讓你的HRV下降,不僅僅是一天,而是大約七到九天。因此我戒酒了。是的。我第一次把我的WHOOP帶上並看到它對我HRV的影響時,我想我不會再這樣做了。這正是我感到興奮的行為改變。所以當你看到數據指標並看到體內的反映,哦,我的生理狀況在不喝酒的情況下變得更好,並且有比酒精更好的選擇時,你就會想要進行這樣的交換。而行為改變也會持續。我喜歡接地。我發現當我赤腳在海中、在小溪中,或是走在沙灘上時,這會改善我的HRV。對於我來說,那個最能提高我HRV的國家是哥斯達黎加。那裡有一種生氣勃勃的感覺。
    我的心率變異性翻倍到三倍。微劑量的蘑菇也顯著提高了我的心率變異性。我們這個播客有一個結尾傳統,正如我所說的,最後一位嘉賓為下一位嘉賓留下問題,而不知道這個問題是留給誰的。而留給你的問題是:你每天做什麼來改善大腦和世界?我每天在馬林縣家的時候,早上醒來後會出門。我看著大海,目光沿著地平線移動。我剛剛在查看早晨陽光的數據,因為我不太相信。據說它有助於調節生物鐘,能夠改善睡眠,更有助於褪黑激素的產生,增進情緒。這一切都有裨益。有些人說,只需要五到十分鐘的早晨陽光就足夠了。因此我開始查看數據,實際上你需要的時間要更多。大約在三十分鐘時開始看到好處,但隨著時間變長,像是兩個半小時,這些結果還能更持續地改善。因此我每天做的事情就是接受早晨的陽光,沿著地平線望去,看著自然,提醒自己自然是最好的調節方式。這對我的大腦有幫助。謝謝你,Sarah。感謝你所做的工作。你在許多方面都是一個非常引人入勝的人,顯然在以許多重要的方式幫助著許多人。我強烈建議大家去看看我面前的書籍,總共有不少。我想一共是六本。這裡有三本。《自體免疫下巴:治療使你身體反叛的創傷和觸發因素》是我會強烈推薦的書。但我認為這是新的,我也面試過保羅·康特,他在這本書的背面寫了推薦語。我這裡還有一本書,叫做《荷爾蒙療法》,專注於恢復平衡、改善睡眠和性慾,維持健康體重,讓你自然感到專注、充滿活力和精力充沛。還有一本我參考的書,就是《女人、食物和荷爾蒙》,這是關於實現荷爾蒙平衡、減重,並再次感覺像自己的四週計劃。如果人們想從你那裡獲得更多的信息,想聽到你的聲音,你有新的播客,對嗎?是的。我們該去哪裡收聽你的播客?我的網站是 sarahzallmd.com,播客叫做《與莎拉醫生的治療》。莎拉的名字拼寫是 S-Z-A-L。對的,播客叫做《與莎拉醫生的治療》。非常感謝你!謝謝你,史蒂芬。我們推出了這些對話卡,並且售罄了。我們再次推出它們,又一次售罄。再推出一次,又一次售罄。因為人們喜歡和同事、朋友、家人一起使用這些卡。我們還有一個大受眾將它們用作日記提示。每次嘉賓來到《首席執行官的日記》,他們都會在日記中為下一位嘉賓留下問題。我曾和一些世界上最了不起的人坐在這裡,他們在日記中留下了這些問題。我將它們根據深度從一到三分級。等級一是啟發性問題,等級三,如果你查看這裡的背面,這是一個等級三的問題,會變得更深入,建立更多的聯繫。如果你翻轉卡片,掃描那個二維碼,你可以看到誰回答了這張卡片,並觀看他們即時回答的視頻。因此,如果你想獲得這些對話卡,請訪問 thediary.com 或查看下面描述中的鏈接。我覺得非常有趣的是,當我們查看Spotify和Apple以及我們的音頻渠道的後端時,大多數收聽這個播客的人尚未按下關注或訂閱按鈕,無論你在哪裡收聽這個。我要和你達成一個協議。如果你能幫我一個大忙,按下那個訂閱按鈕,我將不斷努力,從現在起改進這個節目,讓它變得更好。我無法告訴你,當你按下訂閱按鈕時,這有多大的幫助。節目會變得更大,這意味著我們可以擴大製作,邀請你想見的所有嘉賓,繼續做我們喜愛的事情。如果你能幫我這個小忙,無論你在哪裡收聽,按下關注按鈕,這對我意義重大。這是我唯一會請求你的忙。非常感謝你的時間。謝謝。

    Is your belly fat, stress, or burnout actually a hormone issue? Dr. Sara Szal reveals the hidden hormone connection and how to fix it for good 

    Dr. Sara Szal (previously Gottfried) is a Harvard-trained medical doctor, scientist and researcher, with 30 years of experience. She is also the author of 4 bestselling books such as, ‘The Autoimmune Cure: Healing the Trauma and Other Triggers That Have Turned Your Body Against You’. 

    00:00 Intro

    02:43 What Sara Does for People

    04:16 Background and Training

    05:56 Helping 40,000 People

    08:44 What Is Precision Medicine?

    10:19 What’s Wrong with Conventional Medicine?

    13:04 Why Sara Chose This Career

    15:10 Importance of Healing from Past Trauma

    16:44 How Trauma Manifests into Health Conditions

    20:43 Lack of Nutrition and Lifestyle Education in Medical Training

    22:12 Cortisol and Stress

    25:23 Is There a Link Between Cortisol and Trauma?

    26:02 Daily Habits That Disrupt Hormones

    29:15 How to Optimise Your Health

    30:35 Is Sugar the Enemy?

    31:56 Supplements for Hormonal Balance

    32:52 Common Nutritional Deficiencies

    36:54 How to Regulate Cortisol Levels

    41:04 Is It Easy to Get Someone to Change?

    42:20 Can Encouraging Change Cause Harm?

    44:25 How to Support Someone Breaking Bad Habits

    46:34 When Should Men Start Monitoring Testosterone?

    47:58 Testosterone in Women

    48:32 Signs of Low Testosterone in Men

    49:02 Symptoms of Low Testosterone in Women

    49:52 Symptoms of High Testosterone in Women

    50:54 How to Regulate Testosterone Levels

    53:08 Why Estrogen Is Important for Both Men and Women

    58:40 Importance of Fibre in the Diet

    59:30 Role of the Microbiome in Hormone Regulation

    01:00:51 Fibre-Rich Foods

    01:01:04 Sara’s Preferred Diet

    01:02:53 The Ketogenic Diet

    01:05:01 Side Effects of the Keto Diet

    01:05:36 Can You Stay on Keto Long-Term?

    01:07:00 Strategies for Effective Weight Loss

    01:08:05 Fasting

    01:12:05 What Is Perimenopause and When Does It Begin?

    01:16:12 Can Menopause Symptoms Be Avoided?

    01:16:47 Birth Control

    01:17:37 Who Is Birth Control For?

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  • Enhancing Grid Reliability: How Buzz Solutions Uses Vision AI to Prevent Outages and Wildfires – Episode 249

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  • The Top 100 GenAI Products, Ranked and Explained

    AI transcript
    0:00:07 Consumer activity typically lags by 6 to 9 to 12 months, what’s happening on the research side.
    0:00:13 So many of these assumptions, and that’s why their assumptions, they seem intuitively correct, are going to turn out to be incorrect.
    0:00:19 We are finally on the verge of AI video starting to really work.
    0:00:24 It sort of follows the trend of AI decreasing the cost of creation in every way.
    0:00:28 95% of YC companies or something are now building using those tools.
    0:00:32 I think compared to where we’re going to be, we’re still incredibly early.
    0:00:39 This month, our consumer team at A6CZ dropped our fourth installment of the Gen AI 100 list,
    0:00:46 a list of the top 50 AI-first web products and mobile apps based on unique monthly visits and active users.
    0:00:53 And as our consumer team said themselves, in just six months, the consumer AI landscape has been redrawn.
    0:00:58 Some products surged, others stalled, and a few unexpected players
    0:01:00 rewrote the leaderboard overnight.
    0:01:06 In today’s episode, we explore the latest rankings and the pivotal AI moments over the last few years.
    0:01:11 Mid-Journey and Character AI both came out before ChatGPT.
    0:01:14 Remember Snapchat’s MyAI?
    0:01:16 The Balenciaga Pope.
    0:01:18 Coke did their Christmas ad.
    0:01:30 Each one of those unlocks broke down the assumptions that many of us held prior and have helped culminate hundreds if not thousands of AI applications that are now vying for our attention.
    0:01:37 So which applications top the charts this time around?
    0:01:41 Whether household brand names or tools that you may have never heard of.
    0:01:46 Plus, where does this flurry of activity place us on the adoption curve?
    0:01:52 And what trends stood out, like AI video or vibe coding, that give us a window into what’s to come.
    0:01:58 Finally, this fourth edition of the list is actually the first time that we broke out what’s actually making money.
    0:02:06 And today, we have A16C consumer partner Olivia Moore and general partner Anisha Charya to break down all of the above.
    0:02:16 Of course, if you’d like to see the full list of the top 100 GenAI apps, head on over to A16C.com slash GenAI 100 dash 4.
    0:02:18 Or you can check the link in our show notes.
    0:02:20 Okay, let’s get started.
    0:02:29 As a reminder, the content here is for informational purposes only, should not be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice,
    0:02:36 or be used to evaluate any investment or security, and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any A16C fund.
    0:02:42 Please note that A16C and its affiliates may also maintain investments in the companies discussed in this podcast.
    0:02:47 For more details, including a link to our investments, please see A16C.com slash Disclosures.
    0:02:56 We’re back for the fourth edition of the GenAI 100 list.
    0:03:01 You guys have been working hard and tracking the consumer landscape for years now,
    0:03:05 but specifically for the last two and a half years since we really had that chat GPT moment.
    0:03:09 Tell me more about how you’re tracking that ecosystem and how that comes through in this list.
    0:03:10 Yeah, it’s super fun.
    0:03:14 This is one of my favorite reports that we put together a couple times a year.
    0:03:18 We track the consumer AI landscape through what we do every day,
    0:03:21 which is like meeting with consumer AI startups that come to pitch us,
    0:03:23 seeing what goes viral on Twitter.
    0:03:27 But actually, there’s a whole separate set of companies and products that might be reaching
    0:03:32 the true mainstream consumer that might not even be marketing themselves as AI products,
    0:03:35 but they’re powered by and made possible by AI.
    0:03:38 And so the whole original purpose of this report was to see
    0:03:41 how much overlap is there between those two categories,
    0:03:48 and what is the actual everyday person who might not know that they care about AI using in their day-to-day.
    0:03:49 That’s great.
    0:03:52 And so talk about the methodology, like what makes it onto this list or not?
    0:03:55 Because to your point, there’s certain household names that you might see on Twitter
    0:03:57 or have that viral moment.
    0:04:01 But I think some people might be surprised to see what made it onto this list.
    0:04:03 So it’s entirely based on data.
    0:04:08 We have two lists here, the top 50 on web and the top 50 on mobile.
    0:04:12 So the top 50 on web, we use a data provider called SimilarWeb,
    0:04:14 which tracks every single website globally.
    0:04:19 And we essentially go down in descending order of how many visits they get each month.
    0:04:21 For this report, it was January 2025.
    0:04:27 And then we go and we pick the first 50 of those that have the most monthly visits
    0:04:29 that are Gen.AI first products.
    0:04:33 We do something similar on mobile, but a different data set from SensorTower.
    0:04:37 For mobile, we look at monthly active users on the app.
    0:04:41 And then again, we pick the top 50 that are Gen.AI products.
    0:04:46 And then for the first time ever, we actually looked at the top 50 on mobile by revenue,
    0:04:47 which we hadn’t done before.
    0:04:52 And it was a really interesting experiment because the lists were pretty non-overlapping.
    0:04:52 Totally.
    0:04:53 And we’ll get to that.
    0:04:53 Yes.
    0:04:57 We’ve been in this AI ecosystem for a few years now.
    0:05:02 In your eyes, what were the pivotal moments that led up to this point in time where we have,
    0:05:07 like you said, 50 on mobile, 50 on desktop, and a whole lot more in the wider ecosystem?
    0:05:11 You often say, actually, it’s usually like the papers are written and then the models are
    0:05:14 developed and then applications are built on top of it.
    0:05:21 So the consumer activity typically lags by 6 to 9 to 12 months, what’s happening on the research side.
    0:05:27 So maybe just from the consumer awareness or behavioral perspective, there’s a couple moments
    0:05:27 for me.
    0:05:33 Actually, Mid Journey and Character.AI both came out before ChatGPT, which I think a lot of
    0:05:33 people don’t know.
    0:05:38 But there was maybe these early niche communities of early adopters that were using both of those
    0:05:42 products in the summer and the fall of 2022 leading up to ChatGPT.
    0:05:48 And then post-ChatGPT, things that just brought AI to consumer consciousness.
    0:05:55 So even remember Snapchat’s MyAI with that little bot that appeared at the very top of your feed.
    0:05:57 And 150 million people used it.
    0:06:03 And for a lot of kind of younger consumers, that was actually probably their first real chance
    0:06:05 having a conversation with an LLM.
    0:06:12 On the image side, I think of the Balenciaga Pope, which was also, I think, spring 2023.
    0:06:13 Such a cultural moment.
    0:06:14 It was.
    0:06:17 And I think it made a lot of people realize for the first time that they should even be interested
    0:06:21 in AI images because they could be that good and that convincing.
    0:06:26 The first big AI music moment for me was, well, the BVL Drizzy song, which I think was-
    0:06:27 That was huge.
    0:06:29 Spring of 2024.
    0:06:31 And that also went mega viral.
    0:06:33 Notebook LM was another one.
    0:06:39 And I think one of the moments where creative AI really shifted into almost enterprise consciousness
    0:06:42 was the end of last year when Coke did their Christmas ad.
    0:06:44 And a lot of that was generated by AI.
    0:06:47 And then, of course, the DeepSeek launch earlier this year.
    0:06:52 DeepSeek was so interesting because I think it sort of had become settled wisdom that it
    0:06:57 would be very hard for a horizontal model to get to mass consumer scale quickly again.
    0:07:00 Like ChatGPT had done it and ChatGPT had become a verb.
    0:07:03 And that opportunity had already been explored.
    0:07:06 And now we see DeepSeek growing as quickly as it did.
    0:07:09 And there’s actually a couple of interesting nuances to DeepSeek.
    0:07:15 So one, I think, important nuance is the fact that they released their reasoning model for free at scale.
    0:07:21 So previously you had to use O1 Pro and you had to pay ChatGPT’s premium subscription to get access to it.
    0:07:27 The other thing was just the product execution around chain of thought, which we’ve talked about a lot and I think is pretty well understood.
    0:07:35 But the fact that it showed you its thought process in real time was just super captivating and now something that’s become a step that every model takes.
    0:07:39 So I think it just really illustrates how early we are.
    0:07:44 You know, we as sophisticated users and investors are looking for further and further refinements.
    0:07:49 And once in a while something like DeepSeek comes out of the clear blue sky and just blows away all assumptions.
    0:07:50 Totally.
    0:07:54 And that word specifically, assumptions, I think is so key when you talk about these pivotal moments.
    0:08:05 I feel like you could actually match each pivotal moment with an assumption, like an assumption being, oh, well, AI could never trick me into thinking a picture is real when it’s not, right?
    0:08:13 Or I would never actually listen to a top 100 song that’s generated by AI or ChatGPT has cornered the market and no one else can penetrate it, right?
    0:08:18 All of these assumptions that people are like, okay, sure, I was wrong about that prior one, but this one I’m pretty sure about.
    0:08:23 We’re seeing just like months being the delta between assumptions being broken.
    0:08:33 And so to your point on the arc of the market or the industry, I could see an argument where people are like, oh, we’re actually pretty far along because we’ve already slashed all of those assumptions.
    0:08:36 But then on the other hand, I’m hearing we still have a long way to go.
    0:08:43 So maybe put us along that arc if we were to compare to the mobile era or the cloud era or previous technology eras.
    0:08:46 And are we in that early innovator stage still or are we somewhere else?
    0:08:50 I think we’re still very much in the early adopter phase.
    0:08:57 In many of these categories, we’re just arguably still in the infrastructure building era and moving into the application building era.
    0:08:59 It depends on the modality.
    0:09:05 Like now LLMs are, maybe people thought that was a solved problem, but then again, DeepSea came in and upended all of that.
    0:09:08 There’s a lot of things that are definitely not fully solved.
    0:09:12 Like AI video right now can generate great three or five or six second clips.
    0:09:18 But hopefully years from now, we have AI video that can generate minutes long or even hours long movies.
    0:09:22 And so I think compared to where we’re going to be, we’re still incredibly early.
    0:09:27 Here are two assumptions that I think are interesting because it may turn out the reality is the exact opposite.
    0:09:35 One is that AI will be very good at transactional interactions, but humans will still be the ones to build relationships and connection.
    0:09:40 So an example of that would be what kind of phone calls are AI going to be best at?
    0:09:47 And I think the assumption was, well, they’ll be great at sort of scheduling and logistics and the exchanging of information and facts.
    0:09:52 But we’ve heard over and over that in many cases, the AIs are more human than humans.
    0:09:55 They just have more patience, more nuance.
    0:09:56 They’re never having a bad day.
    0:09:57 They’re never hung over.
    0:09:59 So that’s an interesting area of exploration.
    0:10:06 The other one that I think is interesting is the idea that humans will delegate work to the AIs and the AIs will do it.
    0:10:09 Like what if the AIs are the ones delegating the work to us?
    0:10:15 Perhaps AI is really good at organizing work and we’re really good and also get a lot of joy out of doing it.
    0:10:22 So I think so many of these assumptions, and that’s why their assumptions, they seem intuitively correct, are going to turn out to be incorrect.
    0:10:23 Totally.
    0:10:29 And if we think about the report, maybe one important data point is the fact that we see so many newcomers still, right?
    0:10:33 If we were in that later part of the innovation curve, you might expect more stagnancy.
    0:10:35 You might expect to see the same players.
    0:10:45 But every time you guys build out this report, we’re seeing all of these newcomers in this particular time, the fourth report, we saw 17 new companies on the web rankings in particular.
    0:10:49 And you actually have this quote where you say, a few unexpected players rewrote the leaderboard overnight.
    0:10:52 So can you just speak to that and the movement that we’re seeing?
    0:11:00 One of the biggest trends among the newcomers is we are finally on the verge of AI video starting to really work.
    0:11:06 Not just for people who are enamored by AI and willing to generate a hundred times to get a good clip.
    0:11:12 But for people who actually want to make something creatively in a condensed time period.
    0:11:19 So we had three new video models on the list this time, Hilo and Kling, which are both Chinese models.
    0:11:26 And then Sora, which was OpenAI’s model that was announced, I guess, more than a year ago at this point and finally was released.
    0:11:35 I think we’ll see even more of a shakeup here because VO2 is the new Google model that is even next level beyond that from what we’ve seen in testing.
    0:11:40 And that is probably finally going to hopefully come out in the next three or six months.
    0:11:44 The other big category of newcomers were these vibe coding products.
    0:11:46 Cursor made the list.
    0:11:50 It’s more of like an agentic ID for a technical audience.
    0:11:58 And then Bolt made the list, which is for a non-technical audience where you basically go from a text prompt to a fully functioning web app.
    0:12:08 Even though they made the list, I think we’ve still seen there’s a really significant portion of their users that are people who are in tech and are actually technical.
    0:12:19 But they might be using something like a Bolt or a Lovable, which made our Brink list, which we can talk about, to maybe prototype something easier and then export the code and go and play with it themselves.
    0:12:29 So I think we haven’t quite seen the vibe coding products hit the true mainstream user in terms of someone who’s never worked in tech or developed an app.
    0:12:30 I love this category.
    0:12:34 It’s so fun and it’s so satisfying to actually see your ideas come to life.
    0:12:43 In the case of Bolt and Lovable, sometimes they are just sort of compelling interactive prototypes more than they are full-fledged products.
    0:12:47 But that’s usually enough to get a feel for whether this is something you want to invest deeper in.
    0:12:54 It sort of follows the trend of AI decreasing the cost of creation in every way and people just trying more ideas.
    0:12:54 I know.
    0:13:00 Just think about what that says about the untapped market of people who wanted to build things with code.
    0:13:02 This is on the top 50 list.
    0:13:08 And I think, honestly, both of them haven’t had many apps built on them yet that have gone super viral.
    0:13:16 And when that happens, and I’m sure it will, those will become stories of their own, which will then increase awareness of the products of the true mainstream audience.
    0:13:27 I think we’re going to see a really interesting diversity or range of products built on these, which it might just be like, this is my app that I just used for my very specific niche pain point.
    0:13:35 Or there might be people who never learned how to code, who want to build a venture scale product on something like a Bolt or Lovable.
    0:13:37 And so seeing how that plays out will be very cool.
    0:13:40 Yeah, I think there’s two phrases I’ve heard that I like.
    0:13:43 One is sort of DIY or personal software.
    0:13:46 It never made economic sense to design software for one, really.
    0:13:48 The other is disposable software.
    0:14:05 Just as Suno and Udeo made it possible to make a song just to capture a joke that would be irrelevant the next day, these products make it possible to create a product or an experience that may have an extremely short shelf life, like 20 minutes or a week or any other time period.
    0:14:10 Let’s talk about the Brink List, because that’s completely new to this year’s fourth generation.
    0:14:13 So what is the Brink List and why add it?
    0:14:20 So the Brink List is essentially the five companies that almost made the list and were right below the cutoff, again, purely based on the data.
    0:14:22 So we pulled the five websites and the five mobile apps.
    0:14:26 And I think, honestly, we were just curious to see what it would capture.
    0:14:27 We didn’t quite know.
    0:14:33 The takeaway for me, it does reflect how fast things are changing, because there were a couple companies on the list,
    0:14:41 like Runway, Otter, UMAX, across web and mobile, that have been on the core top 50 ranks in the past.
    0:14:45 But maybe they got just edged out by, like, DeepSeek launching this time.
    0:14:49 And so they lost their spot for this ranking, but might be on there the next one.
    0:14:50 And they still have massive usage.
    0:14:57 And then the other trend that it caught was a rise in more recent products, like Crea made the list and Lovable made the list,
    0:15:00 that are very much on the kind of consistent upswing.
    0:15:04 And if it continues, we might see them on the main ranks, and they haven’t made the main ranks before.
    0:15:09 What did you predict that you would see on the list that you didn’t really see there?
    0:15:10 Were there any surprises on that end?
    0:15:16 So one thing I thought we’d see more of is style transfer as an approach to scalable video,
    0:15:24 because style transfer is just a much more tractable problem and has a lot lower cost of inference versus raw text-to-video.
    0:15:29 But researchers and product developers seem to be really going for it on text-to-video.
    0:15:31 And we’ve seen more of that than I would have expected.
    0:15:35 The other things that we didn’t see on this list that we have seen at the model level,
    0:15:39 so that means maybe they’ll be on the next list, are, like, consumer voice products.
    0:15:42 There are a few of them, but not a ton of them.
    0:15:49 Some of the new, like, the Gemini Flash model that can see what’s going on on your screen and interact with you.
    0:15:52 Like, I built something to yell at me if I go on Netflix or something.
    0:15:54 Like, is that, it’s the BS detector.
    0:15:57 Yeah, and starts, like, screaming at you, like, no, get back to work.
    0:16:05 Or, like, the new OpenAI operator model, which can actually interact with things on the browser level on your computer
    0:16:13 and get tasks done for you, like, pay a bill or make a graphic design or hire someone to landscape your yard, something like that.
    0:16:20 I think there’s always a lag because the models have to be released to developers and they have to be tuned by the developers.
    0:16:29 And so it takes a while, but I would expect to see maybe an explosion of fun and unique and interesting products built on models like that
    0:16:35 on hopefully the next list or two, because it feels like we really have seen an explosion on the model side
    0:16:39 and it is right there in terms of manifesting at the apps level, too.
    0:16:45 So one of the examples of this is deep research, which, if you’ve played with it, is completely magical.
    0:16:47 But it’s a primitive, right?
    0:16:47 It’s not a product.
    0:16:49 It’s something to build other things with.
    0:16:54 So it’s really unclear if deep research is going to be used to write college theses
    0:16:58 or is it going to be used to find the perfect meme to match a joke you want to make.
    0:17:00 And that’s all going to be up to the app developers.
    0:17:07 And just to double click on that, because you could see maybe a world where deep research is just this, like, more broad, horizontal application.
    0:17:13 Or you could see what you just described, where developers are tailoring that to specific end use cases.
    0:17:19 Are you basically saying that you think the latter is more likely in terms of the progression of these models and apps?
    0:17:20 More likely, but I think it’s underexplored.
    0:17:21 Yeah.
    0:17:24 If you come to deep research today, you have the blank page problem.
    0:17:29 And I’d love to see developers create some constraints that lead to unexpected outcomes.
    0:17:35 Yeah, like the known or the prescribed use of deep research right now is basically market research reports.
    0:17:36 And it’s amazing for that.
    0:17:38 I’ve used SIFT for that a lot of times.
    0:17:49 But if you try other things, like one day we were trying to trace the origin of a meme, and deep research is like a 100x better version of that know your meme website that kind of goes through the history.
    0:17:53 And the etymology or however you describe it of how a meme comes to be.
    0:17:54 I mean, that should be an app.
    0:17:55 Yeah.
    0:18:08 So there’s lots of other use cases that aren’t market research reports that could really benefit from an incredibly obsessive, compelling model that will go and read every website on the internet until it finds the answer.
    0:18:20 I love that. I’ve actually always wanted that for creators because you know how there’s the whole success overnight phenomenon that everyone else thinks happens, but it’s not true for most creators who are like, you take Mr. Beast, he’s like, I literally counted to what, 100,000.
    0:18:21 Yeah.
    0:18:24 And then I did thousands of more videos until I, like, something started to work.
    0:18:28 And I wish you could actually just see, as you’re saying, history of a meme, but history of a creator.
    0:18:30 Like, when did the unlock happen?
    0:18:35 So those are the things that you thought might be on the list, but you didn’t actually see there.
    0:18:36 What about the opposite?
    0:18:48 I think the fact that the Vibe coding products, like the Bolt and the Cursors and Lovables, made the mainstream consumer list is just a testament to how widely they’re used by the technical audience.
    0:18:50 Like, they have gotten to saturation so quickly.
    0:18:56 I think Gary Tan had some tweet that, like, 95% of YC companies or something are now building using those tools.
    0:19:03 So it’s something that nearly every developer now is probably using, which was maybe a surprise to me how quickly we reached saturation.
    0:19:15 We’ve talked about this, but a continuing surprise, so I don’t know if it counts as one, but I still am surprised every time, is how many companion products are on the list and also how many of them rank so high.
    0:19:21 And then I think we had three companion products in the top 10, two of them were NSFW oriented.
    0:19:31 Maybe not surprising when you think about, like, traffic on the internet in general outside of AI, but a lot of people are even using them as, like, interactive fan fiction.
    0:19:37 And some of the biggest fan fiction sites in the world are also top 100, top 200 global sites.
    0:19:38 So it makes sense in that way.
    0:19:47 And then I guess my last surprise would be there’s actually quite a bit of consistency in the list over the past four versions.
    0:20:02 There’s always new entrants, which is really exciting, but across the four lists, there’s now 16 companies on the web ranks who have made it every single time and have kept the street going, which is pretty remarkable when you think of how early we are in AI.
    0:20:12 But I think a testament to how those companies have cemented their brands, their products, their kind of, I guess, status and consumer consciousness.
    0:20:17 And I think a testament to the fact that, like, real businesses have been built in consumer AI already.
    0:20:22 You know, to add to that, one of the surprises for me on Companion was not seeing more multimodality.
    0:20:23 Yes.
    0:20:31 Kind of the first glimmers of that at scale were Grok, you know, and Grok added a bunch of voices with some real aesthetics and points of view, you know.
    0:20:32 That’s a good way to put it.
    0:20:33 Personality.
    0:20:41 But it’s just interesting that that feels, and of course, character has got voice mode and more, but it feels like character is, and companionship is such a horizontal category.
    0:20:45 There’s so much latent demand and it’ll really increase once you have multimodality.
    0:20:56 You know, the other interesting thing is that a lot of the text-to-code work, my assumption was that there was a small number of people who were creating sites that were heavily trafficked, and that explained the rise of them.
    0:21:03 But actually, the majority of the traffic, correct me if I’m wrong here, Olivia, is from people doing creation, not just consuming other people’s creations.
    0:21:10 So there’s just, it really shows how much demand there is to make things, even if people are not that interested in consuming them.
    0:21:20 Yeah, you can track the traffic of, like, apps that people have launched on lovable.app versus visits to lovable.dev, which is where people go to make a lovable product.
    0:21:28 And, like, lovable.dev has more usage or more visits significantly than traffic to lovable.app, which gets back to what I was saying before.
    0:21:34 We have not even seen the first wave of viral products built on top of lovable and bold.
    0:21:41 And so when that happens, I think that the awareness of these types of platforms is going to go significantly up, too.
    0:21:43 The app store is going to be chaos.
    0:21:43 Yeah.
    0:21:45 It is going to be chaos.
    0:21:49 We’re going to need an AI just to solve that AI app management problem.
    0:21:49 Completely.
    0:21:53 To that end, you talked about the fact that there are some consistent players.
    0:21:53 Yeah.
    0:22:00 One of those players is ChatGPT, which we’ve talked about as the starting gun of some of this application development.
    0:22:02 ChatGPT has been at the very top of the list.
    0:22:02 Yes.
    0:22:06 Has it been that way for every single iteration of this?
    0:22:06 On web and mobile.
    0:22:12 But maybe what would surprise people is that the traffic to ChatGPT hasn’t always been the same trajectory.
    0:22:14 So maybe can you talk about that?
    0:22:15 And what did we see this time around?
    0:22:20 So it was basically flat for a while, which I think was surprising to a lot of people.
    0:22:28 Between February 2023, basically for a whole year, through February 2024, it was essentially flat in monthly visits to the website.
    0:22:37 And I think at that point, from the data that I’ve seen, basically 50% plus of the traffic was students who were using it for essays or homework problems.
    0:22:45 But the vast majority of other people, me included, to be honest, had not maybe found a daily active use case for ChatGPT yet.
    0:22:48 And it’s completely resurged more recently.
    0:22:51 So they 2x’d the number of visits on web since then.
    0:22:55 They actually made their own announcement, too, where they counted across web and mobile.
    0:23:02 And in the past six months, they grew from 200 million to 400 million weekly active users.
    0:23:08 Which is especially surprising because it took them nine months to double before that.
    0:23:11 And it usually gets way harder to double at scale, not easier.
    0:23:21 I think from our perspective, if you even plot it on the graph, you can kind of track the increases to the release of new models that unlock new use cases.
    0:23:28 So like the new O1 reasoning models, the 4-0 models, which were multimodal for the first time, and then advanced voice mode.
    0:23:36 And then they’ve also launched some new products like the operator that can perform tasks on your computer, like Canvas, where you can write more naturally.
    0:23:44 So it’s both bringing in new users who never tried it, and then taking people like me who, honestly, I was maybe a weekly, if not less a weekly user.
    0:23:45 Did you find your daily active use case?
    0:23:49 Yes, and now I’m a daily active, but across several use cases now.
    0:23:51 Some days I’m driving and talking to it voice mode.
    0:23:55 Some days I’m working on a memo and I’m generating something with deep research.
    0:23:59 Some days I’m doing some random other project and I’m brainstorming ideas with it.
    0:24:02 So I would expect that to continue as they release new models.
    0:24:15 And have you heard from the ecosystem in terms of what more frequent use cases have emerged like yours in terms of, if before it was a lot of students writing research reports, is there a sense of understanding of what those newer use cases are?
    0:24:18 Yeah, I think it’s gotten better at some things related to coding.
    0:24:20 It’s gotten better at data analysis.
    0:24:31 And then, I mean, the reasoning models, it’s hard to overestimate because in the past you couldn’t even rely on Chachi Bidi to tell you how many R’s were in strawberry accurately.
    0:24:37 So it was hard to feel good about really tasking any sort of delicate or serious work to it.
    0:24:44 And so I think there are probably a long tail of use cases that people have just migrated over now that they have more confidence in the models.
    0:24:48 What’s interesting to add to that is that Claude is not a traditional number two player.
    0:24:54 Typically, the number two player has 10% of the market share and 10% of the product quality.
    0:25:01 And instead, Claude sits in this very interesting place where it seems like it’s more beloved by a smaller number of people.
    0:25:03 It’s better at creative writing.
    0:25:09 It seems to have more of a personality, which is interesting because at least I think it’s designed to be more constrained.
    0:25:09 Yeah.
    0:25:12 And then it’s also strangely much, much better at coding.
    0:25:13 Yes.
    0:25:14 Why? I don’t know.
    0:25:22 But it’s very interesting to see there’s a place for both ChatGPT and Claude and Mistral and potentially other models all to sort of augment each other.
    0:25:33 The really interesting thing about this list when it came to general LLM assistant usage was like we only had 10 days of data for DeepSeek for January because it launched at the end of the month.
    0:25:43 And it shot up from literally nothing to number two on the list, 10% of ChatGPT scale on web within a week, a little bit more than a week.
    0:25:47 On mobile, it had even less than that, five days.
    0:25:48 And it was number 14.
    0:25:51 And if it had had five more days, it would have been number two.
    0:25:55 And the gap is even narrower there between DeepSeek and ChatGPT.
    0:26:04 So again, to Anisha’s point, like that was a surprise in that we could see kind of a broad-based LLM product go so viral still and capture so many users.
    0:26:08 And DeepSeek was obviously the story when it came out.
    0:26:10 What have we learned about retention since then?
    0:26:16 And is that learning specific to DeepSeek or are we seeing that learning applied across the ecosystem?
    0:26:21 It’s a little early a call on retention and also because they’re giving away so much for free right now.
    0:26:23 It’s somewhat easy to retain.
    0:26:26 I will say the mobile data is fairly conclusive.
    0:26:31 So you can essentially look at sessions per week and time per week for any app.
    0:26:35 So we looked at perplexity, Claude, DeepSeek, and ChatGPT.
    0:26:39 DeepSeek is already at the levels of perplexity and Claude, which is interesting.
    0:26:43 So users are spending about 20 minutes a week across 10 sessions.
    0:26:48 Still pretty significantly lags ChatGPT, which has like 45 minutes a week.
    0:26:51 So it’s already at the level, if not actually slightly better.
    0:26:56 And this is a chart we put in the report, too, versus perplexity and Claude in terms of engagement.
    0:27:06 On a retention basis, like how many users are coming back to the app, say, exactly 30 days, exactly seven days, exactly 60 days.
    0:27:08 It’s just slightly below ChatGPT.
    0:27:14 So we’re looking at 7% day 30 for DeepSeek and 9% day 30 for ChatGPT.
    0:27:18 It’s too early to call on web because it’s hard to track usage.
    0:27:28 Part of my theory here is if you look at DeepSeek usage, a lot of it is the U.S., but a lot of it is China and other countries where you can’t use it.
    0:27:28 Yeah.
    0:27:31 Or they try to make you not use it and you can only get by it with a VPN.
    0:27:38 And so in those markets, it’s not ChatGPT versus DeepSeek versus perplexity.
    0:27:39 It’s DeepSeek versus nothing.
    0:27:46 And so in those markets, I think they have like a structural advantage from the retention side that might skew the overall sample.
    0:27:47 Totally.
    0:27:49 Next time we should add a different cut for DeepSeek USA.
    0:27:51 Yes, exactly.
    0:27:52 Yeah, geographic breakdown.
    0:27:53 Yeah.
    0:27:57 Talking about trends that we’re seeing on the list, you mentioned AI video before.
    0:27:57 Yeah.
    0:28:01 Anything else you want to call out there in terms of its presence on the report?
    0:28:05 Two of the video models were Chinese video models, which is super interesting.
    0:28:10 The models are less copyright sensitive in their training data.
    0:28:12 That’s a great euphemism.
    0:28:12 Yeah.
    0:28:16 They’re maybe more realistic and more prompted here and in the outputs as a result.
    0:28:20 But also just in China, it’s easier to hire people to kind of caption videos.
    0:28:25 They have maybe a greater volume of researchers doing image and video stuff versus other stuff.
    0:28:38 I think Sora in some ways was a little bit disappointing for some people, whereas like the Chinese video models were maybe better than a lot of people expected, given the relative lack of capital that they’ve raised.
    0:28:39 That’s right.
    0:28:42 I think an interesting trend is just seeing CREA on the brink list.
    0:28:42 Yes.
    0:28:46 CREA is the single best place to access all the models and all the tools.
    0:28:51 And the nice thing that they do is stitch all of these things together to make them greater than the sum of their parts.
    0:29:02 So insofar as we live in this sort of multipolar world of models, image models, video models, language models, there’ll be a role for aggregators like CREA to put them all together in a thoughtful way.
    0:29:02 Totally.
    0:29:13 Especially because people who are deep in AI video understand this, but each model is known for being good at specific things like shots of people, shots of landscapes, anime, hyper-realistic.
    0:29:23 And so it can rack up very quickly on $20 a month subscriptions if you’re paying for 10 or 15 different models independently versus having one canvas to work with all of them.
    0:29:25 You also typically use the products together.
    0:29:25 Yeah.
    0:29:34 You usually generate an image in mid-journey or flux, and then you take that image and upscale it, and then you put it as the beginning frame in a video.
    0:29:37 So you really want to not have the seams between all of those products.
    0:29:38 Completely.
    0:29:42 Are we seeing these video models in particular become more opinionated?
    0:29:49 And what I mean by that is we see that in image models, right, where mid-journey might be good at this, and then you might see another model better at something else.
    0:29:56 And the users will gravitate towards either models or applications that provide them with that specificity or opinion.
    0:29:57 Are we seeing that in video yet?
    0:30:06 I’d say they’re both becoming more opinionated on the model level, but also the application choices that they’re making, that even the model companies are making, are becoming more opinionated.
    0:30:18 If you’ve used, like, a runway or a cling or something, you can now prompt basically the camera angles or the wideness of the shot or all of these things a human cinematographer would do.
    0:30:22 You can prompt how the video sweeps over the surface of a screen.
    0:30:29 And so that’s also a big factor in what you use for maybe even different parts of one video, which is interesting.
    0:30:39 I mean, the comment specifically, I still think Ideogram is one of the most unique models for sort of what it does, what it’s great at, which is text generation, sort of aesthetic that it has.
    0:30:41 It just sits in a very unique place in the ecosystem.
    0:30:42 Yeah.
    0:30:52 We did an internal competition where we had to generate a bunch of video, 30-second video, and Ideogram was amazing for that because you could not get that layer of specificity anywhere else.
    0:30:59 And then you could then take what was generated in Ideogram and put it into another model to animate it or to swerve or to do whatever you needed to do with it.
    0:31:03 Well, they also have a fun feature, which essentially is image to text.
    0:31:13 So if you have a meme or a copyrighted image that you want to replicate or at least be inspired by, you can use their image to text and then use that text as the prompt to create a new image.
    0:31:16 I also found that fascinating because I would prompt something.
    0:31:20 And as you learn when you’re prompting with AI, in general, you learn that you don’t know what you’re looking for.
    0:31:25 And so when I would prompt, Ideogram would modify your prompt before generating the image.
    0:31:29 And then you could actually go interrogate that and be like, oh, that’s why I’m getting X, Y, or Z.
    0:31:34 So video actually in general, it tends to be more of a mobile-first phenomena, right?
    0:31:40 We see tons of, even before AI, tons of applications that focus on creators being able to edit and splice video.
    0:31:45 What are we seeing in terms of the difference between what’s working on mobile and what’s working on desktop?
    0:31:55 It’s somewhat obvious, but like a lot of the things that are working on mobile are either things you want to use on the go or where the underlying asset you’re working with is easily captured by the phone.
    0:32:01 So like all of the avatar apps blew up on mobile because you have 10 selfies of yourself sitting on your phone.
    0:32:18 A lot of the voice-first consumer products that we are seeing working actually are on mobile versus web because it’s easier and more natural to talk into your phone for language learning or for companionship or other use cases than it is to maybe talk into your laptop.
    0:32:20 And same with homework helper apps.
    0:32:34 So maybe another interesting breakdown that kind of represents where we are in the innovation curve is not just what is getting views, but what’s actually making money and how those aren’t always one-to-one mirrored.
    0:32:36 What is making money today?
    0:32:37 What are we learning there?
    0:32:40 And is that the same as what’s getting traffic?
    0:32:50 So for the first time, we actually ranked the top 50 by what Sensor Tower can measure as mobile revenue, which is typically in-app purchases and subscriptions, so probably not ads.
    0:32:54 And we ranked those separately from what has the most monthly active users.
    0:32:57 And there was only 40% overlap between the two lists.
    0:32:57 Interesting.
    0:32:59 So a lot of difference.
    0:33:06 The surprise to me actually was the main categories are the same in terms of what’s making money versus what people are using.
    0:33:14 So photo and video generators, photo and video editors, beauty filters and beauty enhancers, massive standalone category.
    0:33:19 And then the realm of ChatGPT, copycat apps, both making a ton of money, getting a lot of users.
    0:33:27 But the companies within those categories are very different in terms of who’s making money and who has the most usage.
    0:33:33 We actually found, we plotted like revenue per user versus number of users.
    0:33:43 And we found the apps that had smaller user bases out of this sample set were much more likely to be making significantly more money on a per user basis.
    0:33:48 So apps like Speak, apps like Otter, captions and video editing.
    0:33:50 There’s a lot of reasons for this.
    0:33:57 One is that if you are making a lot of money per user, you’re probably more of a serious prosumer app.
    0:34:01 And so you’ve probably actually gated the usage pretty significantly.
    0:34:03 Like you have to subscribe to use the product.
    0:34:11 And so there are companies on here that might be making $50, $100 million in ARR off of only a million users, 2 million users.
    0:34:16 So they wouldn’t make the ranks, ironically enough, for monthly active users.
    0:34:19 But they rank really, really high on a revenue basis, which is exciting.
    0:34:29 And then as anyone who looks at the mobile list knows, there’s a lot of, maybe for the tech audience, seemingly random products on there of like, I’ve never heard of this.
    0:34:30 Is this from a startup?
    0:34:41 And on mobile, especially, there is a very precise game that you can play with like app store ads and other kind of paid but fairly low cost acquisition channels.
    0:34:52 And if you’re doing this as an indie developer or maybe an app studio running internationally, you’re not looking for the 10x payback of acquisition costs that we might be looking for as venture investors.
    0:34:56 So if you make back 1 or 2x your money on a user, that’s amazing.
    0:35:08 So you can get to 10 million users mostly by paying for them, but you’re probably not going to make as much revenue or ultimately as much profit maybe as some of the companies that are lower usage but higher revenue.
    0:35:19 And is there a learning there in terms of, you mentioned how, by nature, if you start gaining certain features or an application entirely, you are potentially stifling growth of the overall user base.
    0:35:24 Is there a learning in terms of how AI founders should be thinking about that tradeoff today?
    0:35:26 I think it depends.
    0:35:30 Some of these markets are naturally maybe not mainstream behavior.
    0:35:38 Like one example of a category that did appear on the mobile revenue list but was not on mobile usage was several plant identification apps.
    0:35:39 I love those.
    0:35:39 Yeah.
    0:35:44 Where you take a picture, you save down the plant, it tells you exactly what it is if you’ve seen that plant before.
    0:35:48 Is that an app that 100 million people will have on their phones?
    0:35:58 Maybe not, but if you’re one of the, like I can think of a few relatives who love plants or love birds and like totally, they’ll pay $100 a year for that and they’ll use it every day or every other day.
    0:36:05 So I think it’s more for founders optimizing for the type of product you have and how mainstream it can be.
    0:36:08 All right, so there’s a lot of information here that we’ve covered.
    0:36:11 We’ve covered desktop, we’ve covered mobile, we’ve covered revenue versus users.
    0:36:12 Yeah.
    0:36:15 And then we’ve also talked about the stickiness of some of these players, right?
    0:36:17 You said there was, was it 16 that have showed up?
    0:36:17 Yes.
    0:36:19 Every single list.
    0:36:22 So what can we learn from the last few lists?
    0:36:30 I feel like the biggest thing now being a consumer investor for close to a decade now, it’s almost like the more you know, the less you know in some cases.
    0:36:40 Because it all just comes back to the product at the end of the day, like technologists or investors can have opinions on the best monetization strategy or the best growth hacks.
    0:36:48 But in the end, if the product isn’t capturing users’ attention and isn’t retaining them, the business is just going to be a completely leaky bucket of users and users out.
    0:36:58 Often we meet with these amazing like PhD researchers, best in class in the whole world in terms of their technical understanding of a model or a capability.
    0:37:08 And they can struggle building in consumers sometimes because often the more complicated thing is not actually the thing that is highest utility, most delightful, most helpful to a consumer user.
    0:37:20 So we never like to be prescriptive on consumer products, but in general, we see when teams focus on either the pain point they’re trying to solve or the unique experience they’re trying to create and build towards that.
    0:37:25 And if that means you’re actually the old model is better than the new model, use that.
    0:37:32 If that means it’s just one AI feature instead of the whole product being built on AI because it’s not stable enough, like do that.
    0:37:36 I think in consumer, you really have to let the data be your guide there.
    0:37:40 All right, that is all for today.
    0:37:43 If you did make it this far, first of all, thank you.
    0:37:51 We put a lot of thought into each of these episodes, whether it’s guests, the calendar Tetris, the cycles with our amazing editor, Tommy, until the music is just right.
    0:37:57 So if you like what we put together, consider dropping us a line at ratethispodcast.com slash A16Z.
    0:37:59 And let us know what your favorite episode is.
    0:38:02 It’ll make my day and I’m sure Tommy’s too.
    0:38:04 We’ll catch you on the flip side.

    This month, a16z’s Consumer team released the fourth edition of the GenAI 100 — a data-driven ranking of the top 50 AI-first web products and mobile apps, based on unique monthly visits and active users.

    In just six months, the consumer AI landscape has shifted dramatically. Some products surged ahead, others plateaued, and a few unexpected players reshaped the leaderboard entirely.

    In this episode, a16z General Partner Anish Acharya and Partner Olivia Moore join us to unpack the latest rankings and explore the key cultural and product moments that brought us to this point.

    Which applications are leading the pack — and which ones are quietly on the rise? What do trends like AI video, companion apps, and “vibe coding” reveal about the future of consumer AI? And for the first time, the team also analyzed which products aren’t just gaining users, but generating real revenue.

    If you’re looking to understand where we are in the GenAI adoption cycle — and what might come next — this episode offers a data-backed view into one of the fastest-moving corners of technology.

    You can find the full GenAI 100 list at a16z.com/genai100-4

     

    Timecodes: 

    00:00: Consumer AI Trends

    00:36: The Gen AI 100 List: Methodology and Insights

    02:38: Pivotal Moments in AI Development

    05:37: Assumptions and Realities in AI

    08:49: Emerging Trends and Newcomers

    11:53: The Brink List: Near Misses and Future Contenders

    16:13: Surprises and Consistencies in AI Adoption

    18:31: The Future of AI Applications

    19:54: Traffic Trends and User Demographics

    20:32: Resurgence and New Use Cases

    22:47: Competitors and Market Dynamics

    25:30: AI Video Models and Trends

    29:23: Mobile vs Desktop Usage

    30:34: Revenue Insights and Monetization

    34:06: Key Learnings and Final Thoughts

     

    Resources: 
    Find Anish on X: https://x.com/illscience

    Find Olivia on X: https://x.com/omooretweets

     

    Stay Updated: 

    Let us know what you think: https://ratethispodcast.com/a16z

    Find a16z on Twitter: https://twitter.com/a16z

    Find a16z on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/a16z

    Subscribe on your favorite podcast app: https://a16z.simplecast.com/

    Follow our host: https://twitter.com/stephsmithio

    Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund. a16z and its affiliates may maintain investments in the companies discussed. For more details please see a16z.com/disclosures.

  • The Reddit Hotline Is Open: Scott on Generational Wealth, Dirty Jokes & A Bull Case for Reddit

    AI transcript
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    0:01:52 Welcome to Office Hours with PropG.
    0:01:57 This is the part of the show where we answer questions about business, big tech, entrepreneurship, and whatever else is on your mind.
    0:02:01 Today, we’ve got two great listener questions lined up.
    0:02:03 And then after the break, we’re introducing something new.
    0:02:05 The Reddit hotline.
    0:02:06 Oh, my God.
    0:02:08 It’s not the red phone.
    0:02:09 It’s not the bad phone.
    0:02:13 It’s the Reddit hotline where we pull questions straight from Reddit.
    0:02:20 If you’d like to submit a question for next time, you can send a voice recording to officehoursofproftgymedia.com.
    0:02:21 Again, that’s officehoursofproftgymedia.com.
    0:02:27 Or if you prefer to ask on Reddit, post your question on the Scott Galloway subreddit.
    0:02:28 That’s scary.
    0:02:30 What shit must be flying around on that thing?
    0:02:34 And we just might feature it in our next episode.
    0:02:35 By the way, just a little bit of insight.
    0:02:37 Let’s bring this back to me.
    0:02:49 So we did in South by Southwest, we did a party, or Vox did a party, which is basically where they feature all their quote-unquote talent or lack thereof, their podcasters, to try and get advertisers to advertise more on our podcasts.
    0:02:52 And they let out some information.
    0:03:01 Basically, Vox, like every other organization, holds onto information like nuclear codes because an asymmetry of information creates advantage for the people who have the information.
    0:03:11 But they did let out the following, that one of our fastest-growing segments of anything I do across this entire – let’s be honest, I’m a total podcast whore.
    0:03:13 I’m like, hey, stranger, what’s your name?
    0:03:13 Another podcast?
    0:03:14 Sure, why not?
    0:03:19 But the pod that’s doing or going the fastest is actually Office Hours.
    0:03:29 And Office Hours, the vision for Office Hours was when my mom and I – I moved in with my mom for about eight months when she was very sick.
    0:03:38 And one of the things we used to do was we would watch her favorite show, Frasier, and I based Office Hours on the Colin show on Frasier.
    0:03:40 Anyways, welcome.
    0:03:42 Hi, this is Dr. Crane, and I’m listening.
    0:03:43 First question.
    0:03:47 Hey, baby, I’m here to lose a call in.
    0:03:48 Hi, Prof G.
    0:03:50 This is Brian from New Jersey.
    0:03:59 And I want to say thanks for doing such a great job offering an analysis on a wide range of topics and your genuine concern for people despite party politics.
    0:04:04 I’m involved with a small, successful school adjacent to New York City that exists solely on tuition.
    0:04:08 Last week, I heard you talking with Jess Tarlov about school choice.
    0:04:15 But the reality is not everyone who sends their children to a private school are doing so from a place of excess.
    0:04:21 The public schools in our area are overcrowded, and parents have little to no say about what their children are learning or experiencing.
    0:04:34 Do you see any value, even if it was a means-tested program, for some sort of voucher or tax incentive, to take children from the public school and support smaller schools that run more efficiently?
    0:04:39 From my very slanted perspective, for a third of the money of public schools, we’re doing a better job.
    0:04:50 And at the same time, if the public schools were getting two-thirds of the money not to have a child in the classroom, they could devote more resources to the children who are there.
    0:04:53 Thanks for listening, and I really look forward to your answer.
    0:05:00 So let me be clear, and I want to acknowledge up front, there’s no such thing as a perfect solution where everybody wins.
    0:05:10 I think you make a solid argument for why there are instances where vouchers probably help good people afford programs, maybe put some competition on the public schools.
    0:05:12 When I look at – so the U.S. is strange.
    0:05:18 Our K-12 is some of the worst in the modern or G7 economy, but our universities are some of the best.
    0:05:22 And our education or our economy is beating everybody.
    0:05:27 So a lot of people would just do the analysis and say, well, shitty K-12, that’s sort of the hunger games.
    0:05:33 You have rich parents or you’re excellent and somehow you find a way to a good college, seems to be working for the U.S. economy.
    0:05:51 The problem is I think it results in a lot of obesity, anxiety, young people without the skills to thrive in this economy that don’t have a lot of economic power and probably, I don’t want to say get exploited, but leverage for minimum wage that should be $23 an hour, not $7.25 based on productivity or just inflation.
    0:06:15 So I feel as if the public school system is yet another example of not a direct conspiracy but the accidental conspiracy of creating the bottom 90 percent who become very cheap inputs for shareholders of bigger companies that know how to manage the information economy and end up, quite frankly, just being exploited and paying a lot of money for shitty sugary food and then becoming obese and then being handed over to the diabetes industrial complex.
    0:06:32 Part of that system, though, is I think that when I look at healthy societies where there’s low childhood obesity, they have a private school option, but essentially there’s just much more focus on the resources and measurements for good public schools.
    0:06:38 On average, American public school teachers make roughly $70,000 annually while their private counterparts make about $50,000.
    0:06:39 So you’re absolutely right.
    0:06:55 It appears that, on average, public schools are paying people 40 percent more because, quite frankly, you end up with probably a more difficult situation with a lot of low-income kids that probably bring a lot of anger, maybe a single-parent home where the parents can’t be involved in the kid’s life.
    0:07:04 Whatever the excuse is, but public school teachers, the market is saying we need to pay them more, and private schools don’t have to pay as much.
    0:07:10 Despite this, private school students consistently score better on assessments in almost every subject.
    0:07:14 In some, teachers’ increased wages don’t necessarily correlate with better outcomes.
    0:07:14 Why?
    0:07:19 Because the public school system is riddled with bureaucracy, quite frankly.
    0:07:21 And I think this kind of buttresses your point.
    0:07:26 In America, there are four times as many administrators in the public education system than there were in the 1950s.
    0:07:35 In 2015, the New York State School Board Association found that firing an incompetent teacher takes an average of 830 days and costs $313,000.
    0:07:36 The good news?
    0:07:43 School choice bills or laws that allow states to award vouchers to the parents of students in non-public schools are on the rise.
    0:07:45 This is true even across party lines.
    0:07:53 The 2024 poll of registered voters found that 83% of Republicans, 69% of independents, and 70% of Democrats say they strongly or somewhat support school choice.
    0:08:07 I am really torn on this because what I have seen is the net effect of school choice or vouchers just subsidizes wealthy people who are going to send their kids to public or to private schools anyways.
    0:08:17 And this is Pulse Marketing, but my kids were at this lovely private school in Gulfstream, Florida called Gulfstream that costs 18 or 20 grand.
    0:08:30 And the idea that we were going to give people in the local community would get $10,000 towards a school, I think all that would have done was of the 230 families, 200 of them would have just got a $2 million tax break.
    0:08:37 And taking money away from Atlantic, the high school, which is actually a pretty good high school, that they desperately need.
    0:08:44 Now, are there probably middle-class families that would be able to attend a better school because of that $10,000 voucher?
    0:08:45 Yes.
    0:08:50 Is it good to have competition put on public schools?
    0:08:50 Yes.
    0:08:53 When we’re talking about education, though, I mean, it gets so complicated so fast.
    0:08:56 So the Department of Education is supposedly on the chopping block.
    0:09:04 And I’m not one of these people that doesn’t think the Department of Education should, you know, is this, it used to be sort of this virtue signaling, everyone rallied around it.
    0:09:06 I think it should probably be much smaller.
    0:09:08 It’s good at Pell Grants.
    0:09:10 It’s good at figuring out student loans.
    0:09:16 It’s probably done a lot of harm in terms of universal and mandatory testing, where every teacher now studies to the test.
    0:09:18 It’s created a lot of unnecessary stress in our public schools.
    0:09:20 Parents hate it.
    0:09:21 Principals hate it.
    0:09:21 Teachers hate it.
    0:09:22 Students hate it.
    0:09:27 And I feel as if they, again, are trying to justify their own bureaucracy.
    0:09:40 So this is a long-winded way of saying I see your point, but one, I’m on board with a dramatic decrease in the amount of bureaucracy through competition with public schools.
    0:09:44 I believe that teachers and principals should be fired and schools should be shut down if they’re not performing.
    0:09:46 And new ones should be propped up.
    0:09:56 But I think we’ve got to figure out a way to get more parents involved in public schools because the number one signal of whether a school is successful isn’t even resources.
    0:09:58 It’s parental involvement.
    0:10:07 So trying to make public schools more attractive and the way you do that, I think, is with a lack of bureaucracy.
    0:10:10 And also, I just think it’s going to take more resources.
    0:10:24 And I don’t think that skimming the most blessed families and the most involved parents off of the top and pulling them out of the public school system, I just think we’re further cementing a have-and-have-not caste system.
    0:10:30 Having said that, I think most of it should be left to the states and local governments trying to figure it out.
    0:10:38 One of the biggest problems we have in our society is that local schools are based on property tax revenues, so the wealthy neighborhoods have some private schools.
    0:10:47 The public school in Palo Alto and in Woodside is better than most private schools nationally because they have a lot of money from property taxes.
    0:10:49 So there has to be a leveling up.
    0:10:52 The problem is the leveling up isn’t just about resources.
    0:10:56 It’s about keeping dual parent households involved in the schools.
    0:10:59 This is a difficult, tough question.
    0:11:00 More competition.
    0:11:06 More holding the teachers’ unions and public schools accountable, not being afraid to shut them down.
    0:11:08 Having a reasonable ratio of administrators.
    0:11:13 Clearing out the bureaucracy such that you can fire teachers and bureaucrats.
    0:11:19 But also, I’m just not down with taking more money for vouchers for the privatization of our education system.
    0:11:30 I think, in general, you’ve had an oligarchy that is trying to insert a profit motive into every single public service, which ultimately just creates scale, a better service, and then they start raising the rents on everybody.
    0:11:32 Appreciate the question.
    0:11:34 Question number two.
    0:11:36 Hey, Scott.
    0:11:37 Big fan of the podcast.
    0:11:40 I’m a young man looking to start investing.
    0:11:43 And I want to hear more about your view on the Reddit stock.
    0:11:45 I know I listened to the podcast on Monday.
    0:11:47 You said you were bullish on this stock.
    0:11:50 I tend to agree with you through my own research.
    0:11:57 Would love to hear more about your outlook on Reddit and what you see for the next five, ten years with this stock.
    0:12:00 Thanks, Anonymous from Unknown.
    0:12:02 Really appreciate the question.
    0:12:06 So, my IPO recommendation of 2024 was Reddit.
    0:12:08 And it was a simple analysis.
    0:12:17 I looked at the ten most traffic sites in America, and all of them, except Wikipedia, nonprofit, traded for – were worth between $600 billion and $3 trillion.
    0:12:24 And Reddit, at that time, was toggling, based on the metric you looked at, somewhere between the third and the fifth most traffic site in America.
    0:12:27 And it was going public in a market cap of $5 billion.
    0:12:31 Because, to that point, they had not done a great job of monetizing that incredible attention.
    0:12:35 However, I believe, over time, you can monetize attention.
    0:12:43 It just – I remember looking at these charts 20 years ago, where newspapers were 10% of attention but 30% of advertising.
    0:12:46 And the internet was 50% of attention but only 15% of advertising.
    0:12:48 I remember, okay, this is pretty easy.
    0:12:54 Find the internet companies that are commanding attention, and eventually, these things are going to calibrate and equalize.
    0:12:56 And I saw the same thing here.
    0:13:07 And the stock went out at – was priced, I think, at $35 or $38, shot to $60, and then went as high as $240, and has now – has been cut in half with a drawdown.
    0:13:15 So, as we’re recording this, their stock has been cut in half in the past month after Q4 earnings that reported underwhelming user growth.
    0:13:16 But that’s still up.
    0:13:21 I think that still means it’s tripled or quadrupled since its IPO.
    0:13:30 Global Daily Active Unique users rose 39% year-on-year to an average of $102 million, just missing analyst expectations of $103 million.
    0:13:31 Why did it get hit so hard?
    0:13:36 The new meeting expectations in the internet economy is blowing them away.
    0:13:37 That’s the expectation.
    0:13:39 The expectation is that you’re going to blow away our expectations.
    0:13:52 Although Reddit was now or is now the sixth most visited website in the world, it’s worth 50 to 60 times less than other sites that command that same attention, including Google, YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram.
    0:13:54 So, what do I think?
    0:13:58 I think this company is still a good long-term hold.
    0:14:07 It’s got a market cap now of $22 billion, which for a guy like me, one of my many flaws as investors, I anchor off the cheapest it’s ever been.
    0:14:10 Yeah, it went public at a valuation of $5 billion.
    0:14:13 It traded to $7 or $8 billion that day, and now it’s at $21, but it peaked at $40.
    0:14:14 It’s come down.
    0:14:16 I think Reddit is a good long-term hold.
    0:14:24 I just think, again, if you buy into this notion that eventually monetization catches up with the tension, it’s going to – I think it’s a good long-term hold.
    0:14:27 Having said that, my general advice is the following.
    0:14:32 Low-cost index funds, because nobody can pick stocks over the long term and outperform the market.
    0:14:44 Even Warren Buffett will tell you that they were investing in an unusual time with a lack of information, and the asymmetry of information or your ability to find alpha or stocks that were undervalued was much greater.
    0:14:46 They’re the likelihood of doing that than it is now.
    0:14:52 Warren Buffett, who got – who’s arguably the best investor in history, is telling people not to be stock pickers.
    0:15:06 So having said that, I believe that you can take 30% or should take 30% of your money and have some fun and invest in single stocks or single asset classes where you think you have some sort of insight or you believe that they’re undervalued, and this might be that.
    0:15:12 What I would also suggest, though, is that two-thirds plus of your net worth is put in low-cost index funds.
    0:15:13 And here’s a bit of the wrinkle there.
    0:15:17 Make sure they’re low-cost index funds that aren’t just solely focused on the U.S.
    0:15:24 The U.S. stock market is now at 98% in terms of value, meaning it’s only been more expensive on a P.E. ratio, 2% of its history.
    0:15:32 European value stocks are in the bottom 2%, meaning they’ve been more expensive on a P.E. basis or traded at higher levels for 98% of their history.
    0:15:37 This, to me, says to me that the markets where the rivers or flows of capital are about to reverse.
    0:15:44 That was one of my big predictions for 2025 is I think that non-U.S. markets are going to outperform U.S. markets.
    0:15:45 Anyways, will you ask?
    0:15:46 I like Reddit.
    0:15:47 I think it’s a nice long-term hold.
    0:15:53 But just be careful believing that me or anybody else can give you advice on single stock picking.
    0:15:54 We can’t.
    0:15:55 You want to have some fun?
    0:15:56 You want to try and find some alpha?
    0:15:57 Have at it.
    0:16:06 But keep the bulk of your firepower, your dry powder, for low-cost index funds that are diversified not only across the S&P, but across different geographies globally.
    0:16:07 Thanks for the question.
    0:16:17 We have one quick break, and when we’re back, speaking of Reddit, we’re diving into the depths, into the bowels of Reddit.
    0:16:18 Buckle up.
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    0:19:52 Welcome back.
    0:19:54 We asked and read it delivered.
    0:19:55 Let’s bust right into it.
    0:20:00 All right.
    0:20:02 Armand8194 asks,
    0:20:06 Scott, something you used to preach is exclusivity as a great marketing tactic.
    0:20:10 No is the sexiest word in the English language.
    0:20:10 I always say that.
    0:20:13 But recently, you’ve been releasing more and more podcast content.
    0:20:15 Can you reconcile the two?
    0:20:16 Yeah.
    0:20:18 So it’s a fair point.
    0:20:20 And that is, and I worry about this a lot.
    0:20:23 So we had Pivot.
    0:20:24 Then I launched PROFG.
    0:20:25 Then PROFG Markets.
    0:20:26 Now we have Raging Moderates.
    0:20:32 So I’m like AOL in the 90s when you’d stick your hand in a cereal box and you’d pull out a CD-ROM of AOL.
    0:20:34 I mean, it’s like to resist is futile.
    0:20:40 And I do worry that the ubiquity of me, that people are going to start to have a gag reflex.
    0:20:41 I go, Jesus, this guy again.
    0:20:46 So what I’m trying to do is create more enterprise value.
    0:20:47 What do I mean by that?
    0:20:51 So my co-host on PROFG Markets, Ed Elson, does the interviews now.
    0:20:55 My co-host on Raging Moderates, Jess, does all the interviews.
    0:20:57 So I’m only on about half of the episodes.
    0:20:58 We’re about to go daily.
    0:21:02 Speaking of like too much of anything is not a good thing.
    0:21:06 We’re about to go daily on PROFG Markets because the markets are daily.
    0:21:08 And I’m only going to be on twice a week.
    0:21:11 I’ll do some like impromptu guest appearances.
    0:21:15 But what you’re saying is absolutely true.
    0:21:17 I try and create scarcity across my speaking.
    0:21:21 I price my speaking fees at sort of an outrageous dollar amount because one, I don’t want to work
    0:21:24 that hard and I only want to go to places I like.
    0:21:25 And two, pricing is a signal.
    0:21:27 So scarcity is key.
    0:21:29 I’m very cognizant of that.
    0:21:31 I try and take time off, one, because I’m lazy, but B.
    0:21:35 So my co-host on Pivot, Kara Swisher, does pretty much every episode.
    0:21:37 I take the month of August off.
    0:21:38 I take weeks off at a time.
    0:21:42 I’m doing a college tour with my son and they said, we’ll set you up for a moment.
    0:21:42 I’m like, no, you won’t.
    0:21:43 Just find a guest host.
    0:21:47 So I think it’s important to have a little bit of scarcity value.
    0:21:49 And I’m very cognizant of it.
    0:21:50 And quite frankly, you’re right.
    0:21:55 I’m worried that at some point I’m just going to dilute my brand equity and it’s just going
    0:21:58 to be too much and people are going to get sick of dick jokes.
    0:21:59 I’m cognizant of it.
    0:22:03 Your theory goes to an important marketing theory, and that is the most profitable companies
    0:22:07 in history that have the greatest gross margins create the illusion of scarcity.
    0:22:13 I’m wearing a Panerai watch, which is $1,000 of movements, plastic, and glass that they charge
    0:22:17 $11,000 for because they’ve created this illusion that Panerais are scarce.
    0:22:23 They purposely constrict supply such that when you see the watch you want, they can honestly
    0:22:24 say, well, we only have one.
    0:22:29 We have artificially reduced the supply of freshman seats at elite universities.
    0:22:35 I’m cognizant of the fact that I might be moving myself from what is kind of a scarcity
    0:22:37 luxury brand to a mass brand.
    0:22:44 And I’m trying to ensure that it’s just not too much Scott all the time through co-hosts
    0:22:46 and limiting or reducing some of my appearances.
    0:22:48 But you clearly have an instinct for marketing.
    0:22:52 And the illusion of scarcity is so important.
    0:22:53 In life, it’s really important.
    0:22:58 In an interview, when you’re interviewing with somebody, start asking them questions and act
    0:23:02 as if you’re interviewing them and give them the impression that you might have another
    0:23:06 offer, that you are so good at what you do that you are interviewing them.
    0:23:07 Why?
    0:23:11 Because my human capital is scarce and a lot of people want to rent it.
    0:23:14 You don’t want to be too available to potential romantic partners.
    0:23:20 You have to have lines that say, okay, this is unacceptable or don’t be too available.
    0:23:22 Scarcity.
    0:23:26 Yeah, I think your instincts are right on.
    0:23:32 You want to maintain, again, any high margin product equals the illusion of scarcity.
    0:23:33 Thank you for the question.
    0:23:35 All right.
    0:23:36 Next question.
    0:23:42 Scott, when you hear or come up with your dirty jokes, where is the line where you think,
    0:23:44 ooh, that is too far?
    0:23:49 Okay, so I am generally a profane or vulgar person, but there’s a strategy behind it.
    0:23:52 And that is, all strategy comes down to one question.
    0:23:59 What can we do that is really hard, or put another way, what can we do that our competition
    0:24:00 can’t do?
    0:24:07 Amazon and Netflix spend tens of billions of dollars on infrastructure and fulfillment and
    0:24:11 on content because their competitors can’t because they don’t have access to cheap capital.
    0:24:16 So they’re like, okay, Netflix goes, if we spend $18 billion on content, Peacock just
    0:24:17 can’t do it.
    0:24:18 Hulu can’t do it.
    0:24:19 Disney Plus can’t do it.
    0:24:20 Even HBO can’t do it.
    0:24:22 And so that’s where they go.
    0:24:26 And they focus on this kind of brute force spending strategy.
    0:24:31 Where I have decided to go in terms of trying to differentiate my podcast is, quite frankly,
    0:24:37 one of the reasons I am really crude is that, one, CNBC can’t tell dick jokes.
    0:24:41 And I want to be known as provocative and profane.
    0:24:47 I also think that if you’re funny and profane, it kind of softens the beach and people become
    0:24:48 more open to new ideas.
    0:24:51 Also, I want to appeal to younger people.
    0:24:57 And quite frankly, young men respond to my type of profanity.
    0:24:58 Sometimes I go too far.
    0:25:01 Sometimes I can hear myself, the words coming out and thinking, you know, that’s a little
    0:25:02 bit much.
    0:25:07 I’ve had parents write in and say, I’d like to play this with my kids, but I’ve stopped because
    0:25:07 you’re so crude.
    0:25:11 I’ve had CEOs call me and say, I would have sent this clip to the entire company, but I can’t
    0:25:16 be seen or heard sending out something with these types of, this type of profanity.
    0:25:22 I also, my kind of heroes are comedians that were social commentators and were also really
    0:25:23 profane.
    0:25:26 Whether it was Richard Pryor or Lenny Bruce, or I think Bill Burr is a genius.
    0:25:28 These guys are not afraid to be profane and vulgar.
    0:25:30 So one, it’s genuine.
    0:25:31 I’m a profane and vulgar person.
    0:25:33 Two, I want to appeal to young men.
    0:25:37 I want my content to resonate with them such that to listen to some of the lessons I have
    0:25:40 about what I hope is a positive vision of masculinity.
    0:25:45 And also, just purely strategically, it is clear when you listen to the show, this is not
    0:25:47 your father’s CMBC.
    0:25:48 I appreciate the question.
    0:25:54 And just so you know, the other day, I walked into my son’s room to have the sex ed talk
    0:25:57 and I walked in with a, you know, with a condom and a banana.
    0:25:59 And he said, what’s the banana for?
    0:26:02 And I’m like, well, I can’t get hard on an empty stomach.
    0:26:04 That’s good.
    0:26:05 Thanks for the question.
    0:26:11 Hey, Scott, they say wealth typically lasts about three generations.
    0:26:15 Are you doing anything different in the way you are raising your children to prepare them
    0:26:19 for the advantages they will have entering the market and how to contextualize them?
    0:26:21 Are you even considering this as a concern or is it overblown?
    0:26:23 Oh, no, it’s a huge concern.
    0:26:31 I’m worried if my parents had been wealthy and I knew that was sort of a backstop or a
    0:26:35 hammock, the only two things I know I would have in my life if my parents were rich were
    0:26:37 a Range Rover and a cocaine habit.
    0:26:44 I was, my motivation didn’t come from wanting to be successful or wanting to have a positive
    0:26:45 impact on the world.
    0:26:48 My motivation was I grew up without money.
    0:26:49 It was humiliating for me and my mom.
    0:26:53 And I was very focused on, okay, what can I control?
    0:26:57 I can control how hard I work and the risks I take because I want economic security.
    0:27:00 My kids probably don’t have that same fire.
    0:27:03 I think about it a lot.
    0:27:06 I think about, you know, not spoiling them.
    0:27:07 You fly somewhere nice.
    0:27:08 You’ve worked hard.
    0:27:10 You want to fly business or first class.
    0:27:16 And then I see my 14-year-old playing with his flat seat and I see a 70-year-old woman
    0:27:16 roll by.
    0:27:17 I’m going to coach.
    0:27:18 And I think this is just wrong.
    0:27:21 And I say to my partner, the kid should not be in business.
    0:27:22 And she says, well, fine.
    0:27:27 If you want to fly with coach and coach with them, have at it because they don’t allow kids
    0:27:28 alone back in coach.
    0:27:31 So the reality is my kids know they have money.
    0:27:38 The good news is that I find a kid’s approach to money or anything else is that the parents
    0:27:40 have less impact than you think.
    0:27:43 And that is, as parents, we like to think we’re engineers.
    0:27:44 We’re not.
    0:27:45 We’re shepherds.
    0:27:48 And that is, we get to choose the land they graze on, point them in the right direction,
    0:27:49 decide what they eat.
    0:27:51 But the sheep comes to you.
    0:27:56 And what I have found is one of my sons, he won’t even let me buy stuff for him.
    0:28:01 I’ll take him out and I’ll say, hey, we went to Sunspiel, this great kind of British brand
    0:28:04 that’s supposed to be the casual brand for James Bond.
    0:28:06 And I wanted to buy him a cashmere hoodie.
    0:28:08 And it was 230 pounds.
    0:28:08 He’s like, I’m not buying this.
    0:28:10 I’m like, no, you’re not buying it.
    0:28:10 I am.
    0:28:12 He’s like, no, no, no, I’m not going to spend this kind of money on it.
    0:28:16 He just is physically uncomfortable with spending money.
    0:28:19 And I don’t know where he got that because even when I didn’t have money, I was very comfortable
    0:28:20 spending money.
    0:28:24 I’ve always, you know, I haven’t got a spending problem, but I’ve always been, I like to think
    0:28:26 someone who enjoys life and is not afraid to spend money.
    0:28:29 Whereas my other son is like, we’ll pop up and go, can I have two then?
    0:28:33 So, and we just haven’t treated them that much differently.
    0:28:34 I think about this a lot.
    0:28:39 I’m going to put some money aside so they can have, always have access to housing, always
    0:28:40 have access to education.
    0:28:44 But my plan is to spend it all before I go.
    0:28:47 My approach to spending is pretty promiscuous.
    0:28:48 I spend a lot of money.
    0:28:50 Every year I meet with my team at Goldman.
    0:28:52 I look at how much money I made.
    0:28:53 I already have my number.
    0:28:58 And any additional money above that in terms of net worth, I either spend it or I give it
    0:29:03 away because I want to make sure my kids have some advantage, housing, access to education.
    0:29:06 But I don’t believe in dynastic wealth.
    0:29:08 I know a lot of rich kids.
    0:29:11 I wouldn’t say they’re any more fucked up than other kids, but they’re no less fucked up than
    0:29:12 other kids.
    0:29:16 So I don’t think you’re really giving much advantage to your kids with extraordinary wealth.
    0:29:17 Is it a competitive environment?
    0:29:21 Do you want them to have some of the opportunities that you’ve worked so hard to give them?
    0:29:22 Yeah.
    0:29:26 I want my kid to be able to live where he wants to live, to pick the career he wants to
    0:29:28 pick, which is obviously extraordinary advantage.
    0:29:31 But just being blunt, I’m going to offer that to my children.
    0:29:35 I think you use money with your kids to lever up or lever down.
    0:29:40 If one of my kids decides to teach public school, I’m going to probably give him a decent amount
    0:29:41 of money.
    0:29:49 If one is doing nothing and kind of just ne’er-do-well or I’m not going to give that kid any money.
    0:29:55 So I think you have some control over it, not a lot, but it is something I think about all
    0:29:55 the time.
    0:30:01 And my approach, my way of expressing concern about this problem is I am spending money like
    0:30:04 a fucking gangster in the 50s just diagnosed with ass cancer.
    0:30:05 Hello.
    0:30:06 Hello.
    0:30:07 What, Vegas?
    0:30:08 Daddy’s in.
    0:30:09 The dog is in.
    0:30:11 I start from yes.
    0:30:14 That’s all for this episode.
    0:30:18 If you’d like to submit a question, please email a voice recording to officehours at
    0:30:19 prof2media.com.
    0:30:21 That’s officehours at prof2media.com.
    0:30:26 Or if you prefer to ask on Reddit, just post your question on the Scott Galloway subreddit
    0:30:30 and we just might feature it in our next Reddit hotline segment.
    0:30:31 What a thrill!
    0:30:44 This episode was produced by Jennifer Sanchez.
    0:30:45 Our intern is Dan Shallon.
    0:30:47 Drew Burrows is our technical director.
    0:30:50 Thank you for listening to the Prof G pod from the Box Media Podcast Network.
    0:30:55 We will catch you on Saturday for No Mercy, No Malice, as read by George Hahn.
    0:31:01 And please follow our Prof G Markets pod wherever you get your pods for new episodes every Monday
    0:31:01 and Thursday.

    Scott weighs in on the school choice debate and whether vouchers could make private education more accessible. Then, he breaks down Reddit’s stock struggles—and why he still sees it as a strong long-term investment.

    Plus, we’re introducing something new: The Reddit Hotline, where we pull questions straight from Reddit. Scott answers listener questions on generational wealth, exclusivity in business, and where he draws the line with his dirty jokes.

    Want to be featured in a future episode? Send a voice recording to officehours@profgmedia.com, or drop your question in the r/ScottGalloway subreddit.

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  • #802: Craig Mod — The Real Japan, Cheap Apartments in Tokyo, Productive Side Quests, Creative Retreats, Buying Future Freedom, and Being Possessed by Spirits

    AI transcript
    0:00:04 Hello, boys and girls, ladies and germs. This is Tim Ferriss. Welcome to another episode
    0:00:10 of The Tim Ferriss Show, where I explore the strange, the edge, the practical, the nuance,
    0:00:15 the tactical. And my guest today is a dear friend. I’ve wanted to have him on the podcast
    0:00:22 for a very long time, Craig Maude. Craig Maude, M-O-D. He is a writer, photographer, and walker,
    0:00:28 we’ll talk about that a lot, living in Tokyo and Kamakura, Japan. He is the author of Things
    0:00:34 Become Other Things and Kissa by Kissa, K-I-S-S-A. Don’t worry about it. We’ll get to it. He also
    0:00:39 writes the newsletters Roden and Ridgeline and has contributed to The New York Times, The Atlantic,
    0:00:46 Wired, and more. He has walked thousands of miles across Japan in every conceivable place. And since
    0:00:53 2016, he has been co-running Walk and Talks with Kevin Kelly, perhaps the most interesting man in
    0:01:00 the world. In various places around the world, the Cotswolds, Northern Thailand, Bali, Southern
    0:01:06 China, Japan, Spain, which includes the Portuguese and French Caminos, and much more. Today’s episode
    0:01:12 is wide-ranging, and I had so much fun with this. We ended up discussing Craig’s early life,
    0:01:19 his path to Japan, his struggles with self-worth and alcoholism, and how he overcame both of them,
    0:01:25 creative development, his writing experiments, his initial experiences with walking and writing,
    0:01:30 and so much more. I really think you will get a lot out of this conversation, as I did. I took copious
    0:01:36 notes, and I also decided to keep some of the behind-the-scenes banter before the interview in
    0:01:41 the recording that you’re going to hear, which I thought might be fun for shits and giggles,
    0:01:47 just for the fun of it. Why not? You can find Craig Mod at craigmod.com. That’s the H-Q for
    0:01:53 everything Craig Mod, C-R-A-I-G-M-O-D.com. You can find him on Instagram, at craigmod,
    0:01:59 and on Blue Sky as well, craigmod.com. And with that, and just a few words from the people who make
    0:02:03 this podcast possible, we’ll get right into the meat and potatoes of Craig Mod.
    0:02:10 I am always on the hunt for protein sources that don’t require sacrifices in taste or nutrition.
    0:02:14 I don’t want to eat sawdust. I also don’t want a candy bar that’s disguised as a protein bar.
    0:02:20 And that’s why I love the protein bars from today’s sponsor, David. They are my go-to protein source
    0:02:25 on the run. I throw them in my bag whenever I am in doubt that I might be able to get a good source
    0:02:30 of protein. And with David Protein Bars, you get the fewest calories for the most protein ever.
    0:02:36 David has 28 grams of protein, 150 calories, and zero grams of sugar. I was actually first
    0:02:42 introduced to them by my friend, Peter Atiyah, MD, who is their chief science officer. Many of you know
    0:02:48 of Peter, and he really does his due diligence on everything. And on top of that, David tastes great.
    0:02:53 Their bars come in six delicious flavors. They are all worth trying. And as I mentioned before,
    0:02:58 I will grab a few of those from running out the door if I think I might end up in a situation where
    0:03:03 I can’t get sufficient protein. And why is that important? Well, adequate protein intake
    0:03:10 is critical for building and preserving muscle mass, especially as we age. And one of the biggest
    0:03:14 things that you want to pay attention to is counteracting sarcopenia, age-related muscle
    0:03:19 loss. And for that, you need enough protein. When in doubt, up your protein. Protein is also the
    0:03:24 most satiating macronutrient. What does that mean? It means that protein out of carbohydrates,
    0:03:29 fat and protein inhibits your appetite while also feeding all the things you want to feed,
    0:03:33 which helps you consume fewer calories throughout the day. You’re less inclined to eat garbage.
    0:03:37 All of that contributes to fat loss and reducing the risk of various diseases.
    0:03:43 And now, you guys, listeners of The Tim Ferriss Show, who buy four boxes, get a fifth box for free.
    0:03:48 You can check it out. You can also buy one box at a time. Try them for yourself at
    0:03:54 davidprotein.com slash Tim. Learn all about it. That’s davidprotein.com slash Tim to get a free
    0:04:00 box with a four-box purchase or simply learn more. Check it out. davidprotein.com slash Tim.
    0:04:06 This episode is brought to you by Eight Sleep. Temperature is one of the main causes of poor sleep,
    0:04:12 and heat is my personal nemesis. I’ve suffered for decades tossing and turning, throwing blankets off,
    0:04:16 pulling the back on, putting one leg on top, and repeating all of that ad nauseum. But now,
    0:04:22 I am falling asleep in record time. Why? Because I’m using a device that was recommended to me by
    0:04:28 friends called the PodCover by Eight Sleep. The PodCover fits on any mattress and allows you to
    0:04:32 adjust the temperature of your sleeping environment, providing the optimal temperature that gets you the
    0:04:36 best night’s sleep. With the PodCover’s dual zone temperature control, you and your partner can set
    0:04:44 your sides of the bed to as cool as 55 degrees or as hot as 110 degrees. I think generally, in my
    0:04:49 experience, my partners prefer the high side and I like to sleep very, very cool. So,
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    0:04:57 the PodCover makes temperature adjustments throughout the night that limit wake-ups
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    0:05:07 regulation, the PodCover sensors also track your health and sleep metrics without the need to use a
    0:05:12 wearable. Conquer this winter season with the best-in-sleep tech and sleep at your perfect
    0:05:17 temperature. Many of my listeners in colder areas, sometimes that’s me, enjoy warming up their bed
    0:05:22 after a freezing day. And if you have a partner, great, you can split the zones and you can sleep at
    0:05:28 your own ideal temperatures. It’s easy. So, get your best night’s sleep. Head to
    0:05:35 eightsleep.com slash Tim and use code Tim to get $350 off of the Pod 4 Ultra. They currently ship to the
    0:05:38 United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia.
    0:06:04 Good morning.
    0:06:12 You’re good, you’re good.
    0:06:19 Japan, yeah, Japan, U.S. is always a little tricky with the time zones. I typically do kind of end-of-day
    0:06:26 my time, early morning, Japan time. Yeah. But this morning’s good. It’s getting me back on
    0:06:31 central standard. I was coming from mountains, so this is like three hours before I usually get up.
    0:06:32 Okay.
    0:06:39 Just totally fine. It’s good. No, it’s good. I mainline some caffeine and we are ready to go off
    0:06:44 to the races. This is going to be fun, man. I always love an excuse to do creepy internet sleuthing
    0:06:54 on my friends. And what would make this? I ask this question always. You know all the housekeeping
    0:06:58 rules, bathroom break, water break. If you start something, you’re like, ah, let me try that again.
    0:07:04 We can clean it up in post since this isn’t Carnegie Hall. What would make this time well spent? I know
    0:07:10 you got the new book. What else, anything come to mind? Like this comes out, you’ve done interviews,
    0:07:17 you’re pro, you know how to weave prose, you’re a man in the public to some extent. What would make
    0:07:18 this time well spent?
    0:07:24 I mean, probably the most like affecting story of the last year or so of me is the adoption stuff.
    0:07:26 Yeah, for sure.
    0:07:34 So I think that that’s pretty fecund of emotion. It’s got a lot going on there.
    0:07:38 Might want to work on that headline, but I like it.
    0:07:44 So, you know, that’s the thing. And then all this stuff that’s happened with the cities has been
    0:07:46 really kind of a weird journey.
    0:07:52 I got like the very short kind of summary tease of things, but I don’t know the story,
    0:07:54 which always makes it more fun for me as well.
    0:07:59 Yeah. So I think in terms of like, what will listeners get the most out of, I think like
    0:08:05 that, that story about the cities and the New York times stuff and what’s come out of that,
    0:08:08 because it encompasses a lot of like, what does travel mean today? Why are we traveling?
    0:08:15 What does over tourism mean? How do you handle these massive tourism surges that are happening?
    0:08:18 Is there a way like to mitigate them or to send them to different parts of the country?
    0:08:21 So I think that’s like really interesting. I think the adoption stuff is really interesting.
    0:08:23 I mean, everything ties into the walking.
    0:08:25 What about you?
    0:08:26 What?
    0:08:30 Like this comes out and three months after it comes out, I appreciate you being so listener
    0:08:37 focused because God bless my dear listeners. But as far as this interview, like it comes
    0:08:40 out, what would make it, you look back and you’re like, God damn, I’m so glad I did that.
    0:08:43 I’m going to point people to that interview.
    0:08:47 I think it aligns very much with what I think would be interesting for listeners to listen
    0:08:51 to. I mean, I think the adoption stuff is, so basically I haven’t talked about the adoption
    0:08:52 stuff in English anywhere.
    0:08:53 Yeah.
    0:08:55 I haven’t written about it.
    0:08:56 Awesome.
    0:08:59 This is like the first time me doing anything public about that.
    0:09:02 And the debut of the fecundity.
    0:09:04 The emotional garden.
    0:09:09 So I, you know, I think that being able to like kind of crack that knot well would be
    0:09:10 really nice.
    0:09:11 Yeah.
    0:09:12 And everything else, I don’t know.
    0:09:13 I’m just happy to chat.
    0:09:15 Let’s just chat, man.
    0:09:16 Let’s just chat.
    0:09:17 I mean, we never have trouble doing that.
    0:09:19 I was trying to think how we initially connected.
    0:09:20 Do you even remember?
    0:09:29 I mean, I remember saying at some point, maybe, no, well, okay.
    0:09:35 So there was, there are two moments that we met one in 2011, right?
    0:09:40 In the beginning of 2011, I was at, what’s the neighborhood you lived in, in San Francisco?
    0:09:44 Glenn park down South, just South of the mission.
    0:09:48 Isn’t there another one kind of up where like I’ve lived up on the hit, like you kind of go
    0:09:51 up, not Pacific Heights or anything like that, but it was.
    0:09:53 It was close to Bernal Heights.
    0:09:54 Yeah.
    0:09:55 West.
    0:09:57 Boy, I’m a left, right kind of guy.
    0:09:58 Embarrassingly.
    0:09:58 Anyway.
    0:09:59 Let’s see.
    0:10:02 I was working in a cafe there with one of the Flipboard engineers.
    0:10:04 Ev must’ve been in a fancier place.
    0:10:05 Okay.
    0:10:05 Flipboard.
    0:10:06 Right.
    0:10:06 Yeah.
    0:10:08 This is as good a place as any.
    0:10:08 Yeah.
    0:10:09 Let’s keep going.
    0:10:09 Okay.
    0:10:11 So then I said, hi to you there.
    0:10:13 I said, Hey, oh, Hey, it’s blah, blah, blah.
    0:10:14 And you were like, Oh, cool.
    0:10:14 Yeah.
    0:10:15 Flipboard’s great.
    0:10:19 Then we exchanged words in the bathroom at food camp.
    0:10:20 Oh, thank God.
    0:10:21 I was like, Oh shit.
    0:10:23 What happened here?
    0:10:25 Power exchange.
    0:10:27 How do we end up at the power exchange?
    0:10:27 Kidding.
    0:10:28 Yeah.
    0:10:28 Yeah.
    0:10:32 So, and then I think it was just, yeah, I think it was the Japan walk.
    0:10:35 That was the first time we ever really talked.
    0:10:39 So that was got to two and a half years ago now already, which is mega hang.
    0:10:39 Yeah.
    0:10:40 That’s bananas.
    0:10:47 I was looking at the printed book of the walk with the photographs just the other day.
    0:10:51 And I was like, wow, that’s wild.
    0:10:55 And I don’t want to sound like too much of a old geezer, you know, although I am every day
    0:11:02 turning into more of an like, but the fact that it was two years ago is just mind blistering
    0:11:03 in a sense.
    0:11:04 It does not seem that long ago.
    0:11:05 Yeah.
    0:11:06 Yeah.
    0:11:06 All right.
    0:11:08 Well, let’s just hop into it then.
    0:11:11 And you mentioned Flipboard.
    0:11:12 So let’s start there.
    0:11:14 You lived in Silicon Valley.
    0:11:15 I did.
    0:11:17 And for a lot of people, that’s the dream.
    0:11:24 But you left Silicon Valley, ended up back in Japan.
    0:11:27 Could you just give us a bit of a thumbnail sketch?
    0:11:28 It doesn’t even need to be a thumbnail.
    0:11:29 We have all the time in the world.
    0:11:33 But where did you grow up?
    0:11:38 We’ll make it the really boring back in childhood intro.
    0:11:40 But where did you grow up?
    0:11:42 How did you end up at Silicon Valley?
    0:11:44 And why didn’t you stay in Silicon Valley?
    0:11:47 So, yeah, I mean, it’s funny to start with Silicon Valley because that was probably like,
    0:11:50 that was the shortest period of anything I did in my life, for the most part.
    0:11:51 It was very truncated.
    0:11:56 The reasons for which it’s truncated, I think, might be interesting, though.
    0:12:03 I mean, I grew up in this sort of like lower middle class post-industrial town.
    0:12:07 Like I grew up in this town where like an airplane engine factory was the heart of the town.
    0:12:08 What state was that?
    0:12:10 This is in Connecticut, weirdly.
    0:12:16 You really don’t think of Connecticut as like an industrial state, but there is stuff happening.
    0:12:16 Yeah.
    0:12:20 You know, ever since I was really young, I mean, I love books.
    0:12:21 I love writing.
    0:12:25 I was sort of like drawn to that, but I was also really drawn to video games.
    0:12:28 And like, I did not grow up in a place where people were reading, like no one around me
    0:12:30 was reading Ulysses.
    0:12:36 You know, it was like, it was pretty like culturally a bit of a desert, but there were video games
    0:12:38 and, you know, those came from Japan.
    0:12:40 And that was sort of intriguing to me.
    0:12:45 That was like my first contact, I’d say, with a culture outside of the town I came from.
    0:12:48 And there were computers.
    0:12:49 And I was really, really lucky.
    0:12:53 Like we did not have much money and our school districts were not well-funded.
    0:12:59 And, you know, it was just, I look back on it and I was extremely, extremely lucky with
    0:13:03 these chance opportunities I had, which basically enabled me to do everything I’m doing now.
    0:13:08 Very, very, very sliver, sliding doors style chances of opportunity.
    0:13:14 Like my family couldn’t really afford a computer, but my neighbor bought one and my neighbor was
    0:13:16 divorced and he lost his son in the divorce.
    0:13:18 So he was kind of like lonely.
    0:13:21 And I was like really hungry to be using computers.
    0:13:23 I was like, you know, eight or nine years old, 10 years old.
    0:13:27 I started going over there so much to use his computer that he just gave me the key to his
    0:13:30 house and he bought me my own phone line.
    0:13:34 And like, this guy’s kindness and he was really kind.
    0:13:36 He was just genuinely just a kind guy.
    0:13:39 I went to go about 10 years ago.
    0:13:43 I went to go find him and just say, thank you for having me lent me his computer.
    0:13:45 I mean, it really changed my life, this computer thing.
    0:13:47 And he had passed away.
    0:13:48 It really, he had a heart attack.
    0:13:53 So if you have someone in your life that you really want to thank, go thank them while
    0:13:55 they’re around.
    0:14:00 But you know how it is when you’re a kid, you don’t realize the luck that you’ve fallen
    0:14:01 into with something like that.
    0:14:01 For sure.
    0:14:03 So that was going on.
    0:14:06 And then I started using at his place, I got onto IRC.
    0:14:10 I started using PPP emulators to be able to use Mosaic.
    0:14:12 I was in the antsy art scene.
    0:14:13 I was like…
    0:14:14 What does PPP stand for?
    0:14:17 Just going to take a brief side quest here.
    0:14:20 We don’t need to get into the hyper specifics or what was it?
    0:14:24 It’s so funny that we’re starting here because this is like such a bizarre, almost like a
    0:14:25 footnote to like everything I’m doing now.
    0:14:28 Like nothing, everything I’m doing now feels so removed.
    0:14:30 I like starting with the footnotes.
    0:14:32 This is a pretty serious footnote.
    0:14:34 So I don’t even remember what PPP stands for.
    0:14:36 Basically, you had shell accounts, right?
    0:14:37 So you had these text-based shell accounts.
    0:14:39 These are like the first ISPs.
    0:14:42 I swear to God, this is going to get more literary if anyone’s listening.
    0:14:44 Internet service provider.
    0:14:45 Even I know that one.
    0:14:45 Yeah.
    0:14:49 No, but like we’re going to talk about books and walking in Japan and stuff.
    0:14:49 That’s all coming.
    0:14:53 But this kind of Genesis story is sort of interesting in that, you know, you have these
    0:14:54 text-based things.
    0:14:56 You could use IRC, which is like chat.
    0:15:00 It was like Discord, old school Discord, not owned by anyone.
    0:15:05 It was totally open, you know, like hosted on university servers, stuff like that.
    0:15:09 And I got connected with the ANSI art scene in there and I started doing ANSI art.
    0:15:16 I was really kind of captivated by design and by computer programming in the sense that what
    0:15:17 it could do for storytelling.
    0:15:20 That’s kind of how I saw it and that’s what sort of really captured my attention.
    0:15:23 And so I started working, you know, doing artwork with these guys.
    0:15:25 I was like 12, 13.
    0:15:26 These guys were all like five, six years older than me.
    0:15:28 They were mostly in California, a lot of them were.
    0:15:32 And they were all sort of getting into the internet.
    0:15:37 And so when I graduated high school, I had these weird connections that I had made on this
    0:15:40 text chat room when I was 13.
    0:15:43 And these guys were like, hey, we’ve started like a design agency.
    0:15:44 We’re doing a startup, whatever.
    0:15:46 Come out for the summer, be an intern.
    0:15:47 So that was my connection.
    0:15:51 And essentially, like, you know, I didn’t grow up with money and no one around us had money.
    0:15:52 There was no wealth.
    0:15:53 There was no real.
    0:15:57 Looking back now, I mean, there was absolutely no real wealth happening in our town.
    0:16:02 And if you look at the GDP statistics and stuff like that, I mean, it’s sort of like 20%
    0:16:06 of the national GDP was the average sort of GDP per capita of our town.
    0:16:08 America’s GDP is really high.
    0:16:14 Like per capita GDP is like $85,000, way higher than Japan, for example.
    0:16:16 Japan’s like 40, 45, something like that.
    0:16:19 Didn’t realize there was such a high discrepancy.
    0:16:20 The delta is pretty insane.
    0:16:23 So I did not come from money.
    0:16:27 And so I saw two ways to get out, essentially.
    0:16:29 From a very early age, I’m adopted.
    0:16:32 So there’s a sense of disconnection from that.
    0:16:37 And then from a very early age, I realized the place that I was growing up in was very,
    0:16:37 very tiny.
    0:16:40 And I needed to get far away for a number of reasons.
    0:16:41 But I knew I needed to get away.
    0:16:45 And I saw money as critical for that escape.
    0:16:48 And I saw two ways of making money.
    0:16:50 And one of them was the stock market.
    0:16:54 I joined the stock club as soon as I could at high school and was super geeking out.
    0:17:00 I think when I was 18 or 19, I was 19 when I opened an E-Trade account.
    0:17:03 I think I was one of the first probably 10,000 people to have an E-Trade account.
    0:17:05 I was like, yes, okay, I need this.
    0:17:06 Very weird.
    0:17:08 I mean, because there was no one in my family that had ever bought a stock.
    0:17:11 I was raised by my mother and my grandparents.
    0:17:15 My father was sort of out of the picture, even though it was an adoption.
    0:17:17 This is your adopted mother.
    0:17:19 These are my adopted parents.
    0:17:22 Even though they adopted me, they got divorced when I was like two.
    0:17:23 I mean, which was good.
    0:17:27 My father wasn’t a great guy, so it was good to kind of push him aside.
    0:17:31 But there was no archetypes for me of like, oh, this is how you generate wealth or create
    0:17:33 wealth or cultivate wealth or grow wealth.
    0:17:34 There was absolutely none of that.
    0:17:39 Or even just how to engage culturally with the world, to think about literature or to think
    0:17:39 about art.
    0:17:43 So I was just kind of like scanning the horizon, you know, and it was like, what do we knew?
    0:17:48 Like lifestyles are the rich and famous, you know, think about like what is as an 80s kid.
    0:17:54 I remember watching that, eating TV dinners with my parents watching Lifestyles of the Rich
    0:17:55 and Famous.
    0:18:00 I mean, like I didn’t eat a single meal that wasn’t like, that didn’t involve TV for my entire
    0:18:01 basically childhood.
    0:18:03 Yeah, same.
    0:18:06 I’ll do that differently when it’s my turn to set the rules, but yeah.
    0:18:11 So, you know, it’s like you think about when you come from a place like I come from, like
    0:18:12 what are your archetypes?
    0:18:14 Who establishes what’s possible in the world?
    0:18:16 And it really is like pop culture.
    0:18:17 Like those are the things you kind of reach for.
    0:18:19 Anyway, so you have like Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous.
    0:18:20 What are those people that do?
    0:18:24 They buy stocks, you know, they invest in stocks, blah, blah, stuff like that.
    0:18:26 So I was like, okay, I need to do that to get out.
    0:18:27 That’s like step one.
    0:18:31 And then I just loved the potential of the internet.
    0:18:34 Like as soon as I saw the World Wide Web, I was like, yes, this is where I want to write.
    0:18:37 This is what I want to build on top of.
    0:18:38 Like it was just so obvious to me.
    0:18:43 I was like 14 when I used Mosaic for the first time and it was just, oh, okay, great.
    0:18:44 I don’t have to think about anything.
    0:18:45 This is like just what I do.
    0:18:50 And very quickly I realized like if I became good at web stuff, I would be making more money
    0:18:52 than anyone in my town.
    0:18:56 You know, it was just like this weird, again, this arbitrage of kind of information and skill.
    0:18:58 And like, I just saw this very early on.
    0:19:01 The ability to kind of go out to Silicon Valley as like an intern.
    0:19:03 I drove my Honda Civic.
    0:19:06 It was like a 93 Honda Civic with no power or anything.
    0:19:09 It was like all, I basically had to like crank the thing to keep going.
    0:19:12 Drove across America and went out there and interned.
    0:19:14 And I just, I really loved it.
    0:19:17 And I loved the people and the culture and the opportunities.
    0:19:19 And it really just set my mind ablaze.
    0:19:20 I mean, it was really exciting.
    0:19:24 And I was kind of working on blogging software before Blogger launched.
    0:19:30 I mean, there’s definitely, when I talk about like opportunity and, you know, they say basically
    0:19:34 wealth is unevenly distributed, but really what you’re talking about is opportunity being
    0:19:35 evenly distributed or not.
    0:19:40 When you like listen to the generous story of someone like Bill Gates, he’s just surrounded
    0:19:42 by this like abundance of opportunity.
    0:19:47 You know, like the fact that the university had these terminals he could use and like, it was
    0:19:51 just, people were all kind of cultivating his ability to take advantage of these opportunities.
    0:19:55 And there’s definitely an alternate reality where like I had a little more opportunity.
    0:19:56 I was in Silicon Valley a little bit earlier.
    0:20:02 And like, I just had the sense of self-worth and confidence, I think, to do things differently
    0:20:02 and build stuff.
    0:20:05 That was like one timeline that didn’t happen.
    0:20:07 And I went out there and I loved it and I enjoyed it.
    0:20:11 At the same time, I really wanted to live abroad.
    0:20:12 I knew I needed to get away.
    0:20:16 And because of certain things that kind of happened and things that I felt in my town,
    0:20:21 not being kind of the people of my town, not being supported by the greater whole, I kind
    0:20:28 of had this from a very early age, a lack of, I would say, belief in the American system.
    0:20:29 And I just felt like I had to leave America.
    0:20:30 There’s a very strong impulse.
    0:20:34 Like I have to get outside of this country to see things differently.
    0:20:36 This felt important to me for some reason, intuitively.
    0:20:37 What about the system?
    0:20:40 When you say system, what specifically?
    0:20:44 Because we’ll spend a lot of time talking about Japan, I am sure.
    0:20:49 But Japan is, it’s not exactly North Korea, right?
    0:20:52 It’s similar to the US in some respects.
    0:20:55 So what do you mean by the American system in that context?
    0:20:58 Could just be a felt sense of something, right?
    0:21:00 It doesn’t have to be super Wikipedia.
    0:21:03 In the moment, I had absolutely no words for it.
    0:21:04 I had no way to describe it.
    0:21:07 It really was just a, just because like you’re operating from a lack of experience.
    0:21:11 Like you haven’t seen enough of the world, but you just intuitively, there was a sense
    0:21:13 of, okay, we aren’t being supported.
    0:21:17 And then when I went to college, that was the big shock for me was getting to college and
    0:21:21 meeting everyone else and immediately feeling this gap of kind of abundance.
    0:21:22 I was lucky.
    0:21:23 I scored really well.
    0:21:27 I could, even though I’m bad at tests taking, I don’t like taking tests.
    0:21:32 I tested well, I was able to go to a good college, really some, you know, a really good
    0:21:32 university.
    0:21:37 And it was just the first three days, four days, I was just in shock.
    0:21:39 I was like, oh, these people are from a different planet.
    0:21:44 The resources they had, the archetypes they clearly had in their lives, the way they’ve
    0:21:48 learned to learn, to speak, to move through the world, like what they expect.
    0:21:51 I was just like, this doesn’t compute for me at all.
    0:21:53 And it was immediately, I bounced off of it so fast.
    0:21:55 I was just like, I need, I can’t be here.
    0:21:56 I shouldn’t be here.
    0:22:01 There’s something fundamentally missing, broken, sort of like lacking inside my, inside
    0:22:02 my chest.
    0:22:04 And I get it.
    0:22:08 That’s what drove me to just go, okay, I should live abroad.
    0:22:12 I need to leave this country in part to rebuild that on my own.
    0:22:13 Got it.
    0:22:13 Okay.
    0:22:20 So when did you move to Japan at what year, what age?
    0:22:23 I was 19 and it was 2000.
    0:22:25 2000.
    0:22:26 Okay.
    0:22:26 Yeah.
    0:22:27 Which is insane.
    0:22:29 I can’t believe it’s been 25 years now.
    0:22:30 It is.
    0:22:31 Okay.
    0:22:32 Got it.
    0:22:35 And you, just to paint a picture for folks.
    0:22:40 So you, you moved to Japan when you’re 19 and then you bounced around after that.
    0:22:42 You didn’t stay in Japan the entire time.
    0:22:43 Am I right?
    0:22:45 Of course, because we met after that.
    0:22:47 Yeah, sort of.
    0:22:52 So to give you like the, the macro timeline, I go when I’m 19, I stay for a year.
    0:22:54 I go to university there.
    0:22:54 I love it.
    0:22:58 While I’m there, the Silicon Valley bubble, the first bubble pops.
    0:23:00 So there really isn’t a Silicon Valley to go to.
    0:23:01 My plan was to go to Japan.
    0:23:06 I applied on a whim to university there and I applied independently.
    0:23:10 So I wouldn’t have to, normally when you kind of do study abroad, you’re, you keep paying
    0:23:11 your American university fees.
    0:23:12 Yeah.
    0:23:12 Right.
    0:23:13 International.
    0:23:18 And I looked at the fees for Japanese universities and for like a year with homestay, it was like,
    0:23:20 you know, $8,000, 5,000.
    0:23:23 It was like an absurdly affordable amount of money.
    0:23:26 And you know, there was scholarships available.
    0:23:27 It was like, why wouldn’t I just go do this?
    0:23:28 Of course I’m going to do this.
    0:23:33 But I, my plan was to drop out and move to Silicon Valley and just build stuff.
    0:23:34 Okay.
    0:23:37 So Japan for like a year or two and then go back to Silicon Valley.
    0:23:37 Yeah.
    0:23:38 Japan for a year.
    0:23:41 And then in the middle of it, everything collapsed.
    0:23:44 And then I was like, okay, well, maybe I should graduate university.
    0:23:48 So I applied in the middle of it as a transfer student to a university.
    0:23:50 I thought I would like better than the one I was at before.
    0:23:54 And I got in, I ended up going to UPenn.
    0:23:58 And so for me, I was the first person in my family.
    0:24:00 To go to university, certainly big university.
    0:24:02 My mom went to community college.
    0:24:06 She worked her butt off to become a elementary school teacher, but I was the first person
    0:24:07 to go to like university, university.
    0:24:08 My father didn’t go anywhere.
    0:24:11 My grandparents were both working at the airplane engine factory.
    0:24:12 So this is a big deal.
    0:24:14 And should I have gone to Penn or not?
    0:24:17 I mean, honestly, it was just the Ivy.
    0:24:24 So this incredible sense of, I have to create or generate on my own a sense of self-worth.
    0:24:29 And the draw of an Ivy was just too big.
    0:24:32 So anyway, I ended up getting in much to my shock.
    0:24:36 And so after that first year in Japan, I went back, went to UPenn.
    0:24:37 I did that for two years.
    0:24:40 In the summer between, I came back to Japan, did an internship at a magazine.
    0:24:45 And then as soon as I graduated UPenn, I was back to Japan, going back to Waseda, doing
    0:24:49 another year of intensive language studies in a grad program.
    0:24:52 And then I basically just stayed since then.
    0:24:52 All right.
    0:24:55 We’re going to take yet another side quest.
    0:24:56 It’s not really a footnote.
    0:24:59 I know quite a few people who’ve moved to Japan.
    0:25:06 You’re the only non-Japanese person as an adult I know who speaks exceptional Japanese.
    0:25:13 As you’re aware, there are a lot of foreigners who kind of stay in the expat bubble, which is
    0:25:13 fine.
    0:25:17 People do that in the US too when they move here, for instance.
    0:25:18 Plenty of examples of that.
    0:25:20 How did you learn your Japanese?
    0:25:24 If there are people listening who think to themselves, man, I would really love to learn
    0:25:25 Japanese.
    0:25:28 Any thoughts based on your own experience?
    0:25:32 Well, I think in general, language learning is easier if you have a musical background.
    0:25:39 And I grew up all through my teens obsessively playing drums, just drumming, drumming, drumming,
    0:25:42 playing jazz, playing classical, playing in big band orchestras, playing everything.
    0:25:47 So I think listening, being a good listener, obviously, is paramount.
    0:25:50 But when I got to Tokyo, I did a homestay.
    0:25:52 They couldn’t speak one word of English.
    0:25:59 And I immediately just joined the music circle at university, which was only Japanese people.
    0:26:01 I wasn’t trying to avoid the international crowd.
    0:26:04 In fact, the international group I was with were amazing.
    0:26:11 It was actually, I got to the school, I got to Waseda, and the international program was what I had always dreamed and hoped university would be.
    0:26:15 It was super international, super mixed, kids from all over the world.
    0:26:18 They were all extremely serious about their studies.
    0:26:21 They were all way better Japanese speakers than me.
    0:26:24 I had had like one year of university Japanese before I came.
    0:26:26 To give you an example, there are 13 levels.
    0:26:26 Which is not a lot.
    0:26:28 Which is not a lot.
    0:26:29 It’s nothing.
    0:26:30 I mean, basically, I could barely say hello.
    0:26:33 And even that was probably not correct.
    0:26:35 So there are 13 levels of Japanese class at the university.
    0:26:36 I was in two.
    0:26:41 There were kids who came from SOAS in London who had done one year at SOAS.
    0:26:42 They came there.
    0:26:43 Sorry, you said SOAS.
    0:26:47 And I thought about the muscle that causes me so many problems.
    0:26:49 What the hell is SOAS?
    0:26:53 SOAS is the School of Oriental and African Studies in London.
    0:26:54 Oh, wow.
    0:26:55 Unfortunate branding.
    0:26:56 But yes.
    0:27:01 They have the most total badass language program.
    0:27:03 Like, honestly, if you want to learn Japanese, go to SOAS.
    0:27:04 Just go to SOAS.
    0:27:04 I got it.
    0:27:06 Those kids, they had done one year at SOAS.
    0:27:07 They arrived in Tokyo.
    0:27:09 They were in level 10, level 11.
    0:27:10 Holy shit.
    0:27:11 Good for them.
    0:27:12 It was insane.
    0:27:13 Must be a brutal boot camp.
    0:27:15 So they were amazing.
    0:27:19 Yeah, it’s like 70% of kids drop out of it or something like that.
    0:27:19 Yeah.
    0:27:20 Babysitting mutants.
    0:27:22 Basically.
    0:27:25 The kids were, they were amazing speakers.
    0:27:29 And so when we hang out, it’s great to hang out with people who are a few levels above where
    0:27:31 you speak because then you’re able to pick it up.
    0:27:31 For sure.
    0:27:33 You’re like, oh, what’s that little grammatical thing you’re doing?
    0:27:33 What’s that word you’re using?
    0:27:36 And then I just hung out with Japanese people constantly and played music.
    0:27:41 And music was really, you know, this lingua franca sort of thing where I could just hang
    0:27:42 with all these incredible musicians.
    0:27:44 I’ve been playing drums for so long.
    0:27:45 I was in the studio all the time.
    0:27:49 And you just start to pick up slang and casual Japanese.
    0:27:56 It also gives you a context through which you can develop Japanese friendships without having
    0:27:57 a lot of Japanese, right?
    0:28:00 Which was judo for me because I came from wrestling.
    0:28:07 And they didn’t care if I sounded like, you know, a caveman with traumatic brain injury.
    0:28:07 They didn’t care.
    0:28:12 As long as I could actually help the team and do something, they were like, great, we’ll support
    0:28:12 the savage.
    0:28:15 And that worked.
    0:28:21 And I’m curious to know, did you end up, at least in my case, way back in the day, this
    0:28:26 was probably in, I think it was in Shinjuku maybe, where I found Kinokunya.
    0:28:35 And I went there to the Japanese language learning section and found English language judo textbooks.
    0:28:36 Right.
    0:28:44 So it also became a way for me in terms of motivation to learn how to read.
    0:28:49 Because once I made it through those textbooks, I was like, well, all that’s left are judo textbooks
    0:28:56 in Japanese, which means I’m going to need to learn to read Japanese, which is its own thing.
    0:29:00 I’m very envious that you had the students who were a few levels above you, because that
    0:29:03 just seems like the perfect recipe, right?
    0:29:03 Huge.
    0:29:08 Because to teach, if you’re at a homestay like I was when I was 15, I had three different
    0:29:11 host families, not because I was a delinquent, but that’s how it was set up.
    0:29:15 You would rotate through different families over the course of a year.
    0:29:23 And the first, let’s just say, first family, pretty much a wash because I couldn’t communicate
    0:29:27 at all, nor could I ask them questions in Japanese to clarify what they were saying.
    0:29:33 And then the second family probably took me a month before I found my legs and could finally
    0:29:34 start communicating with them.
    0:29:40 My host family was very lovely, but completely, completely bonkers.
    0:29:43 Let me paint this picture for you.
    0:29:45 So they ran an udon noodle shop, right?
    0:29:47 So every meal was udon.
    0:29:53 So udon, you should explain, but it’s like these very thick noodles, right?
    0:29:53 Yeah.
    0:29:54 Yeah.
    0:29:54 Yeah.
    0:29:59 So it’s like soba is sort of, soba is weird because it’s both like the fast food of Japan
    0:30:03 in the sense like there’s tachigui soba in front of stations that you can go to at seven
    0:30:05 in the morning and just slurp something up before you go to work.
    0:30:06 And it costs like two bucks.
    0:30:08 Soba means standing and eating literally, right?
    0:30:09 You’re at a countertop standing.
    0:30:15 But at the same time, soba can also be incredibly refined where you spend $30 on a bowl and it’s
    0:30:16 like two slurps and you’re done.
    0:30:21 And so anyway, soba’s got that weird gamut, but udon is like firmly just like working class
    0:30:22 food.
    0:30:24 Like it doesn’t really get fancy.
    0:30:27 And so there’s some places that try to make it fancy, but it’s really not that fancy.
    0:30:29 So anyway, this is a working class family.
    0:30:30 So it was, it was sort of ironic.
    0:30:35 I left my working class town to go across the world and I get plopped down basically
    0:30:38 in, in a place that felt really, I was like, oh, okay.
    0:30:39 I know these people.
    0:30:40 I know this part of town.
    0:30:42 It was a very working class part of Tokyo.
    0:30:46 And, um, you know, there was like kind of homeless people out walking around that I’d like say
    0:30:47 hi to all the time.
    0:30:51 And like, I’d go to the arcade and there’d always be, you know, these weird, like middle
    0:30:54 aged people that just clearly didn’t have jobs playing street fighter all the time.
    0:30:55 So we’d just play together.
    0:30:57 I was like, I get this.
    0:30:58 These are, these are totally my people.
    0:31:01 So they had an udon shop and there was an 11 year old son.
    0:31:07 And unfortunately for me, he slept in his parents’ bed.
    0:31:13 So he didn’t have any privacy and he decided he had discovered his penis soon after I arrived.
    0:31:21 And he decided that he was going to release frequently around the house in different places.
    0:31:27 So, so I would be, try to send an email at the kotatsu.
    0:31:29 So it’s, you know, it’s like November, it’s kind of chilly.
    0:31:30 I’m sitting under the kotatsu.
    0:31:32 We’d had like, there was, the house was so cold.
    0:31:33 What’s a kotatsu?
    0:31:36 Kotatsu is a low table with like a heater underneath it.
    0:31:38 So it’s basically, you put your legs under it.
    0:31:40 There’s like a big, heavy blanket.
    0:31:42 Like everything that’s under the table is kind of a mystery.
    0:31:44 You don’t know what, what’s lurking under the table.
    0:31:45 Oh no.
    0:31:48 This house was so cold.
    0:31:52 This house got, I swear to God, probably like three minutes of sunlight a year.
    0:31:56 Like it was just, I don’t even know how they architected it to have so little sunlight.
    0:31:58 It was just so freezing, no insulation.
    0:32:02 One of the people I met at the arcade, I was like complaining about like how, how cold it
    0:32:02 was.
    0:32:05 And they bought me a full body snowsuit to wear to bed.
    0:32:10 You’re like Kenny from South Park when you went to bed.
    0:32:13 I was like, well, how, what am I supposed to do?
    0:32:15 This is literally the coldest I’ve ever been in my life.
    0:32:17 Anyway, so we’re, we’re sitting under the kotatsu.
    0:32:21 I’m doing emails, the little 11 year olds, like reading manga.
    0:32:24 And then suddenly I realized he’s doing a little more than reading.
    0:32:26 So he’s just jerking off everywhere.
    0:32:29 This kid is just, he’s just masturbating all over the house.
    0:32:33 And like, I don’t know how to say don’t masturbate.
    0:32:38 So I, I came home from school the next day and we were alone and I was just like, I got
    0:32:40 to tell him to not, not jerk off everywhere.
    0:32:41 And so I was like, I mimed it.
    0:32:46 I had to like mime, don’t masturbate under the table, you know, and like his brain, I’m
    0:32:51 like, I’m sure if Japan had therapy, you know, which no one goes to therapy in Japan, we
    0:32:52 could talk about that too.
    0:32:56 Like, which I think is like a great travesty of Japan, but like if Japan had therapy, this
    0:32:58 kid definitely, I probably caused him some therapy.
    0:33:01 He probably, he hasn’t masturbated in 24 years.
    0:33:05 Like one way or another, he was going to need some therapy or an equivalent, but yeah.
    0:33:06 Oh, wow.
    0:33:08 So, so that was insane.
    0:33:11 And then now in your mind, are you like, these people are insane.
    0:33:12 You’re like, wow, this is Japan.
    0:33:14 No, I was like, oh my God.
    0:33:16 I sort of pulled the short straw on my homestay.
    0:33:20 Like other kids’ homestay families, it was like, they were like, oh, I live on the 34th
    0:33:23 floor of this beautiful, you know, tower apartment block.
    0:33:25 And my family is taking me skiing next weekend.
    0:33:28 My family, they’re like, oh, we’re going to go to our summer home.
    0:33:29 You want to come?
    0:33:30 I was like, yeah, great summer home.
    0:33:31 They take me to their summer home.
    0:33:35 It’s like a shack by the river, like with cockroaches.
    0:33:38 I was like, what, what is going, where, who are these people?
    0:33:42 They were very sweet, but it was, I was like, I don’t know if these people should have homestays,
    0:33:42 dudes.
    0:33:47 Well, my guess is they got paid by Wasida or whoever, right?
    0:33:48 So it’s a gig.
    0:33:49 It’s a gig.
    0:33:50 And they had so many gigs.
    0:33:57 So they had another gig was they were like hosting a Korean kid who was just working,
    0:34:01 I guess, like as like a laborer at the Udon restaurant.
    0:34:03 Like, but he lived, he slept in the closet.
    0:34:05 So they’re getting a two for one.
    0:34:07 They get free labor.
    0:34:10 So I’ve got the 11 year old son jerking off all over the place.
    0:34:13 And then there’s this Korean guy who was like maybe 25.
    0:34:14 He sleeps in the closet.
    0:34:19 He was super Christian because, you know, it’s like Christianity is sort of like a, it’s a huge
    0:34:19 thing in Korea.
    0:34:26 And so he would come into my bedroom every night and you kneel in the entryway of my
    0:34:31 bedroom and go, Craig, son, I want, will you please come with me to church?
    0:34:32 Like every night he would ask me to come to church.
    0:34:38 So I’m like, I’m just in the most, and I’m trying to like figure out who I am.
    0:34:40 I’m trying to like recreate this, like a personal identity.
    0:34:43 And I’m just like, there’s ejaculate flying everywhere.
    0:34:45 There’s cockroaches like shooting across the room.
    0:34:47 I’m going to sleep in a snowsuit.
    0:34:49 This Korean kid is asking me to go to church with him.
    0:34:51 All I’m eating is udon.
    0:34:56 It was, it was a weird, it was a weird landing.
    0:34:56 Oh my God.
    0:34:57 All right.
    0:35:02 So you can see why I like to explore the footnotes because we could have skipped that whole story.
    0:35:03 We could have skipped all that.
    0:35:10 Just a quick thanks to one of our sponsors and we’ll be right back to the show.
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    0:36:16 I want to point out a few things to folks who have not spent a lot of time in Japan,
    0:36:19 or maybe they just went to Japan and stayed in some fancy hotels.
    0:36:21 There are a lot of cockroaches in Japan.
    0:36:22 Oh, yeah.
    0:36:23 A ton.
    0:36:23 A ton.
    0:36:24 Oh, yeah.
    0:36:28 And my second host family, who I’m still very close to, I’m actually going back to see them
    0:36:29 next month.
    0:36:30 I’m very excited.
    0:36:35 This is, God, I mean, this is more than 30 years later.
    0:36:38 I’m still close to my host parents and my brothers.
    0:36:41 It’s just an amazing blessing in my life.
    0:36:49 Talk about inflection points were real moments that at the time seemed special, but you don’t
    0:36:51 realize quite the significance, kind of like the computer.
    0:36:52 Way to rub it in, Tim.
    0:36:53 Yeah, just rub it in.
    0:36:55 I’m glad you had a good host day.
    0:36:56 Hold on, hold on.
    0:36:59 I had a good host day, but the house was full of cockroaches.
    0:37:02 And this is in Tokyo.
    0:37:04 It’s very common.
    0:37:11 And these cockroaches, people weren’t probably betting on getting a lot of cockroach talk in
    0:37:16 this conversation, but the cockroaches also in Japan are very fond of flying.
    0:37:21 They will not just scurry, but they’ll take off and just fly right into your face.
    0:37:27 And so my host mom, when she went into the laundry room, the dog’s name, this little tiny
    0:37:30 like miniature Shiba was called Aichan.
    0:37:35 And she would walk in there and then a bunch of cockroaches would like fly out of the laundry
    0:37:35 into her face.
    0:37:38 And she’d go, Aichan, Aichan, Gokipuri, Gokipuri.
    0:37:40 She’d be like, cockroach, cockroach.
    0:37:46 And this little miniature Shiba would storm in and kind of porpoise nose these cockroaches
    0:37:46 to death.
    0:37:52 And this was like a daily, at least multiple times a week kind of thing.
    0:37:54 But yeah, that homestay sounds pretty formative.
    0:37:57 It’s funny now, but it was pretty stressful.
    0:37:59 It speaks to how much I was enjoying everything else.
    0:38:04 And it was so clearly a business for them too, because I was like, for a spring break, I hitchhiked
    0:38:05 across the country.
    0:38:10 And I told them, I said, hey, I’m going to go hitchhike to Fukuoka now.
    0:38:11 And they’re like, oh yeah, good luck.
    0:38:11 Bye.
    0:38:16 It was like, there was no, it wasn’t like, hey, do you want, do you need some supplies?
    0:38:17 Do you want us to drive you somewhere?
    0:38:19 It was like, oh yeah, good luck.
    0:38:20 We’ll see you in a month.
    0:38:25 I have to just tell you one story, which I don’t, we’ve never talked about, but we’ve
    0:38:26 talked a lot, but we haven’t covered this.
    0:38:30 So my very first host family, I got the distinct impression they didn’t really want me there.
    0:38:35 They were also being paid and they were reasonably polite.
    0:38:40 But there’s a difference, you learn this, I think, pretty quickly in Japan, like there
    0:38:42 is a difference between polite and nice.
    0:38:45 There is like tanin gyogi, right?
    0:38:49 Like there’s like stranger formality where you’re like, oh, so polite.
    0:38:50 Yes, very polite.
    0:38:51 But they didn’t really want me there.
    0:38:59 And my host mom really begrudged having to make me lunch, school lunch, right?
    0:39:05 So basically I got these like mayonnaise sandwiches on like white bread every day for lunch.
    0:39:10 And after a week or two of this, I was like, I can’t, I just can’t do this.
    0:39:13 So I would go to lunch in my uniform.
    0:39:16 I was the only American student for most of my time there.
    0:39:20 It was very easy to find where’s Waldo in my school uniform.
    0:39:26 And there were other kids, though, who had been given the same like curry rice by their
    0:39:27 mom every day.
    0:39:28 And they were pretty sick of it.
    0:39:30 So I started trading my breakfasts.
    0:39:37 And when this was discovered by my host brother, he actually started a fistfight with me.
    0:39:43 He was so offended that I’d like dishonored his mother by trading her mayonnaise sandwiches.
    0:39:44 Oh my God.
    0:39:48 Because a lot of folks who’ve never been to Japan or if they’ve just been in the hotels,
    0:39:50 right, they have a certain image of the Japanese.
    0:39:53 Here, here’s my advice.
    0:39:53 Okay.
    0:39:54 You’re listening to this.
    0:39:55 You’re like, you’re a teenager or whatever.
    0:39:56 You think you want to go to Japan.
    0:39:57 Go to Japan.
    0:39:58 Don’t do a homestay.
    0:39:59 That’s my advice.
    0:40:03 Like I think, you know, all of my friends who were in the dormitories, I was so jealous
    0:40:07 of them because it was just sane and like controlled and like you had heaters and stuff
    0:40:07 like that.
    0:40:09 Now I’ll push back though.
    0:40:14 If you were in a dormitory, depending on how it was configured, especially in this day and age with
    0:40:18 smartphones and so on, you might not learn as much Japanese.
    0:40:19 I mean, there’s a chance.
    0:40:20 I don’t know.
    0:40:25 I would do a homestay again, even though I took some bruises, not as many moments of
    0:40:32 ejaculate flying as you experienced, but nonetheless, also this is such like inside baseball, but
    0:40:35 holy shit are houses in Japan cold a lot of the time.
    0:40:43 I mean, it’s like, and I just remember getting up to go to the bathroom and if you think like my
    0:40:49 parents were very cheap with electricity growing up on Long Island and it was cold, but if you
    0:40:54 think that’s cold, go to Japan and experience the lack of insulation in the middle of the winter
    0:41:00 and get up and it is freezing, freezing cold.
    0:41:01 All right.
    0:41:03 So we’ve covered a bunch of that.
    0:41:08 That was now, tell me when you left Japan to go back to UPenn.
    0:41:11 I guess we can kind of peg it in your macro timeline.
    0:41:13 You get back.
    0:41:15 What happens after UPenn?
    0:41:21 The summer between junior and senior year, I did an internship in Tokyo at a magazine
    0:41:25 and the editor in chief there was like, Hey, I want to start a publishing company.
    0:41:26 Do you want to like be the art director?
    0:41:27 And I was like, yes.
    0:41:31 Just because one of the summers in Silicon Valley, I did an internship with like a startup,
    0:41:32 like a small design agency.
    0:41:33 And it was great.
    0:41:39 And then the second summer I got a job with a bigger company and I got a taste of being
    0:41:39 in a company.
    0:41:40 And what does that mean?
    0:41:44 And like being part of the system and I was just immediately like, okay, I can’t do this.
    0:41:46 So I had no intention.
    0:41:47 I just couldn’t do it.
    0:41:49 I was like, okay, this isn’t for me.
    0:41:50 This isn’t for me.
    0:41:51 This system is broken.
    0:41:52 Whatever this is.
    0:41:53 I can feel it in my chest.
    0:41:54 I can’t do this.
    0:41:58 And I remember walking around San Francisco that summer that I had, I was working at the
    0:42:00 big company and I was just like talking with my friend Rob.
    0:42:03 And I was just like, and they offered me, they’re like, Hey, we’ll pay for college.
    0:42:04 Like stay with us.
    0:42:06 They really, you know, I was like, whatever.
    0:42:08 I was kind of talented at doing web crap.
    0:42:10 Like back then, not many people were.
    0:42:12 And I was like, no, I can’t do this.
    0:42:13 And I was like, I’m running away to Japan.
    0:42:16 I had always had this fierce independence and it’s connected with where I come from because
    0:42:20 like where I came from, I saw there was no healthcare.
    0:42:22 People were fairly struggling.
    0:42:26 You know, a lot of my friends, their sisters were pregnant as teenagers.
    0:42:29 It was like kind of endemic, like people just weren’t really being supported.
    0:42:32 So from a very young age, I was like, I have to be independent.
    0:42:33 I have to control my destiny.
    0:42:40 I have to be sort of pathological about making sure I’m secure to like get to the next stage.
    0:42:42 And so being independent was really important to me.
    0:42:45 My buddy, you know, the editor-in-chief’s like, Hey, let’s start a publishing company.
    0:42:47 I was like, great, let’s do that.
    0:42:48 I’ll move back to Tokyo as a student.
    0:42:50 I want to go do grad school stuff anyway.
    0:42:53 We can start like getting the publishing company up and running.
    0:42:57 And when I was at UPenn, I had a couple of amazing professors.
    0:43:02 The reason why I picked UPenn was because I, it had a computer science and fine arts program.
    0:43:04 And it was called the DMD, digital media design.
    0:43:05 That’s cool.
    0:43:06 I didn’t realize that.
    0:43:07 That’s early.
    0:43:09 It was super early, super early.
    0:43:12 Cause you had the MIT media lab, but that was only grad school.
    0:43:17 And I loved John Mita’s stuff, Ben Fry’s stuff, Casey Ray’s stuff that was all coming
    0:43:18 out of MIT media lab.
    0:43:22 And I was so into all that, but I was too young to go to MIT as a grad student.
    0:43:24 And I was like, okay, where can I do this?
    0:43:27 And, you know, and it was like NYU kind of had a program that was like technology, I think
    0:43:33 and maybe our CMU had technology and theater and UPenn had fine arts and computer science.
    0:43:34 So I was like, great, let me do that.
    0:43:37 And the fine arts component was incredible.
    0:43:40 And I had two professors that kind of changed my life.
    0:43:45 One was Joshua Mosley, who he was an acclimation animator guy.
    0:43:45 He runs the department now.
    0:43:52 He was just, he was just this incredible archetype of like the artist doing these bizarre claymation
    0:43:52 things.
    0:43:52 Wait a second.
    0:43:58 So even at that time, he’s doing like claymation stop motion stuff in this digital media lab.
    0:43:58 Yes.
    0:43:59 Yes.
    0:44:03 And teaching us how to use the latest 3d programs.
    0:44:07 It was this totally interesting kind of like analog digital thing happening.
    0:44:10 I had some amazing photography professors.
    0:44:15 My focus was photography, but I also had a design professor, Sharka Highland, who was
    0:44:16 like this Eastern European.
    0:44:22 I don’t really know what her background was, but she was like the meanest, unless she liked
    0:44:23 your work and wish she loved you.
    0:44:27 You know, it was like one of these teachers that like she would not pull any punches.
    0:44:30 And so like everyone has their, you know, designs.
    0:44:35 Like I remember we had to like design a book cover and I had like the sun also rises or something.
    0:44:36 I think it was a Hemingway cover.
    0:44:39 Everyone’s got their stuff up on the wall and like kids are like crying because she’s
    0:44:40 like, this is gotta bitch.
    0:44:41 I hate this.
    0:44:42 This sucks.
    0:44:43 This is terrible.
    0:44:43 This is bad.
    0:44:47 This is, you know, and like, but like be very specific or specific than I think.
    0:44:49 Let me tell you the ways I hate this.
    0:44:49 Yes.
    0:44:50 So many.
    0:44:51 Where do I start?
    0:44:51 Yeah.
    0:44:52 She was amazing.
    0:44:53 She was so great.
    0:44:57 She blew open my mind about design and about book design.
    0:44:59 And it got me obsessed with wanting to make books.
    0:45:00 I’d always loved books.
    0:45:01 I’d always loved technology.
    0:45:05 You know, all the tech stuff, the blogging stuff, you know, the online writing, whatever,
    0:45:09 the news groups, all this was interesting, but nothing really captured my attention like
    0:45:09 physical books.
    0:45:15 And around the same time, McSweeney’s, the publisher out of San Francisco, Dave Eggers,
    0:45:18 he’s got his heartbreaking work of staggering genius comes out.
    0:45:20 In the moment that was like, what is happening?
    0:45:21 This book is so meta.
    0:45:23 This is like, you know, this is so much fun.
    0:45:24 You know, he’s funny.
    0:45:25 It’s a moving story.
    0:45:29 And he founded McSweeney’s and McSweeney’s was doing so many interesting things with the
    0:45:30 book as a form and design.
    0:45:35 And basically this editor-in-chief and I were like, hey, let’s do like mini McSweeney’s
    0:45:37 that’s kind of connected with Japan.
    0:45:38 That was kind of the thesis.
    0:45:40 Well, let me pause for a second here.
    0:45:41 So Sharka, was that the name?
    0:45:42 What a fucking name.
    0:45:44 I think I’m getting that roughly right.
    0:45:45 All right.
    0:45:46 Sharka Highland.
    0:45:46 Yeah.
    0:45:48 Sharka Highland.
    0:45:51 That is straight out of a comic book.
    0:45:59 So Sharka Highland, what was it that she taught you or showed you or imbued into you that got
    0:46:02 you excited about book covers or that type of design?
    0:46:03 It could be a feeling.
    0:46:05 It could be her enthusiasm.
    0:46:08 Like what was it that clicked for you?
    0:46:15 So I think I’d spend a lot of my teenage years in this like autodidactic way of trying to
    0:46:16 understand design.
    0:46:18 I didn’t know any of the greats.
    0:46:23 And I remember the first summer I was out in San Francisco, I remember going to Razorfish
    0:46:24 back in the day.
    0:46:24 Yeah.
    0:46:29 I printed out a portfolio at Kinko’s, this really terrible design portfolio.
    0:46:31 And I went to Razorfish.
    0:46:31 I went in there.
    0:46:35 I was like, hey, I’d like to talk to someone about, you know, maybe interning here or working
    0:46:35 here.
    0:46:39 And they like brought over this manager and he just, he was this really nasty guy.
    0:46:41 And he just, he was like, who are your favorite designers?
    0:46:42 Who do you like?
    0:46:46 And I was like, uh, you know, I hadn’t gone to design school at this point.
    0:46:47 I was like 18 years old.
    0:46:48 I was 19 years old.
    0:46:52 I came from this place that like literally no one had picked up like a John Updike book,
    0:46:55 let alone looked at the cover, let alone thought about who designed it.
    0:46:58 And I’m like, you know, I was really into internet design.
    0:46:58 So I was like K10K.
    0:47:02 And like the, I was naming all these handles of like antsy artists and stuff.
    0:47:03 And he’s like, who’s that?
    0:47:08 So I was just like, yeah, he was totally, he was terrible.
    0:47:09 He was terrible.
    0:47:12 But like, this is the thing I think that’s difficult for people to understand.
    0:47:18 If you come from a place where you aren’t surrounded by a kind of a sense of culture or a sense
    0:47:20 of archetypes or whatever, and then you leave and you go into the bigger world and you realize
    0:47:25 people aren’t sort of operating with the same deficit you might have in those ways, that
    0:47:28 your sense of self-worth to ratchet that up is a really difficult, long process.
    0:47:30 And that’s basically what I spent all of my twenties doing.
    0:47:36 And I think Sharka saw in me that I had a certain intuitive, like eye for design.
    0:47:42 And she was able, even though she was so critical and she was critical of some of the things I
    0:47:45 remember she asked me, she’s like, why did you make that red?
    0:47:46 And I was like, I don’t know.
    0:47:47 I kind of like red.
    0:47:48 She’s like, look at this idiot.
    0:47:50 He doesn’t even know why he made it red.
    0:47:51 You know?
    0:47:52 And I was like, I was like, oh man.
    0:47:56 But really the reason was I, you know, I’m colorblind and like, I don’t really see that
    0:47:56 many colors.
    0:47:59 And so I was like, oh, red is like a color that like is easy for me to use.
    0:48:01 Well, hold on a second.
    0:48:03 So let me just double click on that.
    0:48:09 I know this is my habit, but when I think of colorblind, usually I think of red as one
    0:48:11 of the most commonly missing colors.
    0:48:12 Yeah.
    0:48:14 Because you don’t have the cones.
    0:48:14 Right.
    0:48:15 Red, green.
    0:48:15 Yeah.
    0:48:15 Red, green.
    0:48:18 But like a strong, vibrant red, I can see really well.
    0:48:20 And so that’s kind of what I was drawn to.
    0:48:26 If you look a lot of my early design slash all of my design, it’s like red plays a pretty,
    0:48:27 it’s basically black, white, and red.
    0:48:31 It’s like, that’s what I’ve been riffing off of for 25 years.
    0:48:34 The Sin City color palette.
    0:48:34 Yeah.
    0:48:39 But Sharka, I would say, you know, saw enough of like potential slash an intuitive sense of
    0:48:41 design that she elevated.
    0:48:42 And I did some branding work.
    0:48:46 I did branding work for the publishing company that I started with this guy, the editor-in-chief.
    0:48:50 And, you know, she kind of reviewed it and she like gave me all this amazing feedback.
    0:48:54 So she really, she made me feel like I could do it, which is incredible.
    0:48:58 I had one teacher in elementary school, kind of like that.
    0:49:00 It was like a brutal woman.
    0:49:05 But if she decided she really loved you, then she paid attention.
    0:49:12 And I don’t know if this is true with Sharka, but was it your intuitive sense or was there
    0:49:20 part of you, did you reflect in what you did in the class in some way pointing to you caring
    0:49:21 more than other students?
    0:49:22 I’m just curious about that.
    0:49:28 Because I remember the moment when this teacher went from brutalizing me to actually deciding,
    0:49:30 okay, now I’m going to give you a little extra attention.
    0:49:36 And it’s because I spent like 10 times more time than I needed to on this class project where
    0:49:39 I illustrated all of these different components of it.
    0:49:41 She was like, oh, okay.
    0:49:42 All right, fine.
    0:49:45 I’d like to say that I was caring more, but I’m not sure.
    0:49:47 I’m not sure I knew how to work yet.
    0:49:52 When I think back to who I was back then, I don’t think I understood what really, truly
    0:49:54 committing to a creative project felt like.
    0:49:56 I wish I could go back in time.
    0:49:59 Going to university, I think when you’re 18, 19, 20 is such a waste.
    0:50:01 But you just don’t know what you’re doing.
    0:50:02 I certainly didn’t.
    0:50:06 There’s a part of me that’s like, I’d really love to go back to school.
    0:50:11 As a footnote, I just dropped my stepdaughter off at boarding school.
    0:50:13 Big backstory to all of this.
    0:50:14 But I dropped her off.
    0:50:16 She’s going to school in New Zealand.
    0:50:19 We wanted her to kind of find an interesting place.
    0:50:20 This is like my ex’s kid.
    0:50:24 So it’s like this, we can talk about this and adoption and like what blood means for
    0:50:24 family or whatever.
    0:50:29 But like, I consider her, she’s my daughter, you know, even though it’s a complicated situation.
    0:50:31 Anyway, to New Zealand.
    0:50:34 And I brought her there in January, the two of us.
    0:50:35 I took her down to school.
    0:50:37 I went to like the parent initiation and all that stuff.
    0:50:43 She’s 15 and I was so excited for her.
    0:50:45 I mean, it was a little bit embarrassing.
    0:50:46 I was probably too excited.
    0:50:49 But I was just like, oh my God, I would have cut off.
    0:50:54 I would have literally cut off a finger to have had this opportunity when I was 15 to be able
    0:50:55 to come to a place like this.
    0:50:56 It’s not that fancy.
    0:50:58 It’s like, you know, whatever.
    0:51:00 It’s like, I didn’t want her surrounded by a bunch of pricks.
    0:51:02 So it’s like, it’s very like sane.
    0:51:04 It’s like a sane boarding school.
    0:51:08 It’s not, it’s not fancy, but there’s resources and there’s like a great music program and she
    0:51:10 can take piano lessons and guitar lessons.
    0:51:12 And there’s like a great sports program and all this stuff.
    0:51:16 And I was just like, oh my God, you are so, I’m like, you don’t understand.
    0:51:17 I’m like shaking her.
    0:51:18 She’s like, please stop.
    0:51:19 You’re embarrassing me.
    0:51:22 Like why go leave, please dad, get out of here.
    0:51:26 But I was just like, I was like, this is so, so incredible that you could do this.
    0:51:31 And just as like the sense of like, I know how I could use those resources in a way.
    0:51:34 I think even when I was at UPenn, I didn’t quite understand, but I did, I worked hard.
    0:51:35 I was committing to these things.
    0:51:35 I was working hard.
    0:51:39 You know, I think we’re going to weave in and out of Japan.
    0:51:42 So I feel like we can pause on that for a minute.
    0:51:47 I ultimately want to get an idea of what it is, like, what are the things in Japan that
    0:51:50 attract you so much to it that keep you there?
    0:51:56 Maybe things that people miss, but I want to ask you as maybe a segue into
    0:52:00 some of your huge walks and trips in general.
    0:52:05 Tell me if this makes any sense, because I have not read the full context on this
    0:52:10 because I didn’t know this story, but I wanted to ask you about it.
    0:52:12 2009 hike to Nepal.
    0:52:14 Is that enough of a cue?
    0:52:16 Can you tell this story?
    0:52:18 Yeah, that’s an inflection point.
    0:52:20 I just got like goosebumps actually.
    0:52:23 So I really struggled with alcohol in my twenties.
    0:52:25 My teenage years, I didn’t touch anything.
    0:52:28 I was militantly straight edge ish.
    0:52:33 And basically looking back now, I realize I had such a strong impulse to make sure I could
    0:52:35 get to whatever the next place was.
    0:52:40 Anything I saw that could hold me back, which included falling in love or doing drugs or anything
    0:52:43 like that, that was like a retarding agent.
    0:52:46 As a teenager, I was like, immediately I was like, okay, I don’t need this.
    0:52:49 And I got to Japan and it was like, oh, this is a place to reinvent myself.
    0:52:54 And I started drinking because as you do, because people drink so much here.
    0:52:57 And it turns out that I can drink a lot.
    0:53:00 I can have 15, 20 drinks, not throw up.
    0:53:01 I lack out.
    0:53:02 Sure.
    0:53:06 But like there’s something in my genes that allows me to just drink.
    0:53:11 And then after two or three drinks, something activates where it’s just all we live for is
    0:53:11 more drink.
    0:53:17 And I think, you know, from most of my twenties, because I had such a low sense of self-worth
    0:53:21 because of where I came from, because of, I felt this abundance of people around me that
    0:53:22 I didn’t feel I had.
    0:53:24 And I didn’t know how to ratchet that up.
    0:53:32 And I had this desire to produce culture or to produce art, to produce literature at a
    0:53:35 level that I didn’t know how to, and I didn’t know how to bridge that gap.
    0:53:39 And what I ended up doing was, because I didn’t have mentors, because I didn’t have
    0:53:41 archetypes near me, I just drank like a fish.
    0:53:45 And I played a lot of music because that was one thing I did have mastery over.
    0:53:48 And I played a lot of music and I played a lot of that blacked out.
    0:53:51 And, you know, it was just, I’m really lucky I didn’t die.
    0:53:55 I mean, it would be one of these things where many, many mornings of my life, I’ve woken up
    0:53:58 and it’s just been checking, is my face okay?
    0:54:00 Did I break my skull open or, you know, something like that.
    0:54:02 And I was madly in love.
    0:54:03 I fell madly, madly in love.
    0:54:05 I was 26, 27 years old.
    0:54:11 And I just, I had the most incredible love connection I’d ever felt.
    0:54:14 This like otherworldly sense of being in love with this person.
    0:54:22 And we connected so intensely and immediately went on a 40-day trip.
    0:54:26 Like a week after meeting, a 40-day trip through Tibet.
    0:54:28 We went to Tibet.
    0:54:30 I was possessed by a spirit.
    0:54:32 I like, I spoke in tongues.
    0:54:33 Wait, hold on.
    0:54:34 We hiked up to a glacier.
    0:54:38 I mean, we can’t really skip over getting possessed by spirits.
    0:54:50 I mean, it was, yeah, there was, we stayed at this one little hotel in Laza that had not
    0:54:51 always been a hotel.
    0:54:52 You know, it was this old structure.
    0:55:00 And woke up the next morning and my girlfriend was being very strange.
    0:55:01 She was being very weird.
    0:55:02 And I was like, what’s going on?
    0:55:04 She’s like, I’ll tell you when we get outside.
    0:55:04 I was like, what?
    0:55:06 You’ll tell me when we get outside?
    0:55:06 Like, what’s this about?
    0:55:11 And we go outside and she goes, okay, last night we had to get out of there because last
    0:55:14 night I woke up in the middle of the night.
    0:55:19 You were on your side of the bed cradling something that was not there.
    0:55:21 You were speaking in Tibetan.
    0:55:23 I couldn’t get you to wake up.
    0:55:27 And I was trying to speak to you in English, trying to speak to you in Japanese.
    0:55:28 You wouldn’t respond.
    0:55:35 And I finally crawled over on your side of the bed and I kind of took the air that you
    0:55:41 were holding and I turned you on your side and you were able to like calm down and go
    0:55:41 to sleep.
    0:55:47 And I was like, oh my God, I had this, cause I had had this vision slash dream of this woman
    0:55:51 in white standing in the doorway and for at the foot of the bed the night before.
    0:55:53 And I don’t know what was, what was happening.
    0:55:56 And like, even now I’m like full body goosebumps right now.
    0:56:00 Oh God, it’s like straight out of paranormal activity or something.
    0:56:02 I’m just like, oh God.
    0:56:03 It was so bizarre.
    0:56:06 And we had been, you know, and you have to imagine like, I don’t know if you’ve ever been
    0:56:10 in love to this degree where it just feels like everything in the world is fated.
    0:56:13 Like everything is a sign that you need to be together, that this is magic.
    0:56:16 Like only these things can possibly happen because you’re connected, you’re together.
    0:56:20 We both bought, I remember we like pulled out our books on the first day of the trip.
    0:56:23 We had both brought The Stranger by Camus.
    0:56:27 You know, it was like, it was like, oh my God, we’re fated.
    0:56:31 I went back to the hotel and I went to the manager and I was like, hey, uh, I don’t
    0:56:32 think we could stay here tonight.
    0:56:33 He’s like, oh, what’s wrong?
    0:56:36 And I was like, well, you know, I was kind of possessed, saw this.
    0:56:37 He’s like, did you see the woman?
    0:56:43 And I was like, yeah, he’s like, he’s like, oh, oh yeah, yeah, no, I, we know what’s going
    0:56:43 on with that here.
    0:56:45 We’ll take you to the dream reader.
    0:56:47 And so I was like, what?
    0:56:48 You’ll take me to the dream.
    0:56:52 So I ended up, I’ll try to, try to truncate this cause it can, it can kind of get a little
    0:56:56 bit long, but I mean, I’m not sure anybody listening wants you to truncate this particular
    0:56:56 story.
    0:56:59 So go wherever you want.
    0:57:03 One of the workers there is like, you know, the manager’s like, okay, take him to the dream
    0:57:03 reader.
    0:57:05 So, and I’m thinking, okay, this is a scam.
    0:57:06 I’m getting scammed.
    0:57:12 And he takes us and we go to like the outskirts of Lhasa.
    0:57:16 We go to this like really kind of weird apartment block that was just made of concrete.
    0:57:18 It was maybe like two or three stories tall.
    0:57:22 And he takes us to this room on the third floor.
    0:57:25 And there’s a line of people, a line of Tibetans waiting at this door.
    0:57:28 And they were all waiting to have their dreams read.
    0:57:30 So it was like, okay, this is bizarre.
    0:57:32 So we wait, we stand in line, we go inside, we sit down inside.
    0:57:35 The most beautiful, I don’t know how old she was.
    0:57:39 She was anywhere between 15 and a thousand years old.
    0:57:44 Like she was just this, this creature of just the most bizarre light walks out.
    0:57:46 It was like being in the matrix, you know, the scene in the matrix where they’re like with
    0:57:50 the spoon and the bending and you’re in this random apartment, the TV’s on, you know, it
    0:57:51 was like that situation.
    0:57:56 She comes over, brings some yak, buttermilk tea, some cookies, because someone’s in the
    0:57:59 dream reader room and we’re waiting for them to get out.
    0:58:00 And then our term comes up.
    0:58:04 I go in there, you go into this room, it’s all candles, Dalai Lama photos, like all this
    0:58:04 stuff.
    0:58:06 It’s like, you feel like in this really holy space.
    0:58:09 And the guy from the hotel interprets for us.
    0:58:10 I tell her the dream.
    0:58:10 I tell her what happened.
    0:58:16 And she gives me this blessing, puts a white wreath around my neck, gives me this little
    0:58:20 satchel of seeds and tells me to put them under my pillow when I sleep and then writes me a
    0:58:21 prayer.
    0:58:24 And she says, okay, here’s these three pieces of paper.
    0:58:27 You have to take them to these three temples and they will burn them for you tonight.
    0:58:28 They’ll know what to do.
    0:58:31 Just tell them the dream reader sent you and you’ll be okay.
    0:58:31 You’ll be fine.
    0:58:32 Everything will be good.
    0:58:36 And I was like, no one’s asking me for money.
    0:58:39 You know, and the guy, the hotel guy’s like, oh, you can like leave a tip if you want or
    0:58:39 whatever.
    0:58:42 And like, you know, it was like a $2 or something.
    0:58:43 I like put $2 in a little thingy.
    0:58:48 And then we go to the temples and like, it ended up becoming this incredible adventure.
    0:58:50 This connects with a lot of my walking as well.
    0:58:53 You know, it’s like having experiences like this, I think informed the sense of like, just
    0:58:58 give yourself up to what the day could potentially give to you.
    0:59:01 And so I ended up going to all these temples I would have never gone to.
    0:59:04 I went to the dream reader’s apartment, which was like the most bizarre, beautiful place I
    0:59:07 went to in all of Tibet in that entire trip.
    0:59:10 We went to these temples, you know, met these monks, say, hey, can you burn this for me?
    0:59:11 Oh yes, of course.
    0:59:12 Absolutely.
    0:59:15 You know, give them like a dollar, you know, 50 cents or whatever.
    0:59:17 You know, the whole thing costs nothing.
    0:59:18 It was clearly not a scam.
    0:59:24 It was clearly this thing that a lot of locals were participating in and it was magic.
    0:59:25 It was just pure magic.
    0:59:30 So anyway, things like that were happening with this woman and I screwed it up because of my
    0:59:30 drinking.
    0:59:32 I ruined the relationship.
    0:59:36 She punched me in the face at one point, very rightfully so, you know, and she was like,
    0:59:38 hey, I can’t be with someone like you.
    0:59:39 This happened on that trip?
    0:59:41 Not on that trip.
    0:59:42 That happened a couple months later.
    0:59:44 We ended up staying together for about three months.
    0:59:49 And basically, I mean, it was just, it was about 10 years worth of lifetimes in three months.
    1:00:01 But losing her was probably the biggest psychic damage I’d ever encountered in my life, you know, as an adult.
    1:00:08 And I remember just lying in my tiny apartment in Tokyo, my six mat tatami room apartment in Tokyo.
    1:00:09 It was three in the morning.
    1:00:11 I wanted to die.
    1:00:13 It was rock, rock, rock, rock bottom.
    1:00:15 This isn’t like a ritual story.
    1:00:17 I didn’t like get up and run 40 miles or anything like that.
    1:00:19 But I was like, I’m going to start running.
    1:00:23 And I went out and I ran like 5k at three in the morning through the streets of Tokyo.
    1:00:28 And I was like, okay, I need to stop drinking.
    1:00:31 And to stop drinking, I’m going to run this marathon in November.
    1:00:33 I think it was like July when this happened.
    1:00:34 And I just started preparing for that.
    1:00:42 These were actually the first steps for me to deliberately address this lack of self-worth that I’ve been carrying around for all of my adult life.
    1:00:50 And that had, I think, driven me to drink the way I drank, that to give into whatever those genetic impulses were, and to start to go, okay, we’re going to run.
    1:00:51 We’re going to be someone who runs.
    1:00:54 A lot of this is also like very Atomic Habits style stuff.
    1:00:57 It’s like, who are you going to be and how are you going to set yourself up to be successful?
    1:00:59 I’m going to be a person who runs.
    1:01:01 I’m going to be a person who doesn’t drink.
    1:01:03 I’m going to be a person who charges a lot.
    1:01:12 So I was at this time, you know, with the publishing company thing, we were producing these books that were winning awards and making absolutely no money.
    1:01:17 And so I was consulting, doing like web design consulting and stuff like that.
    1:01:21 And I was like, okay, I’m going to start charging absurd amounts of money for my time.
    1:01:22 The worst that can happen is people reject.
    1:01:24 And they started accepting it.
    1:01:32 And I was like, oh, little by little, all of these stupid little steps from the time I was basically 27 to 30.
    1:01:36 These were the most important years of tiny little steps.
    1:01:37 My time is more valuable.
    1:01:39 I’m going to be a person who runs.
    1:01:40 I’m going to be a person who can take care of himself.
    1:01:44 I still drank, even though I tried to not drink, but I started lowering it.
    1:01:51 It took me about four full years to completely get off the sauce in a really dangerous way.
    1:01:58 And it kind of, part of it culminated in going to Nepal and climbing up to Annapurta base camp.
    1:02:03 And that was after we had broken up and I felt like all the magic of my life was done.
    1:02:05 I felt like there was no way for me to experience magic again.
    1:02:10 I felt like she, and again, it’s this totally irrational sense of scarcity.
    1:02:16 The amount of scarcity I felt as an adult in my twenties is just shocking.
    1:02:18 It was this fathomless sense of scarcity.
    1:02:20 Like the money’s not going to be there.
    1:02:21 The love isn’t going to be there.
    1:02:22 The support isn’t going to be there.
    1:02:27 And then when I lost her, I was like, I’m never going to have anyone who will ever love me.
    1:02:28 Like this person loved me.
    1:02:31 And like, well, I’m never going to be able to create like I created with this person.
    1:02:34 And I had to start proving to myself that that wasn’t true.
    1:02:36 And I climbed up.
    1:02:39 I was like, okay, I’m just going to go to Nepal and I’m going to climb up Annapurta, go to base camp.
    1:02:41 It was a pretty random choice.
    1:02:43 What’s the elevation on something like that?
    1:02:44 Roughly.
    1:02:44 Do you have any idea?
    1:02:46 It’s headache elevation.
    1:02:47 That’s the elevation.
    1:02:51 You’re definitely not comfortable.
    1:02:53 You’re definitely at altitude sickness levels.
    1:02:58 It’s like, yeah, that’s 13,550 feet.
    1:02:58 That’s high.
    1:03:01 But it’s going to be enough for altitude sickness for sure.
    1:03:02 Yeah.
    1:03:04 So I fly out there.
    1:03:08 I go to Pocata, which is the town that kind of everyone starts the trek from.
    1:03:10 I wasn’t going to hire a guide.
    1:03:13 At the last second, I thought, okay, maybe I shouldn’t do this alone.
    1:03:16 And I went to like the random guide shop and I said, hey, do you have a guide?
    1:03:18 I just want him to be there to make sure I don’t die.
    1:03:19 I need to be alone.
    1:03:21 This needs to be kind of like a solo thing.
    1:03:22 I’m being like a weirdo.
    1:03:25 And he’s like, the guy’s like, yeah, no problem.
    1:03:25 No problem.
    1:03:25 Yeah.
    1:03:28 He gives me this young guide.
    1:03:29 He must’ve been like 18.
    1:03:36 And he was the sweetest, most compassionate, incredible human.
    1:03:40 We bonded as brothers.
    1:03:41 He was calling me older brother.
    1:03:42 I was calling him younger brother.
    1:03:44 Die and bye.
    1:03:49 And I got to base camp on my 29th birthday.
    1:03:56 It was, and it was a full moon and I put this thermos of coffee or hot water in my jacket.
    1:04:00 And I walked out to the edge of the moraine looking out over the, essentially you’re on
    1:04:01 the moon up there.
    1:04:02 I mean, it really is incredible.
    1:04:03 The edge of the, what did you just say?
    1:04:04 Moraine?
    1:04:05 What is a moraine?
    1:04:11 Moraine is sort of like when a glacier pulls back and it leaves this kind of valley, essentially.
    1:04:11 I see.
    1:04:12 Got it.
    1:04:14 And you’re kind of at this lip.
    1:04:19 It’s a huge fall down, but you’re also in this, not caldera, but you’re in this cradle.
    1:04:23 You’re surrounded by Annapurna and Machu Picchu and like all these other mega peaks.
    1:04:24 It’s just amazing.
    1:04:28 The base camp is in this cradle of beauty and lifelessness.
    1:04:29 It’s like you’re on the moon.
    1:04:35 And I sat up there and it was just a really important moment to sit there and not have
    1:04:38 a smartphone and not to be like taking photos and like trying to tweet or whatever.
    1:04:40 That trip was so powerful to me.
    1:04:44 I came back and I was like, I have to write about this and I have to write about the camera
    1:04:45 that I was using.
    1:04:48 And I have to create something from this.
    1:04:52 I have to wrest something from this experience, give it form.
    1:04:58 And I wrote this ridiculous camera review that was kind of one of the first, I don’t want
    1:04:59 to say it was the first field review.
    1:05:02 You know how like everyone does like the field review of like iPhone cameras and stuff now.
    1:05:04 But this was early.
    1:05:05 I mean, very early.
    1:05:09 This is 2009 and it was the Panasonic GF1.
    1:05:11 It was this tiny little camera that was actually made.
    1:05:15 I think it was made to market to women because it was like meant to be this like really tiny,
    1:05:20 cute camera, but it was also this amazing camera and it was micro four thirds, this new
    1:05:21 technology, this new sensor.
    1:05:23 And I was like, this is really kind of exciting, really cool.
    1:05:27 I wrote about that and the article went bananas.
    1:05:30 What happened as a result of that article going bananas?
    1:05:32 Like what dominoes did that tip over?
    1:05:35 That article is the first, I think, long form ish.
    1:05:37 It was mixing design.
    1:05:39 It was mixing the web.
    1:05:44 And when you say mixing design, that means you had multimedia components or a mixture of
    1:05:46 photographs and texts.
    1:05:47 What do you mean by that?
    1:05:52 There was a lot of designers on the web, like Zeldman, Jason Santamaria, Liz Danzico, working
    1:05:59 in the early, mid 2000s, late 2000s, like refining the CSS spec and like showing, you know, CSS
    1:06:01 ZenGuard and showing what you can do with design and stuff like that.
    1:06:06 But it was always, you know, there was blogs and stuff, but there weren’t really articles
    1:06:09 that were like long form designed in the same way you do for like a magazine.
    1:06:15 There was a guy in Tokyo who I was sharing a studio with, Oliver Reichenstein, who was
    1:06:16 running this thing called Information Architects.
    1:06:18 And he was doing it.
    1:06:19 And again, this is like the power of archetypes.
    1:06:24 I would sit next to Oliver and watch him work on these mega articles about typography or
    1:06:25 whatever and design these beautiful pages.
    1:06:28 And I was like, oh, that’s how the work is done.
    1:06:29 This is how long it takes.
    1:06:30 This is how much you have to refine.
    1:06:36 So I took that archetype of Oliver, who was generous enough to give me studio space in his
    1:06:36 studio.
    1:06:40 I applied it to this walk and to this camera review.
    1:06:44 This guide too, he was like, there’s this love that I wanted to give this thing because,
    1:06:48 you know, we came down from the mountain, the guide, his name is Home, Home, H-O-M.
    1:06:51 We come down and we’re both, we’re saying goodbye.
    1:06:52 And it’s like such an emotional goodbye.
    1:06:53 We don’t want to say goodbye.
    1:06:56 He goes, die, you know, older brother.
    1:07:01 He goes, like a month before we met, my older brother died in a motorcycle accident.
    1:07:05 And I’ve not had any happiness since then.
    1:07:09 And meeting you, it was like meeting him coming back.
    1:07:12 And we’re both just like sobbing, like, oh my God, I love you.
    1:07:20 And so I came out of that Nepal experience, believing in magic and believing in that kind
    1:07:24 of love and being able to like generate it on my own, not having to have that person.
    1:07:29 Again, ratcheting up the sense of like self-value and like, I can produce these kinds of experience
    1:07:30 on my own.
    1:07:32 And I wanted to give that to the article.
    1:07:36 And so I just worked on it for weeks and weeks and weeks, which is like, it was a long
    1:07:36 time.
    1:07:37 It wasn’t that big of an article.
    1:07:38 It was refining.
    1:07:42 I remember hilariously, I was in New York for part of this.
    1:07:45 I was in New York City and a friend was like, hey, do you want some Adderall?
    1:07:46 I was like, I’m working on this thing.
    1:07:47 And they’re like, you want some Adderall?
    1:07:48 And I’m like, yeah, sure.
    1:07:49 Like, I’ll try some, give you some Adderall.
    1:07:52 So I remember it’s like, I’m in Harlem.
    1:07:53 I’m at my friend’s apartment in Harlem.
    1:07:56 Like, it’s like 11 o’clock at night.
    1:07:58 I had never taken Adderall before.
    1:07:59 I was like, okay, I’ll try it.
    1:07:59 I take it.
    1:08:01 You take it at 11.
    1:08:02 I take it at 11.
    1:08:07 And I’m just like, I’m like writing this like camera review, eating carrots and stuff.
    1:08:08 They had like a bag of carrots.
    1:08:11 I’m like eating carrots, like a rabbit, writing this camera review.
    1:08:14 I remember we were in Harlem and it was like a, it was almost like a basement apartment.
    1:08:17 I’m looking out, there’s like people’s feet walking out outside the window.
    1:08:18 And I’m like, ah, I got to write this review.
    1:08:19 I got to write this review.
    1:08:22 This is like Stephen King back in the cocaine sprint days.
    1:08:27 So I committed to this thing and it came out and it just got picked up everywhere.
    1:08:30 And it, you know, it turns out there’s a reason why there was all these camera review sites
    1:08:33 because I was smart enough to put affiliate links on it.
    1:08:37 And basically in a month it generated like, I don’t know, $20,000 in revenue.
    1:08:38 It was just insane.
    1:08:38 Holy shit.
    1:08:40 In affiliate fees.
    1:08:43 For me, back in 2009.
    1:08:44 Yeah, that’s wild.
    1:08:46 We were selling like millions of dollars with these cameras.
    1:08:50 And I had always lived because of the sense of scarcity.
    1:08:53 I had always lived pathologically below my means.
    1:08:57 My cost of living, one of the reasons I stayed in Tokyo throughout my twenties was my cost of
    1:08:58 living was so low.
    1:09:03 I could live in the center of this incredible city and I needed to make a thousand dollars
    1:09:06 a month that would cover my rent, all my food and like entertainment.
    1:09:11 Which is so unexpected for a lot of people listening, right?
    1:09:15 Because when we were growing up, it was like, oh, Tokyo is the most expensive city in the world,
    1:09:15 right?
    1:09:18 As a kid growing up on Long Island, like that was what you heard.
    1:09:19 For sure.
    1:09:24 And like, if you want to buy a hundred square meter apartment in Ginza, yeah, it was a lot
    1:09:24 of money.
    1:09:25 Sure.
    1:09:25 Right.
    1:09:28 That is the interesting thing about Tokyo is that there are options.
    1:09:33 You don’t have to live far in the outskirts and every neighborhood still to this day, there
    1:09:34 are affordable options.
    1:09:35 Yes, it’s small or whatever.
    1:09:37 Sometimes they don’t have baths.
    1:09:38 You have to use the public bath, things like that.
    1:09:41 But there are options, which is what is so powerful about this city.
    1:09:46 And again, we can talk about what I felt here that kept me here subconsciously about kind
    1:09:52 of just being supported by society and having those options to live in this place and to
    1:09:55 get the benefits of being in a big city and only needing to make a thousand dollars a month.
    1:09:58 So anyway, getting $20,000 was like, oh, great.
    1:10:01 There’s like two years of rent, two years of living.
    1:10:03 And I got that, you know, in a month doing this thing.
    1:10:07 And it taught me there’s a financial sustainability to this.
    1:10:11 If I commit to these things, I try to transmute these experiences, these kind of personally
    1:10:14 transcendent experiences into something that I give to other people.
    1:10:17 There’s a response to that.
    1:10:18 It resonates.
    1:10:19 So that was exciting.
    1:10:23 Again, these slow, like you could just hear this creaking, this ratcheting up of like this
    1:10:27 meter, this weird old meter of like self-worth, like, oh, I have value.
    1:10:30 I don’t have to operate on such a scarcity mindset.
    1:10:31 And I did that.
    1:10:37 And then that led, like a month after that, the iPad came out and I had been doing all
    1:10:38 of this book design.
    1:10:40 I’d been winning awards as a book designer.
    1:10:46 When I was 24, I was asked to be a judge in the art director’s club in New York City.
    1:10:48 I thought it was a joke email.
    1:10:50 It was one of the Winterhouse people.
    1:10:53 Again, talk about these like people picking you out.
    1:10:55 Remind me, Winterhouse, this is.
    1:11:01 Winterhouse was this just incredible early, late 90s or 2000s design studio.
    1:11:06 And one of the directors there was one of the people, board of directors for the Art Directors
    1:11:07 Club.
    1:11:09 And he had just been watching my work online.
    1:11:10 I was doing these kind of experiments.
    1:11:14 We were putting out these books and he’s like, oh, this kid is doing interesting stuff.
    1:11:15 He should come and be a judge.
    1:11:20 You know, I had these things that were happening that were sort of signals that were hard for
    1:11:21 me to believe in.
    1:11:22 I always, this is a fluke.
    1:11:23 This is a fluke.
    1:11:24 I’m not valuable.
    1:11:25 This happened accidentally.
    1:11:29 And then I’d go to the Art Directors Club and I’d meet all the people there and I’d be
    1:11:31 like, oh my God, I’m not supposed to be here.
    1:11:33 It’s just this incredible, infinite imposter syndrome.
    1:11:38 Anyway, but there’s a slow ratcheting up and the iPad comes out.
    1:11:40 And then I was like, okay, I’ve been doing these books.
    1:11:42 I’ve been doing a lot of digital work.
    1:11:46 I’m like, I can write about the future of books on the iPad.
    1:11:49 And I wrote, again, committed to this article.
    1:11:52 And I wrote this thing called Books in the Age of the iPad.
    1:11:56 I hit publish here in Japan at night.
    1:11:57 I went to bed and I woke up.
    1:11:59 The New York Times had written about it.
    1:12:02 I had like hundreds of emails in my inbox.
    1:12:03 It really changed my life.
    1:12:10 It was just suddenly I went from being this invisible person to being this voice about books
    1:12:12 and digital media and where things were going.
    1:12:17 I went to South by Southwest like a month later and it was just insane.
    1:12:19 Everyone I wanted to meet, wanted to meet.
    1:12:23 All of these heroes, these design heroes, these design figures.
    1:12:25 It’s good timing a week later, right?
    1:12:26 I mean, that’s incredible timing.
    1:12:29 It was like a month later, but it was just like the energy, yeah.
    1:12:33 But the half-life of that article was still alive and well, right?
    1:12:37 Question, how much time did you put into that particular piece?
    1:12:39 Did you pour over it?
    1:12:40 Yeah.
    1:12:44 Well, I remember writing and rewriting the intro like 50 times.
    1:12:52 The reason I’m asking is that it strikes me, and this is a hugely leading question slash
    1:13:00 commentary going into a question, but the fact that your camera review and your experience
    1:13:09 climbing Annapurna was rewarded after so much effort sort of along the lines of, I guess it
    1:13:12 was Oliver, who put so much work into a creative project.
    1:13:16 And you said earlier with Sharker, like you didn’t really know how to work yet.
    1:13:24 The fact that you were rewarded after putting so much into it is such a blessing in a sense,
    1:13:24 right?
    1:13:28 Because when I think of the work that you do, it’s like quality, quality, quality.
    1:13:33 There is like a Giro Dreams of Sushi aspect to it, but it could have cut a different way,
    1:13:33 right?
    1:13:40 I mean, like you could have done something that was done kind of fast and cheap and dirty and
    1:13:43 holy shit, your life would be very different potentially, you know?
    1:13:50 I mean, part of what I was doing, you know, I listened to the Brandon Sanderson interview,
    1:13:52 and I mean, that’s an incredible interview.
    1:13:56 Just talk about tenacity, like infinite, infinite tenacity.
    1:13:56 What?
    1:13:59 Like six, writing six, seven books before you go to the market to even try to sell them.
    1:14:00 Oh my God.
    1:14:00 It’s crazy.
    1:14:02 Didn’t even try, right?
    1:14:03 It’s crazy.
    1:14:05 Because he heard that your first five books are garbage.
    1:14:08 He’s like, okay, so I just won’t even try to sell them.
    1:14:09 It’s totally bananas.
    1:14:17 I mean, my tenacity was plowed into creating a lifestyle where I could always say no to
    1:14:19 things that I didn’t want to do.
    1:14:23 And I knew I could, there would always be another creative or fine art project that I could commit
    1:14:25 myself to and could do so uncompromisingly.
    1:14:27 When did you decide that?
    1:14:30 Was that after raising your prices and you’re like, oh, okay, wait a second.
    1:14:32 No, when I was like 13.
    1:14:33 Oh, you late?
    1:14:34 Oh, really?
    1:14:38 Well, because like I grew up in an environment where we didn’t have an abundance.
    1:14:42 It’s not like I was like, you know, we were going on these crazy vacations and like had
    1:14:46 a yacht and like, you know, it was like we had six houses and like 15 cars and I was driving
    1:14:46 around.
    1:14:50 It was like, there was, I wasn’t coming from this place of incredible abundance and then
    1:14:51 like having to sacrifice.
    1:14:54 All through my life, I had been sort of trained aesthetically.
    1:14:56 Right, right.
    1:15:01 You were like an accidental monk in training, like you said, pathologically living below your
    1:15:02 means.
    1:15:06 And then as soon as I kind of felt I had that one summer where I entered at the bigger
    1:15:07 company that paid me really well.
    1:15:09 And I was like, okay, this doesn’t work for me.
    1:15:13 This totally does not jive with my soul.
    1:15:17 And so when I got to Tokyo and I realized, oh, wow, rent is this cheap.
    1:15:18 Cost of living is this cheap.
    1:15:23 It just felt like it was like a wormhole in reality where I could live in the biggest, most
    1:15:24 incredible city in the world.
    1:15:30 And I could pay so little and I could focus uncompromisingly again, uncompromisingly on
    1:15:30 creative work.
    1:15:32 And it was like, I was doing programming experiments.
    1:15:37 I was working on those books that paid decently well, but not, I was literally making $15,000
    1:15:39 a year, 23, 24, 25.
    1:15:44 And I would kind of supplement that by like doing some CSS for ASICs or something.
    1:15:48 But the point was always to be able to do the book work, to be able to do the experiments
    1:15:51 on the web digitally to do that stuff.
    1:15:57 And so, you know, all of my twenties, I’d cultivated that asceticism and I knew that I’d
    1:16:00 done plenty of things that didn’t explode like those articles did.
    1:16:03 And so I was like, oh, I’ll just keep, you know, I was just going to keep doing it.
    1:16:04 I don’t know.
    1:16:07 I was just going to keep doing those things because there was so much inherent value to
    1:16:08 me doing them.
    1:16:12 I felt so, I felt so drawn to it and the process of learning to do them better, watching Oliver,
    1:16:16 then learning from other people, meeting folks like Rob Guillampietro, who’s an incredible
    1:16:20 designer and design thinker, Frank Camaro, who’s an incredible designer and design thinker,
    1:16:24 Liz Danzico, who I mentioned earlier, who’s an incredible designer and just amazing human,
    1:16:27 meeting these people and watching them work and getting close to them.
    1:16:32 And then just realizing how much value there was in feeling that and just being happy with
    1:16:33 the ride.
    1:16:37 The fact that these articles did well and took off, it was bonus.
    1:16:38 It was deserved.
    1:16:41 So we’re going to bounce around chronologically for a second.
    1:16:50 What are your main creative focuses now, or just in the last handful of years?
    1:16:52 Making books.
    1:16:52 That’s it.
    1:16:53 Writing books.
    1:16:53 Okay.
    1:16:54 Why?
    1:16:55 Why?
    1:16:56 Because a lot of people listening, right?
    1:16:57 They’ll say, wait, books?
    1:16:58 I thought books are kind of dead.
    1:17:00 Like you just talked about the iPad.
    1:17:02 What kind of books are we talking about?
    1:17:03 So why books?
    1:17:08 So look, books have always been the focus since I was eight, nine years old.
    1:17:11 It’s like, I’ve just always been drawn to them as objects.
    1:17:12 It’s always been there.
    1:17:19 Everything else has been a kind of side quest in support of the books, in support of building
    1:17:25 up self-worth, in support of building up a financial foundation, in support of becoming
    1:17:25 independent, all of that.
    1:17:30 And I mean, there’s a reason why I left college and I didn’t go back to Silicon Valley.
    1:17:31 I didn’t go to Silicon Valley.
    1:17:34 And I immediately helped start this independent publisher.
    1:17:39 I felt so drawn to the power of these objects and the immutability of them.
    1:17:44 And even in the face of like the rise of the internet, that still, to me, felt like there
    1:17:46 was so much value there and that value wasn’t going to disappear.
    1:17:47 Got it.
    1:17:51 And just for clarity, because you’re implying it, but these are physical books.
    1:17:55 These are physical, beautiful artifacts that people can interact with.
    1:17:59 And the whole thesis of that iPad piece too was like, look, don’t make throwaway books,
    1:18:03 make incredible physical books, make beautiful physical books that lean into all of the qualities
    1:18:05 that make physical things amazing.
    1:18:09 You know, the books that I’m producing, the books that I make, you know, it’s like cloth
    1:18:10 bound.
    1:18:15 How do you do cloth bound with silk screen, you know, with beautiful papers that open, you
    1:18:19 know, full bleed, just every page, every spread is a lay flat spread.
    1:18:23 You know, it’s like, how do you lean into this stuff, these qualities that can’t be replicated
    1:18:23 elsewhere.
    1:18:29 And, you know, I’ve just been lucky in the sense that they’re still valuable and people
    1:18:30 are still really into books.
    1:18:32 Like we didn’t, we didn’t entirely throw them away.
    1:18:38 And the digital stuff kind of ended up being a red herring and it never really went where
    1:18:42 we thought it would go in part because of monopolies, in part because of Amazon over controlling
    1:18:45 the market, in part because there just isn’t that much money to be made in digital books.
    1:18:48 And so the investment side of things really isn’t there.
    1:18:54 Like you almost need like a Rockefeller who’d just be obsessed with digital books and they
    1:18:56 would fund it, you know, to great personal loss.
    1:19:00 You know, it’s like they always say, how do you make a good fortune, start with a great
    1:19:01 fortune and found a publishing company?
    1:19:02 Yeah.
    1:19:03 Or a restaurant.
    1:19:04 Yeah.
    1:19:04 It’s the same.
    1:19:06 These are profitable things.
    1:19:08 So all the money in tech kind of goes to other places.
    1:19:11 So anyway, the digital book thing kind of puttered out.
    1:19:16 You must have liked, just as a quick side note, you must have, I imagine, enjoyed the
    1:19:23 Brandon Sanderson segment when he talked about the leather bound books and the beautiful collector’s
    1:19:26 edition because who in publishing would have spotted it?
    1:19:31 I should say, in fairness, the larger publishers, say, in New York, they wouldn’t have.
    1:19:32 They’re not incentivized.
    1:19:33 They haven’t done it.
    1:19:36 And then he creates these collector’s editions with tons of artwork.
    1:19:41 I have one on my shelf right back there, sells them for 200 bucks a pop.
    1:19:44 And lo and behold, boom, like immediately sold out.
    1:19:44 Right.
    1:19:45 Yep.
    1:19:48 Not only sold out, but sold a lot of them.
    1:19:49 Yeah.
    1:19:49 A lot.
    1:19:50 A lot.
    1:19:51 Tens of thousands.
    1:19:51 Yeah.
    1:19:52 Just bananas.
    1:19:54 No, I mean, that story is, is interesting.
    1:19:59 You know, and so all of my adult life, certainly books have been a huge part of it and I’ve been
    1:19:59 making them.
    1:20:04 I’ve been working with printers, obsessing about paper and inks and, you know, design margins and
    1:20:08 all this stuff, reading Robert Bringhurst’s elements of typographic style over and over
    1:20:08 and over and over.
    1:20:10 It’s so dog-eared, my copy of it.
    1:20:12 And so, you know, this is not like a new thing.
    1:20:13 It wasn’t like a couple of years ago.
    1:20:13 I was like, oh, books.
    1:20:14 Hmm.
    1:20:14 Yes.
    1:20:15 Let me do that.
    1:20:16 It’s just always been there.
    1:20:17 Always been there.
    1:20:29 It was really in about 2013, 2014 when I started doing the big walks and the big walks gave me
    1:20:32 purpose to being in Japan because I was kind of flailing.
    1:20:33 I was like, why am I here?
    1:20:34 What am I doing?
    1:20:41 And then the big walks were so, for me, transformative, exciting, fun that I thought, okay, I need to
    1:20:47 start giving these things form in much the same way doing Annapurna, coming back, writing that
    1:20:49 article, giving that shape digitally.
    1:20:52 But those containers, they’re still up on my website.
    1:20:56 You know, those articles are still up there from 15, you know, 16, 17 years ago.
    1:20:59 And, you know, the design, the container was always really important.
    1:21:04 And I was like, okay, these walks are becoming more and more profound for me personally.
    1:21:06 How can I give them shape?
    1:21:08 So let’s, we’re going to double click on the walks.
    1:21:11 I hate to interrupt, but I’m going to do it because I don’t want to gloss over something
    1:21:17 you said, which is, I guess around, if I’m remembering what you said 15 seconds ago,
    1:21:22 2013 or so, you were flailing a bit in Japan, wondering why you were there.
    1:21:29 Was that always somewhere in the back of your mind or your thinking, why am I here in Japan?
    1:21:32 And if not, how did that surface?
    1:21:35 Like, why did that become an element?
    1:21:39 As an adoptive person, I think my entire life is defined by that flailing.
    1:21:45 You just don’t feel like you belong anywhere.
    1:21:46 Got it.
    1:21:50 So it could have just as easily been in fill in the blank city in the U.S.
    1:21:52 It was just, ah, what am I doing here?
    1:21:57 It could have been anywhere, but obviously like Asia, living in a country where you are obviously
    1:22:05 the minority and where you can never become accepted as a true citizen, where you’re forever
    1:22:09 going to be an immigrant, you’re never, ever going to be integrated is a weird choice.
    1:22:13 And I mean, it comes from, again, it just comes from all this scarcity, trauma, self-worth,
    1:22:13 like all this stuff.
    1:22:19 Like for me, I think being adopted, the narrative I concocted in my head was that I was thrown
    1:22:19 away.
    1:22:22 I had very few facts about who my birth mother was.
    1:22:23 I knew she was 13.
    1:22:26 I just assumed it had been terrible circumstances.
    1:22:28 So I was born from a certain kind of violence.
    1:22:34 In the adoption paper that we had, it said the father, there had been a car accident and then
    1:22:37 he got in a fight at it and was murdered at the scene of the car accident.
    1:22:40 So I was like, okay, there’s just violence everywhere.
    1:22:42 So I’m kind of thrown away.
    1:22:49 So my Genesis story that I concocted was one of just pain and kind of like, you don’t belong
    1:22:49 here.
    1:22:55 And so I think part of what was great about Japan was that as soon as I landed, I felt a
    1:22:55 few things.
    1:22:58 One was society was taking care of people.
    1:23:03 I was walking past so many people every day in the street who were so much better taken
    1:23:05 care of than where I came from.
    1:23:05 I immediately felt that.
    1:23:07 And I was like, okay, this is interesting.
    1:23:11 And across like all socioeconomic kind of strata, it wasn’t like, oh, everyone here is super
    1:23:12 rich.
    1:23:15 It was like, no, I like get these people, but everyone is kind of being taken care of in a
    1:23:16 way that like I felt subconsciously.
    1:23:21 And because I will never be able to integrate fully, they can never throw me away.
    1:23:24 And I think as an adoptive person that.
    1:23:26 Yeah, there’s a safety in it.
    1:23:30 There’s a huge safety of being in a place that can never throw you away because you’re
    1:23:31 never going to be part of the thing.
    1:23:36 I mean, it’s a really sad way of framing it, but that is a hundred percent.
    1:23:38 I think what for me made me feel comfortable here.
    1:23:41 I think that will actually resonate with a lot of people because there are plenty of people
    1:23:48 who have their hearts broken or they feel like they’ve been hurt in some particular way.
    1:23:52 So they push falling in love away, right?
    1:23:55 It’s like, if you never fall in love, it’s hard to have your heart broken.
    1:23:57 So therefore, right.
    1:23:58 It’s all connected.
    1:23:58 It’s all connected.
    1:23:59 Yeah.
    1:23:59 It’s all the same thing.
    1:24:04 And so the entire time I’ve been here, the plan wasn’t like, oh, I’m going to stay here
    1:24:04 forever.
    1:24:06 It was always, oh, there’s an interesting opportunity.
    1:24:07 I’m doing this publishing thing.
    1:24:08 It’s kind of going well.
    1:24:09 I’m having fun.
    1:24:10 Cost of living is so low.
    1:24:12 I can be uncompromising about what I’m doing.
    1:24:14 I was very lucky.
    1:24:16 I was going to New York quite a bit because of the publishing stuff.
    1:24:18 And so I didn’t feel trapped here.
    1:24:23 I think a lot of expats or a lot of immigrants to Japan in particular developed this kind
    1:24:27 of anger or frustration connected with it, you know, because you can never be fully integrated.
    1:24:29 You can never be part of this place.
    1:24:35 And yet a lot of people are just here as English teachers or headhunters and their, I think,
    1:24:39 options for personal growth are severely limited, but then they get to a certain age where
    1:24:44 they can no longer go back home and they can no longer kind of reintegrate back from where
    1:24:46 they came from or they don’t have the skill set or they’re too old to go back.
    1:24:48 And they develop this kind of anger and this frustration.
    1:24:54 I was very lucky in that I was always engaging on kind of an international level with people.
    1:24:57 And I was able to go to like these publishing conferences because of the publishing company
    1:24:58 that I was part of.
    1:25:00 And I was able to kind of do, you know, art directors club stuff.
    1:25:03 And I was able to give little talks at universities about the books I was designing.
    1:25:08 I always felt like I had a tether to the greater world and I was able to use Japan as this incredible
    1:25:13 tool to uncompromisingly work on the work I wanted to do and to build up this asceticism,
    1:25:14 the sense of asceticism.
    1:25:18 But, you know, I went to Silicon Valley because at the end of my twenties, as I developed the sense
    1:25:21 of self-worth, I ran out of people that I wanted to collaborate with here.
    1:25:24 And I just wanted to work on a bigger scale with people that were thinking bigger.
    1:25:30 And Japan and Tokyo for all of its megalopolis-ness is a very provincial place.
    1:25:32 It does not think internationally.
    1:25:38 And if you want to kind of work on projects that are bigger and be around archetypes of people
    1:25:39 that are just thinking bigger, you kind of have to leave.
    1:25:43 So that was why I went to Silicon Valley and it was dovetailing with all those articles.
    1:25:47 And I developed this kind of a little bit of online celebrity and mystique.
    1:25:52 And that allowed me to join Flipboard as employee number like eight or nine, super early.
    1:25:56 And just learn, you know, Mike McHugh is this incredible guy.
    1:25:58 What was Flipboard for people who don’t know?
    1:25:59 Yeah, I know.
    1:26:00 It’s so long ago now.
    1:26:07 The iPad came out, Flipboard came out six months later, and it was the most beautifully designed
    1:26:09 social media magazine.
    1:26:12 It was a very big deal at the time.
    1:26:16 It was very, very buzz heavy, right?
    1:26:18 I mean, this is something people were talking about.
    1:26:23 It was the first app that needed a waiting list because the servers couldn’t handle people.
    1:26:25 It was the first waiting list app.
    1:26:28 It was like you’d give it your Twitter feed and it would create a magazine out of all the
    1:26:29 articles.
    1:26:30 And it was just pages flipped.
    1:26:31 Marcos Westkamp designed.
    1:26:32 It was just gorgeous.
    1:26:33 It was beautiful.
    1:26:38 It epitomized like there was the Berg group in London doing like future studies about what
    1:26:39 books could be.
    1:26:44 There was a push pop press people, Mike Mattis, doing experiments around digital design on the
    1:26:45 iPad.
    1:26:46 All these beautiful design experiments.
    1:26:51 And Flipboard was kind of part of that milieu of folks that were experimenting, right?
    1:26:52 And it was like, great.
    1:26:56 Yeah, this is like totally my wheelhouse of like digital publishing, book design, beautiful
    1:26:56 design.
    1:27:02 And I get to hang out with people who are the top, top, top of their class.
    1:27:06 Just incredible pulsing humans, like generous and brilliant.
    1:27:08 I mean, I moved out there.
    1:27:13 I moved out to a house two blocks from Steve Jobs, old Palo Alto.
    1:27:16 I had two roommates, these two guys, Stanford D school grads.
    1:27:17 We just graduated.
    1:27:18 They were 24.
    1:27:20 I was 30.
    1:27:22 I just turned 30 when I moved out there.
    1:27:23 D school is the design school.
    1:27:25 Design school at Stanford.
    1:27:29 These guys were such incredible people.
    1:27:35 I moved out there and I had gone from, I hadn’t realized what a dearth of hugs I had had in my
    1:27:36 life.
    1:27:38 Sorry, you mean in Japan?
    1:27:41 I had had no hugs.
    1:27:42 Hug withdrawal.
    1:27:42 Yeah.
    1:27:48 I got to this house in Palo Alto and it was just, these two guys, we had no furniture.
    1:27:51 Our refrigerator just had like hummus and kombucha in it.
    1:27:53 No one knew how to cook anything.
    1:27:56 And I was sleeping on a yoga mat for the first like two months.
    1:27:58 And then it’s a Tommy mat in this little background.
    1:27:59 Yoga mat.
    1:28:01 What a youthful back you have.
    1:28:02 So resilient.
    1:28:04 Just pure asceticism the whole way.
    1:28:09 And that house, living in that house with Enrique Allen and Ben Henretig, these two guys,
    1:28:10 and feeling their love.
    1:28:14 And these are two people who came from incredible families, full of love and brilliance.
    1:28:16 That was life-changing to me.
    1:28:19 I met up with Liz Danzig a couple months after I moved in there.
    1:28:22 We went to have pizza in New Haven at Sally’s, I think, a pizza.
    1:28:30 And Liz, after dinner, she took my shoulders and she just says, Craig, you are a different
    1:28:30 human.
    1:28:33 Because we had known each other since I was about 26.
    1:28:34 And I was 30.
    1:28:36 And I moved into this house.
    1:28:39 And it was like a sponge.
    1:28:44 I was so ready to accept this love of people and to work with these incredible people.
    1:28:47 And just, again, believe in that.
    1:28:48 Self-worth ratcheting up.
    1:28:54 But the entire time I was at Flipboard, every weekend, I was getting paid $30,000 a month.
    1:28:56 $25,000.
    1:28:56 Nice.
    1:28:57 Two years of Japan.
    1:29:03 No, I mean, again, the rent in Palo Alto was $1,000 a month for me, for my share of the house.
    1:29:04 I didn’t have a car.
    1:29:05 I just walked to the office.
    1:29:06 I was spending no money.
    1:29:08 I was like, this is great.
    1:29:10 I’m just going to bank all of this.
    1:29:12 This is like pure future freedom.
    1:29:13 That’s all I saw it as.
    1:29:18 I was like, and I told Mike McHugh, the CEO, I was like, Mike, look, I’m not out here to
    1:29:19 work at this company forever.
    1:29:24 I’m so hungry to do X, Y, and Z, all these things I want to work on, all these things I
    1:29:24 want to do.
    1:29:29 And being out there and being close to everyone, every weekend, I would book a hotel in San Francisco
    1:29:32 and I’d go up there and I’d lock myself in the hotel room from Friday night.
    1:29:34 I’d do a late checkout on Sunday.
    1:29:39 Every weekend, I would go up there and I would just write new essays about digital books and
    1:29:40 publishing.
    1:29:41 I couldn’t compromise.
    1:29:47 That part of me felt so, that writing part of me, the literary part of me, I could not
    1:29:47 compromise.
    1:29:52 That paycheck, one of the three most addictive substances, carbohydrates, heroin, and paychecks,
    1:29:53 right?
    1:29:54 That’s what they say, right?
    1:29:58 It’s like, and you feel it getting $30,000 a month.
    1:30:02 You feel that changing the programming, changing your chemistry.
    1:30:06 And I had spent all of my 20s building up this asceticism and building up this ability
    1:30:07 to be uncompromising.
    1:30:09 And I didn’t want that to be broken.
    1:30:12 And so I forced myself to just keep writing militantly.
    1:30:16 And by the end of, I spent 15 months at Flipboard.
    1:30:20 And towards the end of it, Liz was like, hey, you should apply for a writing fellowship.
    1:30:23 All the writing was connecting me to amazing people.
    1:30:26 I connected to Kevin Kelly because I was writing these essays.
    1:30:27 And I was giving a talk in New York City.
    1:30:30 Kevin Kelly is going to be a callback for later.
    1:30:31 He’s going to be a callback.
    1:30:35 And I was on stage giving a talk with the New York Times people about the New York Times
    1:30:35 app.
    1:30:36 And I was talking about digital publishing.
    1:30:39 And I got this email when I got off stage.
    1:30:41 And it was from this guy, Kevin Kelly, I’d never heard of.
    1:30:42 And I was like, who’s this guy, Kevin?
    1:30:45 Again, I just didn’t have, no one was teaching me about these things.
    1:30:46 I did not have a background.
    1:30:52 I didn’t, Silicon Valley, as much as like I admired it and wanted to be out there, I
    1:30:53 didn’t know the history of it.
    1:30:55 I showed it to someone.
    1:30:55 I was like, do you know this guy?
    1:30:57 And the person was like, you don’t know Kevin Kelly?
    1:30:59 He’s like, yeah, you should be with Kevin Kelly.
    1:31:00 And I met up with Kevin.
    1:31:03 And he was like, I like the way you think about publishing.
    1:31:04 Tell me about some tools.
    1:31:06 And I was like, who is this guy?
    1:31:08 It’s a good Kevin impersonation.
    1:31:13 Do you want to give just like two lines on Kevin, just for people who have not heard my
    1:31:14 multiple interviews with him?
    1:31:15 Yeah.
    1:31:18 I mean, he’s like the sage of the Valley, right?
    1:31:19 He’s just.
    1:31:22 Yeah, he’s got a big white Amish beard, built his own house.
    1:31:23 Amish beard, tiny guy.
    1:31:25 Tiny guy.
    1:31:26 Co-founder of Wired.
    1:31:27 Exactly.
    1:31:29 It goes on and on and on.
    1:31:35 He, along with Stuart Brand, are sort of like the Forrest Gumps of Silicon Valley, who’ve just
    1:31:36 been there for everything.
    1:31:37 Yeah.
    1:31:39 And so I’m following my nose.
    1:31:41 I’m like out here, I’m in the mix.
    1:31:42 I’m with these incredible people.
    1:31:45 I’m holding my own for the most part, but I keep writing.
    1:31:49 And the thing I notice is like the more I do the writing, the more it opens doors, the
    1:31:53 more it connects me to even more people who are the kinds of archetypes I want to be in
    1:31:53 my life.
    1:31:56 And like meeting Kevin was just a clear example of that.
    1:31:58 And I met Kevin probably eight months after I joined.
    1:32:04 And he’s like, come up to my house, let’s do a walk in Pacifica and just talk.
    1:32:05 And I was just like, oh my God, I went up there.
    1:32:06 I did that walk with him.
    1:32:09 And I was like, this is what writing does.
    1:32:15 Everything that’s happening in my life that is blowing my mind, that’s connecting to me
    1:32:18 to people who I wish I had known when I was a teenager, who I wish I had in my life when
    1:32:19 I was a kid.
    1:32:21 It’s all happening because of writing.
    1:32:24 And so I applied for this writing fellowship at McDowell.
    1:32:26 I was like, where should I apply, Liz?
    1:32:27 And she’s like, McDowell.
    1:32:28 And I was like, okay, great.
    1:32:29 I’ve never heard of McDowell.
    1:32:31 This is the oldest writing residency in America.
    1:32:35 One of the oldest in the world of like these kind of formal writing residency places.
    1:32:37 It’s the hardest to get into.
    1:32:38 I didn’t know any of this when I applied.
    1:32:40 I apply on a whim.
    1:32:44 I get in, which I’m still not sure how I got in.
    1:32:46 It was pure luck that I got in.
    1:32:50 And I use that as my baby, baby continue though.
    1:32:52 It feels like luck.
    1:32:56 And I use that as my way of being able to get out of the company.
    1:32:58 I didn’t know that was the way out.
    1:32:59 Okay, here we go.
    1:33:03 Because, you know, these things become like family and you feel terrible leaving them.
    1:33:04 And it upset a lot of people.
    1:33:05 I was one of the first people to leave.
    1:33:07 And I was like, Liz, it’s not you.
    1:33:08 It’s me.
    1:33:09 I need to do these other things.
    1:33:12 Wait, Liz was upset after recommending it to you?
    1:33:13 No, no, no.
    1:33:13 Liz wasn’t.
    1:33:14 Everyone at the company was.
    1:33:16 Liz wasn’t at the company.
    1:33:17 I was like, wait a second, Liz.
    1:33:18 That seems unfair.
    1:33:18 No, no, no, no.
    1:33:19 Okay, got it.
    1:33:20 Liz was in New York.
    1:33:23 Liz was founding the interaction design program at the School for Visual Arts.
    1:33:23 I see.
    1:33:26 Okay, I was trying to put it together because you said New Haven Pizza.
    1:33:30 I was like, is New Haven a neighborhood outside of where I think it is?
    1:33:30 Okay, got it.
    1:33:31 No, no.
    1:33:33 But the Flipboard people were super upset.
    1:33:37 And so that’s one of the difficult things is these aren’t easy conversations to have,
    1:33:37 to leave these things.
    1:33:41 I remember being like, okay, this is a great excuse.
    1:33:43 This is the most prestigious writing residency in America.
    1:33:48 And I need to go do this and I’m going to use it as a break, but it’s like a forever break.
    1:33:50 And I did that and I went out there.
    1:33:52 And again, connecting me to these archetypes, I’m out there.
    1:33:56 I get to this place and I’m just surrounded by Booker Award winners.
    1:33:58 Where is the writing residency?
    1:33:59 New Hampshire.
    1:34:00 New Hampshire.
    1:34:00 Okay.
    1:34:01 Up in New Hampshire.
    1:34:03 And you basically get a cabin.
    1:34:07 You’re out there from anywhere from a month to two months.
    1:34:10 They cook all of your meals.
    1:34:13 They deliver you lunch in a picnic basket to your cabin.
    1:34:18 A lot of the cabins have grand pianos and fireplaces.
    1:34:20 And it’s just this ideal.
    1:34:28 And you’re surrounded by the best composers and poets, artists, novelists, nonfiction writers.
    1:34:33 And I went out there and I met a few people, one of whom was this woman, Lynn Tillman.
    1:34:41 And from day one, it was just being so hungry and so ready and so accepting of being able to be around these people.
    1:34:43 I was just soaking it in.
    1:34:47 And one of the first books Lynn recommended to me was Dennis Johnson, Train Dreams.
    1:34:49 I’ve since gone on to read that book.
    1:34:50 It’s a novella.
    1:34:53 I’ve read that book probably 15, 20 times.
    1:34:54 I’ve mapped it out.
    1:34:57 There’s very few books I’ve actually sketched out.
    1:34:58 Why so impactful?
    1:34:59 Why so interesting?
    1:35:08 The language, the poetry of it, the story, the conciseness of it, the economy of the language.
    1:35:10 I mean, Dennis Johnson’s first and foremost a poet.
    1:35:11 He does novels as well.
    1:35:13 There’s a lot of people that fall into this category that I love.
    1:35:15 Like Dennis Johnson’s a big one.
    1:35:17 Ocean Vong is a more contemporary one.
    1:35:18 Ocean Vong.
    1:35:18 Oh, yeah.
    1:35:23 Mega poet who then catapulted into novel, autofiction land.
    1:35:27 Michael Andange, he’s first and foremost a poet.
    1:35:30 You read things like Coming Through Slaughter, and this is like a book of poetry.
    1:35:33 in a form of novel slash historical fiction.
    1:35:35 I mean, it’s just incredible.
    1:35:37 These are the things that spoke to me.
    1:35:43 I have to just selfishly hijack for a second here to recommend a book that I always hesitate
    1:35:48 to recommend because it fails for 9 out of 10 people, maybe 99 out of 100 people.
    1:35:56 And I failed reading it three times before I finally crossed the Rubicon, which is this scene
    1:35:57 in the book where there’s a talking fish.
    1:35:58 That’s all I’ll say.
    1:35:59 You got to get to the talking fish.
    1:36:02 But John Crowley, also a poet.
    1:36:05 Little Big is the name of the book.
    1:36:07 It checks the boxes that you’re talking about.
    1:36:10 So just a recommendation.
    1:36:11 Little Big by John Crowley.
    1:36:14 He takes a lot of time.
    1:36:18 There’s a lot of foreplay before you get the momentum needed, but I will recommend that one
    1:36:19 as well.
    1:36:21 So you’re there, train dreams.
    1:36:22 You’re getting your picnic baskets.
    1:36:29 I want to bookmark that to just ask the hotel rooms, booking the hotel rooms in San Francisco
    1:36:32 from, what was it, Friday to Sunday.
    1:36:34 Was that something you came up with on your own?
    1:36:36 Was that a recommendation from someone else?
    1:36:40 I’m very curious because I’ve done this before only a few times.
    1:36:44 I was inspired by Maya Angelou, who used to do this all the time for writing.
    1:36:49 Even though she had space at her house to write, she would go to a hotel and she would do this.
    1:36:52 How did that come about and why did you need to do that?
    1:36:57 I suppose maybe better than a yoga mat in a crowded apartment, but what’s the backstory?
    1:36:59 It’s a classic trope, right?
    1:37:03 I mean, the writer locked in the hotel room by the editor until he finishes the manuscript.
    1:37:04 It’s just the classic trope.
    1:37:08 And I was living in Palo Alto and I was like, I want to explore the city a little more.
    1:37:14 So I’d kind of write all day and then I’d go walk around at night, which maybe in San Francisco
    1:37:16 isn’t the smartest thing to do, but that was my strategy.
    1:37:18 It just, again, felt intuitive.
    1:37:21 Like, okay, it removes me from the scene.
    1:37:23 All my friends in California were in the bay.
    1:37:26 And so I could go to San Francisco.
    1:37:26 I didn’t know anyone.
    1:37:29 I could just be up there and there was a mystery to it.
    1:37:32 And I’d be in kind of like, I’d stay at like the Four Seasons, you know, and it would just
    1:37:35 kind of, there’d be this like, you know, cause I was making all this insane money.
    1:37:38 I was like, okay, I can spend three, $400 on a hotel room.
    1:37:38 Sure.
    1:37:39 Let’s go.
    1:37:40 This will be my treat.
    1:37:45 And I’d be in these kind of opulent, bizarre, kind of like very non-ascetic spaces, but the
    1:37:47 city would be out there and I’d just be working.
    1:37:52 And then I’d go walk in, you know, downtown kind of walking North beach at night.
    1:37:52 Jesus.
    1:37:53 Going into.
    1:37:53 I am legend.
    1:37:56 Going into weird.
    1:38:00 Little bars, you know, I still, I would still have like a whiskey every now and then.
    1:38:03 And it would just kind of like to be able to go out and be in the mix and be mysterious
    1:38:04 and kind of be on.
    1:38:05 Yeah.
    1:38:05 I don’t know.
    1:38:06 It all fed into being able to do the work.
    1:38:07 Wow.
    1:38:07 Dig it.
    1:38:08 Okay.
    1:38:10 So then flash forward.
    1:38:11 Yeah.
    1:38:15 One hell of a memento like montage that I’m painting here.
    1:38:20 Now fireplace, New Hampshire picnic baskets.
    1:38:22 What does that do for you?
    1:38:26 Like what does that fellow, and by the way, they’re going to hate me for this, but every
    1:38:29 time you say McDowell, I think of McDowell’s from coming to America.
    1:38:30 Sure.
    1:38:30 Sure.
    1:38:31 Oh yeah.
    1:38:32 The golden arches.
    1:38:33 We’ve got the golden them.
    1:38:36 But what does that do for you being a part of that?
    1:38:40 I mean, the biggest part was being around people who were doing quote unquote serious
    1:38:45 art and feeling like you had been selected to hang with them.
    1:38:48 And so the structure of it’s really great because basically you don’t talk to anyone
    1:38:52 from the moment you wake up until dinner and then dinner, you have to have, you’re forced
    1:38:55 to kind of eat with everyone, which is great because it’s like at the end of the day, you
    1:39:00 know, there’s kind of like a tether to reality out there outside of your book or your composition
    1:39:01 or whatever.
    1:39:04 We would have dinner and then we’d have very fierce ping pong competitions.
    1:39:08 But, you know, I, which would get sometimes almost like violent.
    1:39:12 Like there definitely were some friendships that were like broken up because of creative
    1:39:13 angst.
    1:39:19 It’s like nowhere to go, but ping pong, there’s very little like sexual activity as far as I
    1:39:22 could ascertain, but like there was a lot of ping pong, like sort of repression, like coming
    1:39:24 up with any of these things.
    1:39:30 It’s like being in a room with people doing great work, committing to great work and hearing
    1:39:33 them talk about it, hearing, talk about what they’d worked on that day, what they were struggling
    1:39:35 through again, it just set these archetypes.
    1:39:40 I mean, it just, that deficit I felt when I left and I got to school was just a deficit
    1:39:43 of archetypes, a deficit of templates of how to live and how to be in the world.
    1:39:50 And like each of these things, you know, from when I was age, basically 29, 30, 31, connecting
    1:39:54 with Kevin Kelly, being asked to give these talks, you know, going in the art director’s
    1:39:59 club is this weird little coda when I was 24, going to McDowell, hanging out with these
    1:40:03 people who are winning these incredible awards and working on great, really, truly great
    1:40:03 work.
    1:40:05 They were giving readings, you know, at night.
    1:40:08 And I was just like, oh my God, I can’t believe I’m here with these people, like reading
    1:40:09 this level of work.
    1:40:14 And it just feeds into that sense of, oh, maybe there’s value here and maybe I have something
    1:40:14 to bring to the table.
    1:40:16 That was the biggest takeaway.
    1:40:20 So I’ve got a couple of thoughts I’ll throw out for you, Craig.
    1:40:24 Number one is I suggest we just do two recordings.
    1:40:26 We’re not going to cram everything into this conversation.
    1:40:27 There’s no fucking way.
    1:40:27 Okay.
    1:40:29 And I don’t think we should try.
    1:40:32 I think we should just do two episodes so we can put them out very close together, maybe
    1:40:33 back to back.
    1:40:35 That’s my suggestion.
    1:40:38 Because we have so much to talk about and there’s no reason to rush it.
    1:40:39 There’s just zero reason.
    1:40:40 If you’re open to it.
    1:40:41 Sure.
    1:40:41 Yeah.
    1:40:42 That would be the first recommendation.
    1:40:50 And I think we get to, I mean, the huge walks are such a huge chapter and such an important
    1:40:50 chapter.
    1:40:53 And I think people will benefit from that so much.
    1:40:54 I think we get there.
    1:41:00 We will talk about the new book before we wrap, but we’re already at one hour, 45 minutes.
    1:41:03 So if you’re cool with it, I’d just say we do two.
    1:41:04 And maybe we record tomorrow.
    1:41:06 Maybe we record the day after and just…
    1:41:07 Perfect.
    1:41:08 Let’s do that.
    1:41:09 I think that’s what we do.
    1:41:09 Love it.
    1:41:10 Love it.
    1:41:12 And because people are going to want more.
    1:41:17 And trust me, folks, if you’re listening, you want the round two and you want to continue
    1:41:17 listening.
    1:41:22 But I want to ask you for the…
    1:41:24 I don’t know what label to apply here.
    1:41:27 For the creatives or aspiring creatives listening.
    1:41:35 And on some level, maybe I will put aside, and this is not to denigrate anyone who self-identifies
    1:41:41 this way, but content creators, because I think that can turn into like a shrimp farming exercise
    1:41:42 is where volume is the game.
    1:41:46 And I want to maybe just put that aside for a moment.
    1:41:53 But for people who are drawn to some art form, some medium, could be photography, could be
    1:41:55 writing, could be fill in the blank.
    1:41:57 You didn’t have an archetype.
    1:41:59 Let’s say you’re teaching a class.
    1:42:00 Now you’re the archetype.
    1:42:01 You’re up in front.
    1:42:02 You’re the sharka.
    1:42:06 Maybe you’re not as brutal, but you’re up there.
    1:42:15 What are the types of things that you would teach or focus on or assign as exercises or
    1:42:17 readings or anything else?
    1:42:20 What might be some of the ingredients in that class?
    1:42:25 All of the work that I’m most proud of and the work I’d say that is the first real work
    1:42:31 of mine that I feel like is truly me finding my groove, hitting my stride, has all happened
    1:42:33 in the last six years.
    1:42:36 And it’s all connected with walking.
    1:42:40 So if I was running a class, we’d be doing a lot of walks.
    1:42:48 Walking, I’d say all of this, meeting these archetypes, going to McDowell, working in Silicon
    1:42:53 Valley, getting all these hugs from Enrique and Ben, all of this was leading up to allow
    1:42:55 me to lean into the walking in the way that I did.
    1:43:02 And it was in the walk that I kind of found how to truly commit to the work.
    1:43:05 I know this sounds very woo-woo and weird.
    1:43:08 No, it’s not because I actually know more of the story.
    1:43:11 So yeah, people will get it when they get it.
    1:43:11 Yeah.
    1:43:11 Yeah.
    1:43:12 All right.
    1:43:13 Lots of walking.
    1:43:15 Lots of walking.
    1:43:19 I mean, honestly, a big part of, I think for most young people today is just getting offline,
    1:43:25 like just block the internet using like freedom, apps like freedom, turn your smartphone off.
    1:43:27 Don’t sleep with your smartphone in your bedroom.
    1:43:29 I mean, these are very easy things, but like most people don’t do them.
    1:43:31 I haven’t slept with a smartphone in my room.
    1:43:34 I haven’t slept with a phone in my room ever in my life.
    1:43:36 I’ve never had the phone in my room.
    1:43:38 Sometimes, you know, I lived in such small apartments.
    1:43:43 I just put it in like the kitchen, like on the stove, because that was the only other unit
    1:43:45 of my house that was not my bedroom.
    1:43:50 And it blows my mind that so many people have the smartphone in the room, just having it on
    1:43:50 the table.
    1:43:55 So like when I am in serious writing mode, when I need my deadline, I need to get stuff done.
    1:44:01 I have the phone in such a place that I will not look at it or touch it or engage with it
    1:44:02 until at least after lunch.
    1:44:04 That is the soonest I’ll touch it.
    1:44:09 And I feel palpably the chemicals in my mind shift as soon as I look at it, as soon as I
    1:44:12 touch it, as soon as I acknowledge it as an option.
    1:44:17 And I feel that those chemicals that get activated, the dopamine, whatever casino, those chemicals
    1:44:24 are 100%, 100% destructive of the creative impulse that allows people like Dennis Johnson to
    1:44:29 produce Train Dreams or to do that kind of deep poetic work, they’re at odds.
    1:44:32 And I think the thing you’re talking about like content creators, there’s a certain kind of
    1:44:34 ephemerality there.
    1:44:38 And like the work that I’m trying to do, and I think the work that speaks to me is not ephemeral.
    1:44:39 It’s immutable.
    1:44:41 It’s sort of out there.
    1:44:42 It’s the thing you keep coming back to.
    1:44:44 There’s nothing I like more than rereading books.
    1:44:49 I mean, it’s sort of like bad, I reread so many books, and I just keep coming back to
    1:44:50 them over and over and over again.
    1:44:55 And that to me is kind of the greatest gift of art, is to be able to rewatch things, to
    1:44:55 reread things.
    1:45:01 And when’s the last time you rewatched a YouTube short or something like that?
    1:45:02 You’re like, oh yeah, let’s go back, whatever.
    1:45:04 There’s like goofy things that you’ll rewatch.
    1:45:10 But this relationship over decades you can have with an object, with a story, I think is really
    1:45:10 powerful.
    1:45:12 And to me, that’s always been the thing.
    1:45:17 Besides Train Dreams, what books have you reread a lot?
    1:45:20 Annie Dillard’s Pilgrim at Tinker Creek.
    1:45:23 Pilgrim at Tinker Creek?
    1:45:25 Creek, yes.
    1:45:25 Okay.
    1:45:29 And it’s really frustrating because this is, I think, the first book she published.
    1:45:31 She was in her 20s when she wrote this.
    1:45:33 She went to live in this cabin.
    1:45:34 I think I see where this is going.
    1:45:39 She went to live in this cabin near Tinker Creek.
    1:45:47 And she just wrote the most beautiful, poetic, sort of diary, nonfiction, narrative, nonfiction
    1:45:49 description of what it was like being out there.
    1:45:54 You know, and it’s like, her book is, I don’t believe in mental blocks or like writer’s block
    1:45:55 or anything like that.
    1:45:58 If I wake up in the morning, make a nice cup of coffee.
    1:46:00 My phone is out of sight.
    1:46:01 I’m not thinking about any of that crap.
    1:46:02 I’m not looking at notifications.
    1:46:04 Make this nice cup of coffee.
    1:46:07 I’m smelling these beautiful Ethiopian beans.
    1:46:11 If I sit down, if I’m like, oh, I don’t really feel like writing or I don’t feel like the
    1:46:13 juices, I pick up Annie Dillard.
    1:46:15 I literally flip to any page.
    1:46:16 I read two paragraphs.
    1:46:20 I can’t stop myself from running over and starting writing.
    1:46:24 It activates something in my brain so strongly, so immediately.
    1:46:25 I love it.
    1:46:27 I mean, like, I’ve never met her.
    1:46:31 I would love to buy her a beautiful steak dinner, if that’s the sort of thing she’s,
    1:46:33 I don’t eat steak, but maybe she does.
    1:46:34 I feel like that’s the thing you’re supposed to buy people.
    1:46:36 I’d love to buy her an amazing dinner.
    1:46:42 I feel she is, her book, her writing, her voice, her way of looking at the world, her
    1:46:46 way of showing me what’s possible in terms of like creativity of prose, of looking at the
    1:46:49 most mundane thing and making it so beautiful and quirky and weird.
    1:46:54 The opening scene of a cat with blood on its paws, walking over the blanket and her waking
    1:46:57 up to find that, you know, it’s like little sort of flower petals.
    1:47:00 It’s like just all of it, finding that beauty.
    1:47:04 That is so infused how I try to engage with the world when I’m out on my big walks.
    1:47:05 I love it.
    1:47:11 And my, my thing now is I try to find first editions of these books and then I go through
    1:47:13 and I try to mark them up again.
    1:47:17 I love, there’s nothing I love greater than marking up a first edition because I think
    1:47:19 that’s the greatest honor you can give to a book.
    1:47:21 Like this idea of being precious with it.
    1:47:22 Like, what am I going to do?
    1:47:26 Like hold on to this stupid thing for 30 years and sell it and like give my stepdaughter like
    1:47:28 200 bucks that I got for this first edition.
    1:47:33 So she can buy like a bowl of ramen or something, which is like 200 bucks in 30 years.
    1:47:34 It’s like, no, like what?
    1:47:37 Like mark up the books, my books.
    1:47:41 Like if you buy my books, please write in them, dog ear them, like use them.
    1:47:45 That’s, that is the greatest part of like them as objects is like kind of putting your imprint
    1:47:49 on it and then coming back to it year after year, decade after decade, coming back to these
    1:47:50 things.
    1:47:52 So anyway, Annie Dillard, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek.
    1:47:53 So moving.
    1:47:56 Lynn Tillman, one of the people I met at McDowell, any of her stuff.
    1:48:01 She has a great book that just came out called Thrilled to Death, which if you’re going to start
    1:48:03 anywhere with Lynn, she’s so funny.
    1:48:06 She is so no bullshit.
    1:48:08 I love her so much.
    1:48:10 Like just as a human, I love her voice.
    1:48:12 You can look up how old she is on Wikipedia.
    1:48:13 She’s in her seventies.
    1:48:17 She’s been in the same East village apartment for like 40 years.
    1:48:21 She is this like institution of the New York literary community.
    1:48:24 And you just feel her pulsing with that New York voice.
    1:48:26 And it’s so funny and incredible.
    1:48:29 And this Thrilled to Death is a collection of her short stories over her entire career.
    1:48:30 And it’s amazing.
    1:48:31 It’s amazing.
    1:48:32 Stuff like that.
    1:48:36 Other contemporary writers, Sam Anderson, who writes for the New York Times Magazine.
    1:48:39 Sam Anderson is amazing.
    1:48:42 He also, his favorite book is Pilgrim at Tinker Creek.
    1:48:45 He has the most generous, hilarious voice.
    1:48:50 He just wrote this incredible narrative nonfiction piece for the magazine about the legend of Leatherman,
    1:48:52 who is this guy who roamed.
    1:48:59 He walked this circle in Connecticut in the 1800s and he wore a suit of leather and he became folklore
    1:49:05 of like all these towns and like people would like give him like bread and like give him coffee.
    1:49:11 And like, he got so sick, he couldn’t chew things and he would like dip everything in coffee and he’d eat cakes by dipping him in coffee.
    1:49:14 I’ve known Sam for like six or seven years.
    1:49:16 Again, we connected because of writing.
    1:49:23 Again, like literally everyone in my life that I love, that I want to hug, that I’ll die for, that I want to protect with all of my life force.
    1:49:26 It’s all connected to writing, all of it, every single thing.
    1:49:27 It’s like shocking.
    1:49:28 So it’s easy.
    1:49:30 You know, you asked early, why books?
    1:49:32 You know, like an hour ago, you asked me, why am I doing books?
    1:49:42 And it’s like, it is just undeniable that a fullness of life that I find is found through the writing and who that connects me with and the adventures it brings me on.
    1:49:55 Well, let’s talk about your own writing and specifically, let’s talk briefly about things become other things and then we’ll not try to cram too much into this.
    1:49:56 I mean, we’ve covered a hell of a lot of ground.
    1:49:57 We’re already at two hours.
    1:49:59 So let’s talk.
    1:50:00 You don’t have to be sorry.
    1:50:03 I mean, this is what I want when you’re like, well, I’ll truncate this.
    1:50:04 I’m like, don’t truncate it.
    1:50:06 This is not TikTok.
    1:50:07 This is long form.
    1:50:16 So I want to encourage my listeners to engage with long form, because if you’re playing the short game, even as a consumer, you are training yourself.
    1:50:22 You are being trained, maybe is a better way to put it, to become something that I’m not sure you want to become.
    1:50:24 So things become other things.
    1:50:29 Tell me and tell us about things become other things.
    1:50:33 It’s my forthcoming book coming out with Random House.
    1:50:36 So this is a huge leap for me.
    1:50:38 I’ve always been fiercely independent.
    1:50:49 I produce my own books that are kind of fine art editions that sell for a hundred bucks a copy that are printed and bound in Japan, like I showed earlier, silkscreen, foil stamps, stuff like that.
    1:50:52 But I was working on this story for this book.
    1:50:59 And this book is about a walk I did during COVID on the key peninsula of Japan, which I’ve been to many, many, many, many times.
    1:51:01 And this is the peninsula south of Kyoto.
    1:51:07 So if you look at Honshu, I describe it in the book as the dangling penis of Japan, this peninsula.
    1:51:14 So Honshu, for people who don’t know, do you want to just lay out the main islands of Japan so people know where we are?
    1:51:16 So you have Hokkaido up at the top.
    1:51:20 Then you have Honshu, which is the big banana with the little dangly penis, which is the peninsula.
    1:51:25 You’ve got next to the penis, you’ve got Shikoku, which is where the 88 temples pilgrimage is.
    1:51:30 And then next to that, you’ve got Kyushu, which is kind of the bottom part of Japan.
    1:51:33 And then far away, you’ve got Okinawa.
    1:51:36 But the key peninsula is south of Kyoto, south of Osaka.
    1:51:41 It’s Miei and Wakayama in Nara, southern part of Nara prefectures.
    1:51:45 And I’ve been going there for about 12 years, 13 years.
    1:51:48 And I’d say that most of my walks have taken place there.
    1:51:50 I’ve walked thousands of kilometers of the peninsula.
    1:51:54 And probably my most profound walk happened during COVID, the height of COVID.
    1:51:58 It was 2021, Japan was still locked down.
    1:52:00 We still didn’t know where this was going.
    1:52:04 Vaccines, I think, had not even arrived here yet.
    1:52:07 May of 2021, we didn’t have vaccines in Japan yet.
    1:52:09 They came in July, July, August.
    1:52:11 I was like, well, I’m going to go on a big walk.
    1:52:12 It’s like, I’m being careful.
    1:52:13 I’m tested.
    1:52:15 I’m not going to spread anything.
    1:52:18 I went on this walk and I did, it was about 600 kilometers.
    1:52:20 It took about a month.
    1:52:22 And I was writing.
    1:52:25 And we can talk about my walking and writing practice.
    1:52:28 I have this whole ascetic practice connected with how I walk and how I write.
    1:52:34 But this walk in particular, I was writing every day, two, three, 4,000 words, photographing
    1:52:35 every day.
    1:52:36 And I was thinking about life.
    1:52:44 And one of the things I started to reflect on, partially because in this COVID moment, where
    1:52:47 I think for a lot of folks, it was this moment of reflection.
    1:52:48 Everything slowed down.
    1:52:49 Everything stopped.
    1:52:53 And it was the first time as an adult, I went back to my childhood.
    1:52:56 I thought back to this childhood friendship I had.
    1:53:00 As I was walking the peninsula, I’d see little kids every now and there aren’t that many kids
    1:53:02 left in Japan, certainly not on the peninsula.
    1:53:06 And I’d see little kids every now and then coming back from school at the end of the day.
    1:53:12 And it started me thinking about this friendship I had with this kid, Brian, when I was in elementary
    1:53:12 school.
    1:53:13 He was my best friend.
    1:53:15 He was the closest thing to a brother I had.
    1:53:19 And we grew up side by side in elementary school.
    1:53:23 And I happened to test a little bit better than he did.
    1:53:26 And it kind of put me on this different track.
    1:53:28 We still had a gifted program back then.
    1:53:28 I was lucky.
    1:53:31 I was able to go into the gifted program because I tested a little better.
    1:53:34 That exposed me to computers.
    1:53:38 They had one Commodore 64 or something, and I used Logo Writer, and that got me thinking
    1:53:38 about Brian.
    1:53:44 It’s like, you see how these things kind of compound, these small chances, these small
    1:53:45 lucks, these small opportunities.
    1:53:47 And I got them, and Brian didn’t get them.
    1:53:50 And by the end of high school, we were so separated.
    1:53:55 My high school was called out during the first Trump administration by Betsy DeVos.
    1:53:57 I think that was the secretary of education.
    1:54:01 She called out my high school as one of the worst high schools in America, like on a national
    1:54:02 speech.
    1:54:09 And my friend Brian was going to the high school that bad kids went to that couldn’t
    1:54:10 hang in my high school.
    1:54:11 So it’s like, you can imagine where Brian was.
    1:54:13 And we graduated high school.
    1:54:16 And just a few weeks after he graduated, he was murdered.
    1:54:27 And that murder, that loss, we basically stopped talking after middle school just because of,
    1:54:31 you know, you get separated and then your friend groups change.
    1:54:31 Yeah, you drift.
    1:54:33 You don’t know how to bridge that gap.
    1:54:36 You don’t have the emotional intelligence as a kid to think about that gap.
    1:54:40 And I always thought at some point we would be able to reconnect.
    1:54:51 And half of my childhood lived in half of my childhood was losing this brother and being adopted again.
    1:54:53 Like, what does blood mean?
    1:54:55 You know, how does family get created?
    1:54:57 And he was absolutely as much of a brother as anyone.
    1:55:05 And I tried to engage with our friendship, our brotherhood in short stories.
    1:55:11 Actually, the first short story I ever had published was published when I was 18 at university in this national writing competition.
    1:55:15 And it was a short story about me and Brian and some of our antics.
    1:55:18 And so there was an impulse in me to write about him, but I didn’t know how to.
    1:55:20 And I tried a couple more times in my early 20s.
    1:55:21 It never worked.
    1:55:24 And then on this walk, I started thinking back about him.
    1:55:28 And it just, it was the right time.
    1:55:31 And so I basically ended up doing this walk.
    1:55:32 I wrote about this walk.
    1:55:37 And Brian snuck into the narrative in a way that I did not expect.
    1:55:43 So this book is about, it is this walk, but it’s also about our friendship, our childhood.
    1:55:46 It’s about being failed by the systems.
    1:55:48 Like, why were we cleaved apart?
    1:55:50 Why, you know, we’re side by side in first grade.
    1:55:58 How should two kids side by side end up in a position where I feel like I have to run away halfway around the world and he gets murdered?
    1:56:02 And it’s like him getting murdered wasn’t, the crazy thing is that wasn’t a big shock.
    1:56:05 When you saw kind of what was, you know, there were gangs.
    1:56:12 We had a, the head of security, we had like security guards in my high school, you know, like people, you know, there was like, whatever.
    1:56:13 We didn’t have metal detectors.
    1:56:18 We weren’t quite at like Baltimore, the wire level of like intensity, but it was like serious.
    1:56:20 You couldn’t wear certain colors because they were gang related.
    1:56:27 You know, in the head of security, it turns out, uh, the FBI busted in one day and like tackled him, arrested him.
    1:56:29 It turns out that he was a bank robber.
    1:56:33 It’s like, it was just insane.
    1:56:33 Right.
    1:56:41 So, so like the book just meditates on the fact that like me and Wakayama are both working class in industry.
    1:56:54 That have lost the industry have lost the workers have lost the jobs and yet there is a foundational social support network in place where the people aren’t falling as far as I saw people fall.
    1:56:59 And certainly people aren’t getting murdered and certainly people aren’t, you know, joining gangs or whatever.
    1:57:02 And certainly people aren’t dealing with opioid crises and things like that.
    1:57:07 And so it’s a joyous memory of this friendship I had with Brian.
    1:57:11 And it’s also like this elevation of all these wonderful characters I meet on the peninsula.
    1:57:12 I love everyone I meet.
    1:57:13 I’m talking to fishermen.
    1:57:14 I’m talking to old farmers.
    1:57:22 I’m talking to women, you know, who are running old cafes, Kisaten, you know, in the, in the countryside who are super surly and chain smoking.
    1:57:27 And I’m like, you know, the first person who’s come in in days, you know, and they’re just like, sure, come on in.
    1:57:30 I ain’t got no toast, but I got a lot of cigarettes and coffee for you, kid.
    1:57:32 You know, that sort of thing.
    1:57:34 And I just love all these people.
    1:57:37 And it’s a book about elevating who they are, elevating this peninsula.
    1:57:45 And the paths I’m walking are these thousand-year-old, 2,000-year-old pilgrimage routes and the history.
    1:57:48 You know, I’m walking past stone markers that are 2,000 years old.
    1:57:49 I’m walking past pilgrim graves.
    1:57:56 I’m going to these, you know, the holiest shrines, these foundational myth shrines of Japan, Issei Jingu.
    1:57:58 I’m walking, you know, down past Kumano.
    1:58:04 I’m walking past the most holy rock, the foundational rock where the sun goddess was born from.
    1:58:08 You know, it’s like, so this history of the country comes from this peninsula.
    1:58:11 It’s so atavistic in so many ways.
    1:58:15 And so it’s a book about celebrating that, celebrating the people who live there, celebrating the industry,
    1:58:22 and celebrating this beautiful friendship I had with this kid, Brian, because no one is going to be able to remember him like I can.
    1:58:25 And I feel like I had a duty to remember this guy.
    1:58:27 When does the book come out?
    1:58:30 It comes out May 6th.
    1:58:36 The reason why it’s coming out with Random House is I just felt like this story deserved a bigger platform than I could give on my own.
    1:58:43 And so I kind of went around and I was able to connect with an amazing editor who really got the book.
    1:58:47 She, you know, helped me elevate it to a place that I couldn’t have gotten into on my own.
    1:58:51 And I hope through Random House, they’re going to make a lot more books than I could make.
    1:58:53 It’s going to cost a lot less than my books cost.
    1:59:00 My goal is to really expand the ideas of, you know, my walking, my walking practice.
    1:59:04 I write about my walking practice in this, but also just exposing this part of Japan.
    1:59:14 Like you are not going to be able to go and engage with this part of Japan on your own unless you’ve lived here for a long time and could speak the language and can understand the dialects and get the history.
    1:59:20 You’re not going to be able to show up and go to this place and kind of dig in it in the way that I’ve been able to in this book for you.
    1:59:25 And so, you know, like whatever, William Gibson blurbed it for me.
    1:59:29 And that was like the hand of God coming down and saying, yes, I approve of your work.
    1:59:34 And, you know, it’s about this illuminating this part of Japan that you’re not going to have access to.
    1:59:35 I’m proud of the book.
    1:59:37 I’m proud of where we got it.
    1:59:39 And I’m excited, so excited for people to read it.
    1:59:41 And I want to engage with people about it.
    1:59:43 Amazing.
    1:59:43 All right.
    1:59:47 So for people who don’t know William Gibson, who is William Gibson briefly?
    1:59:56 I mean, he has a quote that people see in Silicon Valley quite a lot, which is pulled from Neuromancer, I believe, which is the future is already here.
    1:59:57 It’s just unevenly distributed.
    2:00:02 Something along those lines might be from that book, but legendary writer.
    2:00:08 Basically, whatever, the progenitor of cyberpunk to a certain degree.
    2:00:15 But also, he’s a guy who has seen, I think, the coolness of Japan before most of the world saw the coolness of Japan.
    2:00:18 And he’s written great books that involve Japan, like Pattern Recognition.
    2:00:19 It’s an incredible book.
    2:00:21 I read it like once every couple of years.
    2:00:22 It’s beautiful.
    2:00:23 There’s a lot of poetry in it.
    2:00:24 It’s a cool story.
    2:00:30 And it captures this like quirky early 2000s Japan, which is really cool.
    2:00:32 So anyway, so William Gibson, he’s a big deal.
    2:00:34 Yeah, he’s a big deal.
    2:00:35 It was pretty cool.
    2:00:35 That’s so fun.
    2:00:36 Yeah.
    2:00:40 And for people who are listening, I checked on this.
    2:00:42 So Things Become Other Things.
    2:00:43 Beautiful cover.
    2:00:46 I’m sure the writing is beautiful.
    2:00:49 I encourage people to read everything they can of yours.
    2:00:52 And it is available for pre-order.
    2:00:54 So go pre-order the book.
    2:00:56 You will not regret having this book.
    2:00:58 I can say that with very, very high degree of confidence.
    2:01:01 And I very rarely, maybe ever say something like that.
    2:01:09 But having a number of your books behind me, maybe about a bookshelf behind the wall that
    2:01:14 is behind me and having spent time with you, having watched you write, you glossed over
    2:01:18 something that we’ll talk about in part two, but two to three to 4,000 words a day.
    2:01:20 What the fucking hell?
    2:01:24 After walking 30 kilometers.
    2:01:26 Yeah, that is a lot of words.
    2:01:28 You and Brandon Sanderson.
    2:01:29 What am I going to do with you guys?
    2:01:30 So we’ll talk about that.
    2:01:38 Where else can people find you if they want to dip their toe into Modland and get a taste?
    2:01:40 Craigmod.com.
    2:01:41 Craigmod.com.
    2:01:44 You know, in service for 23 years.
    2:01:44 No, I think that don’t matter.
    2:01:46 In service.
    2:01:49 The big thing I do that’s enabled a lot.
    2:01:52 And again, like to maintain this fierce independence.
    2:01:57 And we can talk about the Random House deal in part two as well, because there’s some interesting
    2:02:00 things about it that actually dovetails with what Brandon was talking about as well.
    2:02:05 I have a membership program called Special Projects that have been running now for six years
    2:02:06 since 2019.
    2:02:10 And that combined with the walking.
    2:02:14 And actually, that gave me the permission to start committing to these big walks.
    2:02:17 So it’s like everything builds on everything else.
    2:02:19 Slowly, slowly, slowly, slowly, slowly.
    2:02:22 And then you realize you’ve kind of created this pretty big ladder of stuff.
    2:02:29 And so the membership program, if you join that, not to like shill, but the membership program
    2:02:35 gives you access to all of the archives of all the writing I’ve done on my walks.
    2:02:42 And 120 hours of videos where I run board meetings every six months, and I talk about what I’ve
    2:02:46 done, the projects I’ve worked on, how they’ve gone, what we’re going to do in the next six
    2:02:46 months.
    2:02:48 And then I filled Q&As from the members.
    2:02:50 And they’re incredible Q&A.
    2:02:51 I’m so lucky.
    2:02:52 My members are smart.
    2:02:54 They ask great questions.
    2:02:55 They’re creative.
    2:02:56 They’re wonderful people.
    2:02:58 And so you get kind of access to this huge archive.
    2:03:04 And the whole reason I make everything I do in the membership program is me speaking to
    2:03:09 myself when I was 20 and desperate and hungry and drinking myself into the pavement and wishing
    2:03:13 I had an archetype, wishing I had some kind of flashlight to show me how to do the work
    2:03:14 I want to do.
    2:03:16 This is me wishing I could give this to myself back then.
    2:03:18 And so it’s free for students.
    2:03:20 If you’re a student, you just email me and say, I’m a student.
    2:03:21 You get it for free.
    2:03:25 I’m very loose about what constitutes a student.
    2:03:27 If you think you’re a student, you’re probably a student.
    2:03:29 Just email me and say, hey, I’m a student.
    2:03:30 I believe you.
    2:03:33 I’ve had people send me photos of their student IDs.
    2:03:34 Don’t send me a photo of your student ID.
    2:03:35 It’s free.
    2:03:37 I’m happy to give you those memberships to give access to that stuff.
    2:03:42 But what the membership allows me to do by keeping some of the stuff behind a curtain
    2:03:46 is I can be a little more vulnerable than when I’m out in front of my big newsletters where
    2:03:48 I send out to 50,000 people or 60,000 people or whatever.
    2:03:53 When it’s a smaller group, I’m able to be more vulnerable, more honest, and the Q&As
    2:03:54 and stuff like that feel a little more intimate.
    2:03:59 I create a little bit of artificial scarcity, artificial friction to enable us to have a deeper
    2:04:00 conversation, I hope.
    2:04:03 And people can find that at craigmod.com as well?
    2:04:05 craigmod.com slash membership.
    2:04:07 That’s where people can find it all.
    2:04:12 So we were going to discuss so many things, and we are going to discuss those things in round
    2:04:12 two.
    2:04:21 One of them is the membership community because you have very clear rules that also make it
    2:04:28 vibrant and prevent it from becoming a monster you need to feed that consumes rather than enables
    2:04:30 your creative life.
    2:04:32 You’ve figured it out over time.
    2:04:34 And we are going to talk about that.
    2:04:36 There are so many things we’re going to talk about.
    2:04:40 It was just foolish of me to think that we would be able to cover all of it in two hours.
    2:04:41 Fucking ridiculous.
    2:04:42 There’s no way.
    2:04:45 So anyway, go ahead.
    2:04:47 You were like, hey, let’s start with eight years old.
    2:04:51 I knew there was, I don’t want to say a risk.
    2:04:58 I knew there was a possibility, distinct possibility that that would take us afield, but we never
    2:05:03 would have gotten to being possessed by demons if spirits.
    2:05:12 I’ll be, I don’t want to smack talk whatever happened to end up in you when you were cradling
    2:05:15 some invisible object asleep overseas.
    2:05:17 But this is the fun of long form for me.
    2:05:18 Yeah.
    2:05:18 Right?
    2:05:22 Because I don’t want to know exactly where it’s going.
    2:05:25 So much of my life is regimented.
    2:05:26 So much of it is planned.
    2:05:33 There are so many times when I execute to spec and part of what I’m trying to inject
    2:05:37 more in my life, whether it’s playing with fiction and just starting with a few characters
    2:05:42 in a scenario and letting it rip or having conversations like this, especially with someone
    2:05:47 I’ve spent time with, is ending up in unexpected corners.
    2:05:49 There’s so much to that.
    2:05:54 And it’s similar in a sense, I mean, this is perhaps not the best comparison, but when
    2:06:00 you say all of the best things or so many of the beautiful relationships have all come
    2:06:05 from your writing, part of that is not over planning, right?
    2:06:12 You focus on the work, you create beauty and quality, and then you release it into the wild
    2:06:13 and you see what happens.
    2:06:14 It becomes theological.
    2:06:15 It really is.
    2:06:16 Yeah.
    2:06:16 Yeah.
    2:06:18 It’s totally faith-based.
    2:06:25 I mean, I mean, what creative practice is and what great creative practice isn’t.
    2:06:31 I mean, my favorite moment of a documentary about photographers is the Sally Mann documentary.
    2:06:32 How do you spell that?
    2:06:33 Sally Mann.
    2:06:35 S-A-L-L-Y, Sally.
    2:06:36 Huh?
    2:06:41 And then a woman, M-A-N-N, I think, is her last name.
    2:06:41 Got it.
    2:06:45 And she, yes, if I say it fast, it sounds Salomon.
    2:06:48 Sally, no, Sally Mann.
    2:06:53 You know, she has all these gorgeous ethereal black and white photos of her family that
    2:06:55 she took and she gained so much notoriety.
    2:06:59 And anyway, there’s this documentary about her and in the middle of it, she’s working on
    2:07:02 a new set of works and she’s getting rejected by galleries.
    2:07:09 She has this total breakdown and you just go, oh my God, someone like Sally Mann at the peak
    2:07:12 of her career can still have a breakdown.
    2:07:14 Like it really is so theological.
    2:07:17 This belief, you just have to believe and keep pushing and keep pushing.
    2:07:21 And she, you know, she pushes through it and she creates some great work and whatever has
    2:07:22 a great show and blah, blah, blah.
    2:07:24 You have to cultivate that belief.
    2:07:28 Having your cost of living be a thousand bucks a month for everything all in is an easy way
    2:07:30 to help cultivate that belief.
    2:07:33 It’s like you could be, you could be uncompromising about it.
    2:07:34 Mm-hmm.
    2:07:40 All right, Craig, we are going to very quickly record and release a round two.
    2:07:44 Everybody who’s listening to this should tune in for that for sure.
    2:07:45 My God.
    2:07:49 I mean, honestly, in part because I’ll just give people a quick teaser.
    2:07:54 With the exploratory bullets, and I ask all guests to send ideas for exploratory bullets,
    2:07:59 we literally didn’t get to effectively any of them, right?
    2:08:05 I mean, the huge walks, walking as a tool for focus, reclaiming attention, your rules for
    2:08:11 walking, the art of slowness, your wild, strange celebrity in Japan around mid-sized cities
    2:08:20 didn’t get to that, the Kevin Kelly saga continues, we did not get to that, the very wild, incredible
    2:08:27 stories related to adoption, sort of adult chapters, all of that and more.
    2:08:31 We’re going to cover tons and tons, and I promise everybody I won’t start at eight years
    2:08:35 old, so we’ll stick to the script a little bit more.
    2:08:41 Craig, at least for this conversation, anything else you would like to say?
    2:08:47 Any comments or anywhere you’d like to point the people listening?
    2:08:52 It’s difficult because it’s like the people who probably need to hear these things won’t
    2:08:55 be listening to this podcast or maybe don’t even know this podcast exists.
    2:08:59 So that’s often sometimes the difficulty in getting information to folks.
    2:09:06 But I think the residencies, artist residencies, are one of the coolest things that we have.
    2:09:12 And most people overlook them or think that the bar to entry is so insurmountable that like,
    2:09:13 why should I even try?
    2:09:17 Go out and there are huge lists.
    2:09:21 And once you start to crack the code, once you start applying, and you should aim to get
    2:09:22 rejected by a billion of them.
    2:09:25 But once you get into one or two of them, you start to understand the code a little more.
    2:09:29 And my God, they’re so much fun and so interesting.
    2:09:34 And they are such a way to level up your practice, whatever your practice might be,
    2:09:38 to be surrounded by people who are also committing themselves to it, working hard,
    2:09:40 and providing unexpected archetypes.
    2:09:45 I’ve had so many great friendships come out of, I’ve done McDowell, VCCA,
    2:09:49 Tin House, Ragdale, as a few of them.
    2:09:52 And all of them, I’ve come out with just amazing friendships.
    2:09:54 And I’ve got a lot of great work done, too.
    2:09:55 So please go investigate.
    2:10:03 And if you’re a rich mother effer listening to this thing, donate to support these things.
    2:10:07 I mean, these are incredible, incredible institutions that don’t require a lot of money
    2:10:08 to have a huge impact.
    2:10:12 And so being able to provide more scholarships and things like that, it’s pretty powerful.
    2:10:13 Pretty powerful stuff.
    2:10:14 Love it.
    2:10:15 All right, everybody.
    2:10:16 The end.
    2:10:19 CraigMod, CraigMod.com.
    2:10:20 You can find all things there.
    2:10:23 And so nice to see you, bud.
    2:10:24 You too.
    2:10:24 It’s been a minute.
    2:10:26 And we will…
    2:10:26 See you tomorrow.
    2:10:29 Yes, see you tomorrow.
    2:10:33 And for people listening, of course, we’ll link to everything we discussed in this episode
    2:10:36 of Tim.blog.podcast.
    2:10:42 There will not be another person with the last name Mod, so you can search for CraigMod,
    2:10:44 and he will pop right up, of course.
    2:10:49 And until next time, which will be pretty soon, round two with Gregor, be just a bit kinder
    2:10:53 than is necessary to others and to yourself.
    2:10:57 We’ll talk more about cultivating a rational belief and faith in oneself in round two.
    2:11:00 Until then, thanks for tuning in.
    2:11:03 Hey guys, this is Tim again.
    2:11:08 Just one more thing before you take off, and that is Five Bullet Friday.
    2:11:12 Would you enjoy getting a short email from me every Friday that provides a little fun before
    2:11:13 the weekend?
    2:11:18 Between one and a half and two million people subscribe to my free newsletter, my super short
    2:11:19 newsletter called Five Bullet Friday.
    2:11:21 Easy to sign up.
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    2:11:27 It is basically a half page that I send out every Friday to share the coolest things I’ve
    2:11:31 found or discovered or have started exploring over that week.
    2:11:33 It’s kind of like my diary of cool things.
    2:11:38 It often includes articles I’m reading, books I’m reading, albums perhaps, gadgets, gizmos,
    2:11:44 all sorts of tech tricks and so on that get sent to me by my friends, including a lot of podcast
    2:11:50 guests and these strange esoteric things end up in my field and then I test them and then
    2:11:52 I share them with you.
    2:11:57 So if that sounds fun, again, it’s very short, a little tiny bite of goodness before you head
    2:11:59 off for the weekend, something to think about.
    2:12:03 If you’d like to try it out, just go to Tim.blog slash Friday.
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    2:12:09 Drop in your email and you’ll get the very next one.
    2:12:10 Thanks for listening.
    2:12:13 This episode is brought to you by Eight Sleep.
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    Craig Mod is a writer, photographer, and walker living in Tokyo and Kamakura, Japan. He is the author of Things Become Other Things and Kissa by Kissa. He also writes the newsletters Roden and Ridgeline and has contributed to The New York Times, The Atlantic, Wired, and more.

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  • How a guy turned 3 YouTube Channels into $3 Billion Dollars

    AI transcript
    0:00:01 I got to tell you about a YouTube story.
    0:00:05 Okay, so this is a story of how a guy
    0:00:08 found an underrated opportunity in the YouTube market
    0:00:09 and turned it into $3 billion.
    0:00:21 So there’s this guy, Rene,
    0:00:24 and Rene discovers an opportunity.
    0:00:27 Sam, do you know what the most viewed YouTube channel is?
    0:00:29 Most views on YouTube, do you know?
    0:00:32 The obvious answer would be Mr. Beast.
    0:00:33 The second…
    0:00:34 Mr. Beast, number 13?
    0:00:35 Why are we talking about number 13?
    0:00:36 I’m talking about number one, Sam.
    0:00:39 Okay, do I do the bro move
    0:00:42 where I under guess so you quit?
    0:00:44 No, I’m going to say some type of Indian thing.
    0:00:46 Probably like an Indian…
    0:00:47 Number one is T-Series.
    0:00:48 It’s Indian music.
    0:00:50 So it’s just like all the famous Bollywood songs.
    0:00:51 But do you know what number two is?
    0:00:52 I don’t.
    0:00:52 No idea.
    0:00:53 Cocomelon.
    0:00:55 Cocomelon, yeah, God.
    0:00:57 Does your kid watch Cocomelon or is too young, maybe?
    0:01:00 I refuse to let her watch Cocomelon
    0:01:01 because it’s crack.
    0:01:03 It’s baby crack.
    0:01:08 So by the way, number two, number five, number six, number seven,
    0:01:11 those are all just like Cocomelon.
    0:01:13 They’re basically kids’ entertainment channels.
    0:01:16 By the way, a couple of them are like Russian and Ukrainian
    0:01:18 in the top 10 of all views.
    0:01:21 So Cocomelon was this channel
    0:01:25 that was actually started back in 2006, 2007.
    0:01:29 This dad who was like an animator slash filmmaker
    0:01:32 and his wife, who I think was like a cartoonist
    0:01:33 for children’s books,
    0:01:35 they noticed there’s like,
    0:01:38 oh, there’s like nothing good on YouTube for kids.
    0:01:41 And so they start creating very simple animations
    0:01:44 for kids on YouTube.
    0:01:47 Just like literally, if you go to their channel
    0:01:49 and you click pop, click oldest.
    0:01:51 And the very old, the oldest one,
    0:01:54 I think it’s like 18 years ago is a video.
    0:01:55 That’s like the ABC song.
    0:01:56 It’s a 40 second video.
    0:01:59 And if you go look at all the old ones,
    0:02:00 it doesn’t look like Cocomelon today.
    0:02:01 There’s no character.
    0:02:03 There’s no like kid, JJ.
    0:02:06 There’s no like crazy cracked out animations.
    0:02:07 There’s nothing.
    0:02:07 There’s just like,
    0:02:09 literally they’re just doing nursery rhymes.
    0:02:10 So it’s like ABC,
    0:02:12 Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star,
    0:02:14 Baba, Black Sheep, all the hits.
    0:02:16 And so those start getting a lot of views.
    0:02:19 And for like 10 plus years,
    0:02:22 it’s just them doing animations,
    0:02:25 no sponsors, no merchandise,
    0:02:27 no gimmicks, no nothing.
    0:02:29 They’re just living off of YouTube ad revenue.
    0:02:29 They got a small team.
    0:02:31 They get into about 20 people.
    0:02:32 10 plus years.
    0:02:33 Wow.
    0:02:35 So that’s a grind.
    0:02:36 They did that.
    0:02:37 There’s another story.
    0:02:39 Blippi.
    0:02:40 I don’t know if you’re familiar with Blippi.
    0:02:41 Blippi is sort of like-
    0:02:42 Is he the guy who sings,
    0:02:43 but it’s like many guys now?
    0:02:46 Yeah, they’ve switched out the character,
    0:02:49 but basically it’s a dude who wears a blue suit
    0:02:50 with orange overalls and a bow tie.
    0:02:51 And he’s like,
    0:02:53 yeah, it’s me, Blippi, right?
    0:02:54 And he’s like,
    0:02:56 basically he just goes to like abandoned,
    0:02:58 like not abandoned,
    0:02:58 I shouldn’t say that.
    0:03:00 Like kids like play places when they’re closed
    0:03:01 and he goes and he plays in them
    0:03:04 and he like films himself playing in the play place
    0:03:06 and he teaches you things and whatever.
    0:03:08 Slightly educational, slightly fun channel.
    0:03:10 Wait, were you going to say Blippi
    0:03:14 is recording abandoned warehouses?
    0:03:15 Abandoned play places,
    0:03:16 like there’s no one there,
    0:03:17 but they’re not abandoned.
    0:03:17 I thought you’d be like,
    0:03:19 today’s special word is tetanus.
    0:03:20 Like if you do,
    0:03:21 like-
    0:03:22 Yeah, exactly.
    0:03:26 Can you say rabid?
    0:03:27 Yeah.
    0:03:28 Rabid.
    0:03:31 So Blippi, this guy basically sees that his,
    0:03:33 I think his niece or nephew or something like that
    0:03:37 is watching these like really low quality videos of tractors.
    0:03:39 Like, you know, like kids love trucks and tractors.
    0:03:39 I do.
    0:03:41 He’s like, oh man, like my kid loves this.
    0:03:43 My nephew loves this tractor video.
    0:03:44 And so he goes and he makes one.
    0:03:45 If you get the same thing,
    0:03:46 go to the Blippi channel,
    0:03:46 you click oldest,
    0:03:50 you’ll see it’s a video of a tractor going through a field.
    0:03:53 And his next one is like another tractor video.
    0:03:55 And he’s on green screen with it.
    0:03:56 He’s not even near a tractor.
    0:03:57 He just green screens himself on top of it.
    0:03:59 And so he starts creating this.
    0:04:00 He starts getting a lot of views.
    0:04:02 And so what happens is there’s this guy,
    0:04:02 Rene.
    0:04:05 And what Rene does is he decides to create a PE rollup,
    0:04:08 but around these kids’ YouTube channels.
    0:04:12 And the opportunity is that Rene worked at a company called Maker Studios.
    0:04:13 Do you remember Maker?
    0:04:13 Yeah.
    0:04:17 It kind of ended up being like they were the hottest thing going.
    0:04:19 And they raised money at billions of dollars of valuation.
    0:04:21 And it didn’t exactly live up to that,
    0:04:22 but it kind of created like,
    0:04:24 it was like so innovative that a lot of the employees were,
    0:04:26 went and did amazing stuff.
    0:04:26 Is that right?
    0:04:28 Kind of.
    0:04:28 Yeah.
    0:04:31 So basically they were early on to the YouTube professionalization.
    0:04:35 And what they were trying to do was they created what’s called an MCN,
    0:04:36 a multi-channel network.
    0:04:37 And, you know, what does that mean?
    0:04:39 It’s sort of like an agency,
    0:04:43 like a CAA for YouTube talent.
    0:04:44 So for some of them,
    0:04:46 they would own the channels and then the talent would operate them.
    0:04:47 For others, the talent owned their own channel
    0:04:49 and they would do the brand deals.
    0:04:51 But like, instead of you,
    0:04:53 the one YouTuber negotiating your brand deals,
    0:04:55 they would go to, you know, whoever, Coca-Cola,
    0:04:57 and negotiate it for all 30 channels on their network.
    0:04:58 Right?
    0:05:00 So it’s like creating a, like a television channel,
    0:05:00 but on YouTube.
    0:05:03 And this idea sounded really good.
    0:05:05 It just wasn’t a really good idea.
    0:05:06 It’s been tried and failed many, many times.
    0:05:07 Right.
    0:05:11 It was one of these startups you have to be very wary of because they,
    0:05:13 it’s reasoning by analogy.
    0:05:18 So if you ever hear like Elon talk about like reasoning from first principles,
    0:05:22 which is basically you take like solid truths, like logic,
    0:05:24 and you build one logic block on top of another,
    0:05:28 like a stack of Legos that all click together in a chain of logic.
    0:05:30 Reasoning by analogy is to say,
    0:05:32 yeah, we’re CAA, but for YouTube.
    0:05:37 And you don’t really understand the underlying assumptions about how YouTube works and how Hollywood
    0:05:38 works.
    0:05:38 It’s totally different.
    0:05:41 There actually doesn’t need to be a CAA for YouTube,
    0:05:44 or it wouldn’t be that valuable if you were the CAA of YouTube,
    0:05:45 but it raised money.
    0:05:47 And it was a very hyped thing at the time.
    0:05:49 They actually ended up with a good exit to Disney.
    0:05:51 I think Disney bought them for $709 or a million dollars,
    0:05:52 something like a big exit.
    0:05:56 But it was a kind of a failed company and it failed inside of Disney.
    0:05:59 But it like could be an okay business,
    0:06:02 just not a good business that requires hundreds of millions.
    0:06:05 Yeah, not hundreds of millions in funding good business.
    0:06:06 There are plenty of these like agents,
    0:06:09 creator agencies on TikTok and Twitch that are like bootstrapped.
    0:06:11 That’ll do like a few million dollars a year of profit.
    0:06:12 Good for them.
    0:06:17 Hey, quick message from our sponsor HubSpot.
    0:06:19 You know, marketing in 2025 is wild.
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    0:06:23 Privacy changes are making ad targeting a nightmare
    0:06:25 and everybody needs more content than ever.
    0:06:27 That’s why HubSpot has a new marketing trends report.
    0:06:29 It doesn’t just show you what’s changing.
    0:06:31 It shows you exactly how to deal with it.
    0:06:32 Everything is backed by research
    0:06:34 and it’s about marketing plays that you can use tomorrow.
    0:06:37 So if you’re ready to turn your marketing challenges into results,
    0:06:41 go to HubSpot.com slash marketing to download the report for free.
    0:06:44 So what happens?
    0:06:46 So Renee, he’s at Maker.
    0:06:47 He didn’t start it, but he works there.
    0:06:50 And when Disney acquires it, he goes to Disney
    0:06:53 and he becomes like the head of like digital content internationally.
    0:06:55 So I’m like, you know, some title there.
    0:06:58 And what he realizes, he says, here’s the opportunity.
    0:06:59 He goes, when I was at Maker,
    0:07:02 I realized that kids’ YouTube videos were getting tons of views,
    0:07:05 but they were overlooked by traditional PE and media companies
    0:07:06 because they, you know,
    0:07:08 basically they look too janky to be taken seriously.
    0:07:12 He said, of the top hundred most viewed children’s bands online,
    0:07:14 none of them were owned by big studios.
    0:07:15 So he’s at Disney.
    0:07:19 He’s like, look at the top hundred channels, kids’ channels on YouTube.
    0:07:24 None of them are owned by Disney or Pixar or like any of the major studios.
    0:07:28 And his co-founder, who was at Paramount at the time, goes,
    0:07:30 yeah, also none of those,
    0:07:33 none of those YouTube channels that are getting all these views have streaming deals
    0:07:37 because the streamers say we need the content to be exclusive.
    0:07:38 And the YouTubers are like exclusive.
    0:07:40 I mean, YouTube’s my bread and butter.
    0:07:41 Why would I take the content off of YouTube?
    0:07:43 So they were just like, wow, we’re not doing a deal.
    0:07:46 So they get together and they started stack ranking
    0:07:48 and they basically made a simple criteria.
    0:07:54 So they said, I want something that has high views and has like a quality IP.
    0:07:55 So like it has a brand name.
    0:07:59 It has a character that people might associate and love.
    0:08:01 Something you might buy a plush doll of someday.
    0:08:03 Like you’ll buy a toy of this, this thing.
    0:08:06 He goes, if they have both of those, I’m interested.
    0:08:09 And straight out of the gate, they’ve raised about $150 million.
    0:08:14 And they raise all this money saying, we’re going to do this roll-up.
    0:08:15 And they do three deals.
    0:08:20 So shout out to the Roll-Up Europe Beehive newsletter
    0:08:22 because he had the details on this.
    0:08:26 No, but all the traditional media, they only have the surface level details.
    0:08:29 Some guy on Beehive has like a really detailed breakdown of this
    0:08:31 because these companies are based in Europe.
    0:08:34 And so they’re all listed in companies house.
    0:08:37 So he was able to like go see literally how much did the CEO make?
    0:08:40 And the headline of this story is they take that $150 million.
    0:08:42 They start buying up these channels.
    0:08:46 And four years later, they exit this to Blackstone for $3 billion.
    0:08:47 What?
    0:08:49 Technically, they exit to Candle.
    0:08:51 Candle’s backed by Blackstone.
    0:08:52 That’s where Candle got the money.
    0:08:54 But they sell for $3 billion.
    0:08:57 How much revenue was it making?
    0:08:59 So let me break it down.
    0:09:02 They go and they buy Cocomelon for $103 million.
    0:09:05 92 million up front, 11 million contingent.
    0:09:06 Okay.
    0:09:08 So 100 million on Cocomelon.
    0:09:11 70 million on Blippi, of which only 26 million was up front.
    0:09:13 45 million was contingent.
    0:09:16 And then Little Baby Bum was the third big one that they bought.
    0:09:19 And Little Baby Bum had also nursery rhymes and whatnot.
    0:09:20 And they did that for 65 million.
    0:09:26 So that basically, and at that point, they had raised more money of equity and debt.
    0:09:31 And so they raised about $400 million in total equity and debt to create the $3 billion exit.
    0:09:36 So like a 10x return roughly on the capital that they used to buy these channels.
    0:09:36 Wow.
    0:09:41 And in four years, literally through M&A, they were able to create $3 billion of value.
    0:09:42 Here’s what they did.
    0:09:43 So here’s the revenue.
    0:09:46 So their company is called, the holding company is called Moonbug.
    0:09:51 So Moonbug, basically 2019 is sort of like a $20 million a year business.
    0:09:54 2020, it’s about a $50 million a year business.
    0:09:55 Then it goes to $150 million.
    0:10:00 Then it goes to $230 million with $100 million in EBITDA before they got taken out.
    0:10:01 Holy shit.
    0:10:04 It was doing $100 million in EBITDA in only four years?
    0:10:05 Exactly.
    0:10:08 And the founders of this thing, so each of them cleared.
    0:10:12 Rene makes $300 million for this four years of work.
    0:10:14 His co-founder makes $300 million.
    0:10:20 The head of M&A made $60 million and the CFO made like $20 or $30 million in the roll-up
    0:10:21 and the rest went to the investors.
    0:10:27 When they bought these companies, did they need to be great at operating YouTube or was
    0:10:32 the, they were so good at incentivizing Blippi or whatever that they’re like, just keep going.
    0:10:33 You’re doing fine.
    0:10:38 You get this much of your payout if you hit this and that.
    0:10:42 So these businesses are simple and complex at the same time.
    0:10:42 What do I mean by that?
    0:10:45 One, a lot of the views are just going to come on the back catalog.
    0:10:49 So, you know, it’s, it’s still wheels on the bus.
    0:10:52 It’s twinkle, twinkle, little star that is racking up views every single month.
    0:10:54 You don’t have to do anything on those videos.
    0:10:57 I’m not sure if you’re saying wheels on the bus as analogy of running a company or you’re
    0:10:59 literally referring to the song, wheels on the bus.
    0:11:05 And so they, the back catalog gets a lot of views.
    0:11:06 What they did, which is smart.
    0:11:09 So Cocomelon wasn’t originally called Cocomelon.
    0:11:14 It was originally called Checkgate, which sounds like a baggage company.
    0:11:16 Dude, it reminds me of, it sounds like the cult.
    0:11:18 Remember the, the cult that where they all killed themselves?
    0:11:20 It was like Heaven’s Gate, Checkgate.
    0:11:21 Okay.
    0:11:23 So yeah, not familiar with that.
    0:11:25 Not, I need to brush up on my cults.
    0:11:25 Yeah.
    0:11:30 So Checkgate, and then they rebranded to ABC Kid TV, which if you watch the videos, it’ll
    0:11:32 still start ABC Kid TV.
    0:11:33 And then it starts the song.
    0:11:38 Then they rebranded to Cocomelon, but that’s like in 2017 or something like that.
    0:11:39 Like it was like a long time.
    0:11:42 It was like 10 plus years into the company that they rebranded.
    0:11:45 And that’s when they introduced JJ and the characters and the colors.
    0:11:48 And then, so basically that’s where you get the characters.
    0:11:49 Same thing with Blippi.
    0:11:50 They had Blippi.
    0:11:51 They take out the main guy.
    0:11:55 They replace him with a, like a rotate, like a, like an actor basically.
    0:11:57 Because he’s ready to move on.
    0:12:04 And they also introduced Mika, this like diverse character who could come in and like appeal
    0:12:04 to a wider set of audience.
    0:12:07 So they’re doing like moves in the content.
    0:12:08 Yes.
    0:12:10 But the other moves they did was they got it on the streamers.
    0:12:11 So they got it onto Netflix.
    0:12:15 It’s now the most watched kids thing on Netflix is Cocomelon.
    0:12:20 Then they go into the toys business and they’re doing, you know, millions and millions in toys
    0:12:20 and licensing.
    0:12:25 And so, you know, you, they built out the full like suite of business basically around
    0:12:26 these.
    0:12:27 They do Blippi the musical.
    0:12:29 It’s a live tour that’s going around the nation.
    0:12:33 And that’s, you know, selling out, you know, basically tickets, me and my family, we all
    0:12:35 went and this, you know, there’s not an empty seat in the house.
    0:12:41 And so like these things are like, they turned them into, you know, rocking and rolling businesses.
    0:12:42 They kind of use the Disney playbook, right?
    0:12:48 Which is like create massively loved IP and then monetize it through everything except for
    0:12:49 they just didn’t do theme parks.
    0:12:55 Have you seen on South Park where Mickey Mouse is, you know, comes off as this nice guy,
    0:12:58 but behind the scenes, he’s trying to convince the Jonah brothers that they better wear their
    0:13:02 virginity rings or their chastity rings because they’re wanting to like have sex.
    0:13:06 And he’s like, you better put that fucking ring back on.
    0:13:12 First of all, incredible impression.
    0:13:18 How did you feel three seconds before you did that, before you committed?
    0:13:23 You know, there is no, when you’re taking a risk, you cannot paint a world where it’s only
    0:13:24 upside.
    0:13:26 You have to accept that there is potentially downside.
    0:13:30 These are the things I tell myself before I’m ever taking a big risk.
    0:13:31 And I thought about that.
    0:13:34 I’m a risk taker.
    0:13:35 Yeah, I’m a risk taker.
    0:13:38 I do impromptu impressions sometimes that I’ve never done before.
    0:13:41 But that’s what I imagined Rene to be.
    0:13:45 He’s like, listen, Blippi, I need you to put that fucking tie on and I need you to get out
    0:13:45 there and dance.
    0:13:49 Blippi’s like asking for a raise.
    0:13:52 What’s the hard part about this business?
    0:13:54 Is it convincing people to sell?
    0:14:01 No, I don’t think that was that hard because they had a huge check and the huge check helps.
    0:14:07 You know, like I think at the time, I think Cocomelon had done like 80 million in revenue
    0:14:08 or something like that, that year.
    0:14:10 And then they bought them for 100.
    0:14:14 So they bought them, you know, probably like at a 5x multiple or 6x multiple of profits or
    0:14:14 something like that.
    0:14:19 I don’t know exactly the multiple, but I’m guessing they offered them like, hey, here’s a bunch
    0:14:21 of money that you could have.
    0:14:25 And like, you’ve been running for like, you know, years doing this on this treadmill.
    0:14:26 And like, what if we could help?
    0:14:28 And what if we could take you to the next level?
    0:14:29 You don’t know those people?
    0:14:31 Oh, I golf with the guy from Netflix.
    0:14:32 Oh, I used to be at Paramount.
    0:14:33 Oh, I was at Disney.
    0:14:35 I can help you get to the next level.
    0:14:37 Break down doors that didn’t seem like they were open.
    0:14:40 The hard part was picking up the gold on the ground.
    0:14:43 So this happens a lot in business.
    0:14:44 It’s like these ideas are just sitting on the ground.
    0:14:49 And it’s the hard part is somebody taking a very simple idea very seriously.
    0:14:56 So to say, yeah, you know, that silly like nursery rhyme channel, I’m gonna go raise $150 million
    0:15:01 from like whoever Goldman Sachs to go and acquire these.
    0:15:06 And you have to say that with a straight face when there’s no track record of that.
    0:15:09 You know, you have to really pitch a strong case.
    0:15:13 And I also wonder and you would actually have good insight to this because you worked at Twitch.
    0:15:16 I wonder what opportunity looks like.
    0:15:25 So for example, when you explained Renee’s inner dialogue of like, hey, look at all the top 100 channels.
    0:15:30 None of them are owned by PE or they all are just kind of like these mom and pop shops.
    0:15:40 This seems so obvious, but I wonder what that inner dialogue actually was with uncertainty in the same way where I don’t know anything about streaming,
    0:15:41 but you used to work at Twitch.
    0:15:45 And then I know that like there was that there was like two new video get kick streamer.
    0:15:46 I forget.
    0:15:51 But like I wonder if a Twitch employee could have looked at me like these.
    0:15:52 There’s an opportunity here.
    0:15:54 Here’s a gap because I could see the data.
    0:15:55 Therefore, we should support this other thing.
    0:15:56 What was the other one called kick?
    0:15:58 There’s Mixer.
    0:15:58 There was to kick.
    0:15:59 Yeah.
    0:16:00 YouTube has their own Facebook.
    0:16:06 Actually, you know, there was a time where we were before Twitch acquired us.
    0:16:08 We were building like a tool in the ecosystem.
    0:16:10 We were getting to know a bunch of the streamers who were using our tool.
    0:16:16 And we were like, look, this tool, like the hard part is this tool like kind of caps out at like 100 million.
    0:16:20 If we do, if we win, if we win, the size of this is like 100 million, we think.
    0:16:24 And the problem is that the platform’s worth like 5 billion.
    0:16:27 How do we do the 5 billion thing?
    0:16:29 And we’re like, we’d have to create another platform.
    0:16:31 It’s like, okay, well, there’s the technology part of it.
    0:16:32 That’s hard, but doable.
    0:16:36 The hard part is getting the streamers and getting the network effect to go.
    0:16:38 Like, how do you break the network effect of something like Twitch?
    0:16:44 And what you realize is that a very small number of streamers drive a huge amount of the viewership.
    0:16:49 So in theory, you could get those streamers together and you could say, hey, we’re coming over here.
    0:16:52 And so I actually went and pitched my investor.
    0:16:57 Now, I shouldn’t say pitch because it wasn’t, I wasn’t fully committed.
    0:16:59 I wasn’t sure that this is a swing worth taking.
    0:17:02 But I was like, I think what we would need to do.
    0:17:04 Wouldn’t it be neat if we did this?
    0:17:10 I was like, we need to throw some sort of event where we get a hundred of the, we get all the top hundred streamers in a room together.
    0:17:13 And basically we need to make them an offer they can’t refuse.
    0:17:13 We need to make that.
    0:17:15 We need to basically overpay the top hundred.
    0:17:24 And, you know, the thing is with the top hundred, even if they’re making $5 million a year and you’re offering them 3x that, 4x that, whatever it is.
    0:17:27 Okay, you’d need $500 million to do this.
    0:17:30 And they need to say yes, which is hard.
    0:17:35 But if you had $500 million, you could create a platform that’s going to be worth $5 billion.
    0:17:38 Like, it’s not that much more complicated.
    0:17:40 Like, once you have the streamers, you’ve got the hard part.
    0:17:41 You could build all the other stuff.
    0:17:41 You could build the chat.
    0:17:42 You could build the streaming technology.
    0:17:44 You could build the bits.
    0:17:45 You could build the subscription feature.
    0:17:46 You could build all the other stuff you would need to build.
    0:17:49 But you’d have to get the main creators to come over.
    0:17:51 You have to have the sentiment be, this is where you need to be, not Twitch.
    0:17:53 Really, that’s the really, really hard part.
    0:17:58 And so we were like, I don’t know, that’s kind of a crazy idea.
    0:17:58 We didn’t end up doing it.
    0:18:04 When we got acquired, Emmett takes me out to drinks the night the deal closes.
    0:18:06 And we go meet in this bar in the mission and we’re talking.
    0:18:10 And I was like, yeah, like, you know, it’s kind of like you could put your cards on the table now.
    0:18:11 The deal’s done.
    0:18:14 And I was like, yeah, you know, actually, we were talking about something.
    0:18:19 I said, you know, one of the things that I thought about doing was I realized, like, you know, we did the math.
    0:18:20 We realized these streamers matter the most.
    0:18:25 If we paid them this much, I think we could have got them, you know, 70% of them maybe to come over.
    0:18:27 And like that could have caused like some waves.
    0:18:30 And he’s like, yeah, actually, we’ve thought about that.
    0:18:38 So what we had done was we, we made it so that none of their, all their, they’re on contracts with us, unlike YouTube.
    0:18:42 So like on Twitch, they actually have like multi-year agreements with Twitch.
    0:18:45 And he goes, we just made it so that they don’t expire at the same time.
    0:18:57 So we always aligned it where for the top streamers, they’re all ending at different times so that nobody would ever feel safety in numbers to move to another platform as a giant group because they could never get their contracts to align.
    0:19:03 Yeah, actually, I think in reality, that actually wasn’t the case.
    0:19:08 And in truth, the streamers just could have like moved over and there’s nothing Twitch could have done about it.
    0:19:11 Like the contract wasn’t, you have to stream here.
    0:19:14 The contract was, you only get this deal if you stream here.
    0:19:19 Meaning like you get this ratio, this, maybe the split or this minimum guarantee, whatever, right?
    0:19:25 But like the reality was if Twitch went and started suing streamers, that would have been horrible for their own business.
    0:19:30 They would never do it, which is why multiple streamers did take money from Mixer and Kick and others.
    0:19:32 And they left and Twitch didn’t do anything about it.
    0:19:38 So like the reality was a more high agency version of me, you could have actually tried it.
    0:19:43 And it would have been, probably would have been more worthwhile my time than what we did with the tool because the tool never had the upside.
    0:19:51 Alright, my friends, I have exciting news for that business idea that’s been sitting in your notes app.
    0:19:58 The Hustle, which is my old company, has partnered with IndieHackers, one of my favorite websites, to launch a pitch competition.
    0:20:00 It’s called The Hustle’s Big Break.
    0:20:03 And it’s a pitch competition with a simple premise.
    0:20:09 You tell us your business idea in 60 seconds or less, and the winner gets $5,000 to turn it into a reality.
    0:20:10 Here’s how it works.
    0:20:13 Record a 60-second video pitch of your business idea.
    0:20:16 Include your business name, description, revenue model, and tagline.
    0:20:20 And finally, submit it at thehustle.co slash bigbreak.
    0:20:23 And it all has to be done by April 4th.
    0:20:26 The winner gets $5,000 in cash to kickstart their business journey.
    0:20:32 Plus, we’re going to feature them in The Hustle’s daily newsletter, which is read by around a million and a half people.
    0:20:35 And these are the smartest business and tech folks out there.
    0:20:37 The winner will be announced on April 11th.
    0:20:43 So again, if you have a business idea, go to thehustle.co slash bigbreak.
    0:20:44 All right, back to the pot.
    0:20:48 This is a great story.
    0:20:50 I want to know the update.
    0:20:51 I want to know what happened.
    0:20:52 And how did you know how much money he made?
    0:20:54 I told you.
    0:20:55 My guy on Beehive.
    0:20:57 He basically went to their…
    0:21:02 Rene’s LLC or whatever, the equivalent of an LLC, is on Companies House.
    0:21:05 And you can see that $280 million hit the bank in a certain year.
    0:21:07 They had to report that.
    0:21:08 And so he kind of did all the math.
    0:21:10 And he also had their cap table, like their waterfall.
    0:21:15 So it was actually kind of nerdy and interesting in that the way they structured the deal was basically with investors.
    0:21:23 The founders who were doing the roll-up were basically entitled to somewhere between 22% to 28% of all proceeds of the roll-up.
    0:21:24 All right?
    0:21:26 So that was like their profit participation at the end.
    0:21:29 So whatever we sell this for, we get between 22% to 28%.
    0:21:30 Investors are going to get the rest.
    0:21:32 Wait, that’s insane.
    0:21:33 That’s different than equity?
    0:21:41 No, it’s like equity, but it’s basically like, you know, you have equity, but then you have, let’s say, preferred equity, right?
    0:21:43 Or you have like liquidation preferences.
    0:21:44 You can have rules.
    0:21:45 You can have strings attached to equity.
    0:21:45 So for example…
    0:21:46 Wow, I did not know that.
    0:21:48 What they did…
    0:21:48 You did.
    0:21:49 Because in venture, this happens all the time, right?
    0:21:51 When a company raised money, they rated preferred shares.
    0:21:53 Preferred shares mean they get their money back first.
    0:21:56 So even if I own 25%, I don’t necessarily get 25%.
    0:21:56 I might get zero.
    0:21:59 Yeah, I guess I just assumed if this is a PE firm, the rules are different.
    0:22:03 And like, it was like, for example, it was like tied to the carry or something like that.
    0:22:09 So what they did was, it was based on the multiple of the invested capital, the MOIC, right?
    0:22:13 So it’s like, if it was under 3x return, so they raised 400 million.
    0:22:18 If it was going to be an under 3x return, they were going to get like only 9% of the proceeds
    0:22:19 or something like that, like a lower percent.
    0:22:19 Got it.
    0:22:22 But they hit 10x, right?
    0:22:25 So they hit the highest tranche, which was basically they got their 10% of sweat equity
    0:22:28 plus 11% of profit participation.
    0:22:29 So they got like 22% or something.
    0:22:31 Did they use any of their own money to start this?
    0:22:34 I think Rene was an investor, but I don’t know how much.
    0:22:36 Yeah, this guy’s great.
    0:22:37 That’s a good story.
    0:22:40 I have a life update for you.
    0:22:41 Okay, let’s do it.
    0:22:45 And I wanted to share because I think it’s fun.
    0:22:48 But I also think that there’s a lot of people who can learn from the situation that I’m in
    0:22:49 because I think they’re in similar situations.
    0:22:54 So the life update is my partner, Joe, and I, we are now the CEOs of my company, Hampton.
    0:22:59 And the life update is basically I’m going like pretty much all in on it.
    0:23:04 And I wanted to explain a quote that I read that made me want to do this.
    0:23:07 So we like, or at least I like Palmer Luckey.
    0:23:08 Do you like Palmer Luckey?
    0:23:09 Yeah, sure.
    0:23:10 Why not?
    0:23:14 Palmer Luckey, we had him on the pod like three years ago, two years ago.
    0:23:16 And I’ve been just fascinated with his way of thinking.
    0:23:20 And he had this interview come out.
    0:23:21 I linked to it on the bottom of our document.
    0:23:24 It was with Tablet Magazine.
    0:23:29 And I think he came out with this in 22, maybe.
    0:23:30 And I want to read it to you.
    0:23:33 So Palmer Luckey is the CEO of Andrel.
    0:23:36 It’s a 13 or $20 billion company, something like that.
    0:23:37 Also created Oculus.
    0:23:43 So he said, at some point in business and in life and in romance, you have to commit
    0:23:44 to a path.
    0:23:47 A lot of my peers in the tech industry do not share this philosophy.
    0:23:50 They’re always pursuing everything with optionality.
    0:23:53 Oh, I need to be able to raise money from anybody.
    0:23:55 I need to be able to sell my business in any way.
    0:23:56 I need to have liquidity in any way.
    0:24:00 I need to make sure that I’m not closing myself off to future romantic partners.
    0:24:03 I need to make sure that I’ve got my options open.
    0:24:08 I need to make sure that I’m not going to buy a house and lock myself in or having children.
    0:24:08 I don’t know.
    0:24:09 I’m not ready.
    0:24:10 I don’t want to commit to that path.
    0:24:16 And keeping their options open, they ensure that they’re going to jump from option to option.
    0:24:19 And if they don’t commit to a path, they’re going to fail at it.
    0:24:21 You have to commit to make it work.
    0:24:23 And I think marriage is the same way.
    0:24:24 You just have to commit to it.
    0:24:27 You have to say, this is the path that I’m on for better or worse.
    0:24:28 And I’m going to double down.
    0:24:33 And I thought, that is a great quote.
    0:24:36 That really stuck with me when I read this.
    0:24:41 And I realized that with my business, Hampton, I had hired a CEO for it.
    0:24:43 And so I wasn’t able to like really…
    0:24:44 From day one, right?
    0:24:45 I think that’s the important thing.
    0:24:46 Day, month eight.
    0:24:49 So I got it to a million in revenue.
    0:24:53 He scaled it to eight figures in revenue.
    0:24:55 And then I am now taking over.
    0:25:02 But because of that, I wasn’t able to put my influence on it.
    0:25:03 You have to respect your CEO.
    0:25:05 You have to respect the manager in charge.
    0:25:07 And I hated that.
    0:25:08 I was not a fan of that.
    0:25:12 And I think that on this podcast, we talk a lot about that.
    0:25:13 And it sounds cool.
    0:25:15 And I’m sure it’s great for a lot of people.
    0:25:16 But it wasn’t great for me.
    0:25:21 And the reason I wanted to bring this up on the pod was because a lot of people you see doing this.
    0:25:25 They called it like a holding company or whatever, where they’re like doing lots of different stuff.
    0:25:26 Because we glamorize it.
    0:25:30 Because if it works, I’m sure it’s great if that is your main thing.
    0:25:33 And I was starting to think, oh, that would be great.
    0:25:34 I would like to do that.
    0:25:36 I realized I don’t want to do that.
    0:25:37 I just want to do one thing.
    0:25:39 And this quote really inspired me.
    0:25:40 That’s really what I care about.
    0:25:43 Now, let me ask you a couple questions.
    0:25:45 You weren’t doing a holding company, though, right?
    0:25:47 You were just doing Hampton already.
    0:25:47 Yeah.
    0:25:58 So why the switch where you go from being founder, chairman type person to I want to be the CEO or actually co-CEO, not even be the CEO?
    0:25:59 Why that?
    0:26:04 I realized that I wanted to have full control because I wanted this to be a legacy.
    0:26:08 I wanted to just put my texture on it.
    0:26:13 But also, when I realized I hate remote work, I hate it more than anything.
    0:26:19 And I wanted to create an office where I live, an office culture, because those are some of the greatest memories that I have.
    0:26:24 You and I used to work across the street from each other at the corner of Bush and Montgomery, right?
    0:26:25 Was it Bush and Montgomery?
    0:26:25 Yeah.
    0:26:27 I loved that intersection.
    0:26:34 Just walking out and seeing the action and seeing my employees upstairs and be able to just like go for lunch and just like, like shooting the shit during breaks.
    0:26:35 I loved it.
    0:26:42 And I just felt that this was a really good way to make all of my selfish wants come to reality.
    0:26:42 Right.
    0:26:44 Yeah, that’s great.
    0:26:48 You know, I think that a lot of people are probably feeling this right now because everybody went remote during COVID.
    0:26:55 And now we’re, what, two, three years into that, that full remote decision.
    0:26:57 And at first, you have the honeymoon period of remote.
    0:26:58 Ah, look at this.
    0:26:59 I don’t have to commute.
    0:27:01 I don’t have to even get dressed.
    0:27:02 I don’t got to wear pants.
    0:27:03 I just got to top up.
    0:27:04 Here we go.
    0:27:06 You know, oh, this is great.
    0:27:07 I can see my kids.
    0:27:11 And then you’re like, God, I can’t get away from my kids.
    0:27:14 I haven’t left the house in weeks, you know, or whatever, right?
    0:27:19 Like you start to see some of the consequences of the negative side of those decisions.
    0:27:29 And I think the biggest one for you and me, at least I felt this, is I miss just being creative and serendipitous with my team.
    0:27:32 So it’s like, A, have a team, right?
    0:27:37 And B, be able to just whiteboard, sticky note, go for a walk, go for lunch.
    0:27:39 Like I brought Diego out here.
    0:27:41 So Diego was living on the other side of the country.
    0:27:42 He was living on the East Coast in Baltimore.
    0:27:44 How long has it been now?
    0:27:48 Diego’s been out here for a couple months, two, three months, something like that.
    0:27:49 How has your life changed?
    0:27:50 For the better, dude, way better.
    0:27:53 First of all, I get to kind of still do basically what I do.
    0:27:56 But now I just have a buddy to do all of it with, right?
    0:28:01 So it’s like, I kept the same schedule where it’s like, in the morning, he comes over.
    0:28:03 The first two hours of my day are like my creative block, right?
    0:28:06 Where it’s just, I don’t do anything else.
    0:28:09 I just write or I podcast or I, you know, read.
    0:28:11 I only do something on the creative side.
    0:28:13 It’s like a creative gym session.
    0:28:14 It’s like going to the gym, but for creativity.
    0:28:15 All right.
    0:28:15 So we do that.
    0:28:16 Well, we do that together now.
    0:28:16 It’s great.
    0:28:19 And then my trainer comes over.
    0:28:19 We work out together.
    0:28:21 He’s working out with my trainer now.
    0:28:21 So it’s great.
    0:28:22 Yeah.
    0:28:23 You know, we do a hard workout.
    0:28:25 Then we go grab tacos.
    0:28:26 And while we’re grabbing tacos.
    0:28:27 Dude, you guys are like a prison gang, man.
    0:28:29 That sounds exactly like a prison gang.
    0:28:29 You wake up.
    0:28:31 Yeah, we just need some enemies, dude.
    0:28:31 Yeah.
    0:28:34 The problem is only there’s just like old retired people around us.
    0:28:35 But if they, you know.
    0:28:36 Dude, go start a beef.
    0:28:39 Actually, I do have some neighborly beef.
    0:28:41 I could, I could actually just double down on that.
    0:28:42 Now that I think about it.
    0:28:42 Yeah.
    0:28:45 My trash can’t get blown into your yard.
    0:28:45 I’m sorry.
    0:28:47 I don’t control the wind.
    0:28:49 So, but then we go.
    0:28:51 And what I told him, I’ll go, notice this, dude.
    0:28:55 Of our best ideas, how many of them have come while we were at this taco shop?
    0:28:59 Because there’s something in the creative process to like the bounce, as they used to call it,
    0:29:00 the pickup artist game.
    0:29:03 And in the book, the game, they talk about this technique called the bounce.
    0:29:05 It’s like you’re at the club or bar, you meet someone.
    0:29:09 If you really want to like accelerate your connection with that person, don’t just stay
    0:29:10 there for another hour with them.
    0:29:13 Just be like, Hey, let’s go grab a bite to eat.
    0:29:14 I know a great place.
    0:29:17 And if you leave, if you do the same, the same hour with that person, but in two different
    0:29:19 places, connection goes up.
    0:29:23 Well, there’s a, something like that with creativity where we’re working on a problem here.
    0:29:26 We end up getting, you know, like slightly stuck, or we come up with what we think is
    0:29:29 a solution, but in our gut, we’re like, that doesn’t seem great.
    0:29:30 Oh, let’s take a break.
    0:29:31 Let’s go for a walk.
    0:29:34 So we walk or bike to a taco place at the taco place.
    0:29:36 It’s always, that’s where the idea comes.
    0:29:38 Once we’ve taken our mind off it, once we’ve changed the environment.
    0:29:41 And I was like, dude, notice how many, how often that happens.
    0:29:46 If we were just remote, none of that would have happened because I would have gotten off
    0:29:47 the zoom with you.
    0:29:48 And then I would have gone to take a break.
    0:29:49 You would have gone to take a break.
    0:29:51 I wouldn’t be like, Hey, let’s just leave our phones on.
    0:29:54 Like it would have just been like a little bit weird to do that.
    0:29:57 And we would not have had, you know, those next ideas.
    0:30:00 And if you’re in the creative line of work, those ideas are gold.
    0:30:02 Those ideas is what you’re in it for.
    0:30:03 Right.
    0:30:03 Right.
    0:30:07 Like, unless you’re in a like factory type of work where it’s all about productivity,
    0:30:11 um, you know, for us, creativity is the pro is productivity.
    0:30:12 It is the new productivity.
    0:30:16 And so we need to set up a situation that lets us be more creative, which being in person
    0:30:18 was, was pretty massive for that.
    0:30:19 Yeah.
    0:30:19 It’s funny.
    0:30:21 We’re both craving the same stuff.
    0:30:25 And I think that a lot of people are, um, and I, yeah.
    0:30:31 And so like, I went and looked at apartments this weekend and, um, I, uh, we have our, I
    0:30:32 I think my lease starts May one.
    0:30:36 Uh, and so I’m going all in on this, uh, this in real life stuff.
    0:30:39 Like I needed an office or you’re going to like split.
    0:30:41 I don’t know yet.
    0:30:42 I’m still working out logistics.
    0:30:44 I went and looked at this apartment building.
    0:30:47 Do you, have you ever been to like, I don’t know if this is happening in San Francisco.
    0:30:52 So the new thing in New York is that there’s these apartment buildings and it took me a
    0:30:54 long time to realize what they are, but I I’ve nailed it.
    0:30:55 They’re cruise ships.
    0:30:58 And so basically what they are is they’re really cheap.
    0:31:04 I mean, they’re super expensive, but the build quality is like kind of crap, like all like
    0:31:07 basic builder quality, uh, apartment units.
    0:31:11 But then the actual lobby has a bowling alley.
    0:31:12 Oh, like the amenities are amazing.
    0:31:12 Yeah.
    0:31:13 Yeah.
    0:31:14 Like a rock climbing gym.
    0:31:15 And it’s like all like in the basement.
    0:31:18 And then it has like the best gym you’ve ever seen in the world.
    0:31:21 And then it has like a playroom, a golf simulator.
    0:31:27 It’s basically built to be sort of like a mall where like it’s built for like, uh, the 35
    0:31:31 year old, three, two kid, uh, all under eight type of like families.
    0:31:33 And so I went and looked at like an apartment like that.
    0:31:37 And I was like sitting in that apartment building and I’m like, I don’t know if I go to bed here
    0:31:41 at night and these like tight ass walls, like hearing like honking in the city.
    0:31:45 And so I haven’t decided if I can like put up with that and I’d rather commute, but potentially
    0:31:46 I would move to the city.
    0:31:47 I like, here’s what I did.
    0:31:49 I sat down and I was like, what’s my dream day?
    0:31:54 Well, my dream day is I get up at seven, I go and work out and then I get coffee with
    0:31:58 like Austin reef who lives next to my in-laws or I would get coffee at my in-laws and then
    0:31:59 I’d go to work at nine 30.
    0:32:03 And then my wife would like show up at the office to do some work.
    0:32:05 And then we’re both home at five to have dinner.
    0:32:09 And that’s like, and then maybe at like seven or eight, after the kids go to bed, I would
    0:32:09 go for a walk outside.
    0:32:10 I’m like, that’s the perfect day.
    0:32:11 All right.
    0:32:12 How can I create that?
    0:32:16 And so I’m still working backwards on how, how could I create that?
    0:32:20 The problem is I forgot about going to bed at night and how I need a huge ceiling because
    0:32:25 I get claustrophobic and that’s going to cost $60,000 a month because New York City is like
    0:32:28 the craziest place in the world when it comes to renting an apartment.
    0:32:31 And so I’m still trying to figure out, you know, some of those logistical details on how
    0:32:33 on earth, like I could pull off this.
    0:32:37 It was like super relatable with like walking and doing whatever until you’re like, but I
    0:32:39 need 16 foot ceilings to sleep.
    0:32:44 No, I just like at your house, like you’re like a lot of apartment ceilings are eight feet
    0:32:44 tall.
    0:32:45 And it like, I don’t know.
    0:32:46 You feel like claustrophobic, dude.
    0:32:49 The rent in New York City is outlandish.
    0:32:55 So when we were younger, uh, do you remember like the idea of when we were 25, I think I
    0:32:59 spent like $800 a month, a $10,000 a month apartment nowadays in New York City.
    0:33:00 It’s not nice.
    0:33:02 It’s like a shit two bedroom.
    0:33:05 Uh, it’s crazy how expensive, uh, Manhattan is.
    0:33:09 And so I got to like figure out all the logistics, but that’s my spiel.
    0:33:11 I’m going all in and I’m going to go all in on in real life.
    0:33:12 I need it.
    0:33:13 My soul is aching.
    0:33:18 How much were you working on Hampton anyways, hours a week, 40 hours a week?
    0:33:21 Like it was like, Oh, what’s going to change your CEO now?
    0:33:28 Well, I can’t like, like before it was like, well, how can I convince this person that my
    0:33:29 idea is the right way?
    0:33:36 Uh, you know, like it, I was a very respectful boss.
    0:33:40 I felt like, and it was like, but now it’s like, I don’t, I don’t really got to be respectful.
    0:33:41 I’m just going to say like, this is what I want to make.
    0:33:46 Uh, I need you guys to help me make this, uh, type of energy versus before.
    0:33:49 I think I was a little bit more hands-off and I was thinking a lot.
    0:33:50 Now I’m actually operating.
    0:33:51 Yeah.
    0:33:53 What?
    0:33:55 Oh, no, that’s just funny.
    0:34:00 Like, I feel like, uh, I was just reflecting, like, you know, you, I think Andrew has a good
    0:34:00 gift to this.
    0:34:03 I do this too, which is like, we tell these great stories.
    0:34:06 You’re like, you know, I was reading this article about Palmer Luckey and he said this
    0:34:08 beautiful quote and you have this quote.
    0:34:12 And you’re like, I decided I too need to commit and choose a path, but it’s like, and it’s
    0:34:14 a great way to frame a story like this.
    0:34:15 It’s like the truth.
    0:34:19 I think I’m going to speak for you for a second, but I think the truth, a lot of these situations
    0:34:25 is just like, it’s irritating to be out of like, to not have your hands on and not be in control.
    0:34:28 It’s like, I just like to be in control and do things my way.
    0:34:31 But like, wow, that’s a less fun story to say.
    0:34:32 It’s like, you know what?
    0:34:37 I just really feel like we all chase optionality and we’re better off to commit and really just
    0:34:38 No, that is the truth.
    0:34:43 And it’s like, I think it’s the truth, but I don’t think that’s why you’re the CEO now.
    0:34:45 No, usually, usually discovery.
    0:34:46 Because you read this Palmer Luckey quote.
    0:34:50 No, usually discovery for me, and I bet it’s for you and for many other people is you feel
    0:34:53 a certain way and you’re like, this freaking sucks.
    0:34:54 And somebody puts words on it.
    0:34:58 And then someone puts words on it and you’re like, oh, that’s like normal to feel or this
    0:34:59 person said this.
    0:35:02 I guess what I’m saying is you weren’t choosing multiple options.
    0:35:04 You just weren’t in control.
    0:35:07 The quote that Palmer Luckey should have said is like, if you’re the founder,
    0:35:11 put your fucking DNA in the company and just go like, be hands on, be a micromanager,
    0:35:12 but go in there.
    0:35:12 Do it.
    0:35:13 I was going easy.
    0:35:15 I was in like the dad phase.
    0:35:20 So like, it was like, uh, like I want it to be available at like noon.
    0:35:25 Now I’m, now I’m more so like, look, I can be there in the morning and in the evening.
    0:35:30 And I think that’s, I’m still being a good dad before it was like, uh, I have to have
    0:35:32 X amount of hours of FaceTime.
    0:35:34 Now I’m out of the honeymoon phase of being a dad.
    0:35:37 And I’m like, look, I could like be with you for breakfast and be with you for dinner.
    0:35:39 And I think I could still be a good father.
    0:35:41 And so that was partial it, partially it.
    0:35:42 Gotcha.
    0:35:43 Yeah.
    0:35:48 I, uh, I was talking to somebody and, uh, recently and they were like, you know, I just want to
    0:35:50 like, I’m working, I’m working hard on this.
    0:35:52 They’re like chasing some projects, some deal.
    0:35:56 And I was like, why are you doing this?
    0:35:58 You’re so like, you’ve done so many deals.
    0:35:59 You’re, you’re post-economic.
    0:36:00 You’ve made so much money.
    0:36:02 Why go so hard at this?
    0:36:06 And they were like, I just really want my kids to see what the, you know, their dad working.
    0:36:10 And I was like, I don’t, I don’t even think he was lying.
    0:36:12 I think he genuinely believes that, but I’m like, dude, you’re doing this deal because
    0:36:13 you like doing deals.
    0:36:14 That’s all you’ve done.
    0:36:15 You, you’ve done deals for 30 years.
    0:36:17 You’re amazing at doing deals.
    0:36:18 It’s a rush to do a great deal.
    0:36:19 It’s fun to win.
    0:36:22 It’s fun to dunk the basketball and you’re trying to dunk.
    0:36:26 And you don’t have to be like, I just want my kids to see a hardworking dad.
    0:36:27 It’s like, dude, you’re sitting on your laptop, sending emails.
    0:36:31 It’s like, it’s not like they see your, their dad, you know, sweating it out in the
    0:36:31 soul.
    0:36:32 You’re not chopping down wood, dude.
    0:36:36 So I was like, but people tell themselves all kinds of stories.
    0:36:39 And I just find it hilarious because of course I do the same thing, but when you see it
    0:36:43 in other people, it’s much more easy to spot like, oh, you’ve told yourself a story.
    0:36:43 That’s cool.
    0:36:44 Like that makes, it’s fine.
    0:36:47 Whatever, whatever gets you to do the things you want to do is fine.
    0:36:53 New York City founders, if you’ve listened to my first million before, you know, I’ve got
    0:36:57 this company called Hampton and Hampton is a community for founders and CEOs.
    0:37:01 A lot of the stories and ideas that I get for this podcast, I actually got it from people
    0:37:02 who I met in Hampton.
    0:37:05 We have this big community of a thousand plus people and it’s amazing.
    0:37:09 But the main part is this eight person core group that becomes your board of advisors
    0:37:11 for your life and for your business.
    0:37:19 Now to the folks in New York City, I’m building a in real life core group in New York City.
    0:37:23 And so if you meet one of the following criteria, your business either does 3 million in revenue
    0:37:28 or you’ve raised 3 million in funding, or you’ve started and sold a company for at least $10
    0:37:30 million, then you are eligible to apply.
    0:37:33 So go to joinhampton.com and apply.
    0:37:36 I’m going to be reviewing all of the applications myself.
    0:37:38 So put that you heard about this on MFM.
    0:37:40 So I know to give you a little extra love.
    0:37:41 Now back to the show.
    0:37:45 Would you want your children to work with you?
    0:37:47 Is that even in your wants?
    0:37:51 I would, I would think that would be really fun or cool to do.
    0:37:55 I worked with my dad for about a year and it was actually a lot of fun, much more fun.
    0:37:59 Like working with my dad was more fun than just like hanging out with my dad and not working.
    0:38:00 You know what I mean?
    0:38:02 Like it was actually like a better dynamic.
    0:38:03 It was a cooler dynamic.
    0:38:03 I learned more that way.
    0:38:07 And I saw him differently and he acted differently in work mode versus he did in home mode.
    0:38:08 So it was kind of cool.
    0:38:12 So I think it would be really fun, but it’s not something I’m like trying to gear up.
    0:38:14 You know, I think I’ve told you this before.
    0:38:20 Like my new sort of dad ideal is Ben’s dad.
    0:38:23 So Ben’s dad, Andy, he, he did a very simple thing.
    0:38:27 That’s going to sound like, it’s going to sound like nothing, but I personally think it was
    0:38:33 quite profound, which is the way I initially was trying to be a dad and how other people
    0:38:35 are dads is you have things that you’re into.
    0:38:38 I love basketball and I keep trying to buy little basketballs and like put them near my
    0:38:39 son.
    0:38:41 I buy the hoop and I like take them to a class.
    0:38:43 I’m like really trying to get them into basketball.
    0:38:46 Cause like, Oh man, I really just want him to like, love the things that I love.
    0:38:47 And then we could share that.
    0:38:48 We could bond over that.
    0:38:52 Whereas his dad was like, he’s like, what’s that type of blood?
    0:38:54 That’s like, uh, it’s the universal donor.
    0:38:57 It looks like O negative or something like that.
    0:38:57 He’s O negative.
    0:39:00 So he’s like, he’s got one son who’s into standup comedy.
    0:39:01 So he’s like, great.
    0:39:03 I’m now into standup comedy yesterday.
    0:39:04 I knew nothing.
    0:39:05 Didn’t care today.
    0:39:09 Everything I do is eat, sleep and breathe standup comedy, bought books, watch videos,
    0:39:13 goes to shows by himself, starts practicing himself, starts giving his son feedback on every
    0:39:16 single thing that he’s doing in a helpful, supportive way, making connections, whatever,
    0:39:17 whatever he could do.
    0:39:19 He’s like, I’ll meet you where you’re at.
    0:39:22 And, um, Ben loves the Phoenix suns.
    0:39:22 Guess what?
    0:39:27 Andy now watches every Phoenix suns game is a hardcore fan is always talking about the suns.
    0:39:29 Cause he’s like, I’ll meet you where you’re at.
    0:39:32 If that’s what you’re into, I will get so into it that we can bond over that.
    0:39:37 And I just thought that was like a really selfless kind of amazing thing he did.
    0:39:39 And I just hadn’t seen a lot of dads do that.
    0:39:43 I think my instinct and many dads instincts is just to try to get them to like the shit we
    0:39:44 like, and then they don’t.
    0:39:48 And then we’re like, all right, like I support you, but like at an arm’s length.
    0:39:51 And I just thought it was much cooler to go all in on what your kids are into.
    0:39:55 So I hope, and I’ll expose my kids to like business and like, I’ll be totally open to
    0:39:56 them working with me.
    0:40:02 But I really want to do the Andy thing, which is if they’re into whatever musicals, then
    0:40:05 do re mi, you know what I mean?
    0:40:08 That’s awesome.
    0:40:11 That, that almost makes me emotional here about Ben’s dad.
    0:40:12 What a, what a great dude.
    0:40:13 He really is.
    0:40:15 Do you want to end there or do you want to keep going?
    0:40:17 I have a, I have one quick one.
    0:40:18 This is actually kind of cool.
    0:40:19 This guy, Josh on Twitter.
    0:40:22 So Joshua Ogundu, uh, tweeted this out.
    0:40:23 It was a cool find.
    0:40:27 So he tweeted out about this company called Shotzi.
    0:40:28 Have you ever heard of Shotzi?
    0:40:30 It’s an app.
    0:40:31 No.
    0:40:32 Yeah.
    0:40:33 Didn’t we talk about Shotzi?
    0:40:34 No.
    0:40:39 So Shotzi is an app for tracking your Ozempic injections.
    0:40:40 Oh, that is funny.
    0:40:43 And it just crossed a million in ARR.
    0:40:46 And all it does is it basically is a, it’s a shot tracker.
    0:40:48 So, you know, it’s, I guess, I don’t know.
    0:40:53 Maybe you can tell me, like, I guess it’s somewhat cumbersome to keep track of maybe, I don’t know
    0:40:59 if it’s when you did it, how much your dosages, a reminder, it’s time for your next shot.
    0:41:02 By the way, how about that little jab of, uh, I don’t know.
    0:41:04 Maybe you could tell me, like, how do people use this app?
    0:41:05 You’ve talked about you too.
    0:41:06 I know, I’m joking.
    0:41:10 With Ozempic, you have to increase the dosage a lot.
    0:41:11 So let’s say you start with, like, 5 ml.
    0:41:16 After two weeks, you have to go to 7, and then you have to go to, like, 10.
    0:41:17 And it’s not, like, incremental.
    0:41:18 So you…
    0:41:20 So when you hear this idea, were you like, yeah, that was a pain point?
    0:41:22 Or for you, was it like, nah, I don’t really see it?
    0:41:25 I didn’t take it enough to be a pain point, but it’s very clear.
    0:41:29 It’s just sort of like, imagine taking vitamins and, like, you have to add a pill.
    0:41:31 Every two to three to four months.
    0:41:35 And it’s like, it just, it is easier to track if you want to follow it by the book.
    0:41:38 I’m more of a, like, eyeball and see how I feel type of guy.
    0:41:41 Look in the mirror.
    0:41:43 Yeah, like, do we want to party today or not?
    0:41:46 That’s like, you know, that’s kind of…
    0:41:48 They call it vibe coding.
    0:41:49 I was a Vibos epic guy.
    0:41:50 It was just, how do I feel that day?
    0:41:55 Yeah, so the woman who made this, I think her name’s Aja.
    0:41:58 She was an engineer at The Athletic.
    0:42:00 Like, a software engineer at the media company, The Athletic.
    0:42:04 And I guess on the side, she just built this, like, for her own pain point.
    0:42:07 And then I think it took off in, like, the Reddit communities.
    0:42:10 And just off of Reddit and then some TikToks about it,
    0:42:13 it’s gotten downloaded, like, 100,000 times.
    0:42:15 It’s got this paid subscription, crossed a million in ARR.
    0:42:16 What?
    0:42:18 Niches and Riches, man.
    0:42:20 Like, this is Riches and Niches.
    0:42:24 This is, like, just such a simple, just problem solution app, right?
    0:42:29 That somebody realized, okay, if Ozempic is the next big thing, right?
    0:42:31 If these GLP-1s are the next big thing,
    0:42:32 I don’t know how many people take them.
    0:42:34 I think it’s, like, 40 million people or some, like,
    0:42:38 really big number of people who now all are on some schedule
    0:42:43 and realizing that you could build an app just for that population is a smart idea.
    0:42:46 Have you seen, like, the Oscars and the Grammys and things like that?
    0:42:47 Like, everyone looks great.
    0:42:51 Luka Doncic is losing weight quickly.
    0:42:56 Is it, is, uh, are they illegal in sports?
    0:42:57 I don’t think so, no.
    0:43:01 Ah, I mean, it’s kind of a, kind of like a, it definitely is like…
    0:43:02 You lose, like, muscle mass, right?
    0:43:05 So I don’t think athletes would really care too much about this.
    0:43:11 You cannot lose, you, I’m not a scientist, but you, obviously, you can,
    0:43:15 if you eat enough protein and you lift weights, I think you can maintain.
    0:43:17 It basically just makes you not eat.
    0:43:22 So if you can say, like, yeah, but I’m going to eat and I’m going to hit my protein
    0:43:24 and I’m going to lift weights even though I don’t want to eat today.
    0:43:27 Yeah, you could, you could keep protein.
    0:43:29 It’s just, you don’t want to eat.
    0:43:29 You’re full.
    0:43:31 Let me ask you a random question.
    0:43:36 Um, I was watching this video today about somebody was speculating, uh, that LeBron,
    0:43:38 uh, LeBron does like whatever.
    0:43:41 I saw the Lance Armstrong thing about it.
    0:43:42 So Lance Armstrong was talking about it.
    0:43:44 Chael Sonnen has talked about it.
    0:43:45 Chael’s like, yeah, we have the same drug guy.
    0:43:45 I know.
    0:43:46 I know what he’s taking.
    0:43:47 I’m not going to say, but I know what he’s taking.
    0:43:49 But Chael’s also like a professional troll.
    0:43:52 So you don’t know when he’s being facetious or truthful.
    0:43:58 Yeah, but also did use, uh, you know, performance agency drugs when he competed and he was basically
    0:44:02 like, he’s on EPO and like, you know, you would take, if you were, if you wanted to do what
    0:44:08 he’s doing, if you wanted to be doing tomahawk dunks at age 40 in the NBA, uh, like, you know,
    0:44:12 playing 30 minutes a game and averaging 27 points or whatever, like you would do this.
    0:44:16 And, uh, and I, I actually just was thinking about this in like the world of business.
    0:44:23 Um, is there PEDs at business and like, how would you feel about, uh, people doing that?
    0:44:25 Have you ever taken Adderall or Ritalin?
    0:44:30 I’ve never taken it, but I know I have several friends that do it, uh, to, to focus, to be
    0:44:31 more productive.
    0:44:36 I don’t do any, I don’t do any drugs, but 10 years ago, before I got sober, I, for some
    0:44:38 reason, a doctor gave me a Ritalin prescription.
    0:44:43 I have no idea why I don’t remember how, what, what happened, but I got it and I took it for
    0:44:45 about four days.
    0:44:48 And on the fifth day I had like a mental breakdown and made me too speedy.
    0:44:50 I was like, I made me anxious.
    0:44:51 I’m like, I’m going crazy.
    0:44:51 This is horrible.
    0:44:53 And I was like, I’m never taking this crap again.
    0:44:56 But those four days I was on fire.
    0:45:02 Uh, I was like laser focus and it, I felt on top of the world.
    0:45:09 And so obviously a lot of people take this and I would not feel bad if my competitor took
    0:45:09 it.
    0:45:10 Is that what you’re asking?
    0:45:16 I just, I don’t know, like in sports, it’s definitely seen as, I think for most people
    0:45:21 when they would hear about an athlete doping or cheating, it’d be literally like you’re cheating
    0:45:22 and it’s a tainted record.
    0:45:23 Right.
    0:45:26 But I think, I think those drugs should be legal in sports a little bit.
    0:45:27 Do you think that?
    0:45:31 So, so you would, you think in, in business, you, I guess there’s two questions.
    0:45:33 Do you think a lot of people are taking this type of stuff?
    0:45:36 I remember Sam Bankman-Fried had the, like the patch.
    0:45:38 I think a huge amount of people are taking it.
    0:45:41 Dude, I think there was a joke on Reddit.
    0:45:46 There was a guy who was like, I’m naming my daughter Vyvanse because I love this drug so
    0:45:46 much.
    0:45:51 Uh, yeah, I think there’s a, yeah, I think everyone, I think if you’re under the age
    0:45:53 of 30, I would assume that you’re taking it.
    0:45:55 Oh, wow.
    0:45:56 That’s great.
    0:45:57 That’s, you think it’s that popular?
    0:45:58 Yeah.
    0:46:03 I think that I am now a very wholesome, straight edge person.
    0:46:04 And I think you have always been that way.
    0:46:06 So I think perhaps we don’t.
    0:46:07 I’m just naive, dude.
    0:46:09 I didn’t even like, nobody, nobody offered me any.
    0:46:10 I didn’t, I didn’t get any.
    0:46:12 It’s not like I’m like morally superior.
    0:46:13 I just didn’t even know.
    0:46:16 No, I’m not, I’m not saying that it’s morally superior to be this way.
    0:46:20 I just think that you and I have never, well, uh, since I’ve known you, I have never partied
    0:46:24 and you have never partied or at least been part of like the drug or alcohol scene really.
    0:46:29 And I do think most people, uh, it’s like getting weed, you know, like, oh, like I can’t sleep.
    0:46:31 But the doctor’s like, gotcha.
    0:46:32 I understand.
    0:46:33 Do you know what I mean?
    0:46:36 Like waking, like, yeah, that’s how I think it is.
    0:46:41 The closest thing I have to that is like calling my dog a service animal so I can like, you
    0:46:42 know, take her into some place.
    0:46:46 Dude, I, so when we were younger, our parents would.
    0:46:50 Like my parents gave me Ritalin because like every boy who couldn’t sit still in fourth
    0:46:54 grade, they were like, oh, you, you, you have an illness, son.
    0:47:00 And we need to keep you from standing up from the chair and like, you know, you, you, you
    0:47:01 have to take this pill.
    0:47:02 And I remember taking the pill in fourth grade.
    0:47:06 And after like a few months, I’m like, I didn’t have like the vocabulary to explain to my mother,
    0:47:09 but I was like, this is making me sad.
    0:47:10 Like something was going on.
    0:47:12 And so she was like, oh, this is crazy.
    0:47:12 What are we doing?
    0:47:14 But I remember taking it.
    0:47:15 It changes you.
    0:47:20 And I do think that when I took it as an adult, it felt like I was on EPO and I was having to
    0:47:21 do the tour to France.
    0:47:25 Like it felt, I’m like, oh, I understand how this is like a, a, a, a, a PED.
    0:47:28 Did you see how Chamath wants to come up?
    0:47:31 Which I don’t really respect a lot of what he says, but do you see how he said he wanted
    0:47:34 to have the, uh, PED free poker?
    0:47:37 Oh yeah.
    0:47:37 Yeah.
    0:47:39 Who’s saying like a no Adderall poker tournament, basically.
    0:47:40 Yeah.
    0:47:40 Yeah.
    0:47:43 Uh, that’s, that’s sort of intriguing.
    0:47:43 That’s it.
    0:47:44 I must just be sleeping on this.
    0:47:49 Like I, I didn’t realize this was as I have a couple of friends who I know they were, they
    0:47:51 told me like, oh yeah, I’m going to stop doing that.
    0:47:52 And I was like, oh, you’ve been doing that.
    0:47:52 What is that?
    0:47:53 Why?
    0:47:53 For what?
    0:47:56 Like, you know, it didn’t even really occur to me.
    0:48:00 I guess as I, as you guys are saying this, I’m realizing that, oh, I’ve probably just
    0:48:01 been foolish about that.
    0:48:02 Yeah.
    0:48:04 It wouldn’t surprise me.
    0:48:04 Okay.
    0:48:06 So like, what do you call the listeners of this pod?
    0:48:10 The yuppie class, like the white collar class or whatever.
    0:48:19 I would bet that 30% of the people between the ages of 22 and 35 who are in this white collar
    0:48:24 or yuppie or Henry class are on ADHD medications.
    0:48:26 That’s my prediction.
    0:48:27 30%.
    0:48:28 It’s a lot, right?
    0:48:31 If you’re on that Addy in the comments, let us know.
    0:48:36 We’re going to pull the YouTube comments right now.
    0:48:39 Natty or Addy.
    0:48:41 I had friends that would buy in the Silk Road.
    0:48:42 Can you even buy it online?
    0:48:44 I guess you don’t even need to buy it online anymore.
    0:48:45 You can just go to your doctor, but.
    0:48:48 There’s probably like an Adderall toothpaste at this point.
    0:48:50 And if not, it’s a great idea.
    0:48:51 Yeah.
    0:48:54 Brush in a rush.
    0:48:54 Let’s go.
    0:48:57 10 out of 10.
    0:48:59 10 out of 10.
    0:49:00 You nailed that one.
    0:49:01 All right.
    0:49:01 That’s it.
    0:49:01 That’s a pop.
    0:49:04 I feel like I can rule the world.
    0:49:06 I know I could be what I want to.
    0:49:09 I put my all in it like my days off.
    0:49:10 On the road, let’s travel.
    0:49:11 Never looking back.
    0:49:19 Hey, Sean here.
    0:49:21 I want to take a minute to tell you a David Ogilvie story.
    0:49:22 One of the great ad men.
    0:49:25 He said, remember, the consumer is not a moron.
    0:49:26 She’s your wife.
    0:49:28 You wouldn’t lie to your own wife.
    0:49:29 So don’t lie to mine.
    0:49:30 And I love that.
    0:49:31 You guys, you’re my family.
    0:49:32 You’re like my wife.
    0:49:33 And I won’t lie to you either.
    0:49:35 So I’ll tell you the truth.
    0:49:40 For every company I own right now, six companies, I use Mercury for all of them.
    0:49:46 So I’m proud to partner with Mercury because I use it for all of my banking needs across my personal account, my business accounts.
    0:49:49 And anytime I start a new company, this is my first move, I go open up a Mercury account.
    0:49:52 I’m very confident in recommending it because I actually use it.
    0:49:53 I’ve used it for years.
    0:49:54 It is the best product on the market.
    0:50:01 So if you want to be like me and 200,000 other ambitious founders, go to mercury.com and apply in minutes.
    0:50:04 And remember, Mercury is a financial technology company, not a bank.
    0:50:09 Banking services provided by Choice Financial Group and Evolve Bank and Trust members, FDIC.
    0:50:10 All right, back to the episode.

    💰 Get the Side Hustle Ideas Database [free]

    Episode 690: Sam Parr ( https://x.com/theSamParr ) and Shaan Puri ( https://x.com/ShaanVP ) tell the story of the smartest YouTube rollup they’ve ever seen. 

    Show Notes: 

    (0:00) $3B of nursery rhymes rollup

    (21:55) Sam goes all-in on IRL

    (36:03) All-in dads

    (38:37) Shotsy

    (41:49) PEDs for business

    Links:

    • CoCoMelon – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlnJ9attCOc 

    • Blippi – https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5PYHgAzJ1wLEidB58SK6Xw 

    • Companies House – https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/companies-house 

    • RollUpEurope – https://rollupeurope.beehiiv.com/ 

    • Shotsy – https://shotsyapp.com/ 

    Check Out Shaan’s Stuff:

    Need to hire? You should use the same service Shaan uses to hire developers, designers, & Virtual Assistants → it’s called Shepherd (tell ‘em Shaan sent you): https://bit.ly/SupportShepherd

    Check Out Sam’s Stuff:

    • Hampton – https://www.joinhampton.com/

    • Ideation Bootcamp – https://www.ideationbootcamp.co/

    • Copy That – https://copythat.com

    • Hampton Wealth Survey – https://joinhampton.com/wealth

    • Sam’s List – http://samslist.co/

    My First Million is a HubSpot Original Podcast // Brought to you by HubSpot Media // Production by Arie Desormeaux // Editing by Ezra Bakker Trupiano

  • #220 Outliers: James Dyson — Against the Odds

    AI transcript
    0:00:06 What I’ve learned from running is that the time to push hard is when you’re hurting like crazy and you want to give up.
    0:00:09 Success is often just around the corner.
    0:00:16 That is an excerpt from James Dyson’s autobiography, Against the Odds, the book and story we’re going to talk about today.
    0:00:35 Welcome to the Knowledge Project Podcast. I’m your host, Shane Parrish.
    0:00:42 This podcast helps you master the best of what other people have already figured out.
    0:00:48 If you want to take your learning to the next level, consider joining our membership program at fs.blog.com.
    0:00:56 As a member, you’ll get early access to episodes, no ads, including this, exclusive content, hand-edited transcripts,
    0:01:01 access to the repository, which has highlights from all my favorite books,
    0:01:04 including Dyson’s autobiography, which we used to make this episode.
    0:01:07 Check out the link in the show notes for more.
    0:01:12 Behind every revolutionary product lies a moment of everyday frustration.
    0:01:18 For James Dyson, it was watching his vacuum cleaner lose suction as its bag filled with dust,
    0:01:22 a problem millions around the world simply accepted as inevitable.
    0:01:25 What happened next defies conventional wisdom.
    0:01:34 Five years, 5,126 failed prototypes, near financial ruin, and a kitchen floor covered in cardboard and masking tape.
    0:01:41 Today, we explore how a self-described misfit transformed frustration into a multi-billion dollar empire
    0:01:43 by embracing an uncomfortable truth.
    0:01:48 Failure isn’t just a step on the path to success, it is the path itself.
    0:01:54 We’ll unpack Dyson’s philosophy, why experts are often the biggest obstacles to innovation,
    0:01:58 how losing control of his first company shaped his future business decisions,
    0:02:02 the standard of excellence, and why action leads to progress.
    0:02:07 Whether you’re building a business, solving complex problems, or simply trying to navigate uncertainty,
    0:02:15 Dyson’s journey offers powerful insights on turning disadvantages into advantages and building something truly original.
    0:02:20 And make sure you stick around at the end for my lessons you can take away from Dyson and apply to your own life.
    0:02:23 And check out our website for key takeaways from the episode.
    0:02:26 It’s time to listen and learn.
    0:02:31 This podcast is for entertainment and informational purposes only.
    0:02:40 Picture this, a cold October night in 1978 in a modest English kitchen.
    0:02:47 A 31-year-old man kneels amid scraps of cardboard masking tape and the gutted carcass of a vacuum cleaner,
    0:02:50 like the aftermath of a kindergarten project gone rogue.
    0:02:53 Upstairs, his wife and three young children sleep,
    0:02:57 unaware their home has become ground zero for what, after 15 years,
    0:03:03 5,126 prototypes will become a multi-billion dollar revolution.
    0:03:07 The man, James Dyson, has just committed a household crime.
    0:03:12 He’s torn the bag off the family’s reconditioned Hoover Jr. vacuum cleaner.
    0:03:15 This isn’t a tantrum, although Dyson was certainly angry.
    0:03:22 For months, he quietly simmered over a frustration so mundane that most accepted it as inevitable.
    0:03:25 Vacuum cleaners lose suction as their bags fill.
    0:03:27 Most people simply buy new bags.
    0:03:30 James Dyson isn’t most people.
    0:03:32 He dismantles the entire machine.
    0:03:39 Now armed with cardboard tape and an insight borrowed from an industrial sawmill’s dust extraction system,
    0:03:45 he’s about to cobble together something vacuum manufacturers worldwide had insisted was impossible.
    0:03:48 A vacuum cleaner that doesn’t lose suction.
    0:03:51 A vacuum cleaner without a bag.
    0:03:53 And while that might seem common today,
    0:03:58 for a while, James Dyson was the only person in the world with a bagless vacuum cleaner.
    0:04:03 He couldn’t have known then that his journey of kitchen floor experiments would lead to years of struggle,
    0:04:05 thousands of failed prototypes,
    0:04:06 near financial ruin,
    0:04:08 countless people saying no,
    0:04:09 lawsuits,
    0:04:14 and it would ultimately culminate in the transformation of an entire industry.
    0:04:16 When Dyson showed people his prototype,
    0:04:19 industry experts quickly offered their verdict.
    0:04:20 If a better vacuum were possible,
    0:04:24 Hoover or Electrolux would have invented it already.
    0:04:25 This dismissive logic,
    0:04:27 that if something were possible,
    0:04:29 industry giants would have already done it,
    0:04:33 is the comfortable assumption incumbents have relied on throughout history,
    0:04:37 right until an outsider proves them catastrophically wrong.
    0:04:41 It’s the same reasoning that led to Western Union to dismiss the telephone,
    0:04:44 or IBM to scoff at personal computers,
    0:04:47 or Kodak to overlook the digital camera.
    0:04:48 For Dyson,
    0:04:50 their skepticism became fuel.
    0:04:54 The certainty he was onto something precisely because people said he wasn’t.
    0:04:57 This is the story of James Dyson,
    0:04:59 a man who turned dust into possibility,
    0:05:01 failure into discovery,
    0:05:03 and frustration into revolution.
    0:05:12 That kitchen floor epiphany in 1978 was the culmination of a lifetime of swimming against the current.
    0:05:16 But to understand how James Dyson came to be kneeling there,
    0:05:18 surrounded by cardboard and tape,
    0:05:21 we need to go back three decades to where his story begins.
    0:05:27 James was born in a seaside town of Cromer, Norfolk on May 2nd, 1947,
    0:05:30 the third child to Alec and Mary Dyson.
    0:05:35 Alec was a classics teacher, respectable, but far from wealthy.
    0:05:38 The family lived in comfortable middle-class circumstances,
    0:05:41 the kind that provided security without excess.
    0:05:44 But that security would prove fragile.
    0:05:47 When James was just nine years old, tragedy struck.
    0:05:49 His father died of cancer,
    0:05:54 leaving behind a widow and three children suddenly facing precarious financial circumstances.
    0:05:57 This moment would have derailed many families,
    0:06:00 closing doors of opportunity and narrowing horizons.
    0:06:04 For young James, though, it created the most powerful of motivational forces,
    0:06:09 the sense of being an underdog that would stay with him throughout his entire life.
    0:06:11 His death, he would later reflect,
    0:06:14 put me at a great disadvantage compared to the other boys.
    0:06:16 It made me feel like an underdog,
    0:06:19 someone who was always going to have things taken away from him.
    0:06:25 Dyson’s reflections on his father’s death reveal something more nuanced than simply hardship.
    0:06:26 As Dyson said,
    0:06:40 This tension between vulnerability and a sense of being different would become a creative engine for Dyson throughout his life.
    0:06:45 Dyson also found himself constantly tested in ways that would forge his competitive spirit.
    0:06:46 He recalled,
    0:06:52 Everyone in the house, my mother, my brother, my sister, and all the other children were older than I was.
    0:06:55 So when we played games like Bulldog and Lurkey,
    0:06:59 I was always up against people who were bigger and stronger than I was.
    0:07:02 Rather than being crushed by this constant disadvantage,
    0:07:08 young James developed a tenacity that would serve him well in later battles against industrial giants.
    0:07:14 It raised my standards in that I was not prepared to lose everything all the time just because I was the youngest
    0:07:19 and taught me that I could take on something much bigger than I was and win.
    0:07:23 That phrase, raise my standards, sticks out to me here.
    0:07:27 One of the greatest benefits of reading biographies and studying the best in any field
    0:07:30 is that you discover what your standards could be.
    0:07:36 We start life with whatever luck hands us, our parents, our family, our school, our friends.
    0:07:38 Their standards become our standards over time.
    0:07:43 But if life doesn’t luckily put us into an environment with high standards,
    0:07:46 we’ve got to set our own as high as possible.
    0:07:49 And there’s no better way than learning from outliers like Dyson,
    0:07:53 people who refuse to settle to lift our own trajectory.
    0:07:55 Now let’s go back to his story.
    0:08:00 Dyson makes an unexpected but telling connection between these childhood contests
    0:08:02 and his future business conflicts.
    0:08:06 Combined with the loss of my father, this made me very competitive.
    0:08:10 And in the wider picture, there is really not so great a difference between
    0:08:13 a rampaging industrial giant trying to sue you at a business
    0:08:18 and a hulking great 15-year-old trying to knock you off a rock or duck you in the sea.
    0:08:22 The headmaster of Gresham School, where James boarded,
    0:08:25 saw something in the fatherless boy worth investing in.
    0:08:30 He offered James and his brothers a generous bursary to continue their education
    0:08:33 and bored at the school despite their changed financial circumstances,
    0:08:35 allowing their mother to go out and work.
    0:08:39 Years later, as one of the country’s wealthiest individuals,
    0:08:44 Dyson would remember this critical intervention pouring millions into educational philanthropy
    0:08:49 with the knowledge that one opportunity at the right moment can change everything
    0:08:52 for not only a person but an entire family.
    0:08:56 At Gresham’s, James found a quiet obsession, cross-country running.
    0:09:03 While most boys chased team sports or short sprints, he thrived in the solitary grind of distance.
    0:09:08 He trained relentlessly, rising early or running late on Norfolk’s sand dunes.
    0:09:10 You would think he loved running.
    0:09:11 You’d be wrong.
    0:09:13 It wasn’t joy that drove him.
    0:09:17 The act of running itself was not something I enjoyed, he admits.
    0:09:21 The best you could say for it was that it was lonely and painful.
    0:09:24 But as I started to win by greater and greater margins,
    0:09:28 I did it more and more because I knew the reason for my success
    0:09:33 was that out on the sand dunes, I was doing something no one else was doing.
    0:09:35 Let’s stop here for a moment.
    0:09:36 Two things stand out.
    0:09:43 First, while most avoid discomfort, Dyson leans into it, a rare trait that sets him apart.
    0:09:46 Second, being different isn’t just an advantage.
    0:09:47 It’s necessary.
    0:09:49 Joseph Tussman put it well.
    0:09:54 If you do what everyone else is doing, you’re going to get the same results everybody else gets.
    0:09:57 But difference for its own sake isn’t enough.
    0:09:59 It has to be the right kind, the kind that wins.
    0:10:01 That’s advantageous divergence.
    0:10:08 Both of these qualities, the ability to embrace discomfort and the ability to be different
    0:10:11 and do something different, fuel his future triumphs.
    0:10:12 Now back to his story.
    0:10:15 Dyson ran alone on those dunes, knowing he stood apart.
    0:10:18 Going along with the crowd didn’t interest him.
    0:10:21 In fact, it likely would have dulled his drive.
    0:10:25 He thrived knowing he’d forged his own course, a pattern that would define his career.
    0:10:30 Those solitary runs weren’t just physical, they were mental prep for innovation’s marathon.
    0:10:36 In business, the ability to take pain often makes the difference between success and failure.
    0:10:39 Around him, post-war Britain hummed with possibility.
    0:10:42 Britain still sat comfortably on top of the pile.
    0:10:45 At least, that’s how it felt to us then, he recalls.
    0:10:48 Britain’s national mood was one of possibility and achievement.
    0:10:51 As Dyson put it, there was a coronation.
    0:10:53 We conquered Everest.
    0:10:57 We regained the ashes and beat all comers in test matches.
    0:10:59 We broke the four-minute mile.
    0:11:03 There was the festival of Britain and the Morris miners being exported all over the world.
    0:11:08 The message to a child seemed to be that Britain was the center of the universe
    0:11:12 and that you as an individual could conquer the world.
    0:11:18 This subtle environmental influence would later inform Dyson’s willingness to challenge global industrial powers
    0:11:23 and make strong statements about the state of Britain’s entrepreneurial and manufacturing spirit,
    0:11:24 which we’ll get to later.
    0:11:30 There’s over 500,000 small businesses in BC and no two are alike.
    0:11:31 I’m a carpenter.
    0:11:32 I’m a graphic designer.
    0:11:34 I sell dog socks online.
    0:11:38 That’s why BCAA created One Size Doesn’t Fit All Insurance.
    0:11:41 It’s customizable based on your unique needs.
    0:11:45 So whether you manage rental properties or paint pet portraits,
    0:11:49 you can protect your small business with BC’s most trusted insurance brand.
    0:11:55 Visit bcaa.com slash smallbusiness and use promo code radio to receive $50 off.
    0:11:56 Conditions apply.
    0:11:59 When the time came to choose a path after Gresham’s school,
    0:12:01 Dyson made a decision that seemed to defy logic.
    0:12:06 This mathematically talented student chose art over engineering.
    0:12:13 In 1965, he enrolled at the Byam Shaw School of Art in London during what was typically a post-high school gap year,
    0:12:19 seemingly shunning the technical fields where his analytical mind might have shined naturally.
    0:12:25 This unconventional choice was partly driven by Dyson’s rejection of artificial divisions in education,
    0:12:28 something that would later inform his approach to hiring and talent.
    0:12:34 It’s the roaring inequity of our system that children face such decisions at a feckless age,
    0:12:35 he’d fumed.
    0:12:40 I went for humanities because I couldn’t see the point in all of those formula you got in science,
    0:12:46 and I have spent the rest of my life not only attempting to turn the woolly-headed artist who left Gresham’s into a scientist,
    0:12:51 but cursing the wrongheadedness of a system that forces students into such choices.
    0:12:59 Dyson’s critique extended beyond the humanities sciences divide to what he saw as the deadening of creativity in the technical subjects,
    0:13:05 commenting that in woodworking class, if you didn’t make the matchbox holder exactly as the teacher instructed,
    0:13:06 you’d get a clip around the ear.
    0:13:13 Fortunately, his instructors at the Byam Shaw School, particularly the painter Maurice de Sossmanes,
    0:13:14 recognized something unique in Dyson,
    0:13:20 an unusual blend of seeing both form and function, beauty and utility.
    0:13:25 His teacher became a critical influence, opening Dyson’s eyes to design as a potential career
    0:13:29 and encouraging him to consider the Royal College of Art as the next step.
    0:13:31 Even before fully embracing engineering,
    0:13:37 Dyson was already developing the mindset that would define his approach to innovation.
    0:13:40 A willingness to challenge conventions and pursue his own vision.
    0:13:46 A telling incident occurred when he designed programs for a school production of Sheridan’s The Critic.
    0:13:52 Rather than accepting the standard format for programs always printed at the local press on folded A4 sheets
    0:13:54 and were extremely dull and nasty,
    0:13:58 Dyson chose to create scrolls on aged vellum effect paper.
    0:14:01 His housemaster’s reaction was swift and harsh.
    0:14:04 This is absolutely ridiculous.
    0:14:09 How dare you insult the great tradition of drama at the school with this, this folly?
    0:14:13 When Dyson defended his choice as rather suitable and in the flavor of the period,
    0:14:14 the response was telling,
    0:14:17 programs Dyson should be flat.
    0:14:22 This early clash between innovation and convention left a lasting impression.
    0:14:23 Dyson says,
    0:14:29 I was doing what I felt to be logical, current, original, unusual, and it was in the spirit of the production.
    0:14:36 And he was this bloody mass teacher telling me that I was wrong for no better reason than that the program should be flat.
    0:14:51 It was an early artistic rebuff by a bean counter and in the years since then I have developed a little more resistance to the reactionaries who put down whatever is new and unfamiliar.
    0:14:59 In 1966, Dyson advanced to the Royal College of Art, initially studying furniture and interior design, as per his teacher’s suggestion.
    0:15:07 Soon, his interest gravitated towards industrial engineering, a shift that might have been blocked in a more rigid academic environment.
    0:15:15 Fortunately, his professor at the time, Sir Hugh Kasson, recognized Dyson’s talents and interests defied conventional categorization,
    0:15:18 giving him the freedom to explore an unconventional path.
    0:15:23 Through it all, Dyson reinforced a pivotal lesson that would shape his entrepreneurial journey.
    0:15:28 Real innovation requires the courage to trust your instincts, even when others dismiss you as foolish.
    0:15:34 At the RCA, two mentors emerged that would profoundly shape Dyson’s approach to innovation.
    0:15:42 The first was Anthony Hunt, a structural engineer and visiting tutor who encouraged Dyson’s emerging fascination with engineering principles.
    0:15:50 The second, and more consequential, was Jeremy Fry, a successful British inventor and entrepreneur who recognized in Dyson a kindred spirit.
    0:15:57 Fry offered Dyson real-world engineering work while still a student, tapping into what he called Dyson’s desire for making things.
    0:16:02 For a young man who had lost his father, this vote of confidence from an established figure came at a critical moment.
    0:16:09 It validated Dyson’s unconventional approach and provided practical experience that formal education alone couldn’t deliver.
    0:16:13 So began my association with Jeremy Fry, Dyson later recalled.
    0:16:23 A mentor as important to me as any of the engineering heroes of the past, with the great advantage of being alive and keen to nurture such talents as I possessed.
    0:16:28 What Dyson found most liberating about Fry’s approach was his disdain for conventional expertise.
    0:16:34 He had no regard for experts from other fields, always teaching himself whatever he needed to know as he went along.
    0:16:42 And he was an engineer interested in building things that derived not only excellence from their design, but elegance as well.
    0:16:53 Though initially intimidated by Fry’s status as a millionaire industrialist, Dyson was quickly won over by his self-confidence and willingness to take chances upon unproven talent.
    0:16:55 Here was a man who was not interested in experts.
    0:16:59 He meets me, he thinks to himself, here’s a bright kid, let’s employ him.
    0:17:00 And he does.
    0:17:03 He risks little with the possibility of gaining much.
    0:17:07 This approach would later influence Dyson’s own hiring practices.
    0:17:10 It is exactly what I now do at Dyson Appliances.
    0:17:18 Take on unformed graduates to throw youthful ideas around until they have given all they can and are ready to move on to new things.
    0:17:25 Fry’s method of problem solving contrasted sharply with the academic approach Dyson had encountered at school and university.
    0:17:30 He did not, when an idea came to him, sit down and process it through pages and pages of calculation.
    0:17:33 He didn’t argue through it with anyone.
    0:17:34 He just went out and built it.
    0:17:38 This hands-on, trial-and-error approach was liberating for the young designer.
    0:17:43 When Dyson would approach Fry with an idea, the response was simply, you know where the workshop is, go and do it.
    0:17:48 If Dyson protested about needing specialized knowledge or equipment, Fry had a direct solution.
    0:17:50 Well then, go get a welder and weld it.
    0:17:52 Dyson found this approach revolutionary.
    0:17:56 Now, this was not a modus operandi that I had encountered before.
    0:17:59 College had taught me to revere experts and expertise.
    0:18:02 Fry ridiculed all of that.
    0:18:07 As far as he was concerned, with enthusiasm and intelligence, anything was possible.
    0:18:10 It’s worth pausing here for a second.
    0:18:16 This just-go-build-it attitude that Fry instilled in him reminds me of what Richard Hamming,
    0:18:20 this brilliant mathematician who worked at Bell Labs during his golden era, used to talk about.
    0:18:24 Hamming gave this now-famous lecture called You and Your Research,
    0:18:29 where he essentially challenged how most of us get trapped in endless preparation mode.
    0:18:33 We’re always getting ready to do the thing instead of just doing the thing.
    0:18:36 We’re always talking about doing the thing instead of doing the thing.
    0:18:40 What’s striking about both Hamming and what Dyson learned from Fry
    0:18:45 is this refreshing lack of reverence for credentials and formal expertise.
    0:18:48 Hamming described watching colleagues who would say,
    0:18:52 well, I need to go read one more paper, or I need to understand this concept better before I start.
    0:18:57 Meanwhile, the people who make breakthroughs just jumped in and started building.
    0:18:59 They’d figure it out along the way.
    0:19:01 Hamming’s colleague, John Tukey, was like that.
    0:19:03 He didn’t theorize endlessly.
    0:19:04 He just went out and built it.
    0:19:08 And that’s exactly what Fry was pushing Dyson to do when he’d say,
    0:19:12 you know where the workshop is, or, well then, get a welder and weld it.
    0:19:17 This mindset appears consistently across different fields and eras.
    0:19:20 Hamming had this great line that I think about all the time.
    0:19:25 The particular thing you do is luck, but that you do something is not.
    0:19:28 And that perfectly applies to Dyson.
    0:19:32 Was it luck that he specifically invented a bagless vacuum cleaner?
    0:19:33 Maybe.
    0:19:36 But was it luck that he ended up building something significant?
    0:19:37 Not at all.
    0:19:41 Once you adopt this mindset of building rather than just thinking about building,
    0:19:44 creating rather than just planning to create,
    0:19:48 it becomes almost inevitable that you’ll eventually create something meaningful.
    0:19:54 The vacuum was just what happened to be in front of him when all of these lessons clicked in place.
    0:19:59 For his final year project, Dyson abandoned the expected path of interior design students
    0:20:04 and instead collaborated with Fry to design a high-speed flat-bottom boat called the Sea Truck.
    0:20:09 Rather than submitting theoretical drawings, Dyson built a working prototype,
    0:20:13 something that could be tested, refined, and ultimately commercialized.
    0:20:18 This leap from theory to practice marked Dyson’s entrance into the world of invention.
    0:20:21 He had no prior boat building or welding experience.
    0:20:24 He simply learned by doing, often testing prototypes on weekends.
    0:20:30 It was a baptism by fire into the world of engineering, and it suited his temperament perfectly.
    0:20:33 The Sea Truck proved commercially viable.
    0:20:35 Fry’s company manufactured it.
    0:20:38 And they were soon selling approximately 200 units annually.
    0:20:42 For a student project to become a profitable product was remarkable,
    0:20:46 and it taught Dyson early lessons about the relationship between design,
    0:20:51 manufacturing, and commerce that many inventors, let alone students, never learned.
    0:20:55 After graduation, Dyson became the sole salesperson for the Sea Truck,
    0:20:59 developing unique insights that would serve him well in his later business ventures.
    0:21:04 Selling back then was really pretty easy because I believed in what I was trying to push.
    0:21:09 As with selling anything, it was about seeing how the boat would fit into the life of the customer,
    0:21:12 not about mouthing off about how great it was.
    0:21:17 This customer-centric approach would become a cornerstone of Dyson’s business philosophy.
    0:21:20 You find out what your man wants, and when he comes to you,
    0:21:23 he is buying it as soon as he starts talking, before you even start to sell.
    0:21:27 It is not about the right adjectives or shouting your mouth off.
    0:21:29 It’s about discovering a need and satisfying it.
    0:21:33 Not creating a need, by the way, as many of your cynical marketing men would have it.
    0:21:38 When selecting distributors for the Sea Truck, Dyson made an unconventional choice.
    0:21:41 Without exception, the best agents were the ones who,
    0:21:45 quite irrespective of their business or financial sense,
    0:21:48 saw the boat for what it was and loved it for it.
    0:21:53 While the temptation and board pressure was to hire established boat distributors
    0:21:56 who knew the market and would order vast numbers,
    0:21:59 I was determined to choose people who were mad keen on it.
    0:22:01 And his reasoning was sound.
    0:22:05 They were the only ones who would be able to overcome all the obstacles
    0:22:10 and difficulties of selling an entirely new concept and making a real business of it.
    0:22:15 The Sea Truck project also taught Dyson hard lessons about the dangers of trying to be
    0:22:17 all things to all customers.
    0:22:22 When approached by driving companies or oil corporations or the British military,
    0:22:26 Dyson would suggest that the Sea Truck could be modified to meet their specific requirements.
    0:22:30 I convinced not a single one of them, he admitted.
    0:22:31 People do not want all purpose.
    0:22:34 They want high-tech specificity.
    0:22:39 This insight would later influence his approach to marketing the dual cyclone vacuum cleaner,
    0:22:43 where he focused specifically on its superiority as a vacuum,
    0:22:46 rather than diluting the message with all the other features.
    0:22:53 One of the most illuminating incidents from the Sea Truck era came during a trip to Egypt in 1973.
    0:22:58 Dyson arrived in Cairo expecting that the Egyptians wanted modifications to the boat,
    0:23:01 such as armoring it like all the other militaries had requested.
    0:23:03 The reality surprised him.
    0:23:07 Oh, no, that is the last thing we want, he was told by the Egyptians.
    0:23:10 We sent one of our men out in a Sea Truck and tried to shoot him.
    0:23:12 We shot at him for hours and we couldn’t make a mark.
    0:23:15 The boat rides so low in the water that it cannot be hit.
    0:23:19 This contrasted sharply with the approach taken by the British Navy,
    0:23:23 which according to Dyson had spent two years trying to make the Sea Truck suit their needs.
    0:23:29 By the time they had spent an absolute fortune on armor plating and special diesel engines to power,
    0:23:35 they had turned my lovely launch craft into an iron behemoth that couldn’t manage more than about 10 miles an hour.
    0:23:39 Dyson saw in this a cultural difference between problem solving.
    0:23:44 The trial and error approach of the Egyptians, on the other hand, had been pure Edison.
    0:23:46 Rather than over-engineering the solution,
    0:23:51 they had tested the product in real-world conditions immediately and discovered an inherent advantage.
    0:23:57 As Dyson’s involvement with the Sea Truck began to wane, he observed another critical principle of innovation.
    0:24:00 But when difficulties arose, they just shelved the whole thing,
    0:24:05 something that always seemed to happen when the original designer does not stay on his project.
    0:24:08 This self-belief is not there to press on through the hard times.
    0:24:14 This insight would later fuel Dyson’s determination to maintain control over his inventions,
    0:24:19 seeing them through from concept to market despite setbacks and opposition.
    0:24:25 Most significantly, Dyson was developing a philosophy about innovation that would guide him throughout his career.
    0:24:31 He embraced the willingness to question basic assumptions and pursue solutions that established experts dismiss.
    0:24:36 This mindset would eventually lead him to look at a sawmill cyclone dust extractor and wonder,
    0:24:40 could this replace the vacuum cleaner that everyone takes for granted?
    0:24:44 Well, the industry experts assumed that if a better vacuum cleaner were possible,
    0:24:47 manufacturers would have already made it by then.
    0:24:54 This self-awareness about his unconventional approach would become a defining characteristic of Dyson’s innovation philosophy.
    0:24:57 Looking back on his journey, he reflected,
    0:25:03 I have been a misfit throughout my professional life, and that seems to have worked to my advantage.
    0:25:10 Misfits are not born or made, they make themselves, and a stubborn, opinionated child desperate to be different and right
    0:25:15 encounters only smaller refractions of the problem he will always experience,
    0:25:18 and he carries the weight of that dislocation forever.
    0:25:28 This self-awareness that his misfit status was both a burden and a blessing explains Dyson’s resilience in the face of rejection and criticism.
    0:25:35 His early experiences taught him that being different, while often uncomfortable, could also be a source of great strength.
    0:25:41 As Dyson’s early career took shape, he was developing principles that would guide his future endeavors.
    0:25:45 One crucial insight came from a seemingly modest business venture.
    0:25:52 My only business venture until now had been selling cheap wine that a friend of mine was importing from Tarragona in southern Spain.
    0:25:59 Wine was beginning to catch on in Britain in the late 60s, and this unlabeled plonk had a certain cachet among the arty.
    0:26:05 From this experience, Dyson extracted a principle that would become central to his business philosophy.
    0:26:10 The only way to make real money is to offer the public something entirely new that has style as well as substance,
    0:26:13 and which they cannot get anywhere else.
    0:26:20 This commitment to creating something genuinely new, rather than merely improving on existing products,
    0:26:25 would drive Dyson to pursue innovations that others dismissed as impossible or unnecessary.
    0:26:29 I didn’t want to put the icing on other people’s creations, he declared.
    0:26:31 I wanted to make things.
    0:26:37 As the 1970s began, Dyson was poised to apply these lessons and principles to new challenges.
    0:26:42 He had experienced the thrill of bringing the sea truck from concept to market,
    0:26:46 absorbed Jeremy Fry’s unorthodox approach to problem solving,
    0:26:52 and begun developing his own philosophy about the intersection of art, design, and engineering.
    0:26:57 I discovered the confidence and the stupidity to start doing things differently, he reflected.
    0:27:04 A simple statement that captures the paradoxical mix of self-assurance and risk-taking that characterizes innovation.
    0:27:08 Armed with this confidence and the lessons learned from the sea truck project,
    0:27:13 Dyson was about to turn his attention into something far more mundane than high-speed boats,
    0:27:15 yet potentially more revolutionary.
    0:27:17 The humble wheelbarrow.
    0:27:26 The gardeners of England in the mid-1970s had no idea that they were inspiring a revolution.
    0:27:32 As they struggled with their conventional wheelbarrows fighting to keep the narrow wheels from sinking into the wet soil,
    0:27:38 James Dyson was watching with the calculating eye of someone who sees not what is, but what could be.
    0:27:41 For centuries, the wheelbarrow had remained essentially unchanged.
    0:27:45 A container perched precariously on a single narrow wheel,
    0:27:50 a design that made it perpetually unstable and virtually useless on soft ground.
    0:27:56 Most people accepted these limitations as inevitable, the unavoidable physics of a simple tool.
    0:28:01 But Dyson, fresh from his experience with the sea truck, saw these frustrations differently,
    0:28:07 not as immutable facts of life, but as a design problem waiting to be solved.
    0:28:10 The solution he developed was elegant in its simplicity.
    0:28:12 Replace the wheel with a ball.
    0:28:17 A sphere distributes weight across a wider surface area, preventing sinking.
    0:28:23 It also allows movement in any direction without having to lift and reposition the barrel.
    0:28:25 The idea seemed obvious in retrospect,
    0:28:29 raising the question that would become familiar throughout Dyson’s career.
    0:28:31 Why hadn’t nobody thought of this before?
    0:28:34 In 1974, he unveiled the ball barrel,
    0:28:39 a reinvention that replaced the traditional wheel with a large orange plastic sphere.
    0:28:44 The ball distributed weight more evenly and crucially wouldn’t sink into soft soil or mud.
    0:28:49 Its wider footprint provided stability that the conventional wheelbarrow couldn’t match.
    0:28:52 Dyson gave it bright colors and a modern form,
    0:28:56 turning a utilitarian tool into something with aesthetic appeal.
    0:29:01 The ball barrel wasn’t just different for difference sakes, it genuinely worked better.
    0:29:05 When featured on BBC’s Tomorrow World technology program,
    0:29:08 it introduced viewers to Dyson’s fundamental approach.
    0:29:10 Identify a common frustration.
    0:29:12 Question assumption.
    0:29:15 And engineer a solution from first principle.
    0:29:20 Within a year of launch, the company was selling 45,000 ball barrels annually.
    0:29:25 A remarkable success for a product category most people considered fully mature.
    0:29:29 But commercial success masked a looming disaster.
    0:29:35 In setting up the ball barrel company, Dyson had made what would prove to be a crucial error.
    0:29:38 In 1974, when I had wanted to do the ball barrel,
    0:29:41 my brother-in-law generously offered to part-fund it.
    0:29:46 I had rather stupidly assigned the patent of the ball barrel not to myself, but to the company,
    0:29:48 Dyson later confessed.
    0:29:52 This seemingly innocuous decision would prove catastrophic.
    0:29:59 To launch the ball barrel, Dyson and his partners borrowed £200,000, about $275,000,
    0:30:07 at a punishing 24% interest rate, a reflection of Britain’s troubled economy in the mid-1970s.
    0:30:12 As the business expanded, they needed more capital, which meant bringing in new investors.
    0:30:16 Each round of investment diluted Dyson’s personal ownership stake.
    0:30:20 The business grew to an annual turnover of £600,000.
    0:30:24 It captured more than half of the UK garden wheelbarrow market, Dyson recalled.
    0:30:26 But even so, we didn’t make any money.
    0:30:30 The ball barrel had become the most frustrating of business scenarios,
    0:30:34 a popular product that couldn’t turn into a profitable business.
    0:30:39 The situation deteriorated when a former employee defected to a competing American company
    0:30:42 that had previously discussed licensing the ball barrel.
    0:30:46 Soon, a knockoff version appeared in the US market with a brazen competitor
    0:30:50 even using photos of the original ball barrel in their marketing materials.
    0:30:54 It was corporate betrayal at its most flagrant.
    0:30:56 And the company’s board, against Dyson’s wishes,
    0:31:00 opted to pursue expensive legal action against the American imitator.
    0:31:06 This drained resources and created yet another financial crisis requiring additional investment,
    0:31:09 further diluting Dyson’s ownership stake,
    0:31:12 while shifting the company’s focus from improving their product.
    0:31:15 Meanwhile, Dyson’s interests were already shifting.
    0:31:18 What I really wanted to do was make the vacuum cleaner I had in mind
    0:31:21 rather than fight the plagiarist in Chicago,
    0:31:23 as the board was keen on doing, he explained.
    0:31:27 This divergence in priorities foreshadowed the coming rupture.
    0:31:34 In February of 1979, the other shareholders unceremoniously forced Dyson out of his own company.
    0:31:39 I couldn’t have been more surprised when my fellow shareholders booted me out, Dyson recalled.
    0:31:41 There was no apparent reason for this.
    0:31:47 He later discovered that the son of the other major shareholder had orchestrated the coup to take control of the business.
    0:31:50 The ejection was professionally devastating.
    0:31:53 I had lost five years of my work by not valuing my creation.
    0:31:58 I had failed to protect the one thing that was most valuable to me, Dyson reflected.
    0:32:03 If I had kept control, I could have done what I wanted to do and avoided a big interest bill.
    0:32:09 The final insult was that the company lawyer, the very person who might have protected Dyson’s interests,
    0:32:11 was the one who delivered the termination.
    0:32:17 I was now without a lawyer, I was clueless about compensation for loss of office, and my shares were worthless.
    0:32:24 This bitter experience taught Dyson several crucial lessons that would shape his future business decisions.
    0:32:29 First, he learned the paramount importance of maintaining control of his intellectual property.
    0:32:35 In his words, I learned very much the hard way that I should have held on to the Balbaro patent and licensed the company.
    0:32:39 In the event, I lost the license, the patent, and the company.
    0:32:47 Second, he developed a deep aversion to outside shareholders who could dictate company direction, or worse, push him out.
    0:32:53 From now on, though, I was determined not to let go of my own inventions, patents, and companies, he vowed.
    0:33:00 This commitment to maintaining ownership would become a defining characteristic of Dyson’s future business approach.
    0:33:03 He also gained hard-won insights about commercial strategy.
    0:33:18 In retrospect, the very idea of selling against a utility product was a mistake, Dyson concluded.
    0:33:22 The product was good, but the commercial proposition was a bad idea.
    0:33:27 This painful episode also reinforced Dyson’s developing philosophy about business itself
    0:33:32 that stood in stark contrast to the prevailing corporate culture of the 1970s in Britain.
    0:33:36 In his view, something fundamental had changed in how companies were being run.
    0:33:40 Car companies used to be run by people who loved cars, he observed.
    0:33:45 They knew how to make the cars themselves, and they were always trying to make them better.
    0:33:48 Retail companies were run by people who knew how to sell.
    0:33:53 Now they’re run by accountants and marketing people who don’t understand the product or the customer.
    0:33:58 This shift from product-centered to finance-centered management troubled Dyson deeply.
    0:34:03 He saw it as the root cause of declining British manufacturing and innovation.
    0:34:06 Engineering and design is not about that.
    0:34:10 It is a long-term way of regenerating a company, and by extension, a country.
    0:34:17 If the city, fat cats, and their banks, and the monsters, the Thatcher revolution made into prime movers,
    0:34:21 demand an instant return, we just sell our products better.
    0:34:22 We don’t improve them.
    0:34:30 As he faced an uncertain future in 1979, Dyson had no idea that his next project would not only transform his fortunes,
    0:34:32 but an entire industry.
    0:34:36 And it would begin with the most ordinary of household irritations.
    0:34:39 A vacuum cleaner that kept losing suction.
    0:34:47 Before we get to Dyson’s next project, we need to travel back in time a bit to understand the history of the vacuum cleaner.
    0:34:48 The year is 1901.
    0:34:56 Queen Victoria’s reign is coming to an end, and in a London office, an engineer named Hubert Sissel Booth is conducting a peculiar experiment.
    0:35:03 He’s on his hands and knees pressing his handkerchief against the carpet and sucking through it with all of his might.
    0:35:07 After a moment, he examines the cloth and finds it impregnated with dust.
    0:35:13 This impromptu experiment conducted after witnessing a failed American cleaning demonstration confirmed his theory.
    0:35:17 Suction, not blowing, was the key to effective cleaning.
    0:35:21 Booth would go on to create the first powerful vacuum cleaner,
    0:35:27 a massive horse-drawn contraption that parked outside of homes with long hoses that were fed into windows and doors.
    0:35:33 It was a sensation among London’s elite, who threw parties to show off this marvelous new cleaning method.
    0:35:39 Even King Edward VII was impressed, ordering machines for Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle,
    0:35:43 making the British monarchy the first royal owners of vacuum cleaners.
    0:35:47 But the true commercialization of the vacuum would happen across the Atlantic.
    0:35:53 In 1908, a struggling Ohio leather and saddle maker named W.H. Boss Hoover,
    0:35:57 looking to diversify as automobiles replace horses,
    0:36:03 purchased the rights to an electric carpet sweeper invented by an asthmatic janitor,
    0:36:04 James Murray Sprinkler.
    0:36:11 This device, essentially an electric fan that sucked dust into a pillowcase attached to a broomstick,
    0:36:14 would become the prototype for virtually all vacuums to follow.
    0:36:20 For the next seven decades or so, vacuum cleaners would change remarkably little in their fundamental design.
    0:36:22 Yes, there were some improvements.
    0:36:26 The Electrolux introduced the cylinder models in 1913,
    0:36:30 and in 1936, the Hoover Jr. added rotating brushes.
    0:36:34 But the central technology remained essentially unchanged,
    0:36:39 a motor-driven fan sucking air and dust through a cloth paper bag that would filter out the dirt.
    0:36:42 And this is where James Dyson enters,
    0:36:47 because what nobody seemed to notice or perhaps care about was a fundamental flaw in the design.
    0:36:49 The moment you started using these vacuums,
    0:36:54 they began to lose suction as the pores in the bags clogged with fine dust particles.
    0:36:59 Dyson was experiencing the suction issue with his own Hoover Jr.
    0:37:04 when he recalled a pivotal moment in the Balbaro manufacturing process that he was working on.
    0:37:09 Dyson had encountered a problem with the powder coating plant used to paint the Balbaro frames.
    0:37:12 The process they were using created a significant amount of waste.
    0:37:18 When spraying the metal frames, much of the powder would miss its target and would need to be collected.
    0:37:24 The initial solution was a huge cloth screen that acted as a filter with a powerful fan behind it to create suction.
    0:37:29 But the screen would clog within an hour, halting production while workers cleaned it.
    0:37:35 Exactly the same problem that plagued vacuum cleaners worldwide, just on an industrial scale.
    0:37:41 When Dyson inquired about how larger factories solved this problem, he was told they used something called a cyclone.
    0:37:47 A huge canonical device that used centrifugal force to separate particles from the air without filters or screens.
    0:37:56 Intrigued but unable to afford this 75,000 pound machine, he was quoted to install Dyson did what innovators have done throughout history.
    0:37:58 He decided to simply build his own.
    0:38:06 One night, he drove up to a nearby sawmill that had one of their cyclones installed, parked a distance away, and under the cover of darkness, climbed the fence.
    0:38:14 By moonlight, he examined and sketched the 30-foot cone, trying to understand exactly how it worked and what its proportions were.
    0:38:22 The next day, a Sunday, Dyson and his team wielded together a 30-foot cyclone from sheets of steel, cut a hole in the factory roof, and installed their creation.
    0:38:26 When they started the production line, the results were immediate and dramatic.
    0:38:34 The powder that missed the frames was sucked up, spiraled through the cyclone, and collected into a bag at the bottom, while the clean air escaped through the tub.
    0:38:37 No stoppages, no clogging.
    0:38:40 And that’s when the connection suddenly clicked in Dyson’s mind.
    0:38:43 That evening, driving home through a storm, his thoughts raced.
    0:38:51 If industrial cyclones could separate dust from air without filters, why couldn’t the same principle work in miniature in a household vacuum cleaner?
    0:38:54 Arriving home, Dyson immediately set to work.
    0:38:57 He tore the bag off as Hoover Jr. and tried vacuuming without it.
    0:39:00 The result was a horrible spray of dust blown into the room.
    0:39:07 Next, he fashioned a foot-long cone from cardboard, covered it in tape to make it airtight, and attached it to the cleaner.
    0:39:13 He connected the outlet to the machine where the bag had been to the top of his makeshift cyclone.
    0:39:17 When he flipped the switch, instead of the dust storm he half-expected, the vacuum ran smoothly.
    0:39:25 After a few minutes, he disconnected his cardboard construction and peered inside to find a deposit of dust in the bottom of the cone.
    0:39:32 He proceeded to vacuum his entire house, repeatedly checking his creation to confirm that it wasn’t a dream.
    0:40:00 What Dyson didn’t know that October night was that his moment of inspiration would lead to five years of obsessive and painstaking development and refinement.
    0:40:09 His initial cardboard prototype demonstrated the principle, but creating a practical, efficient, and manufacturable product would prove far more challenging.
    0:40:15 As Dyson tells it, after that initial eureka, it was a long haul to the dual cyclone.
    0:40:22 So-called because the outer cyclone rotating at 200 miles per hour removes large debris and most of the dust,
    0:40:33 while an inner cyclone rotating at 924 miles per hour creates huge gravitational force and drives the finest dust, even particles of cigarette smoke, out of the air.
    0:40:38 This five-year period tested not only Dyson’s engineering acumen, but his personal resilience.
    0:40:49 The family lived on his wife’s modest income as an art teacher, while James obsessively worked on prototype after prototype in his workshop, while racking up ever-increasing amounts of debt.
    0:40:56 These were lean years, with young children to raise and a mortgage to pay, and interest rates among the highest they’ve ever been.
    0:41:01 Yet Dyson remained fixated on solving this single problem.
    0:41:04 In one sense, it was all a bit of a disaster, he admitted.
    0:41:07 I had no job, no income, and a sizable mortgage to pay off.
    0:41:12 Yet, this moment of apparent crisis was actually the beginning of his greatest work.
    0:41:19 What’s remarkable about Dyson’s process wasn’t just the sheer number of prototypes, though that number has become legendary,
    0:41:26 But the methodical approach to each iteration, every failure pointed to a specific problem that needed solving.
    0:41:32 The airflow wasn’t right, the cyclone’s proportions were off, the dust separation wasn’t efficient enough.
    0:41:38 By the time he had achieved a working design in 1983, with the launch of the G-Force in Japan,
    0:41:47 Dyson had created 5,127 prototypes, a number that has become mythical in innovation circles.
    0:41:53 I made 5,127 prototypes of my vacuum before I got it right, he famously stated.
    0:41:59 That means there were 5,126 failures, but I learned from each one.
    0:42:00 That’s how I came up with a solution.
    0:42:02 So I didn’t mind failure.
    0:42:08 This embrace of failure as a teaching tool rather than a dead end places Dyson in the tradition of Thomas Edison,
    0:42:13 who reportedly found 10,000 ways not to make the light bulb before finding one that worked.
    0:42:15 Edison’s famous quote,
    0:42:21 I have not failed, I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work, could just as easily have come from Dyson’s math.
    0:42:24 Indeed, Dyson later articulated a similar philosophy.
    0:42:26 Enjoy failure and learn from it.
    0:42:28 You never learn from success.
    0:42:34 With a working prototype finally in hand, after five years, Dyson thought the hardest part was over.
    0:42:37 Little did he know, it was just beginning.
    0:42:45 He pitched the established vacuum manufacturers a no-brainer, a bagless vacuum cleaner that never lost suction.
    0:42:47 It wasn’t theory, he could show them a prototype.
    0:42:50 But the response was like a door slamming in his face.
    0:42:57 James, if there were a better kind of vacuum cleaner, Hoover or Electrolux would have invented it, they scoffed.
    0:43:01 It’s the smug dismissal you hear in entrepreneurial lore.
    0:43:05 The assumption that if it’s possible, the big dogs would have already done it.
    0:43:08 Western Union said the same thing about the telephone.
    0:43:11 IBM shrugged about the personal computer.
    0:43:13 Kodak about the digital camera.
    0:43:17 For Dyson, this didn’t kill his drive.
    0:43:17 It lit a fire.
    0:43:21 This is Clayton Christensen’s innovation dilemma in action.
    0:43:31 Successful companies locked into their current customers and profits miss disruptive innovations that seem inferior at first, but eventually upend everything.
    0:43:34 The vacuum giants weren’t just blind, they were trapped.
    0:43:40 Because their business model ran on the razor and blades model, cranking out high margin replacement bags.
    0:43:45 A bagless vacuum didn’t just challenge their technology, it threatened their whole way of business.
    0:43:52 The established players weren’t merely overlooking Dyson’s invention, they were actively protecting their golden goose.
    0:43:57 They’d optimize everything from manufacturing and marketing and distribution, all to sell bags.
    0:44:00 Why risk that for some unproving gizmo?
    0:44:03 It’s the rational call until it’s not.
    0:44:05 The pattern is predictable.
    0:44:07 First, they ignore the innovation.
    0:44:08 It can’t work.
    0:44:09 Then they dismiss it.
    0:44:10 It’s not important.
    0:44:12 And then they panic when it’s too late.
    0:44:15 Elon Musk hit this wall with Tesla.
    0:44:17 Steve Jobs smashed through it with the iPod.
    0:44:21 Incumbents all over the world can’t imagine a different future.
    0:44:24 And that’s the crack that disruptors exploit.
    0:44:28 Charlie Munger calls it commitment and consistency bias.
    0:44:33 Once you’re all in on a path, changing feels impossible, even when the evidence screams otherwise.
    0:44:38 This psychological trap transforms market leaders into sitting ducks.
    0:44:43 For Dyson, the rejection meant going solo, building and selling his invention without the big players.
    0:44:44 Daunting, sure.
    0:44:46 But he’d come too far to quit.
    0:45:01 Unable to find an existing manufacturer in the UK willing to produce his vacuum, Dyson turned to Japan, where a licensing deal with a company called Apex allowed the GeForce Cleaner to be marketed as a luxury item, selling for the equivalent of $2,000.
    0:45:11 Although this high-end positioning didn’t reflect Dyson’s original vision for wide market adoption, it provided two crucial things, income and validation.
    0:45:16 It proved that people, at least in Japan, were willing to pay a premium for a breakthrough in cleaning technology.
    0:45:23 Royalties from Japan soon began flowing back to Britain, enabling Dyson to take bold steps that many had warned were foolish.
    0:45:28 He had tried to find a partner to manufacture this with him, but he couldn’t find one.
    0:45:31 So he decided that he was going to open his own manufacturing facility.
    0:45:39 And by 1993, he introduced the Dyson DC-01 to the UK market, an unapologetically unusual machine.
    0:45:50 With bright colors, transparent dustbins, and an exposed cyclone system, the vacuum’s design flew in the face of every convention that had been defined in the industry.
    0:45:55 As Dyson would later remarked, going against established expert thinking was a huge risk.
    0:45:59 No one could confirm that what we were doing was a good idea.
    0:46:02 Everyone, in fact, confirmed the reverse.
    0:46:09 If, however, we had believed the science and not trusted our instincts, we would have ended up following the path of dull conformity.
    0:46:13 Dyson believed in himself, even though nobody else believed in him.
    0:46:21 The Dyson DC-01’s central selling point, the only vacuum cleaner that doesn’t lose suction, wasn’t just a clever tagline.
    0:46:29 It laid bare what Dyson viewed as the fundamental flaw of the bag-based vacuums, a loss of performance the moment the bag began filling.
    0:46:34 That indictment of the entire industry didn’t just intrigue curious homeowners.
    0:46:38 It challenged competitors who could no longer claim bags were good enough.
    0:46:48 Dyson’s approach quickly drew attention, and initial sales, though modest, began to surge as word spread about the machine’s staggering suction power and ease of emptying.
    0:46:56 By 1995, it had become the best-selling vacuum cleaner in the UK, topping the very brands that had once dismissed Dyson’s idea.
    0:47:05 Meanwhile, the industry’s knee-jerk reaction was to hastily develop bagless technologies of their own, a scramble that validated the cyclone-based system.
    0:47:14 But thoughtfully, Dyson had safeguarded his inventions with over 100 patents, a legal moat that forced his rivals to tread very carefully.
    0:47:19 When Hoover released a suspiciously similar product, Dyson stood his ground in court.
    0:47:26 He won over 4 million British pounds in damages, reinforcing the message that real innovation can and should be protected.
    0:47:31 As he would insist, by its very nature, pioneering will not always be successful.
    0:47:35 We don’t start these ventures with the inevitability of success.
    0:47:38 We are too aware that we may well fail.
    0:47:43 But I also think if we fail, better drown than duffers.
    0:47:51 What began in a cramped kitchen amid cardboard prototypes and relentless late-night tinkering evolved into a global empire.
    0:48:01 Dyson’s story extended well beyond vacuums, branching into hand dryers, vans, hair care, and even the ambitious foray into electric vehicles.
    0:48:07 Yet the products themselves were less significant than the spirit of invention they represented.
    0:48:13 The real legacy was Dyson’s determined belief that everyday objects could and should be rethought from the ground up.
    0:48:19 In his view, following the path of dull conformity is precisely how incumbents remain stuck.
    0:48:24 His success not only caused manufacturers to re-examine their own design assumptions,
    0:48:31 but it also planted a broader realization where people find persistent frustrations they can and should innovate.
    0:48:37 For James Dyson, that conviction, honed through adversity in the UK and validated in Japan,
    0:48:42 transformed one man’s frustration with a vacuum bag into a multi-billion dollar business
    0:48:47 and ultimately a model for re-imagining the objects we use every day.
    0:48:55 But late 1990s, with his vacuum cleaners flying off the shelves and the Dyson name fast becoming synonymous with vacuums,
    0:49:00 James Dyson faced the standard menu of options awaiting any successful entrepreneur.
    0:49:06 Sell to a larger company, take the business public, or perhaps just ease into a comfortable role as chairman.
    0:49:09 Delegate the hard work and enjoy the fruits of your labor.
    0:49:12 It was, after all, what everyone expected.
    0:49:15 Everyone, that is, except for James Dyson.
    0:49:18 Instead, he did something that left business analysts scratching their heads.
    0:49:22 He plowed enormous amounts of money back into research and development.
    0:49:27 While competitors were typically allocating 2-3% of revenue to research and development,
    0:49:31 Dyson was routinely investing 20% or more.
    0:49:34 This wasn’t just an abstract commitment to innovation.
    0:49:39 It was a fundamental challenge to the conventional wisdom of how to run a business.
    0:49:46 I’m not interested in appearing on some rich list, Dyson remarked with characteristic dismissiveness toward the trapping of wealth.
    0:49:54 What’s far more satisfying is seeing something you’ve designed on someone’s kitchen counter or hearing someone talk about their Dyson as if it’s a family member.
    0:50:00 In a business landscape dominated by the relentless quarterly results focus of publicly traded companies,
    0:50:06 Dyson’s passion-driven approach stood out like one of his vacuum cleaners in a sea of beige appliances.
    0:50:09 By keeping the company private and maintaining control,
    0:50:15 he ensured that engineering excellence, not shareholder demands, drove the decision-making.
    0:50:22 The irony, this stubborn refusal to focus on profit ultimately proved more profitable than a profit-first strategy would have been.
    0:50:26 By creating better products rather than just better marketed ones,
    0:50:32 Dyson built a brand that commanded premium prices and inspired unusual loyalty amongst its customers.
    0:50:36 Achievements that no amount of clever advertising could accomplish.
    0:50:45 In 2006, if you had walked into a public restroom and seen someone seemingly karate chopping the air beneath a strange metal contraption mounted on the wall,
    0:50:51 you would have witnessed one of Dyson’s newest converts experiencing the Airblade hand dryer for the first time.
    0:50:55 The traditional hand dryers had worked on a simple but ineffective principle.
    0:50:59 Blow warm air over wet hands and hope for evaporation.
    0:51:06 The process was slow, energy inefficient, and often left hands damp enough that most people would give up and wipe them on their pants.
    0:51:11 The Airblade, in typical Dyson fashion, attacked the problem from a completely different angle,
    0:51:18 using sheets of high-velocity, unheated air to physically scrape water from hands,
    0:51:22 drying them in just 10 to 12 seconds instead of the typical 30 to 45.
    0:51:26 This wasn’t just a marginally better hand dryer.
    0:51:29 It was a fundamental rethinking of what hand dryers could be.
    0:51:34 And like the vacuum before it, it solved an everyday frustration most people had simply accepted as normal.
    0:51:43 Then in 2009 came perhaps the most visually striking Dyson innovation, the Air Multiplier, also known as the bladeless fan.
    0:51:48 With its distinctive ring design, it eliminated the chopping blades of traditional fans,
    0:51:52 making them safer and easier to clean while delivering smoother airflow.
    0:51:58 The product’s alien appearance became instantly iconic, a physical manifestation of Dyson’s philosophy
    0:52:03 that when function is properly executed, distinctive form follows naturally.
    0:52:09 In testing the Air Multiplier, Dyson engineers sometimes found themselves sticking their heads through the empty ring,
    0:52:14 a demonstration that would later become a staple of Dyson’s public appearances with the product.
    0:52:19 It was also emblematic of the company’s playful approach to serious engineering.
    0:52:25 Eight years later, Dyson tackled an appliance that hadn’t seen meaningful innovation since the 1960s,
    0:52:27 the hairdryer.
    0:52:32 Traditional models were loud, heavy, and prone to overheating, and often damaged the hair.
    0:52:37 The supersonic, with its miniaturized motor in the handle rather than the head,
    0:52:41 addressed all of these issues while exemplifying another Dyson principle.
    0:52:46 Sometimes the most significant innovations come from solving the least glamorous problem.
    0:52:53 To create the supersonic, engineers tested 1,010 miles of hair to crack and heat damage.
    0:52:57 Hundreds of prototypes later, they shrunk the motor into the handle.
    0:53:02 Throughout these expansions, Dyson maintained his characteristic approach to product development,
    0:53:05 expressed in his oft-quoted observation.
    0:53:09 Everything can be improved, you just have to look for the frustration.
    0:53:14 This simple yet profound insight cuts to the heart of Dyson’s innovation philosophy.
    0:53:17 Rather than starting with market research or competitor analysis,
    0:53:20 the standard playbook for product development,
    0:53:26 Dyson products began with identifying everyday frustrations that people have come to accept as normal.
    0:53:29 Each new product category followed the same pattern.
    0:53:32 Find a common device that doesn’t work as well as it could,
    0:53:34 and reimagine it from first principles.
    0:53:40 It’s a philosophy that seems obvious in retrospect, yet remains strikingly rare in practice.
    0:53:46 Visit Dyson’s headquarters and you won’t find the standard corporate divisions between thinkers and doers.
    0:53:52 Unlike many companies where engineers design and technicians build and testers evaluate,
    0:53:56 Dyson engineers are involved throughout the entire process,
    0:53:59 a reflection of Dyson’s own hands-on approach.
    0:54:04 Our engineers build their own prototypes and test them so we understand how and why they might fail,
    0:54:05 Dyson explains.
    0:54:08 This isn’t just a nice philosophical stance.
    0:54:14 It’s a practical recognition that those designing products need intimate knowledge of their real-world
    0:54:14 performance.
    0:54:20 The tighter the feedback loop between design and function, the faster innovation happens.
    0:54:23 This philosophy extends to Dyson’s hiring practices,
    0:54:26 where the company often recruits engineers straight from universities.
    0:54:30 The preference for fresh minds, unencumbered by industry conventions,
    0:54:34 over-experienced professionals who might reflexively say that’s not how we do it,
    0:54:36 isn’t just about youthful energy.
    0:54:41 It’s about maintaining the company’s ability to question basic assumptions.
    0:54:45 When developing a new product, Dyson teams are encouraged to build and test rapidly,
    0:54:47 embracing failure as an education.
    0:54:53 Just as James Dyson did with his 5,127 vacuum prototypes.
    0:54:58 The company’s laboratories have evolved into a testing wonderland, featuring everything from
    0:55:04 acoustic chambers from measuring noise to robotic arms that simulate years of usage in accelerated
    0:55:04 time.
    0:55:10 Marketing considerations will not ignore, take a clear backseat to engineering excellence.
    0:55:16 Stories are abound of Dyson rejecting market-ready products because some aspect of their performance
    0:55:21 didn’t meet his exacting standards, often to the frustration of the company’s commercial
    0:55:23 teams eager to meet launch deadlines.
    0:55:29 We were criticized for the short runtime, Dyson notes, about their first battery-powered devices,
    0:55:34 a decision that went against conventional wisdom but proved correct as battery technology improved.
    0:55:39 The company’s willingness to make unpopular short-term decisions in service of a long-term vision
    0:55:44 is perhaps its most distinctive characteristic, in an industry typically driven by immediate
    0:55:45 sales considerations.
    0:55:48 This approach isn’t without its cause.
    0:55:53 Dyson products are notoriously expensive to develop and consequently command premium prices.
    0:55:58 But this alignment of higher costs with genuinely superior performance has created a virtuous cycle.
    0:56:04 Customers willing to pay more for better products fuel the R&D that creates the next generation
    0:56:05 of innovations.
    0:56:09 It’s a business model that feels almost quaint in its straightforwardness.
    0:56:14 Make things that work better, charge more for them, and use the profits to make even more
    0:56:14 better things.
    0:56:22 If innovation is the lifeblood of Dyson’s business, then patents are its immune system.
    0:56:26 And James Dyson has proven himself just as tenacious in defending his intellectual property
    0:56:29 as he was in developing it in the first place.
    0:56:35 The most famous of these legal battles was Dyson’s 1999 lawsuit against Hoover for patent infringement.
    0:56:41 After Dyson’s vacuum cleaner became a clear market success, Hoover introduced its own bagless
    0:56:43 model using similar cyclone technology.
    0:56:49 Dyson sued, and after a five-year legal battle, won damages of 4 million British pounds.
    0:56:55 This victory wasn’t significant just financially, but it was really symbolically significant for
    0:57:00 Dyson, establishing that even a relatively new company could successfully defend its intellectual
    0:57:02 property against an industry giant.
    0:57:08 It sent a clear message that Dyson wouldn’t be intimidated by larger competitors attempting
    0:57:09 to copy his innovation.
    0:57:15 For Dyson, patents aren’t merely legal instruments, but essential safeguards that make innovation
    0:57:17 economically viable.
    0:57:22 Without patent protection, the enormous investments required to develop truly new technologies would
    0:57:28 be financially unjustifiable as competitors could simply copy successful products without bearing
    0:57:30 the R&D costs.
    0:57:32 This dance hasn’t been without controversy.
    0:57:37 Critics argue that aggressive patent enforcement can stifle innovation by preventing others from
    0:57:39 building on existing ideas.
    0:57:45 But Dyson counters that genuine innovation means creating something truly new, not incrementally
    0:57:46 modifying something.
    0:57:52 In my view, Dyson argues, patents need a longer life to reflect today’s long research and development
    0:57:52 cycles.
    0:57:57 It’s a perspective that places him somewhat at odds with the open source movement and those
    0:58:01 who believe that looser intellectual property restrictions would accelerate innovation.
    0:58:04 Yet it’s hard to argue with the results.
    0:58:09 Without the protection of patents, would Dyson have been able to sustain the massive R&D investments
    0:58:12 that produced such a stream of innovative products?
    0:58:18 This question really cuts to the heart of how societies balance incentives for individual innovators
    0:58:21 against the broader benefits of shared knowledge.
    0:58:28 Perhaps the most distinctive aspect of Dyson’s business trajectory is his steadfast refusal to sell the
    0:58:31 company or take it public, despite numerous lucrative offers.
    0:58:37 This decision has allowed him to maintain complete control over the company’s direction and priorities,
    0:58:40 a luxury few entrepreneurs enjoy in the long term.
    0:58:46 In an era where founders often exit their companies through acquisition or IPO within a decade of
    0:58:52 starting them, Dyson’s 44-year tenure as the leader and sole owner of his company is remarkable.
    0:58:58 This longevity has enabled him to pursue a consistent vision without the pressures that come from
    0:59:02 external shareholders demanding quarterly results or strategic pivots.
    0:59:07 The benefits of this approach are evident in Dyson’s ability to make decisions that might appear
    0:59:10 counterintuitive in the short run, but align with his long-term vision.
    0:59:16 For example, when Dyson decided to invest $2.5 billion in developing an electric car,
    0:59:19 a project that was ultimately abandoned in 2019,
    0:59:25 he did so without having to justify the massive expenditure to shareholders or a board of directors.
    0:59:29 This freedom comes with a significant financial trade-off.
    0:59:33 By keeping the company private, Dyson delayed his own financial gratification for decades.
    0:59:37 While his contemporaries who founded and sold companies became wealthy,
    0:59:43 much earlier in their careers, Dyson’s wealth remained largely on paper until much later in life.
    0:59:48 The lesson here isn’t that every entrepreneur should keep their company ownership indefinitely.
    0:59:52 That path isn’t realistic or desirable for a lot of ventures.
    0:59:56 Rather, it’s that maintaining sufficient control to pursue your vision
    0:59:59 can be worth more than maximizing short-term financial returns.
    1:00:03 In Britain, where entrepreneurs at the earliest opportunity often
    1:00:05 sell out to take their companies public,
    1:00:08 Dyson’s approach stands out as particularly unusual.
    1:00:11 He has commanded that his tenacity to cash out quick
    1:00:14 suggests either a lack of passion for the business itself
    1:00:18 or a fear of losing everything before having a chance to profit.
    1:00:22 By contrast, Dyson’s unwillingness to relinquish control
    1:00:25 reflects a fundamentally different relationship to his creation.
    1:00:28 Not merely as a vehicle for wealth generation,
    1:00:31 but a platform for continuing innovation and impact.
    1:00:38 Let’s recap Dyson’s path from art school graduate to billionaire inventor and industrialist.
    1:00:42 What’s most striking here is the consistency of his approach
    1:00:45 across more than four decades of dramatic change.
    1:00:49 From the loss of his father at a young age through his education in design
    1:00:53 rather than engineering to his early career working under Jeremy Fry,
    1:00:57 these formative experiences shaped the unconventional approach
    1:00:59 that would later define his business career.
    1:01:02 The ball barrel represented his first commercial success,
    1:01:04 but also his first harsh business lesson
    1:01:07 when he lost control of the company to his partners.
    1:01:13 This experience informed his later insistence on maintaining ownership and control of Dyson,
    1:01:18 a decision that would prove critical to his ability to pursue long-term innovation.
    1:01:24 The development of the Cyclonic vacuum cleaner with its famous 5,127 prototypes
    1:01:29 over five years exemplifies the persistence that became Dyson’s hallmark.
    1:01:33 Unable to interest existing manufacturers in his invention,
    1:01:35 he was forced to commercialize it himself,
    1:01:40 first through licensing in Japan and later through direct manufacturing and sales.
    1:01:43 After achieving success in vacuum cleaners,
    1:01:47 Dyson systematically applied his engineering principles to other categories,
    1:01:50 hand dryers, fans, hair dryers, air purifiers,
    1:01:55 each time reimagining products that had seen little fundamental innovation for decades.
    1:01:58 Throughout this journey, Dyson maintained a consistent philosophy,
    1:02:03 identify everyday frustrations, question conventional solutions,
    1:02:06 iterate relentlessly toward better alternatives,
    1:02:09 and never compromise on engineering excellence.
    1:02:18 What appears from an outsider as an overnight success was in reality a 15-year journey from initial insight to commercial triumph.
    1:02:24 It was five years before the G-Force, but it was 15 before he really took off in the UK.
    1:02:29 And there’s a whole section in the book about how his partners in Japan sort of swindled him a bit,
    1:02:31 which it’s worth reading for sure.
    1:02:36 James Dyson is a reminder that genuine innovation often requires a time horizon
    1:02:40 longer than most businesses or investors are willing to contemplate.
    1:02:46 Those long runs that he did so early on in life served as great training ground for going through the grind.
    1:02:53 This philosophy extends beyond products to Dyson’s approach to education, intellectual property, and business ownership.
    1:02:59 A comprehensive vision of how innovation should work, not just within his company, but within society as a whole.
    1:03:06 It’s a vision that challenges conventional wisdom at nearly every turn, yet has proven remarkably effective in practice.
    1:03:09 In a world increasingly dominated by short-term thinking,
    1:03:13 Dyson stands out as a testament to the power of playing the long game.
    1:03:19 And a reminder that the most revolutionary innovations begin with nothing more than a willingness to ask,
    1:03:21 isn’t there a better way?
    1:03:34 Okay, let’s go over my reflections and some of the lessons learned from James Dyson’s incredible story.
    1:03:37 So the first, persistence is key.
    1:03:39 His story isn’t about genius.
    1:03:40 It’s really about persistence.
    1:03:42 The same as Estee Lauder.
    1:03:47 He built 5,127 prototypes over five years to launch the G-Force in Japan,
    1:03:52 and then spent another decade perfecting the DC-01 for the world.
    1:03:56 Innovation meant questioning experts, embracing failure, and owning his vision.
    1:03:59 He was told no over and over again.
    1:04:00 He was sued.
    1:04:04 He was nearly bankrupt with debt, yet he didn’t give up.
    1:04:06 Two, master your circumstances.
    1:04:10 Dyson learned early that losing control can sink you.
    1:04:13 With the C-truck, he watched shareholders sell out when times got tough.
    1:04:17 With the ball barrow, he was ousted despite his breakthroughs.
    1:04:23 These mishaps taught him to master his fate, keeping an ironclad control over IP and the company itself.
    1:04:26 It’s a hidden key to Berkshire Hathaway’s success, too.
    1:04:28 Own your destiny or others will.
    1:04:39 At dinner one night, I was talking with Charlie Munger, and I asked him for the unconventional sort of things that people don’t appreciate as much about Berkshire Hathaway’s success as he might think that they should.
    1:04:45 And one of the things that he mentioned to me was, he said, Warren and I have rarely been forced into a bad decision.
    1:04:47 And I took that to think about positioning a lot.
    1:04:59 You know, if an outside shareholder can come in and start dictating what you do or where you save money or what you do with the cash on your balance sheet and change your strategy, you can’t play out your vision.
    1:05:00 You can’t play the long game.
    1:05:01 You’re instantly playing the short game.
    1:05:06 And so I think that is a really underappreciated aspect of Berkshire Hathaway’s success.
    1:05:10 I also think it’s a really underappreciated aspect of Dyson’s success.
    1:05:20 He’s maintained this company now since the 1970s, and he’s been able to execute on his vision because nobody can come in and tell him what to do.
    1:05:22 Three, capacity to take pain.
    1:05:25 Behind any great achievement lies the capacity to take pain.
    1:05:28 If you want to see your vision through to the end, there’s going to be ups and downs.
    1:05:30 There’s not only going to be financial pain.
    1:05:32 There’s going to be emotional and psychological pain.
    1:05:34 You have to be willing to look different.
    1:05:36 You have to be willing to do things different.
    1:05:46 And, you know, Dyson, from the solitary long runs as a kid to legal battles, mounting debt, prototypes, numerous rejections, he just took the lumps and kept going.
    1:05:48 This isn’t to say that he didn’t have ups and downs.
    1:05:53 And I suspect, although the book didn’t lean into it a lot, that his partner played a key role here, too.
    1:05:58 And your partner plays a really big role in your psychology and whether you keep going or whether you…
    1:06:04 And the key here is believing in yourself, even when others don’t or won’t.
    1:06:06 Four, the standard was excellent.
    1:06:10 He didn’t release a product until it was perfect.
    1:06:16 He didn’t flinch at charging more for a vacuum cleaner or plowing 20% of revenue into R&D.
    1:06:18 Seven times the industry norm.
    1:06:20 He bet on excellence, not shortcuts.
    1:06:22 Profits naturally follow excellence.
    1:06:25 Five, he didn’t dilute the message.
    1:06:28 People don’t want a product that does 10 things with average ability.
    1:06:32 They want a product that does one thing with above average ability.
    1:06:36 Exceptionally good at one thing is better than average at a lot of things.
    1:06:40 When it was time to market the dual cyclone, he focused on its unmatched suction.
    1:06:41 Nothing else.
    1:06:43 He didn’t dilute the message.
    1:06:46 Six, action leads to progress.
    1:06:48 Dyson didn’t just dream.
    1:06:53 He built from rigging a cyclone for the Balbaro factory to testing countless prototypes himself.
    1:06:55 He learned to go build it and see.
    1:06:58 Progress comes from starting.
    1:07:02 Seven, founders should run companies or at least people that deeply care.
    1:07:08 It’ll be interesting to see what Dyson does with his legacy, but I suspect he won’t be passing the business over to an MBA,
    1:07:15 but rather an engineer who cares deeply about the product, about innovation, about the people working for the company.
    1:07:19 Eight, there are billion-dollar ideas in common frustrations.
    1:07:22 Forget market research or copying competitors.
    1:07:23 Dyson started with what annoyed him.
    1:07:25 His vacuum cleaner losing suction.
    1:07:28 Wheelbarrows tipping over and getting stuck.
    1:07:29 Hand dryers failing.
    1:07:34 From the Balbaro to the Airblade, he reimagined the ordinary from first principles up.
    1:07:36 If you’re looking for ideas, look at where you’re frustrated.
    1:07:38 Nine, play the long game.
    1:07:45 At nearly every opportunity where Dyson can make a choice between the short-term and the long-term, he chooses the long-term.
    1:07:49 I hope you loved this book as much as I did.
    1:07:53 I think James Dyson is such an incredible character and person.
    1:07:55 Hopefully we can get him on the podcast.
    1:07:56 That would be amazing.
    1:07:59 If not, if you’re looking to learn more about him,
    1:08:02 I highly recommend you pick up his autobiography, Against the Odds.
    1:08:04 James Dyson is a force of will.
    1:08:06 He’s a model of persistence.
    1:08:08 And I want to see him keep going.
    1:08:10 Thanks for listening and learning.
    1:08:35 For a complete list of episodes, show notes, transcripts, and more, go to fs.blog slash podcast, or just Google The Knowledge Project.
    1:08:43 The Farnham Street blog is also where you can learn more about my new book, Clear Thinking, turning ordinary moments into extraordinary results.
    1:08:52 It’s a transformative guide that hands you the tools to master your fate, sharpen your decision-making, and set yourself up for unparalleled success.
    1:08:56 Learn more at fs.blog slash clear.
    1:08:57 Until next time.

    How do you turn 5,127 failures into a multi-billion-dollar empire? James Dyson turned dust into possibility, failure into discovery, and frustration into revolution.  

     

    Dyson didn’t just build a better vacuum; he redefined a whole industry. Facing thousands of failed prototypes, crushing financial setbacks, and a dismissive industry that insisted a superior vacuum was impossible, Dyson transformed doubt into fuel that created an empire he still owns and operates today.

    Dyson’s genius stretched far beyond engineering. He was a contrarian thinker whose natural state was to defy the experts. From reinventing hand dryers to fans and hairdryers, Dyson repeatedly turned mundane frustrations into game-changing products. His relentless curiosity and willingness to fail publicly set new standards for innovation. When competitors mocked him, he stayed focused. When patents were threatened, he defended fiercely. Dyson’s story is one of unwavering persistence, unorthodox creativity, and the courage to trust his own instincts—even when everyone else doubted.   

     

    This is the story of James Dyson. Learn how one decision can change everything for a whole family. 

     

    This episode is for informational purposes only and is based on Against the Odds: An Autobiography by James Dyson. Quotes from Against the Odds and James Dyson’s Invention: A Life 

    (02:35) Prologue: The Kitchen Floor Experiment

    PART 1 – EARLY SPARKS OF TENACITY

    (05:05) A Childhood of Resilience and Determination

    (08:19) Gresham’s School

    (11:25) From Art to Engineering: A Defiance of Convention

    (14:58) A Mentor: Jeremy Fry

    (17:37) Just Build It

    (19:23) The Sea Truck

    (22:16) Lessons From The Egyptians

    (24:16) Misfit Mentality

    PART 2: FIRST INVENTIONS AND HARD LESSONS

    (26:48) Reinventing The Wheel(barrow)

    (28:54) Popular Not Profitable

    (30:56) Leaving Ballbarrow with Nothing

    (34:09) History of the Vaccuum

    (36:23) Cyclone in a Sawmill

    (39:17) 5,127 Prototypes

    (41:57) Industry Rejection

    (44:14) Building the Business

    PART 3: BUILDING AN EMPIRE

    (48:15) Passion Over Profit

    (50:04) Beyond Vacuums

    (53:08) R&D Culture & Iterative Design

    (55:44) Patent Wars & Legal Battles

    (57:49) Value of Keeping Ownership

    (59:59) Recap of Dyson’s Journey

    (01:02:55) SHANE’S REFLECTIONS

    Upgrade — If you want to hear my thoughts and reflections at the end of all episodes, join our membership: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠fs.blog/membership⁠⁠ and get your own private feed.

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