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  • How the Prof G Pod Gets Made, What Does It Mean to Be Rich? and What Really Matters in Hiring

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  • How to Lose Fat & Gain Muscle With Nutrition | Alan Aragon

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    0:00:05 Welcome to the Huberman Lab Podcast, where we discuss science and science-based tools for everyday life.
    0:00:15 I’m Andrew Huberman, and I’m a professor of neurobiology and ophthalmology at Stanford School of Medicine.
    0:00:17 My guest today is Alan Aragon.
    0:00:22 Alan Aragon is one of the most influential and respected figures in the fields of fitness and nutrition.
    0:00:27 The reason for that is because of his strict reliance on evidence-based information
    0:00:33 and because he’s co-authored some of the most highly cited and respected studies and reviews on nutrition and fitness.
    0:00:37 His expertise covers nutrition and training for women and for men,
    0:00:42 and for anyone who’s seeking better health, fat loss, muscle and strength gain, or all of the above.
    0:00:46 And in today’s episode, we cover all of that and much more.
    0:00:50 Alan clarifies the myths and the facts around things like seed oils,
    0:00:53 whether or not it’s better to do your workouts fasted for sake of fat burning,
    0:00:58 low-calorie and artificial sweeteners, sugar, alcohol, collagen, and more.
    0:01:02 Alan also explains how to determine your actual protein needs.
    0:01:07 Despite all the discussion nowadays about protein, there’s still a lot of confusion about this, actually.
    0:01:13 He covers the real science on meal timing, protein and carbohydrate intake relative to your training,
    0:01:16 how women’s hormone cycles impact their training and nutrition needs,
    0:01:19 and eating and training for body composition changes for anyone.
    0:01:26 There is just so much advice and information online, but also in the peer-reviewed literature on nutrition and fitness nowadays,
    0:01:33 which makes it very challenging for anyone seeking to understand and implement what really matters toward their fitness and body composition goals.
    0:01:38 If ever there was a voice of practical reason who is grounded in the peer-reviewed data,
    0:01:43 but who is also willing to acknowledge individual differences and preferences when it comes to fitness and nutrition,
    0:01:44 it’s Alan Aragon.
    0:01:50 And today he shares that information with us, and he also makes it clear and actionable as to what really works.
    0:01:51 Thanks to Alan.
    0:01:57 By the end of today’s episode, you will be armed with the latest and best knowledge on nutrition and fitness that you can apply.
    0:02:03 Before we begin, I’d like to emphasize that this podcast is separate from my teaching and research roles at Stanford.
    0:02:10 It is, however, part of my desire and effort to bring zero-cost-to-consumer information about science and science-related tools to the general public.
    0:02:13 In keeping with that theme, today’s episode does include sponsors.
    0:02:16 And now for my discussion with Alan Aragon.
    0:02:18 Alan Aragon, welcome.
    0:02:21 Andrew, it is awesome to be here.
    0:02:23 Like, literally awesome.
    0:02:24 I’m not, it’s no exaggeration.
    0:02:27 This is, uh, I’m super stoked, man.
    0:02:28 Thank you for having me on the show.
    0:02:32 Yeah, well, I’ve learned a ton from you through our online correspondence.
    0:02:34 And we’ve met once before in person.
    0:02:41 Let’s get down to some important, um, topics that are very actionable because this is what I love so much about your work.
    0:02:46 It clarifies so much of the confusion that exists out there.
    0:02:51 Uh, I think this is really one of the signatures of your work is that it clarifies.
    0:03:01 Let’s start off with something that many people have heard, which is that we can only assimilate 30 grams of protein per meal.
    0:03:05 And the simple question is, what constitutes a meal?
    0:03:10 Like, if I eat 30 grams of protein and an hour later I eat 30 grams of protein, did I just eat two meals?
    0:03:12 Can I assimilate 30 grams in each?
    0:03:17 And can I assimilate more than 30 grams of protein under certain circumstances?
    0:03:22 So, what’s the deal with this protein assimilation thing?
    0:03:27 Okay, well, you elucidated one of the issues right in the question.
    0:03:32 It’s like, are we talking about isolated, quickly digesting protein?
    0:03:34 Or are we talking about a slower digesting protein?
    0:03:41 Or are we talking about any one of those within the context of a mixed macronutrient meal with carbohydrate, fat, fiber?
    0:03:47 All of those conditions alter the behavior of what happens physiologically.
    0:03:59 And so, the origin of the whole, you know, 25 grams of protein max is all you can use is the confusion of the two separate concepts.
    0:04:14 So, there is digestion and utilization at the kind of entire body level where protein has various metabolic fates for various systems and just various homeostatic needs of the body.
    0:04:22 And then there is the specific phenomenon of the muscle anabolic response or muscle protein synthesis.
    0:04:29 So, we have to separate, okay, digestion and absorption in general or muscle protein synthesis.
    0:04:35 So, the 25-30 gram cutoff, it’s usually listed like some people say 20.
    0:04:45 That refers specifically to muscle protein synthesis where there seems to be a plateau at 25-ish, 30-ish grams.
    0:04:56 And we thought this all the way until, gosh, from the late 90s, early 2000s, all the way up till 2016-ish or so.
    0:05:04 2016, when McNaughton and colleagues compared 20 grams of protein versus 40 grams of protein.
    0:05:19 But instead of doing what previous researchers did with the training bouts being very low volume, like 8 to 12 sets, you know, a couple different leg exercises, you know, leg extensions, leg presses, 8 to 12 sets total.
    0:05:45 So, it was a little bit more ecologically valid in the sense that they tried to mirror what goes on in the real world with training regimens with people who are trying to build muscle and really elicit this anabolic response.
    0:05:57 So, when they ran this experiment and they compared 20 versus 40 grams of protein, the 40 grams of protein actually had a greater muscle protein synthesis response than the 20 grams.
    0:06:01 And it took us all the way to 2016 to figure that out.
    0:06:15 And then a series of studies just kind of progressed from there and proceeded to kind of debunk this idea that muscle protein synthesis plateaus at 20, 25 grams.
    0:06:20 But now – and there’s some interesting recent studies on that as well.
    0:06:23 Up to 100 grams, as I recall.
    0:06:25 That’s exactly the study I was going to bring up.
    0:06:34 That’s by Joran Tromelin and colleagues where they compared a 25-gram dose with a 100-gram dose post-exercise.
    0:06:36 They used a slow-digesting protein.
    0:06:41 They used milk protein, which is 80% casein, which is a slow-digesting 20% whey, which is fast.
    0:06:44 So, mostly a slow-digesting protein.
    0:06:51 And there was significantly greater muscle protein synthesis with the 100-gram dose compared to the 25-gram dose.
    0:07:04 But my big issue with that study is they really, really needed to include an intermediate dose to see whether there would have been a plateau in MPS with something like, let’s say, 40 or 50 grams.
    0:07:12 And that’s because there’s a lot of other research seeing that plateau somewhere between 30 and 50 grams.
    0:07:16 So, I wish Joran et al. included an intermediate dose with that.
    0:07:18 Maybe a future study.
    0:07:21 Let me just pause you for a second and ask a couple questions.
    0:07:21 Sure.
    0:07:36 If you can give an across-the-board recommendation of how much protein people should consume post-resistance training, let’s just leave cardiovascular training separately for the moment, post-resistance training, what would that number be?
    0:07:38 Would it be 20, 30, 50, or 100?
    0:07:41 Should it scale with body weight?
    0:07:49 And how long after training should one consume that protein if the goal is muscle protein synthesis?
    0:07:59 To maximize muscle protein synthesis, regardless of whether it’s post-exercise, and MPS will be larger with the protein dosing post-exercise than at resting or fasting.
    0:08:09 To maximize MPS, we really haven’t seen doses beyond 50-ish grams, 30 or so to 50.
    0:08:24 My colleague Brad Schoenfeld and I, we scoured the literature, and we wrote this paper on what is the maximal anabolic dose of protein per meal for the goal of muscle building.
    0:08:34 And we boiled it down to somewhere between 0.4 to roughly 0.6 grams per kilogram of body weight.
    0:08:42 And so in freedom units, we’re talking 0.2 to 0.25 grams per pound.
    0:08:47 And that is what appears to max out muscle protein synthesis.
    0:08:49 0.2 to 0.5 grams per pound.
    0:08:50 0.2 to 0.25.
    0:08:51 0.25.
    0:08:52 Yes.
    0:08:52 Okay.
    0:08:58 Yeah, so like about a quarter of your body weight in pounds, if you’re looking at grams of protein, to maximize…
    0:09:00 Per muscle protein synthesis.
    0:09:01 Yes, per meal.
    0:09:09 Okay, sorry, because I think many people, including myself, are going to say, okay, but this is only in the meal post-workout?
    0:09:14 I mean, I wake up in the morning and I try to work out before I eat because I like to do that.
    0:09:15 Sometimes I’ll have a little bit of protein.
    0:09:18 But let’s assume two conditions just for simplicity.
    0:09:32 They did resistance training in the previous two hours or, and they’re trying to evaluate how much protein to eat at that meal in order to maximize muscle protein synthesis.
    0:09:37 Or they’re eating a meal separate on a day they’re not resistance training, right?
    0:09:49 And then as just kind of a generic example of a meal that doesn’t follow resistance training in a window of two hours or so, how much protein should be consumed at these two different meals?
    0:09:53 The answer to that is so weird, Andrew, honestly.
    0:09:54 Really?
    0:09:55 Why does it have to be so weird?
    0:09:57 It’s freaking weird and it’s complicated.
    0:09:57 Oh.
    0:10:10 That’s because, okay, so if we go all the way back to 2003, 2004, and then we walk forward 20 years.
    0:10:22 So John Ivey and Robert Portman put out this book called Nutrient Timing, and they focused on this narrow post-exercise window of opportunity, they called it.
    0:10:24 So the anabolic window.
    0:10:32 And the concept was you needed to consume protein and quickly digesting carbs.
    0:10:49 So a fast digesting protein, lightning fast, highly glycemic, highly insulinic carb source together within 30 to 60 minutes post-exercise in order to maximize the anabolic response, maximize recovery, and then maximize your muscle gain.
    0:10:51 So that was their hypothesis.
    0:10:59 This was all based on subjects who were training after an overnight fast.
    0:11:20 And so what happens when you consume a meal pre-exercise or at any point, let’s say, a regular old mixed meal, medium size, the anabolic slash anti-catabolic effect of that meal is going to last anywhere from three to six hours depending on the size of the meal.
    0:11:32 So when you’re somebody whose goal it is, above all the other goals, is to gain muscle at the quickest rate possible, you’re almost never going to train fasted.
    0:11:37 You’re going to have a pre-exercise meal at some point, at least a couple hours pre-exercise.
    0:11:46 And so when you’re training, you actually still have these substrates in circulation through the exercise bout.
    0:11:56 And oftentimes, like if somebody has a meal like an hour pre-exercise, they’re still absorbing that pre-exercise meal post-exercise.
    0:12:06 So we looked at this whole post-exercise period as something that just doesn’t necessarily have any external validity.
    0:12:12 It doesn’t have relevance to real-world training conditions where people are not training fasted.
    0:12:16 And so what we did was we did a couple of things.
    0:12:21 First, we wrote a narrative review criticizing the post-exercise anabolic window, and this was in 2013.
    0:12:26 We kind of pissed off all the researchers who did the seminal work in that area.
    0:12:27 I’m sensing a theme here.
    0:12:28 It’s teasing.
    0:12:36 And then we actually did a meta-analysis of the existing literature looking at the anabolic window thing.
    0:12:41 And for the listeners, a meta-analysis is a study of the studies.
    0:12:52 You collect all of the studies on a given question, and then you kind of see – you look at effect sizes, and you sort of see where the evidence leans, whether there’s a significant or meaningful effect or not.
    0:12:55 And so we did this meta-analysis.
    0:13:05 And we collected studies that compared a protein timing condition where protein was timed within an hour either pre- or post-exercise.
    0:13:15 And then the control group of the study would have to have protein, a minimum of two hours of nutrient neglect on both sides of the training bound.
    0:13:18 So we collected all the studies that compared these conditions.
    0:13:24 And we had a brilliant stats guy, James Krieger.
    0:13:26 He ran the regression analysis.
    0:13:43 And essentially we found that as long as total daily protein was about 1.66, 1.7 grams per kilogram of body weight, so about 0.7 grams per pound, as long as total daily protein was at that or more,
    0:13:49 then the timing relative to the training bout didn’t make a difference.
    0:13:56 This is important for people to hear because what this translates to in my ears is a very simple takeaway,
    0:14:06 which is that you don’t need to obsess about the post-training anabolic window, especially if you’re eating prior to training.
    0:14:07 Yes.
    0:14:08 Because you have nutrients circulating.
    0:14:15 Now, if you eat your last bite of food at 8 p.m. and you wake up at 7 a.m. and you’re training at 10 a.m.,
    0:14:20 then perhaps by the time you finish your leg workout or whatever resistance training workout,
    0:14:25 you would want to prioritize getting some protein and other nutrients into your system.
    0:14:30 What you’re saying, basically, it’s so logical now that I hear it,
    0:14:34 which is that you have nutrients circulating in your body and stored in your glycogen,
    0:14:36 and so you’re pulling from a reservoir.
    0:14:39 Fasted doesn’t necessarily mean starving.
    0:14:45 General rule of thumb, if you’re burping your pre-exercise meal towards the end of your workout,
    0:14:47 then you don’t need to run towards this.
    0:14:51 This is why I don’t like to ingest anything prior to training.
    0:14:54 Besides caffeine, electrolytes, and water.
    0:15:00 The reason why there’s a weird and complex answer with this is like a single resistance training bout
    0:15:08 causes this sort of, you know, this interesting cascade of things where muscle protein synthesis
    0:15:13 will peak 24 hours after the resistance training bout.
    0:15:21 And it’ll take as long as 48 to 72 hours to kind of come down to baseline levels
    0:15:25 to where you had not done the resistance training bout.
    0:15:30 So the anabolic window is actually not hours, but days.
    0:15:37 So it’s more a matter of making sure you are consuming.
    0:15:41 Well, the first in the order of importance is total daily protein.
    0:15:44 So there’s this hierarchy of importance.
    0:15:46 If you get total daily protein right,
    0:15:52 then the timing of the constituent doses of the total are just a distant secondary concern.
    0:15:56 Even if it’s only distributed across two meals.
    0:15:58 Like let’s say I train in the morning.
    0:16:05 Maybe I have some caffeine and a scoop of a protein shake before,
    0:16:09 like with some whey protein, maybe a few almonds to slow digestion down or whatever.
    0:16:13 Train and then I don’t get to eat until 3 p.m.
    0:16:15 And I only train for an hour, let’s say.
    0:16:20 And then at 3 p.m. I have a little bit of a chicken breast and a salad, maybe a slice of bread
    0:16:21 because I’m on the fly.
    0:16:26 And then that night I get home and I’m hungry and I eat two ribeye steaks.
    0:16:27 I’m exaggerating here.
    0:16:28 I wouldn’t do that.
    0:16:29 I’d like to, but I don’t.
    0:16:37 Those two ribeye steaks probably give you 75 or even 100 grams of protein and a bunch of other things too.
    0:16:40 Can you use all of that for muscle protein synthesis?
    0:16:42 The short answer is yes.
    0:16:47 The nuanced answer is let me tell you about a couple studies.
    0:16:48 Okay.
    0:16:51 Well, as you do that, but let me ask you a little differently.
    0:16:56 Not to shut down the emphasis on studies because that’s why you’re here.
    0:17:06 But is there anything wrong with consuming a high or very high protein meal every once in a while?
    0:17:12 Especially if you’re not eating much or consuming much protein throughout the day.
    0:17:15 And the reason I ask this is for practical reasons.
    0:17:20 Many people find it difficult to distribute their protein evenly through the day.
    0:17:28 Many people also find it difficult to get enough protein in the middle of the day meals or the morning meals.
    0:17:31 It can be done and I know people will say, well, you have some eggs and some protein.
    0:17:32 There are ways to do it.
    0:17:32 Sure.
    0:17:38 But at least in this country, most people tend to emphasize dinner as their largest meal for better or worse.
    0:17:47 And you can usually order high quality, high protein foods in a restaurant like a steak, chicken breast, fish, etc.
    0:17:51 So a lot of people stack their protein heavily towards the end of the day.
    0:17:54 Assuming caloric load is appropriate, etc.
    0:18:02 Is there anything fundamentally wrong or bad about doing that from the perspective of body composition and health?
    0:18:04 I would say no.
    0:18:07 And then there’s levels to it, right?
    0:18:10 Like what population are we looking at?
    0:18:15 Are we looking at guys who are trying to win a national competition in bodybuilding, for example?
    0:18:29 No, we’re talking about men and women, teens up to 75 years old, who are trying to be fit by doing a combination of resistance training and hopefully some cardiovascular training as well, trying to get their steps in.
    0:18:36 We’re talking about the general population, not somebody who’s trying to win a physique competition or run a marathon or ultra.
    0:18:37 Okay.
    0:18:40 So generally, no.
    0:18:44 And I want to qualify that a little bit.
    0:18:52 So my colleagues and I did a study testing out this anabolic window thing.
    0:19:01 This was 2014 where we tested immediate pre-exercise 25 grams of whey protein versus immediate post-exercise 25 grams of whey protein.
    0:19:05 We ran the experiment for 10 weeks.
    0:19:07 Yeah, 10 weeks.
    0:19:08 Yeah.
    0:19:09 Eight or 10.
    0:19:09 Probably 10.
    0:19:16 And there was no significant advantage of either condition.
    0:19:22 And our thinking was, look, everybody’s harping about this post-exercise anabolic window.
    0:19:37 So it really – if there is this opportunity to consume nutrients at prime time to feed the hungry muscles, then you would want to focus on availability of nutrients in circulation and not when you actually consume the nutrients.
    0:19:42 It’s because there’s this time course for them to – for the nutrients to peak in circulation.
    0:19:45 It’s usually somewhere between one and two hours after you ingest the stuff.
    0:19:53 So how about we consume protein immediately pre, and then it will be peaking in the blood like an hour-ish later, and then you’ll be right in the anabolic window.
    0:20:00 So we didn’t see any advantage to the immediate pre-protein versus the immediate post-protein.
    0:20:01 That was in 2014.
    0:20:06 So fast forward to 2024-ish, 23, 24.
    0:20:19 One of my colleagues, Yasin Lak, he took our pre-post model, and he kind of like – he ran his own randomized control trial version of it.
    0:20:26 But he wanted to kind of exploit the possibility of further protein neglect on both sides of the training bout.
    0:20:44 So he compared an immediate pre and post – immediate pre and post 25 grams of protein sandwiching the resistance training bout with a group that neglected all nutrients for three hours on both sides of the resistance training bout.
    0:20:52 Total daily protein was optimized at around close to a gram per pound, two-ish grams per kilogram of body weight.
    0:21:01 No significant difference, no meaningful difference in muscle size and strength gains at the end of the – I believe it was a 10- or 12-week study.
    0:21:03 That’s very reassuring to me.
    0:21:16 I mean because I have a busy schedule as do many people, and sometimes I’m a little hungry before I train, and I’ll want a scoop of protein powder, and I’ll think, oh, is it better – we’ll talk about whether or not it’s better to train fasted for all sorts of reasons.
    0:21:19 Sometimes people don’t like to train fasted.
    0:21:22 Sometimes people don’t like to eat immediately after they train.
    0:21:35 Sometimes you have to shower up and head to dinner after you train or shower up and head to a meeting, and you don’t have the opportunity to ingest in the quote-unquote anabolic window.
    0:21:45 So what I’m hearing through all these answers, correct me if I’m wrong, is that there’s tremendous flexibility as to when you consume the protein that we all need.
    0:21:54 But the overall protein requirement seems to center somewhere around 0.7 to 1 gram per pound of body weight, somewhere in there total per day.
    0:22:01 If the amount in a given meal is a bit higher than 20 or 30 grams, you’re fine.
    0:22:04 If it’s a bit lower, you’re probably fine.
    0:22:15 But the thing that also I believe needs highlighting that most people don’t talk about is distinguishing between what’s in circulation versus when one ingests something.
    0:22:23 Like we love to think that we drink 30 grams of protein or eat the chicken breast or the piece of steak or have the eggs, and suddenly those amino acids are available.
    0:22:33 And it makes so much more rational sense now that you describe it that eating first makes those amino acids available for the muscles a couple hours later.
    0:22:39 And we just don’t learn about it that way, so I’m very grateful that you’re bringing it up that way.
    0:22:44 I realize we could probably drill into protein requirements ad nauseum.
    0:22:46 Think about it this way.
    0:22:50 The way I like to put it is total daily protein is the cake.
    0:22:59 The specific timing of protein relative to the training bout, that is the icing on the cake, and it’s a very thin layer of icing on the cake.
    0:23:03 I’d like to take a quick break and acknowledge one of our sponsors, Carbon.
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    0:23:37 and I’ve been training for a long time and trying to eat right, one of my goals is to hit 50 in the absolute best shape of my life.
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    0:24:01 In fact, some of those people are going to join me in my approaching 50 fitness goals and body composition goals.
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    0:26:53 Let’s talk about fasted training and whether or not it indeed burns more body fat.
    0:26:57 And here, let’s expand the conversation to include cardiovascular training.
    0:26:59 And of course, that’s a vast space.
    0:27:00 It could be long, slow distance.
    0:27:01 It could be high-intensive interval training.
    0:27:08 Anything that gets your heart rate elevated deliberately for 12 minutes or more is kind of how I put it.
    0:27:11 So let’s be broad with what we’re calling training.
    0:27:15 It could be resistance training, circuit training, whole body, body part split, whatever.
    0:27:16 Let’s take all that.
    0:27:25 And let’s define the fast as not having eaten either for four hours during the middle of the day
    0:27:33 or for eight hours or to 12 hours, including sleep the night before, right?
    0:27:35 Because people then say, wait, but I’m fasted because I don’t eat lunch.
    0:27:37 And then I try, okay, it gets really murky.
    0:27:40 And then we’re, and then we could spend 26 hours here and we don’t want to do that.
    0:27:52 So assuming that one trains fasted, does one burn more body, stored body fat in particular
    0:27:58 or just more dietary fat if there’s dietary fat circulating and available?
    0:27:59 Let’s just say lipids.
    0:28:05 I think that when we hear the word fat, people think body fat, but there’s also dietary fat.
    0:28:07 So could you please discriminate between those two?
    0:28:07 Yeah.
    0:28:08 Okay.
    0:28:10 So picture this.
    0:28:18 Picture two people eating the exact same amount of exact same diet, identical diet.
    0:28:24 By the end of the day, same macronutrition, same food selection, everything is identical.
    0:28:30 One person or one of the groups, let’s say we’re running a study, okay?
    0:28:40 One of the groups trains in a genuinely post-absorptive fasted state, eight to 10 hours-ish, eating nothing.
    0:28:46 They will burn more fat during the training bout.
    0:28:47 Body fat?
    0:28:48 Yes.
    0:28:51 They will burn more body fat.
    0:28:55 They will burn more intramuscular fat.
    0:29:03 They will just, their net fat oxidation will be higher than the group that has a breakfast.
    0:29:09 And the group that has the breakfast will essentially be, you know, burning their breakfast during the training.
    0:29:16 So, yes, during the training, there is greater fat burning in the fasted group.
    0:29:21 But once again, we’re looking at two groups who are consuming the exact same diet.
    0:29:30 So, the group who consumed their breakfast is going to consume less stuff, less food, one less meal in the later part of the day.
    0:29:36 So, their fat oxidation is going to be higher in the later part of the day.
    0:29:40 And so, it all comes out even by the end of the day.
    0:29:52 So, that is the kind of the big issue and the big principle with fasted training having, yes, it does burn more fat during training.
    0:29:55 But you’re looking at a snapshot of time within the course of the day.
    0:29:57 You’re not looking at the course of the day.
    0:29:59 But you know what?
    0:30:05 This was a huge idea that persisted throughout the late 80s and early 90s.
    0:30:11 You know, even into the 2000s when Bill Phillips came out with Body for Life and stuff.
    0:30:13 He was big on the fasted cardio and stuff.
    0:30:25 And so, this kind of lore is really cool if you know scientists who are able to rope you in and help you, you know, investigate this stuff.
    0:30:29 So, once again, you know, I got to give Brad Schoenfeld a lot of credit.
    0:30:33 He wanted to test this hypothesis out.
    0:30:45 And so, we took college-age subjects, women, and we compared fasted cardio with fed cardio.
    0:30:51 And the predominant lore at the time was the fat-burning zone, right?
    0:31:00 So, we’re talking low-moderate-intensity cardio, which they carried out for a little less than an hour.
    0:31:15 And we compared an immediate pre-cardio meal, which was a standardized – it was like a meal replacement type of thing, with the same meal consumed post-cardio.
    0:31:22 And then we measured body composition over – people criticized the study for being four weeks.
    0:31:23 But, look –
    0:31:24 It’s hard to run human studies.
    0:31:25 I’ve done it.
    0:31:28 I’ve done a clinical trial in humans.
    0:31:35 It’s very hard to run long-term studies, especially in humans, especially when it involves nutrition and training.
    0:31:36 Yes.
    0:31:37 It’s brutal.
    0:31:39 So, hat tip to you for tackling it at all.
    0:31:42 You’re not going to catch any heat from me on the four weeks thing.
    0:31:42 Good, good.
    0:31:50 But I appreciate that you mentioned the duration of the study because in thoroughness, which you’re characterized for, in thoroughness, people should know it.
    0:31:50 Yep.
    0:31:51 Yep.
    0:31:59 So, this is one of the only existing studies that looked at this question and controlled hypocaloric conditions.
    0:32:10 I actually put together all the studies by hand for each of the subjects, kind of customizing it to their needs and making sure things were hypocaloric, making sure protein was optimized.
    0:32:14 Interestingly, there was no resistance training involved with the study.
    0:32:15 They were just doing their cardio.
    0:32:23 Subjects in both groups maintained their lean body mass, but both groups lost a significant amount of body fat.
    0:32:37 No difference in body fat reduction between groups by the end of the study, whether they did their cardio fed or whether they did it fasted, and that’s because we equated the total nutrition between the groups.
    0:32:40 And you said, again, the subjects were college-age women.
    0:32:41 College-age women, yes.
    0:32:42 And what was the cardio?
    0:32:43 What was the workout?
    0:32:50 And the reason I’m asking is that it’s impressive that they all lost body fat as long as they ate the appropriate amount of calories.
    0:32:53 It didn’t matter when they distributed those calories relative to the exercise.
    0:32:56 And they maintained lean body mass.
    0:33:06 And if they weren’t doing resistance training, I’m impressed that the cardiovascular training was sufficient to allow them to maintain lean body mass.
    0:33:08 What was the cardiovascular workout?
    0:33:22 It was low-moderate intensity, what might be called zone 2 type of cardio, where you can still hold a conversation, but it’s not necessarily a waltz.
    0:33:25 And so the whole idea was to be in the fat-burning zone.
    0:33:39 We wanted to exploit the whole fat-burning zone concept to keep the intensity low-moderate so we can give the fasted cardio condition a chance to show whatever magic it might have.
    0:33:58 But here’s the practical takeaway from that is, number one, we didn’t see a bunch of lean mass loss in the fasted cardio group because there’s this lore saying that, hey, you better not train fasted.
    0:34:02 You know, no matter what, you better not do cardio fasted because you’re going to lose muscle.
    0:34:04 Well, they didn’t lose any lean body mass.
    0:34:20 And when you form practical takeaways from the findings, we can say that if you prefer to train fasted and you just feel better doing your cardio in a fasted state, great, do it fasted.
    0:34:27 If you can’t stand doing fasted cardio and you’d rather have a breakfast beforehand, then go ahead and do that.
    0:34:36 Just know that that’s not going to necessarily hinder your fat loss efforts as long as you’re net hypocaloric by the end of the day or the end of the week.
    0:34:51 And, I mean, those recommendations can change with the type of cardio you do, especially higher intensity stuff or certainly competitive types of sports that involve, you know, endurance performance elements and stuff.
    0:34:58 But that’s the takeaway from our study that fasted versus fed cardio, it doesn’t matter.
    0:34:59 Do it based on personal preference.
    0:35:01 I love it.
    0:35:16 After so many years of trends coming through, train fasted, don’t train fasted, it seems like, as with protein, what I’m learning from you is that there’s a lot more flexibility in time than we might have once thought.
    0:35:20 But that the absolute calories, of course, matter.
    0:35:23 Prioritizing protein matters.
    0:35:25 And I’d like to – and that you still have to train.
    0:35:26 You got to do something.
    0:35:29 And can I add this because I know you’ll appreciate this.
    0:35:36 I’m not going to cherry-pick our study and say that this is the end-all result that is gospel.
    0:35:47 So there’s actually a later meta-analysis a few years later by – I think it’s Hagstrom and Hackett who looked at fasted versus fed training.
    0:35:58 And they overall found no significant differences or significant advantages in terms of body comp improvement, fat loss in the fasted versus the fed conditions.
    0:36:01 As long as total nutrition is equated between the groups.
    0:36:02 Love it.
    0:36:10 This is music to my ears and I’m sure it’s going to be music to everybody’s ears because it just says there’s flexibility, there’s flexibility, there’s flexibility.
    0:36:12 And life is complicated, so more flexibility is good.
    0:36:17 What’s disappointing though, too, if you’re looking for magic, if you’re looking for that special little thing you can do that –
    0:36:20 Well, maybe the magic is in the training consistently.
    0:36:27 The nutrition, including protein, and the knowledge that there’s flexibility.
    0:36:40 I have this saying in my mind lately that the things that make 90% of the difference, like sleep, exercise, nutrition, light, stress management, relationships, et cetera, in our health, are the things we have to do 90% of the days of our lives.
    0:36:44 And that’s why there can continue to be so much discussion around them.
    0:36:46 This is why it isn’t just like here are the basics.
    0:36:47 Okay, you’re done.
    0:36:52 It’s because the things that we have to do every day we often have to be reminded to do every day.
    0:37:19 But along those lines, why is it in your opinion that protein is so critical, that protein be treated as like the cornerstone of good nutrition, especially if one is attempting to consume calories to maintain or perhaps even lose a little bit of body fat, maybe simultaneously maintaining or gaining muscle.
    0:37:22 But let’s set aside muscle gain for the moment.
    0:37:24 Let’s just say like maintain muscle.
    0:37:28 But many people want to lose a few percentages of body fat.
    0:37:33 Why is it that protein is so critical to that process?
    0:37:42 Why is it that indeed calories in versus calories out reigns true, law of thermodynamics, but that protein is so crucial?
    0:37:49 It’s mainly just a couple of things to keep in mind and potentially a third little thing.
    0:37:56 So the big thing about protein and body comp is, number one, protein directly supports lean body mass.
    0:38:04 It directly supports all the lean tissues in the body, skeletal muscle especially.
    0:38:10 And skeletal muscle is basically our metabolic engine that we can control.
    0:38:13 It manages our body’s fuel use.
    0:38:15 And so it’s super critical to support skeletal muscle.
    0:38:17 And protein does that directly.
    0:38:24 And protein is more satiating than carbohydrate and fat.
    0:38:27 And so it’s the most satiating macronutrient.
    0:38:36 The third little detail, well, it’s got the highest cost of metabolism or cost of processing within the body.
    0:38:42 So it’s the most energetically or calorically expensive macronutrient to process within the body.
    0:38:45 So it has a higher so-called thermic effect.
    0:38:55 And so those are basically the three main reasons why protein is so critical to things like body comp improvement, high quality weight loss, fat loss.
    0:38:57 Those are great reasons.
    0:39:00 And what about the hierarchy of protein quality?
    0:39:15 I think of protein quality in terms of quality of protein, meaning the type and ratios of amino acids, the availability of those amino acids relative to the amount of calories one has to ingest to get them.
    0:39:23 Because frankly, I’ve grown tired and slightly irritated at the, oh, you know, these plant-based foods have a ton of quality protein in them.
    0:39:25 And I go, really?
    0:39:38 You have to consume 2,000 calories of that plant or grain in order to get the equivalent amino acid profile from, you know, a four-ounce piece of steak, for instance.
    0:39:42 And this is not an argument that animal proteins are better ethically.
    0:39:52 I’m just saying at a quality as a function of calories ingested, I feel like animal proteins are superior.
    0:39:53 But tell me what the data say.
    0:39:54 Sure, sure.
    0:39:59 Man, this is a lightning rod of a topic here.
    0:40:01 We have a strong audience.
    0:40:02 They can handle it.
    0:40:02 They can handle it.
    0:40:04 All right, you guys, buckle up.
    0:40:05 Brace yourselves, please.
    0:40:12 So gram for gram, as a group, animal proteins are higher quality.
    0:40:13 They’re more anabolic.
    0:40:16 They have a higher proportion of essential amino acids.
    0:40:25 They have a higher amount and proportion of the anabolic driving, the most anabolic driving amino acids, the branched chain amino acids, leucine specifically.
    0:40:36 And in the majority of the literature, when you compare animal versus plant proteins head to head, you see greater muscle protein synthesis.
    0:41:01 Now, with muscle protein synthesis being sort of the short-term indicator of what might indicate a growth trajectory over time, we have to see if we can corroborate that with these longitudinal trials where you drag the experiment out for weeks and months to see if there’s any superiority with the animal versus the plant protein for kind of where the rubber meets the road, which is increasing muscle mass and or strength.
    0:41:07 So there have been a lot of studies comparing animal versus plant proteins.
    0:41:14 And interestingly, okay, so the animal proteins do have the edge in that department.
    0:41:19 And that’s been reported in a couple meta-analyses now.
    0:41:26 One of them compared whey and soy and didn’t find a staggering difference between the two anabolically.
    0:41:30 So we can call soy actually a high-quality protein.
    0:41:40 But when you look at the individual studies, whey still has an edge in terms of – because meta-analyses just like take the data and cram it all together into a single conclusion.
    0:41:44 And so it’s also important to look at the individual studies too.
    0:41:48 So here’s where the story gets interesting.
    0:41:57 There are two studies now that compared a – and this is what’s been missing from the literature.
    0:42:03 Usually we take two groups of omnivores and we supplement them with, let’s say, whey protein.
    0:42:07 And then we supplement the other group with some sort of a plant protein.
    0:42:08 Like pea protein.
    0:42:14 Yeah, pea protein and – interesting thing about pea protein, it actually outperformed whey in one study.
    0:42:21 So in this 2015 study where pea protein supplementation outperformed whey for increasing muscle thickness.
    0:42:22 It was really sad.
    0:42:26 I was really sad to see that because I was weighing it up and I was like, oh, God.
    0:42:27 Yeah.
    0:42:28 What are we doing here?
    0:42:30 That study has not been replicated.
    0:42:31 But, okay, so the interesting part.
    0:42:43 We finally have studies where we’re looking at completely vegan regimen, a group who’s totally vegan, no animal products at all in the diet versus an omnivore group.
    0:42:48 And put them on a resistance training regimen, 12 weeks.
    0:42:51 This was done by Lorraine and colleagues.
    0:42:53 This was like a few years back.
    0:43:05 And so they optimized protein or at least made it at the bottom of optimal at 1.6 grams per kilogram of body weight per day in both groups.
    0:43:06 Okay.
    0:43:12 And so – but the unique thing about this study, it was the first time ever we’re comparing vegans with omnivores.
    0:43:22 So there were no significant differences between groups in muscle size and strength gains by the end of 12 weeks where they were put on a progressive resistance training program.
    0:43:24 It was isocaloric.
    0:43:25 Isocaloric.
    0:43:32 Meaning, for those that don’t know what that means is total number of calories ingested per day, same in the vegan versus omnivore group.
    0:43:33 Yes, that’s right.
    0:43:38 Isocaloric, isomacronutritional, you know, isoproteic, everything.
    0:43:41 Everything is equated between the groups macronutrition-wise.
    0:43:46 No significant differences in the size and strength gains.
    0:43:56 And they’re suspecting – oh, and by the way, the vegan group, their protein intake was boosted up to 1.6 grams per kilo or 0.7 grams per pound.
    0:44:00 It was boosted up by soy protein supplementation.
    0:44:19 So apparently, I mean, we’re beginning to see that at a dose, a total daily protein at 1.6 grams per kilogram of body weight, the totally vegan group was able to hang in there against the omnivore group for muscle size and strength gains,
    0:44:31 at least within the conditions of the study and at least for those 12 weeks and at least for the subjects that were used who weren’t necessarily, you know, these high-level athletes or –
    0:44:39 So you can – if you construct it properly, you can follow a vegan diet as long as you get 0.7 grams per pound of body weight.
    0:44:51 And the weird thing, man, is the vegan diet overall had significantly less essential amino acid content and significantly less branch-chain amino acid content.
    0:45:00 But apparently, the resistance training stimulus is robust enough to make protein effects almost secondary.
    0:45:01 Interesting.
    0:45:02 Yeah.
    0:45:07 Getting right back to exercise probably being the major lever in everything.
    0:45:10 Oh, well, sleep, I would argue, is the major lever over time.
    0:45:11 I would agree, man.
    0:45:11 Yeah.
    0:45:15 But I will say this because then people think if they get one bad night’s sleep to not train.
    0:45:25 I don’t know if you’re familiar with these recent studies showing that you can offset the inflammation that arrives from getting five or fewer hours of sleep the previous night.
    0:45:26 With training.
    0:45:26 With exercise.
    0:45:27 Yeah, yeah.
    0:45:28 You just don’t want to get into a habit of it.
    0:45:31 But if you’re –
    0:45:32 Easier said than done.
    0:45:32 I know.
    0:45:35 If you’re on the fence about whether or not to train because you’re sleep-deprived, train.
    0:45:39 But don’t do that more than one to two days per week ideally.
    0:45:42 And even better would be to get great sleep and train.
    0:45:43 But –
    0:45:46 I know you’re gearing up to hit the next thing.
    0:45:51 I want to mention that this study I just talked about was not a one-off.
    0:46:00 A couple years later, Monteen and colleagues did the same thing, but they used mycoprotein for the vegan group.
    0:46:02 Mycoprotein.
    0:46:04 It’s a fungus-based protein.
    0:46:13 So you’ve seen that – I think it’s on – is it on Netflix or HBO, The Last of Us, where that fungus makes people anabolic?
    0:46:14 I haven’t seen that.
    0:46:14 I haven’t seen that.
    0:46:16 That’s what this is.
    0:46:16 That’s what this is.
    0:46:17 It’s based on this.
    0:46:19 I’m doing a joke about a fictional show.
    0:46:24 Some of the audience will chuckle or just think I just busted the most terrible dad joke ever.
    0:46:27 But it’s a fungus-based protein.
    0:46:30 Commercially, it’s called corn.
    0:46:32 So Q-U-O-R-N.
    0:46:33 Okay.
    0:46:40 It’s one of these weird types of products that is unfortunately expensive.
    0:46:51 And so the plant-based or the animal-free group, their protein intake was boosted with this mycoprotein.
    0:46:56 And then they were compared against omnivores with mixed protein sources.
    0:47:07 And by the end of the study, I believe it was a 12-week study, no differences, no significant differences in increases in muscle size and strength.
    0:47:16 You know, progressive resistance training regimen, once again, not necessarily highly trained people, but we basically saw the same thing.
    0:47:27 As long as total daily protein is where it needs to be, then apparently the animal-free group can hang with the omnivores, at least for the conditions of that study.
    0:47:30 So I always look at these things skeptically.
    0:47:42 But the mycoprotein also outperformed milk protein for muscle protein synthesis in this acute study that preceded this longitudinal study.
    0:47:48 And so there’s some weird stuff that we can look at, aside from animal protein, that could be just as anabolic.
    0:47:57 So, yeah, that’s the story with animal versus plant and or fungus-based protein.
    0:48:01 And so, yeah, I just had to throw in the montine.
    0:48:03 That’s very interesting.
    0:48:09 You know, I think when people hear soy, you know, there’s been this, you know, kind of assault on soy for years.
    0:48:16 And I’ve avoided it, not for any specific reason, but because I prefer other sources of calories.
    0:48:18 I like meat and berries and eggs and this kind of thing.
    0:48:35 But it’s interesting that some of these engineered proteins and soy protein and pea protein, when you really put them to the test under the right conditions, you know, they seem to, gram for gram, they seem to perform just as well as the animal proteins.
    0:48:42 You did mention, however, that satiation, satiety rather, is a key factor.
    0:48:53 So I’d be curious in this study, I don’t know if they measured this, whether the people in the vegan group felt that they were happy with what they were eating as compared to the animal protein group.
    0:48:57 You know, at the end of the day, are they still craving more food?
    0:49:01 Do they feel like they desperately want a ribeye steak?
    0:49:08 In order to follow a fairly strict diet of any kind, but in particular plant-based, one has to have a good reason.
    0:49:14 You know, I think that otherwise you just kind of fall into the availability issue.
    0:49:17 You know, it’s a lot easier to eat an omnivore diet.
    0:49:17 Yeah.
    0:49:18 Yeah.
    0:49:22 That wasn’t measured in either of the studies.
    0:49:47 And I always look at these things skeptically when you used essentially untrained subjects because untrained subjects are always going to kind of incur this newbie gains effect for the training regimen where the gains that you get from the resistance training alone are going to just mask any potential advantage of either protein type.
    0:49:54 And so, you know, people would, well, Stu Phillips will argue with me on that all day long.
    0:49:58 We did a two-day-long Twitter argument about that.
    0:50:02 You spend two days on an argument on X?
    0:50:05 Like, Stu is a freaking legend, man.
    0:50:11 He is a legend in the protein research area, but he will argue with two to three days on Twitter.
    0:50:26 And so, you know, we always end up at the same spot where, look, we need more research to see whether – and this wasn’t about – this wasn’t about vegan versus animal proteins, plant versus animal proteins.
    0:50:29 This was about just total daily protein intake, period.
    0:50:54 We just need more research on highly trained, highly resistance trained subjects to see whether, in fact, a completely plant-based protein regimen that’s optimized calorically and total daily protein amount wise can really run with the animal-based stuff, like the high-quality animal-based proteins.
    0:51:02 And so, it almost depends on where you want to place your bets and where you want to take your risks.
    0:51:10 So, if you’re – if gold is on the line, if first place at a professional or national level is on the line, yeah, I don’t know.
    0:51:11 I don’t know if I would.
    0:51:19 But everybody’s ideology is what it is, and some people are just kind of governed by what they want to stick to.
    0:51:22 So, it really depends on the population and what the goal is.
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    0:54:17 I’d like to talk a little bit about body recomposition.
    0:54:20 Simple question to start off.
    0:54:26 Is it possible to, quote unquote, gain muscle while at the same time losing fat?
    0:54:28 Yes.
    0:54:29 Great.
    0:54:31 That will be reassuring to people.
    0:54:35 Does it require a caloric deficit?
    0:54:37 This is the weird part.
    0:54:42 No, no, and just super interesting, man.
    0:54:49 My friend and colleague, Chris Barakat, he collected all the studies that witnessed this
    0:54:54 recomposition phenomenon with a recomposition, we call it recomp, you know, with simultaneous
    0:54:56 gain in lean mass and loss in fat mass.
    0:54:58 So he collected all the studies.
    0:55:04 He collected 10 studies, and this review was put out five years ago.
    0:55:07 So you can imagine there’s probably a few more studies that have shown recomp now.
    0:55:12 So we can say at least a dozen studies have shown this phenomenon, which we didn’t necessarily
    0:55:15 think was possible like 10 years ago.
    0:55:20 You know, we thought, okay, you need a caloric surplus to gain muscle, and you need a caloric
    0:55:21 deficit to lose fat.
    0:55:29 But what happened in these studies is the recomposition phenomenon is, I think, seven out of the 10 studies
    0:55:35 was a lean mass gain dominant recomposition.
    0:55:40 So in other words, more lean mass was gained than fat was lost.
    0:55:46 So there were net gains in body mass by the end of these trials, which would at least very
    0:55:50 strongly imply that fat was lost in a caloric surplus.
    0:55:59 If you’re going to suggest to somebody the best way to approach this, let’s say somebody, loosely
    0:56:01 speaking, this is not a competitive athlete.
    0:56:07 This could be a man or a woman, assuming that the same advice would pertain to both, is willing
    0:56:12 to do resistance training three to four times per week, let’s say three times per week, do
    0:56:17 some cardio three times per week for about an hour each session for those.
    0:56:29 And they are willing to eat maintenance calories or slightly over, and their goal is to gain
    0:56:30 some muscle and lose some fat.
    0:56:35 Where would you set the calories relative to their needs?
    0:56:37 Would it be an extra two to 500 calories?
    0:56:41 I realize that’s hard to say because we should talk in percentages, but let’s just, let’s just
    0:56:43 keep it broad for sake of a broad audience.
    0:56:47 How much more than maintenance should somebody ingest?
    0:56:50 And let’s assume that when they go in the gym, they know what they’re doing.
    0:56:54 They warm up for five, 10 minutes, and then they train hard.
    0:56:55 They take the sets close to failure.
    0:56:58 They’re doing, you know, three to six sets per body part.
    0:57:00 They’re training with meaningful effort.
    0:57:06 And when they do their cardio, they’re somewhere between zone two and maybe they throw in a, you
    0:57:08 know, a max heart rate workout once a week.
    0:57:12 They do some sprints in the middle of their zone two and go back to, you know, this I think
    0:57:15 is pretty typical of what a lot of people are willing to do or currently doing.
    0:57:23 I would say sort of the simple and direct answer is to try to keep the caloric surplus pretty
    0:57:23 judicious.
    0:57:30 So 10% ish above maintenance conditions, which could, which could be for somewhere between
    0:57:36 a 200, possibly 300 calories above what, what you see as maintenance.
    0:57:44 And the common thread amongst these recomposition studies was that protein was very high.
    0:57:49 Protein was somewhere between a gram to a gram and a half per pound of body weight.
    0:57:50 Interesting.
    0:57:52 So now we’ve upped the protein intake.
    0:57:52 Yes.
    0:57:58 Could we even say that the caloric, this 10% above maintenance should come from quality protein?
    0:57:59 Exactly.
    0:58:00 Yes, yes.
    0:58:06 And there’s a series of studies done by Joey Antonio and colleagues where they fed the
    0:58:16 subjects four to 800 calories above and beyond their habitual intakes just in protein and either
    0:58:22 recomposition happened or no significant change in body composition happened.
    0:58:23 Were they training?
    0:58:25 They were training, they were resistance training.
    0:58:31 So what protein apparently does when you consume very high amounts of it up to, you know, a
    0:58:38 gram, a gram and a half per pound of body weight is it just sort of spontaneously does some
    0:58:39 magical things.
    0:58:41 It’ll drive down your intake of the other macros.
    0:58:52 It will potentially increase your exercise energy expenditure and or your non-exercise energy
    0:58:52 expenditure.
    0:58:55 It will do odd things.
    0:59:00 Like I talked to Joey Antonio when he got some feedback from the subjects on his very high
    0:59:04 protein study where he subjected them to two grams per pound for an eight week period.
    0:59:09 And he had subjects come into him saying, hey, I’m like sweating while I’m sleeping.
    0:59:16 When you say two grams of protein per pound of body weight, are we talking about increasing total
    0:59:24 caloric intake or just using more of one’s daily caloric needs, devoting more of that to quality
    0:59:24 protein?
    0:59:27 See, that’s the super interesting and kind of mysterious part.
    0:59:34 They’re literally saying, okay, maintain your usual dietary habits and then just add 50 to 100
    0:59:36 grams of protein on top.
    0:59:40 So you’re eating an extra chicken breast and a couple of scoops of whey protein or maybe
    0:59:41 some eggs as well.
    0:59:45 And you’re just adding more quality protein, adding more quality protein on top of what you’re
    0:59:45 already eating.
    0:59:49 And we already learned that we can distribute that pretty much wherever we want.
    0:59:53 Just do what’s most comfortable for you relative to your training and other needs.
    0:59:56 And you’re saying then, but they’re sweating in their sleep.
    0:59:57 They’re sweating in their sleep.
    1:00:00 Extra 80 to 100 grams of protein, just add it.
    1:00:04 And it’s a, look, it’s a, it’s a free living study.
    1:00:08 So we’re not surveilling people in a metabolic ward.
    1:00:16 So the increase in protein could have translated to greater energy expenditure through a, you know,
    1:00:19 a number of pathways, non-exercise pathways or exercise pathways.
    1:00:21 It could put more power to the ground during their training.
    1:00:27 There could have been some, you know, sort of some magic thermic stuff going on.
    1:00:28 Who knows?
    1:00:35 But, and also we can’t discount the fact that when you’re telling people to add, let’s say,
    1:00:43 80 or 100 grams of protein to their habitual intake, the weird thing about subjects self-reporting
    1:00:49 is they tend to over-report the healthy stuff that you assign them and under-report the unhealthy
    1:00:50 stuff.
    1:00:51 The good pupil phenomenon.
    1:00:52 Yeah, yeah, exactly.
    1:00:53 Exactly, exactly.
    1:00:58 And so there could be some misreporting going on there, but over a series of like five-ish
    1:01:01 studies now, just stack the protein on top.
    1:01:03 Nobody gains fat and some people lose fat.
    1:01:04 Awesome.
    1:01:06 It’s, yeah, it’s, it is pretty freaking awesome.
    1:01:10 Now here’s the, the, the thing that needs to be said.
    1:01:10 Okay.
    1:01:18 So there was a metabolic ward study done in 2013-ish by Bray and colleagues where they subjected
    1:01:27 and the participants to escalating amounts of protein and the, it was a protein overfeeding study.
    1:01:29 There, there were three levels of protein intakes.
    1:01:36 There was 5% protein diet, a 15% protein diet and a 30-ish percent protein diet.
    1:01:44 The calories, the total calories escalated to, there was no exercise involved with this metabolic ward study.
    1:01:51 And the subjects gained both lean mass and fat mass with the escalating protein amounts.
    1:02:02 So there’s different stuff going on when you lock people up in a metabolic ward and they can’t train and then you’re escalating their protein intakes and calories, they will gain fat and lean mass.
    1:02:12 But in free living conditions with resistance training, if you just over protein the subjects, they actually have a tendency to lose fat.
    1:02:17 And it is, it’s a really interesting phenomenon because it’s been seen repeatedly.
    1:02:19 With men and women?
    1:02:20 With men and women, yes.
    1:02:25 The message I’m getting is if you’re going to add calories, add quality protein.
    1:02:26 Yeah.
    1:02:30 Make sure your resistance training here, I’m building on the previous things we talked about.
    1:02:37 The distribution of the protein probably doesn’t matter as much as just getting the total protein correct.
    1:02:46 So I find it very reassuring that I can train fasted or not fasted, mostly because very few of us have total control of our schedule.
    1:02:50 So sometimes we need to train first thing in the morning and we got to catch a flight or head to work.
    1:02:54 And sometimes people only have time in the evening, this kind of thing.
    1:02:59 I want to make sure that we talk about some of the other macronutrients.
    1:02:59 Sure.
    1:03:04 Because carbohydrates do exist.
    1:03:07 We won’t talk about fiber just now.
    1:03:13 I think, can we actually put fiber onto the shelf quickly by saying fiber is good, right?
    1:03:14 Yes.
    1:03:14 Okay.
    1:03:15 Fiber is good.
    1:03:16 Get fiber.
    1:03:19 The short answer is it’s good.
    1:03:24 Get fiber and get it through fruits and vegetables.
    1:03:30 And if you’re not doing that, get it through some supplement, but ideally through fruits and vegetables, right?
    1:03:33 Fruits, vegetables, legumes, grains.
    1:03:35 Grains are a double-edged sword.
    1:03:37 Because they’re high calorie.
    1:03:41 You got the, you know, you got the refined grains, the flour foods, and then you have the whole grains.
    1:03:45 But even some of the whole grains, there’s such thing as whole grain goldfish crackers.
    1:03:52 So, you know, a bit of a treacherous little area there for people who are trying to economize on the junk and the calories that they consume.
    1:03:56 You can still have a whole grain diet that has just a bunch of crap.
    1:03:56 Right.
    1:04:00 So, fruits, vegetables, but get your fiber.
    1:04:01 Fiber’s key.
    1:04:07 But when we talk about carbohydrates, let’s divide them crudely into starchy carbohydrates.
    1:04:10 So, stuff that basically will melt in your mouth.
    1:04:12 That’s the way I think about it, right?
    1:04:15 A piece of cooked potato, a piece of cooked yam.
    1:04:20 You know, if you, yes, if you put a piece of cooked pasta in your mouth long enough, or even uncooked pasta, it’ll eventually dissolve.
    1:04:21 Or you just inhale it.
    1:04:21 Right.
    1:04:23 Or, well, don’t do that.
    1:04:29 Or, you know, a piece of broccoli, which, you know, most of it is not going to melt in your mouth.
    1:04:33 You’ll be waiting several weeks for, you know, because there’s a lot of fiber there.
    1:04:38 So, this is the crude way of distinguishing between fibers and non-fiberous, you know.
    1:04:40 So, starchy and non-starchy carbohydrates.
    1:04:43 Starches, in some sense, are a great fuel.
    1:04:45 They put glycogen in our liver and muscles.
    1:04:47 They can fuel things like resistance training.
    1:04:50 They can help us think.
    1:04:56 All the ketogenic folks would be like, I think best fasted or I think best keto, but brain likes glucose.
    1:05:03 What is your take on carbohydrates with respect to maintaining or losing body fat?
    1:05:10 Meaning, do carbohydrates make it harder to do that if one is doing everything else equally?
    1:05:17 Meaning, you’re getting exercise, you’re, you know, you’re not exceeding your daily caloric intake.
    1:05:20 Is it, are starches inherently bad?
    1:05:22 That’s a great question.
    1:05:26 I’m in, I defer to the evidence.
    1:05:30 You know, you’ve got, and of course, evidence is its own thing.
    1:05:33 You’ve got, you’ve got research here and then you have observations and anecdote here, right?
    1:05:35 Well, let’s talk primarily about research.
    1:05:37 And, I mean, anecdote is great.
    1:05:43 But it generally tends to circle around to what people find has worked best for them.
    1:05:44 And I’m happy to talk about that.
    1:05:45 I’m sure you’re happy to talk about that.
    1:05:56 But I think what I like to emphasize on this podcast and what you do so beautifully is to talk about, like, what does the best possible set of controlled studies say?
    1:06:01 When kind of lumped together, unless there’s one study that kind of rises above the rest because it was done so well.
    1:06:06 I mean, I think it’s so hard to do quality studies in humans.
    1:06:08 So we have to have that caveat.
    1:06:13 The more you control, the less natural the conditions are, right?
    1:06:15 The more natural the conditions are, the less it can be controlled.
    1:06:24 This is why there will never, there will always be jobs for people in nutrition and fitness because ultimately you bring people into a metabolic ward.
    1:06:25 It’s very unnatural.
    1:06:28 You let them free range and just tell you what they ate.
    1:06:32 They lie or they forget or they, and they cheat.
    1:06:37 They like sneak, they sneak, uh, uh, some starburst and they don’t tell you about it.
    1:06:46 So that’s just life, you know, even clients who are paying you a lot of money, you, you, you, you can’t necessarily trust a hundred percent of what they’re reporting to you.
    1:06:49 You know, much less like a group of subjects in, in, in a study.
    1:06:57 So, um, yeah, the, the carbohydrate thing starch, whether it’s starches, whether it’s sugars, I mean, either one.
    1:07:04 So the body of research on carbohydrate and fat loss, you can distill it down like this.
    1:07:13 As long as between the two groups, you have equated total calories and you’ve equated protein intake between the groups.
    1:07:23 Then body fat reduction by the end of every well-controlled trial in existence, basically shows no significant difference in fat loss between the groups.
    1:07:28 So protein is kind of the great equalizer that protein and, and total calories.
    1:07:31 Now here’s the, the little wrinkle to that answer.
    1:07:49 If you take somebody who’s on a standard Western diet and you put them on a ketogenic diet, or if you control the experiment with like kind of a high carb, a low fat type of regular run of the mill control diet versus a ketogenic diet.
    1:07:52 And you don’t equate protein.
    1:08:00 Then the ketogenic diet will beat the crap out of the control diet every time with fat loss and weight loss because it has more protein.
    1:08:10 And in some cases, uh, you know, if you go as extreme as like carnivore type diet and stuff like that, then you’re looking at a narrowing of your options.
    1:08:16 So the reduction in variety and possibilities also leads to less total caloric intake.
    1:08:26 So with ketogenic diets, there routinely is when it is an ad libitum ketogenic diet that you put the subjects on.
    1:08:26 Okay.
    1:08:32 You maybe explain that libitum, um, to people, uh, whose Latin is lacking or haven’t worked in a lab.
    1:08:32 Yeah.
    1:08:33 Yeah.
    1:08:33 Yeah.
    1:08:34 Yeah.
    1:08:34 Okay.
    1:08:35 No, thanks for that.
    1:08:41 Um, so ad libitum means that you are not consciously calculating or restricting.
    1:08:45 You are just eating as desired, as desired.
    1:08:51 And so when you assign somebody a ketogenic diet where you say, Hey, avoid this, this, and this,
    1:08:52 and that carb food, avoid carbs.
    1:08:57 And that you can eat as much as you, you feel like with the proteins and the fats.
    1:08:58 Go, go do it.
    1:09:05 What happens when you assign somebody that is they spontaneously eat across the range
    1:09:11 of studies, somewhere between four to all the way to 900 calories less per day compared
    1:09:15 to their habitual intakes or compared to the control diet intakes.
    1:09:16 That’s just what happens.
    1:09:17 That’s interesting, right?
    1:09:19 Because they, they could eat more if they want.
    1:09:20 They’re not being restricted.
    1:09:20 Yeah.
    1:09:27 I think this speaks to how satiating protein is and especially how satiating protein and fats
    1:09:28 are in combination.
    1:09:35 I mean, I mean, if I’m hungry on a long drive and I can only eat one thing, I’m assuming
    1:09:39 I have water, which I want with me, I would like, I’m out on the road, I’m on interstate
    1:09:40 five.
    1:09:41 I’ve got no food with me.
    1:09:42 Everything’s closed.
    1:09:45 It’s Christmas day, but there’s a in and out burger.
    1:09:46 They’re probably closed too.
    1:09:49 And I can get two hamburger patties.
    1:09:52 That’s my pick, not the French fries.
    1:09:57 Even though calorie for calorie, I’d be, you know, probably landing about the same place
    1:10:02 more or less because there’s just something so inherently satiating about protein.
    1:10:02 Yeah.
    1:10:06 So that makes sense that the keto diet makes sense.
    1:10:15 The issue I have with the keto diet is that until pretty recently, it was tougher to remain
    1:10:18 in the general social context of life.
    1:10:23 I mean, you can’t have a cracker, I don’t like crackers, but you can’t have a piece
    1:10:24 of sourdough bread.
    1:10:26 That’s rough.
    1:10:27 That’s rough, right?
    1:10:28 We love sourdough around here.
    1:10:32 Yeah, and then people struggle a lot with holidays, right?
    1:10:35 I think the keto is tough for people around the holidays.
    1:10:42 As long as we’re in this category of discussion, what are your thoughts about inflammation?
    1:10:49 And here’s why I ask, and I ask it this way, is I know many, many people who’ve struggled
    1:10:51 with their weight for a very long time.
    1:10:57 A lot of male friends, some female friends, who when they adopt a diet of the following
    1:11:05 things, meat, fish, eggs, Parmesan cheese as the only category of dairy, so hard cheese,
    1:11:13 fruit and vegetables, olive oil, butter, coffee, tea, fine, but no sodas or anything except diet
    1:11:13 sodas.
    1:11:19 They lose significant amounts of body fat, probably some water too.
    1:11:24 So they’re not eating any starches, no rice, no oatmeal, no bread, no pizza, nothing.
    1:11:32 But they have all managed, this is anecdote, but they’ve all managed to lose anywhere from 25 to 50
    1:11:33 or even 60 pounds.
    1:11:37 They’re exercising typically, sometimes just cardio.
    1:11:40 So significant amounts of body weight, and they keep it off.
    1:11:48 And a number of their health challenges seem to resolve themselves, perhaps secondarily
    1:11:49 to the weight loss.
    1:11:55 But I often wonder whether or not this, quote unquote, what some people call a low inflammation
    1:12:01 diet, because there’s so few processed and highly processed foods in this regimen, has additional
    1:12:05 benefits that start to synergize with the fat loss.
    1:12:10 And it’s remarkable how much better they look, how much better they feel, and they can maintain
    1:12:11 that pretty well.
    1:12:15 Because you can say, you know, I’ll pass on the bread and the pie, but, you know, I’m
    1:12:17 going to have double serving of turkey and Brussels sprouts.
    1:12:23 And I, you know, it’s kind of remarkable what can be accomplished with what I just described.
    1:12:25 And yet I don’t know a name for that diet.
    1:12:26 And it’s not my, it’s not what I follow.
    1:12:27 I eat starches.
    1:12:34 But what are your thoughts on inflammation and how certain macronutrient profiles perhaps
    1:12:40 are pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory or something people rarely talk about, which is
    1:12:45 inflammatory neutral, kind of keep you in a neither high nor low inflammation state, but
    1:12:47 just kind of a normal fluctuations in inflammation.
    1:12:51 Long question, but I feel like it’s one I’ve wanted to ask for a while and you’re the guy
    1:12:52 to ask.
    1:12:54 So I’m going to speculate a little bit.
    1:13:05 I think that any diet that facilitates substantial fat loss is going to lower the amount of inflammatory
    1:13:09 cytokines circulating and emanating from the adipose tissue.
    1:13:15 And so if you can get that body fat down, then you can get chronic low-grade inflammation
    1:13:16 down.
    1:13:21 If that body fat is reduced from everywhere, the subcutaneous space, especially the visceral
    1:13:25 space, then you’re going to do a lot of good things for long-term health.
    1:13:35 The reason why the diet that you described is so effective at this is because it lacks hyper-palatability.
    1:13:41 And so the way that you create hyper-palatability, hyper-palatability is basically the tendency
    1:13:47 for a food to be very flavorful, very delicious, and very easy to passively over-consume.
    1:13:59 And so the formula for hyper-palatability is basically refined carbs, fat, mix together, salt
    1:14:01 it, and or make it sweet.
    1:14:11 And there’s your formula for food that is easily, passively over-consumed.
    1:14:20 And the diet that you described doesn’t have these ultra-processed, highly engineered, fat
    1:14:30 carb, refined carb and fat combo foods that we are just kind of driven to just inhale down.
    1:14:38 And so I think that my view could possibly be a little bit too simplistic, but I think
    1:14:42 the inflammation issue is really tied to an excess body fat issue.
    1:14:44 I’m very grateful for that answer.
    1:14:50 And again, I’ve seen so many friends that lose significant amounts of body fat and stick with
    1:14:51 this diet.
    1:14:57 It’s also one that if one were to have a slice of cake or a piece of pizza, you’re not really
    1:15:02 deviating that far from the total contour of the nutritional plan.
    1:15:06 It’s not like you’re suddenly out of keto or something.
    1:15:09 And they don’t tend to cascade into binges and things of that sort.
    1:15:14 I will say that most of these people also quit drinking alcohol at the same time, which
    1:15:15 probably has its own benefits.
    1:15:15 Yeah, yeah.
    1:15:17 We’ll return to alcohol a little bit later.
    1:15:22 And there are some nutrients that are directly anti-inflammatory, like omega-3 fatty acids,
    1:15:25 huge literature on their anti-inflammatory effects.
    1:15:27 Do you supplement with those personally?
    1:15:29 I do.
    1:15:30 You take fish oil.
    1:15:31 I do.
    1:15:38 And I know that there is some controversy and some infighting with the idea of supplementing
    1:15:38 with fish oil.
    1:15:41 Now people are afraid of atrial fibrillation and things like that.
    1:15:44 But I’ve been doing it.
    1:15:53 And if you look at the literature, especially the randomized control trials, it is mostly good
    1:15:53 stuff, man.
    1:15:57 I mean, you could find negative literature on almost anything that you do.
    1:16:04 But on balance, I am still comfortable with supplementing with fish oil at this point in
    1:16:09 time, regardless of the mounting evidence that, oh, it might not do anything or, oh, it might
    1:16:12 have this or that potentially adverse effect.
    1:16:17 I kind of think it’s a no-brainer if you’re not somebody who eats fatty fish regularly through
    1:16:17 the week.
    1:16:18 Yeah.
    1:16:25 The high quality sources of fatty fish tend to be very expensive and they’re harder and
    1:16:27 harder to find and talk about controversy.
    1:16:32 You get into this debate about whether like different sources of salmon and it gets really
    1:16:33 messy.
    1:16:37 I’m sure there are great sources out there, but that’s a whole discussion into itself.
    1:16:39 I take fish oil also have for many years.
    1:16:40 I plan to continue doing it.
    1:16:44 And, you know, so I’m grateful to hear that you do as well because you’re the expert.
    1:16:45 We’re both on that train.
    1:16:46 We’re rebels.
    1:16:46 Yeah.
    1:16:51 So the, yeah, the anti-inflammation effect, if nothing else, seems to warrant that.
    1:16:55 I’d like to, I’d like to talk about sugar.
    1:17:02 I’ve had people on this podcast, um, sit where you’re sitting and basically paint a picture
    1:17:09 of sugar that it is not quite as bad as crack cocaine and meth, but not too far from that
    1:17:11 kind of exaggerating.
    1:17:18 And I’ve had, um, people who land in the more, um, kind of tempered response to sugar, but
    1:17:18 let’s define sugar.
    1:17:19 Sure.
    1:17:26 Um, we’re not talking, when I say sugar, I’m not talking about fructose in fruit because
    1:17:32 in fruit you’ve got, uh, fructose, but you’ve got fiber and there’s a high water content and
    1:17:38 some, sure, some fruits have higher fructose content than others, mangoes versus apples,
    1:17:39 for instance, or something of that sort.
    1:17:45 But when I’m talking about sugar, I’m talking about if one looks at a package or a label and
    1:17:50 sees added sugars, how bad are added sugars?
    1:17:55 Because those are really the ones that tend to, you know, fall into this bin of quote unquote
    1:17:57 bad sugar in a lot of people’s minds.
    1:17:58 Okay.
    1:18:08 So they, they, they dilute the, uh, the nutritive value of the diet and they contribute to hyper
    1:18:08 palatability.
    1:18:14 If you’re talking about extrinsic sugars added to, to the diet, you know, they, they’re only
    1:18:20 really only two sources of intrinsic, um, sugars are in fruit and in, in milk.
    1:18:27 Um, everything else you’re just pretty much adding it, the exception of like maybe agave, but
    1:18:36 that’s kind of a, uh, a rare esoteric thing, but added sugars to the diet should be consumed
    1:18:36 judiciously.
    1:18:46 Uh, the working, um, recommendation is to try to limit added sugars to the diet to 10% of total
    1:18:46 calories.
    1:18:52 So if you’re somebody who likes to put maple syrup on whatever you might do, or somebody who
    1:18:57 likes to put honey on whatever you might do, then you may want to limit that to typical,
    1:18:58 let’s say 2000 calorie diet.
    1:19:03 You might want to limit it to like a maximum of 40, 50 grams a day.
    1:19:05 That still seems high.
    1:19:06 It does.
    1:19:07 40, 50 grams.
    1:19:09 Who’s eating that much sugar?
    1:19:10 If that me.
    1:19:11 Oh, really?
    1:19:12 You have a sweet tooth?
    1:19:12 No, no.
    1:19:14 I love honey and I, and I love maple syrup.
    1:19:16 Oh, see, I have a savory tooth.
    1:19:21 Like if I, I have to try and not eat the entire block of Parmesan cheese.
    1:19:22 I have both, man.
    1:19:29 I’ve, I’ve, I’ve, I always joke that I have an inner fat boy within me, but I actually have
    1:19:33 been technically obese by BMI standards, like, uh, 10 years ish back.
    1:19:35 You’re, uh, how old now?
    1:19:36 53.
    1:19:37 Great.
    1:19:38 Well, you seem to be in great shape.
    1:19:40 No hormone augmentation.
    1:19:41 We clarified that earlier.
    1:19:43 I asked, this is what guys ask each other nowadays.
    1:19:45 You on, are you doing any hormone augmentation?
    1:19:45 No.
    1:19:50 So, um, Alan says no, and I believe him completely, but yeah, you’re in great shape at 53.
    1:19:51 Thank you.
    1:19:54 Um, and you have a sweet tooth and a savory tooth.
    1:19:55 So I do, man.
    1:19:56 How do you contend with it?
    1:19:56 I do.
    1:19:57 Oh, okay.
    1:19:59 So that’s a great question.
    1:20:01 Cause I can dish out something practical here.
    1:20:05 Protein powder, protein powder satisfies the heck out of my sweet tooth.
    1:20:09 And, um, I, I actually don’t have the full 50 grams of, uh, added sugar.
    1:20:17 I might add like a tablespoon of, um, maple syrup to my coffee in the day.
    1:20:17 Yeah.
    1:20:18 Yeah.
    1:20:18 Dude, dude.
    1:20:18 Okay.
    1:20:23 So, you know, those mocha, mocha pot thingies, uh, mocha pot.
    1:20:24 It’s called mocha pot.
    1:20:27 Um, it’s like some, it’s a piece of hardware.
    1:20:28 Yeah.
    1:20:29 Yeah.
    1:20:29 Yeah.
    1:20:29 Yeah.
    1:20:34 It’s the thing where you, it’s this odd, like, oh, right.
    1:20:36 It’s like an hourglass, uh, shaped, uh, coffee.
    1:20:36 Yes.
    1:20:37 Yeah.
    1:20:37 Yes.
    1:20:38 Okay.
    1:20:40 So I have that.
    1:20:46 And, um, what I’m trying to do, I’m trying to duplicate the, uh, the, the, the Thai coffee.
    1:20:47 Is it Thai?
    1:20:48 What is it?
    1:20:50 It’s Thai iced tea.
    1:20:54 It’s really fricking good coffee that either Vietnamese, Vietnamese coffee.
    1:20:54 Yeah.
    1:20:55 I love Vietnamese food.
    1:20:56 I don’t drink the Vietnamese coffee.
    1:20:57 It’s too sweet for me.
    1:21:01 Dude, I’m trying to do a version of that with the mocha pot.
    1:21:05 And if I put maple syrup in that tablespoon, it’s fricking awesome.
    1:21:08 And I have that with, uh, with half and half.
    1:21:09 It’s really good.
    1:21:13 Um, you got a, you got a fat sugar combination plus caffeine.
    1:21:15 You do this in the morning before you train.
    1:21:16 I’ve been doing it.
    1:21:18 I go through these phases, but I have that.
    1:21:24 And so the extent of added sugar in my diet is that tablespoon of, of maple syrup.
    1:21:25 So I, you know, I do agree with you.
    1:21:27 The 50 grams could, could be a little bit up there.
    1:21:29 Uh, listen, I’m, I’m not here to judge.
    1:21:33 I, like I said, if I had a sweet tooth, I, what’s interesting.
    1:21:34 I used to have one.
    1:21:37 I lost it over the course of about a decade.
    1:21:41 I used to love like sour patch gummies and gummies.
    1:21:42 And I love the gummy.
    1:21:44 I love fruity tastes and that kind of thing.
    1:21:49 I lost it by doing something that probably has no scientific basis.
    1:21:56 But, uh, I heard years ago that if I took a teaspoon of L-glutamine and put it in high
    1:22:01 fat, in half and half, in cream basically, and took a shot of that twice a day, that it would
    1:22:03 kill my sugar cravings.
    1:22:05 And I did that and it weaned me off sugar.
    1:22:09 And then I increased my protein intake.
    1:22:13 So it could have been any combination of things or it could be total placebo.
    1:22:15 I mean, so I, I want to acknowledge that.
    1:22:21 Um, although I’ve recommended this to some self-professed sugar addicts.
    1:22:21 Okay.
    1:22:26 And they’re like, yeah, it kills the sugar craving, but then they always add the, but I still miss
    1:22:28 my, you know, whatever.
    1:22:30 They long for the, the sugary thing.
    1:22:31 I don’t any longer.
    1:22:34 This is where I headed off the, the, the sweet stuff.
    1:22:41 I make protein smoothies and they’re just, they’re artificially sweetened.
    1:22:46 So it satisfies, um, that, you know, that dessert craving, if you will.
    1:22:54 Well, along the lines of artificial sweeteners, um, why, if you want something sweet, wouldn’t
    1:22:57 you just replace the, the honey with like stevia?
    1:23:03 Cause it doesn’t create the same, um, satiety that, that the maple syrup does for you.
    1:23:04 Oh man.
    1:23:05 Okay.
    1:23:13 So maple syrup aside, um, the, you get caloric savings, you know, if, if, if your protein
    1:23:20 powder is artificially sweetened, let’s say with, with stevia or sucralose or monk fruit
    1:23:26 or whatever is being used in the product, um, you get caloric savings and you just kind of
    1:23:29 get the, the macro savings if you will as well.
    1:23:36 And so protein powders are like, I mean, in my opinion, they’re just such a breakthrough
    1:23:42 because they satisfy the protein requirements or they significantly augment the protein requirements
    1:23:47 and they take care of like essentially having something that, that is the experience of a
    1:23:47 dessert.
    1:23:51 To me anyway, I make some really good fruit smoothies.
    1:23:53 I use frozen fruit protein powder.
    1:23:56 Um, sometimes I do like a mocha type of smoothie.
    1:23:59 Sometimes I do like a tropical fruit type of milkshake.
    1:24:00 Yeah.
    1:24:01 It is like a milkshake, right?
    1:24:02 Yeah.
    1:24:04 So you mentioned artificial sweeteners.
    1:24:06 So let’s, uh, let’s double click there.
    1:24:07 Sure.
    1:24:13 I’ve seen some literature that points to the possibility that they might be quote bad for
    1:24:14 the gut microbiome.
    1:24:15 Those are animal data.
    1:24:21 There are some human data, but I think nowadays saying artificial sweeteners is too broad.
    1:24:23 As we say in science, there are lumpers and splitters.
    1:24:29 And I think we need to split that because there’s low calorie sweeteners like stevia, right?
    1:24:30 Um, that are not artificial.
    1:24:33 There’s a technically plant derived.
    1:24:37 And then there’s artificial sweeteners like aspartame, sucralose, saccharin.
    1:24:43 And my understanding is that sucralose and saccharin have some bad properties if consumed in excess.
    1:24:47 What is the deal with artificial sweeteners?
    1:24:50 So we’re talking aspartame, sucralose, saccharin.
    1:24:51 Let’s just focus on those.
    1:24:51 Sure.
    1:24:55 And let’s leave aside monk fruit, stevia, et cetera, for the time being.
    1:24:56 Okay.
    1:25:03 You can pretty much simplify it by saying out of all the sweeteners that we study, whether
    1:25:10 they’re the natural kind or whether they’re the artificial kind, it’s saccharin that is
    1:25:12 showing a lot of the adverse potential.
    1:25:22 So for example, the negative effects on gut microbiome that have led to impaired glucose tolerance
    1:25:24 in humans over a short period of time.
    1:25:30 Of course, they, you know, the dose is debatable that they’re flooding these humans with, but
    1:25:39 nevertheless, it’s saccharin that showed these effects with even body weight gain comparing
    1:25:43 saccharin, sucralose, and I believe it could have been one of the others, aspartame.
    1:25:52 The saccharin group, apparently maybe appetite was dysregulated, actually gained weight.
    1:26:01 And so there is something about saccharin that is not great as far as the range of low calorie
    1:26:02 sweeteners go.
    1:26:08 But thankfully, saccharin is almost commercially extinct.
    1:26:13 It’s hard to find saccharin unless you go to a Denny’s or some sort of greasy spoon place
    1:26:15 and you get those pink, little pink packets.
    1:26:22 So now we’ve got this other range of low calorie sweeteners to choose from, and it’s a little
    1:26:30 bit of a mystery of which of these low calorie sweeteners has the best health and body count
    1:26:31 proposition to it.
    1:26:34 But they’re all pretty much in the same boat.
    1:26:38 You can find a bunch of good stuff with stevia, like the dirt on artificial sweeteners.
    1:26:40 You can find a bunch of potential dirt on aspartame.
    1:26:44 You can find a bunch of potential dirt on sucralose.
    1:26:47 Stevia, it’s a little bit harder to.
    1:26:51 Maybe even some benefits of stevia, right?
    1:26:52 Yes.
    1:26:52 Yes.
    1:26:53 Benefits too.
    1:26:56 Improved glucose tolerance and things of that sort.
    1:26:58 So I’m not afraid of stevia.
    1:27:00 I always called it stevia, but now it’s stevia.
    1:27:01 That’s me.
    1:27:02 Stevia is a me thing.
    1:27:02 Okay.
    1:27:05 So I’ll call it stevia.
    1:27:08 I’ll call it stevia for this conversation.
    1:27:09 Thank you.
    1:27:10 So tomato, tomato.
    1:27:15 I’ve heard it’s potentially good for us.
    1:27:19 No good evidence it’s bad for us.
    1:27:24 So if you don’t mind the taste, and I happen to like the taste, stevia seems like a perfectly
    1:27:26 fine thing to include in one’s diet.
    1:27:31 Yeah, I tend to be amenable to all artificial sweeteners, honestly.
    1:27:36 Even aspartame, it’s, you know, the sheer amounts that you would have to consume of these
    1:27:42 things, even hypothetically to incur negative health outcomes is just absurd amounts.
    1:27:47 It’s probably, you know, more dangerous to step outside and breathe in the LA air, you
    1:27:53 know, than engage in like some, you know, aspartame or sucralose on a regular basis at, you know,
    1:27:54 one or two cans a day.
    1:27:57 I don’t think that can affect people in the course of a lifetime.
    1:27:59 Thank you for that clarification.
    1:28:00 Very hard to study though.
    1:28:03 It’s not like you can find out definitively.
    1:28:03 Right.
    1:28:09 Although my read of the literature of people that drink artificially sweetened soda or stevia
    1:28:16 sweetened soda as an augment to their efforts to consume fewer than needed calories per day
    1:28:21 in order to lose body weight, body fat in particular, is that diet sodas can actually be a great
    1:28:23 assistance to people.
    1:28:24 Yes.
    1:28:28 You know, and I went back and forth on this literature because I thought, no, water would
    1:28:34 be better, but they compared water, two liters a day or a liter or more per day of diet soda.
    1:28:41 And it seems like it’s a pretty good weight loss tool for people that would otherwise be drinking
    1:28:45 soda or would otherwise be drinking just water, which really surprised me.
    1:28:50 I’d love to say water is the best, but for weight loss, maybe diet sodas actually provide an important
    1:28:50 role for people.
    1:28:51 Yeah.
    1:28:53 That was an interesting finding.
    1:29:01 I do think that the most, if not all, of the controlled intervention trials show positive
    1:29:09 effects of artificially sweetened or low calorie sweetened beverages on weight loss and all of
    1:29:14 consequences of the metabolic consequences of what happens with weight loss and they’re all positive.
    1:29:21 There’s some observational literature that casts some doubt on whether diet sodas are a good thing or not,
    1:29:33 but then we have the issue of, in quotes, reverse causality where people who are in poor health are sort of seeking out these diet sodas rather than the diet sodas causing the poor health.
    1:29:42 But on balance, artificially sweetened beverages tend to be a net positive for health.
    1:29:53 But I know that a lot of people have a lot of issue with that because, you know, people have just sort of this natural hippie streak within them that would want to preach only water, water, water.
    1:29:54 But, and you know what?
    1:30:01 I think it’s a good idea to practice drinking plain water to, you know, to get that experience of it being a positive thing.
    1:30:15 And I encourage it, but sort of the vilifying of artificially sweetened beverages is just not necessarily founded in, in, especially the controlled intervention literature.
    1:30:20 I’d like to take a quick break and acknowledge one of our sponsors, Function.
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    1:32:12 Is there any evidence that coffee or other caffeinated drinks have a thermic effect that allows you to burn more fat?
    1:32:21 So if I drink – I’m a Yerba Mate fan, so if I drink cold brew Yerba Mate or hot brew Yerba Mate before working out, let’s forget fasted.
    1:32:23 I happen to do it fasted and then train.
    1:32:28 Am I going to burn – mobilize more body fat by ingesting a stimulant like caffeine prior to working out?
    1:32:33 Yes, and yeah, it’s a pretty consistent finding.
    1:32:47 The issue is whether the amount that occurs is something meaningful that would be durable enough over time for us to be able to say,
    1:32:53 hey, we can use coffee and or caffeine as an agent to enhance fat loss.
    1:33:03 I’m not sure if we’re there yet, but the literature on balance shows a modest effect, a modest advantage on fat loss with caffeinated beverages like tea and coffee.
    1:33:04 Great.
    1:33:06 I don’t think that’s discussed very often these days.
    1:33:15 That was kind of more in the 90s, but I think it’s a great thing for people to hear because 90% of adults worldwide consume caffeine every single day.
    1:33:17 It’s the most widely used drug in the world.
    1:33:22 Man, you know, I just looked at this huge umbrella review on coffee and health effects.
    1:33:25 It’s net positive.
    1:33:28 I was very happy to see that.
    1:33:28 On what sorts of metrics?
    1:33:31 A range of clinical outcomes.
    1:33:41 Cardiovascular health, different effects on sort of intermediate markers, mortality even.
    1:33:53 So almost everything that we can think of that most people generally care about, coffee either has a neutral or positive effect on it,
    1:33:58 but the threshold of benefit sort of cuts off at three to four cups a day.
    1:34:04 So much more than that or, you know, after that threshold, then we’re looking at potential detriment.
    1:34:13 I suppose the only thing is to remind people to not consume caffeine too close to bedtime, because even if you can fall asleep, it’s going to disrupt the architecture of your sleep.
    1:34:24 But I am sure so many people are so relieved, even delighted to hear that coffee and other forms of caffeine are healthy for us, maybe even pro-longevity.
    1:34:26 Coffee and tea, yes.
    1:34:26 That’s for sure.
    1:34:34 Whereas it’s been debated, and it continues to be debated, whether alcohol is good or bad for longevity.
    1:34:38 Last week, another study saying champagne was good for longevity.
    1:34:39 I think it was.
    1:34:52 But plenty of studies recently showing that alcohol increases cancer risk so much that the federal government now is talking about putting this on the label of any alcohol-containing drink.
    1:34:55 I have an issue with that.
    1:34:57 Yeah, about putting that on the label?
    1:34:57 Yeah.
    1:34:58 Yeah, please share.
    1:35:04 So we can’t lump alcoholic beverages into this single bucket.
    1:35:20 The literature on red wine specifically, man, you would be hard-pressed to find carcinogenic effects from red wine, either epidemiologically or interventionally,
    1:35:28 and even down to like the mechanistic in vitro stuff, like tumorigenesis, anything like that.
    1:35:30 It actually has anti-cancer effects.
    1:35:44 And, you know, even the brain-shrinking threat of alcohol intake, red wine consumers actually in at least one controlled trial showed improvements in neuropsychological tests.
    1:35:52 And so I don’t think we can say alcohol as a group.
    1:36:01 We have to sort of look at the individual drinks because I’m sure there’s differences between red wine versus some other alcoholic beverage.
    1:36:08 But people study the crap out of red wine, and there’s almost nothing but good stuff that comes out of the red wine literature.
    1:36:12 Who knows how biased it might be commercially or other.
    1:36:15 But that’s another thing.
    1:36:23 I don’t like to dismiss studies based on funding source, but the red wine literature is almost all positive.
    1:36:27 I feel like I have to push on this a little bit.
    1:36:44 I think assuming everything about those studies is intact and not biased, et cetera, I do think that when people are consuming alcohol and thinking about the potential longevity effects of red wine, that there’s some questions that come to mind.
    1:36:47 First of all, what is the caloric trade-off?
    1:36:52 You know, so if you’re drinking a glass of wine, you’re consuming calories, perhaps not a problem.
    1:36:58 Perhaps that’s taking up room for quality nutrients that could come from other sources.
    1:37:11 I have a theory, which is that the controversies in the alcohol, around the alcohol literature and longevity, in my mind, could boil down to something as simple as sleep disruption.
    1:37:25 For instance, drinkers have more inflammation, but in those particular studies, perhaps, I’m speculating here, they’re drinking with dinner, and we know that disrupts sleep architecture, reduces REM sleep, deep sleep.
    1:37:35 I mean, this has just been shown over and over again, and chronically over time, especially on a backdrop of a high-stress lifestyle, perhaps leads to more systemic inflammation and poorer health outcomes.
    1:37:52 In another culture, maybe in Sardinia or something, or in one of these, dare I say, blue zones, people perhaps are eating and drinking and living longer and have lower inflammation because, you know, they might drink just as close to sleep,
    1:37:58 but they have a smoother, lower stress entrance into the next day, and so the disruption in sleep might not be a problem.
    1:38:00 There’s an afternoon nap in many of those cultures.
    1:38:08 So when I look at sleep as kind of the foundation of mental health and physical health, which is clear it’s at least one of the layers of the foundation,
    1:38:17 I then wonder whether or not the alcohol studies can be evaluated just strictly on the basis of the measures that are being taken,
    1:38:27 and that if we start to think about the context in which alcohol consumption is occurring, social context, sleep hours, stress and lifestyle, genetic predisposition to cancers,
    1:38:34 that sort of high-processed food, you know, and on and on and on and on, I wonder whether or not some of this is going to shake out in the noise, as we say.
    1:38:45 I need to qualify, I agree with all that, and here’s the thing, like my statements on alcohol mainly had to do with red, wine and cancer.
    1:38:56 So if we look at a typical, what would we consider a moderate amount of drinking, one to two glasses a day for little people,
    1:39:03 and then let’s say two to three glasses a day for larger people, that is sort of the kind of the moderation models for those two.
    1:39:14 Regardless, so red wine or not or something else, there is a degree of disinhibition that occurs with drinking that can make you say,
    1:39:18 ah, screw it, and potentially have you just wipe out the entire pasta plate, for example.
    1:39:31 And so there’s the disinhibition piece, and there’s also the inherent calories piece to where I don’t know a whole lot of guys
    1:39:38 who I am aspiring to become look like, body comp wise, who are regular significant drinkers.
    1:39:41 Most of them barely drink.
    1:39:44 Okay, so that’s sort of the observational side of things.
    1:39:50 And then there’s the addiction side of things, where you read the stats on the percentage of the general population
    1:39:52 that has some degree of alcohol use disorder.
    1:39:55 It’s a staggering percent, 10%.
    1:40:00 So in a room of 10 people, chances are one of them is going to have alcohol use disorder.
    1:40:01 That’s gnarly.
    1:40:08 Well, it’s the easiest addiction to mask because, you know, alcohol is so freely available.
    1:40:10 It’s everywhere, and people don’t-
    1:40:11 It’s glamorized.
    1:40:11 It’s the one-
    1:40:16 Alcohol intake, at least until recently, things are changing, is the one-
    1:40:18 It’s the one drug, because alcohol is a drug.
    1:40:19 Then again, caffeine is a drug.
    1:40:26 It’s the one drug that if you don’t consume it as an adult, people often-
    1:40:27 Do you get shamed?
    1:40:29 Are put off by that, right?
    1:40:32 They’re like, hey, like, what’s wrong with you kind of thing?
    1:40:34 Or like, I thought real men drink or something like that.
    1:40:39 So I quit drinking a long time ago, and I didn’t have alcohol use disorder, but I didn’t like
    1:40:41 it because I wouldn’t sleep well, and I like to train in the morning.
    1:40:44 So when people would say, like, you don’t drink, what’s wrong with you?
    1:40:48 And I said, no, I train in the morning while you’re sleeping, and then let’s check in.
    1:40:49 I used to be a little-
    1:40:51 In my 30s, I was kind of cocky.
    1:40:55 So at meetings, you know, I’d say, they’d be like, oh, you’re going home at 9 p.m.
    1:40:55 on the first night.
    1:40:58 I’m like, yeah, but let’s check in on Wednesday of this five-day meeting.
    1:41:01 Let’s look at how you’re hanging in there versus how I’m hanging in there.
    1:41:07 And so I was always interested in the long arc of things, how I could maintain eight or
    1:41:11 nine out of 10 performance, maybe even 10 out of 10 performance, day after day, after
    1:41:11 day, after day.
    1:41:17 Not necessarily a healthy mentality, but this is what happens if you have my mentality, and
    1:41:19 I think it’s typical of many people.
    1:41:22 So for me, drinking was a hindrance to life performance.
    1:41:28 I think for many people, alcohol is the way that they mesh with the people around them,
    1:41:33 and I respect the fact that that exists, that it’s hard to be the odd person out.
    1:41:36 It can be socially isolating, and social connection is important.
    1:41:40 Here’s what I found with quitting alcohol, a couple of funny things.
    1:41:41 Number one, I did get shamed.
    1:41:52 I was in the Dominican Republic at the dinner table, and I like pina coladas, virgin pina coladas.
    1:41:58 So I ordered a virgin pina colada, and the server just cracked up, and it laughed at me and made
    1:42:00 fun of me for doing a virgin drink.
    1:42:04 So I actually have gotten shamed for ordering a virgin pina colada.
    1:42:11 But one of the reasons that I was afraid to quit is because I thought that events would
    1:42:12 lose their fun.
    1:42:22 I felt like I would sort of lose my ability to, you know, be social and have fun and have the same
    1:42:26 degree of, you know, it’s a weird thing.
    1:42:31 You don’t know until you quit drinking that things are just as fun.
    1:42:39 You’re obviously you’re lucid, and you take a lot more in, and you can, you know, you can
    1:42:43 enjoy everything moment to moment, and there’s no lost patches of time.
    1:42:50 And the interesting thing and the positive thing about quitting drinking for me, and I haven’t
    1:42:58 drank not one, not one drink in almost seven years now, come August, is that it taught me
    1:43:05 how to sit in my feelings and cope with the stress and come up with solutions.
    1:43:11 Whereas prior to that, oh, I know the solution, put the alcohol bandaid on it.
    1:43:15 But I think that impairs character building.
    1:43:18 It impairs problem solving capabilities.
    1:43:25 It impairs coping capabilities, and I think those are super important for just basically
    1:43:26 being an adult.
    1:43:34 And so those were kind of the hidden benefits that I experienced from quitting alcohol on
    1:43:41 top of having better training sessions, having better training recovery, consuming a thousand
    1:43:46 calories less per day, or almost a thousand calories less per day, improvements in body composition,
    1:43:54 just mental health, all departments of life just kicked up and improved after I quit drinking.
    1:44:02 But see, I was one of those one in 10 who got into the drinking routine, and I’m one of those
    1:44:04 guys, if I like something, I’ll have it every day.
    1:44:12 Like, I’m probably going to have either coffee and or eggs every day for the rest of my life.
    1:44:15 Same thing happened with alcohol.
    1:44:20 But the thing with alcohol is you have to try to maintain the buzz, which increases over time
    1:44:22 because of tolerance, as you know.
    1:44:27 So that was the issue, you know, with with me and alcohol.
    1:44:29 And so well, thanks for sharing that.
    1:44:31 Again, we’re not here to ram anything down anyone’s throat.
    1:44:33 But I think there are many.
    1:44:36 And I think that many people can do alcohol in moderation.
    1:44:39 I just was one of them who was much better off quitting.
    1:44:40 Great.
    1:44:42 Well, I appreciate you sharing that very much.
    1:44:47 So let’s talk about seed oils, the dreaded seed oil debate.
    1:44:50 Should we fear them or not fear them?
    1:44:57 Let’s assume somebody is going to maintain calories like they’re not adding seed oils as a source
    1:45:00 of additional calories above what they would normally be taking in.
    1:45:01 But let’s say they have the choice.
    1:45:10 They can consume a seed oil like canola oil or soybean oil, or they can consume olive oil in
    1:45:11 place of it.
    1:45:16 And let’s just compare like which one is better, if either.
    1:45:19 And is there anything inherently bad about seed oils?
    1:45:24 And I want to make sure that we talk about the processing because people will say, ah, the
    1:45:26 seed oils aren’t bad if they come from a quality source.
    1:45:31 But most of the seed oils are through this high pressure, high temperature refinement process.
    1:45:33 And that’s the problem.
    1:45:35 So what’s the deal with seed oils?
    1:45:37 Okay.
    1:45:40 The big picture is that people over vilify seed oils.
    1:45:46 One side over vilifies seed oils, just like the other side over vilifies, let’s say your
    1:45:51 standard, you know, land animal fats like beef, tallow, butter, lard.
    1:46:11 But when you compare those two, like seed oils versus the butter, beef, tallow, lard, you compare the evidence base of those two things, you can find more dirt as far as adverse health outcomes from the land animal fats compared to the seed oils.
    1:46:17 And that is the reality of the matter.
    1:46:23 It’s really weird that seed oils are being vilified right now because that’s not the scientific consensus.
    1:46:30 People who have their nose in the literature are just kind of scratching their heads at the whole seed oil scare thing.
    1:46:37 And there are some people on the fringe who laser in on their philosophies and ideologies about seed oils.
    1:46:42 But then all you need to do is ask a short set of questions.
    1:46:43 Okay.
    1:46:47 And you specified the seed oils in the question, which is great.
    1:46:49 I mean, you’re ahead of like everybody else.
    1:46:52 So what seed oil are we talking about?
    1:46:56 What kind of dosage are we talking about?
    1:47:00 And what health outcome are you concerned with?
    1:47:06 And then what trial do you find most compelling that supports your fear of the seed oil?
    1:47:13 And so everybody, like nine out of 10 people, immediately will say, ah, okay, you want to know what seed oil?
    1:47:13 Canola oil.
    1:47:15 Okay, great.
    1:47:17 Let’s look at the canola oil literature.
    1:47:28 And one of the hardest things to do is find dirt on canola oil amidst all of the positive effects in almost every trial of canola oil.
    1:47:38 There is even a meta-analysis comparing directly the effect of canola oil versus olive oil on blood lipid profile.
    1:47:53 And maybe, you know, unsurprisingly to some, but surprisingly to most, canola oil outperforms olive oil for improving blood lipids in the sense of lowering LDL cholesterol.
    1:47:59 That’s surprising to me because I assumed that olive oil can do no wrong.
    1:48:00 You know what?
    1:48:03 I was taken aback by that too.
    1:48:09 I would have been just fine with seeing there’s no damn difference, one of these anticlimactic results.
    1:48:24 But when you take a look at canola oil’s composition, it has a kind of an extraordinarily high proportion of omega-3 fatty acids compared to olive oil and compared to the rest of the seed oils for that.
    1:48:24 Omega-3?
    1:48:26 I thought it was high in omega-6.
    1:48:38 It does contain omega-6 and that is the predominant fatty acid in canola, but it has a high omega-3 content as well.
    1:48:39 It has a high proportion of omega-3.
    1:48:48 I don’t know the exact proportion of omega-3, but what makes canola kind of special as far as the vegetable oils go is its high omega-3 content.
    1:48:50 Wow.
    1:48:50 Okay.
    1:48:53 That’s going to surprise a number of people, including me.
    1:49:03 My sense is that any ill effects to come from seed oils are because of who seed oils hang out with.
    1:49:04 Right?
    1:49:11 This is sort of the old, if you’re old enough like me to remember, I’m 49, turning 50 in September, so I’m not quite 53.
    1:49:14 But we’re of the same generation and there was-
    1:49:15 We grew up without the internet.
    1:49:15 Right.
    1:49:18 Well, there was a discussion around cannabis, for instance.
    1:49:19 We’ve done several episodes about it.
    1:49:29 We didn’t paint it as good or bad, although I do believe that young people, especially young males, smoking high THC cannabis can predispose to psychosis.
    1:49:37 I mean, there’s a bunch of debate around this, but back in the day, it was, if you use cannabis, soon you’ll be using crack cocaine.
    1:49:39 That was kind of like the argument, right?
    1:49:45 And over time, people realized that cannabis has its own potential benefits and its own potential risks, right?
    1:49:46 Depending on a number of things.
    1:49:56 It seems that people who consume a lot of seed oils consume them in conjunction with a lot of starches and perhaps with added sugars as well.
    1:50:05 And when you lump those together, you end up with a pro-inflammatory, often hypercaloric set of conditions and people aren’t getting enough quality protein.
    1:50:07 And then we know what that picture looks like.
    1:50:09 It looks like the United States of America.
    1:50:09 Yeah.
    1:50:10 Right.
    1:50:11 Or most of the United States of America.
    1:50:22 And so I do think that there’s something about who olive oil and grass-fed butter hang out with that has the opposite effect.
    1:50:25 Like people go, oh, this is a really high-quality olive oil.
    1:50:31 Generally, in my mind, are the sort of people who are thinking about the quality of the salad ingredients.
    1:50:37 They’re thinking about the sourdough bread as opposed to maybe a more refined sugar-containing bread.
    1:50:41 And the people who talk about grass-fed butter are thinking about the quality of the meat sources.
    1:50:45 And they’re not eating other protein sources that are laden with other preservatives.
    1:50:53 So to me, I think a lot of this, quote-unquote, seed oil debate will be resolved when we start pulling apart the individual components.
    1:50:54 They’re riding in the wrong vehicle.
    1:50:55 Right.
    1:50:56 Right.
    1:51:06 And I think that from a cost perspective, you know, this hadn’t occurred to me until I started voicing a little bit of this online, in which case you learn a lot quickly.
    1:51:12 And what I learned was, you know, there were a number of people who said, yeah, I’m hearing all this great stuff about grass-fed butter and olive oil.
    1:51:21 But there are people for whom the cost margins are just too high to consume all organic and olive oil.
    1:51:32 And, you know, you have to listen to that and say, okay, well, you know, for people needing to feed an entire family, you know, perhaps some of these other fat sources are more affordable.
    1:51:35 And, therefore, what are the real health risks with those?
    1:51:38 So, anyway, a bit of editorializing there.
    1:51:44 But I have a feeling some of this is going to shake out in the fine parsing of these different diets.
    1:51:46 I think people oversimplify it.
    1:51:49 What people do with seed oils is what people do with dairy.
    1:51:53 They say dairy as if it’s some monolithic thing.
    1:51:56 You know, with dairy, you’ve got the hard cheeses.
    1:51:57 You’ve got butter.
    1:51:58 You’ve got yogurt.
    1:52:01 You’ve got milk of varying fat levels, you know.
    1:52:06 You’re kind of hard-pressed to find negative stuff on yogurt.
    1:52:10 You’d be kind of hard-pressed, actually, to find negative stuff on hard cheeses.
    1:52:17 Butter, of all of the, you know, the range of dairy foods, butter is the one that you can find the dirt on.
    1:52:21 Similar story with seed oils.
    1:52:27 Like, try to find some negative stuff on flax seed, chia seed, sesame seed.
    1:52:29 You can’t.
    1:52:32 I mean, yeah, if you dig hard enough, you can.
    1:52:35 Try to find some negative stuff on canola is very tough, too.
    1:52:39 Even things like soybean oil and corn oil.
    1:52:43 You can look at the literature, and it doesn’t paint this sinister picture either.
    1:52:53 And so I think people are missing the forest for the trees in general when they’re focused on, honestly, the cooking oils.
    1:52:57 You shouldn’t be drowning or deep-frying your stuff on a regular basis anyway.
    1:53:21 So, yeah, and beyond that, when you look at the effects of seed oil that are examined in the literature for various outcomes, you know, everything from the intermediate outcomes like biomarker effects all the way to the, in quotes, hard endpoints like mortality, heart attack, you know, cardiac events.
    1:53:22 And heart disease.
    1:53:23 And heart disease.
    1:53:37 So the hard endpoints as well as the intermediate or soft endpoints, they’re all superior with the seed oils compared to butter, lard, beef tallow.
    1:53:51 So there is a severe misunderstanding and falsely founded scaremongering with respect to seed oils to the point where I just think it’s incredibly silly.
    1:54:06 People just have to get a hold of themselves and focus on the overall quality of the diet and not really get into these absolute, you know, death matches over what oils they use to cook their foods.
    1:54:10 I am a huge extra virgin olive oil fan.
    1:54:11 That is my go-to.
    1:54:12 That’s what I love.
    1:54:15 I could, honestly, I could, like, do shots of the stuff.
    1:54:15 I love it that much.
    1:54:16 It’s delicious, yeah.
    1:54:21 And I love sesame oil, you know, but sesame is a seed oil.
    1:54:27 But sesame oil has been consumed by very healthy populations throughout Asia for the last 5,000 years.
    1:54:36 And so I don’t necessarily like canola oil, you know, like as far as the sort of the stickiness and the oddness about it.
    1:54:44 But I’ll still acknowledge that the literature shows overwhelmingly positive stuff about it in the majority of trials.
    1:54:47 But I prefer olive oil.
    1:55:02 And I would almost feel more comfortable recommending that if you like olive oil, then that should be your go-to rather than oils that are, I guess, maybe Frankensteined or engineered to a degree.
    1:55:06 And you mentioned the whole idea of, like, how these oils are produced.
    1:55:12 Like, one of the concerns is hexane use to extract the oils from the seed cakes and stuff like that.
    1:55:17 So the use of solvents to get these oils out of their native source.
    1:55:29 There’s some interesting literature showing higher hexane levels in olive oil than in, I forget, it was some other seed oil, whether it was canola or sunflower.
    1:55:38 And so – but nevertheless, the hexane amounts were well below established safe thresholds.
    1:55:48 And so I think – I really do think that people are getting sort of lost in the weeds and kind of missing the forest for the trees, focusing on the little grains of sand and missing the big boulders.
    1:55:50 Thank you for that.
    1:55:53 I think it’s going to clarify a number of things for a number of people.
    1:55:54 I also love olive oil.
    1:55:56 Over the years, I’ve tried to consume less butter.
    1:55:58 I love the taste of butter.
    1:56:02 Can I interrupt and let – you know, I’m not anti-butter at all.
    1:56:17 I just – when you look at the evidence, if you butter everything up in your diet and you really pound like the – if you’re just eating sticks of butter, then you’re hedging your bets in the direction of increased cardiovascular risk.
    1:56:25 And there’s even a really interesting study comparing cream with butter on blood lipids.
    1:56:32 And so cream actually had a neutral effect on blood lipids, whereas butter kind of skewed things in an adverse direction.
    1:56:35 Usually it’s typically an increase in LDL.
    1:56:51 Another reason why cream had this neutral effect is what they’re figuring, and this is based on other studies as well, is it’s got this component called milk fat globule membrane, MFGM, which gets churned out of butter.
    1:56:59 And so even within the dairy category, you have very differently behaving types of foods.
    1:57:11 And once again, I’m not anti-butter, but we have to acknowledge that some foods within a given food category are a little bit riskier, and you should be a little bit more careful about just the sheer amounts you consume of it over a lifetime.
    1:57:27 Years ago, when first starting the podcast, when I wasn’t aware of, frankly, how big the podcast was going to grow to, I made a joke about, like, I eat slabs of butter to increase my cholesterol, so I have higher testosterone, and did I pay for that one?
    1:57:29 I’ve always –
    1:57:30 That’s pure gold.
    1:57:46 Yeah, I’ve always tried to get a little bit of saturated fat in my daily diet, either through red meat or through eggs or through, you know, a tablespoon or two maybe of butter, depending on how hard I’m training and what my caloric needs are.
    1:57:50 I don’t like to drop my saturated fat to zero because I find my skin gets dry.
    1:57:54 I don’t feel as well my blood profiles actually suffer a little bit, so that’s just me.
    1:58:21 I do well, but I wouldn’t – I just want to reemphasize, I don’t think people should consciously try and increase their butter intake, but between butter and olive oil and the fats naturally occurring in nuts and eggs and red meat, consuming some omega-3s through fish oil or through some fatty fish intake, you can get a pretty nice contour of the different lipids that include a bunch of micronutrients too, right?
    1:58:34 I feel like the idea of just emphasizing tallow and butter and red meat to the exclusion of every plant-based fat or nuts to me seems nuts, and I’m friends with Paul Saladino and I’ll say that.
    1:58:52 I also think that if you eat a diet that’s very low in saturated fat, like very, very low in saturated fat, most of the people that I know who’ve done that and certainly myself, it leads to drier skin, brittle hair, achy joints.
    1:58:58 I do think there’s really something to including some saturated fat in one’s diet in, I would say, low moderation, right?
    1:58:59 Sure, sure.
    1:59:00 Especially as one gets older.
    1:59:05 And I know all the carnivore folks are probably like left the conversation by now.
    1:59:11 You know, the Mediterranean keto model is legit.
    1:59:16 I mean, it’s got nothing but positive effects that have been seen in the literature.
    1:59:31 So like if you wanted to go keto, but instead of eating a bunch of lard or butter or beef fat, you swap it out with nuts, avocado, extra virgin olive oil, you know, some extra virgin coconut oil.
    1:59:45 Then you have a much better cardiovascular risk profile and you can still be on keto and you can still consume, you know, the range of protein sources and you’re sort of getting kind of like a win-win there.
    1:59:54 You know, oddly, the government, the U.S. government used to recommend and they used to dish out this recommendation of your fat intake, a third of it.
    2:00:04 So the government has always been into low fat, so 30% fat, 10% should be saturated, 10% should be monounsaturated, 10% should be polyunsaturated.
    2:00:11 And so they kind of had the right idea there with kind of getting a variety of the fat types in there.
    2:00:17 And I’m familiar with the literature on saturated fat and cholesterol and testosterone levels.
    2:00:30 And, you know, as somebody who is not on exogenous testosterone, dude, I’m going to be grabbing for whatever dietary advantage I can get as far as keeping my testosterone levels up.
    2:00:39 And so I personally would – I would not engage a zero-saturated fat diet either.
    2:00:41 I think that’s great for people to hear.
    2:00:52 Are you aware of any female-specific nutrition advice aside from, you know, adjusting for, you know, body weight?
    2:00:59 On average, women tend to be lower body weight than men, not always, but – and so on, lower lean mass, et cetera, not always.
    2:01:17 Is there anything specific about some of the topics that we’ve discussed thus far that from your experience, and I know your wife is extremely skilled in the department of training and nutrition, et cetera, for clients, that is truly female-specific?
    2:01:24 Like that they really benefit from doing certain things or not doing certain things that men can get away with or don’t have to pay attention to?
    2:01:38 There’s very little – there’s very little in that direction, almost nothing, almost no meaningful differences that you can sort of universalize about women need to eat this way, men need to eat that way.
    2:01:50 The only thing that I would concede to is that if you’re – if you have somebody with the goal of – you know what?
    2:01:51 Forget about the goal.
    2:02:02 If somebody is of childbearing age, she’s going to have a monthly menstrual cycle, and during that monthly cycle for about a week out of the month, her cravings are going to go through the roof.
    2:02:10 She might have lethargy at the same time, just feel generally like crap, and, you know, even emotionally things will be kind of dysregulated.
    2:02:24 During that time, I don’t think – I don’t think women should totally fight their cravings, and especially if somebody is on a weight loss diet.
    2:02:30 So there’s a tactic that we use – we can use with clients called diet breaks.
    2:02:42 So if you’re endeavoring weight loss, then you can go – you know, you can go hard for three weeks, and then on the week of the menstrual cycle, kind of take it easy.
    2:02:51 And then given to your cravings, so to speak, for that week, and I’m not talking – use that week to undo the progress you made in the previous three weeks.
    2:03:10 But I think that if you’re going to diet in a cyclical fashion, and this works quite well with women observationally, then your week off or your higher calorie week or your maintenance week just coincided with the menstrual cycle.
    2:03:13 And that way you’re not fighting Mother Nature.
    2:03:21 You’re sort of kind of riding with Mother Nature, and you can have potentially easier time improving body composition that way.
    2:03:37 As far as the other claims that float around about the perimenopausal period or the menopausal transition and women have to eat this way, they have to avoid this and that and eating, you know, there’s all kinds of claims being made.
    2:03:42 They should be framed as speculations, honestly.
    2:03:50 And with the menopausal transition – menopause is a really hot thing right now amongst the influencers and things like that.
    2:04:01 And there is some research showing that there is fat mass that’s gained during the menopausal transition and lean mass that’s lost at a general population level.
    2:04:05 But there’s a lot of scaremongering around that as well.
    2:04:09 And there’s a study that was done – it’s called the SWAN study.
    2:04:14 It’s the longest and largest study on this topic.
    2:04:24 And they looked at the four- to eight-year menopausal transition, and that usually occurs in women from, like, mid-40s to mid-50s.
    2:04:35 And they looked at early menopause, mid-menopause, post-menopause, and they looked at the effects on body composition, or the relationship at least, with the menopausal transition and body composition.
    2:04:48 During a concentrated three-and-a-half-year period where most of the changes took place, the average body fat gained was 1.6 kilograms.
    2:04:49 So that’s three-and-a-half pounds.
    2:04:56 The average amount of lean mass lost was 0.2 kilograms, so about half a pound of lean mass lost.
    2:05:01 So, yes, these things occur, but the magnitude of which they occur.
    2:05:04 And this is in the general population.
    2:05:10 This isn’t in, like, fitness people who are really meticulous about high enough protein, resistance training, et cetera.
    2:05:14 I don’t think the scaremongering is warranted.
    2:05:24 I know that there’s very real symptoms associated with the menopausal transition that make adhering to a, you know, a fitness program or a diet program very tough.
    2:05:38 You know, the hot flashes, the lethargy, joint pain, changes in sexual function, the combination of those things, how they affect sleep, poor sleep affects everything negatively.
    2:05:56 And so, you know, when you work with somebody as a practitioner who’s going through the menopausal transition, I would grant that maybe you set their expectations at maybe 50% the amount that you would with somebody who was not in the menopausal transition.
    2:06:04 So whereas you would maybe set somebody to expect, like, a pound a week loss if they’re trying to lose body fat.
    2:06:11 Then you should maybe set somebody in the perimenopausal period to be okay with, like, half of that.
    2:06:16 Because of the other changes that are occurring that make the rest and recovery more difficult.
    2:06:17 Yep.
    2:06:18 Absolutely.
    2:06:20 Thank you for that answer.
    2:06:25 I know it’s a topic that’s, as you mentioned, is more frequent these days.
    2:06:27 I think it’s important that it is.
    2:06:39 It’s been a topic that hasn’t received a lot of attention until fairly recently, I think, because, A, the Women’s Health Initiative studies weren’t completed.
    2:06:42 A lot of them were completed in recent years, and so the data, quote, unquote, were in.
    2:06:56 I think also the effects on brain, like the relationship between estrogen, testosterone, and brain function in males and females is something that we’re just now starting to really understand with modern imaging tools and so on.
    2:07:01 And so this is an area, of course, that’s going to evolve quickly in the upcoming years.
    2:07:04 Collagen.
    2:07:07 I’ve had a dermal oncologist.
    2:07:08 Another death match fight.
    2:07:10 I’ve had a dermal oncologist on this podcast.
    2:07:11 We talked about collagen.
    2:07:20 My read of the data on collagen is that the amino acid profile in collagen, which typically comes from fish, I believe.
    2:07:23 Most collagen sources are fish-based.
    2:07:23 Fish or bovine.
    2:07:24 Or bovine.
    2:07:32 That the amino acid profile is not terrific from the perspective of muscle protein synthesis.
    2:07:34 Low in leucine and other branched-chain amino acids.
    2:07:37 Higher in other amino acids.
    2:07:48 But that the amino acids that it is high in comprise a significant fraction of what skin and other soft tissues are made of.
    2:08:00 So that ingesting 15 to 30 grams of collagen per day might be beneficial, independent, and separate from dietary protein for sake of muscle protein synthesis.
    2:08:03 It also so happens, if you don’t mind me saying, you have very nice skin.
    2:08:09 So do you take collagen and you’re 53 years old, you got nice skin.
    2:08:18 Do you take collagen and what are your thoughts about people who want to take collagen specifically to improve skin appearance and for no other reason?
    2:08:35 Okay, so I want to start off by saying that fitness professionals in the, in quotes, evidence-based community, they have almost a pathologically minimalist approach to supplementation.
    2:08:41 So it’s almost like if you can avoid a supplement and dismiss it and poo-poo it, hey, great, we won.
    2:08:49 I’m not like that with a few supplements and collagen is one of them.
    2:08:56 And for one thing, of all the proteins in the body, collagen is the single most abundant.
    2:09:08 And collagen comprises about, gosh, you know, 20 to 40% of the proteins in the body.
    2:09:14 It comprises a significant amount of bone tissue and not just the joints and ligaments and tendons.
    2:09:29 And so from a very kind of no-brainer, troglodytic level, it’s like, what is everybody’s issue with providing the raw materials to the body that it can use to build these tissues?
    2:09:43 And the pushback on that is the idea that the body takes any protein, breaks it down into its constituent amino acids, and the amino acids get shuttled to where they need to go depending on the homeostatic need of the body.
    2:09:46 Or, you know, whatever need the body has at the moment.
    2:09:58 Okay, well, if we go with that logic, then we would say, okay, so then there’s really no such thing as better proteins than others, as long as we have sort of a basic amount of the essential amino acids.
    2:10:00 No, that’s just not true.
    2:10:17 And then beyond that, the interesting thing about collagen, and this is debated as well, is its resistance to full hydrolysis, where you’ve got these collagen fragments that can float through circulation and into the target tissues.
    2:10:34 These diantripeptides, right, they’ve been observed through isotopic tracer technology, and they make it into the chondrocytes or the, you know, the joint cells, and they increase activity in the chondrocytes.
    2:10:37 So that’s been documented and published.
    2:10:52 But beyond that, it’s like, why would nobody balks about consuming enough calcium, dietary calcium, to maintain the integrity of the skeletal system?
    2:11:01 But, hey, you talk about consuming enough collagen to maintain the integrity of connective tissues throughout the body and including skin.
    2:11:04 And skin is 80% collagen by dry weight.
    2:11:07 Then people lose their crap, you know?
    2:11:22 I kind of think it’s a no-brainer to at least be optimistic about collagen supplementation if you’re somebody who never eats the cartilage of the meat, the bone, the connective tissue parts.
    2:11:27 If you don’t eat, you know, your animal foods nose to tail and you’re just eating muscle meats,
    2:11:34 I think the guy who does that but takes collagen as a supplement is going to have an edge on you throughout the life course.
    2:11:48 And, you know, on a related note, I think that’s one of the disadvantages that vegans might have until they find a genius way to manufacture a non-animal collagen molecule.
    2:11:58 There are multiple systematic reviews showing the benefits of collagen on various skin outcomes, which are debated, of course.
    2:12:08 Whey protein always seems to kick collagen’s ass for muscle-related outcomes, but, you know, that’s not what we’re taking collagen for.
    2:12:14 So, back to your original question, yeah, I do take collagen.
    2:12:15 How much do you take?
    2:12:18 About 15 grams a day.
    2:12:20 To me, it’s kind of a no-brainer.
    2:12:28 Just like, you know, getting enough—you’re providing the raw materials that the body is going to use and need anyway,
    2:12:33 and the debate is whether or not the bioavailability is meaningful or not.
    2:12:34 Ah, you know what?
    2:12:40 I’m willing to just do the first world thing and take that chance and take the collagen supplement.
    2:12:42 The downsides are basically non-existent.
    2:12:43 Great.
    2:12:54 What other supplements do you take and what—maybe we can establish a hierarchy of supplements or clusters instead of, like, the top one.
    2:12:59 Let’s talk about the—by disposable budget.
    2:13:01 I think this is a real-world perspective.
    2:13:02 Yeah.
    2:13:10 So, let’s agree that the main thing is get enough sleep, exercise, eat well.
    2:13:16 To eat well, you want to emphasize what you talked about and to try and get the best quality sources that you can afford.
    2:13:26 Let’s assume that somebody has the amount of disposable income to be able to buy, you know, one or two supplements to take on an ongoing basis.
    2:13:37 And let’s set aside food supplements, like whey protein, from vitamins and performance supplements and just kind of put them all out there and say,
    2:13:46 okay, let’s say I’ve got—it’s going to differ by country, but let’s say I’ve got $150 of disposable income where I could get, like, one or two supplements I can take on going.
    2:13:50 What would you place into that category?
    2:14:02 Or if the goal is keep lean tissue the same or increase lean tissue and keep body fat where it’s at or lose some body fat, overall vigor, overall health, longevity.
    2:14:03 Yeah, the big picture.
    2:14:04 Got it, got it.
    2:14:09 Okay, so my answer to this is going to be very bro-scientific.
    2:14:28 Because it is so hard to study those outcomes that we almost are just, you know, placing our bets when we do the supplement thing beyond having a diet that is diverse across and within the food groups
    2:14:38 and provides all the essential macro and micronutrients, which it often doesn’t, especially if we’re dieting, especially if we’re training or a combination of both,
    2:14:43 especially if we’re caught out in not eating an optimal diet, traveling all over the place, which we often are.
    2:14:53 So, I personally see a multivitamin, multivitamin and mineral, as a no-brainer.
    2:14:55 It’s a no-freaking-brainer.
    2:15:04 Like, who do you know eats this pristine diet that just nails all the micronutrients in optimal amounts?
    2:15:15 That’s a very rare person, and that person would have to be covering the food groups and eating a whole lot of calories of the different groups and across and within the groups.
    2:15:20 So, I – this is the bro-science part of me.
    2:15:23 I take two multivitamins and –
    2:15:25 A double dose of the same one or two different ones?
    2:15:26 Two different ones.
    2:15:28 One of them does not have iron.
    2:15:28 Okay.
    2:15:29 One of them does.
    2:15:30 You take them with meals?
    2:15:32 I take it with meals, yes.
    2:15:33 In the early part of the day, presumably?
    2:15:35 I take it with dinner.
    2:15:37 That’s usually my largest meal.
    2:15:38 Okay.
    2:15:40 So, a good quality multivitamin.
    2:15:40 Mm-hmm.
    2:15:40 Okay.
    2:15:41 I do that.
    2:15:51 Usually, with multivitamins, it would have to be an absolute horse pill to get enough vitamin D, vitamin D3 in that.
    2:15:53 So, I do take extra vitamin D3.
    2:15:54 How many IU per day?
    2:15:58 Oh, that’s where I get real bro-scientific on you, man.
    2:15:59 I take quite a bit.
    2:16:03 The literature cuts off with benefits like below 1,000 IUs.
    2:16:04 I take 4,000 IUs.
    2:16:07 I don’t think that’s exceedingly high.
    2:16:08 Well, you don’t.
    2:16:09 You’re a bro too.
    2:16:10 Yeah.
    2:16:22 I mean, listen, I have female family members who were having some health struggles that – for whom the only change – the only change was 5,000 IU of vitamin D3 per day.
    2:16:31 And it made a significant positive effect on a number of subjective metrics and some objective metrics.
    2:16:41 And these were people that were getting their sunlight and eating very high-quality food, you know, really putting time and effort into it.
    2:16:44 So, I’m a believer in D3.
    2:16:49 D3 is getting PubMed-ed right now in a similar way that fish oil is getting PubMed-ed.
    2:16:51 I like that.
    2:16:51 And so, it’s –
    2:16:53 We verbed PubMed.
    2:16:54 Yeah.
    2:16:54 We did.
    2:16:58 So, now it’s a controversial thing to take, you know, vitamin D3.
    2:17:01 You know, you have position statements rolling out.
    2:17:03 Oh, well, we thought you need – you don’t really –
    2:17:04 Okay.
    2:17:09 So, good multivitamin with iron, especially for women who menstruate, right?
    2:17:09 Yeah.
    2:17:10 Especially you don’t need that.
    2:17:12 Vitamin D3.
    2:17:14 I take vitamin D3.
    2:17:15 I take fish oil.
    2:17:20 I take three grams of fish oil.
    2:17:26 Not three grams combined EPA, DHA, but three grams in three one-gram capsules.
    2:17:27 That’s a good amount.
    2:17:31 I would say – does that get you over the one gram per day of EPA?
    2:17:32 It’s right around there.
    2:17:32 Yeah.
    2:17:33 That’s what I shoot for, too.
    2:17:36 One gram per day of EPA, which means taking about three grams total.
    2:17:37 Yeah.
    2:17:45 It’s about one gram a day of combined EPA, DHA, and the atrial fib literature is showing that much above that.
    2:17:45 Okay.
    2:17:46 Then you’re incurring this risk.
    2:17:47 But, you know what, man?
    2:17:53 I don’t believe everything I read, even in the peer-reviewed literature.
    2:17:56 You’ve been a scientist too long to believe everything you read.
    2:17:56 Yeah, dude.
    2:17:57 Right.
    2:17:58 That’s how it works.
    2:18:01 Certain things, you just take it with a grain of salt.
    2:18:10 You recognize the literature evidence base, and then you make the judgment call just based on your own sensibilities and how you respond individually.
    2:18:18 You know, like the regular hierarchy of evidence is one way, but I think at the very tip is how do you respond individually to protocol?
    2:18:29 So, yeah, and so fish oil, as you take that, another thing that would blow up the size of a multivitamin is getting enough magnesium to show benefit.
    2:18:31 So I take magnesium.
    2:18:33 Which form of magnesium do you emphasize?
    2:18:33 Magnesium citrate.
    2:18:37 I’m cool with pretty much anything except magnesium oxide.
    2:18:38 Okay.
    2:18:41 Oxide is the low bioavailability form.
    2:18:42 Yeah, magnesium citrate.
    2:18:43 Yeah, magnesium citrate.
    2:18:48 And I do take creatine, about five grams a day.
    2:18:58 And I do take another bro science maneuver, which, boy, I’m really incriminating myself here.
    2:19:02 I take vitamin C, extra vitamin C, a gram a day.
    2:19:05 What effect are you seeking with the vitamin C?
    2:19:11 Effects on immunity plus kind of a potential synergy with the collagen.
    2:19:12 Oh, right.
    2:19:13 And there are some data on this.
    2:19:17 I realize that you’re framing all of this very cautiously under the umbrella of bro science.
    2:19:18 And this is just me.
    2:19:20 I wouldn’t tell everybody to do this.
    2:19:21 You ask me what I’m taking.
    2:19:33 And I think there are good data on vitamin D, on D3, on combining 15 grams of collagen with vitamin C, at least in the studies looking at skin elasticity.
    2:19:36 So you’re not that far out on a limb.
    2:19:45 I’m realizing, and the audience is certainly realizing just how cautious and conservative you are with your words, which I believe everyone appreciates.
    2:19:52 So the five grams of creatine, some vitamin C, anything more esoteric than that?
    2:20:01 No, nothing beyond the multi-vitamin D, fish oil, vitamin C, creatine, magnesium.
    2:20:04 How many days per week are you resistance training?
    2:20:08 About four to five.
    2:20:10 And do you do cardio regularly?
    2:20:19 Okay, so here’s the thing that a lot of people would ding me on is I try to make my resistance training cardio-y.
    2:20:37 So my cardio, if you can call it cardio, would consist of just walks around the neighborhood on occasion or just really light hikes on occasion and maybe pacing around between sets.
    2:20:39 I enjoy resistance training.
    2:20:40 I make it fun.
    2:20:47 I mean, everybody wants to wait two to three minutes between sets to move the maximal amount of loads.
    2:20:48 But you know what?
    2:20:50 You can do progressive resistance training.
    2:20:55 You can do progressive overload, even within a short rest paradigm.
    2:21:02 I mean, as long as it’s trending up, you know, your net tonnage moved is trending up over time.
    2:21:08 It won’t move up as quickly as if you were to freaking rest two to three minutes between sets.
    2:21:09 But I love short rests.
    2:21:10 I love high reps.
    2:21:12 You and I are not training together.
    2:21:15 I like to lift heavy and slow.
    2:21:19 Like three to five minutes between sets.
    2:21:22 Now I’m in like two to five repetition range.
    2:21:24 Anything more than six feels like cardio.
    2:21:27 But I like to run and I do other forms of cardio for cardio.
    2:21:35 But we should make sure that at some point you and Cameron Haynes train together because he does the circuit, his run, lift, shoot thing that he does every day.
    2:21:37 You know, he shoots arrows to practice his archery.
    2:21:40 He runs often 10 to 20 miles a day.
    2:21:43 But he lifts every day.
    2:21:47 And he does the circuit style lifting training that I’ve done with him.
    2:21:50 And it’s for a guy like me, it’s murder.
    2:21:51 I mean, it is so hard.
    2:21:53 I’ve never been so sore.
    2:21:54 I’ve never been so exhausted.
    2:21:58 But it sounds like it’s very well tuned to what you thrive on.
    2:21:59 I’ve been messing around with cluster sets.
    2:22:01 And I want you to try this.
    2:22:03 Can you explain for people what a cluster set is?
    2:22:16 A cluster set is basically you’re breaking up a set with rest periods that range from anywhere from, gosh, five to like 20 seconds within like a single leg set.
    2:22:19 So like leg extension, leg press, and then squat?
    2:22:23 That would be more like a super set or a giant set.
    2:22:26 So a cluster set is like a single – I’ll explain it.
    2:22:27 I want you to try this.
    2:22:28 I think you’ll find it fun.
    2:22:28 Okay.
    2:22:36 So with a given lift, let’s imagine – what’s your favorite – I’m talking to you as if you’re a bodybuilder.
    2:22:38 What’s your favorite body part to train?
    2:22:41 I like to run and I lift to stay strong enough and stable enough to run.
    2:22:43 What do I like to train the most?
    2:22:43 Yep.
    2:22:44 As far as just muscle groups.
    2:22:47 These days I’ve been doing a lot – I love leg day.
    2:22:48 I’m a huge fan of leg day.
    2:22:54 So I’ll do – I go very heavy on like hack squats or belt squats.
    2:22:56 Are you a leg extension person?
    2:22:56 Yep.
    2:22:57 I do those too.
    2:22:57 Okay.
    2:23:02 So let’s imagine you pick a weight for leg extensions that you can do.
    2:23:06 Your first work set after however you might warm up.
    2:23:15 Your first work set, pick a load that will enable you to fail out at about, let’s say, 16 reps.
    2:23:15 Okay.
    2:23:17 How about this?
    2:23:18 We’ll do 12 reps.
    2:23:19 Okay.
    2:23:19 12 reps.
    2:23:20 Fair enough.
    2:23:20 Yep.
    2:23:22 Take it to failure.
    2:23:27 My colleagues would say, okay, well, you know, I’ll leave like one rep in reserve and
    2:23:27 what, you know.
    2:23:30 I like to train to failure all this freaking time.
    2:23:32 I just – it’s more fun.
    2:23:34 I’ve been training for a long time.
    2:23:37 I don’t hurt myself with training to failure and I wouldn’t train to failure with a freaking
    2:23:38 bench press or a squat.
    2:23:41 But you can choose the exercises you can take to failure.
    2:23:43 Leg extension is one of them.
    2:23:44 You can take to failure.
    2:23:45 You can take to partials.
    2:23:47 So leg extension.
    2:23:50 So choose a weight you can do for 12 reps.
    2:23:54 Take it to failure and do five slow breaths.
    2:23:58 That’s one.
    2:24:02 And take that five times and then go right back into the set.
    2:24:03 Don’t change the weight.
    2:24:06 Try to do half the amount of reps you did.
    2:24:10 And you’ll usually hit it.
    2:24:11 Sometimes you won’t.
    2:24:13 You know, if you breathe fast enough, you kind of won’t hit it.
    2:24:17 But if your five slow breaths are slow enough, you’ll hit the six reps in this case.
    2:24:18 Okay.
    2:24:21 After that, ten slow breaths.
    2:24:25 Try to beat your previous set.
    2:24:27 Try to do – if you can do six, great.
    2:24:28 If you can do seven, great.
    2:24:34 That’s a cluster set with failure built into it a couple times.
    2:24:36 And how many cluster sets would you do per body part?
    2:24:38 Two.
    2:24:38 Yeah.
    2:24:39 Because it’s multiple sets.
    2:24:40 Yeah.
    2:24:44 This seems like a great thing to do if one is low on time.
    2:24:52 And perhaps if one has a nagging injury that you need to work around by avoiding heavy weights.
    2:24:56 I hope to never be in the position to have to do this workout.
    2:25:05 And you can add a drop set to the second exercise, bam, cut the weight down by 25-ish percent and go right into it and drop set.
    2:25:17 So kind of the point of that and how I’m sort of defending my non-love for formal cardio is a lot of my resistance training,
    2:25:21 I try to make it – I sort of try to gamify it in that sense.
    2:25:29 And it ends up stimulating cardiorespiratory pathways to a greater degree than your typical resistance training.
    2:25:33 I would never deny the benefit of formal cardio.
    2:25:44 But just how I navigate my training and sticking with what I enjoy, I do enough volume through the week to where I would say that, look,
    2:25:49 whoever loves endurance adaptations, you know, increases in VO2 max, pushing that in, great, good for you.
    2:26:01 I just think that there’s a limit to how much that will benefit cardiovascular health and or longevity compared to just staying physically active,
    2:26:05 keeping good body composition, and just being consistent with that.
    2:26:07 And, of course, the other lifestyle factors too.
    2:26:10 So, yeah, different conversation, I guess.
    2:26:18 Yeah, but I think it weaves very nicely into what we’ve been talking about up until now, which is a real-world scenario.
    2:26:20 Like this is what works for you.
    2:26:24 I, you know, touch on what works for me, but this is what works for you.
    2:26:29 And you’re able to kind of merge cardio and resistance training in a way that sounds very time efficient.
    2:26:32 Well, I don’t always do the cluster set thing.
    2:26:35 I love doing supersets.
    2:26:46 So if I’m, you know, if I’m at a station where I can superset chest and back work, I’ll superset with minimal rest.
    2:26:47 Also very time efficient.
    2:26:57 And or, you know, you know, bicep versus tricep work or anything that you can do sort of supersetting antagonistic muscles.
    2:27:00 I take advantage of that.
    2:27:02 I don’t necessarily always do the cluster set thing.
    2:27:04 You mentioned that your wife is a trainer.
    2:27:05 Yeah.
    2:27:08 Does she train her female clients this way?
    2:27:11 And do you train your female clients this way?
    2:27:17 The reason I ask is that in my experience, I realize this is a generalization, but I’ve had female training partners before.
    2:27:20 Some of the best training partners I’ve had, by the way, are female training partners.
    2:27:24 They worked hard and they were also great athletes.
    2:27:34 They tended to view resistance training, at least at first, as something to limit the rest periods between sets.
    2:27:37 Like they felt like if their heart rate wasn’t up continuously, it wasn’t exercise.
    2:27:43 Those people often were pleasantly surprised by doing lower repetition, longer rest work.
    2:27:51 But in general, do you recommend what you just described more for your male or female training clients?
    2:27:56 You know, being perfectly honest, it’s just what I enjoy doing.
    2:28:07 And it is probably not the most efficient way to make muscle gains, but I just find it fun and I enjoy it.
    2:28:17 When I was training folks for the specific goal of hypertrophy, I would put them through kind of the standard, you know, let’s rest between sets, move the maximum amount of load.
    2:28:21 Let’s cover a spectrum of loading zones.
    2:28:25 I don’t, you know, I’m sort of with Brad Schoenfeld.
    2:28:30 I think Brad has done the best work in the hypertrophy realm.
    2:28:39 And training for hypertrophy is one of the best ways to train for, I guess, optimizing metabolic health.
    2:28:44 So there should be some hypertrophy training included in any program, in my opinion.
    2:28:49 So, yeah, it’s just what I enjoy, man.
    2:28:56 And I realize it does go against a lot of the typical, like, consensus.
    2:28:59 Well, thank you for sharing that.
    2:29:07 I think it highlights, if nothing else, that doing what one enjoys in the realm of fitness and nutrition is equally important to what’s best.
    2:29:10 Because if you don’t enjoy it, you’re unlikely to stick to things.
    2:29:12 So find what you enjoy.
    2:29:16 Listen, I want to extend a huge thank you for coming here today.
    2:29:17 This was a long time coming.
    2:29:22 I always knew from our first in-person meeting that we would do this at some point.
    2:29:24 And I’m so glad we’re doing this now.
    2:29:32 I must say you have an absolutely staggeringly impressive command of the literature.
    2:29:33 Thank you.
    2:29:37 You know, anyone that’s listened to this realizes that you don’t just say stuff.
    2:29:49 You always precede your statements with the origin of the information you’re about to convey, whether or not it’s your own personal experience and preference, whether it’s from a meta-analysis, whether or not it’s from a particular study.
    2:29:54 And as an academic, I especially appreciate you always credit the authors of the study.
    2:30:05 I mean, I know people heard this, but I want to underscore the scholarly nature with which you present evidence and attribution to the original authors of the work.
    2:30:14 And it’s so clear that you’ve got your mind wrapped around these massive topics that are of immense confusion to the general public and importance.
    2:30:29 And to take us back to something I said at the beginning, you know, when I think of Alan Aragon, I think of immense amounts of knowledge shared and this immense property of clarifying things for people.
    2:30:33 Today, you’ve taught us that protein is extremely important.
    2:30:43 What qualities of protein exist in different domains of the different food groups, timing of a protein intake, timing relative to exercise, timing of exercise, type of exercise.
    2:30:44 Talked about collagen.
    2:30:47 We talked about calorie surplus, deficit.
    2:30:49 Yes, you can gain muscle and lose fat simultaneously.
    2:30:54 And you make this information not just clear, but extremely practical.
    2:31:02 So thank you, thank you, thank you for the immense amount of information you provided us today and that you continue to provide online and elsewhere.
    2:31:07 We, of course, will provide links to where people can learn more about you and from you.
    2:31:10 And I just want to say, keep going.
    2:31:21 I value you as a colleague and a friend and I’m so grateful that you came out here today and that I said the wrong thing on social media so that we had the opportunity to meet.
    2:31:22 Goes right back to you, Andrew.
    2:31:24 It is an honor and a pleasure to be here.
    2:31:28 And I really, really think this will bring a lot of value.
    2:31:30 And just thank you for everything.
    2:31:31 Well, you’re most welcome.
    2:31:33 It’s been a true pleasure.
    2:31:34 We’ll have you back again.
    2:31:37 Thank you for joining me for today’s discussion with Alan Aragon.
    2:31:44 To learn more about Alan’s work and to find links to his articles and various other resources, please see the show note captions.
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    2:32:22 For those of you that haven’t heard, I have a new book coming out.
    2:32:23 It’s my very first book.
    2:32:27 It’s entitled Protocols, an Operating Manual for the Human Body.
    2:32:33 This is a book that I’ve been working on for more than five years and that’s based on more than 30 years of research and experience.
    2:32:41 And it covers protocols for everything from sleep to exercise to stress control, protocols related to focus and motivation.
    2:32:46 And of course, I provide the scientific substantiation for the protocols that are included.
    2:32:50 The book is now available by presale at protocolsbook.com.
    2:32:53 There you can find links to various vendors.
    2:32:54 You can pick the one that you like best.
    2:32:59 Again, the book is called Protocols, an Operating Manual for the Human Body.
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    2:33:58 Thank you once again for joining me for today’s discussion with Alan Aragon.
    2:34:03 And last, but certainly not least, thank you for your interest in science.
    2:34:17 And as I mentioned at the beginning of today’s episode, we are now partnered with Momentus supplements because they make single ingredient formulations that are of the absolute highest quality and they ship international.
    2:34:28 If you go to livemomentus.com slash Huberman, you will find many of the supplements that have been discussed on various episodes of the Huberman Lab podcast, and you will find various protocols related to those supplements.
    Chào mừng bạn đến với Podcast Huberman Lab, nơi chúng tôi thảo luận về khoa học và các công cụ dựa trên khoa học cho cuộc sống hàng ngày.
    Tôi là Andrew Huberman, và tôi là giáo sư sinh học thần kinh và nhãn khoa tại Trường Y Harvard.
    Khách mời hôm nay của tôi là Alan Aragon.
    Alan Aragon là một trong những nhân vật có ảnh hưởng và được tôn trọng nhất trong lĩnh vực thể hình và dinh dưỡng.
    Lý do cho điều đó là nhờ sự phụ thuộc chặt chẽ vào thông tin dựa trên bằng chứng của anh ấy và vì anh là đồng tác giả của một số nghiên cứu và bài đánh giá được trích dẫn nhiều nhất và được tôn trọng nhất về dinh dưỡng và thể hình.
    Chuyên môn của anh ấy bao gồm dinh dưỡng và huấn luyện cho phụ nữ và cho nam giới, và cho bất kỳ ai đang tìm kiếm sức khỏe tốt hơn, giảm mỡ, tăng cơ và sức mạnh, hoặc tất cả những điều trên.
    Và trong tập hôm nay, chúng tôi sẽ đề cập đến tất cả những điều đó và nhiều hơn nữa.
    Alan làm rõ những huyền thoại và sự thật xung quanh một số vấn đề như dầu hạt, liệu có tốt hơn khi tập luyện khi bụng đói để đốt mỡ, các chất ngọt nhân tạo và calo thấp, đường, rượu, collagen, và nhiều hơn nữa.
    Alan cũng giải thích cách xác định nhu cầu protein thực tế của bạn.
    Dù có rất nhiều cuộc thảo luận hiện nay về protein, vẫn còn nhiều sự nhầm lẫn về điều này.
    Anh đề cập đến khoa học thật sự về thời gian ăn uống, lượng protein và carbohydrate tiêu thụ so với việc tập luyện của bạn, cách mà chu kỳ hormone của phụ nữ ảnh hưởng đến nhu cầu tập luyện và dinh dưỡng của họ, và cách ăn uống và tập luyện để thay đổi thành phần cơ thể cho bất kỳ ai.
    Có rất nhiều lời khuyên và thông tin trên mạng, nhưng cũng có trong các tài liệu được đánh giá đồng đẳng về dinh dưỡng và thể hình hiện nay, điều này khiến cho bất kỳ ai muốn hiểu và thực hiện những gì thực sự quan trọng cho mục tiêu thể hình và thành phần cơ thể của họ trở nên rất thách thức.
    Nếu có một tiếng nói hợp lý thực tiễn, dựa trên dữ liệu đã được đánh giá đồng đẳng, nhưng cũng sẵn sàng thừa nhận sự khác biệt và sở thích cá nhân khi nói đến thể hình và dinh dưỡng, đó chính là Alan Aragon.
    Và hôm nay, anh ấy chia sẻ thông tin đó với chúng ta, đồng thời làm cho nó rõ ràng và có thể hành động được về những gì thực sự hiệu quả.
    Cảm ơn Alan.
    Khi kết thúc tập hôm nay, bạn sẽ có được kiến thức mới nhất và tốt nhất về dinh dưỡng và thể hình mà bạn có thể áp dụng.
    Trước khi bắt đầu, tôi muốn nhấn mạnh rằng podcast này tách biệt với vai trò giảng dạy và nghiên cứu của tôi tại Stanford.
    Tuy nhiên, nó là một phần trong mong muốn và nỗ lực của tôi để cung cấp thông tin miễn phí cho người tiêu dùng về khoa học và các công cụ liên quan đến khoa học cho công chúng.
    Dựa trên chủ đề đó, tập hôm nay có bao gồm các nhà tài trợ.
    Và giờ đây, hãy đến với cuộc thảo luận của tôi với Alan Aragon.
    Alan Aragon, chào mừng bạn.
    Andrew, thật tuyệt khi ở đây.
    Thật sự rất tuyệt.
    Tôi không ph ex, đây không phải là sự ph ex.
    Tôi rất hào hứng, bạn ạ.
    Cảm ơn bạn đã mời tôi tham gia chương trình.
    Vâng, tôi đã học được rất nhiều từ bạn thông qua những cuộc trao đổi trực tuyến của chúng ta.
    Và chúng ta đã gặp mặt một lần trước đây.
    Hãy đi sâu vào một số chủ đề quan trọng, những điều rất thực tế vì đây là những gì tôi yêu thích nhất trong công việc của bạn.
    Nó làm rõ rất nhiều sự nhầm lẫn tồn tại ở ngoài kia.
    Tôi nghĩ đây thực sự là một trong những dấu ấn của công việc của bạn là sự làm rõ.
    Hãy bắt đầu với một điều mà nhiều người đã nghe, đó là chúng ta chỉ có thể hấp thụ 30 gram protein trong mỗi bữa ăn.
    Câu hỏi đơn giản là, bữa ăn được định nghĩa như thế nào?
    Nếu tôi ăn 30 gram protein và một giờ sau tôi ăn thêm 30 gram protein, liệu tôi có vừa ăn hai bữa không?
    Tôi có thể hấp thụ 30 gram trong mỗi bữa không?
    Và tôi có thể hấp thụ nhiều hơn 30 gram protein trong một số trường hợp nhất định không?
    Vậy, vấn đề với việc hấp thụ protein này là gì?
    Được rồi, bạn đã làm rõ một trong những vấn đề ngay trong câu hỏi.
    Chúng ta đang nói về protein tiêu hóa nhanh hay protein tiêu hóa chậm?
    Hay chúng ta đang nói về bất kỳ một trong những điều đó trong bối cảnh của một bữa ăn có nhiều macronutrient với carbohydrate, chất béo, chất xơ?
    Tất cả các điều kiện đó thay đổi cách mà những gì xảy ra về mặt sinh lý.
    Và vì vậy, nguồn gốc của cái khái niệm mà bạn biết, 25 gram protein tối đa là tất cả những gì bạn có thể sử dụng là sự nhầm lẫn giữa hai khái niệm khác nhau.
    Có sự tiêu hóa và sử dụng ở mức độ toàn cơ thể, nơi protein có các vận mệnh trao đổi chất khác nhau cho các hệ thống khác nhau và chỉ là các nhu cầu duy trì khác nhau của cơ thể.
    Và sau đó có hiện tượng cụ thể của phản ứng đồng hóa cơ bắp hoặc tổng hợp protein cơ bắp.
    Vì vậy, chúng ta phải tách biệt, ok, tiêu hóa và hấp thụ chung hoặc tổng hợp protein cơ bắp.
    Vì vậy, ngưỡng 25-30 gram, nó thường được liệt kê như một số người nói 20.
    Điều đó nói riêng đến tổng hợp protein cơ bắp, nơi có vẻ như có một điểm bão hòa ở khoảng 25-30 gram.
    Và chúng ta đã nghĩ vậy từ cuối những năm 90, đầu những năm 2000, cho đến khoảng năm 2016.
    Năm 2016, khi McNaughton và các đồng nghiệp so sánh 20 gram protein so với 40 gram protein.
    Nhưng thay vì làm những gì mà các nhà nghiên cứu trước đã làm với các phiên tập luyện có khối lượng rất thấp, như 8 đến 12 set, bạn biết đấy, một vài bài tập chân khác nhau, bạn biết đấy, duỗi chân, đẩy chân, tổng cộng 8 đến 12 set.
    Vì vậy, nó là một chút hợp lý hơn về mặt sinh thái theo cái nghĩa là họ đã cố gắng phản ánh những gì diễn ra trong thế giới thực với các chế độ tập luyện của những người đang cố gắng xây dựng cơ bắp và thực sự tạo ra phản ứng đồng hóa này.
    Vì vậy, khi họ thực hiện thí nghiệm này và so sánh 20 gram so với 40 gram protein, 40 gram protein thực sự có phản ứng tổng hợp protein cơ bắp lớn hơn so với 20 gram.
    Và chúng ta đã mất đến năm 2016 để phát hiện ra điều đó.
    Và sau đó một loạt các nghiên cứu đã tiếp tục từ đó và tiến hành để loại bỏ ý tưởng rằng tổng hợp protein cơ bắp đạt đến điểm bão hòa ở 20, 25 gram.
    Nhưng bây giờ – và có một số nghiên cứu thú vị gần đây về điều đó nữa.
    Lên đến 100 gram, như tôi nhớ.
    Đó chính xác là nghiên cứu mà tôi sắp đề cập tới.
    Đó là nghiên cứu của Joran Tromelin và các đồng nghiệp của ông, nơi họ so sánh liều lượng 25 gram với liều lượng 100 gram sau khi tập luyện. Họ đã sử dụng một loại protein tiêu hóa chậm. Họ đã sử dụng protein sữa, trong đó chứa 80% casein, là loại tiêu hóa chậm, và 20% whey, là loại tiêu hóa nhanh. Vì vậy, chủ yếu là một loại protein tiêu hóa chậm. Và có sự tổng hợp protein cơ bắp lớn hơn đáng kể với liều lượng 100 gram so với liều lượng 25 gram. Nhưng vấn đề lớn của tôi với nghiên cứu đó là họ thực sự, thực sự cần phải bao gồm một liều lượng trung gian để xem có xảy ra bão hòa trong việc tổng hợp protein cơ bắp với một cái gì đó như, giả sử, 40 hoặc 50 gram không. Và đó là bởi vì có nhiều nghiên cứu khác thấy rằng điểm bão hòa nằm đâu đó giữa 30 và 50 gram. Vì vậy, tôi ước gì Joran và các đồng nghiệp đã bao gồm một liều lượng trung gian trong đó. Có thể là một nghiên cứu trong tương lai.
    Cho phép tôi tạm dừng một chút và hỏi vài câu hỏi.
    Chắc chắn rồi.
    Nếu bạn có thể đưa ra một khuyến nghị tổng quát về lượng protein mà mọi người nên tiêu thụ sau khi tập luyện kháng lực, hãy để bài tập tim mạch tạm thời qua một bên, sau khi tập luyện kháng lực, số đó sẽ là bao nhiêu?
    Sẽ là 20, 30, 50 hay 100?
    Liệu nó có nên tỉ lệ với trọng lượng cơ thể không?
    Và sau khi luyện tập bao lâu thì nên tiêu thụ protein đó nếu mục tiêu là tổng hợp protein cơ bắp?
    Để tối đa hóa tổng hợp protein cơ bắp, bất kể đó là sau khi tập thể dục hay không, và MPS sẽ lớn hơn với liều protein sau khi tập thể dục hơn là khi nghỉ ngơi hoặc nhịn ăn.
    Để tối đa hóa MPS, chúng tôi thực sự chưa thấy liều lượng vượt quá khoảng 50 gram, khoảng 30 đến 50.
    Đồng nghiệp của tôi, Brad Schoenfeld, và tôi đã khảo sát tài liệu và viết một bài báo về liều lượng anabolic tối đa của protein mỗi bữa ăn với mục đích xây dựng cơ bắp.
    Và chúng tôi đã rút gọn nó xuống khoảng từ 0.4 đến khoảng 0.6 gram cho mỗi kilogram trọng lượng cơ thể.
    Và vậy, trong các đơn vị tự do, chúng ta đang nói khoảng từ 0.2 đến 0.25 gram mỗi pound.
    Và đó là lượng protein mà dường như tối đa hóa tổng hợp protein cơ bắp.
    0.2 đến 0.5 gram mỗi pound.
    0.2 đến 0.25.
    0.25.
    Đúng rồi.
    Đúng vậy, khoảng một phần tư trọng lượng cơ thể của bạn tính theo pound, nếu bạn nhìn vào gram protein để tối đa hóa…
    Để tổng hợp protein cơ bắp.
    Đúng, cho mỗi bữa ăn.
    Xin lỗi, vì tôi nghĩ nhiều người, bao gồm cả bản thân mình, sẽ nói, được rồi, nhưng đây chỉ là trong bữa ăn sau khi tập luyện?
    Ý tôi là, tôi thức dậy vào buổi sáng và tôi cố gắng tập luyện trước khi ăn vì tôi thích làm như vậy.
    Thỉnh thoảng tôi sẽ ăn một ít protein.
    Nhưng hãy giả sử hai điều kiện chỉ để đơn giản hóa.
    Họ đã thực hiện bài tập kháng lực trong hai giờ trước đó hoặc, và họ đang cố gắng đánh giá lượng protein cần ăn trong bữa ăn đó để tối đa hóa tổng hợp protein cơ bắp.
    Hoặc họ đang ăn một bữa ăn tách biệt vào một ngày mà họ không tập kháng lực, đúng không?
    Và sau đó như một ví dụ chung về bữa ăn không theo sau bài tập kháng lực trong khoảng hai giờ hay hơn, nên tiêu thụ bao nhiêu protein trong hai bữa ăn khác nhau này?
    Câu trả lời cho điều đó thật kỳ lạ, Andrew, thật sự.
    Thật sao?
    Tại sao điều đó phải thật kỳ lạ?
    Thật sự kỳ lạ và phức tạp.
    Ồ.
    Bởi vì, được rồi, nếu chúng ta quay ngược lại năm 2003, 2004 và sau đó đi tới 20 năm sau.
    John Ivey và Robert Portman đã xuất bản cuốn sách có tên Nutrient Timing, và họ đã tập trung vào thời điểm cũng như cơ hội hẹp của việc tiêu thụ dinh dưỡng sau khi tập luyện, họ gọi là.
    Vậy là cửa sổ anabolic.
    Và khái niệm là bạn cần tiêu thụ protein và carbohydrate tiêu hóa nhanh.
    Vì vậy, một loại protein tiêu hóa nhanh, cực nhanh, nguồn carbohydrate có chỉ số glycemic cao và insulin hóa cao trong vòng 30 đến 60 phút sau khi tập luyện để tối đa hóa phản ứng anabolic, tối đa hóa phục hồi và sau đó tối đa hóa việc xây dựng cơ bắp của bạn.
    Đó là giả thuyết của họ.
    Tất cả đều dựa trên các đối tượng tập luyện sau khi nhịn ăn qua đêm.
    Và vậy, điều gì xảy ra khi bạn tiêu thụ một bữa ăn trước khi tập luyện hoặc vào bất kỳ thời điểm nào, giả sử, một bữa ăn hỗn hợp bình thường, kích thước trung bình, thì hiệu ứng anabolic/kháng dị hóa của bữa ăn đó sẽ kéo dài từ ba đến sáu giờ tùy thuộc vào kích thước bữa ăn.
    Vì vậy, khi bạn là người mà mục tiêu hàng đầu là đạt được cơ bắp nhanh nhất có thể, bạn gần như sẽ không bao giờ tập luyện khi chưa ăn.
    Bạn sẽ có một bữa ăn trước khi tập luyện vào một thời điểm nào đó, ít nhất là một vài giờ trước khi tập luyện.
    Và vì vậy khi bạn tập luyện, bạn thực sự vẫn có những hợp chất này trong tuần hoàn trong suốt quá trình tập luyện.
    Và thường thì, nếu ai đó ăn một bữa ăn khoảng một giờ trước khi tập luyện, họ vẫn đang hấp thụ bữa ăn trước khi tập luyện ngay sau khi tập luyện.
    Vì vậy, chúng tôi nhìn thấy toàn bộ khoảng thời gian sau khi tập luyện như một điều gì đó dường như không có tính hợp lệ bên ngoài.
    Nó không có liên quan đến các điều kiện tập luyện thực tế mà mọi người không tập luyện khi chưa ăn.
    Và vì vậy những gì chúng tôi đã làm là chúng tôi đã thực hiện một số điều.
    Trước tiên, chúng tôi đã viết một bài đánh giá kể lại chỉ trích về cửa sổ anabolic sau khi tập luyện, và điều này vào năm 2013.
    Chúng tôi đã làm phật lòng tất cả các nhà nghiên cứu đã thực hiện công việc quan trọng trong lĩnh vực đó.
    Tôi cảm thấy có một chủ đề ở đây.
    Nó hơi châm chọc.
    Và sau đó chúng tôi thực sự đã thực hiện một phân tích tổng hợp của tài liệu hiện có xem xét vấn đề cửa sổ anabolic.
    Đối với các thính giả, phân tích tổng hợp là một nghiên cứu về các nghiên cứu.
    Bạn thu thập tất cả các nghiên cứu về một câu hỏi nhất định, và sau đó bạn xem xét – bạn nhìn vào kích thước hiệu ứng, và bạn xem xét bằng chứng nghiêng về phía nào, liệu có hiệu ứng đáng kể hoặc ý nghĩa nào hay không.
    Vì vậy, chúng tôi đã thực hiện phân tích tổng hợp này.
    Và chúng tôi đã thu thập các nghiên cứu so sánh điều kiện thời gian protein trong đó protein được tiêu thụ trong vòng một giờ trước hoặc sau khi tập luyện.
    Và sau đó, nhóm đối chứng của nghiên cứu sẽ phải có protein, tối thiểu là hai giờ không tiêu thụ dinh dưỡng ở cả hai bên của khoảng thời gian tập luyện.
    Vì vậy, chúng tôi đã tập hợp tất cả các nghiên cứu so sánh các điều kiện này.
    Và chúng tôi đã có một người phân tích thống kê tuyệt vời, James Krieger.
    Ông ấy đã thực hiện các phân tích hồi quy.
    Và về cơ bản, chúng tôi phát hiện ra rằng miễn là tổng lượng protein hàng ngày khoảng 1.66, 1.
    7 gram trên mỗi kilogram trọng lượng cơ thể, khoảng 0,7 gram trên mỗi pound. Chừng nào tổng lượng protein hàng ngày ở mức đó hoặc hơn, thì thời gian tiêu thụ không trái ngược với buổi tập không có sự khác biệt. Điều này quan trọng để mọi người nghe vì điều này chuyển thành một thông điệp rất đơn giản trong tai tôi, đó là bạn không cần phải lo lắng quá mức về “cửa sổ đồng hóa cơ bắp” sau tập, đặc biệt nếu bạn ăn trước khi tập. Đúng vậy. Bởi vì bạn có dưỡng chất luân chuyển trong cơ thể. Bây giờ, nếu bạn ăn miếng cuối cùng vào lúc 8 giờ tối và dậy lúc 7 giờ sáng, rồi bạn tập lúc 10 giờ sáng, thì có thể khi bạn hoàn thành bài tập chân hoặc bất kỳ bài tập kháng lực nào, bạn sẽ muốn ưu tiên việc nạp protein và các dưỡng chất khác vào cơ thể. Điều bạn đang nói về cơ bản là quá hợp lý khi tôi nghe thấy, đó là bạn có các dưỡng chất luân chuyển trong cơ thể và tích trữ trong glycogen, và vì vậy bạn đang rút từ một kho chứa. Nhịn ăn không nhất thiết có nghĩa là đói. Quy tắc chung, nếu bạn đang ợ hơi từ bữa ăn trước khi tập về cuối buổi tập, thì bạn không cần phải chạy theo điều này. Đó là lý do tại sao tôi không thích tiêu thụ bất cứ thứ gì trước khi tập, ngoại trừ caffeine, điện giải và nước. Lý do có một câu trả lời kỳ lạ và phức tạp với điều này là một buổi tập kháng lực đơn lẻ sẽ gây ra một loại, bạn biết đấy, chuỗi sự kiện thú vị, nơi tổng hợp protein cơ bắp sẽ đạt đỉnh 24 giờ sau buổi tập kháng lực. Và sẽ mất từ 48 đến 72 giờ để quay trở lại mức cơ bản như khi bạn chưa thực hiện buổi tập kháng lực. Vì vậy, cửa sổ đồng hóa thực sự không phải là giờ, mà là ngày. Vậy nên, đó là vấn đề đảm bảo rằng bạn đang tiêu thụ. Ừ, điều đầu tiên theo thứ tự quan trọng là tổng lượng protein hàng ngày. Có một bậc thang quan trọng ở đây. Nếu bạn đảm bảo lượng protein hàng ngày đúng, thì thời gian của các liều lượng cấu thành trong tổng hợp chỉ là một mối quan tâm thứ yếu xa xôi. Ngay cả khi nó chỉ được phân bổ qua hai bữa ăn. Như giả sử tôi tập luyện vào buổi sáng. Có thể tôi sẽ có một chút caffeine và một thìa protein shake trước, như với một ít whey protein, có thể vài hạt hạnh nhân để làm chậm quá trình tiêu hóa hoặc gì đó. Tập luyện và sau đó tôi không được ăn cho đến 3 giờ chiều. Và tôi chỉ tập trong một giờ, giả sử nhé. Và sau đó vào lúc 3 giờ chiều, tôi có một chút ức gà và một món salad, có thể một miếng bánh mì vì tôi đang vội. Và rồi tối đó tôi về nhà và cảm thấy đói và tôi ăn hai miếng bít tết ribeye. Tôi đang phóng đại ở đây. Tôi sẽ không làm điều đó. Tôi muốn, nhưng tôi không. Hai miếng bít tết ribeye đó có thể cung cấp cho bạn 75 hoặc thậm chí 100 gram protein và rất nhiều thứ khác nữa. Bạn có thể sử dụng tất cả những thứ đó cho tổng hợp protein cơ bắp không? Câu trả lời ngắn gọn là có. Câu trả lời tinh tế là để tôi kể cho bạn về một vài nghiên cứu. Được rồi. Vâng, như bạn đã làm điều đó, nhưng hãy để tôi hỏi bạn một cách khác. Không phải để ngừng nhấn mạnh vào các nghiên cứu, vì đó là lý do bạn ở đây. Nhưng có điều gì sai trái khi tiêu thụ một bữa ăn giàu hoặc rất giàu protein một cách thỉnh thoảng không? Đặc biệt nếu bạn không ăn nhiều hoặc tiêu thụ nhiều protein trong suốt cả ngày. Và lý do tôi hỏi điều này là vì lý do thực tiễn. Nhiều người thấy khó khăn trong việc phân phối protein của họ đều đặn qua cả ngày. Nhiều người cũng thấy khó để có đủ protein trong các bữa ăn giữa trưa hoặc bữa ăn buổi sáng. Điều đó có thể thực hiện được và tôi biết mọi người sẽ nói, ừ, bạn có một vài quả trứng và một chút protein. Có những cách để làm điều đó. Đúng vậy. Nhưng ít nhất ở đất nước này, hầu hết mọi người có xu hướng coi bữa tối là bữa ăn lớn nhất của họ, cho dù tốt hay xấu. Và bạn thường có thể đặt món ăn chất lượng cao, giàu protein trong một nhà hàng như bít tết, ức gà, cá, v.v. Vì vậy, rất nhiều người tích lũy protein vào cuối ngày. Giả sử lượng calo phù hợp, v.v. Có điều gì fundamentally sai hoặc xấu khi làm điều đó từ quan điểm về thành phần cơ thể và sức khỏe không? Tôi sẽ nói là không. Và rồi có nhiều cấp độ khác nhau, đúng không? Như chúng ta đang xem xét ở đâu? Chúng ta đang nói về những người đàn ông và phụ nữ, thanh thiếu niên cho đến 75 tuổi, đang cố gắng giữ dáng bằng cách kết hợp giữa tập kháng lực và hy vọng một số bài tập tim mạch nữa, đang cố gắng đi bộ. Chúng tôi đang nói về dân số chung, không phải ai đó đang cố gắng chiến thắng một cuộc thi thể hình hay chạy marathon hay ultra. Được rồi. Vậy nên, về cơ bản thì không. Và tôi muốn làm rõ thêm một chút. Các đồng nghiệp của tôi và tôi đã thực hiện một nghiên cứu thử nghiệm việc cửa sổ đồng hóa này. Đây là vào năm 2014, nơi chúng tôi so sánh 25 gram whey protein trước khi tập so với 25 gram whey protein sau khi tập ngay lập tức. Chúng tôi đã thực hiện thí nghiệm này trong 10 tuần. Đúng, 10 tuần. Đúng vậy. Tám hoặc 10. Có lẽ là 10. Và không có lợi thế đáng kể của bất kỳ điều kiện nào. Và chúng tôi nghĩ rằng, được rồi, mọi người cứ khăng khăng về cửa sổ đồng hóa sau khi tập. Vì vậy, thực sự – nếu có cơ hội tiêu thụ dưỡng chất vào thời điểm tối ưu để cung cấp cho các cơ bắp đói khát, thì bạn sẽ muốn tập trung vào khả năng có sẵn của các dưỡng chất trong lưu thông chứ không phải khi bạn thực sự tiêu thụ các dưỡng chất đó. Bởi vì có một khoảng thời gian để – để các dưỡng chất đạt đỉnh trong lưu thông. Thường thì nó vào khoảng từ một đến hai giờ sau khi bạn tiêu thụ chúng. Vậy thì sao nếu chúng ta tiêu thụ protein ngay trước khi tập, và sau đó nó sẽ đạt đỉnh trong máu khoảng một giờ sau, và rồi bạn sẽ ở ngay trong cửa sổ đồng hóa. Vậy nên chúng tôi không thấy có lợi thế nào với việc tiêu thụ protein ngay trước hay ngay sau. Điều đó đã diễn ra vào năm 2014. Vậy nên, tiến tới năm 2024, 23, 24. Một trong những đồng nghiệp của tôi, Yasin Lak, ông ấy đã lấy mô hình trước-sau của chúng tôi, và ông ấy đã thực hiện phiên bản thử nghiệm ngẫu nhiên của riêng mình.
    Nhưng anh ấy muốn khai thác khả năng bỏ qua protein ở cả hai phía của buổi tập luyện. Vậy nên, anh ấy đã so sánh một bữa ăn ngay trước và ngay sau – 25 gram protein ở giữa buổi tập sức đề kháng với một nhóm bỏ qua tất cả các chất dinh dưỡng trong ba giờ ở cả hai phía của buổi tập sức đề kháng. Tổng lượng protein hàng ngày được tối ưu hóa ở mức khoảng gần 1 gram mỗi pound (đơn vị cân nặng) hoặc khoảng 2 gram mỗi kilogram (kg) trọng lượng cơ thể. Không có sự khác biệt đáng kể nào, không có sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa trong việc tăng kích thước cơ bắp và sức mạnh vào cuối – tôi tin đó là một nghiên cứu kéo dài 10 hoặc 12 tuần. Điều đó làm tôi thấy rất yên tâm. Ý tôi là vì tôi có một lịch trình bận rộn như nhiều người khác, và đôi khi tôi cảm thấy hơi đói trước khi tập, và tôi muốn một muỗng bột protein, và tôi sẽ nghĩ, ôi, liệu có nên – chúng ta sẽ bàn về việc liệu có lợi hơn không khi tập luyện lúc đói với rất nhiều lý do khác nhau. Đôi khi mọi người không thích tập lúc đói. Đôi khi mọi người không thích ăn ngay sau khi tập. Đôi khi bạn cần tắm và đi ăn tối sau khi tập hoặc tắm và đi họp, và bạn không có cơ hội để nạp protein trong cái gọi là “cửa sổ đồng hóa”. Vậy nên, điều tôi nghe được qua tất cả các câu trả lời này, hãy sửa cho tôi nếu tôi sai, đó là có sự linh hoạt lớn về thời điểm bạn tiêu thụ protein mà tất cả chúng ta cần. Nhưng yêu cầu protein tổng thể có vẻ như tập trung ở khoảng 0,7 đến 1 gram cho mỗi pound trọng lượng cơ thể, khoảng đó tổng cộng mỗi ngày. Nếu lượng protein trong một bữa ăn cụ thể cao hơn 20 hoặc 30 gram một chút, thì bạn sẽ ổn. Nếu thấp hơn một chút, có lẽ bạn cũng sẽ ổn. Nhưng điều mà tôi cũng tin rằng cần được nhấn mạnh mà hầu hết mọi người không nói đến là phân biệt giữa những gì đang lưu thông và khi một người tiêu thụ thứ gì đó. Chúng ta thường nghĩ rằng chúng ta uống 30 gram protein hay ăn ức gà hoặc miếng thịt bò hoặc ăn trứng, và đột nhiên những axit amin đó có sẵn. Và bây giờ thì nó hoàn toàn hợp lý hơn khi bạn miêu tả rằng việc ăn trước làm cho những axit amin đó có sẵn cho cơ bắp sau vài giờ. Chúng ta chỉ không học về nó theo cách đó, vì vậy tôi rất biết ơn rằng bạn đã nêu lên điều đó theo cách này. Tôi nhận ra rằng chúng ta có thể bàn về yêu cầu protein một cách vô tận. Hãy nghĩ về nó theo cách này. Cách tôi thích diễn đạt là tổng lượng protein hàng ngày là chiếc bánh. Thời gian cụ thể của protein liên quan đến buổi tập, đó là lớp kem trên chiếc bánh, và đó là một lớp kem rất mỏng trên chiếc bánh. Tôi muốn dừng lại một chút và công nhận một trong những nhà tài trợ của chúng tôi, Carbon. Carbon là một ứng dụng huấn luyện dinh dưỡng được xây dựng bởi chuyên gia dinh dưỡng Dr. Lane Norton. Tôi đã sử dụng Carbon hơn ba năm nay, và tôi phải nói rằng, với việc đã quan tâm đến thể hình và dinh dưỡng trong hơn ba thập kỷ, đây là một trong những công cụ mạnh mẽ nhất cho việc huấn luyện dinh dưỡng và quản lý cân nặng hiệu quả mà tôi từng gặp. Đặc biệt nếu mục tiêu của bạn giống tôi, đó là duy trì hoặc xây dựng cơ bắp trong khi cũng giảm mỡ. Bây giờ, tôi sắp bước sang tuổi 50 vào tháng 9 này, và mặc dù tôi nghĩ mình đang trong hình dạng khá tốt, và tôi đã tập luyện trong một thời gian dài và cố gắng ăn uống đúng cách, một trong những mục tiêu của tôi là bước sang tuổi 50 trong hình dạng tốt nhất của cuộc đời mình. Để làm được điều đó, tôi đang điều chỉnh dinh dưỡng của mình bằng ứng dụng Carbon với mục tiêu tăng khối lượng cơ bắp, tăng sức mạnh, đồng thời giảm mỡ cơ thể. Tôi đã khen ngợi ứng dụng Carbon với bạn bè và gia đình và các thành viên trong đội ngũ Huberman Lab của tôi trong vài năm qua. Và mọi người đã tham gia cùng tôi sử dụng nó đều thấy nó rất hữu ích. Trên thực tế, một số người trong số đó sẽ tham gia cùng tôi trong việc theo đuổi những mục tiêu về thể dục và thành phần cơ thể khi tôi bước đến 50 tuổi. Sinh nhật của tôi là ngày 26 tháng 9, và vì vậy tôi muốn mời bạn tham gia, nếu bạn muốn cải thiện thành phần cơ thể và thể chất của mình, hãy sử dụng ứng dụng Carbon. Bây giờ, có rất nhiều ứng dụng ngoài kia tập trung vào thể dục và dinh dưỡng, nhưng điều làm cho Carbon khác biệt là nó không chỉ đưa cho bạn một kế hoạch phù hợp cho tất cả mọi người. Nó thực sự học về quá trình trao đổi chất của bạn theo thời gian và điều chỉnh chương trình của bạn dựa trên kết quả của bạn. Nó cũng cho bạn sự linh hoạt hoàn toàn trong cách bạn ăn. Nếu bạn ăn chay hoặc ăn kiêng keto, high-carb, low-carb, bất cứ điều gì ở giữa, hoặc thậm chí nếu bạn chuyển từ chế độ ăn này sang chế độ ăn khác, Carbon sẽ làm việc theo sở thích của bạn. Một điều khác mà tôi thích về Carbon là nó dễ dàng thích ứng với việc bạn là người thích nhập vào thương hiệu cụ thể và số lượng ounce hoặc gram chính xác của thức ăn mà bạn đã ăn, hoặc nếu bạn có xu hướng thoải mái hơn về điều đó, như bạn đã ăn một nắm hạt hạnh nhân hoặc gì đó tương tự, nó có thể học và thích ứng với điều đó và vẫn cung cấp cho bạn những khuyến nghị chính xác. Vậy nên, nếu bạn đang tìm cách tiếp cận dinh dưỡng một cách thông minh hơn, cá nhân hóa hơn, tôi không thể khuyến nghị ứng dụng Carbon đủ. Để thử Carbon, bạn có thể truy cập joincarbon.com/slash Huberman. Trong khi Carbon thường không cung cấp các bản dùng thử hoặc chương trình khuyến mãi, họ đã đồng ý cung cấp một bản dùng thử miễn phí trong bảy ngày cho tất cả người nghe podcast Huberman. Một lần nữa, đó là joincarbon.com/slash Huberman để nhận bản dùng thử miễn phí trong bảy ngày. Tập podcast hôm nay cũng được mang đến cho chúng ta bởi Wealthfront. Tôi đã sử dụng Wealthfront cho tiết kiệm và đầu tư của mình gần một thập kỷ, và tôi hoàn toàn yêu thích nó. Vào đầu mỗi năm, tôi đặt ra những mục tiêu mới. Và một trong những mục tiêu của tôi cho năm 2025 là tập trung vào việc tiết kiệm tiền. Kể từ khi tôi có Wealthfront, tôi sẽ giữ số tiền tiết kiệm đó trong tài khoản tiền mặt Wealthfront của tôi, nơi tôi có thể kiếm được 4% lãi suất hàng năm trên các khoản gửi của mình, và bạn cũng có thể. Với Wealthfront, bạn có thể kiếm được 4% APY trên tiền mặt của bạn từ các ngân hàng đối tác cho đến khi bạn sẵn sàng tiêu tốn số tiền đó hoặc đầu tư. Với Wealthfront, bạn cũng nhận được các khoản rút tiền ngay lập tức miễn phí đến các tài khoản đủ điều kiện mỗi ngày, ngay cả vào cuối tuần và ngày lễ.
    Lãi suất 4% APY không phải là lãi suất khuyến mại và không có giới hạn nào cho số tiền bạn có thể gửi và kiếm. Bạn thậm chí còn có thể nhận được sự bảo vệ lên tới 8 triệu đô la thông qua bảo hiểm FDIC do các ngân hàng đối tác của Wealthfront cung cấp. Wealthfront cho phép bạn rút tiền ngay lập tức miễn phí, chỉ mất vài phút để chuyển tiền của bạn vào các tài khoản bên ngoài đủ điều kiện. Nó cũng chỉ mất vài phút để chuyển tiền mặt từ tài khoản tiền mặt sang bất kỳ tài khoản đầu tư tự động nào của Wealthfront khi bạn đã sẵn sàng đầu tư. Hiện tại đã có một triệu người sử dụng Wealthfront để tiết kiệm nhiều hơn, kiếm nhiều hơn, và xây dựng tài sản lâu dài. Kiếm 4% APY trên tiền mặt của bạn ngay hôm nay. Nếu bạn muốn thử Wealthfront, hãy truy cập Wealthfront.com/slashHuberman để nhận một khoản thưởng miễn phí 50 đô la với khoản gửi 500 đô la vào tài khoản tiền mặt đầu tiên của bạn. Đó là Wealthfront.com/slashHuberman để bắt đầu ngay bây giờ. Đây là một lời chứng thực trả phí của Wealthfront. Công ty môi giới Wealthfront không phải là ngân hàng. APY có thể thay đổi. Để biết thêm thông tin, xem trong mô tả tập này.
    Hãy nói về việc tập luyện nhịn ăn và liệu nó có thực sự đốt cháy nhiều chất béo trong cơ thể hơn hay không. Ở đây, chúng ta hãy mở rộng cuộc trò chuyện để bao gồm cả việc tập luyện tim mạch. Và tất nhiên, đó là một lĩnh vực rộng lớn. Nó có thể là khoảng cách dài, chậm. Nó có thể là tập luyện cường độ cao giữa các khoảng nghỉ. Bất cứ thứ gì làm tăng nhịp tim của bạn một cách cố ý trong 12 phút hoặc hơn là cách tôi mô tả. Vậy hãy làm cho định nghĩa tập luyện của chúng ta thật rộng rãi. Nó có thể là tập tạ, tập theo vòng, toàn thân, tách bộ phận cơ thể, bất cứ thứ gì. Hãy bao gồm tất cả những điều đó. Vậy hãy định nghĩa sự nhịn ăn là không ăn gì trong khoảng bốn giờ giữa ngày hoặc từ tám đến mười hai giờ, bao gồm cả giấc ngủ đêm trước, đúng không? Vì vậy, mọi người sẽ nói, chờ đã, nhưng tôi nhịn ăn vì tôi không ăn trưa. Và sau đó tôi thử, được rồi, điều đó trở nên rất mơ hồ. Và chúng ta có thể mất 26 giờ ở đây và chúng ta không muốn làm điều đó. Vậy, giả sử một người tập luyện khi nhịn ăn, họ có đốt cháy nhiều chất béo tích trữ trong cơ thể hơn hay chỉ đốt cháy chất béo từ chế độ ăn uống nếu có chất béo từ chế độ ăn uống đang lưu thông và sẵn có không? Chúng ta hãy nói đến lipid. Tôi nghĩ rằng khi chúng ta nghe từ chất béo, mọi người nghĩ đến chất béo cơ thể, nhưng cũng có cả chất béo từ chế độ ăn uống. Vậy bạn có thể phân biệt giữa hai cái này được không?
    Được rồi. Hãy tưởng tượng điều này. Hãy tưởng tượng hai người ăn đúng số lượng chính xác từ chế độ ăn giống nhau, chế độ ăn giống hệt. Đến cuối ngày, cùng hàm lượng dinh dưỡng vĩ mô, lựa chọn thực phẩm giống nhau, mọi thứ hoàn toàn giống nhau. Một người hoặc một trong các nhóm, hãy cho rằng chúng ta đang tiến hành một nghiên cứu, được không? Một trong các nhóm tập luyện trong trạng thái nhịn ăn thật sự sau khi hấp thu, khoảng từ tám đến mười giờ, không ăn gì cả. Họ sẽ đốt cháy nhiều chất béo hơn trong suốt thời gian tập luyện. Chất béo cơ thể? Đúng. Họ sẽ đốt cháy nhiều chất béo cơ thể hơn. Họ sẽ đốt cháy nhiều chất béo nội cơ hơn. Tổng lượng oxy hóa chất béo của họ sẽ cao hơn nhóm ăn sáng. Nhóm ăn sáng sẽ thực sự đốt cháy bữa sáng của họ trong suốt quá trình tập luyện. Vì vậy, vâng, trong quá trình tập luyện, có sự đốt cháy chất béo nhiều hơn ở nhóm nhịn ăn. Nhưng một lần nữa, chúng ta đang nhìn vào hai nhóm tiêu thụ cùng một chế độ ăn. Vì vậy, nhóm đã ăn bữa sáng sẽ tiêu thụ ít món ăn hơn, ít thực phẩm hơn, một bữa ăn ít hơn trong phần còn lại của ngày. Vì vậy, quá trình oxy hóa chất béo của họ sẽ cao hơn trong phần còn lại của ngày. Và vì vậy, tất cả sẽ trở lại bình thường vào cuối ngày. Đây là vấn đề lớn và nguyên tắc lớn về việc tập luyện khi nhịn ăn có, vâng, nó thực sự đốt cháy nhiều chất béo hơn trong quá trình tập luyện. Nhưng bạn đang nhìn vào một khoảng thời gian ngắn trong cả ngày. Bạn không nhìn vào toàn bộ quá trình cả ngày. Nhưng bạn biết không? Đây là một ý tưởng lớn đã tồn tại suốt những năm 80 muộn và đầu những năm 90. Bạn biết không, thậm chí vào những năm 2000 khi Bill Phillips phát hành “Body for Life” và những thứ tương tự. Ông ấy rất chú trọng đến tập luyện tim mạch khi nhịn ăn. Và vì vậy, những truyền thuyết này thật sự thú vị nếu bạn biết các nhà khoa học có thể kéo bạn vào và giúp bạn, bạn biết đấy, điều tra những điều này. Vì vậy, một lần nữa, tôi phải dành nhiều lời khen cho Brad Schoenfeld. Ông ấy muốn thử nghiệm giả thuyết này. Và vì vậy, chúng tôi đã lấy các đối tượng là sinh viên ở độ tuổi đại học, là phụ nữ, và chúng tôi so sánh việc tập tim mạch khi nhịn ăn với việc tập khi đã ăn. Và truyền thuyết chủ yếu vào thời điểm đó là vùng đốt cháy chất béo, đúng không? Vậy nên, chúng tôi đang nói đến tập luyện tim ở cường độ thấp hoặc trung bình, mà họ thực hiện trong ít hơn một tiếng. Và chúng tôi so sánh một bữa ăn chuẩn bị ngay trước khi tập tim, đó là một loại thay thế bữa ăn, với cùng một bữa ăn tiêu thụ sau khi tập tim. Sau đó chúng tôi đo lường thành phần cơ thể trong suốt – mọi người chỉ trích nghiên cứu vì chỉ kéo dài bốn tuần. Nhưng, nhìn xem – Thật khó để thực hiện các nghiên cứu trên con người. Tôi đã thực hiện điều đó. Tôi đã tham gia vào một thử nghiệm lâm sàng trên con người. Thật sự khó để thực hiện các nghiên cứu dài hạn, đặc biệt là trên con người, đặc biệt khi nó liên quan đến dinh dưỡng và tập luyện. Vâng. Thật tàn khốc. Vì vậy, tôi đánh giá cao khi bạn đã thực hiện điều đó. Bạn sẽ không phải hứng chịu chỉ trích từ tôi về việc kéo dài bốn tuần. Tốt, tốt. Nhưng tôi đánh giá cao rằng bạn đã đề cập đến thời gian của nghiên cứu vì tính tỉ mỉ, mà bạn được biết đến, mọi người nên biết điều đó. Vâng. Vâng. Đây là một trong những nghiên cứu duy nhất hiện có đã xem xét câu hỏi này và kiểm soát các điều kiện tiêu thụ calo thấp. Thực tế, tôi đã tự tay tổng hợp tất cả các nghiên cứu cho từng đối tượng, điều chỉnh cho nhu cầu của họ và đảm bảo mọi thứ đều ở mức calo thấp, đảm bảo protein được tối ưu hóa. Điều thú vị là không có tập luyện sức mạnh nào liên quan đến nghiên cứu. Họ chỉ đang tập tim của mình. Các đối tượng trong cả hai nhóm duy trì khối lượng cơ bắp, nhưng cả hai nhóm đều giảm một lượng chất béo cơ thể đáng kể. Không có khác biệt nào về việc giảm chất béo cơ thể giữa các nhóm vào cuối nghiên cứu, dù họ có tập tim khi đã ăn hay nhịn ăn, và đó là vì chúng tôi đã đảm bảo rằng tổng dinh dưỡng giữa các nhóm là như nhau.
    Và bạn đã nói, một lần nữa, các đối tượng là những phụ nữ ở độ tuổi đại học. Phụ nữ ở độ tuổi đại học, đúng vậy. Và bài cardio là gì? Bài tập là gì? Lý do tôi hỏi điều này là vì thật ấn tượng khi tất cả họ đều giảm được mỡ cơ thể miễn là họ ăn đủ lượng calorie cần thiết. Thời gian phân phối lượng calorie đó không quan trọng so với việc tập thể dục. Và họ đã duy trì khối lượng cơ bắp. Nếu họ không thực hiện tập luyện sức bền, tôi cũng ấn tượng rằng bài tập tim mạch đủ để cho phép họ duy trì khối lượng cơ bắp. Bài tập tim mạch là gì? Nó có cường độ thấp đến trung bình, có thể được gọi là loại cardio vùng 2, nơi bạn vẫn có thể nói chuyện, nhưng không nhất thiết là một điệu nhảy waltz. Và vì vậy toàn bộ ý tưởng là ở trong vùng đốt mỡ. Chúng tôi muốn khai thác toàn bộ khái niệm vùng đốt mỡ để giữ cho cường độ ở mức thấp đến trung bình, để chúng tôi có thể cho tình trạng cardio nhịn ăn cơ hội thể hiện bất kỳ phép màu nào mà nó có thể có. Nhưng điều thực tế rút ra từ điều đó là, thứ nhất, chúng tôi không thấy một đống mất khối lượng cơ bắp trong nhóm cardio nhịn ăn vì có một câu chuyện nói rằng, ừm, bạn không nên tập luyện khi nhịn ăn. Bạn biết đấy, dù thế nào đi nữa, bạn cũng không nên tập cardio khi nhịn ăn vì bạn sẽ mất cơ bắp. Vậy mà họ không mất bất kỳ khối lượng cơ bắp nào. Và khi bạn rút ra những điều thực tiễn từ những phát hiện này, chúng tôi có thể nói rằng nếu bạn thích tập luyện khi nhịn ăn và bạn cảm thấy thoải mái hơn khi thực hiện cardio trong trạng thái nhịn ăn, tuyệt vời, hãy làm điều đó khi nhịn ăn. Nếu bạn không thể chịu được việc tập cardio khi nhịn ăn và bạn thích ăn sáng trước đó, thì hãy cứ làm như vậy. Chỉ cần biết rằng điều đó sẽ không nhất thiết cản trở nỗ lực giảm mỡ của bạn miễn là bạn vẫn duy trì tình trạng khiêm tốn vào cuối ngày hoặc cuối tuần. Và, tôi có nghĩa là, những khuyến nghị đó có thể thay đổi tùy thuộc vào loại cardio bạn thực hiện, đặc biệt là những loại có cường độ cao hơn hoặc chắc chắn là các loại thể thao cạnh tranh liên quan đến, bạn biết đấy, các yếu tố hiệu suất bền bỉ và những thứ khác. Nhưng đó là điều mà nghiên cứu của chúng tôi cho thấy rằng cardio nhịn ăn so với cardio khi no, không quan trọng. Hãy làm điều đó dựa trên sở thích cá nhân. Tôi yêu điều đó. Sau nhiều năm các xu hướng khác nhau, tập luyện khi nhịn ăn, không tập luyện khi nhịn ăn, có vẻ như, cũng giống như với protein, những gì tôi học hỏi từ bạn là có rất nhiều linh hoạt về thời gian hơn là chúng ta có thể từng nghĩ. Nhưng mà calories tuyệt đối, tất nhiên, vẫn quan trọng. Ưu tiên protein cũng quan trọng. Và tôi muốn – và bạn vẫn phải tập luyện. Bạn phải làm gì đó. Và tôi có thể thêm điều này vì tôi biết bạn sẽ đánh giá cao điều này. Tôi sẽ không chọn lọc nghiên cứu của chúng tôi và nói rằng đây là kết quả cuối cùng, là chân lý. Một phân tích tổng hợp sau đó vài năm, tôi nghĩ là của Hagstrom và Hackett đã xem xét việc đào tạo khi nhịn ăn so với sau khi ăn. Họ đã tìm thấy không có sự khác biệt đáng kể hoặc lợi thế đáng kể nào về việc cải thiện thành phần cơ thể, giảm mỡ giữa các điều kiện nhịn ăn và khi no. Miễn là tổng thể dinh dưỡng được mặc định như nhau giữa các nhóm. Thật tuyệt. Điều này như âm nhạc trong tai tôi và tôi chắc chắn rằng nó cũng sẽ là âm nhạc cho mọi người vì nó chỉ ra rằng có sự linh hoạt, có sự linh hoạt, có sự linh hoạt. Và cuộc sống thì phức tạp, vì vậy sự linh hoạt hơn là tốt. Điều đáng thất vọng là nếu bạn đang tìm kiếm phép màu, nếu bạn muốn tìm một điều đặc biệt nào đó mà bạn có thể làm – Vâng, có lẽ phép màu nằm ở việc tập luyện liên tục. Dinh dưỡng, bao gồm protein, và kiến thức rằng có sự linh hoạt. Gần đây tôi có một câu nói trong đầu rằng những điều tạo ra 90% sự khác biệt, như giấc ngủ, tập thể dục, dinh dưỡng, ánh sáng, quản lý căng thẳng, mối quan hệ, v.v., trong sức khỏe của chúng ta, là những gì chúng ta phải làm 90% số ngày trong cuộc đời mình. Và đó là lý do tại sao vẫn tiếp tục có nhiều cuộc thảo luận xoay quanh chúng. Đây là lý do tại sao không chỉ giống như đây là những điều cơ bản. Được rồi, bạn xong rồi. Bởi vì những việc chúng ta phải làm mỗi ngày thì thường xuyên cần được nhắc nhở để làm hàng ngày. Nhưng theo những dòng đó, tại sao theo bạn, protein lại quan trọng đến vậy, rằng protein phải được coi như là viên gạch nền tảng của dinh dưỡng tốt, đặc biệt nếu một người đang cố gắng tiêu thụ calorie để duy trì hoặc thậm chí có thể giảm một chút mỡ cơ thể, có thể đồng thời duy trì hoặc tăng cơ bắp. Nhưng hãy tạm gác lại việc tăng cơ bắp một chút. Hãy chỉ đơn giản nói là duy trì cơ bắp. Nhưng nhiều người muốn giảm vài phần trăm mỡ cơ thể. Tại sao protein lại rất quan trọng cho quá trình đó? Tại sao thực sự calorie vào so với calorie ra vẫn đúng, luật nhiệt động lực học, nhưng protein lại quan trọng đến vậy? Chỉ có một vài điều chính mà cần lưu ý và có thể là một điều nhỏ thứ ba. Vậy điều lớn về protein và thành phần cơ thể là, thứ nhất, protein hỗ trợ trực tiếp khối lượng cơ bắp. Nó hỗ trợ trực tiếp tất cả các mô cơ ở trong cơ thể, đặc biệt là cơ xương. Và cơ xương về cơ bản là động cơ chuyển hóa của chúng ta mà chúng ta có thể kiểm soát. Nó quản lý việc sử dụng nhiên liệu của cơ thể chúng ta. Vì vậy, rất quan trọng để hỗ trợ cơ xương. Và protein làm điều đó một cách trực tiếp. Và protein lại bão hòa hơn carbohydrate và chất béo. Vì vậy, nó là macronutrient dễ no nhất. Chi tiết nhỏ thứ ba, ừm, nó có mức tiêu tốn năng lượng hay chi phí xử lý cao nhất trong cơ thể. Vì vậy, nó là macronutrient tốn kém năng lượng hoặc calorie để xử lý trong cơ thể. Vậy nó có hiệu ứng nhiệt cao hơn. Và vì vậy, đó là ba lý do chính tại sao protein lại quan trọng đến vậy trong những thứ như cải thiện thành phần cơ thể, giảm cân chất lượng cao, giảm mỡ. Những lý do đó rất tuyệt. Và còn về thứ bậc chất lượng protein thì sao? Tôi nghĩ đến chất lượng protein theo khía cạnh chất lượng của protein, có nghĩa là loại và tỷ lệ axit amin, tính sẵn có của những axit amin đó tương đối với lượng calorie mà một người phải tiêu thụ để có được chúng.
    Được rồi, vì thật lòng mà nói, tôi đã cảm thấy mệt mỏi và hơi khó chịu với những lời nói kiểu, ôi, bạn biết đấy, những thực phẩm dựa trên thực vật chứa một lượng lớn protein chất lượng. Và tôi tự hỏi, thật sao? Bạn phải tiêu thụ 2,000 calo từ thực vật hoặc ngũ cốc đó để có được hàm lượng axit amin tương đương từ một miếng bít tết, chẳng hạn như 4 ounce. Và đây không phải là một lập luận rằng protein động vật tốt hơn về mặt đạo đức. Tôi chỉ đang nói rằng về chất lượng theo hàm lượng calo hấp thụ, tôi cảm thấy protein động vật vượt trội hơn. Nhưng hãy cho tôi biết dữ liệu nói gì. Chắc chắn rồi, chắc chắn rồi. Người ơi, đây là một chủ đề gây nhiều tranh cãi. Chúng ta có một đối tượng mạnh mẽ. Họ có thể xử lý điều này. Họ có thể xử lý điều này. Được rồi, các bạn, hãy chuẩn bị. Hãy chuẩn bị tinh thần nhé. Vì gram so với gram, nhìn chung, protein động vật có chất lượng cao hơn. Chúng có khả năng đồng hóa tốt hơn. Chúng có tỷ lệ axit amin thiết yếu cao hơn. Chúng có lượng và tỷ lệ axit amin thúc đẩy đồng hóa cao hơn, đặc biệt là axit amin chuỗi nhánh, nhất là leucine. Và trong hầu hết tài liệu, khi bạn so sánh protein động vật với protein thực vật trực tiếp, bạn sẽ thấy sự tổng hợp protein cơ bắp lớn hơn. Bây giờ, với việc tổng hợp protein cơ bắp là một chỉ số ngắn hạn về những gì có thể chỉ ra xu hướng tăng trưởng theo thời gian, chúng ta phải xem liệu có thể xác nhận điều đó qua những thử nghiệm dài hạn nơi bạn kéo dài các thí nghiệm trong vài tuần và tháng để xem liệu có bất kỳ sự vượt trội nào với protein động vật so với protein thực vật trong việc tăng cơ bắp và/hoặc sức mạnh. Vì vậy, đã có rất nhiều nghiên cứu so sánh protein động vật với protein thực vật. Và thú vị là, protein động vật có lợi thế trong lĩnh vực này. Và điều đó đã được báo cáo trong một vài phân tích tổng hợp. Một trong số đó so sánh whey và đậu nành và không tìm thấy sự khác biệt đáng kể giữa hai loại về mặt đồng hóa. Vì vậy, chúng ta có thể coi đậu nành là một protein chất lượng cao. Nhưng khi nhìn vào các nghiên cứu riêng lẻ, whey vẫn có lợi thế về – vì các phân tích tổng hợp thường chỉ lấy dữ liệu và tổng hợp lại thành một kết luận duy nhất. Do đó, cũng quan trọng để xem xét các nghiên cứu riêng lẻ. Đây là lúc câu chuyện trở nên thú vị. Hiện có hai nghiên cứu so sánh – và đây là những gì còn thiếu trong tài liệu. Thường thì chúng ta lấy hai nhóm ăn tạp và bổ sung cho họ, giả sử, protein whey. Sau đó, chúng ta bổ sung cho nhóm kia một loại protein thực vật nào đó. Như protein đậu. Đúng vậy, protein đậu và – một điều thú vị về protein đậu là nó thực sự vượt trội hơn whey trong một nghiên cứu. Vì vậy, trong nghiên cứu năm 2015 này, việc bổ sung protein đậu đã vượt trội hơn whey trong việc tăng độ dày cơ bắp. Thật buồn! Tôi thực sự buồn khi thấy điều đó vì tôi đã cân nhắc và tự hỏi, ôi, Chúa ơi. Vâng. Chúng ta đang làm gì ở đây? Nghiên cứu đó chưa được tái hiện. Nhưng, được rồi, phần thú vị. Cuối cùng chúng ta có những nghiên cứu mà chúng ta đang nhìn vào chế độ ăn hoàn toàn thuần chay, một nhóm hoàn toàn ăn chay, không có sản phẩm động vật nào trong chế độ ăn so với một nhóm ăn tạp. Và họ bắt đầu một chế độ tập luyện sức bền, 12 tuần. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện bởi Lorraine và các đồng nghiệp. Đây là một vài năm trước. Và họ tối ưu hóa protein hoặc ít nhất là đặt nó ở mức tối ưu là 1.6 gram mỗi kg trọng lượng cơ thể mỗi ngày ở cả hai nhóm. Được rồi. Và điều độc đáo về nghiên cứu này là đây là lần đầu tiên chúng ta so sánh người ăn chay với người ăn tạp. Vì vậy, không có sự khác biệt đáng kể nào giữa các nhóm về kích thước cơ bắp và sức mạnh vào cuối 12 tuần, trong khi họ được chỉ định vào một chương trình tập luyện sức bền tiến bộ. Nó là iso-caloric. Iso-caloric. Có nghĩa là, cho những ai không biết nghĩa là tổng số năng lượng tiêu thụ mỗi ngày là như nhau trong nhóm ăn chay so với nhóm ăn tạp. Vâng, đúng vậy. Iso-caloric, iso-macro-nutritional, bạn biết đấy, iso-proteic, mọi thứ. Mọi thứ đều được cân bằng giữa các nhóm về mặt dinh dưỡng vĩ mô. Không có sự khác biệt đáng kể nào về kích thước và sức mạnh gia tăng. Và họ nghi ngờ – ôi, và nhân tiện, nhóm ăn chay, lượng protein của họ đã được nâng lên tới 1.6 gram mỗi kg hoặc 0.7 gram mỗi pound. Nó đã được tăng cường bởi việc bổ sung protein đậu nành. Vì vậy, rõ ràng, ý tôi là, chúng ta đang bắt đầu thấy rằng với một liều tổng protein hàng ngày là 1.6 gram mỗi kilogram trọng lượng cơ thể, nhóm hoàn toàn ăn chay đã có thể theo kịp nhóm ăn tạp về tăng trưởng kích thước và sức mạnh cơ bắp, ít nhất là trong điều kiện của nghiên cứu và ít nhất trong 12 tuần đó và ít nhất cho những đối tượng đã được sử dụng, những người không nhất thiết phải, bạn biết đấy, là những vận động viên trình độ cao hoặc – Vậy bạn có thể – nếu bạn xây dựng đúng cách, bạn có thể theo một chế độ ăn chay miễn là bạn nhận được 0.7 gram mỗi pound trọng lượng cơ thể. Và điều kỳ lạ là chế độ ăn chay tổng thể có hàm lượng axit amin thiết yếu thấp hơn nhiều và hàm lượng axit amin chuỗi nhánh thấp hơn nhiều. Nhưng rõ ràng, kích thích tập luyện sức bền đủ mạnh để làm cho tác động protein gần như thứ yếu. Thú vị. Vâng. Quay trở lại với việc tập thể dục có thể là yếu tố chính trong mọi thứ. Ôi, còn giấc ngủ, tôi sẽ lập luận rằng đó là yếu tố chính theo thời gian. Tôi đồng ý, bạn ơi. Vâng. Nhưng tôi sẽ nói điều này vì sau đó mọi người nghĩ nếu họ có một đêm ngủ tồi tệ thì không nên tập luyện. Tôi không biết bạn có quen với những nghiên cứu gần đây cho thấy rằng bạn có thể bù đắp cho viêm nhiễm xuất hiện khi có ít hơn năm giờ ngủ vào đêm hôm trước không. Bằng cách tập luyện. Bằng cách tập thể dục. Vâng, vâng. Bạn chỉ không muốn tạo thành thói quen như vậy. Nhưng nếu bạn – Nói thì dễ hơn làm. Tôi biết. Nếu bạn đang phân vân về việc có nên tập hay không vì bạn thiếu ngủ, hãy tập. Nhưng không nên làm điều đó quá một đến hai ngày mỗi tuần là tốt nhất. Và thậm chí tốt hơn sẽ là có giấc ngủ tuyệt vời và tập luyện.
    Nhưng –
    Tôi biết bạn đang chuẩn bị cho điều tiếp theo.
    Tôi muốn đề cập rằng nghiên cứu tôi vừa nói đến không phải là một lần duy nhất.
    Vài năm sau, Monteen và các đồng nghiệp đã làm điều tương tự, nhưng họ sử dụng mycoprotein cho nhóm người ăn chay.
    Mycoprotein.
    Đó là một loại protein có nguồn gốc từ nấm.
    Bạn đã thấy điều đó – tôi nghĩ là trên – có phải trên Netflix hay HBO không, The Last of Us, nơi mà nấm khiến con người trở nên đồng hóa?
    Tôi chưa xem điều đó.
    Tôi chưa xem điều đó.
    Đó chính là điều này.
    Đó chính là điều này.
    Nó dựa trên điều này.
    Tôi đang đùa về một chương trình hư cấu.
    Một vài người trong khán giả sẽ cười khúc khích hoặc chỉ nghĩ rằng tôi vừa nói một câu cửa miệng tệ nhất từng có.
    Nhưng nó là một loại protein có nguồn gốc từ nấm.
    Về mặt thương mại, nó được gọi là corn.
    Nên viết là Q-U-O-R-N.
    Được rồi.
    Đó là một trong những loại sản phẩm kỳ lạ đáng tiếc là rất đắt.
    Và vì vậy, nhóm ăn chay hoặc nhóm không có sản phẩm động vật, lượng protein của họ đã được tăng cường bằng mycoprotein này.
    Và sau đó họ được so sánh với những người ăn tạp với các nguồn protein hỗn hợp.
    Và vào cuối nghiên cứu, tôi tin rằng đó là một nghiên cứu kéo dài 12 tuần, không có sự khác biệt nào, không có sự khác biệt đáng kể nào về việc tăng kích thước cơ bắp và sức mạnh.
    Bạn biết đấy, chế độ tập luyện kháng lực tiến bộ, một lần nữa, không nhất thiết là những người đã được rèn luyện cao, nhưng về cơ bản chúng tôi thấy điều tương tự.
    Miễn là tổng lượng protein hàng ngày ở mức cần thiết, thì có vẻ như nhóm không có động vật có thể sánh ngang với những người ăn tạp, ít nhất là trong điều kiện của nghiên cứu đó.
    Vì vậy, tôi luôn nhìn những điều này với sự hoài nghi.
    Nhưng mycoprotein cũng vượt trội hơn protein sữa trong việc tổng hợp protein cơ bắp trong nghiên cứu cấp tính mà trước đó đã diễn ra trước nghiên cứu dài hạn này.
    Và vì vậy có một số điều kỳ lạ mà chúng ta có thể xem xét, bên cạnh protein động vật, có thể cũng đồng hóa như vậy.
    Vì vậy, đó là câu chuyện về protein từ động vật so với protein từ thực vật và/hoặc từ nấm.
    Vì vậy, vâng, tôi chỉ cần đưa vào cái montine.
    Điều đó rất thú vị.
    Bạn biết đấy, tôi nghĩ khi mọi người nghe thấy từ đậu nành, bạn biết đấy, đã có một cuộc tấn công vào đậu nành trong nhiều năm.
    Và tôi đã tránh nó, không vì lý do nào cụ thể, mà vì tôi thích các nguồn calo khác.
    Tôi thích thịt và quả mọng và trứng và những thứ như vậy.
    Nhưng thật thú vị là một số loại protein được chế tạo này và protein đậu nành và đậu hà lan, khi bạn thực sự cho chúng vào thử nghiệm trong điều kiện thích hợp, bạn biết đấy, chúng dường như, từng gam một, thực sự hoạt động tốt như protein động vật.
    Tuy nhiên, bạn đã đề cập rằng sự no, cảm giác no, thực sự là một yếu tố quan trọng.
    Vì vậy, tôi tò mò về nghiên cứu này, tôi không biết họ đã đo lường điều này hay chưa, xem liệu những người trong nhóm thuần chay có cảm thấy họ hài lòng với những gì họ đang ăn so với nhóm protein động vật hay không.
    Bạn biết đấy, vào cuối ngày, họ có khao khát thêm thực phẩm không?
    Họ có cảm thấy như họ cần một miếng bò ribeye không?
    Để theo dõi một chế độ ăn kiêng khá nghiêm ngặt của bất kỳ loại nào, nhưng đặc biệt là thực vật, người ta cần có lý do chính đáng.
    Bạn biết đấy, tôi nghĩ nếu không thì bạn chỉ rơi vào vấn đề sẵn có.
    Bạn biết đấy, dễ dàng hơn rất nhiều để ăn một chế độ ăn tạp.
    Vâng.
    Vâng.
    Điều đó không được đo lường trong hai nghiên cứu.
    Và tôi luôn nhìn những điều này một cách hoài nghi khi bạn sử dụng những đối tượng gần như không được rèn luyện, vì những đối tượng không được rèn luyện luôn gặp phải hiệu ứng người mới trong chế độ luyện tập, nơi mà những tiến bộ mà bạn nhận được từ việc tập kháng lực một mình sẽ chỉ che giấu bất kỳ lợi thế tiềm năng nào của bất kỳ loại protein nào.
    Vì vậy, bạn biết đấy, mọi người sẽ, ồ, Stu Phillips sẽ tranh luận với tôi về điều đó cả ngày.
    Chúng tôi đã có một cuộc tranh luận kéo dài hai ngày trên Twitter về điều đó.
    Bạn đã dành hai ngày cho một cuộc tranh luận trên X?
    Chà, Stu là một huyền thoại thực sự, anh ấy là một huyền thoại trong lĩnh vực nghiên cứu protein, nhưng anh ấy sẽ tranh luận trong hai đến ba ngày trên Twitter.
    Và vì vậy, bạn biết đấy, chúng tôi luôn kết thúc ở cùng một chỗ, nơi mà, nhìn, chúng tôi cần nhiều nghiên cứu hơn để xem liệu – và điều này không phải về – điều này không phải về protein thuần chay so với protein động vật, thực vật so với protein động vật.
    Điều này chỉ là về tổng lượng protein hàng ngày, mà thôi.
    Chúng tôi chỉ cần nghiên cứu thêm về những đối tượng đã được rèn luyện cao, đã rèn luyện kháng lực cao để xem liệu, thực sự, một chế độ protein hoàn toàn có nguồn gốc thực vật và được tối ưu về calo và tổng lượng protein hàng ngày có thể thực sự chạy với những thứ có nguồn gốc động vật, như protein động vật chất lượng cao.
    Vì vậy, điều đó gần như phụ thuộc vào việc bạn muốn đặt cược ở đâu và bạn muốn chấp nhận rủi ro ở đâu.
    Vì vậy, nếu bạn – nếu vàng đang bị đe dọa, nếu vị trí đầu tiên ở cấp độ chuyên nghiệp hoặc quốc gia đang bị đe dọa, thì, vâng, tôi không chắc.
    Tôi không chắc là tôi sẽ làm điều đó.
    Nhưng chính tư tưởng của mọi người là như vậy, và một số người chỉ bị điều khiển bởi những gì họ muốn bám vào.
    Vì vậy, điều đó thực sự phụ thuộc vào quần thể và mục tiêu là gì.
    Tôi muốn tạm dừng nhanh và ghi nhận nhà tài trợ của chúng ta, AG1.
    AG1 là một loại đồ uống vitamin khoáng chất probiotic mà cũng bao gồm prebiotic và adaptogen.
    Là một người đã tham gia vào nghiên cứu khoa học gần ba thập kỷ và trong lĩnh vực sức khỏe và thể hình cũng lâu như vậy, tôi luôn tìm kiếm những công cụ tốt nhất để cải thiện sức khỏe tinh thần, sức khỏe thể chất và hiệu suất của mình.
    Tôi phát hiện ra AG1 vào năm 2012, lâu trước khi tôi có một podcast, và tôi đã dùng nó hàng ngày kể từ đó.
    Tôi thấy nó cải thiện tất cả các khía cạnh của sức khỏe của tôi, năng lượng của tôi, sự tập trung của tôi, và tôi cảm thấy tự nhiên tốt hơn nhiều khi dùng nó.
    AG1 sử dụng những nguyên liệu chất lượng cao nhất trong các sự kết hợp phù hợp, và họ liên tục cải tiến công thức của mình mà không tăng giá.
    Thực tế, AG1 vừa ra mắt công thức nâng cấp mới nhất của họ.
    Công thức thế hệ tiếp theo này dựa trên nghiên cứu mới thú vị về tác động của probiotics lên hệ vi sinh vật đường ruột, và nó hiện đã bao gồm một vài chủng probiotics đã được nghiên cứu lâm sàng cho thấy hỗ trợ cả sức khỏe tiêu hóa và sức khỏe hệ miễn dịch, cũng như cải thiện tính đều đặn của đường ruột và giảm tình trạng đầy hơi.
    Mỗi khi được hỏi nếu tôi chỉ có thể uống một loại thực phẩm chức năng, đó sẽ là loại nào, tôi luôn nói là AG1.
    Nếu bạn muốn thử AG1, bạn có thể truy cập vào drinkag1.com slash Huberman.
    Trong một thời gian giới hạn, AG1 đang tặng một tháng dự trữ miễn phí dầu cá omega-3, cùng với một chai vitamin D3 cộng K2.
    Như tôi đã đề cập trước đây trong podcast này, dầu cá omega-3 và vitamin D3 K2 đã được chứng minh là giúp cải thiện mọi thứ từ tâm trạng và sức khỏe não bộ, đến sức khỏe tim mạch, đến tình trạng hormone khỏe mạnh, và nhiều điều khác.
    Một lần nữa, hãy truy cập drinkag1.com slash Huberman để nhận một tháng dự trữ miễn phí dầu cá omega-3, cùng một chai vitamin D3 cộng K2 với đăng ký của bạn.
    Tập podcast hôm nay cũng được mang đến bởi David.
    David sản xuất một thanh protein không giống bất kỳ loại nào khác.
    Nó có 28 gram protein, chỉ 150 calo, và hoàn toàn không có đường.
    Đúng vậy, 28 gram protein, và 75% lượng calo đến từ protein.
    Điều này cao hơn 50% so với thanh protein gần nhất.
    Thanh protein của David cũng rất ngon.
    Ngay cả kết cấu của nó cũng thật tuyệt vời.
    Thanh yêu thích của tôi là vị bánh quy chocolate chip, nhưng ngoài ra, tôi cũng thích vị bơ đậu phộng chocolate mới và vị brownie chocolate.
    Cơ bản là, tôi rất thích tất cả các vị.
    Tất cả đều cực kỳ ngon miệng.
    Thực tế, thử thách lớn nhất là biết ăn loại nào vào những ngày nào và bao nhiêu lần trong một ngày.
    Tôi giới hạn bản thân ở hai thanh mỗi ngày, nhưng tôi thực sự rất thích chúng.
    Với David, tôi có thể tiêu thụ 28 gram protein trong lượng calo của một bữa ăn nhẹ,
    điều này khiến tôi dễ dàng đạt được mục tiêu protein của mình là một gram protein cho mỗi pound trọng lượng cơ thể mỗi ngày,
    và tôi có thể làm điều đó mà không cần nạp quá nhiều calo.
    Tôi sẽ ăn một thanh protein David vào hầu hết các buổi chiều như một bữa ăn nhẹ,
    và tôi luôn giữ một thanh với mình khi ra ngoài hoặc đi du lịch.
    Chúng cực kỳ ngon, và vì có 28 gram protein,
    nên chúng thực sự rất thỏa mãn với chỉ 150 calo.
    Nếu bạn muốn thử David, bạn có thể truy cập vào davidprotein.com slash Huberman.
    Một lần nữa, đó là davidprotein.com slash Huberman.
    Tôi muốn nói một chút về tái cấu trúc cơ thể.
    Câu hỏi đơn giản để bắt đầu.
    Có thể, nói một cách khác, tăng cơ trong khi cùng lúc giảm mỡ không?
    Có.
    Tuyệt vời. Điều này sẽ làm mọi người yên tâm.
    Nó có cần một sự thâm hụt calo không?
    Đây là phần kỳ lạ.
    Không, không, và thực sự thú vị, man.
    Người bạn và đồng nghiệp của tôi, Chris Barakat, đã thu thập tất cả các nghiên cứu chứng minh hiện tượng tái cấu trúc này
    mà chúng ta gọi là recomp, với sự gia tăng đồng thời ở khối lượng nạc và giảm khối lượng mỡ.
    Vì vậy, anh ấy đã thu thập tất cả các nghiên cứu.
    Anh ấy đã tập hợp 10 nghiên cứu, và bản đánh giá này được công bố cách đây năm năm.
    Vì vậy, bạn có thể tưởng tượng có lẽ còn một vài nghiên cứu nữa cho thấy tái cấu trúc bây giờ.
    Vì vậy, chúng tôi có thể nói ít nhất có một tá nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra hiện tượng này, mà chúng tôi không nhất thiết nghĩ là có thể như 10 năm trước.
    Bạn biết đấy, chúng tôi nghĩ, được rồi, bạn cần một thặng dư calo để tăng cơ, và bạn cần một sự thâm hụt calo để giảm mỡ.
    Nhưng điều gì xảy ra trong những nghiên cứu này là hiện tượng tái cấu trúc là, tôi nghĩ, bảy trong số 10 nghiên cứu là tái cấu trúc với sự gia tăng khối lượng nạc chiếm ưu thế.
    Nói cách khác, khối lượng nạc được gia tăng nhiều hơn so với khối lượng mỡ bị mất.
    Vì vậy, có sự gia tăng ròng trong khối lượng cơ thể vào cuối các thử nghiệm này, điều này ít nhất rất mạnh mẽ ngụ ý rằng mỡ đã bị mất trong một thặng dư calo.
    Nếu bạn sẽ gợi ý cho ai đó cách tốt nhất để tiếp cận điều này, hãy giả sử ai đó, nói chung, không phải là một vận động viên cạnh tranh.
    Người này có thể là một người đàn ông hoặc phụ nữ, giả định rằng lời khuyên giống nhau sẽ áp dụng cho cả hai, sẵn sàng tập luyện kháng lực ba đến bốn lần mỗi tuần, giả sử ba lần mỗi tuần, làm cardio ba lần mỗi tuần trong khoảng một giờ mỗi buổi cho những buổi tập đó.
    Và họ sẵn sàng ăn lượng calo duy trì hoặc có thể nhiều hơn một chút, và mục tiêu của họ là tăng cơ một chút và giảm mỡ một chút.
    Bạn sẽ đặt lượng calo ở đâu so với nhu cầu của họ?
    Liệu có phải là thêm 200 đến 500 calo?
    Tôi nhận ra rằng điều đó khó nói vì chúng ta nên nói về tỷ lệ phần trăm, nhưng hãy cứ để nó rộng rãi vì lợi ích của đại chúng.
    Ai đó nên tiêu thụ nhiều hơn bao nhiêu so với lượng duy trì?
    Và giả sử rằng khi họ đến phòng tập, họ biết mình đang làm gì.
    Họ khởi động trong năm, mười phút, và sau đó họ tập luyện chăm chỉ.
    Họ thực hiện các set gần mức không thể hoàn thành.
    Họ đang làm, bạn biết đấy, ba đến sáu set cho mỗi bộ phận cơ thể.
    Họ đang tập luyện với ý thức nỗ lực.
    Và khi họ thực hiện cardio, họ ở đâu đó giữa vùng hai và có thể họ thực hiện một bài tập cường độ tối đa một lần mỗi tuần.
    Họ làm một số sprints ở giữa vùng hai và quay lại, bạn biết đấy, tôi nghĩ điều này khá điển hình với những gì nhiều người sẵn sàng làm hoặc hiện tại đang làm.
    Tôi sẽ nói rằng câu trả lời đơn giản và trực tiếp là cố gắng giữ cho thặng dư calo thật hợp lý.
    Vì vậy, khoảng 10% trên mức duy trì, điều này có thể là khoảng 200, có thể 300 calo trên mức bạn thấy là mức duy trì.
    Và sợi chỉ chung giữa các nghiên cứu tái cấu trúc này là protein rất cao.
    Protein vào khoảng từ một gram đến một gram rưỡi cho mỗi pound trọng lượng cơ thể.
    Thú vị.
    Vậy bây giờ chúng ta đã tăng cường lượng protein tiêu thụ.
    Có.
    Chúng ta có thể nói rằng thặng dư calo này, 10% trên mức duy trì nên đến từ protein chất lượng không?
    Chính xác.
    Có, có.
    Và có một loạt các nghiên cứu do Joey Antonio và các đồng nghiệp thực hiện, trong đó họ cho các đối tượng ăn từ 400 đến 800 calo trên mức tiêu thụ thường lệ chỉ bằng protein, và hoặc là tái cấu trúc xảy ra hoặc không có sự biến đổi đáng kể nào trong thành phần cơ thể.
    Họ có tập luyện không?
    Họ có tập luyện, họ đã tập luyện kháng lực.
    Vì vậy, protein rõ ràng có tác dụng gì khi bạn tiêu thụ một lượng rất lớn, lên đến, bạn biết đấy, một gram, một gram rưỡi cho mỗi pound cân nặng cơ thể? Nó dường như có khả năng tự phát làm một số điều kỳ diệu. Nó sẽ giảm lượng tiêu thụ các macronutrients khác. Nó có khả năng làm tăng năng lượng tiêu hao do tập thể dục và/hoặc năng lượng tiêu hao không tập thể dục. Nó sẽ gây ra những điều kỳ lạ. Như tôi đã nói chuyện với Joey Antonio khi anh ấy nhận được phản hồi từ các đối tượng trong nghiên cứu protein rất cao, nơi anh đã cho họ tiêu thụ hai gram mỗi pound trong một khoảng thời gian tám tuần. Và anh đã có các đối tượng đến và nói, “Này, tôi cảm thấy đổ mồ hôi khi tôi đang ngủ.” Khi bạn nói hai gram protein cho mỗi pound cân nặng cơ thể, chúng ta có đang nói về việc tăng tổng lượng calo không hay chỉ là sử dụng nhiều hơn nhu cầu calo hàng ngày của một người, dành nhiều hơn cho protein chất lượng? Xem, đó là phần rất thú vị và hơi bí ẩn. Họ đang nói, “Được rồi, giữ thói quen ăn uống thông thường của bạn và chỉ cần thêm 50 đến 100 gram protein.” Vì vậy, bạn đang ăn thêm một miếng ức gà và một vài muỗng whey protein hoặc có thể thêm một vài quả trứng nữa. Và bạn đang chỉ thêm nhiều protein chất lượng, thêm nhiều protein chất lượng bên cạnh những gì bạn đã ăn. Và chúng ta đã biết rằng chúng ta có thể phân phối nó hầu như bất kỳ đâu chúng ta muốn. Chỉ cần làm những gì thoải mái nhất cho bạn liên quan đến việc tập luyện và những nhu cầu khác. Và bạn đang nói, nhưng họ lại đổ mồ hôi trong khi ngủ. Họ đổ mồ hôi trong khi ngủ. Thêm 80 đến 100 gram protein, chỉ cần thêm vào. Và đó là một, xem nào, đó là một nghiên cứu sống tự do. Nên chúng ta không giám sát mọi người trong một phòng thí nghiệm chuyển hóa. Vậy nên việc tăng protein có thể đã dẫn đến việc tiêu hao năng lượng lớn hơn qua một số con đường, con đường không tập thể dục hoặc con đường tập thể dục. Nó có thể đã tạo ra nhiều sức mạnh hơn trong quá trình tập luyện của họ. Có thể có một số, bạn biết đấy, kiểu như những điều kỳ diệu về nhiệt lượng. Ai mà biết được? Nhưng, và cũng không thể bỏ qua thực tế rằng khi bạn bảo mọi người thêm, giả sử, 80 hoặc 100 gram protein vào mức tiêu thụ hàng ngày của họ, điều kỳ lạ với việc tự báo cáo của các đối tượng là họ có xu hướng ước tính quá cao những thứ lành mạnh mà bạn giao cho họ và ước tính quá thấp những thứ không lành mạnh. Hiện tượng học sinh tốt. Vâng, đúng rồi, chính xác. Chính xác, chính xác. Và có thể có một số báo cáo sai lệch diễn ra ở đó, nhưng qua một loạt có khoảng năm nghiên cứu, chỉ cần thêm protein vào. Không ai tăng mỡ và một số người giảm mỡ. Thật tuyệt! Ừ, nó thực sự rất tuyệt. Bây giờ đây là điều cần được nói. Được rồi. Có một nghiên cứu phòng thí nghiệm chuyển hóa được thực hiện vào khoảng năm 2013 bởi Bray và các đồng nghiệp, nơi họ đã cho những người tham gia tiêu thụ lượng protein tăng dần và đó là một nghiên cứu về việc ăn quá nhiều protein. Có ba mức tiêu thụ protein. Có chế độ ăn 5% protein, chế độ ăn 15% protein và chế độ ăn khoảng 30% protein. Tổng lượng calo tăng lên, không có tập thể dục nào liên quan đến nghiên cứu phòng thí nghiệm chuyển hóa này. Và các đối tượng đã tăng cả khối lượng cơ và khối lượng mỡ với lượng protein tăng dần. Vì vậy, có những điều khác nhau khi bạn nhốt mọi người trong một phòng thí nghiệm chuyển hóa và họ không thể tập luyện và sau đó bạn tăng lượng protein và calo của họ, họ sẽ tăng mỡ và khối lượng cơ. Nhưng trong điều kiện sống tự do với việc tập luyện cưỡng bức, nếu bạn chỉ cần quá nhiều protein cho các đối tượng, họ thực sự có xu hướng giảm mỡ. Và đó là một hiện tượng rất thú vị vì nó đã được quan sát nhiều lần. Với cả nam và nữ? Với cả nam và nữ, đúng. Thông điệp tôi nhận được là nếu bạn sẽ thêm calo, hãy thêm protein chất lượng. Vâng. Đảm bảo rằng bài tập sức mạnh của bạn ở đây, tôi đang xây dựng dựa trên những điều trước đây mà chúng ta đã nói. Phân phối protein có thể không quan trọng bằng việc chỉ cần đảm bảo rằng tổng lượng protein đúng. Vì vậy, tôi thấy rất yên tâm rằng tôi có thể tập luyện khi đói hoặc không đói, chủ yếu vì rất ít người trong chúng ta kiểm soát hoàn toàn lịch trình của mình. Nên đôi khi chúng ta cần tập luyện ngay vào buổi sáng và chúng ta phải bắt chuyến bay hoặc đi làm. Và đôi khi mọi người chỉ có thời gian vào buổi tối, kiểu như vậy. Tôi muốn đảm bảo rằng chúng ta nói về một số macronutrient khác. Chắc chắn rồi. Bởi vì carbohydrate cũng tồn tại. Chúng ta sẽ không nói về chất xơ ngay bây giờ. Tôi nghĩ, chúng ta có thể nhanh chóng đặt chất xơ sang một bên bằng cách nói rằng chất xơ là tốt, đúng không? Vâng. Được rồi. Chất xơ là tốt. Hãy lấy chất xơ. Câu trả lời ngắn gọn là nó tốt. Hãy lấy chất xơ và lấy nó từ trái cây và rau quả. Và nếu bạn không làm điều đó, hãy lấy nó từ một số thực phẩm bổ sung, nhưng lý tưởng là từ trái cây và rau quả, đúng không? Trái cây, rau củ, đậu, ngũ cốc. Ngũ cốc là một con dao hai lưỡi. Bởi vì chúng chứa nhiều calo. Bạn có những, bạn biết đấy, những loại ngũ cốc tinh chế, thực phẩm làm từ bột, và sau đó bạn có các loại ngũ cốc nguyên hạt. Nhưng thậm chí một số ngũ cốc nguyên hạt, có những thứ như bánh quy cá ngũ cốc nguyên hạt. Vì vậy, bạn biết đấy, có một khu vực hơi nguy hiểm cho những người đang cố gắng tiết kiệm trên đồ ăn vặt và calo mà họ tiêu thụ. Bạn vẫn có thể có một chế độ ăn ngũ cốc nguyên hạt mà chỉ chứa nhiều đồ rác. Đúng. Vì vậy, trái cây, rau củ, nhưng hãy lấy chất xơ của bạn. Chất xơ là rất quan trọng. Nhưng khi chúng ta nói về carbohydrate, hãy chia chúng một cách thô thiển thành carbohydrate tinh bột. Vì vậy, những thứ cơ bản sẽ tan chảy trong miệng bạn. Đó là cách tôi nghĩ về nó, đúng không? Một miếng khoai tây nấu chín, một miếng khoai lang nấu chín. Bạn biết đấy, nếu bạn, đúng, nếu bạn để một miếng mì nấu chín trong miệng đủ lâu, hoặc thậm chí là mì chưa nấu, nó sẽ tan ra. Hoặc bạn chỉ đơn giản là hít vào. Đúng. Hoặc, à, đừng làm điều đó. Hoặc, bạn biết đấy, một miếng bông cải xanh, mà, bạn biết đấy, phần lớn nó sẽ không tan trong miệng bạn. Bạn sẽ phải chờ vài tuần, bạn biết đấy, bởi vì có rất nhiều chất xơ ở đó.
    Dưới đây là bản dịch tiếng Việt của đoạn văn bạn đã cung cấp:
    Vậy, đây là cách phân biệt đơn giản giữa chất xơ và không phải chất xơ, bạn biết đấy. Vì vậy, carbohydrate có tinh bột và không có tinh bột. Tinh bột, trong một số khía cạnh, là một nguồn nhiên liệu tuyệt vời. Chúng cung cấp glycogen cho gan và cơ bắp của chúng ta. Chúng có thể cung cấp năng lượng cho những hoạt động như tập luyện sức đề kháng. Chúng có thể giúp chúng ta suy nghĩ. Tất cả những người theo chế độ ăn ketogenic đều nói rằng họ suy nghĩ tốt nhất khi nhịn ăn hoặc khi ăn ketogenic, nhưng não cần glucose. Bạn nghĩ gì về carbohydrate liên quan đến việc duy trì hoặc giảm mỡ cơ thể? Nghĩa là, carbohydrate có làm cho việc đó trở nên khó khăn hơn nếu mọi thứ khác đều tương đương không? Nghĩa là, bạn đang tập thể dục, bạn không vượt quá lượng calo hàng ngày của mình. Vậy, tinh bột có thật sự xấu không? Đó là một câu hỏi tuyệt vời. Tôi, tôi tôn trọng bằng chứng. Bạn biết đấy, và tất nhiên, bằng chứng là một thứ riêng biệt. Bạn có các nghiên cứu ở đây và sau đó bạn có những quan sát và câu chuyện cá nhân ở đây, đúng không? Thì, hãy nói chủ yếu về nghiên cứu. Và, ý tôi là, câu chuyện cá nhân thì tốt. Nhưng nó thường có xu hướng xoay quanh những gì mà mọi người thấy đã hoạt động tốt nhất cho họ. Và tôi rất vui lòng nói về điều đó. Tôi chắc bạn cũng vui lòng nói về điều đó. Nhưng tôi nghĩ điều tôi muốn nhấn mạnh trong podcast này và điều mà bạn làm rất đẹp là nói về, ví dụ, bộ nghiên cứu có kiểm soát tốt nhất nói gì? Khi được nhóm lại với nhau, trừ khi có một nghiên cứu nào đó nổi bật hơn các nghiên cứu khác vì nó được thực hiện rất tốt. Ý tôi là, tôi nghĩ thật khó để thực hiện những nghiên cứu chất lượng ở người. Vì vậy, chúng ta phải có điều đó là một caveat. Càng kiểm soát nhiều, điều kiện càng ít tự nhiên, đúng không? Điều kiện càng tự nhiên, thì càng khó để kiểm soát. Đây là lý do tại sao sẽ luôn có việc cho những người trong lĩnh vực dinh dưỡng và thể dục vì cuối cùng bạn đưa người vào một bệnh viện chuyển hóa. Đó là điều rất không tự nhiên. Bạn để họ tự do và chỉ bảo họ những gì họ đã ăn. Họ nói dối hoặc họ quên hoặc họ, và họ gian lận. Họ lén lút ăn một số viên kẹo starburst mà không nói cho bạn biết. Đó là cuộc sống, bạn biết đấy, ngay cả những khách hàng trả cho bạn rất nhiều tiền, bạn cũng không thể hoàn toàn tin tưởng vào những gì họ báo cáo cho bạn. Huống chi, một nhóm chủ thể trong một nghiên cứu. Vậy, ừm, vâng, vấn đề carbohydrate đó có tinh bột, cho dù đó là tinh bột, cho dù đó là đường, ý tôi là, cả hai đều như nhau. Vì vậy, cơ thể nghiên cứu về carbohydrate và giảm mỡ, bạn có thể rút ra như thế này. Miễn là giữa hai nhóm, bạn đã cân bằng tổng lượng calo và lượng protein giữa các nhóm. Thì giảm mỡ cơ thể vào cuối mỗi thử nghiệm được kiểm soát tốt về cơ bản cho thấy không có sự khác biệt đáng kể trong việc giảm mỡ giữa các nhóm. Vì vậy, protein là cái cân bằng lớn, đó là protein và tổng lượng calo. Bây giờ đây là, khúc rẽ nhỏ trong câu trả lời đó. Nếu bạn lấy một người đang theo chế độ ăn phương Tây tiêu chuẩn và bạn đặt họ vào chế độ ăn ketogenic, hoặc nếu bạn kiểm soát thí nghiệm với một loại chế độ ăn carbohydrate cao, chất béo thấp, kiểu chế độ ăn thường thấy so với một chế độ ăn ketogenic. Và bạn không cân bằng protein. Thì chế độ ăn ketogenic sẽ đánh bại chế độ ăn kiểm soát mọi lúc với việc giảm mỡ và giảm cân vì nó có nhiều protein hơn. Và trong một số trường hợp, bạn biết đấy, nếu bạn đi đến mức cực đoan như chế độ ăn thịt, thì bạn đang nhìn vào việc thu hẹp các lựa chọn của mình. Vì vậy, sự giảm thiểu trong sự đa dạng và khả năng cũng dẫn đến tổng lượng calo thấp hơn. Vì vậy, với chế độ ăn ketogenic, thường xuyên có một chế độ ăn ketogenic ad libitum mà bạn đặt các đối tượng vào. Được rồi. Có lẽ bạn nên giải thích từ ad libitum cho những người, uh, có ít kiến thức về tiếng Latinh hoặc chưa từng làm việc trong một phòng thí nghiệm. Vâng. Vâng. Vâng. Vâng. Được rồi. Cảm ơn vì điều đó. Um, vậy ad libitum có nghĩa là bạn không tính toán hoặc hạn chế một cách có ý thức. Bạn chỉ ăn theo ý muốn, theo ý muốn. Và vì vậy khi bạn giao cho ai đó một chế độ ăn ketogenic mà bạn nói, Này, tránh cái này, cái này và cái này, và thực phẩm carbohydrate, tránh carbohydrate. Và bạn có thể ăn bao nhiêu tùy thích với protein và chất béo. Đi, đi làm điều đó. Thì điều gì xảy ra khi bạn giao cho ai đó điều này là họ tự phát ăn trên phạm vi của các nghiên cứu, từ bốn cho đến 900 calo ít hơn mỗi ngày so với lượng họ thường ăn hoặc so với lượng ăn trong chế độ ăn kiểm soát. Đó chỉ là những gì xảy ra. Điều đó thú vị, đúng không? Bởi vì họ có thể ăn nhiều hơn nếu họ muốn. Họ không bị hạn chế. Vâng. Tôi nghĩ điều này nói lên rằng protein là rất no bụng và đặc biệt là sự kết hợp giữa protein và chất béo là rất no. Ý tôi là, nếu tôi đói trong một chuyến đi dài và chỉ có thể ăn một thứ, tôi giả định rằng tôi có nước, mà tôi muốn mang theo, tôi sẽ, tôi đang ở trên đường, tôi đang đi trên đường cao tốc số 5. Tôi không có thực phẩm với tôi. Tất cả mọi thứ đều đóng cửa. Đó là ngày Giáng sinh, nhưng có một cửa hàng burger in and out. Họ cũng có thể đóng cửa. Và tôi có thể lấy hai miếng thịt hamburger. Đó là sự lựa chọn của tôi, không phải khoai tây chiên. Dù sao thì, giá trị calo cho calo, tôi có thể, bạn biết đấy, có thể về cơ bản tôi cũng sẽ rơi vào cùng một chỗ hơn hay kém vì chỉ đơn giản có điều gì đó rất no bụng về protein. Vâng. Vậy thì, điều đó có lý rằng chế độ ăn keto có lý. Vấn đề mà tôi gặp phải với chế độ ăn keto là cho đến gần đây, thì thật khó để duy trì trong bối cảnh xã hội chung của cuộc sống. Ý tôi là, bạn không thể có một cái bánh quy, tôi không thích bánh quy, nhưng bạn không thể có một miếng bánh mì sourdough. Thật khó. Thật khó, đúng không? Chúng tôi yêu sourdough ở đây. Vâng, và mọi người thường gặp khó khăn với các ngày lễ, đúng không? Tôi nghĩ rằng chế độ keto rất khó cho mọi người trong những ngày lễ. Miễn là chúng ta trong danh mục thảo luận này, bạn nghĩ gì về viêm? Và đây là lý do tại sao tôi hỏi, và tôi hỏi theo cách này, tôi biết rất nhiều người đã vật lộn với cân nặng của họ trong một thời gian dài.
    Nhiều bạn nam, một số bạn nữ, khi họ áp dụng chế độ ăn bao gồm những thứ như thịt, cá, trứng, phô mai Parmesan như là loại sản phẩm từ sữa duy nhất, tức là phô mai cứng, trái cây và rau củ, dầu ô liu, bơ, cà phê, trà, thì tốt, nhưng không có nước ngọt hoặc bất kỳ thứ gì ngoại trừ nước ngọt ăn kiêng.
    Họ giảm được một lượng mỡ cơ thể đáng kể, có thể là một số nước nữa.
    Vì vậy, họ không ăn bất kỳ tinh bột nào, không có cơm, không có bột yến mạch, không có bánh mì, không có pizza, không có gì cả.
    Nhưng tất cả họ đều đã thành công, đây là những thông tin ngẫu nhiên, nhưng họ đã quản lý để giảm từ 25 đến 50 hoặc thậm chí 60 pound.
    Họ thường xuyên tập thể dục, đôi khi chỉ là cardio.
    Vì vậy, lượng cân nặng cơ thể giảm đáng kể, và họ giữ được nó.
    Và một số vấn đề sức khỏe của họ dường như tự giải quyết, có thể là nhờ vào việc giảm cân.
    Nhưng tôi thường tự hỏi liệu điều này, cái mà một số người gọi là chế độ ăn ít viêm, vì có rất ít thực phẩm chế biến và chế biến cao trong chế độ này, có những lợi ích bổ sung nào đó bắt đầu hợp tác với việc giảm mỡ hay không.
    Thật đáng kinh ngạc khi thấy họ trông khỏe mạnh hơn bao nhiêu, cảm thấy tốt hơn bao nhiêu, và họ có thể duy trì điều đó khá tốt.
    Bởi vì bạn có thể nói, bạn biết đấy, tôi sẽ không ăn bánh mì và bánh ngọt, nhưng, bạn biết đấy, tôi sẽ lấy hai phần gà tây và bắp cải Brussels.
    Và tôi, bạn biết đấy, thật kỳ diệu những gì có thể đạt được với những gì tôi vừa mô tả.
    Và tuy nhiên, tôi không biết tên cho chế độ ăn đó.
    Và nó không phải là cái mà tôi thường theo.
    Tôi ăn tinh bột.
    Nhưng bạn nghĩ sao về viêm và cách mà một số loại hồ sơ vi chất dinh dưỡng nhất định có thể là pro-inflammatory hoặc anti-inflammatory hoặc một cái gì đó mà mọi người hiếm khi nói đến, đó là viêm trung tính, kiểu như giữ bạn ở trạng thái viêm không quá cao cũng không quá thấp, mà chỉ là những biến động bình thường trong viêm.
    Câu hỏi dài, nhưng tôi cảm thấy như mình đã muốn hỏi điều này một thời gian và bạn là người để hỏi.
    Vì vậy, tôi sẽ suy đoán một chút.
    Tôi nghĩ rằng bất kỳ chế độ ăn nào giúp giảm mỡ đáng kể đều sẽ làm giảm lượng cytokine viêm tạm thời lưu thông và phát sinh từ mô mỡ.
    Và vì vậy, nếu bạn có thể làm giảm mỡ cơ thể, thì bạn có thể làm giảm viêm mức độ thấp mãn tính.
    Nếu mỡ cơ thể được giảm từ khắp nơi, không gian dưới da, đặc biệt là không gian nội tạng, thì bạn sẽ làm rất nhiều điều tốt cho sức khỏe lâu dài.
    Lý do tại sao chế độ ăn mà bạn mô tả lại hiệu quả như vậy là vì nó thiếu độ ngon quá mức.
    Và vì vậy, cách mà bạn tạo ra độ ngon quá mức, độ ngon quá mức cơ bản là xu hướng của một món ăn trở nên rất đậm đà, rất ngon và rất dễ để tiêu thụ một cách thụ động.
    Và vì vậy, công thức cho độ ngon quá mức cơ bản là tinh bột tinh chế, chất béo, trộn lại với nhau, thêm muối và/hoặc làm ngọt.
    Và đó là công thức cho thực phẩm dễ dàng, thụ động bị tiêu thụ quá mức.
    Và chế độ ăn mà bạn mô tả không có những thực phẩm siêu chế biến, rất tinh vi, sự kết hợp giữa chất béo và tinh bột tinh chế mà chúng ta thường bị thúc đẩy để hít vào.
    Và vì vậy, tôi nghĩ rằng quan điểm của tôi có thể hơi đơn giản hóa, nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng vấn đề viêm thực sự liên quan đến vấn đề mỡ thừa.
    Tôi rất biết ơn vì câu trả lời đó.
    Và một lần nữa, tôi đã thấy rất nhiều bạn bè giảm một lượng mỡ cơ thể đáng kể và kiên trì với chế độ ăn này.
    Đó cũng là chế độ mà nếu một người ăn một miếng bánh hoặc một miếng pizza, bạn thực sự không đi quá xa khỏi tổng thể của kế hoạch dinh dưỡng.
    Nó không giống như bạn đột nhiên ra khỏi chế độ keto hay một cái gì đó.
    Và họ không có xu hướng bị đổ vào những cuộc ăn uống thái quá và những thứ tương tự.
    Tôi sẽ nói rằng hầu hết những người này cũng đều bỏ rượu cùng lúc, điều này có thể có lợi ích riêng.
    Vâng, vâng.
    Chúng ta sẽ trở lại với rượu một chút sau.
    Và có một số chất dinh dưỡng có tác dụng chống viêm trực tiếp, như axit béo omega-3, có rất nhiều tài liệu về tác dụng chống viêm của chúng.
    Bạn có tự bổ sung những thứ đó không?
    Tôi có.
    Bạn uống dầu cá.
    Tôi có.
    Và tôi biết rằng có một số tranh cãi và một số bất đồng về ý tưởng bổ sung dầu cá.
    Bây giờ mọi người sợ về rung tâm nhĩ và những thứ như vậy.
    Nhưng tôi đã làm điều đó.
    Và nếu bạn nhìn vào tài liệu, đặc biệt là các thử nghiệm kiểm soát ngẫu nhiên, chủ yếu là những điều tốt, bạn ơi.
    Ý tôi là, bạn có thể tìm thấy những tài liệu tiêu cực về gần như bất kỳ điều gì bạn làm.
    Nhưng tổng thể, tôi vẫn cảm thấy thoải mái với việc bổ sung dầu cá vào thời điểm này, bất chấp các bằng chứng đang gia tăng rằng, ôi, nó có thể không có tác dụng gì hoặc, ôi, nó có thể có tác dụng phụ này nọ.
    Tôi nghĩ rằng đó là điều hiển nhiên nếu bạn không phải là người thường xuyên ăn cá béo trong suốt cả tuần.
    Vâng.
    Các nguồn cá béo chất lượng cao có xu hướng rất đắt và ngày càng khó tìm, và hãy thử nói về sự tranh cãi.
    Bạn sẽ bước vào cuộc tranh luận về việc các nguồn cá hồi khác nhau và nó trở nên rất rắc rối.
    Tôi chắc chắn có những nguồn tuyệt vời ở ngoài kia, nhưng đó là một cuộc thảo luận riêng.
    Tôi cũng đã uống dầu cá trong nhiều năm.
    Tôi dự định tiếp tục làm điều đó.
    Và, bạn biết đấy, tôi rất biết ơn khi nghe rằng bạn cũng làm như vậy vì bạn là chuyên gia.
    Chúng ta đều ở trên con tàu đó.
    Chúng ta là những kẻ nổi loạn.
    Vâng.
    Vì vậy, vâng, tác dụng chống viêm, nếu không có gì khác, dường như là một lý do hợp lý cho việc đó.
    Tôi muốn nói về đường.
    Tôi đã có những người trên podcast này, ngồi ở vị trí của bạn và cơ bản mô tả đường như nó không tệ bằng crack cocaine và meth, nhưng không quá xa khỏi điều đó, hơi quá lên.
    Và tôi đã có, um, những người có lập trường hòa hoãn hơn với đường, nhưng hãy cùng định nghĩa đường.
    Chắc chắn rồi.
    Um, chúng ta không nói về đường, khi tôi nói đường, tôi không nói về fructose trong trái cây vì trong trái cây có fructose, nhưng bạn còn có chất xơ và có hàm lượng nước cao, và một số trái cây, chắc chắn, một số trái cây có hàm lượng fructose cao hơn những trái cây khác, như xoài so với táo, chẳng hạn, hoặc những loại tương tự như vậy. Nhưng khi tôi đang nói về đường, tôi đang nói về việc nếu ai đó nhìn vào gói hoặc nhãn và thấy đường bổ sung, thì đường bổ sung xấu như thế nào? Bởi vì những thứ đó thực sự là những thứ có xu hướng rơi vào cái hòm của cái gọi là đường xấu trong tâm trí của nhiều người.
    Được rồi. Chúng làm loãng giá trị dinh dưỡng của chế độ ăn và góp phần vào sự ngon miệng quá mức. Nếu bạn đang nói về các loại đường ngoại lai được thêm vào chế độ ăn, thì thực sự chỉ có hai nguồn đường nội tại là trong trái cây và trong sữa. Mọi thứ khác bạn chủ yếu chỉ đang thêm vào, trừ khi như agave, nhưng đó là một thứ khá hiếm, một điều gì đó rất đặc biệt, nhưng đường bổ sung vào chế độ ăn nên được tiêu thụ một cách hợp lý. Khuyến nghị hiện hành là cố gắng giới hạn lượng đường bổ sung trong chế độ ăn xuống còn 10% tổng lượng calo. Vì vậy, nếu bạn là người thích cho siro cây phong vào bất cứ thứ gì bạn làm, hoặc là người thích cho mật ong vào bất cứ thứ gì bạn làm, thì bạn có thể muốn giới hạn điều đó lại, chẳng hạn như trong chế độ ăn 2000 calo điển hình. Bạn có thể muốn giới hạn nó tối đa là 40, 50 gram mỗi ngày. Nghe vẫn có vẻ cao. Đúng vậy. 40, 50 gram. Ai sẽ ăn nhiều đường như vậy? Nếu là tôi. Oh, thật chứ? Bạn thích đồ ngọt à? Không, không. Tôi thích mật ong và tôi, và tôi thích siro cây phong. Oh, thấy không, tôi có sở thích mặn. Tôi phải cố gắng để không ăn hết cả khối phô mai Parmesan. Tôi có cả hai, bạn ạ. Tôi luôn đùa rằng tôi có một cậu bé béo ở bên trong, nhưng thực tế là tôi đã từng thừa cân theo tiêu chuẩn BMI, như khoảng 10 năm trước. Bạn, giờ bạn bao nhiêu tuổi? 53. Tuyệt vời. Thật ra bạn có vẻ đang ở trong tình trạng sức khỏe rất tốt. Không có sự tăng cường hormone. Chúng ta đã làm rõ điều đó trước đó. Tôi đã hỏi, đây là điều mà đàn ông hỏi nhau ngày nay. Bạn có đang làm gì để tăng cường hormone không? Không. Vậy, Alan nói không, và tôi hoàn toàn tin anh ấy, nhưng vâng, bạn đang ở trong tình trạng sức khỏe tuyệt vời ở tuổi 53. Cảm ơn bạn. Và bạn có sở thích đồ ngọt và mặn. Đúng, bạn ạ. Làm thế nào bạn xử lý điều đó? Tôi có. Oh, được rồi. Đây là một câu hỏi hay. Bởi vì tôi có thể đưa ra một cái gì đó thực tế ở đây. Bột protein, bột protein làm thỏa mãn tuyệt vời sở thích đồ ngọt của tôi. Và, tôi thực sự không có đủ 50 gram đường bổ sung. Tôi có thể cho khoảng một muỗng canh siro cây phong vào cà phê của tôi trong ngày. Vâng. Vâng. Bạn ạ, bạn biết đó, những cái ấm pha mocha, có phải không? Gọi là ấm pha mocha. Um, nó giống như một món đồ vật. Vâng. Vâng. Đúng, đúng. Vâng. Đây là nơi bạn, nó có hình dạng như một cái đồng hồ cát, một chiếc cà phê. Đúng. Vâng. Đúng. Vâng. Tôi có cái đó. Và, những gì tôi đang cố gắng làm, tôi đang cố gắng sao chép cà phê Thái. Có phải là cà phê Thái không? Là gì vậy? Thực sự là cà phê Thái lạnh, cà phê rất ngon mà hoặc là cà phê Việt Nam. Vâng, tôi yêu thức ăn Việt Nam. Tôi không uống cà phê Việt Nam. Nó quá ngọt đối với tôi. Bạn ạ, tôi đang cố gắng làm một phiên bản của điều đó với ấm mocha. Và nếu tôi cho một muỗng canh siro cây phong vào đó, nó thật tuyệt vời. Tôi có cái đó với nửa và nửa. Nó thật sự ngon. Bạn có một sự kết hợp giữa đường béo cộng với caffeine. Bạn làm điều này vào buổi sáng trước khi tập luyện. Tôi đã làm điều đó. Tôi trải qua những giai đoạn này, nhưng tôi có điều đó. Vì vậy, mức đường bổ sung trong chế độ ăn của tôi là một muỗng canh siro cây phong. Vì vậy, bạn biết đấy, tôi đồng ý với bạn. 50 gram có thể, có thể cao hơn một chút. Nghe đi, tôi không ở đây để phán xét. Như tôi đã nói, nếu tôi có sở thích đồ ngọt, tôi có điều gì đó thú vị. Tôi từng có. Tôi đã mất nó trong khoảng một thập kỷ. Tôi từng rất thích kẹo gummy chua và kẹo gummy. Tôi thích kẹo gummy. Tôi thích hương vị trái cây và những thứ tương tự. Tôi đã mất nó bằng cách làm một cái gì đó có lẽ không có cơ sở khoa học. Nhưng, um, tôi đã nghe nhiều năm trước rằng nếu tôi lấy một muỗng cà phê L-glutamine và cho vào chất béo cao, trong nửa và nửa, trong kem cơ bản, và uống một ngụm điều đó hai lần một ngày, thì nó sẽ làm giảm cơn thèm đường của tôi. Và tôi đã làm điều đó và nó đã giúp tôi từ bỏ đường. Và sau đó tôi tăng lượng protein của mình. Vì vậy, có thể đã có bất kỳ sự kết hợp nào hay có thể chỉ đơn giản là hiệu ứng giả. Ý tôi là, tôi muốn thừa nhận điều đó. Um, mặc dù tôi đã khuyên điều này cho một số người tự nhận mình là những người nghiện đường. Được rồi. Và họ nói, vâng, nó giết cơn thèm đường, nhưng sau đó họ luôn thêm vào, nhưng tôi vẫn nhớ món của tôi, bạn biết đấy. Họ khao khát món ngọt. Tôi không còn khao khát nữa. Đây là nơi tôi đã từ bỏ những món ngọt. Tôi làm sinh tố protein và chúng chỉ được ngọt hóa nhân tạo. Vì vậy, nó làm thỏa mãn, um, cơn thèm món tráng miệng của bạn, nếu bạn muốn. Vâng, theo hướng của những chất tạo ngọt nhân tạo, um, tại sao, nếu bạn muốn điều gì đó ngọt, bạn không chỉ thay thế mật ong bằng stevia? Bởi vì nó không tạo ra cảm giác no giống như siro cây phong đối với bạn. Ôi, bạn ạ. Được rồi, siro cây phong sang một bên, um, bạn có được sự tiết kiệm calo, bạn biết đấy, nếu, nếu, nếu bột protein của bạn được ngọt hóa nhân tạo, hãy để nói là bằng stevia hoặc sucralose hoặc trái cây hòa thượng hoặc bất kỳ điều gì đang được sử dụng trong sản phẩm, um, bạn có được sự tiết kiệm calo và bạn cũng có sự tiết kiệm về đại lượng dinh dưỡng nếu bạn muốn.
    Và vì vậy, bột protein giống như, ý tôi là, theo ý kiến của tôi, chúng thực sự là một bước đột phá vì chúng đáp ứng các yêu cầu về protein hoặc chúng tăng cường đáng kể các yêu cầu protein và chúng như chăm sóc cho việc có thứ gì đó giống như trải nghiệm của một món tráng miệng. Ít nhất với tôi, tôi làm một số sinh tố trái cây rất ngon. Tôi sử dụng bột protein trái cây đông lạnh. À, đôi khi tôi làm một loại sinh tố kiểu mocha. Đôi khi tôi làm một loại milkshake trái cây nhiệt đới. Vâng. Nó giống như một milkshake, đúng không? Vâng. Vì vậy, bạn đã đề cập đến các chất tạo ngọt nhân tạo. Hãy để chúng ta xem xét kỹ hơn vấn đề đó. Chắc chắn. Tôi đã thấy một số tài liệu chỉ ra khả năng rằng chúng có thể được gọi là xấu cho vi khuẩn đường ruột. Đó là dữ liệu từ động vật. Có một số dữ liệu trên con người, nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng ngày nay việc nói đến các chất tạo ngọt nhân tạo thì quá rộng. Như chúng ta nói trong khoa học, có những người thích tập hợp và có những người thích chia nhỏ. Và tôi nghĩ chúng ta cần phân chia vấn đề này vì có các loại tạo ngọt ít calo như stevia, đúng không? À, mà không phải là nhân tạo. Nó thực sự có nguồn gốc từ thực vật. Và sau đó có các chất tạo ngọt nhân tạo như aspartame, sucralose, saccharin. Theo hiểu biết của tôi, sucralose và saccharin có một số tính chất xấu nếu tiêu thụ quá mức. Vậy vấn đề là gì với các chất tạo ngọt nhân tạo? Chúng ta đang nói về aspartame, sucralose, saccharin. Hãy tập trung vào những điều đó. Chắc chắn. Và hãy để qua bên những thứ như trái cây hòa thượng, stevia, v.v. trong thời gian này. Được rồi. Bạn có thể đơn giản hóa nó bằng cách nói rằng trong tất cả các chất tạo ngọt mà chúng ta nghiên cứu, dù là loại tự nhiên hay loại nhân tạo, thì saccharin đang cho thấy nhiều tiềm năng gây hại. Ví dụ, những tác động tiêu cực đến vi khuẩn đường ruột đã dẫn đến việc suy giảm khả năng dung nạp glucose ở con người trong một khoảng thời gian ngắn. Tất nhiên, liều lượng là điều tranh cãi mà chúng đang cho những con người này, nhưng dù sao đi nữa, saccharin đã thể hiện những tác động này với cả việc tăng cân khi so sánh saccharin, sucralose, và tôi tin rằng có thể là một trong những chất khác, aspartame. Nhóm saccharin, rõ ràng có thể hồi phục cảm giác thèm ăn, thực sự đã tăng cân. Và vì vậy có điều gì đó về saccharin không tốt khi xét đến các loại tạo ngọt ít calo. Nhưng thật may mắn, saccharin gần như đã biến mất khỏi thị trường. Thật khó tìm saccharin trừ khi bạn đến một quán ăn kiểu Denny’s hoặc một nơi nào đó kiểu quán ăn nhanh và bạn nhận được những gói nhỏ màu hồng đó. Vì vậy, bây giờ chúng ta có dải các chất tạo ngọt ít calo khác để lựa chọn, và có một chút bí ẩn về việc loại nào trong số này có thể mang lại lợi ích sức khỏe và chỉ số cơ thể tốt nhất. Nhưng tất cả chúng đều ở cùng một thuyền. Bạn có thể tìm thấy một loạt các thông tin tốt về stevia, như những điều không tốt về các chất tạo ngọt nhân tạo. Bạn có thể tìm thấy một loạt các thông tin tiềm năng không tốt về aspartame. Bạn có thể tìm thấy một loạt các thông tin tiềm năng không tốt về sucralose. Stevia thì có lẽ khó hơn một chút. Có thể thậm chí có một vài lợi ích từ stevia, đúng không? Vâng. Vâng. Cũng có lợi ích. Cải thiện khả năng dung nạp glucose và những điều tương tự. Vì vậy, tôi không sợ stevia. Tôi luôn gọi nó là stevia, nhưng bây giờ lại là stevia. Đó là tôi. Stevia là một điều của tôi. Được rồi. Vì vậy, tôi sẽ gọi nó là stevia. Tôi sẽ gọi nó là stevia trong cuộc trò chuyện này. Cảm ơn bạn. Vì vậy, cà chua, cà chua. Tôi nghe nói nó có thể tốt cho chúng ta. Không có bằng chứng tốt rằng nó xấu cho chúng ta. Vì vậy, nếu bạn không ngại về hương vị, và tôi thích hương vị đó, stevia có vẻ là một thứ hoàn toàn tốt để đưa vào chế độ ăn uống của mình. Vâng, tôi có xu hướng thích tất cả các loại chất tạo ngọt nhân tạo, thật lòng mà nói. Ngay cả aspartame, bạn biết đấy, lượng lớn mà bạn sẽ phải tiêu thụ những thứ này, ngay cả giả định rằng có thể gây ra những kết quả sức khỏe tiêu cực là một lượng cực kỳ vô lý. Có lẽ, bạn biết đấy, ra ngoài hít thở không khí ở LA có thể nguy hiểm hơn, bạn biết đấy, hơn là tiêu thụ một chút, bạn biết đấy, aspartame hoặc sucralose hàng ngày ở mức một hoặc hai chai. Tôi không nghĩ điều đó có thể ảnh hưởng đến mọi người trong suốt cuộc đời. Cảm ơn bạn về sự làm rõ đó. Rất khó để nghiên cứu. Không giống như bạn có thể tìm ra một cách chắc chắn. Đúng vậy. Mặc dù đọc tài liệu của tôi về những người uống soda có đường nhân tạo hoặc soda có đường stevia như một cách để hỗ trợ nỗ lực tiêu thụ ít hơn số lượng calo cần thiết mỗi ngày để giảm cân, đặc biệt là giảm mỡ, là rằng soda có diet thực sự có thể là một sự hỗ trợ tốt cho mọi người. Vâng. Bạn biết đấy, và tôi đã tự mâu thuẫn về tài liệu này vì tôi đã nghĩ, không, nước sẽ tốt hơn, nhưng họ đã so sánh nước, hai lít mỗi ngày hoặc một lít hoặc hơn mỗi ngày soda có diet. Và dường như đó là một công cụ giảm cân khá tốt cho những người sẽ otherwise uống soda hoặc sẽ otherwise uống chỉ nước, điều đó thực sự làm tôi ngạc nhiên. Tôi rất muốn nói rằng nước là tốt nhất, nhưng đối với việc giảm cân, có lẽ soda có diet thực sự mang lại vai trò quan trọng cho mọi người. Vâng. Đó là một phát hiện thú vị. Tôi nghĩ rằng hầu hết, nếu không muốn nói là tất cả, các thử nghiệm can thiệp được kiểm soát đều cho thấy tác động tích cực của các đồ uống có chứa đường nhân tạo hoặc đường ít calo đối với việc giảm cân và tất cả các hệ quả chuyển hóa xảy ra với việc giảm cân và tất cả đều tích cực. Có một số tài liệu quan sát gây ra một số nghi ngờ về việc soda có diet có phải là một điều tốt hay không, nhưng sau đó chúng ta gặp vấn đề về, trong ngoặc kép, nguyên nhân ngược, nơi những người có sức khỏe kém đang tìm kiếm những soda có diet này thay vì soda có diet gây ra sức khỏe kém. Nhưng nhìn chung, đồ uống có đường nhân tạo có xu hướng mang lại lợi ích tích cực cho sức khỏe. Nhưng tôi biết rằng nhiều người có rất nhiều vấn đề với điều đó, vì, bạn biết đấy, mọi người có một loại bản năng hippie tự nhiên bên trong họ mà sẽ muốn chỉ kêu gọi nước, nước, nước.
    Xin chào, và bạn biết không?
    Tôi nghĩ rằng việc luyện tập uống nước lọc là một ý tưởng hay, để bạn biết đấy, để có trải nghiệm về việc đó là điều tích cực.
    Và tôi khuyến khích điều đó, nhưng việc lên án các loại đồ uống có đường nhân tạo thì chắc chắn không căn cứ vào, đặc biệt là trong tài liệu can thiệp có kiểm soát.
    Tôi muốn tạm dừng một chút và ghi nhận một trong những nhà tài trợ của chúng tôi, Function.
    Năm ngoái, tôi đã trở thành thành viên của Function sau khi tìm kiếm cách tiếp cận toàn diện nhất đối với việc xét nghiệm trong phòng lab.
    Function cung cấp hơn 100 xét nghiệm lab tiên tiến, giúp bạn có cái nhìn tổng quan về toàn bộ sức khỏe cơ thể của mình.
    Cái nhìn tổng quan này cung cấp cho bạn thông tin về sức khỏe tim mạch, sức khỏe hormone, chức năng miễn dịch, mức độ dinh dưỡng và nhiều hơn nữa.
    Họ cũng mới thêm các xét nghiệm cho các độc tố như lượng BPA từ nhựa có hại và các xét nghiệm cho PFAS hoặc các hóa chất vĩnh cữu.
    Function không chỉ cung cấp xét nghiệm cho hơn 100 dấu hiệu sinh học quan trọng đối với sức khỏe thể chất và tinh thần của bạn, mà còn phân tích các kết quả này và cung cấp thông tin từ các bác sĩ hàng đầu có chuyên môn trong các lĩnh vực liên quan.
    Ví dụ, trong một trong những xét nghiệm đầu tiên của tôi với Function, tôi đã phát hiện ra rằng mình có nồng độ thủy ngân cao trong máu.
    Function không chỉ giúp tôi phát hiện điều đó mà còn cung cấp thông tin về cách tốt nhất để giảm mức thủy ngân, bao gồm việc hạn chế tiêu thụ cá ngừ.
    Tôi đã ăn rất nhiều cá ngừ trong khi cũng nỗ lực ăn nhiều rau xanh và bổ sung với NAC và acetylcysteine, hai loại này có thể hỗ trợ sản xuất glutathione và giải độc.
    Và tôi phải nói rằng, nhờ vào việc thực hiện xét nghiệm Function thứ hai, cách tiếp cận đó đã có hiệu quả.
    Việc xét nghiệm máu toàn diện là vô cùng quan trọng.
    Có rất nhiều vấn đề liên quan đến sức khỏe tinh thần và thể chất của bạn chỉ có thể được phát hiện qua xét nghiệm máu.
    Vấn đề là xét nghiệm máu luôn rất tốn kém và phức tạp.
    Ngược lại, tôi đã rất ấn tượng với sự đơn giản và mức chi phí của Function.
    Nó rất hợp lý.
    Do đó, tôi đã quyết định tham gia hội đồng tư vấn khoa học của họ, và tôi rất vui vì họ tài trợ cho podcast.
    Nếu bạn muốn thử Function, bạn có thể truy cập vào functionhealth.com slash Huberman.
    Function hiện đang có danh sách chờ với hơn 250.000 người, nhưng họ đang cung cấp quyền truy cập sớm cho người nghe podcast Huberman.
    Một lần nữa, đó là functionhealth.com slash Huberman để có quyền truy cập sớm vào Function.
    Có bằng chứng nào cho thấy cà phê hoặc các đồ uống có cafein khác có hiệu ứng nhiệt giúp bạn đốt cháy nhiều mỡ hơn không?
    Nếu tôi uống – tôi là một người yêu thích Yerba Mate, nên nếu tôi uống Yerba Mate lạnh hoặc Yerba Mate nóng trước khi tập luyện, hãy quên đi việc nhịn ăn.
    Tôi tình cờ làm điều đó khi nhịn ăn và rồi tập luyện.
    Liệu tôi có đốt cháy – huy động nhiều mỡ cơ thể hơn khi tiêu thụ một chất kích thích như cafein trước khi tập luyện không?
    Có, và đúng vậy, đó là một phát hiện khá nhất quán.
    Vấn đề là liệu lượng chất kích thích đó có ý nghĩa đủ lớn để có thể kéo dài theo thời gian, cho phép chúng ta nói rằng,
    này, chúng ta có thể sử dụng cà phê và/hoặc cafein như một tác nhân để tăng cường giảm mỡ.
    Tôi không chắc chúng ta đã đến đó chưa, nhưng tài liệu hiện có cho thấy một hiệu ứng khiêm tốn, một lợi thế khiêm tốn đối với việc giảm mỡ với các đồ uống có cafein như trà và cà phê.
    Tuyệt.
    Tôi không nghĩ điều đó được bàn luận nhiều gần đây.
    Điều đó đã được thảo luận nhiều hơn vào những năm 90, nhưng tôi nghĩ đó là điều tuyệt vời để mọi người nghe, vì 90% người lớn trên toàn cầu tiêu thụ cafein hàng ngày.
    Đó là loại thuốc được sử dụng rộng rãi nhất trên thế giới.
    Thật đấy, tôi vừa xem một bài tổng quan lớn về cà phê và các tác động sức khỏe.
    Kết quả là tích cực.
    Tôi rất vui khi thấy điều đó.
    Trên những loại chỉ số nào?
    Một loạt các kết quả lâm sàng.
    Sức khỏe tim mạch, những tác động khác nhau đến các chỉ số trung gian, ngay cả tỷ lệ tử vong.
    Vì vậy, gần như mọi thứ mà chúng ta có thể nghĩ đến mà hầu hết mọi người quan tâm, cà phê đều có tác động trung tính hoặc tích cực đến nó,
    nhưng ngưỡng lợi ích dường như cắt đứt ở mức ba đến bốn tách mỗi ngày.
    Vì vậy, nhiều hơn vậy, hoặc bạn biết đấy, sau ngưỡng đó, thì chúng ta đang nhìn vào những tác hại tiềm tàng.
    Tôi nghĩ điều duy nhất là nhắc nhở mọi người không tiêu thụ cafein quá gần giờ đi ngủ, vì ngay cả khi bạn có thể ngủ gật, thì nó sẽ làm rối loạn cấu trúc giấc ngủ của bạn.
    Nhưng tôi chắc rằng rất nhiều người sẽ cảm thấy nhẹ nhõm, thậm chí vui mừng khi nghe rằng cà phê và các hình thức khác của cafein có lợi cho sức khỏe, có thể thậm chí còn có lợi cho tuổi thọ.
    Cà phê và trà, đúng rồi.
    Điều đó là chắc chắn.
    Còn về việc có tranh cãi hay không, và nó vẫn được tranh luận rằng rượu có tốt hay xấu cho tuổi thọ.
    Tuần trước, một nghiên cứu khác nói rằng rượu sâm panh tốt cho tuổi thọ.
    Tôi nghĩ là như vậy.
    Nhưng rất nhiều nghiên cứu gần đây cho thấy rằng rượu làm tăng nguy cơ ung thư đến mức chính phủ liên bang hiện đang bàn về việc đưa điều này vào nhãn của bất kỳ loại đồ uống nào có chứa cồn.
    Tôi có vấn đề với điều đó.
    Ừ, về việc đưa điều đó vào nhãn?
    Ừ.
    Ừ, xin vui lòng chia sẻ.
    Vì vậy, chúng ta không thể gộp các loại đồ uống có cồn vào một nhóm duy nhất.
    Tài liệu về rượu vang đỏ cụ thể, người ạ, bạn sẽ rất khó để tìm thấy tác hại gây ung thư từ rượu vang đỏ, cả về dịch tễ học lẫn can thiệp,
    và thậm chí ở cấp độ cơ chế trong các nghiên cứu ống nghiệm, như sự hình thành khối u, bất cứ điều gì tương tự.
    Nó thực sự có tác dụng chống ung thư.
    Và, bạn biết đấy, ngay cả mối đe dọa làm teo não do tiêu thụ rượu, người tiêu thụ rượu vang đỏ thực sự trong ít nhất một thử nghiệm có kiểm soát đã cho thấy sự cải thiện trong các bài kiểm tra tâm lý thần kinh.
    Và vì vậy tôi không nghĩ chúng ta có thể nói rượu là một nhóm chung.
    Chúng ta phải xem xét từng loại đồ uống cá nhân vì chắc chắn có sự khác biệt giữa rượu vang đỏ và các loại đồ uống có cồn khác.
    Nhưng mọi người đã nghiên cứu rất nhiều về rượu vang đỏ, và gần như không có gì ngoài những điều tốt đẹp đến từ tài liệu về rượu vang đỏ.
    Ai biết nó có thể bị thiên lệch thương mại hoặc các lý do khác như thế nào.
    Nhưng đó là một chuyện khác.
    Tôi không thích bỏ qua các nghiên cứu dựa trên nguồn tài trợ, nhưng tài liệu về rượu vang đỏ hầu như tất cả đều tích cực.
    Tôi cảm thấy mình cần phải nhấn mạnh một chút về điều này. Tôi nghĩ rằng nếu giả định mọi điều về các nghiên cứu đó đều vẫn nguyên vẹn và không bị thiên lệch, và vân vân, thì tôi thực sự nghĩ rằng khi mọi người tiêu thụ rượu và suy nghĩ về những tác động lâu dài tiềm năng của rượu vang đỏ, có một số câu hỏi nảy ra trong đầu.
    Trước hết, sự đánh đổi về calo là gì? Bạn biết đấy, nếu bạn uống một ly rượu vang, bạn đang tiêu thụ calo, có thể không phải là vấn đề. Có thể điều đó chiếm chỗ cho các chất dinh dưỡng chất lượng có thể đến từ các nguồn khác.
    Tôi có một lý thuyết, mà theo tôi, những tranh cãi xung quanh rượu, quanh các tài liệu về rượu và tuổi thọ, có thể đơn giản chỉ là vấn đề rối loạn giấc ngủ. Ví dụ, những người uống rượu có nhiều viêm nhiễm hơn, nhưng trong những nghiên cứu cụ thể đó, có thể, tôi đang suy liệu ở đây, họ uống trong bữa tối, và chúng ta biết rằng điều đó làm rối loạn cấu trúc giấc ngủ, giảm giấc ngủ REM, giấc ngủ sâu. Tôi có nghĩa là, điều này đã được chứng minh nhiều lần, và kéo dài theo thời gian, đặc biệt là trong bối cảnh lối sống căng thẳng cao, có thể dẫn đến nhiều viêm nhiễm hệ thống hơn và các kết quả sức khỏe kém hơn.
    Ở một nền văn hóa khác, có thể là ở Sardinia hoặc một nơi nào đó, hay trong một trong những vùng được gọi là “vùng xanh,” mọi người có thể ăn uống và sống lâu hơn trong khi có ít viêm nhiễm hơn, bởi vì bạn biết đấy, họ có thể uống gần giờ đi ngủ, nhưng họ có một cách vào ngày mới êm ả, ít căng thẳng hơn, do đó việc rối loạn giấc ngủ có thể không phải là vấn đề. Có một giấc ngủ trưa vào buổi chiều trong nhiều nền văn hóa đó.
    Vì vậy, khi tôi nhìn vào giấc ngủ như một nền tảng cho sức khỏe tâm thần và sức khỏe thể chất, điều này rõ ràng là ít nhất nó là một trong những lớp của nền tảng, tôi tự hỏi liệu các nghiên cứu về rượu có thể được đánh giá chỉ dựa trên các chỉ số đang được đưa ra hay không. Và nếu chúng ta bắt đầu nghĩ về bối cảnh mà việc tiêu thụ rượu đang xảy ra, bối cảnh xã hội, giờ ngủ, căng thẳng và lối sống, di truyền có thiên hướng với ung thư, loại thực phẩm chế biến cao, bạn biết đấy, và cứ tiếp tục như thế, tôi tự hỏi liệu một số điều này có thể bị ảnh hưởng bởi sự ồn ào, như chúng ta nói hay không.
    Tôi cần phải làm rõ, tôi đồng ý với tất cả điều đó, và đây là vấn đề, như các phát biểu của tôi về rượu chủ yếu liên quan đến rượu vang đỏ và ung thư. Vì vậy, nếu chúng ta nhìn vào một lượng uống được coi là vừa phải, từ một đến hai ly mỗi ngày đối với những người nhỏ bé, và sau đó là từ hai đến ba ly mỗi ngày đối với những người lớn hơn, đó là một kiểu mô hình điều độ cho hai nhóm đó.
    Dù sao đi nữa, rượu vang đỏ hay không hay cái gì khác, có một mức độ vô tư mà xảy ra khi uống, có thể khiến bạn nói, “À, kệ đi,” và có thể khiến bạn tiêu hết cả đĩa mì, chẳng hạn. Và vì vậy có khía cạnh vô tư đó, và cũng có khía cạnh calo vốn có mà tôi không biết nhiều người đàn ông mà tôi muốn trở thành, nhìn về tỷ lệ cơ thể của họ, là những người uống rượu thường xuyên. Hầu hết trong số họ gần như không uống.
    Được rồi, đó là khía cạnh quan sát của vấn đề. Và sau đó có khía cạnh nghiện, nơi bạn đọc статистику về tỷ lệ phần trăm của dân số chung có một mức độ rối loạn sử dụng rượu nào đó.
    Đó là một tỷ lệ đáng kinh ngạc, 10%. Vì vậy, trong một căn phòng có 10 người, có khả năng một trong số họ sẽ có rối loạn sử dụng rượu. Điều đó thật khủng khiếp. Vâng, đây là loại nghiện dễ giấu kín nhất vì, bạn biết đấy, rượu rất dễ dàng có được. Nó ở khắp nơi, và con người không- Nó được tô vẽ một cách hào nhoáng. Đây là một trong những-
    Việc tiêu thụ rượu, ít nhất cho đến gần đây, mọi thứ đang thay đổi, là- Đó là một loại thuốc, vì rượu là một loại thuốc. Rồi lại nữa, caffeine cũng là một loại thuốc. Đó là loại thuốc mà nếu bạn không tiêu thụ khi trưởng thành, mọi người thường- Bạn có bị xấu hổ không? Họ bị nản chí bởi điều đó, đúng không? Họ như, “Này, có gì sai với bạn vậy?” Hoặc như, “Tôi nghĩ đàn ông thực sự thì uống rượu” hoặc đại loại như vậy.
    Vì vậy, tôi đã từ bỏ uống rượu từ lâu, và tôi không bị rối loạn sử dụng rượu, nhưng tôi không thích nó vì tôi không ngủ ngon, và tôi thích tập luyện vào buổi sáng. Vì vậy, khi mọi người nói, “Bạn không uống rượu, có gì sai với bạn?” Tôi đã nói, “Không, tôi tập luyện vào buổi sáng trong khi bạn đang ngủ, và rồi hãy kiểm tra lại.”
    Tôi đã từng có phần- Trong những năm 30 của mình, tôi khá kiêu ngạo. Vì vậy, trong các cuộc họp, bạn biết đấy, tôi đã nói, họ sẽ hỏi, “Ôi, bạn về nhà lúc 9 giờ tối vào đêm đầu tiên.” Tôi đã trả lời, “Vâng, nhưng hãy kiểm tra vào thứ Tư của cuộc họp kéo dài năm ngày này. Hãy xem bạn kiên trì như thế nào so với tôi.”
    Và vì vậy, tôi luôn quan tâm đến quỹ đạo dài của sự việc, cách mà tôi có thể duy trì hiệu suất 8 hoặc 9 trên 10, thậm chí có thể 10 trên 10, ngày này qua ngày khác. Không nhất thiết là một tư duy khỏe mạnh, nhưng đây là những gì xảy ra nếu bạn có tư duy của tôi, và tôi nghĩ đây là điển hình của nhiều người. Vì vậy, đối với tôi, việc uống rượu là trở ngại cho hiệu suất sống.
    Tôi nghĩ rằng đối với nhiều người, rượu là cách mà họ hòa nhập với những người xung quanh, và tôi tôn trọng thực tế rằng điều đó tồn tại, rằng thật khó để trở thành người khác biệt. Điều này có thể khiến cho họ cảm thấy bị cô lập xã hội, và sự kết nối xã hội là quan trọng. Đây là những gì tôi phát hiện ra khi bỏ rượu, một vài điều thú vị.
    Số một, tôi đã bị xấu hổ. Tôi đã ở Cộng hòa Dominica tại bàn ăn, và tôi thích pina colada, pina colada không có rượu. Vì vậy, tôi đã gọi một ly pina colada không có rượu, và người phục vụ đã cười phá lên, và chế giễu tôi vì đã gọi một loại đồ uống không có rượu. Vậy là tôi thực sự đã bị xấu hổ khi gọi một ly pina colada không có rượu.
    Nhưng một trong những lý do mà tôi sợ bỏ rượu là vì tôi nghĩ rằng các sự kiện sẽ mất đi sự thú vị. Tôi cảm thấy như tôi sẽ mất khả năng để, bạn biết đấy, trở nên xã hội và vui vẻ và có cùng mức độ, bạn biết đấy, đó là một điều kỳ lạ. Bạn không biết cho đến khi bạn ngừng uống rượu rằng mọi thứ cũng vui như cũ.
    Bạn rõ ràng là rất tỉnh táo, và bạn tiếp thu nhiều hơn, và bạn có thể cảm nhận tất cả mọi thứ từng khoảnh khắc, và không có khoảng thời gian nào bị bỏ rơi.
    Điều thú vị và tích cực về việc ngừng uống rượu đối với tôi, và tôi đã không uống một giọt nào trong gần bảy năm nay, cho đến tháng Tám tới, là nó đã dạy tôi cách ngồi trong cảm xúc của mình và đối phó với căng thẳng cũng như tìm ra giải pháp.
    Trước đó, ôi, tôi biết giải pháp, chỉ cần dán miếng băng keo rượu lên nó. Nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng điều đó làm suy yếu khả năng xây dựng nhân cách.
    Nó làm suy yếu khả năng giải quyết vấn đề. Nó làm suy yếu khả năng đối phó, và tôi nghĩ những điều đó rất quan trọng cho việc cơ bản là trở thành một người lớn.
    Và vì vậy đó là những lợi ích ẩn giấu mà tôi trải nghiệm từ việc từ bỏ rượu bên cạnh việc có những buổi tập tốt hơn, thời gian phục hồi tập luyện tốt hơn, tiêu thụ ít hơn một ngàn calo mỗi ngày, hoặc gần một ngàn calo ít hơn mỗi ngày, sự cải thiện về thành phần cơ thể, chỉ cần sức khỏe tâm thần, tất cả các khía cạnh của cuộc sống đều tăng lên và cải thiện sau khi tôi ngừng uống rượu.
    Nhưng thấy đó, tôi là một trong mười người mắc phải thói quen uống rượu, và tôi là kiểu người, nếu tôi thích điều gì, tôi sẽ dùng nó mỗi ngày.
    Giống như, tôi có thể sẽ uống cà phê hoặc ăn trứng mỗi ngày cho phần còn lại của cuộc đời mình.
    Điều tương tự đã xảy ra với rượu. Nhưng vấn đề với rượu là bạn phải cố gắng duy trì cảm giác vui vẻ, điều này gia tăng theo thời gian do khả năng chịu đựng, như bạn đã biết.
    Vì vậy, đó là vấn đề, bạn biết đấy, với tôi và rượu.
    Và vì vậy, cám ơn bạn đã chia sẻ điều đó. Lại nữa, chúng ta không ở đây để ép buộc ai.
    Nhưng tôi nghĩ có nhiều. Và tôi nghĩ rằng nhiều người có thể sử dụng rượu ở mức độ vừa phải.
    Tôi chỉ là một trong số những người mà việc từ bỏ là một quyết định tốt hơn.
    Tuyệt vời. Cảm ơn bạn đã chia sẻ điều đó rất nhiều.
    Vậy hãy cùng nói về dầu hạt, cuộc tranh luận về dầu hạt đáng sợ. Chúng ta có nên sợ chúng hay không?
    Giả sử ai đó sẽ duy trì lượng calo như họ không thêm dầu hạt như một nguồn calo bổ sung ngoài lượng họ thường ăn vào.
    Nhưng giả sử họ có sự lựa chọn. Họ có thể tiêu thụ một loại dầu hạt như dầu cải hoặc dầu đậu nành, hoặc họ có thể tiêu thụ dầu ô-liu thay cho nó.
    Hãy so sánh xem loại nào tốt hơn, nếu có. Và có gì đó vốn có xấu với dầu hạt không?
    Và tôi muốn chắc chắn rằng chúng ta nói về quá trình chế biến, vì mọi người sẽ nói, à, dầu hạt không xấu nếu chúng đến từ một nguồn chất lượng. Nhưng hầu hết các loại dầu hạt đều trải qua quy trình tinh chế với áp suất cao, nhiệt độ cao. Và đó là vấn đề.
    Vậy vấn đề với dầu hạt là gì?
    Được rồi.
    Bức tranh lớn là mọi người quá mức lên án dầu hạt. Một bên lên án dầu hạt, giống như bên kia cũng lên án, hãy nói về các chất béo động vật tiêu chuẩn như mỡ bò, bơ, mỡ lợn.
    Nhưng khi bạn so sánh hai thứ đó, như dầu hạt so với bơ, mỡ bò, mỡ lợn, khi bạn so sánh bằng chứng của hai thứ này, bạn có thể tìm thấy nhiều bằng chứng về các vấn đề sức khỏe xấu từ chất béo động vật so với dầu hạt.
    Và đó là thực tế.
    Thật kỳ lạ khi dầu hạt đang bị lên án ngay bây giờ vì đó không phải là đồng thuận khoa học.
    Những người có mũi ở trong tài liệu đang cảm thấy khó hiểu trước toàn bộ nỗi sợ hãi về dầu hạt.
    Và có một số người nằm ngoài lề chỉ chiếu sâu vào triết lý và ý thức hệ của họ về dầu hạt.
    Nhưng sau đó bạn chỉ cần đặt ra một loạt câu hỏi ngắn.
    Được rồi.
    Và bạn đã chỉ ra các loại dầu hạt trong câu hỏi, điều này thật tuyệt. Tôi có nghĩa là, bạn đã đi trước như mọi người khác.
    Vậy chúng ta đang nói về loại dầu hạt nào?
    Chúng ta đang nói về liều lượng nào?
    Và bạn lo ngại về kết quả sức khỏe nào?
    Và sau đó nghiên cứu nào bạn thấy là thuyết phục nhất hỗ trợ nỗi sợ của bạn về dầu hạt?
    Và vì vậy, mọi người, như chín trên mười người, sẽ ngay lập tức nói, ah, được rồi, bạn muốn biết loại dầu hạt nào?
    Dầu cải.
    Tốt, tuyệt vời. Hãy xem xét tài liệu về dầu cải.
    Và một trong những điều khó nhất là tìm ra những bằng chứng tiêu cực về dầu cải giữa tất cả những ảnh hưởng tích cực trong hầu hết tất cả các nghiên cứu về dầu cải.
    Thậm chí có một phân tích tổng hợp so sánh trực tiếp tác động của dầu cải so với dầu ô-liu về hồ sơ lipid trong máu.
    Và có thể, bạn biết đấy, không có gì ngạc nhiên đối với một số người, nhưng bất ngờ với hầu hết, dầu cải đạt hiệu quả hơn dầu ô-liu trong việc cải thiện lipid trong máu theo nghĩa giảm LDL cholesterol.
    Điều đó khiến tôi ngạc nhiên vì tôi đã nghĩ rằng dầu ô-liu không thể sai sai.
    Bạn biết không? Tôi cũng thấy điều đó bất ngờ.
    Tôi đã hoàn toàn ổn thỏa nếu thấy rằng không có sự khác biệt nào, một trong những kết quả không như mong đợi này.
    Nhưng khi bạn xem xét thành phần của dầu cải, nó có một tỷ lệ axit béo omega-3 vô cùng cao so với dầu ô-liu và so với các loại dầu hạt khác.
    Omega-3?
    Tôi nghĩ nó cao omega-6.
    Nó có chứa omega-6 và đó là axit béo chủ yếu trong dầu cải, nhưng nó cũng có hàm lượng omega-3 cao.
    Nó có một tỷ lệ omega-3 cao.
    Tôi không biết tỷ lệ chính xác của omega-3, nhưng điều làm cho dầu cải đặc biệt về mặt dầu thực vật là hàm lượng omega-3 cao của nó.
    Wow.
    Điều đó sẽ khiến nhiều người bất ngờ, bao gồm cả tôi.
    Cảm giác của tôi là bất kỳ tác động tiêu cực nào đến từ dầu hạt là do những thứ mà dầu hạt tiếp xúc.
    Đúng vậy?
    Đây là một phần của cái cũ, nếu bạn đủ tuổi như tôi để nhớ, tôi 49, sẽ 50 vào tháng Chín, vì vậy tôi không hoàn toàn 53.
    Nhưng chúng ta thuộc cùng một thế hệ và chúng ta đã-
    Chúng ta lớn lên mà không có internet.
    Đúng rồi.
    Chà, đã có một discussion về cần sa, chẳng hạn.
    Chúng tôi đã thực hiện một số tập về nó.
    Chúng tôi không mô tả nó là tốt hay xấu, mặc dù tôi tin rằng thanh niên, đặc biệt là nam giới trẻ tuổi, khi hút cần sa có hàm lượng THC cao có thể có nguy cơ tâm thần.
    Tôi có ý nói là có rất nhiều tranh luận xoay quanh vấn đề này, nhưng trước đây, người ta cho rằng nếu bạn sử dụng cần sa, thì sớm muộn gì bạn cũng sẽ sử dụng cocaine dạng crack. Đó cũng giống như là lập luận, đúng không? Theo thời gian, mọi người nhận ra rằng cần sa có những lợi ích tiềm năng và cũng có những rủi ro tiềm năng riêng, đúng không? Tùy thuộc vào một số yếu tố. Có vẻ như những người tiêu thụ nhiều dầu hạt thường sẽ tiêu thụ chúng cùng với nhiều tinh bột và có thể là với cả đường bổ sung nữa. Khi bạn tập hợp tất cả những thứ đó lại, bạn sẽ có một tập hợp tình trạng pro-inflammation (gây viêm), thường là tăng calo và mọi người không nhận đủ protein chất lượng. Và rồi chúng ta biết bức tranh đó trông như thế nào. Nó giống như ở Hoa Kỳ. Đúng. Hoặc phần lớn Hoa Kỳ. Và vì vậy, tôi nghĩ rằng có điều gì đó về việc dầu ô liu và bơ từ bò ăn cỏ kết hợp với những thứ khác có ảnh hưởng trái ngược. Như một số người nói, ôi, đây là dầu ô liu chất lượng cao. Nhìn chung, trong đầu tôi, những người đó là những người suy nghĩ về chất lượng của các thành phần salad. Họ nghĩ về bánh mì sourdough, thay vì có thể là một loại bánh mì tinh chế có chứa đường. Còn những người nói về bơ từ bò ăn cỏ lại đang nghĩ về chất lượng của nguồn protein từ thịt. Và họ không ăn những nguồn protein khác có chứa nhiều chất bảo quản khác. Vì vậy, đối với tôi, tôi nghĩ rất nhiều về cuộc tranh luận về dầu hạt, được gọi là, sẽ được giải quyết khi chúng ta bắt đầu phân tách các thành phần riêng lẻ. Họ đang đi trên một chiếc xe không phù hợp. Đúng. Đúng. Và tôi nghĩ rằng từ góc độ chi phí, bạn biết đấy, điều này không xuất hiện trong đầu tôi cho đến khi tôi bắt đầu nêu một chút điều này trên mạng, và trong trường hợp đó bạn sẽ học rất nhanh. Và điều tôi học được là, bạn biết đấy, có một số người đã nói, vâng, tôi nghe tất cả những điều tuyệt vời về bơ từ bò ăn cỏ và dầu ô liu. Nhưng có những người mà biên độ chi phí quá cao để tiêu thụ tất cả các loại hữu cơ và dầu ô liu. Và, bạn biết đấy, bạn phải lắng nghe điều đó và nói, được rồi, bạn biết đấy, đối với những người cần nuôi dưỡng cả gia đình, có thể một số nguồn chất béo khác sẽ nhiều khả năng hơn. Và vì vậy, những rủi ro sức khỏe thực sự với những thứ đó là gì? Dù sao thì, có một chút bình luận ở đây. Nhưng tôi cảm thấy một số điều này sẽ được làm sáng tỏ trong việc phân tích các chế độ ăn uống khác nhau. Tôi nghĩ mọi người đã đơn giản hóa quá mức. Những gì mọi người làm với dầu hạt cũng giống như những gì mọi người làm với sản phẩm từ sữa. Họ nói sản phẩm từ sữa như thể nó là một thứ đơn nhất. Bạn biết đấy, với sản phẩm sữa, bạn có phô mai cứng. Bạn có bơ. Bạn có sữa chua. Bạn có sữa với các mức độ béo khác nhau, bạn biết đấy. Bạn có thể sẽ rất khó khăn để tìm được những thông tin tiêu cực về sữa chua. Thực sự khó khăn để tìm thông tin tiêu cực về phô mai cứng. Bơ, trong số các thực phẩm từ sữa, là thứ mà bạn có thể tìm thấy những thông tin không tốt. Một câu chuyện tương tự với dầu hạt. Như, hãy thử tìm thông tin tiêu cực về hạt lanh, hạt chia, hoặc hạt vừng. Bạn không thể. Ý tôi là, vâng, nếu bạn tìm đủ lâu, bạn có thể. Cố gắng tìm thông tin tiêu cực về dầu cải cũng khó. Ngay cả những thứ như dầu đậu nành và dầu ngô. Bạn có thể nhìn vào tài liệu, và nó không mô tả bức tranh ác ý này. Vì vậy, tôi nghĩ mọi người đang bỏ lỡ bức tranh lớn để chú trọng vào những chi tiết nhỏ khi họ tập trung vào, thật lòng mà nói, những loại dầu nấu ăn. Bạn không nên ngâm hoặc chiên sâu thực phẩm của mình một cách thường xuyên. Vì vậy, vâng, và hơn nữa, khi bạn nhìn vào tác động của dầu hạt được xem xét trong tài liệu với các kết quả khác nhau, bạn biết đấy, mọi thứ từ các kết quả trung gian như tác động của biomarker cho đến các chỉ số cuối cùng như tử vong, đau tim, bạn biết đấy, các sự kiện tim mạch. Và bệnh tim. Và bệnh tim. Vì vậy, các chỉ số cuối cùng cũng như các chỉ số trung gian hoặc mềm đều vượt trội hơn với dầu hạt so với bơ, mỡ lợn, hoặc mỡ bò. Vì vậy, có một sự hiểu lầm nghiêm trọng và sự phát triển nỗi sợ không chính xác liên quan đến dầu hạt đến mức mà tôi nghĩ rằng thật sự quá ngớ ngẩn. Mọi người chỉ cần tự kiềm chế và tập trung vào chất lượng tổng thể của chế độ ăn uống và không thực sự sa vào những cuộc tranh cãi tuyệt đối, bạn biết đấy, về những loại dầu họ sử dụng để nấu thực phẩm của mình. Tôi là một người hâm mộ lớn của dầu ô liu nguyên chất. Đó là sự lựa chọn của tôi. Đó là thứ tôi yêu thích. Thành thật mà nói, tôi có thể, như, uống từng ngụm. Tôi yêu thích nó đến vậy. Nó thật ngon, vâng. Và tôi cũng thích dầu mè, bạn biết đấy, nhưng dầu mè là một loại dầu hạt. Nhưng dầu mè đã được tiêu thụ bởi những quần thể rất khỏe mạnh ở khắp châu Á trong suốt 5.000 năm qua. Vì vậy, tôi không nhất thiết thích dầu cải, bạn biết đấy, về độ nhờn và sự kỳ quặc của nó. Nhưng tôi vẫn sẽ thừa nhận rằng tài liệu cho thấy rất nhiều điều tích cực về nó trong đa số các thử nghiệm. Nhưng tôi thích olive oil hơn. Và tôi gần như sẽ cảm thấy thoải mái hơn nếu khuyên bạn rằng nếu bạn thích dầu ô liu, thì đó nên là dầu bạn chọn thay vì những loại dầu mà tôi đoán có thể được chế tạo hoặc hiện đại hóa đến một mức độ nào đó. Và bạn đã đề cập đến toàn bộ ý tưởng rằng, như, những loại dầu này được sản xuất như thế nào. Như, một trong những lo ngại là việc sử dụng hexane để chiết xuất dầu từ bánh hạt và các thứ tương tự. Vì vậy, việc sử dụng dung môi để lấy những loại dầu này ra khỏi nguồn gốc tự nhiên của chúng. Có một số tài liệu thú vị cho thấy mức hexane trong dầu ô liu cao hơn so với, tôi quên mất, là một loại dầu hạt khác, dù là dầu cải hay dầu hướng dương. Vậy nên – nhưng dù sao, mức hexane vẫn dưới ngưỡng an toàn được thiết lập. Và vì vậy tôi nghĩ – tôi thật sự nghĩ rằng mọi người đang bị lạc vào những chi tiết nhỏ và kiểu bị bỏ lỡ bức tranh lớn, tập trung vào những hạt cát nhỏ và bỏ lỡ những tảng đá lớn. Cảm ơn bạn vì điều đó. Tôi nghĩ điều này sẽ làm sáng tỏ nhiều điều cho nhiều người. Tôi cũng yêu thích dầu ô liu.
    Qua nhiều năm, tôi đã cố gắng tiêu thụ ít bơ hơn. Tôi rất thích hương vị của bơ. Xin lỗi, nhưng tôi muốn ngắt lời – bạn biết đấy, tôi hoàn toàn không chống lại bơ. Chỉ là – khi bạn nhìn vào các bằng chứng, nếu bạn bôi bơ lên mọi thứ trong chế độ ăn uống của mình và bạn thực sự ăn rất nhiều, như là, nếu bạn chỉ ăn những miếng bơ thì bạn đang đặt cược vào nguy cơ tim mạch tăng cao. Còn có một nghiên cứu rất thú vị so sánh kem với bơ về lipid máu. Thực ra, kem có tác động trung tính đối với lipid máu, trong khi bơ lại làm mọi thứ nghiêng về hướng có hại. Thông thường, đó thường là sự gia tăng LDL. Một lý do khác tại sao kem có tác động trung tính này là điều mà họ đang tìm ra, và điều này cũng dựa trên các nghiên cứu khác, là nó có thành phần gọi là màng globule mỡ sữa (MFGM), mà bị loại bỏ trong quá trình chế biến bơ. Vì vậy, ngay cả trong danh mục thực phẩm từ sữa, bạn có những loại thực phẩm có hành vi rất khác nhau. Và một lần nữa, tôi không chống lại bơ, nhưng chúng ta phải thừa nhận rằng một số thực phẩm trong cùng một danh mục thực phẩm có mức độ rủi ro cao hơn một chút, và bạn nên cẩn thận về lượng tiêu thụ nó trong suốt cuộc đời. Nhiều năm trước, khi mới bắt đầu podcast, khi tôi không nhận thức được, thực sự, podcast sẽ phát triển lớn như thế nào, tôi đã đùa rằng tôi ăn những miếng bơ để tăng cholesterol, để có testosterone cao hơn, và tôi đã phải trả giá cho điều đó. Tôi luôn – điều đó thật tuyệt. Tôi đã luôn cố gắng để có một chút chất béo bão hòa trong chế độ ăn hàng ngày của mình, hoặc qua thịt đỏ hoặc qua trứng hoặc, bạn biết đấy, một hoặc hai thìa bơ, tùy theo mức độ tập luyện và nhu cầu calo của tôi. Tôi không thích giảm chất béo bão hòa xuống zero vì tôi thấy da của mình trở nên khô. Tôi không cảm thấy tốt hơn và mức độ máu thực sự bị ảnh hưởng một chút, đó là chỉ cá nhân tôi. Tôi làm tốt, nhưng tôi muốn nhấn mạnh lại rằng tôi không nghĩ rằng mọi người nên cố gắng tăng cường lượng bơ của mình, nhưng giữa bơ và dầu ô liu cùng với các chất béo tự nhiên có trong hạt, trứng và thịt đỏ, tiêu thụ một số omega-3 qua dầu cá hoặc từ một số loại cá béo, bạn có thể có một sự kết hợp tốt về các lipid khác nhau mà cũng bao gồm nhiều vi chất dinh dưỡng, đúng không? Tôi cảm thấy như việc chỉ nhấn mạnh mỡ động vật và bơ cùng với thịt đỏ, loại trừ mọi chất béo từ thực vật hoặc hạt dường như thật kỳ quặc với tôi, và tôi là bạn của Paul Saladino và tôi sẽ nói điều đó. Tôi cũng nghĩ rằng nếu bạn ăn một chế độ ăn rất thấp chất béo bão hòa, như là rất, rất thấp chất béo bão hòa, hầu hết những người mà tôi biết đã làm điều đó, và chắc chắn là tôi, đều dẫn đến làn da khô, tóc giòn và khớp đau nhức. Tôi thực sự nghĩ rằng việc bao gồm một chút chất béo bão hòa trong chế độ ăn uống là cần thiết, ở mức độ thấp vừa phải, đúng không? Chắc chắn rồi. Đặc biệt khi người ta lớn tuổi. Và tôi biết tất cả những người theo chế độ ăn thịt có thể đã rời cuộc trò chuyện từ lâu rồi. Bạn biết đấy, mô hình keto Địa Trung Hải là chính đáng. Tôi có nghĩa là, nó không gì khác ngoài những tác động tích cực đã được thấy trong tài liệu. Vì vậy, nếu bạn muốn theo chế độ keto, nhưng thay vì ăn nhiều mỡ lợn hay bơ hay mỡ bò, bạn thay thế bằng hạt, bơ, dầu ô liu nguyên chất, bạn biết đấy, một số dầu dừa nguyên chất. Thì bạn có một hồ sơ rủi ro tim mạch tốt hơn rất nhiều và bạn vẫn có thể theo chế độ keto và bạn vẫn có thể tiêu thụ, bạn biết đấy, các nguồn protein khác nhau và bạn sẽ có được kiểu như là một sự thắng lợi cho cả hai bên ở đó. Thú vị thay, chính phủ, chính phủ Mỹ từng khuyên và họ đã từng đưa ra khuyến nghị về lượng chất béo trong chế độ ăn của bạn, một phần ba trong số đó. Vì vậy, chính phủ luôn chú trọng đến chế độ ăn ít chất béo, vì vậy 30% chất béo, 10% nên là bão hòa, 10% nên là đơn bão hòa, 10% nên là đa bão hòa. Và vì vậy họ đã có ý tưởng đúng ở đó với việc có một sự đa dạng về các loại chất béo. Và tôi rất quen thuộc với tài liệu về chất béo bão hòa và mức cholesterol cùng mức testosterone. Và, bạn biết đấy, với tư cách là một người không sử dụng testosterone bên ngoài, tôi sẽ cố gắng tận dụng bất cứ lợi thế nào về chế độ ăn mà tôi có thể có để duy trì mức testosterone của mình. Và vì vậy, cá nhân tôi sẽ – tôi sẽ không theo chế độ ăn không có chất béo bão hòa. Tôi nghĩ điều đó thật tuyệt cho người khác nghe. Bạn có biết bất kỳ lời khuyên dinh dưỡng nào cụ thể cho phụ nữ ngoài việc điều chỉnh theo, bạn biết đấy, trọng lượng cơ thể? Trung bình, phụ nữ có xu hướng có trọng lượng cơ thể thấp hơn nam giới, không phải lúc nào cũng thế, nhưng – và có những lý do khác, không phải lúc nào cũng vậy. Có điều gì cụ thể nào về một số chủ đề mà chúng ta đã thảo luận cho đến nay mà theo kinh nghiệm của bạn, và tôi biết vợ bạn rất có kinh nghiệm trong lĩnh vực đào tạo và dinh dưỡng, v.v., cho khách hàng, thực sự là cụ thể cho phụ nữ không? Như là họ thực sự được lợi từ việc làm một số điều hoặc không làm một số điều mà nam giới có thể không gặp phải hoặc không phải chú ý đến? Có rất ít – có rất ít điều theo hướng đó, gần như không có gì, gần như không có sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa nào mà bạn có thể nói chung về việc phụ nữ cần ăn như thế này, nam giới cần ăn như thế kia. Điều duy nhất mà tôi có thể chấp nhận là nếu bạn – nếu bạn có ai đó với mục tiêu là – bạn biết đấy? Quên đi mục tiêu. Nếu ai đó ở độ tuổi sinh sản, họ sẽ có chu kỳ kinh nguyệt hàng tháng, và trong chu kỳ hàng tháng đó, trong khoảng một tuần mỗi tháng, cơn thèm ăn của họ sẽ tăng vọt. Họ có thể cảm thấy mệt mỏi vào cùng lúc, cảm thấy chung chung là không khỏe, và, bạn biết đấy, ngay cả về mặt cảm xúc cũng sẽ bị mất cân bằng. Trong thời gian đó, tôi không nghĩ – tôi không nghĩ phụ nữ nên hoàn toàn chống lại những cơn thèm ăn của mình, và đặc biệt nếu ai đó đang trong chế độ ăn giảm cân. Vì vậy, có một chiến thuật mà chúng tôi sử dụng – chúng tôi có thể sử dụng với khách hàng gọi là nghỉ ăn kiêng.
    Vì vậy, nếu bạn đang cố gắng giảm cân, thì bạn có thể – bạn biết đấy, bạn có thể dồn sức trong ba tuần, và sau đó trong tuần của chu kỳ kinh nguyệt, hãy thư giãn một chút.
    Và sau đó thỏa mãn cơn thèm ăn của bạn, nếu có thể, trong tuần đó, và tôi không nói – hãy sử dụng tuần đó để phá hủy những gì bạn đã đạt được trong ba tuần trước.
    Nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng nếu bạn quyết định ăn kiêng theo cách tuần hoàn, và điều này thường hoạt động khá tốt với phụ nữ theo quan sát, thì tuần nghỉ hoặc tuần ăn nhiều calo hơn hay tuần duy trì của bạn trùng với chu kỳ kinh nguyệt.
    Và như vậy, bạn không phải chống lại Mẹ Thiên Nhiên.
    Bạn đang cùng đồng hành với Mẹ Thiên Nhiên, và theo cách đó, bạn có thể dễ dàng cải thiện thành phần cơ thể.
    Về những tuyên bố khác xoay quanh thời kỳ tiền mãn kinh hoặc giai đoạn chuyển tiếp mãn kinh và rằng phụ nữ phải ăn theo cách này, họ phải tránh cái này cái kia và ăn uống, bạn biết đấy, có rất nhiều tuyên bố được đưa ra.
    Chúng nên được xem như những suy đoán, chân thành mà nói.
    Và với giai đoạn chuyển tiếp mãn kinh – mãn kinh là một chủ đề rất hot hiện nay trong giới ảnh hưởng và những thứ như vậy.
    Có một số nghiên cứu cho thấy có khối lượng mỡ tăng lên trong giai đoạn chuyển tiếp mãn kinh và khối lượng cơ bắp mất đi ở mức tổng thể dân số.
    Nhưng xung quanh vấn đề này cũng có nhiều thông tin gây hoang mang.
    Và có một nghiên cứu đã được thực hiện – nó được gọi là nghiên cứu SWAN.
    Đây là nghiên cứu dài nhất và lớn nhất về chủ đề này.
    Họ đã quan sát giai đoạn chuyển tiếp mãn kinh kéo dài từ bốn đến tám năm, thường xảy ra ở phụ nữ từ, như, giữa tuổi 40 đến giữa tuổi 50.
    Họ đã xem xét mãn kinh sớm, giữa mãn kinh, và sau mãn kinh, và họ đã xem xét tác động đến thành phần cơ thể, hoặc ít nhất là mối quan hệ, với giai đoạn chuyển tiếp mãn kinh và thành phần cơ thể.
    Trong một khoảng thời gian tập trung ba năm rưỡi, nơi hầu hết các thay đổi diễn ra, khối lượng mỡ trung bình tăng lên là 1.6 kilogram.
    Vậy thì đó là ba pound rưỡi.
    Khối lượng cơ bắp trung bình mất đi là 0.2 kilogram, tức là khoảng nửa pound khối lượng cơ bắp bị mất.
    Vì vậy, có, những điều này diễn ra, nhưng mức độ mà chúng xảy ra.
    Và đây là ở mức tổng thể dân số.
    Điều này không phải là ở những người theo chế độ thể dục rất chăm sóc đến lượng protein đủ, tập luyện sức mạnh, v.v.
    Tôi không nghĩ rằng việc gây hoang mang là cần thiết.
    Tôi biết rằng có những triệu chứng rất thực liên quan đến giai đoạn chuyển tiếp mãn kinh khiến việc tuân thủ một chương trình thể dục hoặc chế độ ăn kiêng rất khó.
    Bạn biết đấy, cơn bốc hỏa, sự uể oải, đau khớp, thay đổi trong chức năng tình dục, sự kết hợp của những điều đó, cách chúng ảnh hưởng đến giấc ngủ, giấc ngủ kém ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến mọi thứ.
    Và vì vậy, khi bạn làm việc với ai đó như một người thực hành đang trải qua giai đoạn chuyển tiếp mãn kinh, tôi cho rằng bạn có thể thiết lập kỳ vọng của họ ở mức khoảng 50% so với người không trải qua giai đoạn chuyển tiếp mãn kinh.
    Vì vậy, trong khi bạn có thể đặt kỳ vọng cho một người là giảm một pound một tuần nếu họ đang cố gắng giảm mỡ cơ thể.
    Thì bạn nên đặt một người trong giai đoạn tiền mãn kinh được là ok với, như, một nửa cái đó.
    Vì những thay đổi khác đang diễn ra khiến việc nghỉ ngơi và phục hồi trở nên khó khăn hơn.
    Đúng vậy.
    Chắc chắn rồi.
    Cảm ơn bạn vì câu trả lời đó.
    Tôi biết đây là một chủ đề mà, như bạn đã đề cập, đang ngày càng phổ biến hơn trong những ngày này.
    Tôi nghĩ rằng điều đó là quan trọng.
    Đây là một chủ đề chưa nhận được nhiều sự chú ý cho đến khá gần đây, tôi nghĩ, vì, A, các nghiên cứu về Sáng kiến Sức khoẻ Phụ nữ chưa hoàn thành.
    Nhiều nghiên cứu trong số đó đã được hoàn thành trong những năm gần đây, vì vậy dữ liệu, được trích dẫn, đã có.
    Tôi cũng nghĩ rằng các tác động đối với não, như mối quan hệ giữa estrogen, testosterone và chức năng não ở nam giới và phụ nữ là điều mà chúng ta mới chỉ bắt đầu hiểu chân thực với công nghệ hình ảnh hiện đại và những thứ như vậy.
    Vì vậy, đây là một lĩnh vực, dĩ nhiên, sẽ tiến triển nhanh chóng trong những năm tới.
    Collagen.
    Tôi đã có một chuyên gia da liễu.
    Một cuộc chiến chết chóc khác.
    Tôi đã có một chuyên gia da liễu trên podcast này.
    Chúng tôi đã nói về collagen.
    Quan điểm của tôi về dữ liệu liên quan đến collagen là rằng hồ sơ amino acid trong collagen, mà thường đến từ cá, tôi tin.
    Hầu hết các nguồn collagen đều có nguồn gốc từ cá.
    Cá hoặc bò.
    Hoặc bò.
    Rằng hồ sơ amino acid không tuyệt vời từ quan điểm tổng hợp protein cơ.
    Thấp về leucine và các amino acid chuỗi nhánh khác.
    Cao hơn về các amino acid khác.
    Nhưng những amino acid mà nó cao đều tạo thành một phần quan trọng trong cấu tạo của da và các mô mềm khác.
    Vì vậy, việc tiêu thụ 15 đến 30 gram collagen mỗi ngày có thể có lợi, độc lập và tách biệt với protein dinh dưỡng vì lợi ích của tổng hợp protein cơ.
    Cũng vậy, nếu bạn không phiền tôi nói thêm, bạn có làn da rất đẹp.
    Vậy bạn có uống collagen không? Bạn 53 tuổi, bạn có làn da đẹp.
    Bạn có uống collagen và bạn nghĩ gì về những người muốn uống collagen chỉ để cải thiện vẻ ngoài của da và không vì lý do nào khác?
    Được rồi, vì vậy tôi muốn bắt đầu bằng cách nói rằng các chuyên gia thể dục trong cộng đồng “dựa trên bằng chứng” gần như có một cách tiếp cận tối giản về việc bổ sung.
    Vì vậy, gần như nếu bạn có thể tránh một chất bổ sung và loại bỏ nó, tốt quá, chúng ta đã thắng.
    Tôi không như vậy với một vài sản phẩm bổ sung và collagen là một trong số đó.
    Và một điều, trong số tất cả các protein trong cơ thể, collagen là loại protein phong phú nhất.
    Và collagen chiếm khoảng, bạn biết đấy, 20 đến 40% các protein trong cơ thể.
    Nó tạo thành một lượng đáng kể của mô xương và không chỉ là khớp, dây chằng và gân.
    Và từ một góc độ rất đơn giản, kiểu như không cần suy nghĩ nhiều, thì câu hỏi là: Vấn đề của mọi người là gì khi cung cấp nguyên liệu thô cho cơ thể để xây dựng các mô này?
    Phản biện cho điều đó là ý tưởng rằng cơ thể tiếp nhận bất kỳ loại protein nào, phân hủy nó thành các axit amin cấu thành, và các axit amin được chuyển đến nơi chúng cần đến tùy thuộc vào nhu cầu cân bằng nội môi của cơ thể.
    Hoặc, bạn biết đấy, bất kỳ nhu cầu nào mà cơ thể có tại thời điểm đó.
    Được rồi, nếu chúng ta dựa trên logic đó, thì chúng ta có thể nói rằng trên thực tế không có loại protein nào tốt hơn loại khác, miễn là chúng ta có một lượng cơ bản các axit amin thiết yếu.
    Không, điều đó không đúng.
    Ngoài ra, điều thú vị về collagen, và điều này cũng gây tranh cãi, là khả năng chống lại sự thủy phân hoàn toàn, nơi mà bạn có những mảnh collagen có thể lướt qua tuần hoàn và vào các mô mục tiêu.
    Các diantripeptides này, đúng chứ, đã được quan sát thông qua công nghệ theo dõi đồng vị, và chúng đi vào các tế bào sụn hoặc, bạn biết đấy, các tế bào khớp, và chúng tăng cường hoạt động trong các tế bào sụn.
    Điều này đã được ghi nhận và công bố.
    Nhưng ngoài điều đó, thật kỳ lạ tại sao không ai phản đối việc tiêu thụ đủ canxi, canxi từ chế độ ăn, để duy trì tính toàn vẹn của hệ thống xương?
    Nhưng, bạn biết đấy, bạn nói về việc tiêu thụ đủ collagen để duy trì tính toàn vẹn của các mô liên kết trong toàn bộ cơ thể, bao gồm cả da.
    Và da có tới 80% collagen theo trọng lượng khô.
    Rồi mọi người lại nổi điên lên, bạn thấy không?
    Tôi nghĩ rằng thật dễ hiểu khi ít nhất nên lạc quan về việc bổ sung collagen nếu bạn là người không bao giờ ăn sụn của thịt, xương, các phần mô liên kết.
    Nếu bạn không ăn những thực phẩm từ động vật từ đầu đến đuôi và chỉ ăn thịt cơ,
    tôi nghĩ rằng người làm điều đó nhưng bổ sung collagen sẽ có lợi thế hơn bạn trong suốt cuộc đời.
    Và, bạn biết đấy, liên quan đến điều đó, tôi nghĩ rằng đó là một trong những nhược điểm mà những người ăn chay có thể gặp phải cho đến khi họ tìm ra cách thông minh để sản xuất một phân tử collagen không phải từ động vật.
    Có nhiều đánh giá có hệ thống cho thấy lợi ích của collagen đối với nhiều kết quả trên da, điều này tất nhiên đang gây tranh cãi.
    Protein whey dường như luôn vượt trội hơn collagen đối với các kết quả liên quan đến cơ bắp, nhưng, bạn biết đấy, đó không phải là lý do chúng ta tiêu thụ collagen.
    Vậy, quay lại câu hỏi ban đầu của bạn, vâng, tôi có bổ sung collagen.
    Bạn dùng bao nhiêu?
    Khoảng 15 gram một ngày.
    Đối với tôi, điều này thật dễ hiểu.
    Chỉ cần bạn cung cấp nguyên liệu thô mà cơ thể sẽ dùng và cần mười, và cuộc tranh luận là liệu tính sinh khả dụng có ý nghĩa hay không.
    À, bạn biết không?
    Tôi sẵn sàng làm điều của thế giới thứ nhất và chấp nhận thử thách đó và uống bổ sung collagen.
    Bất lợi gần như không có.
    Tuyệt.
    Bạn còn bổ sung gì khác nữa? Có lẽ chúng ta có thể thiết lập một hệ thống phân loại các loại bổ sung thay vì chỉ nói về bổ sung hàng đầu.
    Hãy nói về… theo ngân sách tiêu dùng.
    Tôi nghĩ đây là một góc nhìn thực tế.
    Vâng.
    Vậy hãy đồng ý rằng điều chính là có đủ giấc ngủ, tập thể dục, ăn uống hợp lý.
    Để ăn uống hợp lý, bạn nên nhấn mạnh vào những gì bạn đã nói và cố gắng tìm kiếm những nguồn thực phẩm chất lượng tốt nhất mà bạn có thể mua.
    Giả sử rằng ai đó có đủ thu nhập có thể chi tiêu để mua, bạn biết đấy, một hoặc hai loại bổ sung để dùng liên tục.
    Và hãy để riêng các loại thực phẩm bổ sung, như protein whey, khỏi các loại vitamin và bổ sung hiệu suất và chỉ đưa tất cả ra và nói,
    được rồi, hãy giả sử tôi có—sẽ khác nhau theo từng quốc gia, nhưng hãy giả sử tôi có 150 đô la thu nhập tiêu dùng mà tôi có thể chi cho một hoặc hai bổ sung để dùng liên tục.
    Bạn sẽ đặt ra cái gì vào danh mục đó?
    Hoặc nếu mục tiêu là giữ nguyên mô cơ hoặc tăng mô cơ và giữ mỡ cơ thể ở mức hiện tại hoặc giảm bớt mỡ cơ thể, sức sống tổng thể, sức khỏe tổng thể, tuổi thọ.
    Vâng, bức tranh tổng thể.
    Đã hiểu, đã hiểu.
    Được rồi, câu trả lời của tôi cho điều này sẽ rất “khoa học cánh đàn ông”.
    Bởi vì thật khó để nghiên cứu những kết quả này đến nỗi chúng ta gần như chỉ đang, bạn biết đấy, cược vào khi thực hiện bổ sung ngoài việc có một chế độ ăn uống đa dạng trong và giữa các nhóm thực phẩm mà thường thì không cung cấp đủ các vi chất dinh dưỡng thiết yếu, đặc biệt là khi chúng ta ăn kiêng, đặc biệt là khi chúng ta tập luyện hoặc cả hai, đặc biệt là khi chúng ta không có chế độ ăn tối ưu, đi du lịch khắp nơi, điều mà chúng ta thường gặp phải.
    Vì vậy, cá nhân tôi coi một loại vitamin đa dạng, vitamin và khoáng chất đa dạng, là điều hiển nhiên.
    Đó là điều hiển nhiên không thể chối cãi.
    Như kiểu, bạn biết ai ăn một chế độ ăn tinh khiết mà chỉ đảm bảo tất cả các vi chất dinh dưỡng trong những lượng tối ưu?
    Đó là một người rất hiếm, và người đó sẽ phải bao phủ các nhóm thực phẩm và ăn rất nhiều calo từ các nhóm khác nhau, và trong và giữa các nhóm.
    Vì vậy, tôi – đây là phần khoa học cánh đàn ông trong tôi.
    Tôi uống hai loại vitamin đa dạng và –
    Một liều cao gấp đôi của cùng một loại hay hai loại khác nhau?
    Hai loại khác nhau.
    Một trong số đó không có sắt.
    Được rồi.
    Một trong số đó có.
    Bạn uống chúng với bữa ăn?
    Tôi uống cùng với bữa ăn, vâng.
    Vào buổi đầu của ngày, có lẽ?
    Tôi uống chúng vào bữa tối.
    Đó thường là bữa ăn lớn nhất của tôi.
    Được rồi.
    Vì vậy, một loại vitamin đa dạng chất lượng tốt.
    Ừm.
    Tôi làm như vậy.
    Thường thì, với các loại vitamin đa dạng, nó sẽ phải là những viên thuốc cực lớn để có đủ vitamin D, vitamin D3 trong đó.
    Vì vậy, tôi có uống thêm vitamin D3.
    Bạn uống bao nhiêu IU mỗi ngày?
    Ôi, đó là chỗ mà tôi thực sự trở nên “khoa học cánh đàn ông” với bạn, người bạn.
    Tôi uống khá nhiều.
    Tài liệu cho thấy lợi ích như dưới 1.000 IU.
    Tôi uống 4.000 IU.
    Tôi không nghĩ đó là mức cao quá đáng.
    Vâng, bạn không nghĩ vậy. Bạn cũng là một “cánh đàn ông”.
    Ý tôi là, nghe này, tôi có những thành viên nữ trong gia đình gặp một số vấn đề về sức khỏe mà – với họ, sự thay đổi duy nhất – sự thay đổi duy nhất là 5.000 IU vitamin D3 mỗi ngày. Và nó đã tạo ra ảnh hưởng tích cực đáng kể trên một số chỉ số chủ quan và một số chỉ số khách quan. Và đây là những người đã nhận đủ ánh nắng mặt trời và ăn thực phẩm rất chất lượng, bạn biết không, thực sự bỏ ra thời gian và nỗ lực cho nó. Vì vậy, tôi tin vào D3. D3 hiện đang được nghiên cứu rất nhiều trên PubMed theo cách tương tự như dầu cá cũng đang được nghiên cứu. Tôi thích điều đó. Và vì thế, nó – Chúng tôi đã sử dụng thuật ngữ PubMed. Đúng rồi. Chúng tôi đã làm. Vì vậy, bây giờ việc dùng vitamin D3 trở nên gây tranh cãi, bạn biết đấy. Bạn có thấy những tuyên bố chính thức xuất hiện. Ồ, chúng tôi nghĩ bạn cần – thực ra bạn không cần quá nhiều – Được rồi. Vì vậy, một loại vitamin tổng hợp tốt có chứa sắt, đặc biệt là cho phụ nữ có chu kỳ kinh nguyệt, đúng không? Đúng rồi. Đặc biệt là bạn không cần điều đó. Vitamin D3. Tôi uống vitamin D3. Tôi uống dầu cá. Tôi uống ba gam dầu cá. Không phải ba gam tổng hợp EPA, DHA, mà là ba gam trong ba viên nang một gram. Đó là một lượng tốt. Tôi muốn hỏi – liệu điều đó có giúp bạn vượt qua một gram mỗi ngày của EPA không? Nó khoảng ở đó. Đúng rồi. Đó là điều tôi cũng nhắm đến. Một gram mỗi ngày của EPA, có nghĩa là uống khoảng ba gam tổng cộng. Đúng rồi. Khoảng một gram mỗi ngày của EPA kết hợp, DHA, và tài liệu về rung tâm nhĩ cho thấy rằng nhiều hơn thế sẽ có nguy cơ. Được rồi. Thì bạn đang phải chịu rủi ro này. Nhưng, bạn biết không, bạn bè? Tôi không tin mọi thứ tôi đọc, ngay cả trong tài liệu đã được đánh giá. Bạn đã là một nhà khoa học quá lâu để tin mọi thứ bạn đọc. Đúng vậy, anh bạn. Đúng. Đó là cách hoạt động. Một số điều, đơn giản là bạn phải tiếp nhận nó với thái độ hoài nghi. Bạn nhận ra cơ sở bằng chứng trong tài liệu, và sau đó bạn đưa ra quyết định chỉ dựa trên cảm giác của riêng bạn và cách bạn phản ứng cá nhân. Bạn biết đấy, giống như thang bậc bằng chứng thông thường là một cách, nhưng tôi nghĩ ở đỉnh cao là cách bạn phản ứng cá nhân với giao thức. Vậy là, và dầu cá, khi bạn dùng, một điều khác sẽ làm tăng kích thước của một vitamin tổng hợp là đảm bảo đủ magie để mang lại lợi ích. Vì vậy, tôi uống magie. Bạn nhấn mạnh hình thức magie nào? Magie citrate. Tôi không kén chọn gì ngoài magie oxit. Được rồi. Oxit là dạng thấp khả dụng sinh học. Đúng rồi, magie citrate. Đúng rồi, magie citrate. Và tôi cũng uống creatine, khoảng năm gam mỗi ngày. Và tôi thực hiện một thao tác khoa học của anh chàng, cái điều mà, ôi, tôi thực sự đang tự hại mình ở đây. Tôi uống vitamin C, thêm vitamin C, một gram mỗi ngày. Bạn đang tìm kiếm hiệu quả gì với vitamin C? Tác động đến miễn dịch cùng với loại hiệu ứng cộng sinh tiềm năng với collagen. Ồ, đúng. Và có một số dữ liệu về điều này. Tôi nhận ra rằng bạn đang định dạng tất cả những điều này rất thận trọng dưới cái ô của khoa học anh chàng. Và đây chỉ là tôi. Tôi sẽ không nói với mọi người làm như vậy. Bạn hỏi tôi đang uống gì. Và tôi nghĩ có bằng chứng tốt về vitamin D, về D3, về việc kết hợp 15 gram collagen với vitamin C, ít nhất là trong các nghiên cứu xem xét tính đàn hồi của da. Vậy nên bạn không ngoài lề quá xa đâu. Tôi nhận ra, và khán giả chắc chắn nhận ra bạn cẩn trọng và bảo thủ với những gì bạn nói, điều mà tôi tin chắc rằng mọi người đều đánh giá cao. Vậy năm gam creatine, một chút vitamin C, còn gì khác kỳ quặc hơn không? Không, không gì hơn ngoài vitamin tổng hợp D, dầu cá, vitamin C, creatine, magie. Bạn tập kháng lực bao nhiêu ngày mỗi tuần? Khoảng bốn đến năm ngày. Và bạn có tập cardio thường xuyên không? Được rồi, đây là điều mà nhiều người sẽ chỉ trích tôi là tôi cố gắng làm cho việc tập kháng lực của mình trở nên giống cardio. Vì vậy, cardio của tôi, nếu bạn có thể gọi là cardio, sẽ gồm những đi bộ quanh khu phố thỉnh thoảng hoặc chỉ những chuyến đi bộ nhẹ nhàng đôi khi và có thể là đi qua lại giữa các hiệp. Tôi thích tập kháng lực. Tôi tạo cho nó niềm vui. Ý tôi là, ai cũng muốn nghỉ từ hai đến ba phút giữa các hiệp để thực hiện tối đa tải trọng. Nhưng bạn biết không? Bạn có thể thực hiện tập kháng lực theo chương trình dần dần. Bạn có thể thực hiện tải trọng dần dần, ngay cả trong một khoảng thời gian nghỉ ngắn. Ý tôi là, chỉ cần nó có xu hướng tăng lên, bạn biết đấy, tổng tải trọng mà bạn di chuyển đang có xu hướng tăng lên theo thời gian. Nó sẽ không tăng lên nhanh chóng như nếu bạn nghỉ từ hai đến ba phút giữa các hiệp. Nhưng tôi thích nghỉ ngắn. Tôi thích số lần lặp nhiều. Bạn và tôi không tập cùng nhau. Tôi thích nâng tạ nặng và chậm. Như ba đến năm phút giữa các hiệp. Bây giờ tôi nằm trong khoảng từ hai đến năm lần lặp. Bất cứ điều gì nhiều hơn sáu có cảm giác như cardio. Nhưng tôi thích chạy và tôi thực hiện những hình thức cardio khác cho cardio. Nhưng chúng ta nên đảm bảo rằng tại một thời điểm nào đó bạn và Cameron Haynes tập cùng nhau vì anh ấy thực hiện các bài tập theo kiểu circuit, chạy, nâng tạ và thực hiện các điều mà anh ấy làm hàng ngày. Bạn biết đấy, anh ấy bắn cung để thực hành môn bắn cung của mình. Anh ấy thường chạy từ 10 đến 20 dặm mỗi ngày. Nhưng anh ấy nâng tạ mỗi ngày. Và anh ấy thực hiện bài tập theo kiểu circuit mà tôi đã làm cùng anh ấy. Và với một người như tôi, điều đó thật khổ ải. Ý tôi là, nó rất khó. Tôi chưa bao giờ cảm thấy đau đớn như vậy. Tôi chưa bao giờ cảm thấy kiệt sức như vậy. Nhưng có vẻ như nó rất đúng với điều mà bạn phát triển. Tôi đã thử nghiệm với các hiệp nhóm. Và tôi muốn bạn thử điều này. Bạn có thể giải thích cho mọi người thế nào là một hiệp nhóm không? Một hiệp nhóm cơ bản là bạn chia nhỏ một hiệp với thời gian nghỉ từ khoảng năm đến 20 giây trong một bài tập chân đơn lẻ. Vậy như kéo chân, đẩy chân và sau đó là squats? Điều đó sẽ giống như một hiệp siêu hoặc một hiệp khổng lồ hơn. Vì vậy, một hiệp nhóm là như một bài tập đơn – tôi sẽ giải thích nó. Tôi muốn bạn thử cái này. Tôi nghĩ bạn sẽ thấy nó thú vị. Được rồi. Vậy với một bài tập nhất định, hãy tưởng tượng – bộ phận nào là sở thích của bạn – tôi đang nói chuyện với bạn như thể bạn là một vận động viên thể hình. Bộ phận nào là bộ phận bạn thích nhất để tập luyện? Tôi thích chạy và tôi nâng tạ để giữ mình đủ mạnh mẽ và đủ ổn định để chạy. Tôi thích tập luyện bộ phận nào nhất? Đúng rồi. Về mặt chỉ các nhóm cơ.
    Những ngày này tôi đã thực hiện rất nhiều điều – tôi thực sự thích ngày tập chân. Tôi là một fan lớn của ngày tập chân. Vì vậy, tôi sẽ tập – tôi thường tập với trọng lượng nặng cho các bài như squat hack hoặc squat đai. Bạn có phải là người thích sử dụng máy duỗi chân không? Đúng. Tôi cũng làm như vậy. Được rồi. Hãy tưởng tượng bạn chọn một trọng lượng cho máy duỗi chân mà bạn có thể thực hiện. Bộ tập chính đầu tiên của bạn sau khi khởi động, hãy chọn một khối lượng mà bạn sẽ thất bại khoảng, hãy nói, 16 lần. Được rồi. Thế này nhé? Chúng ta sẽ tập 12 lần. Được rồi. 12 lần. Cũng hợp lý. Đúng vậy. Đưa nó đến mức thất bại. Các đồng nghiệp của tôi thường nói, được rồi, bạn biết đấy, tôi sẽ để lại một lần trong dự trữ và… bạn biết đấy. Tôi thích tập đến mức thất bại mọi lúc. Tôi chỉ – nó thật là thú vị. Tôi đã tập luyện trong một thời gian dài. Tôi không làm mình bị thương khi tập đến mức thất bại và tôi sẽ không tập đến mức thất bại với một bài như bench press hay squat. Nhưng bạn có thể chọn những bài tập mà bạn có thể tập đến mức thất bại. Máy duỗi chân là một trong số đó. Bạn có thể tập đến mức thất bại. Bạn có thể tập đến mức một phần. Vì vậy, máy duỗi chân. Hãy chọn một trọng lượng mà bạn có thể làm được 12 lần. Tập đến mức thất bại và thực hiện năm hơi thở chậm. Đó là một. Và thực hiện điều đó năm lần và sau đó quay lại bài tập. Đừng thay đổi trọng lượng. Cố gắng thực hiện một nửa số lần mà bạn đã làm. Và bạn thường sẽ thực hiện được. Đôi khi bạn sẽ không. Bạn biết đó, nếu bạn thở đủ nhanh, bạn có thể không thực hiện được. Nhưng nếu năm hơi thở chậm của bạn đủ chậm, bạn sẽ thực hiện được sáu lần trong trường hợp này. Được rồi. Sau đó, hãy thở chậm mười lần. Cố gắng vượt qua bộ tập trước đó của bạn. Cố gắng làm – nếu bạn có thể làm sáu, tuyệt vời. Nếu bạn có thể làm bảy, tuyệt vời. Đó là một bộ tập cụm với mức thất bại tích hợp vài lần. Và bạn sẽ làm bao nhiêu bộ tập cụm cho mỗi phần cơ thể? Hai. Vâng. Bởi vì đó là nhiều bộ tập. Vâng. Điều này có vẻ như là một điều tuyệt vời để làm nếu ai đó có ít thời gian. Và có thể nếu ai đó có một chấn thương đáng lưu ý mà bạn cần phải làm cho nó tránh được trọng lượng nặng. Tôi hy vọng sẽ không bao giờ ở trong tình huống phải thực hiện bài tập này. Và bạn có thể thêm một bộ giảm trọng lượng vào bài tập thứ hai, bam, giảm trọng lượng xuống khoảng 25% và bắt đầu ngay vào nó và thực hiện bộ giảm trọng lượng. Vì vậy, mục đích của điều đó và cách tôi biện hộ cho việc không yêu thích cardio chính thức là rất nhiều trong việc tập luyện kháng lực của tôi, tôi cố gắng làm cho nó – tôi cố gắng đưa vào một yếu tố trò chơi trong chừng mực đó. Và cuối cùng nó kích thích các con đường tuần hoàn hô hấp một cách mạnh mẽ hơn so với việc tập luyện kháng lực thông thường của bạn. Tôi sẽ không bao giờ phủ nhận lợi ích của cardio chính thức. Nhưng chỉ cần cách tôi điều chỉnh việc tập luyện của mình và bám sát với những gì tôi thích, tôi thực hiện đủ khối lượng trong tuần để tôi có thể nói rằng, nhìn xem, bất kỳ ai thích thích ứng với sức bền, bạn biết đấy, những cải thiện trong VO2 max, thúc đẩy điều đó vào, tuyệt vời, tốt cho bạn. Tôi chỉ nghĩ rằng có một giới hạn đến mức mà điều đó sẽ có lợi cho sức khỏe tim mạch và hoặc tuổi thọ so với việc chỉ cần duy trì hoạt động thể chất, giữ cơ thể ở trạng thái tốt, và nhất quán với điều đó. Và, tất nhiên, những yếu tố lối sống khác nữa. Vì vậy, vâng, đây là một cuộc trò chuyện khác, tôi đoán vậy. Vâng, nhưng tôi nghĩ nó khá liên quan đến những gì chúng ta đã nói cho đến bây giờ, đó là một kịch bản thực tế. Như thế này là những gì có hiệu quả với bạn. Tôi, bạn biết đó, thường chạm vào những gì có hiệu quả với tôi, nhưng đây là điều có hiệu quả với bạn. Và bạn có khả năng kết hợp cardio và tập kháng lực theo một cách rất hiệu quả về thời gian. Chà, tôi không phải lúc nào cũng thực hiện bộ tập cụm. Tôi thích thực hiện supersets. Vì vậy, nếu tôi, bạn biết đó, nếu tôi ở một trạm mà tôi có thể thực hiện superset giữa phần ngực và lưng, tôi sẽ superset với thời gian nghỉ tối thiểu. Cũng rất hiệu quả về thời gian. Và hoặc, bạn biết đó, giữa bài tập bắp tay và bắp tay sau hoặc bất cứ điều gì mà bạn có thể thực hiện như kiểu superset cho các cơ đối kháng. Tôi tận dụng điều đó. Tôi không nhất thiết lúc nào cũng thực hiện bộ tập cụm. Bạn đã đề cập rằng vợ bạn là một huấn luyện viên. Vâng. Cô ấy có huấn luyện những khách hàng nữ của mình theo cách này không? Và bạn có huấn luyện khách hàng nữ của mình theo cách này không? Lý do tôi hỏi là vì trong kinh nghiệm của tôi, tôi nhận ra rằng đây là một sự tổng quát, nhưng tôi đã có những người bạn đồng hành nữ trước đây. Một số bạn tập tốt nhất mà tôi có, theo cách nào đó, là những người bạn tập nữ. Họ đã làm việc rất chăm chỉ và họ cũng là những vận động viên tuyệt vời. Họ thường có xu hướng nhìn nhận việc tập kháng lực, ít nhất là ban đầu, như là điều gì đó để hạn chế thời gian nghỉ giữa các bộ tập. Như họ cảm thấy rằng nếu nhịp tim của họ không lên liên tục, thì đó không phải là tập luyện. Những người đó thường rất ngạc nhiên khi thực hiện những bài tập với số lần ít hơn và thời gian nghỉ dài hơn. Nhưng tổng quát, bạn có đề xuất những gì bạn vừa mô tả nhiều hơn cho khách hàng nam hay nữ của bạn không? Bạn biết đấy, tỏ ra hoàn toàn thành thật, đó chỉ là điều tôi thích làm. Và có lẽ đó không phải là cách hiệu quả nhất để tăng cơ, nhưng tôi chỉ thấy điều đó thú vị và tôi thích nó. Khi tôi huấn luyện những người có mục tiêu cụ thể là tăng cơ, tôi thường cho họ thực hiện các bài tập tiêu chuẩn, bạn biết đấy, hãy nghỉ giữa các bộ, và di chuyển mức trọng lượng tối đa. Hãy bao phủ một dải mức tải. Tôi không, bạn biết đấy, tôi giống như Brad Schoenfeld. Tôi nghĩ rằng Brad đã thực hiện những công việc tốt nhất trong lĩnh vực tăng cơ. Và việc tập luyện cho tăng cơ là một trong những cách tốt nhất để tập luyện cho, tôi đoán, tối ưu hóa sức khỏe chuyển hóa. Vì vậy, theo ý kiến của tôi, nên có một số bài tập tăng cơ được bao gồm trong bất kỳ chương trình nào. Vì vậy, vâng, đó chỉ là điều tôi thích, bạn ơi. Và tôi nhận ra điều đó có thể đi ngược lại với nhiều ý kiến đồng thuận thông thường. Chà, cảm ơn bạn đã chia sẻ điều đó. Tôi nghĩ rằng nó làm nổi bật, nếu không có gì khác, rằng việc làm những gì mà người ta thích trong lĩnh vực thể hình và dinh dưỡng cũng quan trọng không kém so với những điều tốt nhất. Bởi vì nếu bạn không thích nó, bạn sẽ không có khả năng duy trì điều đó. Vì vậy, hãy tìm ra những gì bạn thích. Này, tôi muốn mở rộng một lời cảm ơn lớn vì đã đến đây hôm nay. Điều này đã lâu rồi. Tôi luôn biết từ cuộc gặp mặt trực tiếp đầu tiên của chúng ta rằng chúng ta sẽ làm điều này vào một thời điểm nào đó. Và tôi rất vui vì chúng ta đang làm điều này bây giờ. Tôi phải nói rằng bạn có một sự am hiểu đáng kinh ngạc về tài liệu này.
    Cảm ơn bạn.
    Bạn biết đấy, bất kỳ ai đã nghe điều này đều nhận ra rằng bạn không chỉ nói những thứ không có cơ sở.
    Bạn luôn bắt đầu các phát biểu của mình với nguồn gốc của thông tin mà bạn sắp truyền đạt, cho dù đó là kinh nghiệm và sở thích cá nhân của bạn, từ một phân tích tổng hợp, hay từ một nghiên cứu cụ thể.
    Và với tư cách là một học giả, tôi đặc biệt đánh giá cao việc bạn luôn ghi nhận các tác giả của nghiên cứu.
    Ý tôi là, tôi biết mọi người đã nghe điều này, nhưng tôi muốn nhấn mạnh tính học thuật với cách mà bạn trình bày bằng chứng và ghi nhận tác giả gốc của công trình.
    Rõ ràng là bạn đã có sự hiểu biết sâu sắc về những chủ đề khổng lồ đầy rắc rối cho công chúng và rất quan trọng.
    Quay lại điều tôi đã nói ở đầu, khi tôi nghĩ về Alan Aragon, tôi nghĩ đến khối lượng kiến thức khổng lồ được chia sẻ và khả năng tuyệt vời trong việc làm rõ các vấn đề cho mọi người.
    Hôm nay, bạn đã dạy chúng tôi rằng protein là cực kỳ quan trọng.
    Các tính chất của protein có trong các lĩnh vực khác nhau của các nhóm thực phẩm khác nhau, thời điểm tiêu thụ protein, thời điểm liên quan đến tập thể dục, thời điểm tập thể dục, và loại hình tập thể dục.
    Đã nói về collagen.
    Chúng ta đã nói về thâm hụt và thặng dư calo.
    Vâng, bạn có thể tăng cơ và giảm mỡ đồng thời.
    Và bạn không chỉ làm cho thông tin này rõ ràng, mà còn rất thực tiễn.
    Vì vậy, cảm ơn bạn, cảm ơn bạn, cảm ơn bạn vì lượng thông tin khổng lồ mà bạn đã cung cấp cho chúng tôi hôm nay và mà bạn vẫn tiếp tục cung cấp trực tuyến và ở nơi khác.
    Chúng tôi, tất nhiên, sẽ cung cấp liên kết đến nơi mọi người có thể tìm hiểu thêm về bạn và từ bạn.
    Và tôi chỉ muốn nói, hãy tiếp tục.
    Tôi đánh giá cao bạn như một đồng nghiệp và một người bạn, và tôi rất biết ơn vì bạn đã đến đây hôm nay và vì tôi đã nói điều sai trên mạng xã hội để chúng ta có cơ hội gặp nhau.
    Trở lại với bạn, Andrew.
    Thật vinh dự và vui mừng khi có mặt ở đây.
    Và tôi thật sự, thật sự nghĩ rằng điều này sẽ mang lại rất nhiều giá trị.
    Cảm ơn bạn vì mọi thứ.
    À, không có gì.
    Thật sự là một niềm vui.
    Chúng tôi sẽ mời bạn quay lại lần nữa.
    Cảm ơn bạn đã tham gia cuộc trò chuyện hôm nay với Alan Aragon.
    Để tìm hiểu thêm về công việc của Alan và tìm liên kết đến các bài viết và tài nguyên khác nhau của anh ấy, xin vui lòng xem các chú thích trong chương trình.
    Nếu bạn đang học hỏi hoặc cảm thấy thích thú với podcast này, vui lòng đăng ký kênh YouTube của chúng tôi.
    Đó là một cách hỗ trợ tuyệt vời mà không tốn một đồng nào.
    Ngoài ra, vui lòng theo dõi podcast bằng cách nhấn nút theo dõi trên cả Spotify và Apple.
    Và trên cả Spotify và Apple, bạn có thể để lại cho chúng tôi đánh giá lên đến năm sao và giờ đây bạn có thể để lại bình luận cho chúng tôi trên cả Spotify và Apple.
    Xin vui lòng kiểm tra các nhà tài trợ đã được đề cập ở phần đầu và xuyên suốt tập hôm nay.
    Đó là cách tốt nhất để hỗ trợ podcast này.
    Nếu bạn có câu hỏi cho tôi hoặc bình luận về podcast, khách mời hoặc các chủ đề mà bạn muốn tôi xem xét cho podcast Huberman Lab, xin vui lòng để lại trong phần bình luận trên YouTube.
    Tôi sẽ đọc tất cả các bình luận.
    Đối với những ai chưa nghe, tôi sắp phát hành một cuốn sách mới.
    Đó là cuốn sách đầu tiên của tôi.
    Nó có tựa đề “Protocols, an Operating Manual for the Human Body.”
    Đây là một cuốn sách mà tôi đã làm việc trong hơn năm năm và dựa trên hơn 30 năm nghiên cứu và kinh nghiệm.
    Nó bao gồm các giao thức cho mọi thứ từ giấc ngủ đến tập thể dục đến kiểm soát căng thẳng, các giao thức liên quan đến sự tập trung và động lực.
    Và tất nhiên, tôi cung cấp chứng minh khoa học cho các giao thức được bao gồm.
    Cuốn sách hiện đã có sẵn để đặt trước tại protocolsbook.com.
    Tại đó, bạn có thể tìm thấy các liên kết đến các nhà cung cấp khác nhau.
    Bạn có thể chọn cái mà bạn thích nhất.
    Một lần nữa, cuốn sách có tên là “Protocols, an Operating Manual for the Human Body.”
    Và nếu bạn chưa theo dõi tôi trên mạng xã hội, tôi là Huberman Lab trên tất cả các nền tảng mạng xã hội.
    Đó là Instagram, X, Threads, Facebook và LinkedIn.
    Và trên tất cả các nền tảng đó, tôi thảo luận về khoa học và các công cụ liên quan đến khoa học, một số trong đó có sự trùng lắp với nội dung của podcast Huberman Lab, nhưng nhiều phần còn lại thì khác với thông tin trên podcast Huberman Lab.
    Một lần nữa, đó là Huberman Lab trên tất cả các nền tảng mạng xã hội.
    Và nếu bạn chưa đăng ký bản tin Neural Network của chúng tôi, bản tin Neural Network là một bản tin hàng tháng không tốn tiền bao gồm tóm tắt podcast, cũng như những gì chúng tôi gọi là các giao thức dưới dạng PDF từ một đến ba trang bao gồm mọi thứ từ cách tối ưu hóa giấc ngủ của bạn, cách tối ưu hóa dopamine, phơi lạnh có chủ đích.
    Chúng tôi có một giao thức thể chất cơ bản.
    Chúng tôi có một giao thức thể chất cơ bản bao gồm tập luyện tim mạch và tập luyện kháng lực.
    Tất cả những điều đó hoàn toàn miễn phí.
    Bạn chỉ cần truy cập HubermanLab.com, vào tab menu ở góc trên bên phải, cuộn xuống bản tin và nhập email của bạn.
    Và tôi nên nhấn mạnh rằng chúng tôi không chia sẻ email của bạn với bất kỳ ai.
    Cảm ơn bạn một lần nữa vì đã tham gia cuộc trò chuyện hôm nay với Alan Aragon.
    Và cuối cùng, nhưng chắc chắn không kém phần quan trọng, cảm ơn bạn vì sự quan tâm của bạn đến khoa học.
    Và như tôi đã đề cập ở đầu tập hôm nay, chúng tôi hiện đang hợp tác với các bổ sung Momentus vì họ làm ra các công thức với thành phần đơn lẻ có chất lượng tuyệt đối và họ giao hàng quốc tế.
    Nếu bạn truy cập livemomentus.com slash Huberman, bạn sẽ tìm thấy nhiều sản phẩm bổ sung đã được thảo luận trên nhiều tập của podcast Huberman Lab, và bạn sẽ tìm thấy nhiều giao thức liên quan đến những sản phẩm bổ sung đó.
    歡迎來到 Huberman 實驗室播客,我們在這裡討論科學和基於科學的日常生活工具。
    我是安德魯·霍伯曼(Andrew Huberman),是史丹佛醫學院神經生物學和眼科的教授。
    今天的嘉賓是艾倫·阿拉貢(Alan Aragon)。
    艾倫·阿拉貢是健身和營養領域中最具影響力和受人尊敬的人物之一。
    造成這種情況的原因在於他對基於證據的信息的嚴格依賴,以及他共同撰寫了一些最受引用和受尊重的營養和健身研究和評論。
    他的專業知識涵蓋男女的營養和訓練,以及任何尋求更好健康、減脂、肌肉和力量增長的人。
    在今天的節目中,我們涵蓋了所有這些以及更多。
    艾倫闡明了有關種子油的神話和事實,是否空腹鍛煉有助於脂肪燃燒,低卡路里和人造甜味劑,糖,酒精,膠原蛋白等等。
    艾倫還解釋了如何確定你實際的蛋白質需求。
    儘管現在有很多關於蛋白質的討論,但實際上仍然存在很多混淆。
    他討論了進餐時間、蛋白質和碳水化合物攝入相對於你的訓練的真實科學,女性的荷爾蒙週期如何影響她們的訓練和營養需求,以及任何人如何進行身體成分變化的飲食和訓練。
    如今,網上以及同行評審文獻中有如此多的建議和信息,這使得任何尋求理解並實行實現健身和身體成分目標真正重要的事情的人都非常具挑戰性。
    如果有任何一位基於同行評審數據的實用理性聲音,並且願意承認個體差異和對健身和營養的偏好的話,那就是艾倫·阿拉貢。
    今天他將這些信息與我們分享,並明確且可行地告訴我們什麼真的有效。
    感謝艾倫。
    在今天的節目結束時,您將掌握最新和最佳的營養和健身知識,並可以應用於日常生活。
    在開始之前,我想強調這個播客與我在史丹佛的教學和研究角色是分開的。
    不過,這是我希望和努力向公眾提供零成本科學和科學相關工具信息的一部分。
    為了呼應這個主題,今天的節目中確實包括了贊助商。
    現在讓我們開始與艾倫·阿拉貢的討論。
    艾倫·阿拉貢,歡迎你的到來。
    安德魯,能在這裡真是太棒了。
    真的是一種讓人振奮的感覺。
    這不是誇張,我真的是非常興奮,謝謝你邀請我上節目。
    是的,透過我們的在線通訊,我從你那裡學到了很多。
    我們以前曾經見過一次面。
    讓我們來談一些重要的,可付諸行動的主題,因為這正是我如此喜愛你工作的原因。
    這澄清了外面存在的許多混淆。
    我認為你工作的特徵之一就是這種澄清。
    我們先從很多人都聽過的觀念開始,即我們每餐只能吸收 30 克蛋白質。
    簡單的問題是,什麼算作一餐?
    比如說我吃了 30 克蛋白質,然後一小時後又吃了 30 克蛋白質,這算我吃了兩頓餐嗎?
    我可以在每餐中吸收 30 克嗎?
    在某些情況下,我能吸收超過 30 克蛋白質嗎?
    那麼,這個蛋白質吸收的事情到底是怎麼回事?
    好吧,你在問題中闡明了其中一個問題。
    我們是說孤立的、快速消化的蛋白質嗎?
    還是說更慢消化的蛋白質?
    還是說在碳水化合物、脂肪、纖維的混合宏觀營養餐中任何一種情況?
    所有這些條件都改變了生理上會發生的情況。
    因此,這個“每餐最多 25 克蛋白質”的觀念來源於兩個不同概念的混淆。
    首先是整體身體層面的消化和利用,蛋白質在不同系統中有各種代謝命運,以及身體的各種內穩態需求。
    然後是肌肉合成反應或肌肉蛋白合成的特定現象。
    所以,我們必須分開討論一般的消化和吸收與肌肉蛋白合成。
    這 25-30 克的界限,通常有些人說是 20 克。
    這具體是指肌肉蛋白合成,在這裡似乎在約 25 克或 30 克處出現了平臺。
    直到 2016 年,當麥克·諾頓(McNaughton)及其同事比較了 20 克蛋白質和 40 克蛋白質時,我們才了解到這一點。
    但與以前的研究人員以較低的訓練量進行訓練的方式不同,比如 8 到 12 組的腿部運動,這樣是有意義的。
    所以,這在某種意義上更具生態有效性,因為他們試圖反映現實世界中訓練方案的實際情況,特別是對於那些試圖增肌並真正引發這種合成反應的人來說。
    當他們進行這項實驗,並比較了 20 克與 40 克的蛋白質時,40 克蛋白質實際上產生了比 20 克更高的肌肉蛋白合成反應。
    而這直到 2016 年,我們才弄明白這一點。
    隨後一系列研究進一步推進,證明了肌肉蛋白合成在 20 克或 25 克時停止增長這一觀點的錯誤。
    而現在——也有一些有趣的最近研究。
    記得最高達到 100 克。
    這正是我想提到的那項研究。
    這段文字是由 Joran Tromelin 和他的同事們提出的,他們比較了運動後 25 克劑量和 100 克劑量的效應。他們使用了一種消化較慢的蛋白質。使用的乳清蛋白中有 80% 是酪蛋白,這是一種消化緩慢的蛋白質,20% 是快速消化的乳清蛋白。因此,主要是消化較慢的蛋白質。結果顯示,100 克劑量相比於 25 克劑量,肌肉蛋白合成顯著增加。但我對這項研究的主要議題是,他們真的非常需要包含一個中等劑量的比較,以察看在 40 或 50 克的劑量下,MPS 是否會出現平台期。因為有大量其他研究顯示,在 30 到 50 克之間會出現這種平台期。所以,我希望 Joran 等人在研究中加入一個中等劑量的比較。也許未來會有相關的研究。
    讓我先暫停一下,問幾個問題。好的。如果你可以對人們在抗阻訓練後的蛋白質攝取量給出一個普遍的建議,暫時將有氧訓練放在一旁,抗阻訓練後,你會建議多少克呢?是 20、30、50 還是 100 克?應該根據體重來調整嗎?如果目標是增強肌肉蛋白合成,那麼在訓練後多久應該攝取這些蛋白質?
    為了最大化肌肉蛋白合成,無論是運動後還是在休息或禁食狀態下,運動後的蛋白質劑量會比在休息或禁食時產生更高的 MPS。為了最大化 MPS,我們其實沒有發現超過 50 克的劑量,30 到 50 克左右就足夠了。我的同事 Brad Schoenfeld 和我搜尋了大量文獻,並撰寫了一篇關於每餐最大合成蛋白劑量的論文,目的是為了肌肉增長。我們將其總結為每公斤體重 0.4 至 0.6 克。因此用自由單位來計算,就是每磅 0.2 至 0.25 克。這似乎是最大化肌肉蛋白合成的最佳範圍。
    0.2 至 0.5 克每磅,對的,就是 0.2 到 0.25。是 0.25。好的。那麼如果你的體重是以磅計算,最大化每餐肌肉蛋白合成的話,就大約是你體重四分之一的克數。每次用於肌肉蛋白合成的,對,就是每餐。
    好的,抱歉,因為我認為許多人,包括我自己,會問那麼這僅限於運動後的那一餐嗎?我是說,我早上起來,試著在吃早餐前進行鍛鍊,因為我喜歡這樣做。有時我會攝取一點蛋白質。但是就簡化的情況而言,假設有兩種情況:一種是他們在前兩個小時內進行了抗阻訓練,並嘗試評估那餐要吃多少蛋白質以最大化肌肉蛋白合成;另一種是他們在沒有進行抗阻訓練的日子進行獨立的用餐,對吧?然後作為不進行抗阻訓練的餐點的常規範例,在大約兩小時的時間內,這兩頓不同的餐應該攝取多少蛋白質呢?
    對此的回答,老實說,真的是太奇怪了,Andrew。真的嗎?為什麼會這麼奇怪?這真的很奇怪,並且相當複雜。哦。因為,如果我們追溯到 2003、2004 年,再向前推進 20 年。John Ivey 和 Robert Portman 出版了這本書,叫做《營養時機》,他們專注於這個窄小的運動後機會窗口,他們稱其為合成窗口。這個概念是你需要攝取蛋白質和快速消化的碳水化合物。所以一種快速消化的蛋白質,迅速的,並且是高升糖、高胰島素的碳水化合物來源,在運動後的 30 到 60 分鐘內一起食用,以最大化合成反應、促進恢復,然後最大化你的肌肉增長。這是他們的假設。這一切都是基於那些在過夜禁食後進行訓練的受試者。
    所以,當你在運動前或任何時間攝取一餐——假設是一頓普通的綜合餐,大小適中,這頓餐的合成/抗分解效應將持續三到六小時,這取決於餐的大小。因此,當你的首要目標是以最快的速度增加肌肉時,你幾乎不會在禁食狀態下訓練。你會在運動前的某一時刻進餐,至少是在運動前幾個小時。因此,當你訓練時,實際上在運動期間你仍然有這些底物在循環中。像是如果某人在運動前一小時吃了一餐,他們在運動後仍然在吸收那頓運動前的餐食。所以我們把這整個運動後的時期視為並不一定具有外部有效性。這與不在禁食狀態下訓練的實際訓練條件無關。因此,我們做了幾件事情。首先,我們寫了一篇敘事評述,批評運動後的合成窗口,這是在 2013 年。我們有點惹惱了所有在該領域做過關鍵研究的研究者。我能感受到其中的主題。就是這樣。然後,我們實際上對已存在的文獻進行了一次元分析,針對合成窗口這個問題進行研究。對於聽眾來說,元分析是研究研究的過程。你收集所有針對特定問題的研究,然後看看效果大小,從而了解證據的傾向,是否有顯著或有意義的影響。然後我們進行了這次元分析。我們收集了比較在運動前或運動後一小時內進行蛋白質時間處理的研究,以及對照組研究必須在訓練時間的兩側有至少兩個小時的營養忽略。因此,我們收集了所有比較這些條件的研究。我們找到了位於該項目中的一位出色的統計學家,James Krieger。他負責運行回歸分析。基本上,我們發現只要總的日常蛋白質約為 1.66,1。
    每公斤體重7克,大約每磅0.7克,只要每天攝取的總蛋白質量達到此數或更多,則訓練前後的攝取時間就不重要了。這對人們來說很重要,因為我聽起來的結論非常簡單:你不必過度關注訓練後的同化窗口,特別是如果你在訓練前有進食的話。是的,因為此時你的體內有營養素在循環。
    現在,如果你在晚上8點吃了最後一口食物,早上7點起床,然後在上午10點訓練,那麼當你完成腿部訓練或其他阻力訓練時,你可能會想優先攝取一些蛋白質和其他營養素。基本上你所說的,現在聽起來是如此合理:你的身體內有營養素在循環,並且儲存於你的肝糖中,所以你是在從一個儲備中提取。禁食並不一定意味著飢餓。
    一般的經驗法則是,如果你在訓練結束時還在打嗝你的訓練前餐,那麼你不需要急著去補充。這就是為什麼我在訓練前不喜歡攝入任何東西的原因,除了咖啡因、電解質和水。關於這個問題的奇怪而複雜的答案是,單次的阻力訓練會引發一系列有趣的情況,導致肌肉蛋白質合成在阻力訓練後24小時達到高峰。而且需要長達48到72小時才能回落到基線水平,也就是說,沒有進行阻力訓練的情況。因此,同化窗口實際上不是幾個小時,而是幾天。
    這更像是一個確保你攝取蛋白質的問題。首先,最重要的是每天的總蛋白質攝取量。這是個重要的層級。如果你的總蛋白質攝取正確,那麼各個成分的攝取時間只是次要的考量,甚至即使只分配到兩餐中。比如說,我早上訓練,或許在訓練前喝一杯咖啡和一勺蛋白質奶昔,像是用一些乳清蛋白,加幾顆杏仁來減緩消化。訓練後,我可能到下午3點才吃飯,假設我只訓練一小時,然後在下午3點我吃了一小塊雞胸肉和一份沙拉,也許再加一片麵包,因為我在忙碌之中。然後那天晚上我回到家,肚子餓了,吃了兩塊肋眼牛排。我在此誇張一下,我不會那樣做,我想這樣做,但我並不會。
    這兩塊肋眼牛排可能提供你75克甚至100克的蛋白質和其他許多營養素。你能利用這些進行肌肉蛋白質合成嗎?簡短的回答是可以。更詳細的回答是,讓我告訴你幾個研究。
    好的,讓我以稍微不同的方式問你這個問題。不是要減少對研究的強調,因為這正是你在這裡的原因。但是偶爾攝取一餐高或非常高的蛋白質是否有什麼問題呢?尤其是如果你整天食用或攝取的蛋白質不多的話。我問這個問題的原因是基於實際考量。很多人發現全天均勻分配蛋白質很困難,很多人還發現中午或早上的餐點中獲得足夠的蛋白質也很困難。
    這是可以做到的,我知道人們會說,你應該吃一些雞蛋和蛋白質,有很多方法可以做到。當然。但是至少在這個國家,大多數人傾向於將晚餐視為最大的一餐,無論如何。你通常可以在餐廳訂到高品質、高蛋白的食物,比如牛排、雞胸肉、魚等。因此,很多人在一天結束時大量攝取蛋白質。假設卡路里負擔適當等,這樣做在體成分和健康的角度上有根本上的問題嗎?我會說沒有。
    而且這裡面有層次的,對吧?我們是在看哪一類人群?我們是在看那些試圖在健美比賽中獲勝的男孩們嗎?不,我們談論的是男女,以及年輕到75歲的人,他們試圖通過結合阻力訓練和希望也進行一些心肺訓練來保持健康,努力達成步數目標。我們所談論的是一般大眾,而不是那些試圖贏得健美比賽或跑馬拉松或超馬的人。
    好吧,總的來說,沒有。我想要稍微闡明一下。因此,我和我的同事們進行了一項研究,測試這個同化窗口的理論。這是在2014年,我們測試了訓練前即時攝取25克乳清蛋白和訓練後即時攝取25克乳清蛋白。我們進行了為期10周的實驗。是的,10周。8或10周,應該是10周。結果發現兩種情況下並沒有顯著的優勢。我們的想法是,大家都在談論訓練後的同化窗口。因此,若有機會在最佳時機內攝取營養以滋養渴望的肌肉,你就應該專注於體內循環的營養可用性,而不是實際攝取的時間。因為這些營養物質需要一段時間才能在循環中達到高峰,通常是在你攝取之後的一到兩小時。
    所以我們不如在訓練前立即攝取蛋白質,然後它會在大約一小時後進入血液,這樣你就會恰好在同化窗口內。所以我們並沒有看到立即訓練前攝取蛋白質和立即訓練後攝取蛋白質的任何優勢。這是在2014年。所以快進到2024年左右,23、24年。我的一位同事,Yasin Lak,他採用了我們的前後模型,並對其進行了隨機對照試驗的版本。
    但他想要利用訓練時段前後進一步忽略蛋白質的可能性。因而他比較了在抵抗訓練之前和之後立即攝取 25 克蛋白質的情況,與另一組在抵抗訓練前後三小時完全忽略所有營養素的情況。每日蛋白質的總需求量在每磅體重接近一克(每千克約兩克)之間最佳化。在這個為期 10 或 12 週的研究結束時,肌肉的大小和力量增長並沒有顯著差異,也沒有有意義的差異。這讓我感到非常安心。我的意思是,我的日程繁忙,很多人也是如此,有時在訓練前我會感到有點餓,我想要一勺蛋白質粉,我會想,哦,訓練前空腹是否更好——我們會討論各種原因是否訓練空腹更好。有時候人們不喜歡空腹訓練。有時候人們不喜歡在訓練後立即吃東西。有時候你訓練完後必須沖澡,然後去吃晚餐,或者沖澡後開會,而你沒有機會在所謂的合成代謝窗口期內進食。因此,我從所有這些答案中聽到的,若我有誤請糾正我,是你攝取蛋白質的時間上有很大的靈活性,但整體的蛋白質需求似乎在每磅體重 0.7 到 1 克之間,每日總攝取量大致在那裡。如果某餐中的蛋白質攝取量稍微高於 20 或 30 克,那你是沒問題的。如果稍微低於這個數量,應該也還是沒問題的。但是我認為需要強調的一點是,大多數人未曾提及的,就是在循環中的物質與何時攝取的區別。就像我們喜歡想著喝下 30 克蛋白質,或吃雞胸肉、牛排,或吃雞蛋,那些氨基酸突然可用。現在你描述的讓我更明白的是,先吃的確使這些氨基酸在幾小時後為肌肉所用。而我們並沒有以這種方式學習,所以我非常感謝你這樣提出。我意識到我們可能會無限深入討論蛋白質需求。這樣想吧。我喜歡這樣說:每日總蛋白質就像蛋糕。蛋白質的具體攝入時間與訓練的關係,就像蛋糕上的糖霜,而那只是一層非常薄的糖霜。我想先稍作休息,感謝我們的一位贊助商,Carbon。Carbon 是由營養專家 Dr. Lane Norton 開發的飲食指導應用程式。我已經使用 Carbon 超過三年,必須說,作為一名在健身和營養方面已有三十多年興趣的人,這是我遇到過最強大的營養指導和有效管理體重的工具之一。尤其是如果你的目標像我一樣,是維持或增長肌肉,同時減少脂肪。現在,我即將在九月滿 50 歲,雖然我認為自己身體還不錯,我也訓練了很長時間,並努力飲食,但我其中一個目標是以我一生中最好的狀態迎接 50 歲。為了達到這點,我正在使用 Carbon 調整我的飲食,以增加我的肌肉量、提升力量,同時減少體脂。過去幾年我經常向朋友、家人和我的 Huberman 實驗室團隊成員推薦 Carbon 應用程式,而所有與我一起使用的人都覺得它非常有用。事實上,其中一些人將與我一起迎接接近 50 歲的健身和體能目標。我的生日是9月26日,所以如果你想改善你的體型和健康,歡迎加入我使用 Carbon 應用程式。現在市面上有很多針對健身和營養的應用程式,但 Carbon 的不同之處在於它不只是給你一個通用的計畫。它會隨著時間學習你的新陳代謝,並根據你的成效調整你的計畫。它還允許你在飲食上具有完全的靈活性。如果你是以植物為基礎的,或者你是生酮飲食,或高碳水化合物、低碳水化合物,甚至如果你在不同的飲食間來回切換,Carbon 都可以圍繞你的喜好運行。我喜歡 Carbon 的另一個方面是,它可以輕鬆適應你的飲食方式,不管你是喜歡逐一輸入特定品牌和確切的盎司或克數,還是比較隨意,比如說吃了半把杏仁等,Carbon 都能學習並調整,並仍然給你準確的建議。所以如果你想更智能、更個性化地看待你的飲食,我非常推薦 Carbon 應用程式。想試用 Carbon,你可以訪問 joincarbon.com/Huberman。雖然 Carbon 通常不提供試用或促銷,但他們已同意為所有 Huberman 播客的聽眾提供七天免費試用。再次說明,請訪問 joincarbon.com/Huberman 獲取七天免費試用。今天的節目還由 Wealthfront 贊助。我已經使用 Wealthfront 進行儲蓄和投資快十年了,我非常喜愛它。在每年開始時,我都設立新的目標。而我在 2025 年的目標之一是專注於儲蓄。自從我使用 Wealthfront,我將這筆儲蓄放在 Wealthfront 現金帳戶中,在那裡我可以獲得 4% 的年利率收益,而你也可以。使用 Wealthfront,你可以從合作銀行獲得 4% 年利率的現金,直到你準備好花用或投資那筆錢。使用 Wealthfront,你還可以每天免費快速提取至合資格帳戶,即使在週末和假日期間,也是如此。
    4% 年利率並非促銷利率,並且您可以存入和賺取的金額不受限制。
    您甚至可以通過 Wealthfront 的合作銀行獲得高達 800 萬美元的 FDIC 保險保護。
    Wealthfront 提供免費的即時提款,將您的資金轉移到符合條件的外部帳戶僅需幾分鐘。
    當您準備投資時,將現金從現金帳戶轉移到 Wealthfront 的任何自動投資帳戶也僅需幾分鐘。
    目前已有百萬人使用 Wealthfront 來更多地儲蓄、賺取更多、並建立長期財富。
    今天就用現金賺取 4% 的年利率。
    如果您希望嘗試 Wealthfront,請訪問 Wealthfront.com/Huberman,首次開立現金帳戶時,存入 500 美元可獲得 50 美元的免費獎金。
    就是 Wealthfront.com/Huberman,立即開始。
    這是一則 Wealthfront 的付費見證。
    Wealthfront 券商並非銀行。
    年利率可能會有所變動。
    欲了解更多信息,請參閱節目說明。
    讓我們談談禁食訓練,以及它是否真的能燃燒更多的體脂肪。
    在這裡,我們擴展這個話題,包括心血管訓練。
    當然,這是一個廣泛的領域。
    它可以是長時間的慢跑。
    也可以是高強度間歇訓練。
    任何故意將心跳提升 12 分鐘或更長時間的訓練,都是我所定義的訓練。
    所以讓我們廣泛定義訓練。
    它可以是抗阻訓練、循環訓練、全身訓練、分部訓練等等。
    讓我們把所有這些都納入。
    並且讓我們定義禁食為在中午不吃四小時或不吃八小時至十二小時,包括前一晚的睡眠,對吧?
    因為人們會說,等等,我禁食了,因為我不吃午餐。
    然後我嘗試,好的,這情況會變得非常模糊。
    我們可以在這裡花費 26 小時,但我們不想這樣做。
    所以假設一個人在禁食狀態下訓練,是否會燃燒更多的體內儲存脂肪,特別是,
    或者僅僅是燃燒更多的飲食脂肪,如果體內有循環和可用的飲食脂肪?
    我們就稱之為脂質。
    我認為當我們聽到脂肪這個詞時,人們會想到體脂肪,但還有飲食脂肪。
    所以請您區分這兩者。
    好的。
    所以想像一下。
    想像兩個人攝取完全相同的飲食,飲食完全一致。
    到一天結束時,相同的宏觀營養,每樣食物的選擇都是門檻。
    其中一個人或一組,假設我們正在進行一項研究,好的?
    其中一組在真正的後吸收禁食狀態下訓練,禁食 8 到 10 小時,什麼都不吃。
    他們在訓練期間會燃燒更多脂肪。
    是身體脂肪嗎?
    是的。
    他們會燃燒更多的體脂肪。
    他們會燃燒更多的肌肉內脂肪。
    他們的淨脂肪氧化將比有吃早餐的那組更高。
    而吃早餐的那組在訓練期間基本上會燃燒他們的早餐。
    所以,是的,在訓練中,禁食組的脂肪燃燒更大。
    但我們再次明確,我們正在看兩組人都消耗相同的飲食。
    所以,吃了早餐的那組在一天後半段將會攝取較少的食物,也就是少一餐。
    因此,他們在一天後半段的脂肪氧化將偏高。
    所以,到了一天結束時,這一切是平衡的。
    這就是禁食訓練的主要問題和原則,確實在訓練期間燃燒更多脂肪。
    但您看的是一天當中的一個時間快照,而不是一天的整體情況。
    但是,您知道嗎?
    這是一個在 80 年代末到 90 年代初持續存在的大想法。
    甚至在 2000 年代時,比爾·菲利普斯推出《生活的身體》和其他東西時。
    他在禁食有氧運動上很活躍。
    因此,如果您認識的科學家能夠將您牽涉進來並幫助您研究這些問題,這種傳說是相當酷的。
    所以,再次感謝您,布拉德·施恩菲爾德,他想要測試這一假設。
    我們招募了大學年齡的參與者,女性,並比較了禁食有氧運動和進食有氧運動。
    當時的主要傳說是脂肪燃燒區,對吧?
    所以我們談論的是低至中等強度的有氧運動,這些運動持續不到一小時。
    我們比較了在有氧運動前的即時進食,這是一種標準化的——它像是一種餐替代品,與有氧運動後攝取相同餐食的情況。
    然後我們測量了身體組成——人們批評這項研究持續了四週。
    但是,看看——
    進行人類研究是很困難的。
    我做過。
    我在人的研究中進行過臨床試驗。
    進行長期研究尤為困難,尤其是涉及營養和訓練。
    是的。
    這非常艱難。
    所以,對您進行研究表示尊重。
    您不會因這四週的研究受到我的批評。
    很好,很好。
    但我欣賞您提到研究持續時間,因為在徹底性上,您以此為特點,這是人們應該了解的。
    是的。
    這是唯一的幾項研究之一,專注於這個問題並控制攝取熱量。
    我實際上手動整理了所有研究,根據每位參與者的需求進行定制,確保熱量足夠低,確保蛋白質得到優化。
    有趣的是,研究中並未包括抗阻訓練。
    他們只是進行有氧運動。
    兩組參與者都保持了肌肉量,但兩組都顯著減少了體脂肪。
    研究結束時,兩組在體脂肪減少方面沒有差異,無論是進食訓練還是禁食訓練,這是因為我們平衡了兩組的總體營養。
    你再次提到的主題是大學年齡的女性。
    對,大學年齡的女性。
    那麼心血管運動是什麼?
    訓練是什麼?
    我問這個的原因是,令人印象深刻的是,如果她們攝取適當的熱量,那她們都減少了體脂肪。
    無論她們在運動時分配這些熱量的時間如何都無所謂。
    而且她們維持了瘦體重。
    如果她們沒有進行阻力訓練,我就對心血管訓練足以讓她們維持瘦體重感到印象深刻。
    心血管運動是什麼?
    是低到中等強度的訓練,可以稱為第二區域的心臟運動,這樣你仍然可以進行對話,但不一定是華爾滋。
    整個理念是進入燃脂區。
    我們想利用燃脂區的概念,將強度保持在低至中等,以便讓空腹心臟訓練有機會展示其潛在的效果。
    但是這裡的實際結論是,首先,我們沒有看到空腹心臟組別有大量瘦體重的減少,因為有一個說法是,嘿,你最好不要空腹訓練。
    你知道,不管怎樣,你最好不要空腹進行心臟訓練,因為你會失去肌肉。
    但她們沒有失去任何瘦體重。
    當我們從這些發現中得出實用的結論時,我們可以說,如果你喜歡空腹訓練,並且在空腹狀態下進行心臟訓練會讓你感覺更好,那就很好,繼續空腹訓練。
    如果你無法忍受空腹心臟訓練,並且更願意提前吃早餐,那就去做吧。
    只要知道,只要到一天結束或一周結束時你是淨低熱量的,這不會妨礙你的減脂努力。
    而且,我的意思是,這些建議可以根據你做的心臟訓練類型而改變,特別是更高強度的運動或當然涉及耐力表現元素的競技類型運動。
    但這是我們研究的結論:空腹與進食心臟訓練並沒有區別。
    根據個人偏好來進行即可。
    我太喜歡這個了。
    經過這麼多年趨勢的變化,空腹訓練,還是不空腹訓練,似乎就像蛋白質一樣,我從你那裡學到的就是時間上有比我們想像的更多的靈活性。
    但當然,絕對的熱量是重要的。
    優先考慮蛋白質是重要的。
    還有,你仍然必須訓練。
    你必須做些什麼。
    我可以補充這一點,因為我知道你會欣賞這一點。
    我不會選擇性地解釋我們的研究,也不會說這是最終的結果。
    其實幾年後還有一項更晚的元分析,我想是Hagstrom和Hackett,他們研究了空腹與進食訓練。
    他們總體上發現,在身體成分改善和減脂方面,空腹與進食條件之間沒有顯著差異或優勢。
    只要兩組的總營養攝取相等。
    太好了。
    這讓我感到非常興奮,我相信這會讓每個人都有同樣的感受,因為這表明有靈活性,有靈活性,有靈活性。
    生活是複雜的,所以更多的靈活性是好的。
    但令人失望的是,如果你在尋找魔法,想要尋找那種特別的小方法 – 嗯,也許魔法在於持之以恆的訓練。
    營養,包括蛋白質,以及認識到有靈活性。
    最近我有個想法,那些在我們健康中佔90%差異的事情,比如睡眠、運動、營養、光照、壓力管理、關係等等,都是我們在生活中90%的時間內必須要做的事情。
    這就是為什麼這些問題會持續引發如此多的討論。
    這就是為什麼這不僅僅是基本要素就結束了。
    因為我們每天必須做的事情往往需要每天被提醒。
    那麼,根據你的看法,為什麼蛋白質如此關鍵,為何蛋白質應被視為良好營養的基石,特別是如果一個人試圖消耗熱量以保持或甚至減少一點體脂肪,同時可能維持或增加肌肉。
    但目前我們先不討論肌肉增加的問題。
    我們就說維持肌肉。
    但許多人希望減少幾個百分比的體脂肪。
    為什麼蛋白質對這一過程如此關鍵?
    為什麼熱量進入與進出之間確實有其定律,但蛋白質如此重要?
    主要有幾個要點需要記住,還有可能的第三個小要點。
    對於蛋白質和身體組成,最大的關鍵是,蛋白質能直接支援瘦體重。
    它能直接支援身體的所有瘦組織,特別是骨骼肌。
    而骨骼肌基本上是我們可以控制的代謝引擎。
    它管理我們身體的燃料使用。
    因此,支持骨骼肌是至關重要的。
    而蛋白質可以直接做到這一點。
    蛋白質的飽腹感比碳水化合物和脂肪更強。
    所以它是最具飽腹感的宏觀營養素。
    第三個小細節是,它在人體內的代謝成本或加工成本最高。
    因此,它是人體內最低能量的宏觀營養素加工成本最高的。
    所以它具有更高的所謂熱效應。
    這基本上就是為什麼蛋白質對身體組成改善、高質量減重和減脂如此關鍵的三個主要原因。
    這些都是很好的理由。
    那麼關於蛋白質質量的階層呢?
    我會把蛋白質質量想像成蛋白質的質量,這意味著氨基酸的類型和比例,以及相對於獲取這些氨基酸所需攝入的熱量的可用性。
    因為老實說,我對於這些植物性食品中含有大量優質蛋白質的說法感到有些厭倦和略微不滿。我會想,真的嗎?你必須攝取 2000 卡路里的植物或穀物,才能獲得與例如四盎司牛排相當的氨基酸組成。而這不是一個道德上認為動物蛋白更好的論點。我只是說,在攝取的卡路里相同的情況下,我覺得動物蛋白質是較優的。但告訴我數據是怎麼說的。
    當然,這是一個引發熱議的話題。我們的觀眾很堅強。他們能承受得住。好吧,大家,系好安全帶,請做好準備。所以按克計算,作為一個群體,動物蛋白質的品質更高。它們更具同化性,含有更高比例的必需氨基酸,並且在驅動同化作用最強的氨基酸方面,支鏈氨基酸(特別是亮氨酸)的數量和比例也更高。而在大多數文獻中,當你直接比較動物和植物蛋白質時,你會看到更高的肌肉蛋白合成。而肌肉蛋白合成可以作為一個短期指標,可能顯示出隨著時間增長的增長趨勢,我們必須查看是否能通過這些長期試驗來證實,這些實驗持續數週和數月,以看是否在增加肌肉質量或力量方面,動物蛋白質比植物蛋白質更有優越性。
    因此,已經有很多研究在比較動物與植物蛋白質。有趣的是,動物蛋白確實在這方面佔有優勢,這已經在幾個荟萃分析中報導過。其中一項研究比較了乳清蛋白與大豆蛋白,並未發現其在同化性方面有驚人的差異。因此,我們可以將大豆視為一種高品質的蛋白質。但當你查看單獨的研究時,乳清蛋白在某些方面仍然有優勢,因為荟萃分析只是將數據匯總到一個結論中。因此,查看單獨的研究同樣重要。
    接下來的故事會變得有趣。有兩項研究比較了完全的素食方案,這是文獻中缺少的。通常我們會取兩組雜食者,並用乳清蛋白進行補充,然後將另一組補充某種植物蛋白,比如豌豆蛋白。是的,豌豆蛋白有趣的是,它在一項研究中超越了乳清蛋白。在2015年的這項研究中,豌豆蛋白的補充在增厚肌肉方面超過了乳清蛋白。我看到這一點真的很難過,因為我在比較它,然後想,哦,天哪。我們在這裡做什麼?那項研究尚未被重複。
    但是,好吧,接下來的有趣部分。我們終於有研究來比較完全素食的飲食,一組完全素食者,飲食中沒有任何動物產品,與雜食者組。並讓他們進行為期12週的抗阻訓練方案。這是由洛蘭和同事們完成的,這是幾年前的事了。因此,他們在兩組中將蛋白質優化或至少調整到每公斤體重每天1.6克的最佳基準。好吧。但是這項研究的獨特之處在於,我們第一次比較素食者與雜食者。因此,在12週結束時,兩組在肌肉大小和力量增長方面沒有顯著差異,儘管他們參加了進階的抗阻訓練程序。這是等熱量的。等熱量的。這意味著,對於那些不知道這是什麼意思的人,在素食與雜食者組中,每天的熱量攝入總數相同。是的,沒錯。等熱量、等宏量營養素,等等,所有的東西在宏量營養方面都是相等的。大小和力量的增長沒有顯著差異。他們推測,哦,順便說一下,素食者組的蛋白質攝入量提高到了每公斤1.6克或每磅0.7克。這是通過大豆蛋白補充提高的。因此,顯然,我們開始看到,在攝入每天總蛋白質為每公斤1.6克的情況下,完全的素食組在肌肉大小和力量增長方面能夠趕上雜食者組,至少在這項研究的條件下,至少在這12周內,以及至少在那些未必是高水平運動員的參與者中。
    所以你可以——如果你適當地規劃,你可以遵循素食飲食,只要你攝取每磅體重0.7克的蛋白質。而且奇怪的是,整體的素食飲食含有明顯較少的必需氨基酸和支鏈氨基酸的含量。但顯然,抗阻訓練的刺激足夠強大,使得蛋白質的影響幾乎是次要的。有趣的是。是的。回到運動可能是所有事物的主要杠杆。哦,好吧,我會說,睡眠我認為是長期的主要杠杆。我同意,夥伴。是的。但我會說這一點,因為然後人們會認為如果他們睡了一個不好的一晚就不訓練。不知道你是否熟悉最近的研究顯示,當前一晚只睡五小時或更少時,你可以通過訓練來抵消所產生的炎症。透過訓練。透過運動。是的,是的。你只是不要養成這樣的習慣。但如果你——說起來容易做起來難,我知道。如果你猶豫要不要因為睡眠不足而訓練,訓練吧。但理想情況下不要這樣做超過每週一到兩天。而且最好是睡得好再訓練。
    但是—
    我知道你正在準備迎接下一個挑戰。
    我想提到的,是我剛剛談到的這項研究並不是一次性的。
    幾年後,Monteen 和同事們做了相同的實驗,但他們為素食組使用了真菌蛋白。
    真菌蛋白。
    這是一種基於真菌的蛋白質。
    所以你可能見過那個——我想是在 Netflix 或 HBO 上的《最後生還者》,那裡的真菌讓人變得合成代謝?
    我還沒有看過。
    我還沒有看過。
    這正是這個。
    這正是這個。
    它基於這個。
    我在開一個有關虛構節目的玩笑。
    觀眾中有些人會笑或者認為我剛剛講了最糟糕的爹地笑話。
    但是這是一種基於真菌的蛋白質。
    從商業上來說,它被稱為玉米。
    所以就是 Q-U-O-R-N。
    好的。
    這是一種不幸的奇怪產品,價格相對昂貴。
    因此,植物基或無動物成分組的蛋白質攝取量是通過這種真菌蛋白來提高的。
    然後他們與攝取混合蛋白來源的雜食者進行了比較。
    根據這項研究的結果,我相信這是一個為期 12 週的研究,肌肉大小和力量的增加並沒有顯著差異。
    你知道,漸進式阻力訓練方案,再次強調,並不一定是高訓練水平的人,但我們基本上看到了相同的結果。
    只要每日總蛋白質攝取量達標,那麼顯然無動物組別可以和雜食者平起平坐,至少在這項研究的條件下是這樣的。
    所以我總是懷疑地看待這些事情。
    但這種真菌蛋白在這項先於此項縱向研究的急性研究中,對肌肉蛋白合成的表現也超過了牛奶蛋白。
    因此,我們可以看看一些奇怪的東西,除了動物蛋白之外,這些東西也可能同樣具有合成代謝的特性。
    所以,是的,這就是關於動物與植物或真菌基蛋白的故事。
    所以,是的,我不得不提到 Monteen。
    這真有趣。
    你知道,我想當人們聽到豆類的時候,對豆類的攻擊已經持續了很多年。
    我避免食用它,並不是因為任何具體的原因,而是因為我更喜歡其他卡路里的來源。
    我喜歡肉類、莓果和雞蛋這些東西。
    但有趣的是,當你在合適的條件下真正對這些工程蛋白、豆類蛋白和豌豆蛋白進行測試時,它們的表現似乎在每克上能與動物蛋白相媲美。
    不過你提到,飽腹感是個關鍵因素。
    我很好奇這項研究是否測量了這一點,素食組的人是否感覺到他們對自己所吃的食物滿意,與動物蛋白組相比。
    說到底,他們是否仍在渴望更多的食物?
    他們是否覺得非常想要一塊肋眼牛排?
    要遵循任何種類的相當嚴格的飲食,特別是植物基飲食,真的需要有很好的理由。
    你知道,否則你會陷入可得性問題。
    吃雜食飲食要容易得多。
    是的。
    是的。
    這在兩項研究中都沒有被測量。
    當你基本上使用未受過訓練的受試者時,我總是對這些事情持懷疑態度,因為未受過訓練的受試者總是會經歷運動新手獲益效應,在這種訓練方案中,單靠阻力訓練所獲得的增益會掩蓋任何一種蛋白類型的潛在優勢。
    因此,你知道,人們會,斯圖·菲利普斯會和我就此展開整整一天的爭論。
    我們在社交媒體上進行了一場為期兩天的辯論。
    你在 X 上花了兩天來爭論這件事?
    斯圖真的是一個傳奇,他在蛋白質研究領域是個傳奇,但他在 Twitter 上持續爭論兩到三天。
    所以,你知道,我們總是最終達成共識,我們需要更多的研究來看看——這不是關於素食與動物蛋白,植物與動物蛋白的對比。
    而是關於總體每日蛋白質攝取量,僅此而已。
    我們只需要更多的針對高訓練、高阻力訓練的受試者的研究,以確定一個完全基於植物的蛋白質方案,從卡路里和每日蛋白質攝取量的角度看,是否真的能與動物性蛋白質,如高品質動物性蛋白質相提並論。
    因此,這幾乎取決於你想在哪裡下賭注以及你想承擔什麼風險。
    所以,如果站在金子的一方,或者說在職業或國家級比賽中爭奪第一名,那麼,是的,我不確定。
    我不確定我會怎麼做。
    但每個人的意識形態都是如此,一些人只是受到他們想堅持的主張的約束。
    所以,這真的取決於群體和目標是什麼。
    我想稍作休息,感謝我們的贊助商 AG1。
    AG1 是一種維生素-礦物質益生菌飲品,還包含了益生元和適應原。
    作為一名在研究科學領域投入了近三十年、並在健康與健身領域同樣長時間的人,我一直在不斷尋找改善心理健康、身體健康和表現的最佳工具。
    我在 2012 年發現了 AG1,那時我還未曾擁有 Podcast,自那時起我每天都在服用。
    我發現它改善了我所有方面的健康、精力和專注力,當我服用它時,我感覺好多了。
    AG1 使用最優質的成分進行正確的組合,並且他們不斷改進公式,而不提高價格。
    事實上,AG1 剛剛推出了最新的配方升級。
    這個下一代配方基於有關益生菌對腸道微生物群影響的新研究,現在包含了幾種臨床研究過的益生菌菌株,這些菌株已被證明有助於消化健康和免疫系統健康,並能改善腸道規律性以及減少脹氣。
    每當有人問我如果只能選擇一種補充品,那會是什麼時候,我總是回答 AG1。如果你想試試 AG1,可以到 drinkag1.com slash Huberman。在有限的時間內,AG1 正在贈送一個月的 omega-3 魚油免費供應,還附贈一瓶 D3 加 K2 的維他命。正如我之前在這個播客中強調的,omega-3 魚油和維他命 D3 K2 已經被證明可以幫助改善情緒和腦部健康、心臟健康、健康的荷爾蒙平衡等等。再次強調,請到 drinkag1.com slash Huberman 以獲得免費的 omega-3 魚油一個月供應,並附贈一瓶 D3 加 K2 的維他命。
    今天的節目還由 David 贊助。David 製作的蛋白質棒與其他任何蛋白質棒都不同。它含有 28 克蛋白質,僅有 150 卡路里,並且無糖。沒錯,28 克蛋白質,且其卡路里的 75% 來自於蛋白質。這比下一款最接近的蛋白質棒高出 50%。David 的蛋白質棒也味道絕佳,甚至質地也很好。我最喜愛的口味是巧克力曲奇生麵團,但我也喜歡新的巧克力花生醬口味和巧克力布朗尼口味。基本上,我非常喜歡所有口味。它們都非常美味。事實上,最難的挑戰是知道哪些日子該吃哪些口味,還有每天吃幾次。我每天限制自己吃兩根,但我真的很喜歡它們。有了 David,我可以在零食的卡路里中攝取 28 克蛋白質,這使我能輕鬆達到每天每磅體重攝取一克蛋白質的目標,而且也不需要攝入過多的卡路里。我大多數下午都會吃一根 David 蛋白質棒當作零食,當我外出或旅行時,我總是隨身帶一根。它們非常美味,而且考慮到它們擁有 28 克蛋白質,只有 150 卡路里,真是令人滿意。如果你想試試 David,可以到 davidprotein.com slash Huberman。再次強調,請到 davidprotein.com slash Huberman。
    我想談談身體重組的問題。開始時的簡單問題是:在減脂的同時“增肌”是否可能?是的。太好了,這會讓人感到安慰。這需要熱量赤字嗎?這是奇怪的部分。不,不,這真的非常有趣,我的朋友和同事 Chris Barakat,他收集了所有觀察到這種重組現象的研究,我們稱其為 recomp,同時獲得瘦體重並減少脂肪重量。因此,他收集了所有的研究,他共收集了 10 項研究,這篇回顧在五年前發表。所以可以想像,現在可能有幾項研究顯示了重組的現象。因此,我們可以說至少有十幾項研究已經證實了這一現象,而這在十年前我們並不認為是可能的。當時,我們認為好吧,需要卡路里過剩才能增肌,而需要卡路里赤字才能減脂。但這些研究中發生的情況是,重組現象是,我想十項研究中有七項是以瘦體重增長為主導的重組。因此,換句話說,獲得的瘦體重比損失的脂肪還多。因此,這些試驗結束時的身體質量是有所淨增的,這至少強烈暗示了在卡路里過剩的情況下脂肪流失。
    如果你要建議某人最佳的方式來應對這個問題,假設某人,鬆散地說,這不是一位競技運動員,這可能是一位男性或女性,假設同樣的建議適用於兩者,願意每週進行三到四次的抗阻訓練,假設每週三次,並進行大約每次一小時的有氧運動,並且他們願意攝取維持體重的卡路里或略多一點,他們的目標是增肌並減脂。那麼,你會如何設置相對於其需求的卡路里?會額外加 200 到 500 卡路里嗎?我知道這很難說,因為我們應該用百分比來討論,但為了讓廣大觀眾理解,我們就保持一個籠統的討論吧。那麼,應該比維持所需的多攝取多少卡路里呢?假設當他們去健身房時,他們知道自己在做什麼,他們熱身五到十分鐘,然後進行高強度訓練。他們進行接近極限的組別,每個部位訓練三到六組。他們都以相當大的努力訓練。而在進行有氧運動時,他們的心率在第二心率區間,並且可能在每週進行一次最大心率的訓練,他們在第二心率區間裡進行一些短跑,然後再回到……這我認為是許多人願意做或正在做的典型方式。我會說簡單直接的答案是儘量保持熱量過剩,約在維持狀態之上佔 10%。這可能對於200到300卡路里而言,這是你所看到的維持狀態中的一部分。這些重組研究的共同特徵是,蛋白質攝入量非常高。蛋白質的攝入量在每磅體重一克到一克半之間。這很有趣。那麼,我們現在已經提高了蛋白質的攝入量。是的。我們可以說這 10% 的過剩應該來自高品質的蛋白質嗎?完全正確。是的,是的。還有一系列由 Joey Antonio 和同事進行的研究,他們讓受試者的蛋白質攝入量超過其日常攝取量 400 到 800 卡路里,而這要麼發生了重組,要麼身體組成沒有顯著變化。他們在訓練嗎?他們在訓練,他們在進行抗阻訓練。
    以下是您提供的文本翻譯成繁體中文的版本:
    所以當你攝取非常高的蛋白質,達到每磅體重一克、一克半時,蛋白質似乎會自發地產生一些神奇的效果。它會減少你對其他宏量營養素的攝取,可能會增加你的運動能量消耗或非運動能量消耗。它會做一些奇怪的事情。就像我跟喬伊·安東尼奧談過,他從參加他那個非常高蛋白質研究的受試者那裡獲得了一些反饋,他在一個為期八週的實驗中讓他們每天攝取每磅兩克的蛋白質。有些受試者告訴他,嘿,我在睡覺的時候會出汗。當你說每磅體重兩克的蛋白質時,我們是在討論增加總熱量攝取還是僅僅將更多的日常熱量需求分配給優質蛋白質?這真是個非常有趣且神秘的部分。他們字面上說,好吧,保持你平常的飲食習慣,然後再額外增加50到100克的蛋白質。所以你多吃一塊雞胸肉和幾勺乳清蛋白,或者也許還會吃點雞蛋。你只是在你已經吃的基礎上額外增加更多的優質蛋白質。我們已經了解到,我們可以將這些蛋白質在任何地方分配,只需根據你的訓練和其他需求,做你最舒適的方式。而你說,但他們在睡覺時出汗。他們在睡覺時出汗。額外增加80到100克的蛋白質,就這樣加上去。這是一項自由生活的研究,所以我們不是在代謝病房裡監視人們。因此,蛋白質的增加可能透過許多途徑轉化為更高的能量消耗,可能是非運動途徑或運動途徑。它可能在他們的訓練中帶來更多的力量。可能會有一些類似魔法的熱效應在發生。誰知道呢?但是,我們也不能忽視這樣一個事實:當你告訴人們增加80或100克的蛋白質到他們的習慣攝取中時,受試者自我報告的奇怪之處在於他們往往會過報自己被指派的健康食品,而低報不健康食品。好學生現象。是的,完全正確。而且可能會有一些錯報的情況發生,但通過一系列大約五項研究來看,只需在原有基礎上堆疊蛋白質。沒有人增胖,有些人卻減了脂肪。太棒了。這是,非常令人驚訝的。那麼,現在需要說的是這件事。好吧,有一項由布雷及其同事於2013年左右進行的代謝病房研究,他們讓參與者攝取逐漸增加的蛋白質,這是一項蛋白質過度攝取的研究。那裡有三個水平的蛋白質攝取:5%的蛋白質飲食、15%的蛋白質飲食和30%左右的蛋白質飲食。總熱量增加,而這項代謝病房研究中並不涉及運動。隨著蛋白質量的增加,受試者同時增加了瘦體重和脂肪質量。所以當你把人們鎖在代謝病房裡,讓他們無法訓練,然後增加他們的蛋白質攝取和熱量時,他們會增胖和增加瘦體重。但是在自由生活的條件下,配合阻力訓練,如果你只是在蛋白質上過量,受試者實際上有減脂的傾向。這是一個非常有趣的現象,因為它已經反覆被觀察到。男女皆是?對,男女皆是。我得到的信息是,如果你要增加熱量,增加優質蛋白質。是的。確保你的阻力訓練在這裡,這是我在構建我們之前討論過的事情。蛋白質的分配可能不如總蛋白質的正確攝取那麼重要。因此,我覺得能夠在禁食或不禁食的狀況下訓練是非常令人安心的,主要是因為我們中很少有人對自己的日程有完全的控制。有時我們需要在早上第一件事時訓練,然後必須趕飛機或去上班。而有時人們只有晚上有時間,這種情況。我想確保我們討論一些其他的宏量營養素。當然。因為碳水化合物確實存在。我們現在不談纖維。我想,我們能否迅速將纖維放在一旁,說纖維是好的,對嗎?是的。好的。纖維是好的。攝取纖維。簡單的答案是,它是好的。攝取纖維,最好是通過水果和蔬菜來攝取。如果你不這麼做,那就通過一些補充劑來獲取,但理想情況下還是要通過水果和蔬菜,對吧?水果、蔬菜、豆類、穀物。穀物是把雙刃劍。因為它們熱量高。你有精製穀物、麵粉食物,還有全穀物。但是即使是一些全穀物,也有全穀物金魚餅干之類的東西。所以,對於那些試圖節省垃圾和攝取的熱量的人來說,這是一個有點危險的區域。你仍然可以擁有一個全穀飲食,但裡面全是垃圾。對。水果、蔬菜,但要攝取纖維。纖維是關鍵。但當我們談論碳水化合物時,讓我們粗略地將其分為澱粉類碳水化合物。所以,那些基本上會在你口中融化的東西。這是我對它的理解,對吧?一塊煮熟的馬鈴薯、一塊煮熟的地瓜。你知道,如果你把一塊煮熟的意大利面放進嘴裡足夠久,甚至生意大利面,它最終會溶解。或者你只是吸入它。對。或者,嗯,別這麼做。或者一塊西蘭花,通常,大部分是不會在你嘴裡融化的。你會等上好幾週,因為裡面纖維很多。
    這是區分纖維和非纖維的粗略方法,你知道的。那麼,澱粉和非澱粉的碳水化合物。從某種意義上來說,澱粉是很好的燃料。它們會在我們的肝臟和肌肉中儲存肝醣。它們可以支持像抗阻訓練這樣的運動。它們也能幫助我們思考。所有生酮飲食的人會說,我思考得最好是在禁食或生酮的狀態下,但大腦喜歡葡萄糖。那麼,對於維持或減少體脂肪,你對碳水化合物有什麼看法?也就是說,如果其他方面都做得一樣,碳水化合物會讓這變得更難嗎?也就是說,你在運動,你的每日熱量攝入沒有超標。澱粉本身就是不好嗎?這是一個很好的問題。我遵循證據。你知道,證據本身就是一個事情。你有研究這裡,然後有觀察和軼事那裡,對吧?那麼,讓我們主要談談研究。而且,我的意思是,軼事是很好的。但它通常會圍繞著人們發現對他們最有效的事情。對此我很樂意討論。我相信你也很樂意討論。但我想我在這個播客上強調的,以及你所做得如此美妙的,是談一談,最佳的控制研究集得出了什麼結論?當所有研究放在一起時,除非有一個研究因為做得非常好而脫穎而出。我的意思是,做高品質的人類研究是非常困難的。所以我們必須有這個警告。你控制得越多,條件就越不自然,對吧?條件越自然,它就越難以控制。這就是為什麼在營養和健身領域永遠會有工作,因為最終你把人帶進代謝病房。這是非常不自然的。你讓他們自由進食並告訴你他們吃了什麼。他們會撒謊或忘記,或者欺騙。他們會偷偷吃一些星星糖卻不告訴你。所以這就是生活,你知道,甚至是那些付你很多錢的客戶,你不能百分之百信任他們報告給你的所有信息。更不用說一組參與者在研究中的情況了。所以,嗯,對於碳水化合物的問題,無論是澱粉還是糖,無論哪一種。那麼,關於碳水化合物和脂肪減少的研究,你可以這樣總結。只要在兩組之間,你已經平衡了總熱量,並且在各組之間平衡了蛋白質攝入,那麼在每個良好控制的試驗結束時,基本上顯示出兩組之間的脂肪減少沒有顯著差異。所以,蛋白質是一個很好的平衡因素,它與總熱量一起。現在,這裡有一點小的變化。如果你把一個人的西方飲食轉換為生酮飲食,或者如果你用像是高碳、低脂的例行控制飲食,對比生酮飲食,而不平衡蛋白質,那麼,每一次生酮飲食都會在脂肪減少和體重減少上大勝控制飲食,因為它含有更多蛋白質。在某些情況下,如果你走得極端,比如肉食飲食這種,那麼你會看見選擇的範圍縮小。所以多樣性和可能性的減少也會導致總熱量攝入的減少。因此,在進行自由進食的生酮飲食時,通常會是這樣,當你把受試者放在此飲食上時。好吧,你也許可以把「自便」這個詞解釋給那些拉丁語水平不高或未曾進過實驗室的人。是的,好的。謝謝。自便的意思是,你不在自覺地計算或限制。你只是隨著自己的慾望進食。所以當你給某人指定生酮飲食時,你會說,嘿,避免這個、這個和這個,那個碳水化合物食物,避免碳水化合物。而且你可以隨意吃你想吃的蛋白質和脂肪。去做吧。當你給某人這樣的指示時,他們自發地進食,一般根據研究的結果,比他們的習慣攝入量或控制飲食攝入量,每天少攝入大約四到九百卡路里。這就是發生的事情。有趣吧?因為他們如果想的話可以吃得更多。他們沒有被限制。是的。我認為這說明了蛋白質的飽腹感,尤其是蛋白質和脂肪結合時的飽腹感。我的意思是,如果我在長途駕駛中感到飢餓,而我只能吃一樣東西,我假設我有水在身邊,我想與我同行,我就在路上,身處五號州際公路。沒有食物可買,所有商店都關閉了。是聖誕節,但附近有一家 in-n-out 漢堡店。它們可能也關閉了。但我可以點兩塊漢堡肉,那是我的選擇,而不是薯條。即使卡路里相同,我也可能會在大致相同的地方結束,因為蛋白質有著非常強的飽腹感。是的。所以,生酮飲食的想法是合理的。我對生酮飲食的問題是,直到最近,它在一般社會生活環境中保持起來是比較困難的。我的意思是,你不能吃餅乾,我不喜歡餅乾,但你不能吃一片酸麵包。這很難對吧?我們這裡都很喜歡酸麵包。是啊,人們在假期的時候常常很掙扎。我認為生酮飲食在假期對人們來說很艱難。既然我們在這個話題上,你對炎症有什麼看法?我之所以這樣問,因為我知道很多人長期以來跟他們的體重抗爭。
    許多男性朋友和一些女性朋友在採用以下飲食時,肉類、魚類、蛋、帕爾馬奶酪(作為唯一的乳製品類別,即硬質奶酪)、水果和蔬菜、橄欖油、黃油、咖啡、茶等等,但沒有汽水或任何東西,除了減肥汽水。他們會減掉相當可觀的體脂肪,可能還有一些水分。他們完全不吃任何澱粉類食物,沒有米飯、沒有燕麥、沒有麵包、沒有披薩,什麼都沒有。但是他們都成功地減掉了25到50甚至60磅的體重。通常他們都有運動習慣,有時僅僅是有氧運動。因此減掉的體重是相當顯著的,而且他們能夠保持下去。他們的許多健康問題似乎在體重減輕後也隨之改善。但我常常想知道,這種被某些人稱為低發炎飲食的東西,因為這種飲食中幾乎沒有加工食品或高度加工食品,是否還有額外的好處,開始與脂肪減少 synergize。而且他們看起來明顯更好,感覺也更好,且能夠很好地保持這一切。因為你可以說,我可以不吃麵包和派,但是,我會多吃兩份火雞和布魯塞爾芽菜。我覺得,光是這樣的飲食就可以達到令人驚訝的效果。然而我不清楚這種飲食的名稱。這不是我遵循的飲食。我會吃澱粉類食物。但對於發炎的看法,你對某些宏觀營養素的組合,例如是促進發炎還是抗發炎,還是有些人很少談論的,發炎中立,保持在一個既不是高發炎也不是低發炎的狀態,但只是存在正常的發炎波動,你有什麼看法?這個問題有點長,但我覺得我一直想問,我想問你,你是最合適的對象。因此我稍微推測一下。我認為任何促進顯著脂肪減少的飲食都會降低循環中來自脂肪組織的發炎細胞激素的數量。所以如果你能降低體脂,那麼就能降低慢性低度發炎。如果身體脂肪從各個地方減少,包括皮下空間,尤其是內臟空間,那麼你將對長期健康做很多好事。你所描述的飲食之所以如此有效,是因為它缺乏高度美味的特性。而創造高度美味的特性,基本上是指食物的味道非常濃郁、美味,並且非常容易被被動過量消費。而高度美味性食品的公式基本上是精製碳水化合物、脂肪混合,然後加鹽或變甜。這就是容易被被動過量消費的食物的公式。而你所描述的飲食中並沒有這些超加工的、高度工程化的脂肪碳水、精製碳水和脂肪的組合食品,這些食品我們只是很驅動地去吞下去。因此我認為我的觀點可能有點過於簡化,但我認為發炎問題與多餘的體脂問題確實密切相關。我對這個答案非常感激。再者,我見過許多朋友減掉相當可觀的體脂並保持這種飲食。這種飲食如果一個人有一塊蛋糕或一片披薩,並不會與整體的營養計劃偏離太遠。這不是突然就脫離生酮了之類的。他們通常也不會因此而引發暴食。我要提到的是,這些人大多也是在同一時間戒酒,這可能也有其自身的益處。是的,稍後我們會回到酒精的話題。還有一些營養素是直接抗發炎的,例如Omega-3脂肪酸,有大量研究其抗發炎效果。你個人有補充嗎?我有。你吃魚油?我有。我知道對於魚油的補充存在一些爭議和內部爭論。現在人們擔心心房顫動等問題。但我一直在這樣做。如果你看文獻,尤其是隨機對照試驗,結果基本上都是好東西。我是說,幾乎所有你做的事情都能找到負面文獻。但從整體上看,我在這個時候仍然對補充魚油感到放心,儘管有越來越多的證據顯示,哦,它可能沒什麼效果,或者,哦,它可能有這或那的潛在不良影響。我覺得如果你不是一個每週定期吃油膩魚的人,那這是毫無疑問的。是的,高品質的油膩魚來源通常很貴,而且越來越難找。而且還涉及爭議。你會進入一個關於不同來源的鮭魚的辯論,變得非常棘手。我相信外面有很棒的來源,但那是一整個話題。我也補充魚油,並且多年前就開始這麼做。我打算繼續這樣做。我很高興聽到你也這麼做,因為你是專家。我們都在這列車上。我們是叛逆者。是的,抗發炎效果如果沒有其他原因,也似乎值得這樣做。我想談談糖。我在這個播客上有過人坐在你這個位置,基本上描繪出糖的畫面,說它幾乎不比可卡因和冰毒差,但也不會太偏離,這種誇張的說法。我也有一些人對糖持更溫和的反應。でも,讓我們先定義一下糖。
    嗯,我們要談的時候,當我提到糖的時候,我不是在談水果中的果糖,因為在水果中,你有果糖,但還有纖維,還有高水分含量,當然,有些水果的果糖含量比其他水果高,例如芒果和蘋果之類的。但當我談到糖時,我指的是如果人們查看包裝或標籤時,看到添加的糖,添加的糖到底有多糟糕?因為這些真的往往被很多人視為所謂的“壞糖”。
    好的。這些糖會稀釋飲食的營養價值,並且會造成食物過於美味。如果你在談論添加到飲食中的外源性糖,那麼內源性糖的來源只有兩種,分別是水果和牛奶。其他的一切幾乎都是添加進去的,除了像龍舌蘭這種東西,但那算是一種稀有的神秘物種,但添加糖進入飲食應該謹慎消費。根據研究,建議將添加糖限制在總卡路里的10%以內。因此,如果你喜歡在吃的東西上加楓糖漿或蜂蜜,那麼你可能想要將其限制在一個典型的比如說2000卡路里的飲食中。你可以把它限制在每天最多40到50克。這似乎還是高。
    是的,40到50克。誰會吃那麼多糖?如果是我。
    哦,真的嗎?你有甜食的嗜好?
    不,不。我愛蜂蜜,也愛楓糖漿。
    哦,看到沒,我是鹹食控。如果可以的話,我都要試著不把整塊帕爾馬乾酪吃掉。我兩者都有,兄弟。我常開玩笑說,我內心有個胖小子,但其實十年前,我依據BMI標準曾經算過肥胖。你現在幾歲?
    53歲。
    很好。看起來你身體很好。沒有激素增補。我們之前澄清過這一點。我問,現在的男生都會互相問這個問題。你有在使用激素嗎?
    沒有。
    所以,艾倫說沒有,我完全相信他,但你在53歲的時候狀態非常棒。謝謝。
    你有甜食的嗜好還有鹹食的嗜好?
    我有,兄弟。你怎麼應對這樣的嗜好?
    我…哦,這是一個好問題,因為我可以給出一些實用的建議。蛋白粉,蛋白粉讓我的甜食嗜好得到了很好的滿足。我其實沒有吃50克的添加糖。白天我可能會在咖啡裡加一湯匙的楓糖漿。
    對,對。兄弟,所以你知道那種摩卡壺嗎?
    摩卡壺。
    它是一種硬件的東西。
    對。
    對的。對。
    其實它是一個奇怪的,像沙漏形狀的咖啡器具。
    是的。
    是的。所以我有那個。我正試著複製泰式咖啡。是泰式的嗎?那是什麼?泰式冰茶。是非常美味的咖啡,越南咖啡。我愛越南食物,但我不喝越南咖啡,因為對我來說太甜了,兄弟。我正試著用摩卡壺做一個版本,如果我在裡面加入一湯匙的楓糖漿,那真的太棒了。我會搭配半奶精喝,真的很好。
    你掌握了脂肪和糖的組合,再加上咖啡因。你早上在訓練之前喝這個?
    我一直在喝這個。我會經歷一些階段,但我會喝那個。因此我飲食中的添加糖量就是那一湯匙的楓糖漿。所以,我同意你,50克可能會高一些。聽著,我不是來評價的。我之前已經說過,如果我有甜食的嗜好,這很有趣。我以前有過,我在大約十年的過程中失去了它。我以前喜歡酸糖膠和其他類似的果味糖。我之所以失去是因為我做了一些可能沒有科學依據的事情。但幾年前我聽說,如果我在高脂肪的奶油中加一茶匙L-谷氨酰胺,每天喝兩次,那就會消除我的糖 cravings。我這樣做了,它幫我戒掉了糖,然後我增加了我的蛋白質攝入量。這可能是任何組合造成的,或者可能是完全的安慰劑。我想承認這一點。
    雖然我已經向一些自稱是糖癮患者的人推薦了這個,好的,他們會說,是的,確實殺掉了我的糖 craving,但他們總是要加上,但我仍然想念我的…你知道的。他們渴望那種甜食。而我已經不再感覺這樣了。這就是我遠離甜食的所在。我做蛋白質圍樂,裡面是人造糖,所以能滿足我的甜點 craving。
    那麼,關於人造甜味劑,如果你想要些甜的,為什麼不將蜂蜜換成像是甜葉菊呢?
    因為它不會帶來和楓糖漿相同的滿足感。
    哦,兄弟。好的,楓糖漿暫且不談,你會獲得熱量的節省。如果你的蛋白粉是用人工甜味劑甜化的,比如說甜葉菊、蘇克蘭或果實等,使用產品中的方法,你會節省熱量,還能節省宏觀營養素。
    所以蛋白質粉末在我看來真的是一個突破,因為它們滿足了蛋白質需求,或者大幅增強了蛋白質需求,並且基本上能提供像甜點一樣的體驗。對我來說,我會做一些很好喝的水果冰沙。我使用冷凍水果和蛋白質粉。有時我會做一種摩卡風味的冰沙,有時則會做熱帶水果風味的奶昔。是的,這就像奶昔,對吧?對。
    你提到了人工甜味劑,所以我們來深入看看這一點。好的。我看到一些文獻指出,它們可能對腸道微生物群有負面影響。這些是動物數據,還有一些人類數據,但我覺得現在說人工甜味劑太過籠統。科學上有統合者和劃分者的說法。我認為我們需要劃分一下,因為有些低熱量甜味劑,比如甜菊糖,是天然的,而不是人工的;它們是植物來源的。然後還有一些人工甜味劑,比如阿斯巴甜、蔗糖素、糖精。據我了解,蔗糖素和糖精如果過量攝入會有一些不好的特性。那麼人工甜味劑的情況是什麼呢?我們談的是阿斯巴甜、蔗糖素、糖精,我們就專注於這些。好的,先暫時不考慮羅漢果、甜菊等。
    你幾乎可以簡化地說,在我們研究的所有甜味劑中,不論是自然的還是人工的,糖精顯示出了很多不好的潛力。例如,對腸道微生物群的負面影響導致人類在短期內對葡萄糖的耐受性減弱。當然了,他們對這些人類的劑量是有爭議的,但儘管如此,正是糖精顯示了這些效果,甚至與阿斯巴甜以及蔗糖素比較時,體重增長的情況。糖精組的參與者可能食欲被抑制了,實際上是增重了。因此,對於低熱量甜味劑的範疇,糖精實際上並不太好。但值得慶幸的是,糖精幾乎在商業上已經消失了。除非你去Denny’s或某種油膩的小餐館,否則很難找到糖精,因為那裡有那些粉紅色的包裝。
    現在我們有這一系列低熱量甜味劑可供選擇,而哪一種低熱量甜味劑對健康和身體有益,仍然是一個小謎題。但它們基本上都是同一類型。你可以在甜菊上發現很多好東西,關於人工甜味劑的壞處你也可以找到很多潛在的問題。阿斯巴甜和蔗糖素也有許多潛在的問題。甜菊是有點難以量化的。也許還有一些甜菊的好處,對吧?是的,還有好處,比如改善葡萄糖耐受性之類的。所以我不害怕甜菊。我一直稱它為甜菊,但現在它是甜菊。這是我的個人喜好。好吧,這次我稱它為甜菊。謝謝。
    所以說,沒差。聽說它對我們可能有益。沒有好的證據顯示它對我們有害。所以如果你不介意它的味道,而我正好喜歡它的味道,甜菊似乎在飲食中是一個完全不錯的選擇。是的,說實話,我對所有人工甜味劑都很能接受。即使是阿斯巴甜,你要假設即使攝入這些東西的數量再多,會導致的負面健康結果也是荒謬的數量。這可能比走出門吸入洛杉磯的空氣還危險,與其定期攝取1或2罐阿斯巴甜或蔗糖素相比。我不認為這會在一個人的一生中產生影響。謝謝你的澄清。這很難研究。不是你能找到明確的結論。對。而且我的閱讀中發現,喝人工甜味汽水或甜菊甜味汽水來輔助其減少每天攝取的卡路里,以減輕體重,特別是體脂肪,且的確,飲食汽水對人們來說可以是一個很好的幫助。是的,你知道,我在這個文獻上來回掙扎,因為我認為,更好的選擇是水,但他們比較了每天2公升水和每天1公升或更多的飲食汽水。看起來對於那些否則會喝汽水或只會喝水的人來說,這是一個相當不錯的減重工具,這真的讓我驚訝。我樂意說水是最好的,但對於減重來說,飲食汽水也許為人們提供了重要角色。對,那是一個有趣的發現。我認為幾乎所有控制介入試驗都顯示了人工甜味或低熱量甜味飲料對減重及其所有代謝後果的正面影響,而這些結果都是積極的。雖然有一些觀察性文獻對飲食汽水是否良好提出了一些懷疑,但隨之而來的問題是所謂的反向因果關係:健康狀況不佳的人較有可能尋求這些飲食汽水,而不是說飲食汽水導致了健康不佳。但總體而言,人工甜味飲料對健康來說還是相對正面的。但我知道很多人對此有很多疑問,因為人們自然會有這種想要宣揚只有水、只有水、只有水的嬉皮氣質。
    但你知道嗎?
    我認為練習飲用純水是一個好主意,這樣可以讓你獲得這種積極體驗。
    雖然我鼓勵這樣做,但對人工甜味飲料的妖魔化並不一定有根據,尤其在控制干預的文獻中。
    我想稍作休息,感謝我們的一位贊助商,Function。
    去年,我成為Function的會員,因為我尋找最全面的實驗室測試方法。
    Function提供超過100項先進的實驗室測試,能夠給你整體身體健康的關鍵快照。
    這個快照提供心臟健康、荷爾蒙健康、免疫功能、營養水平等等的見解。
    他們最近還新增了檢測毒素的項目,例如有害塑料中的BPA和PFAS(永遠化學物質)檢測。
    Function不僅提供超過100項對於你身體和心理健康至關重要的生物標記測試,還會分析這些結果並提供來自相關領域專家頂尖醫生的見解。
    例如,在我和Function的第一次測試中,我得知我的血液中汞含量較高。
    Function不僅幫我檢測到這一點,還提供了減少汞含量的最佳方法建議,包括限制我對金槍魚的攝取。
    我在努力增加綠葉蔬菜的攝取的同時,也有吃很多 金槍魚,並補充NAC和乙醯半胱氨酸,這兩者都能支持谷胱甘肽的生成和解毒。
    我該說,通過再次進行Function的測試,這種方法確實有效。
    全面的血液檢測是至關重要的。
    有非常多與你的心理和身體健康有關的事情只能通過血液測試來檢測。
    問題在於血液檢測一直很昂貴和複雜。
    相比之下,我對Function的簡便性和成本水平感到非常印象深刻。
    它非常實惠。
    因此,我決定加入他們的科學顧問委員會,並且我很高興他們贊助了這個播客。
    如果你想試試Function,可以訪問functionhealth.com slash Huberman。
    Function目前有超過250,000人的等待名單,但他們為Huberman播客的聽眾提供早期訪問。
    再說一次,地址是functionhealth.com slash Huberman,以獲得Function的早期訪問。
    咖啡或其他含咖啡因飲料是否有熱效應,使你能燃燒更多脂肪的證據呢?
    所以如果我喝——我是喜歡Yerba Mate的人,所以在鍛鍊之前喝冷釀的Yerba Mate或熱釀的Yerba Mate,忽略禁食的情況。
    我剛好是空腹的然後訓練。
    我通過攝取像咖啡因這樣的刺激物會不會動員更多的身體脂肪?
    是的,這是一個相當一致的發現。
    問題是這種效果是否足夠有意義,能持續足夠長的時間讓我們說,嘿,我們可以用咖啡和/或咖啡因作為增強脂肪減少的手段。
    我不確定我們是否已經達到那個程度,但文獻顯示,飲用含咖啡因飲料如茶和咖啡對脂肪減少有適度的效果,適度的優勢。
    很好。
    我覺得這樣的討論在當今並不常見。
    那是在90年代的話題,但我認為這是人們聽到的好事,因為全球90%的成年人每天都消耗咖啡因。
    這是世界上最廣泛使用的藥物。
    天啊,你知道,我剛查看了一個關於咖啡和健康影響的巨大綜合回顧。
    net是正面的。
    看到這點我非常高興。
    在什麼樣的指標下?
    一系列臨床結果。
    心血管健康,各種中介指標的不同影響,甚至死亡率。
    所以幾乎所有我們能想到的,絕大多數人一般關心的事情,咖啡要麼有中性,要麼有正面的影響,但益處的閾值在於每天三到四杯。
    所以超過這個量,或者說在這個閾值之後,那麼我們可能會看到潛在的危害。
    我想唯一要提醒人們的是,不要在就寢前太接近的時間消耗咖啡因,因為即使你能入睡,也會打亂你的睡眠結構。
    但我相信很多人聽到咖啡和其他形式的咖啡因對我們健康有益,甚至可能有助於延長壽命,會感到松了一口氣,甚至是高興。
    咖啡和茶,確實是。
    這是毋庸置疑的。
    至於酒精是否有益於長壽一直在辯論中,並且還在持續辯論。
    上週,另一項研究指出香檳對長壽有益。
    我想是這樣。
    但最近有很多研究顯示,酒精會大幅增加癌症風險,因此聯邦政府現在正考慮在任何含酒精飲品的標籤上加入這一點。
    我對此有意見。
    是關於在標籤上註明這一點嗎?
    是的。
    是的,請分享。
    因此,我們不能將酒精飲料歸入單一的類別。
    關於紅酒的文獻,天啊,若要找出紅酒的致癌效應,你會很難找到,不論是流行病學還是介入性研究,甚至在機制的體外研究上,如腫瘤生成,都是如此。
    它實際上具有抗癌效果。
    而且,即使是酒精攝入對大腦萎縮的威脅,在至少一項對照試驗中,紅酒消費者在神經心理測試中顯示出了改善。
    所以我不認為我們能將酒精作為一類來看待。
    我們必須看個別飲品,因為我相信紅酒和其他某些酒精飲料之間存在差異。
    但人們對紅酒的研究非常深入,而紅酒文獻中幾乎只有好結果。
    誰知道它可能在商業上或其他方面有多偏見。
    但那是另一回事。
    我不喜歡根據資金來源來駁回研究,但紅酒文獻幾乎都是正面的。
    我覺得我需要對這一點多付出一些努力。我認為假設那些研究的一切都是完好無損且沒有偏見,我確實認為當人們飲用酒精並考慮紅酒的潛在長壽效果時,有些問題會浮現在腦海裡。
    首先,熱量的權衡是什麼?你知道,如果你喝一杯酒,你就在攝取熱量,也許這不是問題。或許這會佔用那些來自其他來源的優質營養素的空間。我有一個理論,就是關於酒精和長壽文獻中的爭議,對我來說,可能簡化為像是睡眠干擾這麼簡單的問題。例如,飲酒者的炎症更高,但在那些特定研究中,也許我在推測,他們可能在晚餐時飲酒,而我們知道這會擾亂睡眠結構,減少快速眼動睡眠和深度睡眠。我是說,這已被一遍又一遍證明,長期來看,尤其在高壓力生活方式的背景下,這可能會導致更系統的炎症和更差的健康結果。在另一種文化中,可能是在薩丁尼亞或其他地方,或者在這些,我不敢說的,藍區,或許人們在飲食和生活上都更長壽,炎症更低,因為,你知道,他們可能在睡前仍然喝酒,但他們進入下一天的過程更平順,壓力更低,因此睡眠的干擾可能不是問題。在這些文化中有午睡的習慣。
    當我將睡眠視為心理健康和身體健康的基礎時,顯然這至少是基礎的一層,我就會想,酒精研究是否能僅根據所採取的測量來進行評估,如果我們開始考慮酒精消費的背景,比如社交背景、睡眠時數、壓力和生活方式、遺傳對癌症的易感性,還有那種高加工食品等等,我想知道這些是否會在我們所說的噪音中流動出來。我需要澄清一下,我同意所有這些,這裡有一點,我關於酒精的言論主要是指紅酒和癌症。
    所以如果我們看待通常所謂的適度飲酒,即小型人群每天一到兩杯,大型人群每天兩到三杯,那就算是這兩者的適度模型。不論是紅酒還是其他飲品,飲酒時會有一定程度的抑制解除,可能會讓你說,“啊,隨便吧”,進而可能會讓你把整個意麵盤都吃光。例如,抑制解除的部分,還有固有的熱量問題,我不認識那些我渴望成為的男性形象,體格方面,都是常規的重大飲酒者。他們大多幾乎不喝酒。
    好吧,這是觀察上的一面。然後還有成癮的部分,當你讀到一般人群中有某種程度的酒精使用障礙的比例時,那是個驚人的百分比,10%。所以在十個人的房間裡,可能會有一個人有酒精使用障礙。這真糟糕。這是最容易掩蓋的成癮,因為,你知道,酒精是如此隨手可得。到處都有,而人們不——它被美化了。這是——酒精攝入,至少直到最近,事情在改變,這是唯一的——這是唯一的藥物,因為酒精是一種藥物。再說一次,咖啡因也是一種藥物。這是唯一的一種藥物,如果在成年後不消耗,人們經常會——你會受到羞辱嗎?對此感到不安,對吧?他們會說,“嘿,你怎麼了這樣?”或“我以為真正的男人都喝酒。”
    所以我很久以前就戒酒了,我並沒有酒精使用障礙,但我不喜歡它,因為我睡不好,而我喜歡早上訓練。因此當人們說,例如,“你不喝酒,你怎麼了?”我便說:“不,我早上訓練,而你們還在睡覺,然後我們來看看。”我以前有點——在我三十幾歲時,我有點自以為是。所以在會議上,你知道,他們會說,“噢,你在第一晚晚上九點就回家。”我會說,“是的,但我們來看看這五天會議的星期三。我們看看你們的情況如何,我的情況如何。”因此我總是對事情的長期走向很感興趣,如何能夠每天保持八成或九成的表現,甚至十成的表現,一天又一天,這不是一種健康的心態,但這就是如果你有我的心態會發生的事,而我認為這適用於許多人。對我來說,飲酒成為了生活表現的一種障礙。我認為對許多人來說,酒精是他們與周圍人交流的方式,我尊重這一事實,這讓人難以成為異類。這可能會讓人感到社交孤立,而社交聯繫是重要的。
    這是我戒酒後的一些有趣的發現。第一,我確實受到了羞辱。我在多米尼加共和國的餐桌上,我喜歡椰子鳳梨水果冰沙,無酒精的椰子鳳梨水果冰沙。所以我點了一杯無酒精的椰子鳳梨水果冰沙,服務生竟然大笑,并且取笑我點無酒精飲料。因此,我实际上因为点了无酒精的椰子菠萝冰沙而受到了羞辱。但我害怕戒酒的原因之一是我認為活動會失去樂趣。我覺得我會失去社交的能力,無法再享有同樣程度的——這是一種奇怪的感覺。你不知道直到你戒酒,事情依然是如此有趣。
    你顯然是清醒的,能夠更加汲取許多事物,並且你知道,可以享受每一刻,完全沒有浪費的時間。而對我來說,戒酒的有趣之處和積極性在於,這教會了我如何面對自己的情感,應對壓力並提出解決方案。在此之前,我知道解決方案,就是用酒精來掩蓋。可是我認為這會阻礙性格的塑造,也會妨礙問題解決的能力,還會影響應對能力。我認為這些對於成為一個成年人來說是極其重要的。因此,這些是我戒酒後所體驗到的隱藏好處,除了提高了訓練的效率、訓練後的恢復、每天少攝取將近一千卡路里、改善體組成、以及心理健康後,生活的各個方面在我戒酒後都得到了改善。但你看,我曾經是那10個裡面的一個,陷入了飲酒的習慣。如果我喜歡某樣東西,我就會每天都去享用。就像,我可能會選擇每天都喝咖啡或吃雞蛋,這一生都不會改變。與酒精的情況相同。但酒精的問題是必須要努力維持那種微醺的感覺,隨著耐受性增加,這變得越來越困難。所以這就是我與酒精的問題所在。好吧,謝謝你分享這些。再說一次,我們不是要強迫任何人去接受某種觀點。但我認為有很多人能夠適度地享用酒精,而我就是其中一個戒了酒會過得更好的人。
    太好了。我非常感謝你分享這個內容。那麼,讓我們談談種子油,這個令人畏懼的種子油辯論。我們應該恐懼它們還是不用恐懼?假設有人會保持熱量攝取,不會因為加入種子油而增加額外的熱量,假設他們有選擇的機會。他們可以選擇消費像菜籽油或大豆油這樣的種子油,或者用橄欖油來替代它。我們來比較一下哪一種更好,如果有的話。種子油本身有什麼本質上的壞處?我想確保我們談論這個加工過程,因為人們會說,哦,種子油來自優質來源就不壞。但大多數的種子油都是經過高壓和高溫的提煉過程,而這就是問題所在。那麼,種子油到底是怎麼一回事?好吧,整體來看,人們對種子油的評價過於負面。一方面過度妖魔化種子油,就像另一方過度妖魔化比如牛肉、牛脂、奶油和豬油這類陸地動物脂肪一樣。但當你將這兩者進行比較,例如種子油與奶油、牛脂、豬油,並對比這兩者的證據基礎時,你會發現在健康不良後果方面,陸地動物脂肪比種子油更容易出現問題,這就是現實。現在種子油受到妖魔化是非常奇怪的,因為這不是科學共識。有些人對種子油的恐懼只是執著於他們的理念和思想,而深入研究文獻的人對整個種子油的恐慌感到困惑。但接下來你只需要問一組簡單的問題。好吧,你在問題中具體提到了種子油,這很好。我是說,這讓你在所有人中領先於其他人。所以我們在談論哪種種子油?我們在討論的劑量是什麼?你擔心的健康結果是什麼?然後,你發現什麼試驗最能支持你對種子油的恐懼?所以,大家大約十個人中就會有九個人立即會說,哦,好吧,你想知道哪種種子油?菜籽油。好的,太好了。讓我們看看菜籽油的文獻。而最困難的事情之一就是在幾乎所有關於菜籽油的試驗中找到對其不利的證據。甚至有一項元分析直接比較菜籽油和橄欖油對血脂輪廓的影響。也許,對某些人來說這並不令人驚訝,但對大多數人來說卻是意外的,菜籽油在降低LDL膽固醇方面的效果優於橄欖油。這讓我感到驚訝,因為我以為橄欖油是無可挑剔的。你知道嗎?我也對此感到錯愕。我本希望看到沒有明顯差異,這樣的結果本來會讓人失望。但當你查看菜籽油的組成時,發現其相比橄欖油以及其他種子油,擁有相對較高的Omega-3脂肪酸比例。哇。這將讓許多人,包括我感到驚訝。我的感覺是,種子油可能帶來的負面影響是因為它們和哪些東西共存。這就像是我這個年紀的人會記得的舊話,對我來說,我49歲,九月將滿50歲,所以我並不滿53歲。然而,我們屬於同一代,當時有一種關於大麻的討論。例如,我們錄製過幾集關於它的節目。我們沒有將其描繪成好或壞,雖然我確實相信年輕人,尤其是年輕男性,吸食高THC的大麻會使他們更容易出現精神病。
    我意思是,這方面有很多辯論,但在當年,如果你使用大麻,很快你就會使用可卡因。這算是個論點吧?隨著時間的推移,人們意識到大麻擁有自身的潛在好處和風險,對吧?這取決於多種因素。似乎大量消耗種子油的人,同時也會大量攝取澱粉,甚至可能還會攝入額外的糖。將這些因素放在一起,最終就會導致一種促發炎的、常常過熱量的狀況,而且人們卻沒有攝取足夠的高品質蛋白質。而且我們知道那個情況看起來像什麼。它看起來像美國。對。沒錯。或者說大部分的美國。所以我確實認為,橄欖油和草飼奶油的搭配會產生相反的效果。就像人們會說,哦,這是一瓶非常高品質的橄欖油。一般來說,在我看來,這些人是那些會考慮沙拉成分品質的人。他們會想到酸種麵包,而不是可能含有更多精製糖的麵包。而那些談論草飼奶油的人則在意肉類來源的品質。他們不會吃那些含有其他防腐劑的蛋白質來源。因此對我來說,我認為這種所謂的種子油辯論,很多將在我們開始拆解個別成分時得到解決。他們坐錯了車。對。沒錯。從成本的角度來看,這一點我之前沒有想到,直到我開始在線上表達了一些這種觀點,結果很快學到了很多。我了解到,有很多人說,是的,我聽到很多關於草飼奶油和橄欖油的好東西。可是對於一些人來說,成本的邊際實在太高,無法消費所有有機食品和橄欖油。而且,你必須聆聽他們,並說,好吧,對於需要養活整個家庭的人來說,也許這些其他的脂肪來源更實惠。因此,真正的健康風險是什麼呢?所以,不管怎樣,這裡有一點編輯意見。但我有一種感覺,這些問題會在對這些不同飲食的細緻分析中得到解決。我認為人們將其過度簡化了。人們對待種子油就像對待乳製品。他們說乳製品,好像它是一個單一的事物。你知道,乳製品裡有硬乾酪,有奶油,有酸奶,還有不同脂肪含量的牛奶。你很難找到對酸奶的負面評價。實際上,對於硬乾酪,你也會很難找到負面評價。在所有乳製品中,奶油是唯一可以找到一些問題的。對於種子油也是類似的情況。試著找找亞麻籽、奇亞籽、芝麻的負面評價,你也找不到。我是說,是的,如果你深入挖掘確實可以找到。對於菜籽油的負面評價也很難找到。即使是像大豆油和玉米油這類物品。你可以查閱文獻,卻也並沒有描繪出這樣的可怕畫面。因此,我認為人們在專注於烹飪油時,確實是忽略了大局。你本來就不應該經常淹沒或油炸你的食物。所以,是的,超出了這一點,當你查看文獻中分析的種子油對各種結果的影響時,從中間結果如生物標記效果,一路到那些所謂的硬性終點如死亡、心臟病發作、心臟事件和心臟疾病這些。所有硬性終點和中間或軟性終點,在與奶油、豬油、牛脂的比較中,都顯示出種子油的優越性。因此,對於種子油的理解存在著嚴重的誤解和不當的恐懼宣傳,以至於我覺得這實在過於愚蠢。人們只是需要冷靜下來,專注於飲食的整體品質,而不必在他們使用的烹飪油上進行這種絕對的、死亡般的爭鬥。我是超級的特級初榨橄欖油愛好者。這是我的首選。這是我喜愛的。我說真的,我可以直接喝那東西,我就喜愛它到這種程度。它好吃,沒錯。我也愛芝麻油,但芝麻是種子油。然而,芝麻油在過去5000年中一直被亞洲非常健康的人群消費。因此,我不一定喜歡菜籽油,至少在某種程度上覺得它有點奇怪。但是我仍然承認文獻顯示在大多數實驗中對它的積極評價是壓倒性的。但是我更偏愛橄欖油。如果你喜歡橄欖油,那應該成為你的首選,而不是那些我想可能被“弗蘭肯斯坦”或在某種程度上被工程化的油。你提到了這些油的生產方式的整個概念。其中一個擔憂是使用己烯來從種子餅中提取油之類的。因此,使用溶劑來從其原始來源提取這些油。有一些有趣的文獻顯示橄欖油中的己烯含量高於,我記得,是其它某種種子油,無論是菜籽油還是葵花籽油。因此,儘管如此,己烯的量仍然低於既定的安全閾值。因此,我真的認為人們有些迷失在細節中,忽略了大局,專注於小沙粒,卻看不見大石塊。謝謝你這番話。我認為這將為許多人澄清很多事情。我也喜歡橄欖油。
    多年來,我試著減少食用奶油。我喜歡奶油的味道。我可以打斷一下嗎?我想讓你知道,我並不反對奶油。我只是——當你查看證據時,如果你在飲食中把所有東西都塗上奶油,而你真正地狂吃奶油,像是僅僅吃奶油塊那樣,那你就有提高心血管風險的可能性。而且還有一項非常有趣的研究比較了奶油和奶油脂肪對血脂的影響。所以奶油對血脂其實是中性的,而奶油則可能會導致不利的影響。通常這種影響表現為低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的增加。奶油之所以會有這種中性影響的另一個原因是他們得出的結論,這是基於其他研究,也是因為它含有一種叫做乳脂球膜(MFGM)的成分,而這成分是在奶油中已經被去除的。因此,即使在乳製品這一類別中,食物的行為表現也大相徑庭。再次重申,我並不反對奶油,但我們必須承認,在某些食物類別中,有些食物是有點風險的,你應該在一生中對它們的攝入量更加謹慎。幾年前,當我開始這個播客時,我並不清楚這個播客會發展到多大,我開玩笑說我吃大塊奶油來增加膽固醇,這樣我就能擁有更高的睾酮,結果我為這種說法付出了代價。我一直——這真是純金。我一直試著在日常飲食中攝取一些飽和脂肪,無論是通過紅肉、雞蛋或是,根據我的訓練強度和熱量需求,也許是一兩湯匙的奶油。我不喜歡把我的飽和脂肪降到零,因為我發現我的皮膚會變得乾燥。我的身體感覺也不如從前,血液檢測的數據也會稍微變差,這只是我個人的感受。我表現得還不錯,但我不會——我只想再強調一下,我不認為人們應該故意增加他們的奶油攝入量,但在奶油、橄欖油以及堅果、雞蛋和紅肉中自然存在的脂肪之間,通過魚油或一些富含脂肪的魚攝取一些Omega-3脂肪酸,你可以獲得相當不錯的脂質組合,還能包含一些微量營養素,對吧?我覺得,強調牛脂、奶油和紅肉,排除了所有植物性脂肪或堅果,這種做法看起來很荒謬,我和保羅·薩拉迪諾是朋友,我會這麼說。我還認為,如果你飲食中飽和脂肪含量非常低,像是非常低,大多數我認識的人,當然還有我自己,這會導致皮膚變得更加乾燥、頭髮變脆、關節疼痛。我認為,飲食中加入一些飽和脂肪在低度量上是非常重要的,對吧?當然,尤其是隨著年齡的增長。我知道所有的食肉者可能現在已經退出了這場對話。你知道,地中海生酮模型是正經的。我指的是在文獻中看過它所顯示的正面影響。因此,如果你想要採用生酮飲食,但不想吃大量的豬油、奶油或牛肉脂肪,你可以用堅果、鱷梨、特級初榨橄欖油以及一些特級初榨椰子油來替代。這樣你就擁有了更好的心血管風險概況,同時你仍然可以採用生酮飲食並保持充分的蛋白質攝入,你就獲得了雙贏,對吧?奇怪的是,美國政府曾經建議他們的脂肪攝入量有三分之一。所以政府一直都主張低脂肪,就是30%的脂肪,10%應該是飽和脂肪,10%應該是單元不飽和脂肪,10%應該是多元不飽和脂肪。因此,他們在脂肪類型的選擇上,實際上有個正確的想法。而且我熟悉飽和脂肪、膽固醇和睾酮水平的文獻。作為一個沒有外源性睾酮的人,兄弟,我會抓住任何能使我保持睾酮水平的飲食優勢。因此,我個人也不會參與零飽和脂肪的飲食。我認為這對人們來說是很好的訊息。你是否知道有任何針對女性的特別營養建議,除了調整體重之外?平均來說,女性的體重往往低於男性,並不總是如此,但——因而也會較低的瘦體重,等等,不是總是如此。針對到目前為止我們所討論的一些主題,你的經驗中,有沒有特別針對女性的看法?像她們在某些事情上會獲益,或是某些事情是男性不必特別關注的?這方面幾乎沒有什麼——幾乎沒有意義上的差異可以普遍化,關於女性必須這樣吃,男性必須那樣吃的說法。唯一我會讓步的是,如果你——如果身邊有個人她的目標是——你知道的?忘掉目標。如果某人正處於生育年齡,她會有每月的生理周期,而在那個生理周期的那段時間內,大約一個月的一周,她的渴望會飆升。她可能會同時感到疲倦,總體上感到糟糕,而且,情緒也會有些不穩定。在那段時間,我認為——我認為女性不應該完全抵抗自己的渴望,尤其是如果某人是在減重飲食中的話。因此,我們會在客戶身上使用一種叫做飲食休息的策略。
    所以如果你正在努力減重,那麼你可以在前三週全力以赴,而在月經周期的那一週稍微放鬆一下。然後在那一週裡,妥協一下你的渴望,我不是說——利用那一週來抵消你之前三週所取得的進展。但是我認為如果你要以週期性的方法來節食,這在女性中觀察起來也相當有效,那麼你的休息週或高熱量週或維持週恰好與月經周期重疊。這樣一來,你就不必與自然抗爭。你可以說是與自然和諧共處,而這樣你有可能更容易改善身體組成。
    至於那些有關圍絕經期或更年期過渡的流言,女性必須以這種方式飲食,必須避免這個那個的說法,這些主張中存在各種各樣的聲音。老實說,這些應該被視為揣測。更年期過渡——更年期在影響者當中現在是一個很熱門的話題。確實有一些研究顯示在更年期過渡期間會獲得脂肪量,同時失去瘦體重,這是在一般人群中的情況。但是圍繞這個話題也有很多恐嚇的言論。有一項研究——被稱為SWAN研究,這是關於這個主題時間最長、規模最大的研究。他們觀察了四到八年的更年期過渡,這通常發生在女性大約在中年四十到五十之間。他們研究了早期更年期、中期更年期和後期更年期,並觀察了這些對身體組成的影響,或者至少是與更年期過渡和身體組成的關係。
    在一個集中的三年半的時間內,大部分變化發生在這段期間,平均增加的體脂肪是1.6公斤。也就是說,約三磅。平均損失的瘦體重是0.2公斤,約半磅的瘦體重。所以,這些事情確實會發生,但發生的程度如何。而且這是在一般人群中,並非像是那些對蛋白質攝入、抗阻訓練等非常講究的健身人士。我不覺得恐嚇是合理的。我知道在更年期過渡期間與之相關的症狀是非常真實的,使得遵循健身計畫或飲食計畫變得相當困難。你知道,潮熱、疲憊、關節疼痛、性功能變化,這些組合會影響睡眠,不良睡眠對一切都會有負面影響。
    因此,你知道,當你作為一個專業人士與正在經歷更年期過渡的人合作時,我認為你可以將他們的期望設定在大約50% 的水準,這個水準是與那些不在更年期過渡的人相比較的。因此,當你可能會對某人設期望,即他們如果試圖減少體脂,大約每週減一磅,那麼你應該對那些在圍絕經期的人設期望,使其能接受約半磅的減少。因為還有其他變化正在發生,讓休息和恢復變得更加困難。
    是的,完全如此。謝謝你的回答。我知道這是一個越來越頻繁的話題,正如你提到的。我認為這很重要,因為這是一個直到最近才受到關注的主題,我想這是因為A,女性健康倡議研究尚未完成,其很多研究在近年完成,因此數據,所謂的,已經出來了。我認為雌激素、睪酮與男性和女性大腦功能之間的關係也是我們現在開始逐漸了解的,用現代成像工具和其他手段。當然,這個領域在即將到來的幾年內會迅速發展。
    談到膠原蛋白。我曾經邀請過一位皮膚腫瘤醫生。我在這個播客上曾與一位皮膚腫瘤醫生討論過膠原蛋白。就我對膠原蛋白數據的理解來看,膠原蛋白的氨基酸組成,通常來自魚類。我相信大多數膠原蛋白來源都是魚類來源,或者是牛類來源。從肌肉蛋白合成的角度來看,膠原蛋白的氨基酸組成並不是特別理想。它在亮氨酸和其他支鏈氨基酸中的含量較低,但在其他氨基酸中則含量較高。而且它所含有的高氨基酸成分,卻占了皮膚和其他軟組織的重要成分。因此,每天攝入15到30克的膠原蛋白可能是有益的,這與飲食蛋白是獨立且分開的,有助於肌肉蛋白合成。還有,如果你不介意我這麼說,你的皮膚非常好。所以你現在53歲,皮膚很好,你會補充膠原蛋白嗎?你對那些專門想通過服用膠原蛋白來改善皮膚外觀而不考慮其他原因的人有什麼看法?
    好的,我想首先要說的是,在所謂的循證社區中,健身專業人士對補充劑幾乎採取了一種類似病態的極簡主義方法。因此幾乎就像是,如果你能避免補充劑、駁斥它並貶低它,那就很好,我們贏了。對於幾種補充劑,我不是這樣,而膠原蛋白就是其中之一。首先,所有人體內的蛋白質中,膠原蛋白是最豐富的。膠原蛋白約占人體蛋白質的20%到40%。它占據了相當一部分的骨組織,而不僅僅是關節、韌帶和腱。
    所以從一個非常簡單、原始的層面來看,每個人對於提供身體可以用來打造這些組織的原材料有什麼問題呢? 而反對的觀點是,身體會將任何蛋白質分解為其組成的氨基酸,並根據身體的穩態需求,將這些氨基酸運送到它們需要去的地方。 或者說,身體在此刻的任何需求。 好吧,如果我們接受這種邏輯,那麼我們可以說,實際上並不存在比其他蛋白質更好的蛋白質,只要我們有基本的必需氨基酸的量。 不,這根本不真實。 此外,有關膠原蛋白的有趣之處(這也是有爭議的)在於其對完全水解的抵抗力,這使得膠原蛋白片段可以在循環中流動並進入目標組織。 這些雙肽,對吧,已經通過同位素示蹤技術觀察到它們進入了軟骨細胞,即關節細胞,並且增加了軟骨細胞的活動。 所以這已經被記錄並發表過了。 但除此之外,為什麼沒有人會對消耗足夠的鈣,飲食鈣,來維持骨骼系統的完整性感到不安呢? 但是,當你談到消耗足夠的膠原蛋白來維持整個身體,包括皮膚的結締組織的完整性時,大家卻會失去理智。 而皮膚是按乾重計算,80% 是膠原蛋白。 然後人們就抓狂了,你知道嗎? 我覺得如果你從來不吃肉的軟骨、骨頭和結締組織部位,至少對膠原蛋白補充持樂觀態度是理所當然的。 如果你不從頭到尾地吃動物食品,而只是吃肌肉肉的話,我認為那個這麼做的人,但卻作為補充品攝取膠原蛋白,將在生活中佔有優勢。 而且,說到這個,我認為這是素食者可能面臨的一個劣勢,直到他們找到一種巧妙的方法來製造非動物來源的膠原蛋白分子。 有多項系統評價顯示膠原蛋白對各種皮膚結果的好處,當然這些也是有爭論的。 乳清蛋白似乎總是對於肌肉相關的效果壓倒膠原蛋白,但你知道的,這不是我們服用膠原蛋白的原因。 所以,回到你最初的問題,是的,我確實有在服用膠原蛋白。 你每天攝取多少? 大約 15 克。 對我來說,這是顯而易見的。 就像,你知道的,提供身體最終會用到的原材料,而爭論的焦點在於生物利用率是否有意義。 啊,你知道嗎? 我願意做第一世界的事,冒這個險,服用膠原蛋白補充劑。 其副作用基本上是不存在的。 很好。 你還有那些其他補充劑? 也許我們可以根據可支配的預算來建立補充劑的層次結構或集群,而不是僅僅把它們列為最重要的。 我們可以先談談可支配的預算。 我認為這是一種現實的觀點。 是的。 那麼,我們同意主要的事情是讓睡眠充足,運動,飲食健康。 為了健康飲食,你要強調你談到的內容,並盡量獲取你能夠負擔的最佳質量來源。 假設有人有足夠的可支配收入,可以持續購買一到兩種補充劑。 我們把鄰近的食物補充劑(像乳清蛋白)與維生素和表現補充劑分開,然後把它們全部列出來,假設我有 150 美元的可支配收入,可以持續獲取一到兩種補充劑。 你會把哪些放入這一類別? 或者如果目標是保持瘦體重不變或增加瘦體重,並使體脂肪保持不變或減少一些體脂肪,整體活力、整體健康、長壽。 對,大局。 明白了,明白了。 所以我的回答將是非常一般科學的。 因為研究這些結果非常困難,我們幾乎是在做補充品時隨意下注,超越擁有多元化的飲食,來自食物組之間和組內,並提供所有必需的宏量和微量營養素,這往往做不到,特別是如果我們在節食、訓練或兩者的結合,尤其是在未能攝取最佳飲食、到處旅行的情況下,這常常會發生。 所以,我個人認為,綜合維他命和礦物質是個非常明顯的事。 這是個看起來再明顯不過的決定了。 像誰能夠吃到這種完美的飲食,剛好攝取所有微量營養素,並且是最佳數量的? 那是個非常罕見的人,這個人必須滿足食品組的需求,並攝取大量來自不同組別的卡路里,並橫向和縱向涵蓋這些組別。 所以,我——這是我一般科學的一部分。 我服用兩種綜合維生素—— 一樣的雙劑量還是兩種不同的? 兩種不同的。 其中一種不含鐵。 好的。 其中一種含有鐵。 你跟餐一起服用嗎? 我跟餐一起服用,是的。 在早上的時候,應該? 我在晚餐時服用。 那通常是我最大的一餐。 好的。 所以,一種高品質的綜合維生素。 嗯哼。 我這樣做。 通常情況下,對於綜合維他的需求,必須是一個絕對大型的膠囊,才能獲取足夠的維生素 D、維生素 D3,因此我也會額外補充維生素 D3。 你每天攝取多少 IU? 哦,這是我開始真正以一般科學思維來回答你了,朋友。 我補充的量相當多。 文獻顯示 1000 IU 以下有好處的研究已經停止了。我目前每天攝取 4000 IU。 我不認為這是特別高的數量。 那你不覺得,你也是個一般的嗎? 是的。
    我意思是,聽著,我有女性家人曾經面臨一些健康困擾,對她們而言,唯一的改變就是每天攝取 5000 IU 的維他命 D3。這對許多主觀和一些客觀指標產生了顯著的正面效果。而這些人都在曬太陽,也吃著非常高品質的食物,真的非常用心地投入。因此,我是個信仰 D3 的人。D3 現在正受到類似魚油的研究熱潮影響。我喜歡這點。所以,這就變成了一個有爭議的補充品,你知道,維他命 D3。你會看到一些立場聲明釋出。哦,好吧,我們曾以為你需要,但其實你不一定需要。好的,多種維他命和鐵,特別是對於經期女性,是不是?對,尤其是你不需要那個。維他命 D3。我每天補充維他命 D3。我還補充魚油,我每天攝取三克魚油。不是三克的 EPA 和 DHA 的總和,而是三克分裝在三個一克的膠囊裡。這是一個不錯的量。我會說……這樣的 EPA 一天能超過一克嗎?差不多是那個量。對,我也是以此為目標。每天一克的 EPA,這意味着大約總共補充三克。對的。一天的 EPA 和 DHA 總和大約是一克,心房顫動的文獻顯示可能會有所風險。但是你知道嗎,兄弟?我不相信我所讀到的一切,即使在經過同行評審的文獻中。你當科學家已經很久了,不會相信所有讀到的東西。對,兄弟,沒錯。這就是事實。有些事情,你只需保持懷疑的態度。你得認識到文獻的證據基礎,然後根據你自己的感受和個人的反應作出判斷。你知道,常規的證據層級是一種考量,但我認為最重要的是你對於並執行這些方案的個別反應。所以,是的,對於魚油,還有另一個會增加多種維他命尺寸的因素是攝取足夠的鎂以獲得好處。因此我也會補充鎂。你偏好哪種鎂?鎂檸檬酸鹽。我對任何形式的鎂都很接受,只是對鎂氧化物不太感興趣。好吧,氧化物是生物可利用性最低的形式。對,鎂檸檬酸鹽。對,鎂檸檬酸鹽。我每天補充約五克的肌酸。我也做了一件“兄弟科學”的事情,哦,我真是在自我揭發。我每天額外攝取一克維他命 C。你想從維他命 C 中獲得什麼效果?對免疫力的影響,還有與膠原蛋白之間潛在的協同作用。哦,對,這方面有一些數據。我意識到你對這一切的框架非常謹慎,在所謂的“兄弟科學”的範疇下。而這只是我個人的觀點。我不會告訴大家都這麼做。你問我在補充什麼。我認為關於維他命 D,D3,以及將 15 克膠原蛋白與維他命 C 結合的研究,至少在針對皮膚彈性的研究中數據是正面的。所以你的觀點並不算太過分。我意識到,觀眾也肯定注意到你對於措辭的謹慎與保守,我相信大家都很感激這一點。那麼五克肌酸,一些維他命 C,還有其他更冷僻的東西嗎?沒有,沒有超出多種維他命 D、魚油、維他命 C、肌酸和鎂的東西。你每週幾天進行抗阻訓練?大約四到五天。你定期做有氧運動嗎?好吧,有些人可能會批評我,我試著讓我的抗阻訓練具備有氧特性。因此,如果你能稱之為有氧運動,我的有氧運動大部分是偶爾在社區內走一走,或偶爾進行非常輕鬆的遠足,可能也會在組與組之間隨意徘徊。我喜歡抗阻訓練。我會讓它變得有趣。我是說,大家都想在組與組之間休息兩到三分鐘,以便移動最大量的負重。但你知道嗎?你可以進行漸進式抗阻訓練。即使在短暫的休息時段內,你也可以進行漸進過載。我是說,只要你搬運的淨噸位是持續上升的。與其在組與組之間休息兩到三分鐘,進展不會那麼快,但我熱愛短暫的休息時間。我喜歡高次數的訓練。你和我不是一起訓練的。我喜歡重訓且動作慢。像是在組與組之間休息三到五分鐘。現在我在進行兩到五次的重複動作。超過六次的感覺就像是有氧運動。但我喜歡跑步,還有其他形式的有氧運動。然而,我們應該確保在某個時候你和凱梅隆·海恩斯一起訓練,因為他每天都進行循環訓練,跑步、舉重、射擊。他會經常練習射箭。他每天跑10到20英里。但他每天都在舉重。他進行我和他一起做的循環式重量訓練。對於像我這樣的人,這真的很折磨。我從未這麼筋疲力盡。我從未如此疲憊。但這聽起來非常符合你的需求。我一直在嘗試進行聚合集訓練。我希望你能試試看。你能給大家解釋一下聚合集訓練是什麼嗎?聚合集訓練基本上是你在進行單組訓練時,將其分解並加入休息時間,該休息時間範圍從大約五秒到二十秒不等。這樣的單邊屈膝訓練呢?像是腿部伸展、腿部推舉,然後再進行深蹲?那更像是超組或巨組。好吧,聚合集訓練是一個單獨的動作——我來解釋一下。我希望你能試試。假設我們進行某個舉動,想像一下——你最喜歡的是什麼的訓練?我喜歡跑步,並且舉重以保持我的力量和穩定性以便於跑步。我最喜歡訓練什麼呢?對,那些肌肉群。
    最近我做了很多運動——我喜歡腿部訓練。 我非常喜歡腿部訓練。 所以我會做——在像是斜板深蹲或腰帶深蹲時我會加很重的重量。 你喜歡做腿伸展嗎? 沒錯。 我也做這些。 好的。 假設你選一個適合腿伸展的重量,可以做到你想要的表現。 在你可能暖身後的第一次工作組。 選擇一個負重,讓你能做到大約16次的極限。 好的。 這樣怎麼樣? 我們做12次。 好的。 12次。 可以。 將其做到極限。 我的同事會說,好的,我會留一個重複的保留量,而你知道的。 我喜歡每次都訓練到極限。 我只是——這樣更有趣。 我已經訓練了很長的時間。 我不會因為訓練到極限而受傷,而我不會在臥推或深蹲時訓練到極限。 但你可以選擇那些可以訓練到極限的動作。 腿伸展就是其中之一。 你可以做到極限。 你可以做部分重複。 所以腿伸展。 所以選擇一個適合你能做12次的重量。 將其做到極限,然後進行五次慢呼吸。 這是一組。 然後再做五次,然後馬上回到那組。 不用改變重量。 嘗試做你之前所做的一半的次數。 通常你會做到。 有時候你不會。 你知道,如果你呼吸得快一點,你可能就做不到。 但如果你的五次慢呼吸夠慢,那麼這種情況下你會達到六次。 好的。 在那之後,再做十次慢呼吸。 嘗試超過你之前的組合。 嘗試做——如果你能做六次,太好了。 如果你能做七次,太好了。 這是一個包含極限的叢集訓練幾次。 那麼你每個部位會做多少叢集訓練? 兩組。 是的。 因為這是多組訓練。 是的。 如果你時間不多,這似乎是一個很好的選擇。 或者如果你有一個需要避開重訓的恼人受傷。 我希望永遠不會處在需要這樣訓練的境地。 你可以在第二個動作中加入一個減量訓練,砰,將重量減少大約25%左右,然後馬上進入,進行減量訓練。 所以,這樣做的意義在於,我為什麼不是那麼熱愛正式有氧運動,因為我的阻力訓練,我嘗試讓它——我有點嘗試在這方面遊戲化。 它最終刺激心血管系統的程度超過你典型的阻力訓練。 我從不否認正式有氧運動的好處。 但只是我如何導航我的訓練,以及堅持我所喜愛的,我每週做的訓練量已經夠多,讓我可以說,看, 無論誰喜歡耐力訓練的效果,知道,提升VO2最大值,推進這方面,太好了,對你有好處。 我只是認為,相比於僅僅保持身體活躍,保持良好的身體成分,並持續堅持這些,這對心血管健康和壽命的好處是有限的。 當然,還有其他生活方式因素。 所以,我想,這是另一個話題。 是的,但我認為這與我們到目前為止所談論的非常巧妙地結合在一起,這是一個現實世界的情況。 像這樣的訓練對你有效。 我,知道,提及對我有效的,但這對你有效。 而你能夠以時間高效的方式融合有氧運動和阻力訓練。 我不總是做叢集訓練。 我喜歡做超級組。 所以如果我,在一個可以進行胸部和背部超級組的站位,我會以最小的休息做超級組。 這也非常高效省時。 或者,知道,你知道,二頭肌對比三頭肌的訓練,或者任何可以進行抗肌肉超級組的動作。 我會利用這一點。 我不一定總是做叢集訓練。 你提到你的妻子是個訓練師。 是的。 她以這種方式訓練她的女性客戶嗎? 你也以這種方式訓練你的女性客戶嗎? 我問的原因是,根據我的經驗,我意識到這是個概括,但我曾經有過女性訓練夥伴。 順便說一下,我有過的一些最好的訓練夥伴是女性訓練夥伴。 她們努力訓練,也都是優秀的運動員。 她們傾向於在初期將阻力訓練視為縮短組間休息的方式。 她們覺得如果心率不持續上升,那就不是運動。 那些人常常在進行低重複、高休息的訓練時感到驚喜。 但通常來說,你更建議剛才所描述的訓練方法,適用於男性還是女性培訓客戶? 說實話,這只是我 Enjoy 的東西。 而且這可能不是增肌最有效的方法,但我覺得這很有趣,我喜歡這樣做。 當我為特定的增肌目標訓練時,我會讓他們經歷一些標準的,知道,讓我們在組間休息,最多負荷的趨勢。我們的訓練強度是有範圍的。 我不,知道,我其實與布萊德·肖恩費爾德的看法一致。 我認為布萊德在增肌領域做了最好的工作。 而增肌訓練是優化代謝健康的最佳訓練方式之一。 因此,我認為任何訓練計劃中都應包括一些增肌訓練。 所以,是的,這只是我喜歡做的。 我意識到這與許多典型的共識並不一致。 謝謝你分享這些。 我認為這突顯了,至少,健身和營養領域中做自己喜愛的事與做正確的事同樣重要。 因為如果你不喜歡它,你就不太可能堅持下去。 所以找到你喜歡的東西。 聽著,我想對你今天來這裡表示誠摯的感謝。 這來得太久了。 我從第一次面對面的會議就知道我們終將會做到這一點。 我很高興我們現在正在進行這次交流。 我必須說,你對文獻的掌握令人驚異。
    謝謝你。你知道,任何聽過這段話的人都會意識到你不僅僅是在隨口說話。你總是會在發表陳述之前,提到你即將傳達的信息的來源,不管那是否是你自己的個人經驗和偏好,無論它是來自於綜合分析,還是來自於某個特定的研究。作為一位學者,我特別欣賞你總是給予研究作者應有的榮譽。我知道人們都聽過這些,但我想強調你在展示證據和歸屬原作者作品的學術性。你對那些對普通公眾來說極具混亂和重要性的龐大主題有著透徹的理解。這讓我想起我在一開始所說的,當我想到艾倫·阿拉貢(Alan Aragon)時,就想到你分享了龐大的知識,以及你為人們澄清事情的巨大能力。今天,你教會了我們蛋白質是極其重要的。蛋白質在不同食物群的不同領域中具有哪些特性,蛋白質攝入的時機,與運動的時機,運動的類型。我們談到了膠原蛋白,還談到了卡路里盈餘和赤字。是的,你可以在同時增肌和減脂。而且你讓這些信息不僅清晰,還非常實用。所以謝謝你,謝謝你,謝謝你今天給我們提供的大量信息,還有你在網上和其他地方持續提供的信息。我們當然會提供鏈接,讓人們可以了解更多關於你的信息。我只想說,繼續下去。我非常重視你作為同事和朋友的存在,對你今天能來這裡我感到十分感激,還有我在社交媒體上說錯話,讓我們有機會見面。現在輪到你了,安德魯(Andrew)。今天能在這裡我感到很榮幸很高興。我真的認為這會帶來很大的價值。再次感謝你所做的一切。
    不客氣,這是我的榮幸。這真是一種快樂,我們還會再請你來的。謝謝你今天和艾倫·阿拉貢的討論。如果你想了解更多關於艾倫的工作,找到他的文章和各種其他資源的鏈接,請查看節目說明標題。如果你正在從中學習並或享受這個播客,請訂閱我們的YouTube頻道。這是支持我們的一個非常好的零成本方式。此外,請在Spotify和Apple上點擊關注按鈕來跟隨這個播客。在Spotify和Apple上,你可以給我們留最高達五顆星的評價,並且現在你也可以在Spotify和Apple上給我們留言。請查看在今天的節目開始和過程中提到的贊助商。這是支持這個播客的最佳方式。如果你有任何問題或對播客、嘉賓或主題的意見想讓我考慮在Huberman Lab播客中討論,請在YouTube的評論區留言。我會閱讀所有評論。對於那些還不知道的人,我有一本新書即將出版。這是我第一本書,名為《協議:人體操作手冊》。這是一本我工作了超過五年,基於超過30年研究和經驗的書。它涵蓋了從睡眠到運動、壓力控制、集中注意力和動力的各種協議。當然,我提供了這些協議的科學依據。這本書現在可以在protocolsbook.com進行預售。在那裡,你可以找到各種供應商的鏈接,選擇你最喜歡的那個。再次強調,這本書叫做《協議:人體操作手冊》。如果你還沒有在社交媒體上關注我,我在所有社交媒體平台上都是Huberman Lab。也就是Instagram、X、Threads、Facebook和LinkedIn。在所有這些平台上,我討論科學和科學相關的工具,其中一些與Huberman Lab播客的內容重疊,但其中很多內容與播客的信息是不同的。在Huberman Lab播客上再次強調,我在所有社交媒體平台上都是Huberman Lab。如果你還沒有訂閱我們的神經網絡電子報,神經網絡電子報是一個零成本的每月電子報,內容包括播客摘要,以及我們所稱的協議,以一到三頁的PDF格式提供,涵蓋了如何優化你的睡眠、如何優化多巴胺、故意進行冷暴露。我們有一個基礎健身協議,涵蓋心血管訓練和阻力訓練。所有這些都是完全免費的。你只需訪問HubermanLab.com,轉到右上角的菜單選項,向下滾動到電子報並輸入你的電子郵件。我必須強調,我們不會將你的電子郵件分享給任何人。再次感謝你今天和艾倫·阿拉貢的討論。最後但絕對不是最不重要的,感謝你對科學的興趣。正如我在今天節目開始時提到的,我們現在與Momentus補充劑合作,因為他們製作的單一成分配方是絕對最高品質的,並且他們可以國際發貨。如果你訪問livemomentus.com/huberman,你會發現許多在Huberman Lab播客的各個集數中討論的補充劑,並且你會找到與這些補充劑相關的各種協議。

    My guest is Alan Aragon, a renowned nutrition and fitness expert and researcher known for sharing the strongest evidence-based approaches to fat loss, muscle gain and overall health and fitness. We discuss how to optimize your protein intake, including how much to consume per meal and when, and the facts and myths about the “30-gram rule” and the “anabolic window” following exercise. We also discuss controversial topics such as seed oils, artificial sweeteners, animal vs. plant proteins, training fasted for fat loss and collagen supplementation. Alan Aragon clarifies the most important topics in nutrition and offers valuable time-saving yet extra-effective ways to exercise. He is a true expert in providing data-supported actionable exercise and nutrition protocols for anyone seeking to improve their body composition and health.

    Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com.

    Thank you to our sponsors

    AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman

    Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman

    Wealthfront**: https://wealthfront.com/huberman

    David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman

    Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman

    **This experience may not be representative of the experience of other clients of Wealthfront, and there is no guarantee that all clients will have similar experiences. Cash Account is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC. The Annual Percentage Yield (“APY”) on cash deposits as of December 27,‬ 2024, is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. Funds in the Cash Account are swept to partner banks where they earn the variable‭ APY. Promo terms and FDIC coverage conditions apply. Same-day withdrawal or instant payment transfers may be limited by destination institutions, daily transaction caps, and by participating entities such as Wells Fargo, the RTP® Network, and FedNow® Service. New Cash Account deposits are subject to a 2-4 day holding period before becoming available for transfer.

    Timestamps

    00:00:00 Alan Aragon

    00:02:17 Dietary Protein & Protein Synthesis Limits?, Tool: Post-Resistance Training & Protein Intake (30-50g)

    00:09:16 Training Fasted, Post-Exercise Anabolic Window, Tool: Total Daily Protein

    00:15:53 Daily Protein Intake, Timing & Exercise, Muscle Strength/Size

    00:23:00 Sponsors: Carbon & Wealthfront

    00:26:46 Does Fasted Training Increase Body Fat Loss?, Cardio, Individual Flexibility

    00:36:53 Dietary Protein & Body Composition

    00:38:58 Animal vs Plant Proteins (Whey, Soy, Pea, Quorn), Muscle Size & Strength

    00:51:24 Sponsors: AG1 & David

    00:54:14 Body Re-Composition, Gain Muscle While Losing Fat?, Tool: Protein Intake & Exercise

    01:02:55 Fiber; Starchy Carbohydrates & Fat Loss, Ketogenic Diet

    01:10:36 Inflammation, Fat & Macronutrients, Hyper-Palatability; Fish Oil Supplementation

    01:16:52 Added Dietary Sugars, Sugar Cravings, Tool: Protein Intake

    01:24:03 Artificial Sweeteners (Aspartame, Sucralose, Saccharine, Stevia), Diet Soda, Weight Loss

    01:30:16 Sponsor: Function

    01:32:04 Caffeine, Exercise & Fat Loss

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  • Dr K (Bad Habit Addiction Doctor): The Truth About Dopamine, Addiction, Pornography & Masturbation

    World-Renowned Addiction Expert Dr. K reveals the SHOCKING truth about masturbation, pornography, dopamine burnout, incels, and why 60% of men under 30 are single. Dr K from Healthy Gamer! 

    Dr. Alok Kanojia (aka Dr. K) is a world-leading addiction expert, Harvard-trained psychiatrist, and founder of Healthy Gamer, the platform helping young adults break free from porn addiction, dopamine burnout, and emotional numbness. He hosts unfiltered mental health conversations on Twitch and is the author of the book, ‘How to Raise a Healthy Gamer’.

    He explains:

    • The deadly trap that fuels loneliness

    • How to rebuild your brain and reclaim your energy from dopamine burnout 

    • How social media is hijacking your brain’s reward system

    • Why so many young men feel lost and emotionally numb

    • How to reconnect with purpose when life feels empty 

      Topics:

      00:00 Intro

      02:30 Who Is Dr. K?

      03:31 Understanding You Can Only Control Yourself

      04:45 The Risk of Wanting to Change Our External Environment

      05:42 Internal Work Will Manifest Outward

      07:28 How to Stop Having a Bad Day

      09:49 How to Get Rid of Desire and Temptation

      13:06 Addiction to Pleasure

      14:30 Why Ignoring Red Flags Favours Evolution

      15:54 Post-Nut Clarity

      19:24 The Societal Impact of Porn

      22:44 The Mating Crisis: What’s Happening Between Men and Women?

      27:54 Are Men Disappearing From Society?

      35:50 Can Society Take Responsibility for Current Issues?

      40:04 Do People Have a Right to Reproduce?

      44:04 Helping Patients With Commitment Issues

      46:20 Treating Addiction

      49:33 Alternate Nostril Breathing Practice

      51:59 Why People Are Addicted to Porn and How to Overcome It

      52:50 How Willpower Works in the Brain

      56:11 Partner Has a Problem With You Watching Porn

      57:03 Why Addiction Is on the Rise in Society

      58:01 Ads

      59:08 Why Do People With Past Addictions Seem to Be Spiritual?

      01:00:12 Addiction Example

      01:01:43 Intersection of Addiction and Spirituality

      01:02:54 Laws of Existence: Why Were You Born in Your Family?

      01:05:02 Do You Believe in a God?

      01:06:52 Meditation, Ego Death, and Otherworldly Experiences

      01:10:59 Why Don’t You Talk About Your Own Spiritual Experiences?

      01:15:55 Should People With Depression Use Psychedelics?

      01:18:46 What Happens After Death?

      01:19:40 How to Cultivate Your “Why”

      01:23:34 What You Think You Want vs What You Actually Want

      01:30:13 Why Do We Not Like Being With Ourselves in Silence?

      01:32:07 Tips for Your Self-Development Journey

      01:35:46 Avoidance of Emotions

      01:37:53 Ads

      01:39:54 Why Resistance Doesn’t Heal Addiction

      01:44:04 AI Girlfriends

      01:46:06 ChatGPT Feeds Into Your Cognitive Biases

      01:51:22 Will AI Hinder Our Ability to Form Relationships?

      01:54:06 What Is the Most Powerful Love in Your Life?

    Follow Dr. K:

    YouTube – https://bit.ly/4kt6zHD 

    Instagram – https://bit.ly/3GucTk6 

    Twitch – https://bit.ly/4koV4Rx 

    You can purchase Dr K’s book, ‘How To Raise a Healthy Gamer’, here: https://bit.ly/3U1D3xH 

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  • First Time Founders with Ed Elson – This Founder is Disrupting Our Addiction to Our Phones

    Ed speaks with Graham Dugoni, founder and CEO of Yondr, a company that creates lockable pouches to promote phone-free spaces. They discuss how smart phones have negatively impacted society, why schools have struggled to go phone-free, and how he runs his company without a smart phone.

    Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

  • The simple math of the big bill

    If we think about the economic effects of President Donald Trumps big taxing and spending and domestic policy bill, we can roughly sum it up in one line. It goes something like this:

    We will make many big tax cuts permanent and pay for those tax cuts by cutting Medicaid and a few other things and also…by borrowing money.

    A lot of money.

    Even more than we’ve already been borrowing over the past twenty years. (And that was already a lot, too!)

    Today: simple arithmetic with profound ramifications. Tax cuts, spending cuts, and whether they balance out. (Spoiler: no.)

    We look under the hood to see how all this is calculated. And we ask: how will a bigger deficit play out for all of us, in our normal, regular lives?

    We’ve covered a bunch more having to do with the big taxing and spending bill and the federal debt recently on Planet Money and our short daily show The Indicator:

    So, how’s this No Tax On Tips thing gonna go?
    A thought experiment on how to fix the national debt problem
    The paperwork trap: A sneaky way to cut Medicaid in the ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’?
    The debt limit, the origins of the X Date, and why it all matters
    What’s a revenge tax?
    Is the federal debt REALLY that bad?

    Support Planet Money, get bonus episodes and sponsor-free listening and now Summer School episodes one week early by subscribing to Planet Money+ in Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney.

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  • How I Bought a $3.4M Business For $200K

    AI transcript
    0:00:01 If you’ve ever thought about buying a business,
    0:00:03 then this episode is gonna be for you.
    0:00:05 Because on the internet, there are a lot of people
    0:00:07 telling you about how amazing it could be
    0:00:09 to just go buy a business that’s already working.
    0:00:11 You just take out a loan, you put very little money down
    0:00:13 and boom, you’re cash flowing and you’re working passively.
    0:00:14 But those are also people
    0:00:16 that are kind of selling you the dream.
    0:00:19 Now, my buddy Dan, is one of my best friends from college,
    0:00:20 just actually did this.
    0:00:22 A couple of years ago, he bought a business,
    0:00:25 a very random, unsexy business that he had no experience in.
    0:00:27 He didn’t have a lot of money coming in.
    0:00:29 He had never bought a business before, but he did it.
    0:00:31 And it’s actually worked out pretty well.
    0:00:33 And I asked him to come on and tell the real story.
    0:00:35 So tell us like, what was it like?
    0:00:37 What’d you do the first hundred days?
    0:00:38 How did you actually find buying the business?
    0:00:40 How much money did you have to put down?
    0:00:41 How much money did it make?
    0:00:42 What are the downsides?
    0:00:42 What are the traps?
    0:00:43 All the real stuff.
    0:00:46 And I love it because Dan was very honest.
    0:00:48 He was very open about all those things.
    0:00:50 And then at the end, he actually brainstormed
    0:00:52 a couple of business ideas that he saw.
    0:00:53 Because when you buy a business,
    0:00:55 you look at hundreds of businesses.
    0:00:58 He actually saw, has a couple of his favorite spaces
    0:00:59 that he thinks people could go into.
    0:01:01 And we brainstormed that at the end.
    0:01:03 So this episode, I think, is going to be a lot of value
    0:01:04 for anyone who’s ever thought about buying a business.
    0:01:07 And then we have a fun brainstorm also at the end
    0:01:08 for other businesses that people could check out.
    0:01:09 All right.
    0:01:10 Enjoy this episode with my buddy, Dan.
    0:01:12 I feel like I can rule the world.
    0:01:15 I know I could be what I want to.
    0:01:18 I put my all in it like my days off.
    0:01:19 On the road, let’s travel.
    0:01:20 Never looking back.
    0:01:21 This is a special one.
    0:01:23 My buddy, Dan, from college is here.
    0:01:26 And me and Dan, we’ve started a sushi restaurant together.
    0:01:28 We’ve owned a pet mouse together.
    0:01:30 We’ve tried to bring down the house at a casino together.
    0:01:33 We have gone through many schemes and dreams.
    0:01:36 And then Dan called me a couple of years ago.
    0:01:39 And I convinced him to try to buy a business.
    0:01:41 And then he has done it now.
    0:01:41 He bought the business.
    0:01:46 And he’s here to tell the story of that whole journey of going from a guy who never thought
    0:01:49 that he would ever buy a business to now owning one of the most random businesses that you’ll
    0:01:50 ever hear about.
    0:01:53 And then I got Sam here, who doesn’t know Dan.
    0:01:54 So it’s me and my college buddy.
    0:01:56 And then Sam, you’re sort of the third wheel on this date.
    0:01:57 Are you ready for this?
    0:01:58 Yes.
    0:01:59 Sign me up.
    0:02:00 This isn’t the first time it’s happened.
    0:02:04 But I’m going to ask questions that usually what I think is what the audience thinks.
    0:02:06 So I’ll ask some questions.
    0:02:07 Yeah, exactly.
    0:02:07 All right.
    0:02:09 So Sam, where do you want to start?
    0:02:10 Just maybe first question.
    0:02:11 Who the hell is this guy?
    0:02:11 Who are you?
    0:02:12 Yeah.
    0:02:13 Who are you?
    0:02:14 Sertner.
    0:02:14 Dan Sertner.
    0:02:17 So I wasn’t his roommate in college.
    0:02:18 I was like the next door neighbor.
    0:02:21 So for the Seinfeld references, I was like the Kramer.
    0:02:23 I’d show up from time to time unannounced.
    0:02:26 Live with this guy for four years.
    0:02:27 So I go way back with Sean.
    0:02:34 And by the way, Sam, the funniest part of meeting Dan the first day of college, I walk in and
    0:02:38 Dan, the way he looks now, he looked exactly the same at age 18.
    0:02:43 And so Dan is standing there and he used to wear a visor because he’s like, I don’t know,
    0:02:44 cool guy from New Jersey.
    0:02:45 Cool back in the day.
    0:02:47 So I thought he was someone’s dad.
    0:02:50 I was like, this guy with a visor, I saw him from the back and he knew everything.
    0:02:51 He was like, laundry’s down there.
    0:02:52 Yeah, you have to do this.
    0:02:55 You know, your meal plan is not going to work until you activate it.
    0:02:56 You have to go.
    0:02:59 He knew everything about the campus and I was totally clueless.
    0:03:01 I didn’t know anything about going to college.
    0:03:06 And so he was, and he had a, he had a single, he was like one of the smart guys who like
    0:03:09 requested having a single room, didn’t have to have a random roommate.
    0:03:11 So Dan’s been ahead of the game for a long time.
    0:03:12 And okay.
    0:03:14 And what business did you end up buying, by the way?
    0:03:17 So I bought a company called Fleet Packaging.
    0:03:19 So it’s a packaging distributor.
    0:03:25 So effectively we work with large retailers in the U.S. who need any sort of packaging.
    0:03:29 So if, you know, you go to a mall, you know, you leave with one of those to-go bags.
    0:03:31 We help companies buy those.
    0:03:34 And then we help with warehousing distribution.
    0:03:37 We make it easy to buy bags overseas.
    0:03:41 So he is Dan the bag man now, which is all you really need to remember.
    0:03:42 Dan the bag man.
    0:03:46 But to get there, I think it’s a fun kind of journey, right?
    0:03:48 So we’re going to skip the part about me and Dan in college.
    0:03:49 And then the company we tried to start together.
    0:03:50 We’re going to skip that for now.
    0:03:51 We can go back there later.
    0:03:58 I think the buying a business story starts where, in actually kind of a funny way.
    0:04:04 So after we kind of try and fail at our first business, we go off and do different things.
    0:04:05 I go move to Australia.
    0:04:07 Dan moves to San Francisco.
    0:04:08 And he goes and gets a job at Facebook.
    0:04:11 A few months later, Dan calls me.
    0:04:14 And he’s like, oh, yeah.
    0:04:19 Sorry, I don’t know what he said, but he was like, yeah, I was just quickly just fixing a bug.
    0:04:21 And I was like, fixing a bug?
    0:04:22 What are you talking about?
    0:04:24 And he’s like, yeah, I’m coding now.
    0:04:25 He’s like, you’re coding?
    0:04:29 He was like an economics, he was like our finance guy.
    0:04:33 Why is our finance guy, what are you doing in code?
    0:04:36 And basically what he did was, I don’t know if you know this, Dan, but I guess at Facebook,
    0:04:40 they have just like a coding academy internally at Facebook.
    0:04:42 Dan, is that how you describe it?
    0:04:42 Like a boot camp?
    0:04:48 Basically, any non-engineer could go like become an engineer just while on the job.
    0:04:48 Is that how it works?
    0:04:49 It’s not explicitly.
    0:04:51 So it’s actually for the engineers when they show up.
    0:04:54 So when you show up, and I actually think they just got rid of this like a few weeks ago.
    0:04:55 So this might be old news.
    0:05:00 But, you know, for the first 20 years of Facebook’s existence, you know, when you get a job as an
    0:05:05 engineer at Facebook, you go to this eight-week crash course on how to be an awesome Facebook
    0:05:06 engineer.
    0:05:09 And it’s not typically open to non-engineers.
    0:05:12 But, you know, why accept the status quo?
    0:05:17 Uh, so I was actually one of the few people who early on was able to take classes there.
    0:05:19 Um, so I started in fraud.
    0:05:21 Do you have a good Farmville fraud story?
    0:05:26 What, what does an average person like us not know about like fraud on a farm?
    0:05:28 Like Farmville sounds like the stupidest thing in the world.
    0:05:30 The fact that there’s even fraud going on.
    0:05:33 It’s like, you know, am I stealing crops from Sam’s farm?
    0:05:34 You are stealing crops.
    0:05:39 Well, what you’re doing is you’re probably, you’re wanting to make a better farm than Sam,
    0:05:40 but you don’t have time.
    0:05:41 Is this for pride or money?
    0:05:44 It’s, well, the fraudsters are doing it for money.
    0:05:46 So the, the buyer is doing it for pride.
    0:05:50 They’re like, I want a bigger farm than Sean, but I don’t have time to actually spend my time
    0:05:51 playing the game.
    0:05:53 So I’m going to go online to the black market, wherever that is.
    0:05:59 And someone’s going to sell me whatever, 200 mushroom seeds to plant in my farm.
    0:06:03 And they’ve procured those illegally because they’ve stolen someone’s credit card.
    0:06:06 And there’s this whole world of Facebook games fraud that existed.
    0:06:10 So, so Farmville was basically like, I don’t know, is this, is that the laundering part?
    0:06:16 Basically the guy steals the credit card, uses it in Farmville, sells the Farmville stuff
    0:06:19 to me, which looks harmless and he gets cash out the other side.
    0:06:20 Precisely.
    0:06:23 This is like a much less cooler version of the wire.
    0:06:24 Pretty much.
    0:06:28 Well, there was also like real money laundering too, where like people would make their own
    0:06:30 app and then launder money through that.
    0:06:32 That one was, was a little more intense.
    0:06:36 Dude, Sam, one time I was like, dad, what are you even doing at Facebook, dude?
    0:06:37 What do you mean fraud?
    0:06:38 What is the Facebook fraud?
    0:06:41 And he goes, have you ever opened up your timeline on Facebook?
    0:06:42 Had you just seen a dick?
    0:06:43 And I go, no.
    0:06:44 He goes, you’re welcome.
    0:06:45 No, that was it.
    0:06:47 Oh no, that, that, that was the later iteration.
    0:06:54 I moved on to community, uh, community tooling, but effectively preventing porn on Facebook.
    0:06:56 So that, that was my go-to line.
    0:06:58 And, uh, what’d you do after Facebook?
    0:07:05 So after Facebook, um, I all of a sudden, you know, had transitioned into engineering.
    0:07:07 I went to a startup, uh, called Namely.
    0:07:12 Uh, it was a payroll company and I joined as an engineering manager, eventually worked my
    0:07:14 way up to be CTO of that company.
    0:07:19 You got to tell Sam the, uh, the brilliant, uh, so Dan’s, Dan’s actually a marketer at
    0:07:19 heart.
    0:07:25 He just never worked in marketing for some reason, but the way he, uh, framed himself in the job
    0:07:26 market was amazing.
    0:07:29 So he’s, he’s, he’s at Facebook, he becomes an engineer there, right?
    0:07:32 So it’s not like he’s like MIT computer scientist, right?
    0:07:37 Like when you think about like, who would be a Duke Spanish major, he’s a Duke Spanish major.
    0:07:40 When he was at Duke, he kept, he kept taking this class called lemurs where he’s going to
    0:07:42 the zoo and looking at lemurs all day.
    0:07:43 Like Dan was, that’s what Dan was doing to do.
    0:07:45 But then he trains himself to be an engineer.
    0:07:50 And then when he goes into the job market, he has this brilliant way of framing himself so
    0:07:53 that he ended up becoming a CTO of this like fast growing startup.
    0:07:54 All right.
    0:07:55 So I leave Facebook.
    0:08:00 Um, as you will see, most of these things are schemes that Sean and I have done in our lives
    0:08:04 that slowly elevated to good ideas, but I left Facebook, um, you know, basically the
    0:08:08 best of the best at the time, like it was, you know, still is, you know, one of the best
    0:08:09 technology companies.
    0:08:12 Um, but I’d say, you know, I was, I was, I joined Facebook.
    0:08:12 There were 3000 people.
    0:08:14 I left when there were 60,000 people.
    0:08:18 So I saw a lot of things and I’m not like old school Facebook rich.
    0:08:18 I missed that.
    0:08:20 And I wasn’t an engineer in the beginning.
    0:08:21 So just want to clarify that.
    0:08:25 But I left and I had, you know, kind of this weird amount of experience.
    0:08:29 Like I had whatever, four or five years of coding experience, which is cool.
    0:08:33 Maybe enough to make me like an eng one or eng two at a normal company.
    0:08:38 Um, but you know, I had moved into management while I was at Facebook and the way that I
    0:08:42 positioned it was, you know, I am a Facebook manager.
    0:08:44 I know how things work at Facebook.
    0:08:49 Let me come into your startup and let me whip your team in shape.
    0:08:52 Let me help your team run like a Facebook engineering team.
    0:08:54 All right.
    0:08:59 So I’ve built a few companies that have made a few million dollars a year and I’ve built
    0:09:02 two companies that have made tens of millions of dollars a year.
    0:09:06 And so I have a little bit of experience launching, building, creating new things.
    0:09:11 And I actually don’t come up with a lot of original ideas.
    0:09:16 Instead, what I’m really, really good at, what my skill set is, is researching different
    0:09:20 ideas, different gaps in the market in reverse engineering companies.
    0:09:22 And I didn’t invent this, by the way, we had this guy, Brad Jacobs.
    0:09:23 We talked about him on the podcast.
    0:09:27 He started like four or five different publicly traded companies with tens of billions of
    0:09:27 dollars each.
    0:09:30 He actually is the one who I learned how to do this from.
    0:09:35 And so with the team at HubSpot, we put together all of my research tactics, frameworks, techniques
    0:09:40 on spotting different opportunities in the market, reverse engineering companies, and figuring
    0:09:45 out exactly where opportunities are versus just coming up with a random silly idea and throwing
    0:09:47 it against the wall and hoping that it sticks.
    0:09:50 And so if you want to see my framework, you can check it out.
    0:09:52 The link is below in the YouTube description.
    0:09:58 But Sam, isn’t that great to just be like, how to rebrand yourself to be like, I’ll make
    0:10:00 your engineering team run like a Facebook engineering team.
    0:10:04 And if you’re a startup founder who’s, you know, sitting, like namely who’s in New York,
    0:10:04 right?
    0:10:09 That’s kind of aspirational to have somebody say that versus just, I have five years of
    0:10:09 experience, right?
    0:10:10 Yeah, man, that’s great.
    0:10:11 Yeah.
    0:10:12 It’s all about storytelling.
    0:10:16 So the story is so far is like, you know, whatever, pretty good.
    0:10:17 You’re stumbling into things.
    0:10:18 Just a smart guy.
    0:10:21 A smart guy with a smart guy with a dream and a little bit of scheme.
    0:10:25 And now you’re in a position where you’re like, I’m at this startup.
    0:10:27 We just raised a bunch of money at a good valuation.
    0:10:29 I’m the CTO.
    0:10:30 I got these shares.
    0:10:30 I’m going to be rich.
    0:10:31 Going to be rich.
    0:10:32 What happens?
    0:10:34 Didn’t get rich.
    0:10:35 Second time.
    0:10:36 Facebook.
    0:10:36 Cool.
    0:10:37 Really didn’t get rich.
    0:10:38 This time didn’t get rich.
    0:10:44 You know, so, you know, long story short, we found ourselves in a place where in order
    0:10:48 to do what we needed to do, we needed to sell the company.
    0:10:50 Or in order for the company to do what it needs to do next, we need to sell the company.
    0:10:56 And it became very clear that this wasn’t going to be kind of this massive windfall that
    0:10:57 I had been expecting.
    0:10:59 Long story short, the company sells.
    0:11:03 I find myself out of a job because as part of the transition, the acquiring company was
    0:11:04 like, we have a CTO.
    0:11:05 So we don’t need you.
    0:11:11 So it’s like five years of hard work and kind of that dream of like, hey, we’re going
    0:11:15 to take something and turn it into something else kind of goes away pretty quickly.
    0:11:19 And that’s kind of where things start to get interesting because, you know, I have Sean on
    0:11:20 speed dial.
    0:11:23 So I had a fortuitous conversation with him that day.
    0:11:25 Was he the one who inspired you to do this?
    0:11:26 Or did you listen to the MFM?
    0:11:28 Or how did that insight come to be?
    0:11:36 Because like, it’s not normal for a Facebook, a Duke Facebook unicorn startup guy to buy business.
    0:11:37 Correct.
    0:11:41 So no, it was, it wasn’t even like a, hey, Sean, I need advice.
    0:11:43 It was just like a random, like, let’s catch up.
    0:11:44 Catch up call.
    0:11:44 Yeah.
    0:11:44 Yeah.
    0:11:45 Let’s just catch up.
    0:11:46 It’s been a while.
    0:11:46 Wait.
    0:11:48 So Sean, did you say like, I use this bag company?
    0:11:50 No, no, no.
    0:11:52 We’re on this college catch up call.
    0:11:52 What’s going on with you?
    0:11:53 What’s going on with you?
    0:11:55 Dan tells us this story.
    0:11:59 We got acquired, you know, there can only be one CTO.
    0:12:00 They already have one.
    0:12:01 So great.
    0:12:01 I’m going to be.
    0:12:04 And so he was just saying like, if you know any cool companies, let me know.
    0:12:05 I’m going to be looking.
    0:12:09 And then I kind of just mentioned to him, I was like, dude, Dan, you’re so like, like ever
    0:12:11 since I’ve known you, you’ve been entrepreneurial.
    0:12:15 And I think like Naval said this once, he goes, you know, other people sometimes see your gifts
    0:12:17 easier than you can see them.
    0:12:20 So he was saying for Naval, he also used to think I’m going to be a scientist.
    0:12:21 And his mom was like, no, no, no.
    0:12:22 You’re going to be a business person.
    0:12:22 He’s like, what?
    0:12:23 Oh, science.
    0:12:24 Right.
    0:12:27 And she’s like, oh, like every time we walk by a pizza shop, you’re telling me all the
    0:12:30 three different things that they should be doing to run their business better.
    0:12:31 Like you’re always doing that.
    0:12:33 You’re naturally, you’re a natural fit for a business person.
    0:12:34 Like that’s what you’re good at.
    0:12:36 And so Dan, same thing.
    0:12:39 Dan was always somebody who was like shooting his shot.
    0:12:43 Like when our freshman year at Duke, all of a sudden there’s like this huge package and
    0:12:46 Dan has like a lifetime supply of stride gum.
    0:12:48 And I’m like, damn, why did you buy this much gum?
    0:12:49 He said, I didn’t buy it.
    0:12:50 I want it.
    0:12:52 And he would always be entering contests.
    0:12:59 I went, you know, one day with Dan, I go to, I go to work and Dan goes, hey, I got to get
    0:12:59 off early.
    0:13:00 I got an audition.
    0:13:01 I’m like, what?
    0:13:02 What are you doing?
    0:13:05 He’s like, I’m going to try to get on wheel of fortune right now.
    0:13:09 And so we, I went with them and we both got casted onto wheel of fortune.
    0:13:10 Well, yeah, you, you leave out the point.
    0:13:13 We like, we came, we were doing the sushi restaurant at the time.
    0:13:16 So we like, we’re both like been working all day.
    0:13:17 We have the bright green headbands.
    0:13:20 Like we have not, like we came in with knives.
    0:13:21 Like we had our sushi knives on our belt.
    0:13:22 We come into this interview.
    0:13:24 Like, no wonder we got cast.
    0:13:25 It was like, this is good TV, man.
    0:13:29 These clowns, but he was always doing this.
    0:13:34 He was always like, he, early on, he started recording like product review videos for like,
    0:13:36 I don’t know, two cents a pop or something like that.
    0:13:39 Like he was just doing random shit all the time.
    0:13:42 So it just seems strange to me that he was like going to get a corporate job.
    0:13:44 Like this didn’t, it’s not like the vision I had.
    0:13:46 So I was like, Dan, you ever started, thought about starting a business?
    0:13:48 He’s like, ah, I don’t really have like a killer idea.
    0:13:50 I feel like I need like a killer idea.
    0:13:53 If I’m going to like put my whole life on the line for something, I go, oh, that’s fair.
    0:13:57 I said, you know, I’ve been doing this podcast and it’s not something I was doing a lot
    0:14:00 of, but like we’ve met a few people who go and buy businesses.
    0:14:03 And it’s honestly seems like a little bit of a cheat code.
    0:14:08 Like, um, as in the business, if you find a business, it’s already working, you don’t
    0:14:09 have to come up with a genius idea.
    0:14:10 It’s already validated.
    0:14:11 It’s already working.
    0:14:12 It’s got years of profitable history.
    0:14:14 You can buy it at a fair price.
    0:14:17 And then if you’re good at executing, like you can grow it over time.
    0:14:20 And, you know, there’s retiring business owners, like there’s reasons these are up for sale.
    0:14:22 And so I just kind of like planted that seed.
    0:14:25 It’s like, would you, I don’t know, like consider that?
    0:14:30 And Dan, I don’t know what your first reaction was, but I bet it was probably just like lukewarm.
    0:14:30 I don’t know.
    0:14:31 It was lukewarm.
    0:14:35 I mean, it was two part one, you know, I, in the beginning I said, Sean, you know,
    0:14:36 always knows what he’s talking about.
    0:14:38 Seems to, seems to have his life figured out.
    0:14:40 My first response, like Sean has no idea what he’s talking about.
    0:14:41 He’s never bought a business before.
    0:14:45 Uh, to this day, that is still my first, you know, my, my main thing.
    0:14:46 It’s like, you don’t know, man.
    0:14:50 Um, but the second one was like, but Sean is a pretty smart dude.
    0:14:53 Like, and he, you know, if he’s saying this is a good idea, it’s a good idea.
    0:14:58 But, you know, my real, my second reaction after that was with what money am I buying
    0:14:59 this business?
    0:15:02 Cause let’s recall, missed the boat on the Facebook riches, missed the boat on the namely
    0:15:07 riches, but it actually turned out and, you know, we’ll, I’ll get into this more later.
    0:15:09 Like you don’t need that much money to buy the business.
    0:15:10 That’s the crazy part.
    0:15:14 And I think it, it took a little bit of digging initially, um, to figure that out.
    0:15:16 And I’ll, I’ll talk more about that in a minute.
    0:15:18 Let’s do a quick Tarantino.
    0:15:19 So let’s give the ending first.
    0:15:26 So let’s say you, you buy, you, you ended up buying a bag business as in like, literally
    0:15:31 if you go to a shopping store and you buy something and they have a custom branded bag when they
    0:15:34 check out, like, there’s a decent chance I made that bag.
    0:15:36 So it’s, it’s, it’s, it’s that big.
    0:15:37 It’s that big.
    0:15:40 I unfortunately can’t, I like, I’m under confidentiality agreements with most of my
    0:15:44 clients, but if you go to a mall, there’s a pretty decent shot that you’re going to touch
    0:15:44 one of my bags.
    0:15:46 We’re going to get it out of you somehow.
    0:15:48 We’re going to, we’re going to get it out of you.
    0:15:49 I mean, I’ll tell you after.
    0:15:51 I’m not bound by any confidence.
    0:15:53 Maybe I can say some things.
    0:15:53 All right.
    0:15:55 So, but, but Dan, let’s give the headline.
    0:15:57 So you buy a business.
    0:16:00 Let’s, we’re going to, we’re going to work backwards for like, cause it’s going to sound
    0:16:00 cool.
    0:16:02 And then we’re gonna be like, here’s the crazy journey of how I got there.
    0:16:02 All right.
    0:16:04 So how much did you buy that business for?
    0:16:07 I bought the business for $3.4 million.
    0:16:10 So he buys a bag business for $3.4 million.
    0:16:14 That business had been around for how long and about how much money was it making when you
    0:16:14 bought it?
    0:16:14 Yep.
    0:16:17 So it was about 15 years old.
    0:16:23 Uh, the business had been making anywhere from, and it was right after COVID.
    0:16:29 So it was a weird few years, but it had been making anywhere from eight to $11 million a
    0:16:29 year.
    0:16:36 in revenue and it was doing on average about $800,000, um, in profit.
    0:16:38 And what’s the URL?
    0:16:39 What’s the URL?
    0:16:41 Fleet, fleet packaging.com.
    0:16:42 Best bags in the business.
    0:16:43 Best bags.
    0:16:45 Do you have like a, do you have like a slogan yet?
    0:16:47 So we’re, we’re working.
    0:16:50 Oh, maybe we could come up with it later on the brainstorm later.
    0:16:56 It’s like, uh, no, we’re working on a rethink your packaging partner or rethink packaging
    0:16:57 partnership.
    0:17:00 Cause what we’re trying to do is, you know, there’s a lot of people that sell packaging,
    0:17:02 but what we’re trying to do is just do it better than everybody.
    0:17:07 Just kind of go that extra level of like, let’s make your life easy as a packaging.
    0:17:07 So Dan explain.
    0:17:12 So you said you bought this business this about 18 months ago, it was doing 11 million in
    0:17:17 revenue, about 800,000 in profit that the seller, that the, the guy who owned it was able to,
    0:17:18 that was his living.
    0:17:20 He’s making $800,000 a year.
    0:17:23 And now, uh, last year, how much revenue did it do?
    0:17:24 You grew the business.
    0:17:26 Last year, uh, we had a record year.
    0:17:33 I think we did, we did about 13, 8 million, uh, in, that was, that was pretty easy to
    0:17:34 get the information out of them.
    0:17:36 Didn’t he just say, he can’t, I just thought I can’t share a client.
    0:17:38 I just thought I can’t share client names.
    0:17:38 I’ll share everything else.
    0:17:43 How much money did you put down to buy this business?
    0:17:45 Cause again, you talked about like, dude, I didn’t, most people assume if I’m going to
    0:17:47 buy a business for three and a half million dollars, cool.
    0:17:49 Where am I going to get three and a half million dollars from?
    0:17:49 Yep.
    0:17:51 And really quick, how much profit does it do now on the 13?
    0:17:56 On the 13, we did like $1.7 million profit last year.
    0:17:58 So you, you, you’ve creamed it.
    0:17:59 I mean, you crushed it.
    0:18:00 You, you, yeah.
    0:18:03 Last year was, I killed it from the, suck on that Zuckerberg.
    0:18:04 I don’t need you anymore.
    0:18:05 There you go, man.
    0:18:05 Got it.
    0:18:10 So you bought a business that made 800, uh, K and profit to, uh, you’ve more than doubled
    0:18:10 it.
    0:18:11 Yeah.
    0:18:15 And there were lots of, and you know, was it every, you know, things that I did that
    0:18:15 doubled it.
    0:18:16 Certainly that was part of it.
    0:18:21 A lot of it was getting out of COVID and figuring out how we position it.
    0:18:25 Um, and it turned out, you know, the business had not kind of reached its potential yet.
    0:18:28 And back to what Sean said, you bought it for 3 million or so.
    0:18:29 Where’d the money come from?
    0:18:30 3.4 million.
    0:18:32 So we did it through an SBA loan.
    0:18:38 Um, and we ended up putting 200,000 down.
    0:18:41 I say we, cause I say me and my wife, cause we put our house.
    0:18:41 On the line.
    0:18:43 Like we went, we went all in on this business.
    0:18:47 Uh, we spent, uh, 150,000, uh, from our savings.
    0:18:50 And then my wife took a loan off her 401k for the other 50.
    0:18:55 Um, so that was the, again, house on the line, 401k on the line.
    0:18:55 Like this was it.
    0:19:00 Was she just down from day one to do this or what did you, did it take a lot of persuasion?
    0:19:03 How did you position this with the wife to, to make that happen?
    0:19:04 She was down.
    0:19:10 I mean, she has a similar kind of philosophy on, you know, we should do something that’s going
    0:19:12 to be kind of a step change in where we’re at.
    0:19:16 You know, if we’re going to bet on someone, we should bet on us.
    0:19:20 And, you know, she knows, Sean, she knows what we’ve been up to for the past, you know,
    0:19:21 however long.
    0:19:23 She knows she married a stallion who just needed to run.
    0:19:27 So this wasn’t like a, oh my goodness, where did this idea come from?
    0:19:28 This guy’s crazy.
    0:19:30 It’s like, no, that, that sounds about right.
    0:19:31 That this is what you’re doing.
    0:19:32 How much of a loan have you paid back now?
    0:19:33 But, but the same.
    0:19:36 So he put, he put down to 200 K, he got an SBA loan.
    0:19:39 And then he had a seller note also, which I think is a key part of this.
    0:19:42 So do you want to explain where the rest of the money came from?
    0:19:44 So 200,000 from you, where’d the other 3.2 come from?
    0:19:45 Sure.
    0:19:47 So 1.8 came from the bank.
    0:19:50 200,000 came from me.
    0:19:56 And then the other 1.4 came from the seller, which effectively we said, hey, like, you know,
    0:20:00 we’re not going to pay this upfront over the next five years, assuming the business continues
    0:20:04 to do well, you know, we’ll pay this second part of the business, or sorry, second part
    0:20:04 of the debt.
    0:20:09 So it’s a forgivable seller note, which means effectively, if the business doesn’t do what
    0:20:13 it’s supposed to do, that debt’s forgiven on any given year.
    0:20:16 So that was part of what made me feel better about the deal.
    0:20:19 You know, because you run all these scenarios when you first buy it, it’s like, all right,
    0:20:21 we’re going to put our life savings and house on the line.
    0:20:23 What happens if things go bad?
    0:20:28 And it’s like, all right, at least half of this debt, if things go bad, we’ll go away.
    0:20:29 Why’d they want to sell the company?
    0:20:31 That seems like a…
    0:20:31 He was retiring.
    0:20:32 He just wanted out.
    0:20:33 He wanted out.
    0:20:39 And that’s kind of the, what I loved about kind of this world, once Sean kind of turned me
    0:20:45 on to it is, like, the baby boomers are retiring, like, the past few years, the next 10 years,
    0:20:46 I forget what the window is.
    0:20:49 But, like, a lot of them don’t have kids, or they have kids that don’t want it.
    0:20:50 This guy had three kids.
    0:20:51 None of the kids wanted the business.
    0:20:55 Dan had told me, he goes, anytime I ran into a business that looked really cool, and the
    0:20:59 guy who owned it was 26, he’s like, I don’t want to buy this off a 26-year-old.
    0:21:00 Why are you selling this business?
    0:21:02 He’s like, I want to buy from a boomer.
    0:21:03 That is my goal.
    0:21:06 I want to buy from a guy that wants to move to Florida and play golf.
    0:21:11 Like, that to me is, like, this business has been great to me, and now I’m done.
    0:21:12 I’ve made my money.
    0:21:12 I’m ready to go.
    0:21:14 Like, that’s the type of business I want.
    0:21:17 And he would probably still answer your phone calls when you had questions.
    0:21:18 Exactly.
    0:21:21 Like, and, you know, spoiler alert, I found, like, the nicest buyer in the history of the
    0:21:21 world.
    0:21:23 Like, I got incredibly lucky.
    0:21:28 Cutting your sales cycle in half sounds pretty impossible, but that’s exactly what Sandler
    0:21:30 training did with HubSpot.
    0:21:36 They used Breeze, HubSpot’s AI tools, to tailor every customer interaction without losing
    0:21:37 their personal touch.
    0:21:39 And the results were incredible.
    0:21:42 Click-through rates jumped 25%.
    0:21:44 Qualified leads quadrupled.
    0:21:47 And people spent three times longer on their landing pages.
    0:21:52 Go to HubSpot.com to see how Breeze can help your business grow.
    0:21:56 So, to me, there’s two kind of good things out of this episode.
    0:21:58 One, I get to hang out with my best butt.
    0:21:58 All right.
    0:22:02 The second would be for other people who are listening to this, that they hear what
    0:22:05 I’ll call, like, the real-life take of this.
    0:22:06 Because Dan’s not selling courses.
    0:22:08 He’s not telling you, you should do this.
    0:22:13 He’s not, like, a business-buying guru who’s got a book and a mastermind.
    0:22:14 None of that.
    0:22:17 I think he’s got good opinions and, like, a real story of, like, all right, where do you
    0:22:17 start?
    0:22:19 So, to me, this episode would be interesting.
    0:22:22 Because if I’m interested in buying a business, I kind of want to know, what is it like from
    0:22:29 a person who’s smart but came in with no experience, no money, and no, like, kind of clue where
    0:22:29 to start?
    0:22:32 Because even though I was like, hey, you should do this, it’s not like I was there helping
    0:22:33 you every day.
    0:22:37 Or, you know, you were wandering around figuring this out, you know, by yourself.
    0:22:41 So, he told me this, I called Dan, like, last week to be like, all right, what do you want
    0:22:41 to talk about?
    0:22:42 He had said something great.
    0:22:47 He goes, all right, I started, and I was high excitement and low knowledge.
    0:22:49 So, I bought the book.
    0:22:50 Oh, you ever heard this framework?
    0:22:51 Like, D1 through 4.
    0:22:58 It’s like, you start high excitement, low knowledge, and then you become, you know, you kind of go
    0:23:00 up in knowledge and down in excitement.
    0:23:05 You kind of enter into the pit of despair, which is low knowledge, low excitement, and then
    0:23:09 you learn more, and you slowly kind of get out of this pit.
    0:23:11 His quote was, this is great.
    0:23:12 It’s going to be great.
    0:23:13 This is going to be easy.
    0:23:14 I’m going to be rich.
    0:23:18 And he goes, then I started, and I realized, this is not easy.
    0:23:21 This is not going great, and I might not be rich.
    0:23:26 And so, do you want to talk about, like, how you actually, like, what’d you do?
    0:23:28 Yeah, first, maybe 100 days, what’d you do?
    0:23:30 Well, first, how’d you find the company?
    0:23:33 So, I ended up finding the company through a broker.
    0:23:34 Got it.
    0:23:38 So, a lot of what I started to do, and I’ll go back to the beginning in a second, but,
    0:23:41 you know, there’s a ton of business marketplaces out there.
    0:23:44 Acquire.com, probably the most known for tech.
    0:23:48 Biz Buy Sell, for kind of more of those main street businesses.
    0:23:52 But there are these brokers that effectively represent buyers and kind of put together these
    0:23:54 packets of, like, hey, I have this bag business.
    0:23:55 Here’s what it does.
    0:23:59 And most brokers, I was telling this to Sean, hate searchers.
    0:24:03 Because they just assume, like, you know, people are, you know, they just saw a Cody
    0:24:04 Sanchez video.
    0:24:06 They’re about to buy a business.
    0:24:06 Like, they’re pumped.
    0:24:09 You know, this morning, they saw the video, and now they’re ready to buy the business.
    0:24:10 So, they reach out to the broker.
    0:24:13 This one broker actually, like, understood.
    0:24:14 He’s like, I get it.
    0:24:16 I understand this jump from tech to this.
    0:24:20 And then, like, several months later, he calls me back, which is rare.
    0:24:21 Like, most people didn’t.
    0:24:22 He’s like, I got this business.
    0:24:24 You know, check this guy out.
    0:24:26 So, it ended up happening through a broker.
    0:24:28 And to go back to Sean’s thing, the first 100 days.
    0:24:31 So, the first thing, you know, hate Google.
    0:24:33 Started reading books.
    0:24:34 Started watching videos.
    0:24:36 Started to just learn, like, what is a search fund?
    0:24:38 That was something that, like, Sean didn’t use that word.
    0:24:42 But eventually, I found it, where effectively, there’s kind of a few models to do this.
    0:24:49 One of them is kind of a search fund where someone will actually, you know, you get someone to finance you looking for a business.
    0:24:53 And then, you take a small piece of it, and they effectively own most of it.
    0:25:00 Like, there’s lots of courses now in business schools, you know, teaching entrepreneurship through acquisition.
    0:25:02 It’s kind of the fancy way of talking about it.
    0:25:06 And then, there’s kind of, like, this other model of, you know, you just do it yourself.
    0:25:10 You know, you effectively bootstrap it, find the money yourself, do it through an SBA loan.
    0:25:13 So, first, it was kind of, like, educating myself on the different models.
    0:25:17 You know, I thought a little bit about getting the funding.
    0:25:21 But at the end of the day, it’s like, no, if I’m going to do this, like, it’s going to be me.
    0:25:23 I don’t want to answer to anybody.
    0:25:25 And then, it was really, like, finding this community.
    0:25:28 And there’s a really cool community in search.
    0:25:32 It’s been growing pretty steadily over the past, you know, call it five-ish years, I think.
    0:25:36 But there’s a website called searchfunder.com.
    0:25:39 Like, those were my people during the time.
    0:25:41 Because search is, like, it’s a very lonely process.
    0:25:44 When you guys say, look at 100, what does that mean?
    0:25:46 Does that mean browse a website with 100?
    0:25:48 Or does that mean actually due diligence on 100?
    0:25:49 So, it’s something in the middle.
    0:25:51 So, you basically see kind of, like, the headline on the website.
    0:25:54 It’s, like, laundromat for sale, you know, $4 million.
    0:25:58 Like, usually, you’ll get, like, the flashy headline and not much more information.
    0:26:01 Then, you kind of got to double-click in and request information.
    0:26:03 And so, you usually sign kind of an NDA.
    0:26:08 And you’ll get something called a SIM or a confidential information memorandum.
    0:26:10 So, it’s kind of look at, like, 100 of those.
    0:26:13 Because that’s really going to show you, like, here’s the finances of the business.
    0:26:15 Like, here’s kind of the story that they’re putting together.
    0:26:18 It’s like a summary of the business today.
    0:26:22 And so, that’s the one where it’s, like, you know, I think a mistake is people think,
    0:26:26 like, you fall in love with the first few businesses you see.
    0:26:27 Like, oh, this is great.
    0:26:28 Yeah, I can buy this.
    0:26:32 And you kind of really, like, I mean, you’re just like a teenager that just went through puberty.
    0:26:35 And you just fall in love with the first, you know, the first set you see.
    0:26:37 And you’re like, well, no, that’s probably not the right way to do this.
    0:26:43 Let me actually just plan that it’s probably going to take me over 100 to even find one good one.
    0:26:46 And let me have that mental expectation.
    0:26:50 And let me start counting how many I’m looking at and not just, like, being desperate to find,
    0:26:51 you know, the one right away.
    0:26:54 And then you’re saying, like, you know, you’re looking at an HVAC company.
    0:26:55 You’re like, I don’t know what HVAC is.
    0:26:57 You’re looking at the financials.
    0:26:58 You’re like, I don’t know which number to look at.
    0:26:59 It’s overwhelming.
    0:27:04 But you kind of got to go through those reps and figure it out before you even have any idea
    0:27:04 of what you’re looking at.
    0:27:09 I kind of liken it to looking for a house because I think that’s a, you know, or an apartment
    0:27:12 even because that’s something that most everyone goes through, even if they’re renting.
    0:27:16 You know, usually the first time you see it, you have nothing to compare it to.
    0:27:22 So you end up kind of getting to a place where you can spot the winners from the losers faster.
    0:27:26 But like Sean said, when I first started, it was like super exciting because it’s like
    0:27:27 the ultimate career fair.
    0:27:28 It’s like, oh, cool.
    0:27:30 I’m going to be a landscaper.
    0:27:35 I’m going to be, you know, I’m going to own, you know, a scrap metal recycling center.
    0:27:37 It’s like you just get so excited.
    0:27:42 And again, the business brokers, especially like they make these things sound amazing.
    0:27:43 It’s like, of course I want to buy this business.
    0:27:46 So what were some of the cool businesses you saw?
    0:27:49 Like what’s one, what, give us an example of one that you kind of like, but you didn’t
    0:27:50 end up pulling the trigger.
    0:27:56 So my favorite example is I got pretty close to buying a sausage company.
    0:28:00 It did about like $10 million a year in sausage.
    0:28:02 You know, my favorite, my favorite anecdote on this one.
    0:28:04 Sam is also a fellow sausage man, actually.
    0:28:06 I know, I know that.
    0:28:09 If we held an event, it might also be a sausage fest.
    0:28:09 We don’t know.
    0:28:13 You’re, you’re almost a purveyor of fine wieners.
    0:28:13 That could have been.
    0:28:14 I could have been.
    0:28:15 And still maybe.
    0:28:18 So you went, but you didn’t just like look at, you didn’t just read the same.
    0:28:19 You’re like touring.
    0:28:19 No, I went there.
    0:28:24 I went to this, I went to this, I’m like walking through, like pretending to know what I’m talking
    0:28:24 about.
    0:28:26 Like, you know, how hot does this oven get?
    0:28:28 Like, it’s like, that’s the biggest thing.
    0:28:29 You gotta like figure out what questions to ask.
    0:28:30 This is a really common.
    0:28:33 Have you guys heard of the secretary problem?
    0:28:33 Yeah.
    0:28:35 Somebody, explain it.
    0:28:36 Somebody told us that on the pod.
    0:28:40 So I used it when I was looking for an apartment the other day, and it was actually pretty
    0:28:40 magical.
    0:28:45 And so the thing is, is that, so I’m repeating from memory, so I might get it wrong.
    0:28:48 But basically, if you have, it started with the secretary.
    0:28:55 If you’re hiring a secretary, you’d want to interview, let’s say you had 10 interviews lined
    0:28:55 up.
    0:29:02 You wouldn’t want to pick who to hire until you saw at least 37% of the applicant pool.
    0:29:09 And so for example, if you saw 10, or if you had 10 to see 10 interviews, you’d want to go
    0:29:10 through the first four.
    0:29:15 And then after the first four, you would select the first person who you met that was of equal
    0:29:19 value to or close to the highest person you saw in the first four.
    0:29:19 Does that make sense?
    0:29:26 So if you see an apartment, let’s say you go and see 100 of them, the first 37, you don’t
    0:29:26 do.
    0:29:32 But the next one after the first 37 that you see that is as good as the best one that you
    0:29:34 previously saw, that’s the one you select.
    0:29:36 And that’s called the secretary problem.
    0:29:38 So you can’t go back and buy that first one?
    0:29:38 You can’t go back.
    0:29:39 You cannot go back.
    0:29:44 But you need to spend time exploring the first third to see what all is out there.
    0:29:46 That’s fair.
    0:29:48 I bought the house that I found on the first day of touring.
    0:29:51 So I just want to make sure I didn’t violate the secretary problem.
    0:29:51 But I did.
    0:29:52 You did.
    0:29:54 But you didn’t with the business.
    0:29:55 I didn’t with the business.
    0:30:00 And so of the 100 or so that you saw, were there any that looking back, you’re like,
    0:30:00 that was a winner?
    0:30:09 No, it wasn’t until we saw and, you know, there were a few close ones where like, I think
    0:30:12 I was under LOI, maybe three or four times.
    0:30:16 For example, that sausage company had like one huge client.
    0:30:17 They had one huge client.
    0:30:18 And no contract.
    0:30:18 No contract.
    0:30:20 But you thought they were amazing.
    0:30:24 That’s kind of my point is you thought of some were so good that you’re under LOI.
    0:30:28 Yeah, but then you get, you know, you’re under LOI and then you get, you know, the full amount
    0:30:30 of information and then you very quickly see like.
    0:30:34 LOIs are also in this business is like a very, it’s kind of like.
    0:30:38 Agreeing to a first date more than it is an engagement.
    0:30:40 People, people make LOIs.
    0:30:42 They’ll have three LOIs out at the same time.
    0:30:44 And it just says it’s an agreement.
    0:30:46 We agree to look more, right?
    0:30:49 We agree to take this seriously to show you some interest here.
    0:30:53 But it’s not like, it’s not binding in the way that you would, that you think when you
    0:30:54 first go into this.
    0:30:57 Or if you’re the seller, you’re like, oh, we got an LOI.
    0:30:58 It’s like, well, hang on.
    0:31:03 I would bet the LOI to close ratio is probably, I have no idea, but I would guess it’s like
    0:31:07 under 20%, you know, in terms of just LOIs received during a process.
    0:31:11 Yeah, because, you know, you’re not giving the, a lot of the information you’re not even
    0:31:13 getting until that point anyway.
    0:31:15 So, you know, you’re checking all the boxes up until there.
    0:31:16 Like, this seems good.
    0:31:18 I think this is going to be good.
    0:31:22 And then, you know, you get their financials or you go tour it and you find kind of that,
    0:31:24 oh, this is why, you know, you’re selling it.
    0:31:26 Or this is why it hasn’t been bought yet.
    0:31:27 That’s another thing.
    0:31:29 One thing you did that, that was great.
    0:31:33 I think, I think I kind of was like, the one piece of advice I think I was pushing on you
    0:31:36 was like, hey, write a memo for every one of these deals that you like.
    0:31:40 Basically, he would, he would write me like a one page notion memo that was basically
    0:31:41 like, what is the business?
    0:31:44 Why does it, you know, like how, like, what is the current state of it?
    0:31:46 Just speak in numbers only, right?
    0:31:47 Why is the seller selling?
    0:31:50 You know, what’s the one reason that you would buy this business?
    0:31:52 What’s the one reason you would not buy this business?
    0:31:56 You know, what are the kind of, and you would just go there and you would write these memos.
    0:32:01 And I feel like that was key because I remember you would call, you were like excited about,
    0:32:04 let’s say, like, I don’t know, what was an example of one you were excited about that?
    0:32:06 But then after the memo, we talked it, we beat it up.
    0:32:08 And then we were like, no, this is not worth doing.
    0:32:10 It was a Clover app.
    0:32:11 I remember the conversation.
    0:32:15 So basically, like, so the Clover point of sale system, like when you’re like checking
    0:32:18 out of a restaurant, it’s like, you know, they flip it and you’re like, what’s your tip?
    0:32:20 This guy made different apps for it.
    0:32:23 So like, you know, like when you round up for charity, for instance, I think that was one
    0:32:24 of his apps.
    0:32:26 So it was actually pretty interesting.
    0:32:28 It was like, hey, Clover’s a growing super niche.
    0:32:29 Yeah, very niche.
    0:32:31 But he owned 20 of these things.
    0:32:34 It was, you know, more up my alley in terms of tech.
    0:32:38 But, you know, when I actually hashed it out with Sean, you know, it was kind of like at
    0:32:42 the end of the day, it was very niche, very small.
    0:32:47 And there wasn’t necessarily a good path to grow that business.
    0:32:51 It was just something that like was interesting now, but probably didn’t have the longevity
    0:32:54 of, hey, you’re, you’re about to swing.
    0:32:57 You know, this is going to, that’s another thing you said to me, Sean, you were like, this
    0:33:02 is going to be, you know, don’t, don’t listen to all those like blogs out there of like, yeah,
    0:33:03 you’re going to buy this, flip it.
    0:33:05 And the next year you’re going to buy two more businesses.
    0:33:08 Like, no, you’re probably going to be working in this business for, for a little bit of time.
    0:33:10 Make sure it’s good.
    0:33:11 Make sure it’s lasting.
    0:33:15 And I think that first one was an example of like, for sure, if I was going to buy 10
    0:33:16 businesses, maybe that was one of them.
    0:33:18 But like, that’s not the game we’re playing right now.
    0:33:20 A couple other, I thought like key points.
    0:33:23 One was don’t buy a job.
    0:33:27 So I think early on when you go to search, you see big price tags and you get scared a
    0:33:29 little bit because it’s like, how am I going to afford this?
    0:33:31 And like, this is too risky.
    0:33:36 And so you gravitate towards things that feel like kind of safer and more achievable, but
    0:33:39 it’s actually a bit of a trap because it’s like, yeah, this is safer, more achievable.
    0:33:41 It nets a hundred grand a year of profit.
    0:33:47 I can buy it for only, you know, he only wants 180 or something like that.
    0:33:50 And so you get excited because it seems cheap.
    0:33:54 But the problem is it’s still going to take all of your time to own, to buy this business,
    0:33:55 to run this business.
    0:34:00 And you basically bought a job versus the thing you bought, which was like $11 million in
    0:34:03 revenue, doing a million dollars a year, almost a profit.
    0:34:04 Real dollars.
    0:34:04 Yeah.
    0:34:05 That’s not a job anymore.
    0:34:06 Now that’s like an asset.
    0:34:07 That’s like a real business.
    0:34:10 And yes, it took more risk and it took more time to find a good one of those, but it was
    0:34:11 like well worth it.
    0:34:13 So I feel like that was another kind of like key learning.
    0:34:17 I think we both had during this process, like became blatantly obvious.
    0:34:17 Yeah.
    0:34:22 Not rushing the search and you want to trust me, like call it like five months in, you know,
    0:34:25 when you really hit this pit of despair of like, I’m never going to find anything.
    0:34:30 Everything under $5 million is trash, you know, private equity scooping up, scooping up all
    0:34:34 the good stuff and anything that’s left, you know, under this point, like there’s a reason
    0:34:35 it’s there.
    0:34:38 You kind of just get to this place like you’re never going to find it.
    0:34:42 It’s easy to want to just grab one and say like, those things are fine.
    0:34:45 Like we’ll kind of ignore those, those holes in the business.
    0:34:49 I’ve made so many bad decisions, like most all bad decisions that I’ve made.
    0:34:54 It was, I could like, it’s like I had principles leading into this and I got fatigued and I didn’t
    0:34:55 stick to my principles.
    0:34:57 Yeah, exactly.
    0:35:01 There was one that was like an SEO business as it was actually like a good business, but
    0:35:03 what was the situation with that one?
    0:35:03 Yeah.
    0:35:07 So that one was, it was like a competitor for like a SEM rush.
    0:35:09 You know, it was a solid business.
    0:35:14 It made, I think it did like a million, it was like half a million to a million a year in
    0:35:14 profit.
    0:35:16 Like it was, it was a nice business.
    0:35:22 But this was right as, you know, AI was really starting to becoming kind of the center point
    0:35:25 of the conversation, especially as it relates to search.
    0:35:28 I helped a friend buy a company that was in the SEO space.
    0:35:33 And anytime an SEO company wants to sell, it’s sort of like at a time, do you guys remember
    0:35:34 Bitcoin miners?
    0:35:40 like the, it’s like, so if these are so good, why are you selling a money printer?
    0:35:41 Like a literal money printer.
    0:35:41 Yeah.
    0:35:47 And SEO is sort of the same way where it’s like, wait, so if you’re just getting like a
    0:35:50 fountain of traffic and customers, why would you want to get rid of this?
    0:35:51 Well, that’s the same thing.
    0:35:55 It’s like when you meet a 30 year old selling a business, it’s like, you know, why?
    0:35:56 And that, that was exactly that.
    0:36:00 And I think going into, you know, let’s call it the AI headwinds.
    0:36:03 It was like, there’s a lot of reasons this business might be completely different.
    0:36:08 And I think Sean said, like, unless you feel like you’re the best suited to take this SEO
    0:36:13 company into the, you know, the next five years, there’s more risk than upside.
    0:36:14 And it’s like, that is not my background.
    0:36:16 You know, that’s not the game I want to play.
    0:36:22 And funny enough, I was actually in LOI with this SEO company when I found fleet.
    0:36:25 And I, I was, I almost wrote off fleet.
    0:36:26 Like it seemed really interesting.
    0:36:30 And I like, there was some part of me that, you know, didn’t have me rejected, even though
    0:36:33 I was kind of in very late stages with this other company.
    0:36:35 Thank goodness.
    0:36:36 I, you know, I made that pivot.
    0:36:38 So let’s tell the story.
    0:36:41 So you, you, the broker calls you, says, check out this business.
    0:36:42 What happens from there?
    0:36:48 So from there, um, I think this was before I was under LOI, but, you know, effectively fleet
    0:36:52 looked very different than a lot of these other companies.
    0:36:55 Like the finances at first glance, like we’re super clean.
    0:36:59 Um, you know, the story made a lot of sense.
    0:37:03 Like a lot of these Sims and a lot of these brokers, like, you know, yes, they’re padding
    0:37:08 things and trying to make things sellable, but, um, there was always like a blatant
    0:37:11 gotcha in a lot of these, like, let’s take the sausage example.
    0:37:13 They’re like, Oh yeah, this makes half a million a year.
    0:37:13 Oh.
    0:37:17 And by the way, he also makes another 400,000 in cash.
    0:37:19 Um, but we don’t pay tax on that.
    0:37:20 So like, you can’t see that anywhere.
    0:37:23 And it’s like, a part of me is like, that’s kind of cool.
    0:37:27 It also sounds a little dangerous, like selling $400,000 worth of sausage on the side of the
    0:37:27 road.
    0:37:32 Um, but like, there’s always something like that, uh, with a lot of these businesses, but,
    0:37:34 but fleet was like very clean.
    0:37:36 Like everything was kind of buttoned up.
    0:37:40 The story was really tight and it kind of checked all the boxes of like, this is a recurring business.
    0:37:43 Like people are rebuying the bags several times a year.
    0:37:45 They have these amazing clients.
    0:37:49 They have these amazing factories that like, it looked very different than, than these other,
    0:37:50 than these other companies.
    0:37:51 It sort of sounds like Denner Mifflin of bags.
    0:37:52 Exactly.
    0:37:52 Yeah, exactly.
    0:37:54 I am Michael Scott.
    0:37:59 Um, you know, it’s, it’s, it’s a, it’s a necessity that these companies need.
    0:38:00 Um.
    0:38:01 So what’d you do?
    0:38:02 You go, you meet the guy?
    0:38:04 I was actually going to say no to the broker.
    0:38:08 Um, because again, this SEO thing was heating up.
    0:38:11 I hadn’t had my, you know, come to terms talk with Sean yet.
    0:38:12 He’s like, Hey, the seller wants to meet you.
    0:38:14 You know, let’s all go out for lunch.
    0:38:16 Um, I was like, all right.
    0:38:17 I’m like free lunch.
    0:38:17 That’s cool.
    0:38:20 Um, so we meet for lunch.
    0:38:24 Um, and like my goal was like, you know, entertain this business.
    0:38:26 But at the end of the day, like I’m under LOI.
    0:38:28 So I really shouldn’t, uh, free lunch.
    0:38:28 Yeah.
    0:38:29 Free lunch.
    0:38:30 I should, I should break up with him.
    0:38:36 After this lunch, but we start talking and like, you know, just had this instant connection
    0:38:36 with this guy.
    0:38:38 Like he was the most standup guy.
    0:38:43 Uh, I had met in, in the past few months, especially when it comes to like the business ownership,
    0:38:49 you know, he wasn’t trying to, um, you know, pull something over my eyes.
    0:38:50 Like he wasn’t trying to spin the story.
    0:38:51 He’s like, this is the story.
    0:38:54 Like a lot of people like, you know, put lipstick on a pig.
    0:38:58 Uh, this guy was like selling a rabbit or selling a different animal.
    0:39:01 Like it wasn’t like, he kind of said it as it is.
    0:39:02 And it was, it was very refreshing.
    0:39:07 Um, and like in that moment, it was like, I kind of abandoned the, like, I’m going to break
    0:39:08 up with you.
    0:39:09 And like, we kind of went the other way.
    0:39:11 We started talking about like, okay, well, how are we going to work together in the transition?
    0:39:12 And how are we going to grow this?
    0:39:19 Um, and then my favorite part is they, uh, you know, they asked if we wanted any dessert
    0:39:22 and he’s like, oh, do you want to share a tartufo?
    0:39:24 And I was like, yes.
    0:39:26 And we shared a tartufo.
    0:39:30 I don’t think I’ve shared dessert with my wife ever, but I shared a tartufo with this guy.
    0:39:35 And like, I remember calling my wife after and I was like, you know, I didn’t do what I was
    0:39:36 supposed to do.
    0:39:39 Like I was supposed to break up with this company, but like we shared a tartufo and
    0:39:41 like, I think we’re going to buy a bag business now.
    0:39:44 Um, and it was just like this, like complete 180.
    0:39:47 Um, but in hindsight, literal Michael Scott, right?
    0:39:48 Isn’t there even a scene at Chili’s?
    0:39:49 That’s like exactly this.
    0:39:50 Yeah, exactly.
    0:39:53 It would be like a lava cake or something like that.
    0:39:55 A tartufo.
    0:39:59 A tartufo is very, I don’t, I don’t think that was my first tartufo I’ve ever had too.
    0:40:01 Who knows what a tartufo is?
    0:40:02 I had to Google it.
    0:40:05 You’re, you’re my type of people, Dan.
    0:40:06 I’ll tell you that.
    0:40:07 There we go.
    0:40:11 And then, you know, from there, I, you know, I broke it off with the SEO guy.
    0:40:13 You know, we ended up like diligence took a while.
    0:40:17 That’s like the second part was like, okay, like now you’re committed to buying a business.
    0:40:19 How are we going to do this now?
    0:40:22 Um, and like, it actually took four months.
    0:40:26 Um, cause again, like I’m signing my house away, signing my life savings away.
    0:40:30 Um, like I needed to be damn sure that this thing was going to be solid before I did that.
    0:40:34 Um, and then like the world of search, like took on kind of like that next chapter of like,
    0:40:38 all right, well, how do you actually like figure out, you know, are the assumptions you’ve made
    0:40:43 in this quick few week period of dating, like, are they correct?
    0:40:46 And we kind of transitioned to that, uh, that phase of the process.
    0:40:52 What, uh, what, uh, what, what was wrong and what was right for your assumptions and what
    0:40:55 was the difference in his asking versus the paying?
    0:41:00 So we actually negotiated the price of it pretty early.
    0:41:05 Like that part actually happened during the LOI for the most part, or like 99% of it.
    0:41:09 And there were actually five bidders, which I thought was a lie.
    0:41:15 Like I kind of assumed this was, um, them bluffing because they were like, yeah, we got four
    0:41:18 people in the packaging industry that want to buy and then there’s you.
    0:41:21 So, you know, it’s going to be competitive, blah, blah, blah.
    0:41:24 But again, I just figured that was a tactic to try to drive the price up.
    0:41:27 Um, but to this day, the, you know, the seller maintains that that was the case.
    0:41:30 So at this point I have no reason not to believe it.
    0:41:36 We ended up taking, I think they wanted three, five or three, six for the company.
    0:41:38 So we ended up, uh, agreeing to three, four.
    0:41:42 The part that took the most negotiation was that forgivable seller note.
    0:41:50 Uh, so the biggest kind of, uh, red flag in the business, uh, was that one client was over
    0:41:52 50% of their revenue.
    0:41:57 So my biggest fear, rightfully so was, you know, everything’s great today.
    0:41:59 They’ve been a client for 15 years.
    0:42:03 You know, what happens if next year they leave all of a sudden is a very different business.
    0:42:09 So what we did was, you know, kind of ran the numbers of the bank and said, Hey, in order
    0:42:13 for us to finance this, like this is, this is the number that we’d have to have if for whatever
    0:42:14 reason we lost that client.
    0:42:20 So that part was probably the, you know, the most intense of the negotiations, but for better
    0:42:23 or worse, like most of what he said ended up being true.
    0:42:24 Like there weren’t any of these.
    0:42:26 And then he said that in the sim, like that, that wasn’t news.
    0:42:34 What was surprising to you or what was different than the dream that gets sold on social media?
    0:42:39 So if you watch the videos and you see Cody Sanchez telling you to buy, just buy a laundromat,
    0:42:42 it’s going to, you’ll be rich, whatever, that, that type of shit.
    0:42:44 Like, was it in line with that?
    0:42:45 Was it different than that?
    0:42:47 What was the difference if there was one?
    0:42:52 Yeah, it’s not nearly as easy as a Cody Sanchez makes it seem.
    0:42:55 And I, I probably went a little more overboard.
    0:43:00 I think like when I think about the amount of time I spent in diligence, the amount of money
    0:43:06 I spent in diligence, you know, I like, I’m a risk taker for sure, but I’m a calculated risk
    0:43:06 taker.
    0:43:12 So it’s like, before I make this gigantic gamble on the rest of my life, I want to make sure I’ve
    0:43:14 done everything humanly possible.
    0:43:17 And I think when you watch a lot of these videos about buying the business, like they
    0:43:22 make it seem like, you know, you can just find one and then kind of transition right away.
    0:43:23 And the whole process is really easy.
    0:43:28 Like the process of getting the loan, like some people liken it, actually, I think Cody Sanchez
    0:43:29 likens it to this.
    0:43:33 So maybe, maybe she actually isn’t setting unrealistic expectations, but it’s like, it’s a financial
    0:43:34 colonoscopy.
    0:43:36 Like they want to know everything about you.
    0:43:39 And like that part’s tough.
    0:43:44 And then you give the company a colonoscopy to try to figure out everything about it, quality
    0:43:45 of earnings, that sort of thing.
    0:43:49 And one of the things that I did, I think that I’m happiest that I did because it got me the
    0:43:53 most comfortable outside of, you know, paying for accountants and lawyers to scour things
    0:43:56 was I shadowed the guy.
    0:43:57 So every week.
    0:43:59 Cause he, he happened to live in New York city too.
    0:44:00 Oh, the whole thing was serendipitous.
    0:44:03 Like he lived 20 minutes from my house.
    0:44:03 Wow.
    0:44:08 And I, the, the, the, you know, before I signed the SIM, it was like packaging distributor in,
    0:44:09 in the Northeast.
    0:44:11 So like, you know, it could have been in Boston, could have been wherever.
    0:44:13 Uh, this guy lived 20 minutes for me.
    0:44:15 That’s how the Tartufo was so accessible.
    0:44:21 But I literally went to, I went to the office every week, sat with the guy, um, for several
    0:44:23 hours and just, he walked me through packaging.
    0:44:27 He walked me through his day to day and it just gave me it, you know, it started
    0:44:29 my training of like, okay, well, how am I going to run this business?
    0:44:33 But it allowed me to really kind of take what was on that paper and figure out, you know,
    0:44:37 okay, this is, these are the skills that I will need to run this business.
    0:44:39 This is how I might be able to grow it.
    0:44:40 This is where I might need more help.
    0:44:42 Um, it made it more real.
    0:44:46 And I think I was lucky in that I was able to do that because I’ve talked to other searchers.
    0:44:48 I was like, you know, let’s go back to the laundromat.
    0:44:49 You know, you buy a laundromat.
    0:44:53 I would imagine day one, you kind of walk in and the machine breaks and you’re like, oh crap.
    0:44:54 Like, what do I do?
    0:44:56 I know nothing about these machines.
    0:44:57 Now I need to find a mechanic.
    0:45:02 Like everything is a little more complicated and nuanced, uh, with regards to even like
    0:45:04 how laundromats are, you know, I went down the laundromat path.
    0:45:06 Like I spent a while thinking that was going to be my destiny.
    0:45:10 And it’s like, well, no, like valuing a laundromat, like actually has a number of facets and you
    0:45:12 need to kind of really get into the weeds there.
    0:45:17 So, you know, I’d say like the biggest takeaway is like, it is hard and it takes time.
    0:45:20 It’s not something that you can just do, you know, for a few minutes a day.
    0:45:24 Um, like you really got to invest in making this happen if that’s what you want to do,
    0:45:27 or you’re going to end up, you know, with some surprise down the road.
    0:45:31 I think that’s probably my biggest relief is like, I’ve been waiting for, you know, the
    0:45:32 shoe to drop somewhere.
    0:45:33 And like, this is what I missed.
    0:45:36 And like, you know, knock on wood, haven’t had that yet.
    0:45:38 How many hours a week are you working on it now?
    0:45:39 And how many hours a week was he working on it?
    0:45:47 He was probably working, let’s call it 25 to 40.
    0:45:49 I think he definitely was working less.
    0:45:51 He kind of had it on autopilot.
    0:45:57 I think he had started to, you know, kind of tune out a little bit, but not in a way that
    0:45:58 like he neglected the business.
    0:46:00 It was just like, he’d been in packaging all his life.
    0:46:01 Like he could run it in his sleep.
    0:46:07 He wasn’t as focused on kind of doing the growing or renegotiating things with suppliers,
    0:46:08 building the supplier base.
    0:46:13 You know, I’m probably working on, you know, 50 to 60 hours.
    0:46:15 Like I spend like a bunch of time on this.
    0:46:18 How much were you able to take home?
    0:46:21 So that’s the million dollar question.
    0:46:22 It’s like, okay, cool.
    0:46:24 Your business is making all this money.
    0:46:30 You know, at the end of the day, two years in, I’m still only making, you know, 150 a year.
    0:46:36 Like I take the minimum amount that I need to for, you know, IRS compliance because I’m
    0:46:38 saving the rest in able to finance growth.
    0:46:42 Like I, like I’ve made enough to pay back the loan, but I’m not paying back the loan because
    0:46:43 I need that cash to fuel the growth.
    0:46:49 It’s a very cash intensive business and I’m not in a place quite yet where I can take as
    0:46:50 much off the table.
    0:46:54 Although Sean has been giving me some other frameworks saying like, Hey, you actually should
    0:46:54 be doing this.
    0:46:58 What’s that framework, which is like, if you want to replace yourself, you have to pay yourself
    0:46:59 the replacement costs.
    0:47:01 No, not that.
    0:47:04 But basically I did this in one of my businesses.
    0:47:09 It’s not right for everybody, but I think it’s easy to go into rainy day mode as a business
    0:47:09 owner.
    0:47:13 When you play like two conservatives, you know, several of our businesses right now have just
    0:47:17 like, like one of our businesses has just like two, $3 million just sitting in the bank
    0:47:17 account.
    0:47:20 And the bank, like it goes up every month.
    0:47:24 It’s not like we have this like wild swings where you need this big cash reserve buffer.
    0:47:26 It’s not like a heavy inventory business.
    0:47:29 It’s like, you know, your, your, all of your operating expenses is a salary and you know
    0:47:30 your salaries.
    0:47:32 So there’s no surprises coming next month.
    0:47:36 And even if there was like one of my friends, uh, our buddy, so we told me this, I was like,
    0:47:37 how much do you keep in there?
    0:47:39 Like three months of working capital, six months, 12 months.
    0:47:43 Like, I think I have like 12 months of working capital sitting in the bank right now.
    0:47:45 He’s like, no, I just take it all out.
    0:47:46 I’m like zero months.
    0:47:46 He goes, yeah.
    0:47:48 He goes, I own this business myself.
    0:47:51 So if I ever need the money, I just lend it back into the business.
    0:47:53 Like I just, I can always write the check back.
    0:47:55 It forces you to make a profit as well.
    0:47:56 Yeah.
    0:47:59 And so Andrew Wilkins, I came on this podcast and had this book, he was talking about profit
    0:48:00 first.
    0:48:04 And I really liked the philosophy of it, which is basically with normal business, you have
    0:48:06 your revenue, then you have all your expenses.
    0:48:11 And then it’s like, surprise, here’s how much profits left over after all that.
    0:48:15 And usually what actually happens is there’s not as less profit than you would have guessed.
    0:48:17 And it’s why, because expenses were a little higher, blah, blah, blah.
    0:48:20 And you’re always in this profit comes last.
    0:48:22 Profit first was basically you decide upfront.
    0:48:24 You say, okay, I want to have a 20% profit margin.
    0:48:29 So you take your revenue, you set aside money for taxes, which you know is going to be,
    0:48:34 so you take your revenue, you take your profits, you set aside amount for taxes.
    0:48:37 What’s left is your expenses budget.
    0:48:41 So instead of making profit, the thing that comes last, you make the expenses come last.
    0:48:42 And then you have to say, all right, cool.
    0:48:47 Then my marketing budget can only be this much because I’ve decided to take this much as a
    0:48:50 as a profit, a set profit margin out of my business.
    0:48:53 And I don’t adhere to it 100%.
    0:48:55 I don’t think it’s right for every business.
    0:49:00 But I do think that, you know, Dan, in this case, I think he’s being a little overly conservative
    0:49:01 as to how much cash he’s leaving in the business.
    0:49:02 I did that too.
    0:49:07 And the longer I delayed it, I took away one very valuable thing, which is if you have,
    0:49:11 if you pay yourself every month out of the business and one month that’s light or another
    0:49:14 month that’s heavy, the body just reacts to it.
    0:49:15 If it’s light, you’re like, yo, what the hell?
    0:49:18 And you will go fix a part of your business that was broken.
    0:49:22 If you just leave it in and it’s just like a P&L, it’s just numbers on a spreadsheet.
    0:49:23 It’s not money you actually receive.
    0:49:27 You know, you’ll wait 15 months before you end up correcting that problem because it’s
    0:49:29 all fictitious money anyways.
    0:49:30 It’s not money you’re actually getting.
    0:49:35 And so I think that actually getting that check every month creates this feedback loop that’s
    0:49:37 actually quite valuable to a business owner.
    0:49:42 It’ll cause you to scrutinize unnecessary expenses or like go after it.
    0:49:44 Because once you taste a big month, like Sam, we have this with MFM.
    0:49:48 If we have a big month in the next month, I’m kind of like, well, I kind of like the
    0:49:49 feeling of that one.
    0:49:50 Yeah, let’s do that again.
    0:49:50 What do we need?
    0:49:51 One extra episode too?
    0:49:52 Should we go get a guest?
    0:49:54 What’s Monish doing today?
    0:49:55 Let me see what’s going on over there, right?
    0:49:59 Like you start to think about what you could do to go drive it back up.
    0:50:02 And I think there’s an unhealthy version of that, but there’s some healthy components to
    0:50:02 that.
    0:50:03 Yeah.
    0:50:07 So I think that’s a lesson learned for me.
    0:50:10 I think I’m still in the very conservative, you know, what if I need this money?
    0:50:16 And I do have high working capital costs, especially around now, kind of pre-holiday.
    0:50:17 I’m about to have to write a bunch of checks.
    0:50:25 But very soon I should get to a place where I can take more out and or start paying back
    0:50:26 some of the debt a little faster.
    0:50:29 All right, listen up.
    0:50:32 Turn the volume up because it’s your boy, Sean, and I got a little message for you.
    0:50:34 I talk to hundreds of founders a week.
    0:50:36 And when I talk to founders, everyone says the same thing.
    0:50:39 That the one thing they need the most is not funding.
    0:50:41 It’s not more resources.
    0:50:43 It’s just having more time.
    0:50:44 The goal here is to win.
    0:50:48 And the way you win is you get yourself free time to do stuff that’s high impact.
    0:50:49 How do you do that?
    0:50:50 Well, I’ll tell you my solution.
    0:50:52 The answer is Gabby.
    0:50:54 Well, you might be wondering, who is Gabby?
    0:50:55 Gabby is my assistant.
    0:50:57 She is my wonderful assistant.
    0:50:58 Gabby lives in Latin America.
    0:51:01 And she helps me save about 20 hours a week.
    0:51:06 So what she’s doing for me is every morning, my inbox is sorted and triaged.
    0:51:10 And the most important stuff is right at the top with draft replies ready for me.
    0:51:11 So I’m never behind on email.
    0:51:15 And then as I’m on the go, I’ll just send her voice notes saying, hey, could you find my
    0:51:16 kids a soccer class?
    0:51:18 Hey, could you take care of this car registration thing for me?
    0:51:22 All these little tedious BS things that would take up time in my day.
    0:51:23 She takes care of for me.
    0:51:25 And so that’s free time I’m getting back.
    0:51:29 So if you are a CEO who’s serious about growing your company, you need to get yourself an assistant.
    0:51:31 The best place to go is somewhere.com.
    0:51:35 Somewhere sources the best assistance from low cost areas for you.
    0:51:39 So you can get an amazing executive assistant who’s got business experience and has supported
    0:51:43 other CEOs for seven, eight, nine, $10 an hour.
    0:51:47 And so go ahead, go to somewhere.com, tell them I sent you, they’ll hook you up with a good
    0:51:48 deal and get yourself an assistant.
    0:51:49 And you can thank me later.
    0:51:50 All right, back to this episode.
    0:51:54 So Sam, I’m curious, what’s your reaction to this whole thing?
    0:52:01 So I think that for people who have your personality type, which is you, you’re a very serious person,
    0:52:07 I think like, like you’re a person like if I was a broker and I met you, I would not think
    0:52:07 you were kicking tires.
    0:52:09 I’d be like, oh, this guy’s for real.
    0:52:11 Like it’s, you have the very obvious for real energy.
    0:52:16 And if you have that very obvious for real energy, we’re like, no, I’m going to do this.
    0:52:17 This makes sense.
    0:52:20 I think that the path that you’re taking is so wonderful.
    0:52:24 And I, my assumption is that you’re going to be wildly successful.
    0:52:27 And so I think it’s very wise to do.
    0:52:34 I think that if you, if you are an unserious person where you are not willing to put your
    0:52:39 house up or something like that, that’s kind of like the, one of the tells, like if, so if
    0:52:43 you’re like not serious like that and you are not willing to do the diligence and say, I’m
    0:52:46 willing to look at 100 things, I would say, do not do this.
    0:52:47 Yeah.
    0:52:49 I think there’s also one, I think you said it perfectly.
    0:52:54 There is one more thing to it, which is what situations do you shine the most?
    0:52:59 And so like for Dan, I think he always had an entrepreneurial streak that was used as like
    0:53:00 random side quests in life.
    0:53:04 Like we would go try to win the McDonald’s monopoly game every year.
    0:53:05 Like we tried to like actually win it.
    0:53:06 Not just like hope.
    0:53:08 We thought we were going to win it.
    0:53:10 We were like dumpster diving, trying to, trying to win this stupid thing.
    0:53:10 Right.
    0:53:15 Like, or, you know, we started a blackjack club at, on campus and we’re running simulations
    0:53:16 to see how much money we can make.
    0:53:21 If we started a blackjack club, like we were always trying to come up with ideas.
    0:53:26 It was more fun to come up with our own idea versus just like, go get a job and do the
    0:53:26 thing.
    0:53:33 And so I feel like if you know that you actually turn up the most, you’re the most version of
    0:53:36 you when you’re doing this type of shit, when you’re like in control of your own fate and
    0:53:41 you have your own project as arbitrary as like, you know, bags are, doesn’t matter.
    0:53:42 It’s like, I’ll take bags super seriously.
    0:53:46 I took, he took gum seriously, blackjack seriously, sushi seriously, like all those things.
    0:53:51 I think that that’s the other part, which is not the part you said, but then also if you
    0:53:56 really are like at your core, more entrepreneurial and you’re more switched on doing that, then you’re
    0:54:00 going to have a better result doing this than you are if you, you know, stay in a more
    0:54:01 traditional job.
    0:54:05 That’s my, I think, I think people, you know, when I tell them about, you know, first
    0:54:09 it’s always like the unbelievable way you do what, but then the second, like their mind
    0:54:14 goes like, oh, I should do that because, you know, it sounds great in hindsight, right?
    0:54:17 Like when everything works out, it’s like, cool, of course, this is easy.
    0:54:18 Of course, anyone can do it.
    0:54:24 But I think people miss the point that there’s a lot of ways that this doesn’t go like that
    0:54:26 and it’s not necessarily the most glamorous.
    0:54:28 I also think most people shouldn’t do this.
    0:54:32 So for example, this is not something I like, this does not fall within my skill set.
    0:54:38 So my, like, uh, if I had to guess you, when you were buying the company, like you guys were
    0:54:41 negotiating over 10, 20, 30, $40,000 things.
    0:54:47 Like if I had to guess you were incredibly anal about the paperwork, you were asking, you’re
    0:54:50 like, what’s this 300, what’s this $3,000 charge?
    0:54:51 What’s this?
    0:54:53 That is not what I do.
    0:54:54 I do not do that.
    0:54:55 That kills me.
    0:54:56 That does not fit my personality type.
    0:55:01 So I have bought and invested and done a bunch of real estate stuff in my time.
    0:55:06 And, uh, I lose on all of it because you make your money when you’re buying it.
    0:55:10 And when you sweat the details up front, which is not, that is not what I do.
    0:55:12 I don’t think necessarily that is what Sean likes to do.
    0:55:17 And I think that if you are the type of person who plays a board game and you memorize all the
    0:55:23 rules and you like sweat the details, um, and you have that attribute, then this, uh,
    0:55:26 buying a company is, it could potentially work well for you.
    0:55:30 I’m the guy that takes the rule book out of the box and reads it to explain to everybody.
    0:55:31 Exactly.
    0:55:34 If you have that trait, this could be awesome.
    0:55:34 Life-changing.
    0:55:35 Yeah.
    0:55:40 So Dana, one of the other cool things about doing a search for a business is you realize
    0:55:43 how big the universe of businesses is.
    0:55:46 And I asked you, I said, you know, usually we try to brainstorm business ideas with people
    0:55:47 like what opportunities do you see?
    0:55:50 Um, you said you would come up with a couple ideas.
    0:55:53 Give us a couple of your ideas of what you think other people could go do.
    0:55:55 Um, this is just like the, the sort of random section.
    0:55:56 Yeah.
    0:56:00 I think the, I mean, the biggest takeaway, like from buying a business before I get into,
    0:56:03 into the ideas, like everything’s a business, right?
    0:56:07 Like you walked, you know, go look at any store, you know, every little piece of that
    0:56:11 business is something that someone sells, like that display that says for sale, like someone
    0:56:15 sells that, like the, the holder for the gum on the store, like that’s a business.
    0:56:21 It’s like, I don’t think I really appreciated how random and how basic some of these businesses
    0:56:21 can be.
    0:56:24 And people make really good money doing it, uh, even packaging.
    0:56:26 It’s like, you don’t really think about that.
    0:56:31 Um, by the way, I’m pretty sure Robert Kraft, the owner of the Patriots, the, he owns the
    0:56:32 Kraft group.
    0:56:33 I think that’s a packaging company.
    0:56:36 It could be, there are so many packages.
    0:56:38 They make corrugated cardboard.
    0:56:41 One of our best episodes ever.
    0:56:45 If you want to go listen to a great episode is the Sarah Moore episode on this podcast.
    0:56:48 And she’s the, I think it’s called the egg carton queen.
    0:56:50 And her thing was, she, she did the same thing you did.
    0:56:55 Basically she went and found a retiring guy who owned a business that sold, that sold egg
    0:56:56 cartons.
    0:57:00 Like not the eggs, the carton, they come in and you don’t even think that’s a business.
    0:57:02 Like you, when you go look at, you’re like eggs.
    0:57:03 Yeah.
    0:57:03 Okay.
    0:57:05 There’s a farm that sells eggs.
    0:57:08 You don’t even realize that the farm has to then buy egg cartons.
    0:57:12 And there’s somebody whose job is to make egg cartons and they sell it at the best price
    0:57:13 and the best value, blah, blah, blah.
    0:57:16 And so her episode, I think is amazing.
    0:57:19 And you see that the other example, Sam, that I always give when I explain what this podcast
    0:57:26 is to people is I talk about like, everything you see is there because someone sold it.
    0:57:29 Like nothing gets there by accident.
    0:57:34 And so I was like, you know, even in the workplace, if you go to your break room and there’s a poster
    0:57:36 on the wall, that’s like the labor code.
    0:57:38 There’s a guy in Minnesota that sells that.
    0:57:41 He makes a million dollars a year selling you the poster every year.
    0:57:43 Once I heard that, I was like, oh shit.
    0:57:48 It’s like a physicist when he learns about string theory or some shit, you know, it’s
    0:57:49 like, oh, it’s everywhere.
    0:57:49 I get it.
    0:57:51 Oh, the waves are particles.
    0:57:52 You see the world of the components.
    0:57:52 Yeah.
    0:57:56 All the components themselves are businesses too.
    0:58:01 And then you realize like, if you’re not making it in business, it’s mostly because of a lack
    0:58:03 of creativity and effort.
    0:58:07 It’s not because of a lack of opportunity because literally every item everywhere is itself,
    0:58:10 you know, a business that somebody is running to get it there.
    0:58:12 And so, you know, there’s no lack of opportunities in that sense.
    0:58:12 Yeah.
    0:58:16 So now I’m like hardcore on the other end of the spectrum of like, as unsexy as possible.
    0:58:18 I want to do that.
    0:58:21 Like, I want to, I want to be the guy that has like the most random thing.
    0:58:22 I like packaging is pretty random.
    0:58:26 Like, you know, in a, in a future world, once I, you know, if, and when I’m done with
    0:58:27 this, like, I want to go even further.
    0:58:28 Yeah.
    0:58:31 By the way, do you have, when you lay, when you’re laying in bed at night, what do you
    0:58:31 think?
    0:58:33 Like in 10, 20 years, we’re going to, we could be this.
    0:58:37 Like, do you have, do you, do you think this could be a hundred million dollar company?
    0:58:39 Do you think you’re, you could sell it for a certain amount?
    0:58:42 What’s your sort of North star that excites you?
    0:58:47 So, you know, at this point, I don’t have any plans to sell it.
    0:58:51 I do think it could be a hundred million in sales company easily.
    0:58:57 Like there’s so like some of these big packaging players are huge and we’re able to compete
    0:58:57 with them.
    0:59:00 That’s kind of the, you know, we’re small in the scheme of things.
    0:59:02 Like it’s a, it’s a nice size business, but we’re small in the scheme of things.
    0:59:06 But what I’m finding is as we, as we work with these brands, like we actually do have a pretty
    0:59:11 differentiated offering because we are small, we’re scrappy and people love that.
    0:59:16 And, you know, as we’ve been able to kind of add clients I’m like, oh, this thing can
    0:59:21 really take, like we can really scale this up and, and, you know, start to gain more
    0:59:22 traction with these large brands.
    0:59:27 And, you know, the crazy thing is people spend 10, you know, these big companies spend tens
    0:59:28 of millions of dollars on their packaging.
    0:59:33 So you could easily get like five clients to get you to a hundred million like, like that,
    0:59:34 if, if it’s the right five.
    0:59:37 So my goal is to grow it.
    0:59:40 I do think in a few years I’ll, I’ll hire an operator to run it.
    0:59:44 One of my biggest pieces of advice to people searching is like, don’t assume you’re going
    0:59:47 to hire the operator day one, especially if you’re putting your house on the line.
    0:59:51 Cause there is not a single person that I trust to run this business when I’m going
    0:59:52 to get kicked out on the street.
    0:59:57 If it fails, when I get to the place that I feel better about that, like only then will I
    1:00:01 then decide, okay, well maybe I’ll hire someone and just do more strategic work.
    1:00:04 But yeah, the, like I’m loving doing what I’m doing now.
    1:00:07 So I think it’s eventually scaling my time.
    1:00:09 So it’s not like I’m very involved in all the processes right now.
    1:00:13 And I designed it that way because that’s how I learned, you know, I’d love to be able to
    1:00:17 go away and not have to take a call because the blue isn’t blue enough.
    1:00:19 Like, you know, I got a lot, I do a lot of color matching.
    1:00:24 When we were doing the sushi restaurant, Dan was not only sweating the details in the finance
    1:00:29 side, but we were like, dude, we don’t really know how a restaurant works.
    1:00:31 None of us have ever worked at a restaurant.
    1:00:36 So Dan went and got a job at noodles and company and he studied them from the inside and we treated
    1:00:37 it like it was like oceans 11.
    1:00:40 Like every day he’d come home and we were like, what did you write a report?
    1:00:40 Yeah.
    1:00:41 Yeah.
    1:00:45 And he’d like draw the workflows or he’d like, what did you learn?
    1:00:45 And what did you bring me?
    1:00:47 Give me the pesto cavatappi.
    1:00:47 Yeah.
    1:00:52 Then he’d bring the pesto cavatappi and he’d be like, trust me, do not eat the tomato basil
    1:00:52 soup.
    1:00:53 We’re like, why?
    1:00:54 It seems just tomato soup.
    1:00:56 He’s like, don’t eat the tomato basil soup.
    1:00:58 And so he was like, went undercover.
    1:00:59 And he was like willing to go to that.
    1:01:03 And then I had like the big reveal, like the big undercover boss reveal at the end when
    1:01:03 I quit.
    1:01:04 Yeah.
    1:01:08 By the way, were they blown away by the fact that you’re like, I am creating a sushi chain?
    1:01:13 I think I tried to hire the GM and she’s like, all right, like that sounds better than what
    1:01:14 I’m doing here at Noodles & Company.
    1:01:17 Like she was like, like, I thought you’d be like, you betrayed me.
    1:01:18 It’s like, cool.
    1:01:20 You’re like, oh, you’re trying to move next door.
    1:01:21 Great.
    1:01:23 Like we can trade food at lunch.
    1:01:30 So Dan, you, um, let’s do, uh, let’s do, actually, do you have that, the business plan
    1:01:30 that we made?
    1:01:31 Do you still have that binder?
    1:01:32 Yeah.
    1:01:32 One sec.
    1:01:33 Let’s find it.
    1:01:39 So the story here is that, uh, not only did Dan work undercover at Noodles & Company
    1:01:40 at some point.
    1:01:43 Also, this was not a, I didn’t just put that there.
    1:01:46 Like that’s lived there behind, behind me.
    1:01:46 You just keep that there?
    1:01:47 I don’t have one.
    1:01:48 I need to get a copy of this.
    1:01:48 All right.
    1:01:48 I have this.
    1:01:51 I also like our Sabi sushi hat is right there.
    1:01:52 Oh, nice.
    1:01:53 Yeah.
    1:01:56 So basically the first business we, me and Dan, uh, and our buddy Trevor had out of
    1:01:59 college was to create, it was a brand called Sabi sushi.
    1:02:01 The idea was to create the Chipotle for sushi.
    1:02:05 So go get, go get sushi the way you eat Chipotle, where you can just walk down the line, you pick
    1:02:07 your ingredients and you get the thing.
    1:02:08 This is our big idea.
    1:02:09 And, um.
    1:02:11 Which was, I maintain a good idea.
    1:02:12 Uh.
    1:02:12 At the time.
    1:02:13 I think it’s been proven.
    1:02:17 It’s been proven it’s a bad idea, but like I still want it.
    1:02:17 Okay.
    1:02:23 So, so we, not only did Dan work undercover at noodles and company, we then go in, I don’t
    1:02:26 know how we get a meeting with the founder of noodles and company and we show up to this
    1:02:27 meeting with this binder.
    1:02:29 This binder is our business plan.
    1:02:33 We had been working on this for months while we were searching for a location.
    1:02:37 And can you just hold up the thickness of this binders as people see it?
    1:02:37 Oh yeah, it’s thick.
    1:02:38 Uh, let’s see.
    1:02:39 Yeah.
    1:02:44 Like this is probably a couple hundred pages of a business plan in there and there was stupid
    1:02:44 things.
    1:02:46 So part of it is what you would expect.
    1:02:47 Like here’s the startup cost.
    1:02:51 But part of it was dumb stuff like the uniforms and how we’re going to like progress people
    1:02:54 from, from entry level to manager and what their values are and all.
    1:02:59 We had not sold a single role to a single customer and we’re worried about all this other shit.
    1:03:03 So, but what we think we’re tricking ourselves into thinking that planning equals productivity
    1:03:06 and you know, spoiler planning did not equal productivity.
    1:03:09 Uh, we’re basically doing a very fancy form of procrastination.
    1:03:12 And so we get to this meeting with this guy from noodles and company.
    1:03:15 I think his name’s Aaron, if I remember correctly.
    1:03:16 And he, um.
    1:03:17 I forgot that guy’s name.
    1:03:18 He’s like, all right.
    1:03:19 So like, what’s the plan?
    1:03:23 And we think we’re about to wow this guy.
    1:03:24 And we’re like plan.
    1:03:24 Oh, funny.
    1:03:25 You should ask.
    1:03:27 Whip out that binder.
    1:03:29 Slam it on the table.
    1:03:31 It’s basically like, here’s our plan.
    1:03:33 Look how great this is.
    1:03:34 And I remember he looks at it.
    1:03:36 And first of all, it looks like a kid’s project.
    1:03:41 Even the cover is like, we inserted this colorful thing in the front plastic thing.
    1:03:44 And then he flips through and he’s like, realizes pretty quickly.
    1:03:48 Oh, these idiots wrote a 250 page business plan for their sushi restaurant.
    1:03:50 And they don’t even have a location.
    1:03:51 They don’t have any customers.
    1:03:53 They’re starting on, you know, from scratch.
    1:03:57 And I remember the look on his face.
    1:04:01 And then I remember like the moment that was rock bottom for me in the whole sushi journey,
    1:04:04 which was that he should have just ripped us and be like, guys, what the hell are you doing?
    1:04:06 And this is so ass backwards.
    1:04:10 Like, why don’t you get out there, start testing your concept, see if people actually want this.
    1:04:12 And then like, you know, you’ll learn by doing.
    1:04:16 And instead, he kind of took pity on us and didn’t say that.
    1:04:18 I could tell he wanted to say something.
    1:04:23 And then he was like, and then he just tried to be nice about it.
    1:04:27 And I was like, oh, my God, we’re so bad that he feels like he needs to be polite about this.
    1:04:30 That means we’re even worse than just being bad.
    1:04:34 And I just remember realizing like, well, I don’t know what the right answer is,
    1:04:35 but whatever we’re doing is dead wrong.
    1:04:38 I could tell you that right now after that meeting.
    1:04:43 I just remember years later, years later, someone did tell us that, though, in Boston.
    1:04:47 You know, we were talking about, we were about to sign a 10-year lease.
    1:04:50 And we literally just met this guy like 10 minutes ago.
    1:04:55 And he, oh, he was, it was a guy, he like owned a bunch of Boston markets.
    1:04:56 I don’t know if you remember that.
    1:04:57 Yeah, John Prendergast.
    1:04:58 Prendergast.
    1:04:58 Oh, my goodness.
    1:04:59 Nice call.
    1:05:00 That’s his name.
    1:05:04 He was doing a tech company now, but he was like,
    1:05:08 you know, early in my career, I own 20 or 30 Boston markets.
    1:05:12 And so he’s like, so I know a little bit about the quick service industry.
    1:05:13 Let me, you know, be your mentor.
    1:05:14 Yeah.
    1:05:17 But he basically just tore the whole thing to shreds, like within five minutes.
    1:05:19 It was like, this is wrong.
    1:05:20 Don’t sign that lease.
    1:05:24 And like Trevor, like wasn’t in Massachusetts with us when we were doing this.
    1:05:25 We like, he was like about to sign the lease.
    1:05:25 We like called him.
    1:05:26 We’re like, wait, no.
    1:05:28 Um, well, this guy, this guy was great.
    1:05:32 Cause he’s like, you know, so like he asked us a question and we gave him the answer we’d
    1:05:33 been giving everybody else.
    1:05:37 So I think he was something like, you know, so what makes you think that there’s like, there’s
    1:05:38 demand for this?
    1:05:40 And we were like, well, you know, sushi has been on the rise.
    1:05:42 We gave him this like spiel.
    1:05:44 He’s like, all right.
    1:05:45 So is this going to work or what?
    1:05:48 And he basically cut through the nonsense and he’s like, how do you know?
    1:05:49 Are you testing this?
    1:05:53 You’re just going to sign a 10 year lease with a personal guarantee with no clue if this, if
    1:05:56 the market actually even wants this, like, doesn’t that seem insane to you guys?
    1:06:01 And he gave us real talk and I’ll forever be grateful for him, uh, for giving us that real
    1:06:01 talk.
    1:06:03 Cause he saved our ass from signing that, that lease.
    1:06:04 And he gave us a different plan.
    1:06:08 And he was like, why don’t you test this rent out a commissary kitchen, like bakers and
    1:06:10 caterers use there.
    1:06:12 What turned out there were like $20 an hour.
    1:06:13 It was like super cheap.
    1:06:14 No, and no long-term commitments.
    1:06:18 And he’s like, rent those out, do a delivery only validate the demand.
    1:06:21 See if people like your recipes, people like the price points.
    1:06:22 You’ll learn so much by doing that.
    1:06:25 And then you’ll know what you need out of your first location.
    1:06:26 If you’re going to go there.
    1:06:29 And, um, that saved our ass, that advice saved, saved us.
    1:06:35 And you know, that if I, whenever somebody asked me for like any advice or help, um, I just
    1:06:40 remember like, can I, can I give them one 10th of the value John gave us is the new like
    1:06:42 North star for that, that situation.
    1:06:42 Yeah.
    1:06:47 I remember he introduced us to like lean startup and, you know, actually figuring out, um,
    1:06:52 you know, we, we used to pull people were like, you know, would you eat sushi once a week?
    1:06:53 Like how many times a week would you eat sushi?
    1:06:55 Which is a bad, badly phrased question anyway.
    1:06:56 Yeah.
    1:06:59 Uh, in hindsight, they’re like, Oh, I’d come two to three times a week.
    1:07:05 And it’s like, we, we did this proof of concept, um, on the cheap, um, as, as quickly as we
    1:07:05 could.
    1:07:11 And like, the answer was like, not even once a month, um, like night and day, right?
    1:07:16 Outside of, outside of like LA SF, New York, the answer is like, if I eat sushi at all,
    1:07:17 like, right.
    1:07:20 To make a concept like this work, it needs to work in Texas, Colorado, you know, it needs
    1:07:21 to work everywhere.
    1:07:25 And the answer was, if I eat sushi at all, I eat it about once a month and I’m happy with
    1:07:25 that.
    1:07:26 I’m not trying to eat it three times a week.
    1:07:28 And I’m going to go to the nice restaurant to do it.
    1:07:29 Right.
    1:07:33 And we were looking for like the three people who validated us rather than, and ignoring the
    1:07:35 97 people who were saying no, we were like, yeah, see those three.
    1:07:43 Um, he also did one other amazing thing that as an entrepreneur, I now see like this pattern
    1:07:44 over and over again.
    1:07:47 So he suggested to us, he’s like, do it delivery only.
    1:07:51 And we were like, ah, but he like saw the look on our face.
    1:07:51 He’s like, what?
    1:07:53 And we were like, delivery just sucks.
    1:07:56 And we, we started, you know, he’s like, why?
    1:07:57 So we’re like delivery.
    1:08:00 I mean, you order food, you don’t even know when it’s going to come.
    1:08:01 This is before DoorDash, by the way.
    1:08:06 I think the biggest thing is we, we probably invented DoorDash, uh, and didn’t know it.
    1:08:10 And we were fixated, we were fixated on the sushi, but we really, you know, came up with
    1:08:10 a better model.
    1:08:11 Exactly.
    1:08:15 So, so this is before all those, we were like, you, you know, you call in an order, you
    1:08:16 don’t know when it’s going to come.
    1:08:17 It shows up an hour later.
    1:08:19 The packaging is all shitty.
    1:08:20 The food is cold.
    1:08:23 It’s leaking out the bottom and just feels cheap.
    1:08:26 And, uh, we’re like, that’s why, like, it sucks.
    1:08:29 And our takeaway was, therefore, no.
    1:08:34 And his was, wow, looks like you found all the things to improve to make this a 10x better
    1:08:35 experience.
    1:08:37 And like, since then, now I see this all the time.
    1:08:41 If you talk to entrepreneurs, it’s like, you think about a space and you’re like, oh, that’s
    1:08:42 horrible.
    1:08:43 That’s horrible for these reasons.
    1:08:47 And like the entrepreneurial response, the customer response is it’s horrible.
    1:08:49 The entrepreneurial response is, wow, what an opportunity.
    1:08:53 Because if I just change those four things, I’ve now have created this huge, like, you
    1:08:55 know, level up in the customer experience.
    1:08:59 And so we ended up doing it where our delivery times were sub 30 minutes.
    1:09:01 You knew exactly when it was going to come.
    1:09:03 We stamped on the food when we made it.
    1:09:04 So you knew it was fresh.
    1:09:07 We put a webcam in our kitchen so you could see us working on your order.
    1:09:11 We did like all these other things to try to make delivery actually a cool experience.
    1:09:16 And the bar was so low by basic delivery standards that that kind of actually worked.
    1:09:19 And so I thought that was the other like really brilliant thing that John did for us.
    1:09:19 Yeah.
    1:09:25 Rethinking, rethinking what, you know, everyone kind of assumed we would make with a restaurant
    1:09:26 and kind of flipping it on its head.
    1:09:29 And it allowed us to fail faster.
    1:09:32 So back to the business ideas.
    1:09:33 You had a few here.
    1:09:35 Are there any that you think are cool or interesting that you think somebody could go to?
    1:09:39 I am very into what I’m calling fun to run businesses.
    1:09:42 So I actually looked at a few of these towards the end.
    1:09:46 I think I found Fleet when I saw some of these like laser tag, bowling alleys,
    1:09:49 like kind of these family entertainment businesses.
    1:09:52 And I have kind of two hypotheses around them.
    1:09:54 One is like I think I saw like one or two P&L.
    1:09:56 Again, do your own research.
    1:09:58 Don’t just blindly accept that this is a good space.
    1:10:03 The one or two I saw like wildly profitable, very low cost.
    1:10:08 There’s probably a high startup cost in the beginning, but like climbing gym or something
    1:10:08 like that.
    1:10:11 It’s like once you get it set up, they have like these autonomous ones now, too.
    1:10:12 You don’t even need that much labor.
    1:10:15 But also as a dad, I have two kids.
    1:10:18 Like I’m always spending money on these things.
    1:10:21 Like my son had a laser tag birthday party.
    1:10:24 There’s like one person working at this laser tag thing.
    1:10:26 They like own the laser tag game in town.
    1:10:30 They charge you for the adult standing at the birthday party.
    1:10:32 And I’m like, wow, like I could do this better.
    1:10:33 I want, you know.
    1:10:34 And they have you hostage.
    1:10:34 Have you hostage.
    1:10:35 All the arcade games.
    1:10:36 You got to buy their food.
    1:10:43 Kind of these very easy to run, like almost a single person.
    1:10:45 But, you know, let’s call it like a teenage business.
    1:10:46 You hire teenagers to work there.
    1:10:48 Like anything that they’re not going to mess up.
    1:10:50 Yeah, like a bowling alley.
    1:10:50 A bowling alley.
    1:10:53 And then how do you find things that like have multiple purposes?
    1:10:54 Like there’s a bowling alley in my town.
    1:10:57 And, you know, it’s, you know, during the day it’s for kids.
    1:11:00 Like they have the kids activities and like after school activities.
    1:11:03 And then at night it’s the bowling league for the adults.
    1:11:04 And they have a bar.
    1:11:05 So it’s the local dive bar.
    1:11:08 It’s like, you know, then there’s like five, you know, five vending machines in there.
    1:11:09 Again, teenager working.
    1:11:11 Like the no frills.
    1:11:17 But I have to imagine if you can find the right business like this, kind of great to be able to just go bowling at your bowling alley.
    1:11:19 I can’t do much with my paper bags.
    1:11:20 Like I go and I check them out.
    1:11:21 I maybe walk around with them.
    1:11:22 But like not much to do.
    1:11:25 Like why family entertainment?
    1:11:26 Why this out of home entertainment?
    1:11:27 Why now?
    1:11:29 Like is there anything that’s changed in the market?
    1:11:29 Why?
    1:11:31 Because, you know, these have been around forever.
    1:11:33 Laser tag, public golf, bowling alley, whatever.
    1:11:35 My hunch is they’ve been profitable for a while.
    1:11:39 Like I think a lot of these are like sneaky businesses that you don’t think of.
    1:11:42 You know, I think there’s also kind of more of a trend.
    1:11:43 I was reading about this.
    1:11:45 Like, you know, millennials like don’t drink as much.
    1:11:47 They want more like sober events.
    1:11:53 I think this idea of doing more like games is starting to take on.
    1:11:56 Again, you know, small sample size of things in my town.
    1:12:00 But like, you know, you go to these like unlimited, you know, there’s an arcade in my town.
    1:12:02 It’s like you pay like eight bucks for an hour.
    1:12:03 You can play unlimited arcade games.
    1:12:04 This place is packed.
    1:12:07 You know, that sort of thing never really existed.
    1:12:11 But I think there’s like this desire to like leave the house and do things.
    1:12:12 Maybe it’s a post-COVID thing.
    1:12:13 I’m not sure.
    1:12:18 The thing that I think is really interesting about this is like, and this is probably true
    1:12:18 across the country.
    1:12:24 Like if I think about like I always drive by like these large commercial real estate, you
    1:12:26 know, old malls, these big buildings that no one wants to buy anymore.
    1:12:32 And then when I see one, when I see what people put in them, like it tends to be kind
    1:12:37 of like these newer things, you know, more interesting things like pickleball courts.
    1:12:38 Like I think I read something.
    1:12:41 It’s like, oh, they’re taking all the old bed baths and turning them into pickleball courts.
    1:12:46 So it’s like to like take something that maybe you can get that’s not being used and, you
    1:12:48 know, make a climbing gym, make it a ninja course.
    1:12:54 Boy, I think is like the most incredible marketing where they like just marketed gymnastics to
    1:12:55 boys.
    1:12:59 And now all of a sudden they’ve doubled, they’ve doubled the amount of like demand for this.
    1:13:03 And then there’s like the climbing team and like this place is packed all the time.
    1:13:06 So that one is one.
    1:13:12 So, so one of my biggest investments over the past two years has been in my brother-in-law’s
    1:13:13 commercial real estate.
    1:13:19 So he does what everybody thinks is dying, but is actually like thriving.
    1:13:23 So for example, these kind of like mall, like strip mall locations, not like a mall, like
    1:13:28 an indoor mall, but basically a shopping center and a shopping center with a grocery store,
    1:13:33 you know, maybe a, so there’s got a Trader Joe’s, there may be like a crunch fitness.
    1:13:35 There’s like, whatever, there’s a bunch of these types of locations.
    1:13:37 And then how do you fill up the rest of the boxes?
    1:13:43 And people think that shopping centers are probably dead because e-commerce or whatever, everything’s
    1:13:44 on Amazon now or whatever.
    1:13:48 These things have like 97% occupancy.
    1:13:51 It’s like really, it’s like higher than multifamily and office.
    1:13:52 Like it’s a really great category.
    1:13:57 And even the few concepts that are like kind of going out of business, like a Bed Bath & Beyond
    1:14:03 or like Joanne’s Fabric, he’s replacing them with trampoline parks and pickleball and Tesla
    1:14:04 charging networks.
    1:14:06 He’s like, there’s just new tenants that are always there.
    1:14:11 And he’s like, the best part of this entire model, because the returns are bananas for
    1:14:11 this thing.
    1:14:15 Like it’s like, it is by far like the thing I’ve been most bullish on in the last 24 months
    1:14:17 has been investing into this.
    1:14:19 I basically took all my spare cash, put it over here.
    1:14:25 And the reason why was A, he’s a good operator, but B, there’s no supply.
    1:14:27 So nobody builds any new cyber shopping centers.
    1:14:33 Like even though, um, like, you know, every, everything else people build more, they build
    1:14:34 more condos, they build more stuff.
    1:14:36 Nobody builds new shopping centers.
    1:14:38 And so it’s all just retrofitting existing centers.
    1:14:43 You buy them usually like below the actual build cost of the, of the center themselves.
    1:14:48 And so I’ve seen this, my kids go to this thing called, uh, little kickers.
    1:14:52 It’s in, uh, San Ramon, like a little town, like, you know, in the Bay area.
    1:14:54 And it’s exactly what you’re describing.
    1:14:55 A teenager runs it.
    1:15:00 Like I asked to speak to the manager and, um, the manager was 17 years old.
    1:15:04 He was just like, yeah, like a chain on and like the F boy haircut.
    1:15:06 And I was like, what are you in charge of this?
    1:15:11 And he was great, by the way, he was actually like a really good, uh, good manager, but everybody
    1:15:13 who works there is young.
    1:15:14 Like he’s young.
    1:15:18 He’s like, you know, probably, he’s definitely like, I don’t know, under 23 years old and
    1:15:21 all the coaches, there’s two coaches per class that they’re all, they’re all also like
    1:15:23 just kind of soccer players who are high schoolers probably.
    1:15:28 And, but this thing is packed and it’s just like one large venue for kids soccer.
    1:15:31 And, um, this thing has to be printing.
    1:15:33 Like I just doing the rough math of it.
    1:15:34 This thing has to be printing.
    1:15:36 They have, you know, definitely over a thousand members.
    1:15:39 It’s like 200 to $300 per month.
    1:15:42 Um, you know, this is, this is a very big business.
    1:15:44 That’s basically, like you said, sort of like a fun business.
    1:15:44 That’s teenager.
    1:15:45 Yeah.
    1:15:47 And it’s, you don’t need to, and it’s AI proof, right?
    1:15:49 Like, so like, if you’re looking for, where do I do business?
    1:15:53 If I know the whole world is changing with AI, well, AI is probably not going to like
    1:15:58 do a trampoline park or, you know, do a kid’s soccer center.
    1:16:00 You know, like those are, those are pretty safe businesses.
    1:16:01 Yeah.
    1:16:01 And they’re predictable.
    1:16:03 I mean, like their kids are always going to want to jump.
    1:16:07 It’s not like you’re buying a product that, you know, all of a sudden you don’t know if
    1:16:08 it’s going to last.
    1:16:09 Right.
    1:16:12 You put a bullet point on here, the least sexy business as possible.
    1:16:13 Touch the taboo.
    1:16:14 What do you, what do you mean by that?
    1:16:18 So this is, I start again, when in the pit of despair, you start to, you start to go crazy
    1:16:21 with ideas where they’re like, all right, well, what are what, you know, I started looking
    1:16:25 at like medical ambulances, which I still think could have worked, but effectively, you know,
    1:16:31 the government subsidizes medical transport for disabled and elderly from, you know, nursing
    1:16:32 homes to their medical appointments.
    1:16:35 So it’s actually government contracts.
    1:16:42 If you have a fleet of, you know, these special handicap accessible vans, you know, you effectively
    1:16:44 can immobilize this fleet every day.
    1:16:48 You kind of fill up your appointments with the people and you just transport them to and from
    1:16:49 super simple.
    1:16:53 You don’t really think about it, but like the demand is, is there, especially as, as the
    1:16:53 population is aging.
    1:16:56 That’s a, that’s a good example of an unsexy one.
    1:17:01 I would love to buy a funeral home, like something that’s just like, oh man, like you work in that.
    1:17:03 It’s like, how do you, I mean, all of the deal, like,
    1:17:07 if you want to find a deal that’s kind of like, you know, punching above your weight,
    1:17:11 if you will, like, there’s going to be some hair on the deal, like at the lower end of
    1:17:11 the market.
    1:17:14 Like, like I said, like private equity is going to scoop up the easy ones.
    1:17:19 There’s going to be something like, if that something can be that it’s just like weird
    1:17:23 and like, no one really wants to touch it or, or think about it.
    1:17:26 Like to me, that’s a great, a great reason to buy it.
    1:17:26 Right.
    1:17:31 Cause it, cause it might mean that, you know, let’s say there’s a really sexy business on one
    1:17:31 side, right?
    1:17:35 There’s a business that’s like, uh, maybe it’s like software only.
    1:17:37 You don’t have to run it.
    1:17:40 Um, you know, you know, it’s, it’s low operations, blah, blah, blah.
    1:17:43 And it’s, it’s about whatever party planning or something fun.
    1:17:48 The hair on that deal might be, it may be just that the valuation is extremely high.
    1:17:50 So it’s going to take you a long time to get your cash back.
    1:17:54 Or it might be some other, something else like, you know, users are very fickle.
    1:17:55 The competition is very intense, whatever.
    1:17:57 There’s going to be hair in every deal.
    1:18:01 The good thing about what you’re saying is that if you choose the hair that it’s not the
    1:18:02 most fun thing to run.
    1:18:03 Well, yeah.
    1:18:05 Or the hair is going to be like, you got to cremate someone.
    1:18:07 It’s like, I actually, like, I don’t actually know if I want to do that.
    1:18:08 Like now that I’m saying it out loud.
    1:18:11 Like, that’s, I mean, I’ll hire a teenager to do it then.
    1:18:13 Uh, but like, that’s a better hair.
    1:18:14 That’s about a better amount of hair.
    1:18:16 Like you kind of know what it is.
    1:18:17 It’s like the hair is the thing.
    1:18:17 Right.
    1:18:22 Versus like the P and L has hair or the, there’s a lot of debt on the business already.
    1:18:23 There’s other problems in other areas.
    1:18:24 Exactly.
    1:18:28 So if there’s something that like, yeah, like if 20 people are going to flock to the
    1:18:31 software only party planning one, but only like two crazy enough people are like, well,
    1:18:36 let me roll up these funeral homes, try to like, I’m sure people do this.
    1:18:38 Like the, you know, I’m not the first one to think about this.
    1:18:40 Um, but I like that.
    1:18:42 The other thing I really like right now, party city just went out of business.
    1:18:44 Who’s buying, where are you buying balloons?
    1:18:48 Um, there’s a guy, like 20 minutes from me, he had a firework store.
    1:18:51 His firework store happened to sell balloons.
    1:18:55 The day party city went out of business, he rebranded, man.
    1:18:56 Now his store is called balloons.
    1:18:58 Uh, it used to just be called fireworks.
    1:18:59 Now it’s called balloons.
    1:19:02 He’s taking out all the ads on the street.
    1:19:07 Um, and we went there, uh, you know, for my, for my son’s birthday and he’s doing awesome.
    1:19:11 So it’s like, how do you like kind of, and don’t copy party city that clearly didn’t work.
    1:19:11 Right.
    1:19:15 But the demand for balloons still exists and will continue to exist.
    1:19:15 Exactly.
    1:19:17 The supply just shrank like a whole lot.
    1:19:17 Right.
    1:19:23 And I imagine as things change, like the landscape for better or worse is changing very rapidly
    1:19:23 these days.
    1:19:28 Um, you know, maybe something goes out of business cause they can’t compete cause of tariffs or
    1:19:28 whatever.
    1:19:33 Like, how do you think about being, you know, opportunistic in that sense and doing it?
    1:19:34 And you can do it.
    1:19:38 Um, like you don’t even need, like you could start selling balloons, like get a permit and
    1:19:39 start doing delivery only balloons.
    1:19:42 Like that, I actually saw a truck doing that.
    1:19:47 When I went to Monish Pabrai’s house, he’s a great investor and he, on his desk, there’s
    1:19:49 a, like where you have a name placard.
    1:19:51 Normally you just have your name engraved on it, engraved on it.
    1:19:53 It just said, trouble is opportunity.
    1:19:55 And he just had it on his desk.
    1:19:59 So, cause at all times, you know, he’s reading the news or he’s hearing something as a reminder.
    1:20:00 Trouble is opportunity.
    1:20:01 Uh, I love that.
    1:20:02 Yep.
    1:20:02 That’s awesome.
    1:20:03 Cool.
    1:20:05 Well, Dan, dude, awesome hanging out with you as always.
    1:20:08 I’m glad you got to tell your story and congrats, man.
    1:20:12 I’m blown away by what you did with the, with the business that you bought.
    1:20:13 You are officially Dan, the bag man.
    1:20:14 Thanks for telling the story.
    1:20:15 Yeah.
    1:20:15 Thanks for having me on.
    1:20:18 It’s, uh, exciting to, uh, to be here.
    1:20:18 Cool.
    1:20:32 All right, my friends, I have a new podcast for you guys to check out.
    1:20:37 It’s called content is profit and it’s hosted by Luis and Fonzie Cameo.
    1:20:42 After years of building content teams and frameworks for companies like Red Bull and Orange Theory
    1:20:47 Fitness, Luis and Fonzie are on a mission to bridge the gap between content and revenue.
    1:20:51 In each episode, you’re going to hear from top entrepreneurs and creators, and you’re going
    1:20:55 to hear them share their secrets and strategies to turn their content into profit.
    1:20:59 So you can check out Content is Profit wherever you get your podcasts.

    Want Sam’s Playbook to Uncover Hidden Business Opportunities? Get it here: https://clickhubspot.com/weo

    Episode 723: Sam Parr ( https://x.com/theSamParr ) and Shaan Puri ( https://x.com/ShaanVP ) talk to Shaan’s college friend Dan Certner ( https://x.com/youneedbags ) about how he bought a business and doubled it in 18 months.

    Show Notes:

    (0:00) Dan the bag man

    (5:16) Farmville Fraud Detection

    (10:09) Fail: Getting rich working at a startup

    (15:13) Buying a bag business

    (19:30) The forgivable sellers note

    (22:57) How to find the right business

    (37:29) Meeting the seller

    (40:15) Negotiating the terms

    (45:44) The real profit

    (49:55) Who should do this?

    (53:40) Everything is someone’s business

    (56:32) The exit strategy

    (59:41) Shaan and Dan’s business plan

    (1:07:49) Fun to Run Businesses

    Links:

    • Fleet – https://www.fleetpackaging.com/

    Check Out Shaan’s Stuff:

    • Shaan’s weekly email – https://www.shaanpuri.com

    • Visit https://www.somewhere.com/mfm to hire worldwide talent like Shaan and get $500 off for being an MFM listener. Hire developers, assistants, marketing pros, sales teams and more for 80% less than US equivalents.

    • Mercury – Need a bank for your company? Go check out Mercury (mercury.com). Shaan uses it for all of his companies!

    Mercury is a financial technology company, not an FDIC-insured bank. Banking services provided by Choice Financial Group, Column, N.A., and Evolve Bank & Trust, Members FDIC

    Check Out Sam’s Stuff:

    • Hampton – https://www.joinhampton.com/

    • Ideation Bootcamp – https://www.ideationbootcamp.co/

    • Copy That – https://copythat.com

    • Hampton Wealth Survey – https://joinhampton.com/wealth

    • Sam’s List – http://samslist.co/

    My First Million is a HubSpot Original Podcast // Brought to you by HubSpot Media // Production by Arie Desormeaux // Editing by Ezra Bakker Trupiano

  • 639. “This Country Kicks My Ass All the Time”

    AI transcript
    0:00:06 you may recognize this voice especially if you watch a lot of c-span i was on an airplane
    0:00:12 not too long ago where i sat down next to this mother and daughter 80 and 60 they wanted to know
    0:00:16 who i was why are people paying attention to me asked me if i was a professional athlete which at
    0:00:22 my age is quite the compliment that is cory booker he did play college football at stanford but that
    0:00:29 was a long time ago he’s 56 now and he is a united states senator from new jersey and i said no i’m
    0:00:35 united states senator and they suddenly did what most americans would do when they meet a congressperson
    0:00:38 out in the wild and they don’t know what party they’re in they want to know are you on my team
    0:00:42 or their team they said republican or democrat and i said ma’am i’m a democrat and she looked at me
    0:00:48 so angrily crossed her arms and said well i should have brought my trump hat and swiveled away from me
    0:00:54 i go ma’am ma’am donald trump oh my gosh he signed two of the biggest bills i’ve ever written in my
    0:00:59 life into law one of those bills promoted criminal justice reform the other one
    0:01:06 which was tucked into trump’s 2017 tax laws boosted incentives for investing in low-income
    0:01:12 neighborhoods let me tell you by the time we landed we were talking and laughing and sharing stories
    0:01:18 and i was affirming to her the truth that we all in this nation have so much in common
    0:01:26 americans may have a lot in common but for a good while now we’ve been living in a time of violent
    0:01:33 political attacks and outright assassinations these days the idea of talking politics with
    0:01:39 your seatmate on a plane just isn’t the norm anymore if it ever really was but cory booker
    0:01:45 seems to truly believe what he says about how much we have in common i say seems to believe because
    0:01:52 it can be hard to tell how real someone’s enthusiasm is booker’s enthusiasm certainly feels real and it is
    0:02:02 definitely abundant in washington he is widely thought of as a bridge builder on the other hand he recently gave
    0:02:12 the longest senate speech in u.s history 25 straight hours to warn about the grave and urgent danger posed by the
    0:02:18 second trump administration here’s a bit from our one near the beginning i rise with the intention of
    0:02:25 disrupting the normal business of the united states senate for as long as i am physically able
    0:02:31 the speech got booker an enormous amount of attention and this is someone who already draws plenty of
    0:02:39 attention in washington but what was that 25 hour speech exactly a heartfelt defense of the defenseless
    0:02:47 a call to action for everyone who believes that u.s democracy is in trouble the unofficial launch of
    0:02:55 cory booker’s own presidential campaign yes yes and probably yes booker likes to cite a famous speech
    0:03:01 that franklin roosevelt gave in 1941 less than a year before the u.s entered world war ii it’s come to be
    0:03:08 known as the four freedoms speech roosevelt said that people everywhere in the world deserved freedom of
    0:03:16 speech and expression freedom of worship freedom from want and freedom from fear cory booker is one of the
    0:03:23 most prominent voices saying that a lot of americans right now a lot of different kinds of americans do not
    0:03:32 feel free from fear today on freakonomics radio cory booker on the politics of fear the politics of hope
    0:03:41 and how to split the difference also happy birthday america happy 249th birthday have you got it all figured
    0:03:58 out by now this is freakonomics radio the podcast that explores the hidden side of everything with your host
    0:04:16 cory booker was born in washington dc his parents were executives at ibm the family moved to new jersey
    0:04:23 and cory went on to study political science and sociology at stanford american history at oxford and
    0:04:29 he got a law degree from yale then he moved back to new jersey he lived for eight years in a public housing
    0:04:36 project in newark while working as a lawyer for low-income families in 2006 he was elected mayor of newark
    0:04:45 he focused on education reform economic development and crime reduction one local magazine called him super mayor
    0:04:52 he was known to shovel people’s driveways during snowstorms he once ran into a burning building to save someone trapped
    0:05:01 inside in 2013 he was elected to the u.s senate at age 44 he is still one of its younger members the median age
    0:05:10 in the senate is nearly 65 i spoke with booker on june 23rd a couple of months after his 25 hour speech
    0:05:19 hello check one hello yes senator booker it’s really good to hear your voice steven how you been um uh it’s been
    0:05:25 why do i always feel like that’s a loaded question on the day we spoke the senate was working over
    0:05:30 donald trump’s big beautiful bill or at least the republican senators where democrats like booker
    0:05:37 had been pretty much locked out do you have a favorite nickname for the trump mega bill at least one you can
    0:05:44 say on the radio i have uh the same alliteration but in negative terms but let’s let’s call it b3 b3
    0:05:50 what does b3 stand for in your mind though the big bad betrayal of a bill booker like just about every
    0:05:57 prominent democrat is openly antagonistic towards donald trump that is the flavor of the party he also
    0:06:04 sees this disdain for trump as a unifying force within a party that isn’t unified around much else
    0:06:11 because of donald trump and his darkness and his crassness and his cruelty i think he is making a
    0:06:18 way for people that are yearning for a different politics that reminds us that we belong to each
    0:06:24 other that reminds us that we’re one nation that we actually do better we get richer we are as he
    0:06:29 would say greater when we come together not when we cut each other down and how about the particulars
    0:06:36 of trump’s big bill to know this bill is to hate this bill when you tell republicans independents or
    0:06:42 democrats what’s actually in the bill the numbers drop dramatically but there is no real public debate
    0:06:48 there’s no real public forum where people are seeing folks stand by the various provisions unfortunately we
    0:06:54 still see large percentages of americans do not realize how profoundly this bill is going to affect their
    0:07:00 name three things in this bill that you think will most significantly have a negative effect
    0:07:08 one is the savage medicaid cuts that will see millions of americans losing their health care
    0:07:14 and rural hospitals especially hospitals in general will face struggles with the medicare cuts
    0:07:19 but we’ll see many many hospital closures in areas that really can’t lose that so that’s number one
    0:07:26 number two is our commitment to food assistance most families who end up on snap and rely on those
    0:07:32 programs to meet the hunger needs of their children don’t stay on it for that long but here is going to
    0:07:36 be cuts they’re going to affect again millions of americans losing food assistance when they need it the
    0:07:44 most and then the final thing is just overall costs on american families will go up because of the
    0:07:49 tax on the affordable care act people’s health care premiums will go up energy costs will go up because
    0:07:55 of its attacks on the clean energy programs that we did in the last congress it’s something that’s going
    0:08:01 to make life for the average american expensive all while cutting taxes for billionaires and racking up
    0:08:06 trillions of dollars more for our deficit the deficit is one of those things that everyone
    0:08:13 nods toward and gnashes their teeth over but there’s been very little movement toward actually addressing
    0:08:17 it we’ve spoken on the show with i don’t know if you know jessica riedel she’s an independent tax and
    0:08:22 budget analyst she makes the point that there are plenty of members of congress who are truly
    0:08:27 concerned and there are even bipartisan groups who really want to address it but they’re fearful of taking
    0:08:33 action or even speaking out much can you take us inside that a bit as a former mayor it’s
    0:08:42 appalling to me that while governors and mayors balance budgets and live within their means we are a
    0:08:51 that the deficit is exploding in a profligate manner while it is true that presidents of both
    0:08:59 parties have been adding to that debt since you know i’ve been an adult the reality is democrats have done
    0:09:06 a lot better at reining in those debts remember bill clinton did not add to the overall deficit in our
    0:09:11 country he balanced his budget it was the last balanced budget we had under clinton wasn’t it
    0:09:17 exactly barack obama lowered the deficit spending he didn’t balance his budget but dramatically
    0:09:25 lowered deficit spending unfortunately the most profligate deficit creator in my lifetime has been
    0:09:31 donald trump even though he promised that his first tax bill was going to create so much growth in
    0:09:38 our country that it would pay for itself but it didn’t what we ended up doing was digging ourselves
    0:09:44 deeper because of these massive tax cuts for the wealthiest and the biggest corporations when i was
    0:09:54 the city of newark i did both i cut the size of my government by 25 deep difficult cuts during a
    0:10:01 recession that i had to do but i also found ways of increasing my revenue as a city what’d you do how’d
    0:10:09 you increase revenues one we did raise taxes but number two we created the right kind of tax breaks
    0:10:16 that would incentivize investment and for the first time in over 50 years newark had a massive economic
    0:10:22 period of growth where we increased our overall tax revenues cut our spending by 25 and we’re able to
    0:10:28 grow our way out of the budget problems but we had to increase revenue and if we were smart about doing
    0:10:36 our cutting like i can’t believe we still have the same procurement laws in the federal government that
    0:10:41 are relics from a different era when you didn’t have the kind of technology you have that could help
    0:10:47 us get more for less the last thing i’ll say which is an area that stuns me that’s become so partisan
    0:10:54 we don’t collect the taxes that were owed the wealthiest amongst us have the worst rates for
    0:11:00 non-payment of taxes but we don’t have an irs that can go after the big tax cheats in our country
    0:11:05 that would also give us over a 10-year period hundreds of billions of dollars of revenue
    0:11:14 now the trump tax cuts of 2017 lowered the top personal rate from 39 and a half to 37 so you know
    0:11:20 that’s a drop but not a huge drop and this is a standard line of yours talk about the rich need to
    0:11:24 be taxed more is it individuals you’re talking about and is it avoidance that you’re talking about or
    0:11:29 is it more corporate tax and strategy because those are really different universes i know you
    0:11:35 understand that but i see this in the campaigns in city elections in new york city where i live right
    0:11:43 now for mayor it’s become a mantra tax the rich you know until they bleed and i’m guessing that’s not
    0:11:47 what you have in mind because you understand that people who make a lot of money are good to have around
    0:11:52 so how do you think about splitting up the personal tax rates and the corporate well first of all i think
    0:12:00 it’s a mistake to use language that pits americans against each other i think it actually turns people
    0:12:06 off as the only united states senator that lives in a community technically that’s below the poverty line
    0:12:14 i know that there is aspirational ideals that my community wants they don’t vilify the wealthy what is
    0:12:20 really needed is for all of us to understand we’re four percent of the globe’s population the most
    0:12:25 privileged four percent in many ways because we live in a country of such abundance we could have a tax
    0:12:33 system that creates the outcomes that all of us should want i think it is outrageous for example that
    0:12:39 your chances of plunging into poverty go up so dramatically in america if you choose to have a child
    0:12:46 we have one of the lowest child allowances so i’m a big believer that we should take on the extra cost
    0:12:53 of massively increasing the child tax credit in fact that cuts child poverty in half that shows once and
    0:12:59 for all that child poverty in america which we tolerate i think it’s a moral obscenity is not an
    0:13:05 inevitability it’s a policy choice i was under the impression the child tax credit does get an increase
    0:13:13 in the new trump bill it is not increased for the lowest income people in other words it’s not made
    0:13:20 fully refundable which is the element of the child tax credit that cut the child poverty rates so
    0:13:25 dramatically so what i’m saying to you to go back to your original question about the wealthiest amongst us
    0:13:33 if we went back to reagan era or clinton era or obama era tax rates that were not onerous the wealthy
    0:13:40 got wealthier during those periods but we do need a tax system that allows working people not to have a
    0:13:46 poverty trap we used to be one of the best countries in the world to move from the bottom quintile
    0:13:53 through grit hard work education now it’s better to be born in classes societies like england because
    0:14:00 they are more economically mobile than we are other countries are out americaning us you brought up the
    0:14:07 economic instability of having a kid i wonder when you look at the fertility rate in the u.s now which
    0:14:13 has gotten quite low well below the replacement rate what are some other forces that are pushing against
    0:14:19 it and you know i wonder about you you’re one of the few childless senators how do you think about
    0:14:23 whether you want to have children i hope you don’t think that’s an invasion of privacy but i’m curious
    0:14:29 if you think about having children yourself what are some of the factors that go through your mind
    0:14:35 i have a strong suspicion that my mother put you up to that question and my significant other maybe two
    0:14:41 these are conversations that are being had in my home but let’s be really blunt and look at the data
    0:14:47 i want to ask my staff like what are the reasons why people have abortions my staff rightfully said
    0:14:52 to me it’s none of our damn business why somebody chooses to make decisions about their own body but
    0:14:57 i pushed them and they did some research and found out the number one presented reason for people that
    0:15:04 have abortions is that they cannot afford to have children because indeed it does massively increase your
    0:15:11 economic instability because we are one of the worst developed countries for not just child allowances or we might
    0:15:17 call it the child tax credit but we have the most unaffordable child care to get quality child care in
    0:15:24 america in most states it costs more than tuition at the local college we are a nation that says we don’t
    0:15:31 give you paid family leave we don’t give you maternity leave we make it so difficult on families and here’s the
    0:15:37 thing that i think is an opportunity i think there’s a chance for us to have a radical pro-family agenda because
    0:15:44 now i’m reading pro-life groups who i fundamentally disagree with many of them are saying things that i
    0:15:50 strongly believe in that we need to have more pro-family pro-children legislation like paid family leave
    0:15:56 maternal leave higher child allowances or child tax credit i think it should be one of the fundamental
    0:16:03 pillars of us reuniting and healing these partisan rifts to say we are going to be the most pro-family
    0:16:11 nation again what you just said about family leave being an issue in the pro-life camp makes me think
    0:16:18 about all the issues that have been historically associated with democrats many of which seem to
    0:16:24 have been quite successfully co-opted by republicans over the past few years there is lowering prescription
    0:16:29 drug prices paid family leave and other pro-family policies as you mentioned expanding the child tax
    0:16:35 credit even addressing the affordability crisis can you talk to me for just a moment about this notion
    0:16:41 of republicans co-opting these democratic planks and i know that there have been plenty of times where
    0:16:47 republican planks become democrat and vice versa but i want you to speak to that especially if you don’t
    0:16:54 mind carrying it into the question about what the heck has happened to the democratic party in other words if
    0:17:00 you had all these positions that so many people including a lot of republicans are now in favor of what happened
    0:17:05 yeah well look if you look at the data every poll i looked at when you took the names away
    0:17:10 republican democrat trump harris get all those names and just poll the policies of the candidates
    0:17:16 you saw that the policies of the democratic party were winning in a much more significant way
    0:17:22 than the general policies of the republicans people ask me all the time oh what’s the democratic party
    0:17:26 going to do to save the democratic party i say if the democratic party is more concerned about saving
    0:17:31 the democratic party than serving the american people then the democratic party doesn’t deserve
    0:17:38 to be around this is a moment that we are about to see a generation of leaders step off the stage the last
    0:17:45 baby boomer president the last baby boomer head of the senate for us democrats and this is a time
    0:17:50 i believe that we need to redeem the american dream this idea that anybody born in any circumstances
    0:17:57 can make it in america the very idea of america we need to make real again there is another democratic
    0:18:03 position yours actually promoting what you call baby bonds that is included in trump’s bill but with a new
    0:18:11 name now it’s called trump accounts what do you think of that yes god bless the idea behind it that that i
    0:18:16 have been trumpeting for about 10 years the idea that every kid in america could have an individual
    0:18:22 investment account that they could watch on their phone the power of that is transformative the way
    0:18:29 they have written it right now benefits the wealthy and hurts the poor how so there are asset limits to
    0:18:36 qualify for food stamps there are asset limits to qualify for medicaid a poor family who has a thousand
    0:18:44 dollars or more in the individual investment account can make them ineligible for those important benefits
    0:18:49 you’re saying the money from the baby bond or whatever you want to call it would make them ineligible for certain
    0:18:55 benefits that they’d otherwise receive yes and then another part of it that they don’t correct for because our bill was
    0:19:00 written in a way that was progressive that the lowest income kids would see some of the greatest benefits the way they’ve
    0:19:06 written it actually is the reverse of that right now it says that a family could put up to five thousand dollars
    0:19:30 into those accounts and enjoy the tax benefits while working families low income families are not going to be able to do that and i’m fine with that but maybe we should be doing some things to address that the benefit could be going upwards and i think there’s some design elements that could get something like this back on track if only donald trump and others would listen to me in their design we could correct for some of these failings i know
    0:19:35 you’ve talked a lot about housing affordability or the lack thereof which is you know a big and complicated
    0:19:42 problem that involves government in many ways i know there’s something in this bill about i think mike lee is
    0:19:48 most involved in this from utah has to do with them selling off public lands some of which might be
    0:19:54 for oil and gas drilling but some of which might be for development including housing now i don’t think utah has any
    0:19:58 scarcity of land for housing i don’t know i’m a new yorker everything seems
    0:20:06 wide open to me by comparison but is that a viable way to make more land available for housing and will
    0:20:13 that actually trigger more housing by selling off more public land no god no it’s disastrous i mean this
    0:20:21 is one of the most outrageously unpopular parts taking our most precious shared resource public lands across
    0:20:27 america and selling them to the highest bidder so that very wealthy people can find ways to exploit
    0:20:32 that land for greater wealth not for the country but greater wealth for themselves if you want to deal
    0:20:38 with housing as a guy who doubled the production of affordable housing in his city during the great housing
    0:20:45 bubble burst use the bill that i already passed with tim scott and we can make it more tuned to housing
    0:20:51 called opportunity zones there’s so much capital sitting on the sidelines right now that we can
    0:20:57 incentivize into the investment of affordable housing if you create the right kind of tax incentives i’m
    0:21:03 more than happy to give people bigger margins on their profits by creating a tax treatment for people that
    0:21:09 are investing in affordable housing if you had to bet do you think that the selling of private lands will get
    0:21:13 through in the reconciliation you know there are so many people speaking about how bad this bill is the more
    0:21:18 the word gets out the more the backlash is going to be and the more likely republicans are going to say
    0:21:24 no get rid of this section we’re already hearing it josh hawley is now screaming about what this could do to
    0:21:30 rural hospitals i’m hearing others talk about medicaid and the selling off of americans public lands
    0:21:38 is wildly unpopular that plan to sell federal lands did indeed get killed off last week during the
    0:21:44 reconciliation process and there were many other changes but as of this recording trump’s mega bill
    0:21:50 is set to become law with zero democratic votes in either the house or the senate before the final
    0:21:56 house vote democratic leader hakeem jeffries spoke in protest for nearly nine hours he called the bill
    0:22:03 unconscionable unacceptable and un-american coming up after the break what was cory booker trying to
    0:22:08 accomplish with his marathon speech from the senate floor back in april i’m stephen dubner this is
    0:22:10 free economics radio we’ll be right back
    0:22:27 the record that cory booker broke for the longest senate speech was set in 1957 by strom thurmond a republican
    0:22:33 senator from south carolina who was an avowed segregationist it was a filibuster against the
    0:22:40 civil rights act cory booker by the way is black here is a portion of his speech from near the end
    0:22:43 there’s a room here in the senate named after strom thurmond
    0:22:51 to hate him was wrong and maybe my ego got too caught up that if i stood here maybe maybe just maybe i could
    0:22:59 break this record of the man who tried to stop the rights upon which i stand i’m not here though because of his
    0:23:07 speech i’m here despite his speech i’m here because as powerful as he was the people were more
    0:23:13 powerful along the way he read some correspondence he’d received from his constituents in new jersey
    0:23:22 this is a small postcard handwritten from somebody from hamilton square new jersey dear senator booker
    0:23:28 i’m writing to ask you if my social security is now in danger please let me he cited reports from
    0:23:35 government agencies and from think tanks including conservative think tanks michael strain an economist
    0:23:42 at the conservative american enterprise institute i know aei well said trump’s policies on trade and
    0:23:48 immigration and his slash and burn approach to federal job cuts would have a damaging effect this
    0:23:54 is a conservative think tank what president trump has proposed will not cause a recession he continued
    0:23:59 but it will slow economic growth it will take money out of people’s pockets it will increase the
    0:24:07 unemployment rate it will cost people jobs it will make american businesses less competitive that’s aei folks
    0:24:13 booker gave the speech as a sort of tribute to his late friend and mentor john lewis a civil rights
    0:24:19 activist and congressman who liked to talk about the need to make good trouble this is a moral moment
    0:24:22 it’s not left or right it’s right or wrong
    0:24:27 it’s getting good trouble my friend madam president
    0:24:41 so i want to come clean i did not watch all 25 hours of your speech on the senate floor
    0:24:46 i watched a lot it was a moment that kind of stopped the country at least for a lot of people
    0:24:51 can you just give me a little bit of behind the scenes i’m really curious to know how much planning
    0:24:57 and preparation went into it everywhere i was going people were saying to me you’re not doing enough
    0:25:02 i remember being in the supermarket in newark and these are folks that have known me since the 90s
    0:25:06 and these are people who still roll up to me in their car when i’m jogging and say things like
    0:25:12 you’re gaining weight mayor and i’m like i am not your mayor i am your senator but are you gaining weight
    0:25:18 yes i am ben and jerry are my best friends i was in the supermarket and somebody was saying to me
    0:25:22 why don’t you democrats do this and i was like we only have 47 votes well why don’t you do this
    0:25:27 i said you need the majority and they’re like cory we voted for you because you were that guy that did
    0:25:32 a hunger strike in the project for 10 days why are you telling us what you can’t do when you used to
    0:25:37 find a way out of no way and it was like the straw that broke the back for me because i was like i have
    0:25:42 no response other than you’re right i began pulling my team together to throw around ideas about
    0:25:48 how we could cause good trouble and this was one of the ideas we came up with we’ve got more in our
    0:25:54 pocket to try to do what we wanted to do the goals were really to draw attention to the people who were
    0:25:59 going to be suffering because of what donald trump was doing and the prep was a lot i mean over a thousand
    0:26:05 pages we didn’t want to read green eggs and ham i challenged my team get me conservative think
    0:26:11 tanks we quoted the cato institute ai get me republicans voices from business leaders to
    0:26:16 political leaders let’s just do this in a way that if you were a moderate in america this would be
    0:26:21 compelling to you and then i had to physically prepare to be honest with you like i was terrified
    0:26:26 about how would i get through all these hours without having to go to the bathroom so i just figured
    0:26:32 out how to hack that you went astronaut diaper no i decided to do what my emergency room doctor
    0:26:38 cousin thought was really reckless as a middle-aged african-american man i thoroughly dehydrated myself
    0:26:44 and didn’t drink liquid for a long time and didn’t eat for a few days and that’s why she parked herself
    0:26:49 in the gallery for the entire 25 hours because she thought i was a stroke risk you probably lost a few
    0:26:54 pounds though i lost a lot of weight and tore up the carpet beneath me because my feet started getting
    0:26:59 numb in the third hour because your blood doesn’t circulate that well i’d like to know what you heard
    0:27:05 especially from republican colleagues afterwards you’ve spoken about the quote appalling silence
    0:27:11 and inaction of the good people on that side of the aisle and elsewhere so do you think your
    0:27:18 performance moved the needle in any significant way we did in the sense that the stories we centered
    0:27:25 elevated the voices of americans and broke through in a way that we never imagined just on tiktok alone
    0:27:33 340 million likes it ignited a lot of people to fight harder we are all part of something what you do
    0:27:38 no matter how small you think it is when you stand up for what’s righteous you send out ripples
    0:27:46 so you and i have spoken a few times before i believe the first was in 2016 several months before trump was
    0:27:51 elected the first time you’d been in the senate a few years you were still relatively junior i went back
    0:27:57 and i listened to that interview and it’s a bit of a time capsule it’s just remarkable how the tone of
    0:28:03 politics has changed you talked about how much bipartisanship there was you talked about the quote
    0:28:08 incredible allies across the aisle that you’re working closely with the coke brothers team with newt
    0:28:16 gingrich even grover norquist considering where partisanship is now considering what’s coming up the next
    0:28:22 couple months and years of this trump to administration which is probably just going to produce more
    0:28:29 partisanship can you talk about anything actionable to roll that back to some degree look i think donald trump
    0:28:37 is a colossal threat his leadership is a colossal threat and i’m not saying that myself i could quote
    0:28:42 republican leader after republican leader republican senators who have even said that publicly and still say
    0:28:48 that to me privately this is a corrupt president with corruption like we’ve never seen before he is a president of
    0:28:53 sheer chaos and unfortunately he’s a president of real cruelty
    0:29:00 let me just take that statement which is powerful and respond to it by saying even so you know half the country
    0:29:06 voted for him and if he were to run again in a few years which would not be allowed but he might
    0:29:12 it’s not hard to imagine half the people wouldn’t vote for him again how can you explain that level of
    0:29:18 corruption chaos and cruelty as you just said how can you explain that despite all that he gets the votes
    0:29:25 and he has an iron grip on the party well i’m going to say two things one is i fundamentally disagree
    0:29:32 that he’s got the ability to be re-elected again in fact if the constitution allowed it i would love for
    0:29:39 him to be the candidate because he is again back at spiraling down polling numbers independents are
    0:29:45 leaving him in droves and even within his own party he’s been taking a knock so this idea that
    0:29:52 people haven’t woken up and re-understood why we rejected him resoundingly in 2020 they’re seeing that
    0:29:59 again in the hindu faith shiva is the god of destruction and also the god of renewal and new
    0:30:07 possibilities i think we are in a period of shiva right now where you’re seeing this extreme cruelty
    0:30:14 political assassinations erosions of constitutional norms separation of families attacks on universities
    0:30:20 attacks on law firms attacks on judges all of these things that are actually shaking america to the
    0:30:27 realization of how precious not just our democracy is but how precious this idea that we are a nation
    0:30:33 that is indivisible that has more in common than divides us i think it’s setting us up for a period
    0:30:40 of possibility we need to fight against chaos corruption and cruelty but more importantly if the democratic
    0:30:46 party or leaders define themselves only by what we’re against and not what we’re for we will be lost as a
    0:30:53 nation and i do not want to center donald trump as the main character of america’s story right now he is not
    0:30:59 he wants to be the main character but we need to get back to shining the light on each other and we will
    0:31:05 see a way forward together if you’re invoking shiva i gather you have some thoughts that go beyond
    0:31:10 legislation the older i get the more i realize that there are certain things you really can’t legislate
    0:31:17 like if there are two parties trying to come up with a deal the more you try to write into the contract
    0:31:22 the more you kind of remove trust from the equation right well that’s why we need two types of revolution
    0:31:28 in this country as jefferson said we need a revolution all the time the first one is martin luther king and
    0:31:33 that civil rights revolution that we had he said i can’t legislate you to love me but i can pass
    0:31:38 legislation and stop you from lynching me ultimately change doesn’t come from washington we didn’t get the
    0:31:42 suffrage bill passed on the senate floor because a bunch of men put their hands in and said hey fellas
    0:31:49 let’s give women the right to vote it happened because incredible activists like alice paul from
    0:31:54 new jersey and others created the consciousness of others that they eventually demanded it the second
    0:32:01 revolution we need involves all of us but also the leaders i’m doing a lot of reading right now
    0:32:07 about the tradition of leadership that we had that elevated the best of our virtues from humility
    0:32:13 to kindness to understanding that we are a nation that needs each other and belongs to each other
    0:32:20 even when we passionately disagree like frederick douglas and abraham lincoln did they understood
    0:32:27 that they needed each other that together they didn’t have a moral absolutism when they disagreed
    0:32:33 but they were committed in the public’s face to working together because they knew that this country
    0:32:40 depended on those values so senator i’m very receptive to that message that you just communicated but i also
    0:32:46 wonder maybe if any of your republican friends and i know you have a lot i wonder if they ever say to you
    0:32:55 you know cory you are one of the smartest most humane most energetic members of congress but
    0:33:04 you’re hopelessly naive you are hoping and wishing for something the ship has sailed people don’t behave
    0:33:10 like that anymore the world has changed the standards have changed society has changed if they say that to
    0:33:17 you do you think they’re right that that time is gone and you’re flailing at an imagined past
    0:33:25 i am sure when the nazis filled madison square garden and fascism was on a rise here that people thought that
    0:33:32 those days of decency had sailed i am sure when there was a level of terrorism in our country like we have
    0:33:37 never seen before where entire communities were being burned to the ground in the post reconstruction period
    0:33:46 that people thought that decency was gone in america i’m sure people believed when we had the red scare going on
    0:33:52 and we were deporting people unjustifiably and ending people’s careers and lives that they thought that
    0:33:58 decency was gone but i’m telling you right now there has been more and more periods in our country that in
    0:34:06 the darkest times in the wretchedness of our past that there was a revival of lightworkers and a reigniting
    0:34:14 energy in this country that helped us to heal and redeem the very best of our ideals i do not believe that they
    0:34:23 are a losing political strategy it does make me wonder how much you feel the media and all the things that
    0:34:27 are included in what we call media today have contributed to the partisanship a lot of people
    0:34:34 argue that it has contributed a lot others argue it’s more just like a symptom of it do you believe
    0:34:40 some new type of regulation is in order president obama has talked about some kind of regulation as a
    0:34:45 means to fight disinformation and what he’s called the internet’s demand for crazy president trump has
    0:34:51 come at the media from a totally different angle with lawsuits for starters but a variety of efforts to
    0:34:57 curtail and undo what he calls the anti-conservative bias in mainstream media what do you think should
    0:35:02 be done if anything about the way the media operates here well the media is in a fierce competition for our
    0:35:09 eyes in the fierce competition for our eyes outrage cells moral indignation cells telling how much you
    0:35:17 are good and the other side is evil cells that is a major problem and yes we need to step in and do some
    0:35:24 really strong regulations again that i think most of america would applaud we should be treating social media
    0:35:35 like cigarette smoking we have our children doing things teenagers 13 14 15 year olds whose brains are
    0:35:41 still developing who have these platforms who are not trying to sell them things they are the product
    0:35:50 we know this from meta’s own information that these things are toxic to their development to their self-esteem
    0:35:57 that is increasing their suicidal rates i am confident that 25 plus years from now people will look back and say how could
    0:36:04 you let your children on these platforms that’s kids i mean the political violence we’ve been seeing the anti-semitic
    0:36:10 assassinations we’ve been seeing these are all adults and you could argue that you know they’ve gone over the edge
    0:36:16 these individuals but well you have accountability for what you say on this show newspapers have accountability for what they put on
    0:36:23 newspapers but yet the biggest media platforms in our country now i just saw an article about social
    0:36:30 media replacing tv as the number one source of news and information for people they don’t have the same
    0:36:38 accountability that you have that radio has that tv has and that newspapers have that is wrong let’s talk for a minute
    0:36:44 about joe biden and really the debacle of his last year in office’s physical and or cognitive decline
    0:36:50 his decision to not drop out of the re-election campaign until late the elevation of kamala harris as a democratic
    0:36:56 nominee without any votes being cast and then of course harris losing the election i’m sure this is not your
    0:37:04 favorite favorite topic joe biden final year in the white house open thread have at it look there’s been
    0:37:10 books written and there will be more books written about all the mistakes that were made during that period i know
    0:37:15 people want to focus in on whether he was 100 copus mentis or not i don’t think that’s the important
    0:37:21 question i think there was a missed opportunity by him and his team to be that bridge to the next generation
    0:37:26 of leadership missed opportunity and a broken promise we should say it was explicit yes it would have been
    0:37:34 liberating for him to stand before the american people and say i’m going to be not only the bridge to the next
    0:37:38 generation of leadership but the bridge between the divides of our country and so much of that is framing and
    0:37:43 marketing he was this extraordinarily successful president if you just look at the legislation that
    0:37:48 he got into law if you look at what he did inheriting a country coming out of a pandemic
    0:37:53 there’s just so many things that were triumphant about him in that final year that you point to
    0:38:00 unfortunately is going to be a year so harshly judged that it could undermine his legacy but i just
    0:38:05 want you to know somebody who knew joe biden knows him some of the more beautiful moments i’ve had as
    0:38:11 a leader were in my back and forths with him during the presidential debates my mom was not happy with
    0:38:17 me joe biden and i were trading barbs on the stage talking about marijuana policy this is 2020 the first
    0:38:22 time and so far only time you’ve run for president correct yes yes yes i said i looked at your marijuana
    0:38:27 policy and i think you were high when you wrote it the crowd laughed i felt so good about myself my mom
    0:38:32 she said why are you being mean to that man cory yeah don’t be petty like that to the vice president
    0:38:38 the united states but i loved the debates because i loved watching the other debaters when nobody else
    0:38:43 was watching them it’s a high stress high pressure environment and you see the best and the worst of
    0:38:49 people coming out amongst all that stress and strain i saw grumpy behavior mean behavior but the one person
    0:38:56 that was a prince of a human being was always joe biden i still remember after that jab that i got lots of
    0:39:01 applause at his expense it’s a commercial break and we’re all standing backstage people grabbing water
    0:39:06 and joe biden comes over to me and i go oh he’s gonna give it to me and he looks at me and he goes
    0:39:14 baby bonds oh my god cory that is an incredible policy will you tell me about it more i’m surprised that he
    0:39:21 knows what baby bonds are and we get into this intense discussion about the merits of this policy idea he’s
    0:39:26 laughing patting me on the back telling me how smart i am and i suddenly realized i was just glad-handed
    0:39:35 in expert style by a genius politician coming up after the break is cory booker a genius politician
    0:39:39 i’m stephen dubner this is free economics radio we’ll be right back
    0:39:52 i see that just before you walked into this interview you voted no on the nomination of
    0:39:57 daniel zimmerman assistant secretary of defense i’m impressed with your knowledge of
    0:40:04 i have the internet well i have this high bar for trump nominees right now because of the totality of
    0:40:09 what they’re doing especially in the department of defense with hegseth so there are some people i’ve
    0:40:15 known personally and know their values the handful that i voted for but in general i’m voting no
    0:40:22 across the board on trump nominees name for me what you think are the three worst things that the current
    0:40:28 trump administration has done in your view and then i want you to try to find three good things oh that’s
    0:40:35 great i appreciate that i think the worst thing is they are hurting americans who are struggling the
    0:40:43 most that includes everybody from people who rely on medicaid or meals on wheels people who rely on
    0:40:49 frankly the hope of america who have american children are here undocumented but do everything by
    0:40:54 the rules and are now being not just deported some of them are being sent to the worst conditions
    0:40:59 imaginable in danger of their lives so hurting vulnerable people number two i just think that
    0:41:06 they are trashing our constitution in very dangerous ways eroding the separations of powers violating
    0:41:13 principles of due process and more and then the final thing is his foreign policy and tariff policy
    0:41:19 is part of that i hear from people all over the globe about the damage they’re doing whether it’s
    0:41:25 the thousands who have died in places like drc or sudan because this country is no longer standing
    0:41:31 in the breach can you name three things that the trump administration has done in the second term that
    0:41:36 you’re pretty happy about the first thing is they’re trying to build upon the abraham accords that was
    0:41:42 their foreign policy when from the last election i’ve been talking to leaders from saudi arabia there’s a
    0:41:48 lot of us that want to see including in the trump administration that expanded which i think is really
    0:41:54 important number two i think they did this through failure but i do believe that our government needs
    0:42:00 to go through a 21st century reimagining so it is more efficient and more effective and then the third
    0:42:10 thing i will say is that they as an organizing principle have yet again through their darkness ignited
    0:42:16 some of the best light i’ve seen out there and i’ll give you an example they are about to get rid of
    0:42:26 a whole bunch of trans american soldiers and i have seen now more americans discovering that for years
    0:42:35 and years we’ve had brave patriotic americans who are transgender serving in our military that helps
    0:42:42 to educate folks destigmatize those who are trying to cast stigma and make folks realize that people from
    0:42:47 all different kind of backgrounds from all different type of life experiences have served in our military
    0:42:53 with distinction we’re talking on the day that iran retaliated by sending some missiles to the u.s.
    0:42:59 base in doha in qatar but warning the u.s. first apparently from what i’ve been hearing please tell me if you know
    0:43:04 something different so there was literally zero human damage at least but this follows the u.s. bombing these
    0:43:12 three iranian nuclear facilities which is a big step in this long running drama between iran and the u.s so
    0:43:18 you’re on senate foreign relations i know you know an awful lot that most of us don’t know tell us you’re
    0:43:23 thinking about this mission and what you think is going to maybe happen next well i’m just being told by
    0:43:30 my staff that during the time of this interview in israel iran ceasefire has been announced this is a
    0:43:38 moving situation but if we have right now peace in that region between those two countries if we have
    0:43:47 an iran nuclear program that has been set back then looking forward there’s a lot of positive things we can say
    0:43:54 however we still have crises in that region from terrorist proxies like hamas and the houthis
    0:44:01 we have urgent needs for humanitarian aid and stability in gaza as well as a return of hostages
    0:44:07 i assume you were not consulted very few people it seems were consulted before the mission but had you
    0:44:12 been what would your feeling have been about that mission i will start by telling anybody who will
    0:44:20 listen how horrific the irani regime is that a global state sponsor of terrorism they have killed many
    0:44:27 many americans they suppress their own people they cannot be allowed to have a nuclear weapon if i was
    0:44:32 sitting in that chair as the president united states or advising the president all options would be on the
    0:44:41 table now this president tore up a deal we had with our allied european countries and others to have a lot
    0:44:46 of transparency into their nuclear program which to be fair critics said was not very much transparency and
    0:44:52 that iran has found a lot of good ways to get around it right and we had this president saying that i can make a
    0:44:58 better deal bragging that he was going to bring about a better deal without military action so again there’s got to be
    0:45:06 governing principles in which our country operates this lack of consultation as you said is really problematic our
    0:45:13 founders never thought that a president should be allowed to initiate such use of military force without any
    0:45:20 although obama did something similar ish in libya and elsewhere and i criticized obama and i’ve criticized
    0:45:28 biden ever since 9 11 in times of fear our country often has shown a willingness to sacrifice out of fear
    0:45:34 a lot of the constitutional principles that we have and that’s really unfortunate it’s a really interesting
    0:45:40 point you raise about fear you know psychologists and others know that we make bad decisions under uncertainty
    0:45:46 and under fear and this is a time of really high fear i think back to something that someone once told
    0:45:53 me it was in the talmud that they asked what does god pray for and the answer was that his mercy will be
    0:45:59 greater than his anger the implication was that even god when he gets fearful for his people responds with
    0:46:06 anger instead of mercy and i’m curious where you think this fear has come from because if you look at
    0:46:12 the numbers if you look at the prosperity in the world and in the u.s if you look at even the economy
    0:46:21 the vibe session was no recession at all it was mostly bad feelings about the economy and this i’m guessing
    0:46:26 goes to your discussion about social media and other media engendering fear and it is profitable
    0:46:33 but we also know if we’re parents or siblings and someone we love is scared we know that it’s our job
    0:46:40 to try to alleviate that fear rather than ramp it up and exploit it that’s exactly the difference between
    0:46:46 great presidents we’ve had in this one he tries to insinuate fear we see this in his immigration
    0:46:53 policies fear is a tool unlike fdr’s greatness was we have nothing to fear but fear itself i’m going to be
    0:46:59 an agent to conquer your fear this may be the most shocking part of the interview to you i belong to a
    0:47:05 baptist church i’m a christian but i study torah every friday with an orthodox rabbi and have for
    0:47:11 years and years and years almost 30 years there’s some good stuff in there well the reason why this
    0:47:18 conversation about fear really is important because this past week’s torah portion was all about fear and
    0:47:23 this was the moment that moses gets the people you know through the desert to the promised land they
    0:47:29 send 12 scouts in 10 of them come back and say we can’t take it they’re afraid of the opposition and
    0:47:37 two dissent caleb and joshua they are praised by god but this is considered the first tisha bav the
    0:47:42 ninth of the month of av which is when crystal knock happened when the temple fell it’s considered one of the
    0:47:49 worst days but jewish people were punished for this sent back into the desert for 40 years because of
    0:47:57 that governing fear and so for me i pull from this parsha and i celebrate what many will call the joshua
    0:48:03 generation this next generation of people where our courage must be greater than our fear and that if we are
    0:48:10 not governed by fear maybe we will stop turning against each other and can turn to each other and recognize the power that we have
    0:48:17 together america together can beat the nazis can defy gravity and go to the moon america when we’re united
    0:48:23 we could show the greatest prosperity humanity has ever seen shared prosperity shared wealth america
    0:48:28 together working against fear and towards a more courageous view of what humanity can be
    0:48:35 that kind of courage we need to get back to that kind of unifying rallying vision which is the antithesis to fear
    0:48:42 is this the way you really are like do you have this much hope in your heart or is this a position that
    0:48:50 you need to kind of talk yourself into a little bit no god this country kicks my ass all the time i’m sorry
    0:48:56 right now i am watching usa id workers with tears in their eyes who have come from the front lines of the
    0:49:02 fights for the worst infectious diseases that threaten our country tell me in detail how many people are
    0:49:07 dying because of what donald trump did people who tell me that their children have been warned in college
    0:49:13 not to post things on social media because the government can come after you we are now in a nation
    0:49:21 where we teach our children through these active shooter drills how to shelter hide run into closets this is
    0:49:27 heartbreaking stuff if you are not broken by the state of america right now i question your humanity
    0:49:34 what i’m saying is that what hope is it’s not a nice pollyannish feeling it’s not some cool breeze
    0:49:41 that blows hope is rugged hope is wounded hope has had to be resurrected time and time again hope ultimately
    0:49:46 is a determination to say that no matter how bad it is despair is not going to have the last word
    0:49:52 i assume you’re going to think hard about running for president again in 2028 yes what would you do
    0:49:56 differently this time you ran what looked like a really good early campaign you’re a good presenter
    0:50:01 you have good ideas you have good experience you have a lot of energy but you went nowhere was it just not
    0:50:06 your time was the field too crowded what happened yeah everybody from me to kamala harris couldn’t even
    0:50:11 make it to the first primary because we ran out of money i still remember my campaign manager is one of the
    0:50:15 funnier conversations i’ve had in my life where he comes up to me and goes let me give you the good news and the
    0:50:19 bad news he goes well the good news is you have the best campaign in iowa don’t take my word for it
    0:50:23 take the des moines register you have more endorsements from state legislators and he goes
    0:50:27 now let me give you the bad news the bad news is we’ll be out of the race in five or six months
    0:50:33 because we don’t have any money and you’re living from hand to mouth so you know we have fortunately a
    0:50:39 lot more small dollar donors that are building up but so much of our politics unfortunately is tied up
    0:50:44 in money i took a pledge the fourth senator ever to do it that i wouldn’t take corporate pack money i
    0:50:49 wouldn’t take pharma exec money because i just believe we have a broken campaign system if you
    0:50:52 think it’s broken then live that change be the change you want to see
    0:51:00 be the change you want to see this is one of those ideas that people love when they first hear it and
    0:51:06 they keep repeating it to themselves but it tends to wear out over time it becomes just another slogan
    0:51:14 more than a call to action with cory booker i don’t think it’s just a slogan one reason he draws a lot of
    0:51:21 tension is because he deserves it whether or not your politics line up with his whether you think
    0:51:28 he’s a bit of a grandstander the fact is that booker consistently directs his abundant energy
    0:51:34 toward what he sees as righteous causes one such cause maybe not surprising from a disciple
    0:51:42 john lewis and martin luther king is non-violence cory booker style i remember running for a town hall stage
    0:51:47 when i was running for president in 2020 i’m about to jump up and a big guy steps in front of me and
    0:51:54 says dude i want you to punch donald trump in the face and i looked at him and i said dude that’s a
    0:52:01 felony you can let us know what you thought of this episode or any of our episodes by writing to radio at
    0:52:09 freeconomics.com coming up next time on the show we find out why countries like saudi arabia and china are
    0:52:16 spending so much money on sports this is not just about kicking a ball it’s not even about trying to make
    0:52:24 profit this is sport being deployed as a policy instrument for geopolitical purposes and we meet an
    0:52:31 american entrepreneur who’s trying to take advantage it’s an opportunity to export america’s pastime
    0:52:36 to a part of the world that’s yet to experience it if it doesn’t work we’re going to lose many many many
    0:52:42 millions of dollars that’s next time on the show until then take care of yourself and if you can
    0:52:48 someone else too freakonomics radio is produced by stitcher and renbud radio you can find our entire
    0:52:55 archive on any podcast app it’s also at freakonomics.com where we publish transcripts and show notes this
    0:53:01 episode was produced by zach lapinski with help from dalvin abuaji it was mixed by eleanor osborne
    0:53:06 with help from jeremy johnston the freakonomics radio network staff also includes alina culman augusta
    0:53:11 chapman ellen frankman elsa hernandez gabriel roth greg rippon morgan levy jasmine clinger
    0:53:18 sarah lily and teo jacobs our theme song is mr fortune by the hitchhikers and our composer is
    0:53:21 luis guerra as always thanks for listening
    0:53:28 first of all it’s not over till the ben and jerry eating senator sings
    0:53:37 the freakonomics radio network the hidden side of everything
    0:53:45 stitcher

    Cory Booker on the politics of fear, the politics of hope, and how to split the difference.

     

    • SOURCES:
      • Cory Booker, senior United States Senator from New Jersey.

     

     

  • Enabling Agents and Battling Bots on an AI-Centric Web

    AI transcript
    0:00:05 50% of traffic is already bots, it’s already automated
    0:00:07 and agents are only really just getting going.
    0:00:10 Most people are not using these computer use agents
    0:00:13 because they’re too slow right now, they’re still at previews
    0:00:16 but it’s clear that’s where everything is going.
    0:00:19 Then we’re going to see an explosion in the traffic
    0:00:21 that’s coming from these tools and just blocking them
    0:00:24 just because they’re AI is the wrong answer.
    0:00:27 You’ve really got to understand why you want them,
    0:00:29 what they’re doing, who they’re coming from
    0:00:30 and then you can create these granular rules.
    0:00:34 AI agents are changing how people interact with the web
    0:00:36 but most sites still treat them like bots.
    0:00:40 In this episode, taken from the AI plus A16Z podcast,
    0:00:44 A16Z partner Joel De La Garza talks with ArcJet CEO David Mitten
    0:00:47 about building internet infrastructure for this new era.
    0:00:49 Here’s Derek to kick things off.
    0:00:55 Thanks for listening to the A16Z AI podcast.
    0:00:56 If you’ve been listening for a while
    0:00:58 or if you’re at all plugged into the world of AI,
    0:01:00 you’ve no doubt heard about AI agents
    0:01:03 and all the amazing things they theoretically can do.
    0:01:04 But there’s a catch.
    0:01:07 When it comes to engaging with websites,
    0:01:10 agents are limited by what any given site allows them to do.
    0:01:14 If, for example, a site tries to limit all non-human interactions
    0:01:17 in an attempt to prevent unwanted bot activity,
    0:01:20 it might also prevent an AI agent from working on a customer’s behalf,
    0:01:24 say, making a reservation, signing up for a service, or buying a product.
    0:01:29 This broad strokes approach to site security is incompatible with the idea of what some call
    0:01:35 agent experience, an approach to web and product design that treats agents as first-class users.
    0:01:41 In this episode, A16Z infra partner, Joel De LaGarza dives into this topic with David Mitton,
    0:01:46 the CEO of ArcJet, a startup building developer-native security for modern web frameworks,
    0:01:50 including attack detection, sign-up spam prevention, and bot detection.
    0:01:54 Their discussion is short, sweet, and very insightful.
    0:01:56 And you’ll hear it after these disclosures.
    0:02:01 As a reminder, please note that the content here is for informational purposes only,
    0:02:05 should not be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice,
    0:02:08 or be used to evaluate any investment or security,
    0:02:14 and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any A16Z fund.
    0:02:19 For more details, please see A16Z.com slash disclosures.
    0:02:22 It seems like what once was old is new again.
    0:02:28 And we’d love to get your thoughts on this new emergence of bots
    0:02:31 and how, while we know all the bad things that happen with them,
    0:02:33 there’s actually a lot of good and really cool stuff that’s happening
    0:02:35 and how we can maybe work towards enabling that.
    0:02:37 Right, well, things have changed, right?
    0:02:40 The DDoS problem is still there,
    0:02:43 but it’s just almost handled as a commodity these days.
    0:02:46 The network provider, your cloud provider,
    0:02:47 they’ll just deal with it.
    0:02:49 And so when you’re deploying an application,
    0:02:51 most of the time you just don’t have to think about it.
    0:02:54 The challenge comes when you’ve got traffic
    0:02:57 that just doesn’t fit those filters.
    0:02:59 It looks like it could be legitimate,
    0:03:01 or maybe it is legitimate,
    0:03:02 and you just have a different view
    0:03:04 about what kind of traffic you want to see.
    0:03:06 And so the challenge is really about
    0:03:08 how do you distinguish between the good bots and the bad bots?
    0:03:11 And then with AI changing things,
    0:03:15 it’s bots that might even be acting on behalf of humans, right?
    0:03:17 It’s no longer a binary decision.
    0:03:21 And as the amount of traffic from bots increases,
    0:03:23 in some cases, it’s the majority of traffic
    0:03:26 that sites are receiving is from an automated source.
    0:03:29 And so the question for site owners is,
    0:03:31 well, what kind of traffic do you want to allow?
    0:03:33 And when it’s automated,
    0:03:36 what kind of automated traffic should come to your site?
    0:03:38 And what are you getting in return for that?
    0:03:41 And in the old days, I mean, I guess the old providers,
    0:03:43 we’ll say, the legacy providers in this space,
    0:03:46 like it was very much using a hammer, right?
    0:03:50 So they would say, hey, if this IP address is coming in,
    0:03:51 it’s probably a bot.
    0:03:53 Or they would say, if this user agent is coming in,
    0:03:54 it’s probably a bot.
    0:03:55 Very imprecise.
    0:03:57 And I think the downside of that is that
    0:03:59 you probably blocked a lot of legitimate traffic
    0:04:01 along with the legitimate traffic.
    0:04:04 And now there’s very real consequences
    0:04:06 because some of these AI bots could be actual users
    0:04:08 that are acting on behalf of
    0:04:10 who are looking to purchase your products.
    0:04:11 This is the challenge.
    0:04:13 So a volumetric DDoS attack,
    0:04:15 you just want to block that at the network.
    0:04:16 You never want to see that traffic.
    0:04:20 But everything else needs the context of the application.
    0:04:21 You need to know where in the application
    0:04:23 the traffic is coming to.
    0:04:25 You need to know who the user is, the session,
    0:04:27 and to understand in which case
    0:04:28 you want to allow or deny that.
    0:04:31 And so this is the real issue for developers,
    0:04:34 for site owners, for security teams,
    0:04:36 is to make those really nuanced decisions
    0:04:40 to understand whether the traffic should be allowed or not.
    0:04:43 And the context of the application itself is so important
    0:04:44 because it depends on the site.
    0:04:46 If you’re running an e-commerce operation,
    0:04:47 an online store,
    0:04:50 the worst thing you can do is block a transaction
    0:04:51 because then you’ve lost the revenue.
    0:04:54 Usually you want to then flag that order for review.
    0:04:57 A human customer support person is going to come in
    0:04:59 and determine based on various signals
    0:05:01 by whether to allow it.
    0:05:03 And if you just block that at the network,
    0:05:05 then your application will never see it.
    0:05:08 You never even know that that order was failed in some way.
    0:05:11 There’s been a lot of media releases
    0:05:14 about companies that have released solutions in this space.
    0:05:17 But largely they were based on sort of those
    0:05:19 old kind of approaches using network telemetry.
    0:05:23 Is that generally how they’re working now?
    0:05:26 Or is there some other capabilities that they’ve released?
    0:05:28 Because they give them AI names
    0:05:29 and you just immediately assume
    0:05:30 that they’re doing something fancy.
    0:05:31 That’s right, yeah.
    0:05:32 So blocking on the network
    0:05:36 is basically how the majority of these old school products work.
    0:05:39 They do analysis before the traffic reaches your application
    0:05:42 and then you never know what the result of that was.
    0:05:44 And that just doesn’t fly anymore.
    0:05:47 It’s insufficient for being able to build modern applications.
    0:05:49 Particularly with AI coming in
    0:05:51 where something like OpenAI
    0:05:54 has four or five different types of bots
    0:05:56 and some of them you might want to make
    0:05:58 a more restrictive decision over.
    0:06:00 But then others are going to be taking actions
    0:06:01 on behalf of a user search.
    0:06:05 And we’re seeing lots of different applications
    0:06:06 getting more signups.
    0:06:08 Businesses actually getting higher conversions
    0:06:10 as a result of this AI traffic.
    0:06:13 And so just blocking anything that is called AI
    0:06:15 is too blunt of an instrument.
    0:06:17 You need much more nuance.
    0:06:18 And the only way you can do that
    0:06:20 is with the application context,
    0:06:22 understanding what’s going on inside your code.
    0:06:24 I mean, I’d say we’re seeing across the industry
    0:06:27 that AI is driving incredible amounts
    0:06:28 of new revenue to companies.
    0:06:30 And if you use an old world tool
    0:06:31 to just block any of that traffic,
    0:06:33 you’re probably dooming your business.
    0:06:33 That’s right.
    0:06:36 Or you’re putting it into some kind of maze
    0:06:37 where it’s seeing irrelevant content.
    0:06:39 And then by doing that,
    0:06:41 you are kind of downranking your site
    0:06:44 because the AI crawler is never going to come back.
    0:06:46 It’s kind of like blocking Google
    0:06:47 from visiting your site.
    0:06:49 It’s like, yeah, Google doesn’t get you in,
    0:06:51 you’re no longer in Google’s index,
    0:06:53 but then you’re no longer in Google’s index.
    0:06:54 And so anyone searching
    0:06:56 is not going to find you as a result.
    0:06:59 Well, and I believe we had sort of standards
    0:07:00 in the old days that developed
    0:07:03 or quasi standards like robots.txt, right?
    0:07:04 Which would tell you like until the crawlers,
    0:07:06 hey, don’t crawl these directories.
    0:07:08 Are we doing something similar
    0:07:09 for this new age agentic world?
    0:07:13 So robots.txt is still the starting place.
    0:07:15 And it’s kind of a voluntary standard.
    0:07:19 It evolved over several decades ago now.
    0:07:20 It’s been around a long time.
    0:07:22 Bots have been a problem for a long time.
    0:07:24 And the idea is you describe
    0:07:25 the areas of your application
    0:07:29 and tell any robot that’s coming to your site
    0:07:31 whether you want to allow that robot
    0:07:33 to access that area of the site or not.
    0:07:35 And you could use that to control
    0:07:36 the rollout of new content.
    0:07:39 You could protect certain pages of your site
    0:07:40 that you just don’t want to be indexed
    0:07:41 for whatever reason.
    0:07:43 And you can also point the crawler
    0:07:44 to where you do want it to go.
    0:07:46 You can use the sitemap for that as well.
    0:07:49 But the robots.txt file format
    0:07:50 has evolved over time
    0:07:53 to provide these signals to the likes,
    0:07:55 to crawlers like search engines
    0:07:56 from Google and so on.
    0:07:59 The challenge with that is it’s voluntary
    0:08:01 and there’s no enforcement of it.
    0:08:04 So you’ve got good bots like Googlebot
    0:08:05 that will follow the standard
    0:08:07 and you’ll be able to have full control
    0:08:08 over what it does.
    0:08:11 But there are newer bots that are ignoring it
    0:08:13 or even sometimes using it as a way
    0:08:15 to find the parts of your site
    0:08:16 that you don’t want it to access
    0:08:18 and they will just do that anyway.
    0:08:20 And so this becomes a control problem
    0:08:21 for the site owner.
    0:08:23 And you really want to be able to understand
    0:08:26 not just what the list of rules are
    0:08:27 but how they are enforced.
    0:08:28 Totally.
    0:08:30 Maybe it’d be great to walk through
    0:08:32 what these agents are.
    0:08:34 Maybe get some more understanding
    0:08:36 of sort of how they operate,
    0:08:38 what people are using them for,
    0:08:40 perhaps go through a couple of the use cases.
    0:08:42 And then it’d be great to understand
    0:08:44 sort of like how you do control it
    0:08:47 because it seems like a far more complicated problem
    0:08:48 than just bad IP addresses.
    0:08:48 Right.
    0:08:51 So if we think about OpenAI as an example
    0:08:53 because they have four or five different crawlers,
    0:08:56 there’s one and they all have different names
    0:08:57 and they all identify themselves
    0:08:58 in different ways.
    0:09:01 So one actually is crawling to train
    0:09:03 the OpenAI models on your site.
    0:09:05 And that’s the one that probably everyone
    0:09:07 is thinking about when they’re thinking about
    0:09:09 I want to block AI, the training.
    0:09:11 And you have different philosophical approaches
    0:09:12 to how you want to be included
    0:09:14 in the training data.
    0:09:15 The others are more nuanced
    0:09:17 and will require more thought.
    0:09:19 So there’s one that will go out
    0:09:23 when a user is typing something into the chat
    0:09:24 and is asked a question
    0:09:26 and OpenAI will go out and search.
    0:09:29 It’s built up its own search index.
    0:09:31 And so that’s equivalent of Googlebot.
    0:09:33 You probably want to be in that index
    0:09:35 because as we’re seeing,
    0:09:37 sites are getting more signups,
    0:09:37 they’re getting more traffic.
    0:09:40 The discovery process is being part
    0:09:42 of just another search index is super important.
    0:09:42 Gotcha.
    0:09:44 So like when I ask OpenAI,
    0:09:46 when is John F. Kennedy’s birthday?
    0:09:47 If it doesn’t know the answer,
    0:09:48 it goes out and searches the web.
    0:09:49 Yeah, that’s right.
    0:09:50 Or if it’s trying to get open hours
    0:09:51 for something,
    0:09:53 it might go to a website for a cafe or whatever
    0:09:55 and pass it and then return the results.
    0:09:57 So that’s really just like a classic
    0:09:58 search engine crawler
    0:10:01 except it’s kind of happening behind the scenes.
    0:10:02 The other one is something
    0:10:04 that’s happening in real time.
    0:10:06 So you might give the agent
    0:10:07 a specific URL
    0:10:09 and go and ask it to summarize it
    0:10:11 or to look up a particular question
    0:10:13 in the docs for a developer tool
    0:10:14 or something like that.
    0:10:15 And then that’s a separate agent
    0:10:16 that will go out,
    0:10:17 it will read the website
    0:10:18 and then it will return
    0:10:20 and answer the query.
    0:10:22 For both of these two examples,
    0:10:23 OpenAI and others
    0:10:26 are now starting to cite those sources.
    0:10:27 And you’ll regularly see,
    0:10:28 and this is kind of the recommendation,
    0:10:31 is you get the result from the AI tool
    0:10:33 but you shouldn’t trust it 100%.
    0:10:34 You go and then verify
    0:10:35 and you look at the docs.
    0:10:37 And maybe it’s like
    0:10:38 when you used to go to Wikipedia
    0:10:39 and you’d read the summary
    0:10:40 and then you’d look at the references
    0:10:41 and you’d go to all the references
    0:10:43 and check to make sure
    0:10:44 what had been summarized
    0:10:45 was actually correct.
    0:10:46 But all three of those examples,
    0:10:48 you clearly could see
    0:10:48 why you would want them
    0:10:49 accessing your site.
    0:10:50 Right.
    0:10:52 Why like blocking all of OpenAI’s crawlers
    0:10:53 is probably a very bad idea.
    0:10:54 Yeah, it’s too blunt.
    0:10:55 It’s too blunt an instrument.
    0:10:56 You need to be able to distinguish
    0:10:57 each one of these
    0:10:59 and determine which parts of your site
    0:11:00 you want them to get into.
    0:11:03 And this then comes to the fourth one
    0:11:04 which is the actual agent.
    0:11:06 This is the end agent,
    0:11:08 the computer operator type feature.
    0:11:09 Headless web browsers.
    0:11:11 Headless web browsers, yeah.
    0:11:12 But even a web browser,
    0:11:12 a full web browser
    0:11:14 operating inside a VM.
    0:11:16 And those are the ones
    0:11:17 that require more nuance
    0:11:20 because maybe you’re booking a ticket
    0:11:22 or doing some research
    0:11:23 and you do want the agent
    0:11:24 to take actions on your behalf.
    0:11:26 Maybe it’s going to your email inbox
    0:11:27 and triaging things.
    0:11:30 From the application builder’s perspective,
    0:11:32 that’s probably a good thing.
    0:11:33 You want more transactions,
    0:11:35 you want more usage of your application.
    0:11:37 But there are examples
    0:11:39 where it might be a bad action.
    0:11:40 So for example,
    0:11:41 if you’re building a tool
    0:11:42 that is going to try and
    0:11:44 buy all of the concert tickets
    0:11:46 and then sell them on later,
    0:11:47 that becomes a problem
    0:11:48 for the concert seller
    0:11:50 because they don’t want to do that.
    0:11:50 They want the true fans
    0:11:52 to be able to get access to those.
    0:11:53 And again, you need the nuance.
    0:11:55 Maybe you allow the bot
    0:11:56 to go to the homepage
    0:11:57 and sit in a queue.
    0:11:58 But then when you get
    0:11:59 to the front of the queue,
    0:12:00 you want the human
    0:12:01 to actually make the purchase
    0:12:02 and you want to rate limit that
    0:12:03 so that maybe the human
    0:12:04 can only purchase,
    0:12:05 let’s say, five tickets.
    0:12:06 You don’t want them
    0:12:07 to purchase 500 tickets.
    0:12:08 And so this gets into
    0:12:10 the real details of the context,
    0:12:11 each one,
    0:12:12 about what you might want to allow
    0:12:13 and what you might want to restrict.
    0:12:15 That’s incredibly complicated.
    0:12:16 I mean, if I remember back
    0:12:18 why we made a lot
    0:12:18 of the decisions we made
    0:12:19 on blocking bots
    0:12:21 was strictly because of scale.
    0:12:23 So, you know,
    0:12:25 you’ve got 450,000 IP addresses
    0:12:26 sending you terabits of traffic
    0:12:27 through a link
    0:12:28 that only can do gigabit
    0:12:30 and you’ve got to just
    0:12:31 start dropping stuff, right?
    0:12:32 And you take, you know,
    0:12:34 it’s the battlefield triage
    0:12:35 of the wounded, right?
    0:12:36 It’s like some of you
    0:12:37 aren’t going to make it
    0:12:39 and it becomes a little brutal.
    0:12:40 That sounds incredibly sophisticated.
    0:12:43 How do you do that sort of
    0:12:44 fine-grained control
    0:12:45 of traffic flow
    0:12:47 at internet scale?
    0:12:48 So this is about
    0:12:49 building up layers of protections.
    0:12:51 So you start with the robots.txt,
    0:12:53 just managing the good bots.
    0:12:54 Then you look at IPs
    0:12:56 and start understanding,
    0:12:57 well, where’s the traffic coming from?
    0:12:58 In an ideal scenario,
    0:12:59 you have one user per IP address,
    0:13:00 but we all know that
    0:13:02 that doesn’t happen.
    0:13:02 That never happens.
    0:13:04 And so you can start to build up
    0:13:05 databases of reputation
    0:13:06 around the IP address
    0:13:08 and you can access
    0:13:09 the underlying metadata
    0:13:10 about that address
    0:13:11 knowing which country
    0:13:12 it’s coming from
    0:13:13 or which network it belongs to.
    0:13:15 And then you can start
    0:13:16 building up these decisions
    0:13:17 thinking, well,
    0:13:18 we shouldn’t really be getting
    0:13:20 traffic from a data center
    0:13:22 for our signup page.
    0:13:23 And so we could block
    0:13:24 that network.
    0:13:26 But it becomes more challenging
    0:13:27 if we have that agent example.
    0:13:30 The agent with a web browser
    0:13:31 or headless browser
    0:13:31 is going to be running
    0:13:32 on a server somewhere.
    0:13:33 It’s probably in a data center.
    0:13:35 And then you have
    0:13:36 the compounding factor
    0:13:37 of the abusers
    0:13:39 will purchase access
    0:13:39 to proxies
    0:13:41 which run on residential
    0:13:41 IP addresses.
    0:13:43 So you can’t easily rely
    0:13:44 on the fact
    0:13:45 that it’s part of
    0:13:47 a home ISP block anymore.
    0:13:48 And so you have to build up
    0:13:49 these patterns
    0:13:50 understanding the reputation
    0:13:51 of the IP address.
    0:13:52 Then you have
    0:13:53 the user agent string
    0:13:55 that is basically
    0:13:56 a free text field
    0:13:57 that you can fill in
    0:13:58 with whatever you like.
    0:13:58 There is kind of
    0:13:59 a standard there,
    0:14:00 but the good bots
    0:14:01 will tell you who they are.
    0:14:02 It’s been surprising
    0:14:04 getting into the details
    0:14:05 of this how many bots
    0:14:06 actually tell you
    0:14:06 who they are.
    0:14:07 And so you can block
    0:14:07 a lot of them
    0:14:08 just on that heuristic
    0:14:10 combined with the IP address.
    0:14:11 Or allow them.
    0:14:12 Or allow them.
    0:14:13 Yeah, I’m the shopping bot
    0:14:13 from OpenAI.
    0:14:14 Right.
    0:14:14 Come on in,
    0:14:15 buy some stuff.
    0:14:15 Exactly.
    0:14:16 And Googlebot,
    0:14:16 OpenAI,
    0:14:18 they tell you who they are
    0:14:19 and then you can verify that
    0:14:20 by doing a reverse DNS
    0:14:21 lookup on the IP address.
    0:14:22 So even though
    0:14:23 you might be able
    0:14:24 to pretend to be Googlebot,
    0:14:25 you can check to make sure
    0:14:26 that that’s the case or not
    0:14:28 with very low latency lookups.
    0:14:30 So we can verify that,
    0:14:30 yes, this is Google,
    0:14:31 I want to allow them.
    0:14:33 yes, this is the OpenAI bot
    0:14:35 that is doing the search indexing,
    0:14:36 I want to allow that.
    0:14:37 The next level from that
    0:14:39 is building up fingerprints
    0:14:40 and fingerprinting
    0:14:41 the characteristics
    0:14:42 of the request.
    0:14:43 And this started
    0:14:45 with the JA3 hash
    0:14:45 which was invented
    0:14:46 at Salesforce
    0:14:47 and has now been developed
    0:14:48 into a JA4.
    0:14:50 Some of them are open source
    0:14:50 these algorithms,
    0:14:52 some of them are not.
    0:14:53 So essentially you take
    0:14:53 all of the metrics
    0:14:54 around a session
    0:14:55 and you create a hash of it
    0:14:56 and then you stick it
    0:14:56 in a database.
    0:14:57 Exactly.
    0:14:58 And you look for matches
    0:14:58 to that hash.
    0:14:59 You look for matches
    0:15:00 and then the idea
    0:15:01 is that the hash
    0:15:02 will change based
    0:15:03 on the client
    0:15:04 so you can allow
    0:15:05 or deny certain clients
    0:15:06 but if you have
    0:15:07 a huge number
    0:15:07 of those clients
    0:15:08 all spamming you
    0:15:09 then they all
    0:15:10 look the same,
    0:15:10 they all have
    0:15:11 the same fingerprint
    0:15:12 and you can just
    0:15:13 block that fingerprint.
    0:15:14 So this is almost like
    0:15:15 if you think of
    0:15:17 I always think of things
    0:15:18 in terms of the classic
    0:15:18 sort of network stack
    0:15:20 like layer 0 up to layer 7
    0:15:22 like this is almost like
    0:15:24 layer 2 level identity
    0:15:25 for devices, right?
    0:15:26 Right.
    0:15:27 It’s looking at the TLS
    0:15:28 handshake on the network level
    0:15:30 and then you can go up
    0:15:31 the layers
    0:15:32 and there’s one called
    0:15:33 the JA4H
    0:15:35 which looks at the HTTP headers
    0:15:37 and the earlier versions
    0:15:39 of this would be working
    0:15:40 on the ordering
    0:15:40 of the headers
    0:15:41 for instance
    0:15:42 so an easy way
    0:15:43 to work around it
    0:15:44 is just to shift
    0:15:44 the headers
    0:15:46 the hashing has improved
    0:15:47 over time
    0:15:48 so that even changing
    0:15:49 the ordering of the headers
    0:15:51 doesn’t change the hash
    0:15:52 and the idea is
    0:15:53 that you can then combine
    0:15:54 all of these different signals
    0:15:56 to try and come to a decision
    0:15:57 about whether you think
    0:15:57 this is
    0:15:58 or who it is
    0:16:00 basically making the request
    0:16:01 and if it’s malicious
    0:16:02 you can block it
    0:16:02 based on that
    0:16:03 and if it’s someone
    0:16:04 that you want to allow
    0:16:05 then you can do so.
    0:16:05 And this is before
    0:16:06 you even get into
    0:16:08 kind of the user level
    0:16:09 what’s actually happening
    0:16:10 in the application, right?
    0:16:10 That’s right, yeah.
    0:16:12 So this is the logic
    0:16:13 on top of that
    0:16:14 because you have to identify
    0:16:14 who it is first
    0:16:16 before you apply the rules
    0:16:17 about what you want them to do.
    0:16:18 Gotcha, so it’s almost like
    0:16:19 you’re adding an authentication layer
    0:16:21 or an identity layer
    0:16:22 to sort of the transport side.
    0:16:23 That’s right, yeah.
    0:16:25 Or the application side
    0:16:26 I guess you should say.
    0:16:27 Yeah, the application, yeah.
    0:16:29 But it’s throughout the whole stack
    0:16:30 the whole OSI model
    0:16:31 and the idea is
    0:16:32 you have this
    0:16:33 consistent fingerprint
    0:16:34 that you can then
    0:16:36 apply these rules to
    0:16:36 and identity
    0:16:37 kind of layers
    0:16:38 on top of that
    0:16:39 and we’ve seen
    0:16:40 some interesting developments
    0:16:42 in fingerprinting
    0:16:43 and providing signatures
    0:16:45 based on
    0:16:45 who the request
    0:16:46 is coming from.
    0:16:47 So a couple of years ago
    0:16:48 Apple announced
    0:16:49 Privacy Pass
    0:16:52 which is a hash
    0:16:52 that is attached
    0:16:54 to every request
    0:16:54 you make
    0:16:55 if you’re in the
    0:16:55 Apple ecosystem
    0:16:56 using Safari
    0:16:57 on iPhone
    0:16:58 or on Mac
    0:16:59 then there is a way
    0:17:01 to authenticate
    0:17:01 that the request
    0:17:02 is coming from
    0:17:03 an individual
    0:17:04 who has a subscription
    0:17:05 to iCloud
    0:17:06 and Apple has
    0:17:07 their own fraud analysis
    0:17:08 to allow you
    0:17:09 to subscribe to iCloud
    0:17:09 so it’s a very
    0:17:11 it’s an easy assumption
    0:17:11 to make
    0:17:12 that if you have
    0:17:12 a subscription
    0:17:14 and this signature
    0:17:15 is verified
    0:17:16 then you’re a real person.
    0:17:17 There’s a new one
    0:17:18 that Cloudflare
    0:17:19 recently published
    0:17:21 around doing the same thing
    0:17:23 for automated requests
    0:17:24 and having a fingerprint
    0:17:25 that’s attached
    0:17:25 to a signature
    0:17:26 inside every single request
    0:17:27 which you can then use
    0:17:29 public key cryptography
    0:17:30 to verify
    0:17:31 these are all emerging
    0:17:32 as the problem
    0:17:33 of being able
    0:17:34 to identify
    0:17:35 automated clients
    0:17:36 increases
    0:17:37 because you want
    0:17:38 to be able to know
    0:17:39 who the good ones are
    0:17:40 to allow them through
    0:17:41 whilst blocking
    0:17:42 all the attackers.
    0:17:43 Yeah it’s just like
    0:17:43 the old days
    0:17:44 with Kerberos right
    0:17:45 every large vendor
    0:17:46 is going to have
    0:17:46 their flavor
    0:17:48 and if you’re a shop
    0:17:48 and you’re trying
    0:17:49 to sell to everybody
    0:17:50 you’ve got to kind of
    0:17:50 work with all of them.
    0:17:51 That’s right
    0:17:52 and you just need
    0:17:53 to be able to understand
    0:17:54 is this a human
    0:17:55 and is our application
    0:17:56 built for humans
    0:17:57 and then you allow them
    0:17:58 or is it
    0:17:59 that we’re building
    0:17:59 an API
    0:18:00 or do we want
    0:18:01 to be indexed
    0:18:01 and we want
    0:18:02 to allow this traffic
    0:18:03 it’s just giving
    0:18:04 the site owner
    0:18:05 the control.
    0:18:06 Yeah I mean I think
    0:18:07 what’s really interesting
    0:18:09 to me is that
    0:18:10 in my own use
    0:18:11 and in my own life
    0:18:13 like I interact
    0:18:13 with the internet
    0:18:15 less and less directly
    0:18:16 like almost every day
    0:18:17 and I’m going through
    0:18:18 some sort of
    0:18:19 AI type thing
    0:18:20 it could be an agent
    0:18:20 it could be
    0:18:21 a large language model
    0:18:22 it could be
    0:18:23 any number of things
    0:18:24 but I generally
    0:18:25 don’t query stuff
    0:18:26 directly as much
    0:18:27 as I used to
    0:18:28 and it seems like
    0:18:28 we’re moving
    0:18:29 to a world
    0:18:29 where almost
    0:18:31 the layer you describe
    0:18:32 the agent type
    0:18:34 activity you describe
    0:18:34 will become
    0:18:35 the primary consumer
    0:18:36 of everything
    0:18:36 on the internet.
    0:18:38 Well if 50%
    0:18:38 of the traffic
    0:18:39 is already
    0:18:40 bots
    0:18:41 it’s already
    0:18:41 automated
    0:18:42 and agents
    0:18:43 are only really
    0:18:44 just getting going
    0:18:45 most people
    0:18:45 are not using
    0:18:46 these computer use
    0:18:47 agents
    0:18:48 because they’re
    0:18:48 too slow
    0:18:49 right now
    0:18:49 they’re not
    0:18:50 they’re still
    0:18:51 like previews
    0:18:52 but it’s clear
    0:18:52 that’s where
    0:18:53 everything is going
    0:18:54 then we’re going
    0:18:55 to see an explosion
    0:18:57 in the traffic
    0:18:57 that’s coming
    0:18:58 from these tools
    0:18:58 and just blocking
    0:18:59 them just because
    0:19:00 they’re AI
    0:19:01 is the wrong answer
    0:19:02 you’ve really got
    0:19:03 to understand
    0:19:04 why you want them
    0:19:05 what they’re doing
    0:19:06 who they’re coming
    0:19:06 from and then
    0:19:07 you can create
    0:19:08 these granular rules
    0:19:08 I mean I hate
    0:19:09 to use the analogy
    0:19:09 but these things
    0:19:10 are almost like
    0:19:11 avatars right
    0:19:12 they’re running
    0:19:13 around on someone’s
    0:19:13 behalf
    0:19:14 and you need
    0:19:14 to figure out
    0:19:15 who that someone
    0:19:16 is and what
    0:19:16 the objectives
    0:19:17 are
    0:19:18 and control them
    0:19:19 very granularly
    0:19:20 and the old
    0:19:20 school methods
    0:19:22 of doing that
    0:19:23 assume malicious
    0:19:23 intent
    0:19:25 which isn’t
    0:19:26 always the case
    0:19:26 and increasingly
    0:19:27 is going to be
    0:19:28 not the case
    0:19:28 because you want
    0:19:29 the agents
    0:19:30 to be doing things
    0:19:31 and the signals
    0:19:31 just no longer
    0:19:33 work when you’re
    0:19:33 expecting traffic
    0:19:34 to come from
    0:19:35 a data center
    0:19:35 or you’re expecting
    0:19:36 it to come from
    0:19:37 an automated
    0:19:38 Chrome instance
    0:19:39 and being able
    0:19:40 to have the
    0:19:41 understanding
    0:19:42 of your application
    0:19:43 to dig into
    0:19:44 the characteristics
    0:19:45 of the request
    0:19:45 is going to be
    0:19:46 increasingly important
    0:19:47 in the future
    0:19:48 of distinguishing
    0:19:49 how criminals
    0:19:50 are using
    0:19:51 AI
    0:19:52 what we’ve seen
    0:19:52 so far
    0:19:52 is either
    0:19:53 training
    0:19:54 and people
    0:19:55 have that opinion
    0:19:55 of whether they
    0:19:56 want to train
    0:19:56 or not
    0:19:57 or it’s bots
    0:19:58 that maybe
    0:19:58 have got something
    0:19:59 wrong
    0:20:00 they’re accessing
    0:20:00 the site
    0:20:01 too much
    0:20:01 because they
    0:20:02 haven’t thought
    0:20:02 about throttling
    0:20:04 or they’re ignoring
    0:20:04 robots.txt
    0:20:05 rather than looking
    0:20:06 at agents.txt
    0:20:07 which is distinguishing
    0:20:09 between an agent
    0:20:09 you want to access
    0:20:10 your site
    0:20:11 and some kind
    0:20:11 of crawler
    0:20:13 and the examples
    0:20:14 that we’ve seen
    0:20:15 are just bots
    0:20:15 coming to websites
    0:20:16 and just downloading
    0:20:17 the content
    0:20:17 continuously
    0:20:19 there’s no world
    0:20:20 where that should
    0:20:20 be happening
    0:20:22 and this is
    0:20:23 where the cost
    0:20:23 is being put
    0:20:24 on the site owner
    0:20:25 because they currently
    0:20:26 have no easy way
    0:20:26 to manage
    0:20:27 the control
    0:20:30 the traffic
    0:20:30 that’s coming
    0:20:31 to their site
    0:20:32 directionally
    0:20:33 things are improving
    0:20:34 because
    0:20:34 you might have
    0:20:35 looked back
    0:20:36 18 months
    0:20:37 and the bots
    0:20:38 have no rate
    0:20:38 limiting
    0:20:39 they’re just
    0:20:39 downloading content
    0:20:40 all the time
    0:20:42 today we know
    0:20:42 that these bots
    0:20:43 can be verified
    0:20:44 they are identifying
    0:20:45 themselves
    0:20:46 they are much
    0:20:47 better citizens
    0:20:48 of the internet
    0:20:48 and they are
    0:20:49 starting to follow
    0:20:50 the rules
    0:20:51 and so over the
    0:20:52 next 18 months
    0:20:53 I think we’ll see
    0:20:54 more of that
    0:20:55 more of the AI
    0:20:56 crawlers that we want
    0:20:57 following the rules
    0:20:58 doing things in the right way
    0:20:59 and it will start
    0:21:00 to split into
    0:21:01 making it a lot easier
    0:21:02 to detect the bots
    0:21:03 with criminal intent
    0:21:04 and those are the ones
    0:21:05 that we want to be blocking
    0:21:06 So with the transition
    0:21:08 of bots
    0:21:09 from being these
    0:21:10 entities on the internet
    0:21:11 that represent
    0:21:12 third parties
    0:21:13 and organizations
    0:21:14 to this new world
    0:21:16 where these AI agents
    0:21:16 could be representing
    0:21:17 organizations
    0:21:17 they could be
    0:21:18 representing customers
    0:21:19 they could be
    0:21:20 representing any number
    0:21:20 of people
    0:21:21 and this is probably
    0:21:22 the wave of the future
    0:21:24 it seems to me like
    0:21:25 detecting
    0:21:26 that it’s AI
    0:21:27 or a person
    0:21:27 is going to be
    0:21:28 an incredibly difficult
    0:21:28 challenge
    0:21:29 and I’m curious
    0:21:31 like how are you
    0:21:31 thinking about
    0:21:33 proving humanness
    0:21:34 on the internet
    0:21:34 right
    0:21:35 proofing
    0:21:37 is a tale
    0:21:38 as old as time
    0:21:39 there’s a NIST
    0:21:39 working group
    0:21:40 on proofing identity
    0:21:41 that’s been running
    0:21:42 I think for 35 years
    0:21:43 and like still
    0:21:44 hasn’t really gotten
    0:21:45 to something
    0:21:45 that’s implementable
    0:21:46 there’s 15 companies
    0:21:47 out there right
    0:21:48 the first wave
    0:21:50 of ride share services
    0:21:51 and gig economy
    0:21:52 type companies
    0:21:53 needed to have proofing
    0:21:53 right
    0:21:54 because you’re hiring
    0:21:54 these people
    0:21:55 in remote places
    0:21:56 where you don’t
    0:21:56 have an office
    0:21:57 and it’s still
    0:21:58 not a solved problem
    0:21:59 I’m curious
    0:21:59 like it feels
    0:22:00 like maybe AI
    0:22:02 can help get us there
    0:22:03 or maybe there’s
    0:22:03 something that’s
    0:22:04 happening in that space
    0:22:04 right
    0:22:06 well the pure solution
    0:22:07 is digital signature
    0:22:07 right
    0:22:08 but we’ve been
    0:22:09 talking about that
    0:22:10 for so long
    0:22:12 and the UX
    0:22:12 around it
    0:22:13 is basically impossible
    0:22:15 for normal people
    0:22:16 to figure out
    0:22:17 and it’s why
    0:22:17 something like
    0:22:18 email encryption
    0:22:19 no one encrypts
    0:22:19 their email
    0:22:21 you have encrypted chat
    0:22:21 because it’s built
    0:22:22 into the app
    0:22:23 and it can do
    0:22:24 all the difficult
    0:22:24 things like the
    0:22:26 key exchange
    0:22:26 behind the scenes
    0:22:28 so that solution
    0:22:29 isn’t really going to work
    0:22:31 but AI has been used
    0:22:32 in analyzing traffic
    0:22:33 for at least over a decade
    0:22:34 it’s just it was called
    0:22:35 machine learning
    0:22:36 and so you start
    0:22:37 with machine learning
    0:22:38 and the question is
    0:22:39 well what does
    0:22:40 the new generation
    0:22:42 of AI allow us to do
    0:22:43 the challenge with
    0:22:45 the LLM type models
    0:22:46 is just the speed
    0:22:47 at which they are
    0:22:48 doing analysis
    0:22:49 because you often
    0:22:51 want to take a decision
    0:22:52 on the network
    0:22:53 or in the application
    0:22:54 within a couple of milliseconds
    0:22:55 otherwise you’re going to be
    0:22:56 blocking the traffic
    0:22:57 and the user’s going to
    0:22:57 become annoyed
    0:22:59 and so you can do that
    0:22:59 with kind of
    0:23:01 classic machine learning models
    0:23:01 and do the inference
    0:23:02 really quickly
    0:23:03 and where I think
    0:23:04 the interesting thing
    0:23:05 in the next few years
    0:23:06 is going to be
    0:23:07 is how we take
    0:23:08 this new generation
    0:23:10 of generative AI
    0:23:11 using LLMs
    0:23:12 or other types
    0:23:14 of LLM-like technology
    0:23:15 to do analysis
    0:23:17 on huge traffic patterns
    0:23:18 I think that can be done
    0:23:19 in the background
    0:23:19 initially
    0:23:20 but we’re already seeing
    0:23:22 new edge models
    0:23:23 designed to be deployed
    0:23:24 to mobile devices
    0:23:25 and IoT
    0:23:26 that use very low amounts
    0:23:28 of system memory
    0:23:29 and can provide
    0:23:30 inference responses
    0:23:31 within milliseconds
    0:23:32 I think those
    0:23:33 are going to start
    0:23:33 to be deployed
    0:23:35 to applications
    0:23:37 over the next few years
    0:23:38 I think you’re exactly right
    0:23:38 like I think
    0:23:40 so much of what
    0:23:41 we’re seeing now
    0:23:42 is just being restricted
    0:23:43 by the cost of inference
    0:23:44 and that cost is
    0:23:45 dropping incredibly fast
    0:23:46 right
    0:23:46 we saw this with
    0:23:47 cloud
    0:23:47 where like
    0:23:49 S3 went to being
    0:23:50 the most expensive storage
    0:23:50 you could buy
    0:23:51 to being free
    0:23:52 essentially free
    0:23:52 Glacier is essentially free
    0:23:53 right
    0:23:53 free is beer
    0:23:53 right
    0:23:54 whatever
    0:23:55 and so like
    0:23:56 we’re seeing that
    0:23:58 even at a more
    0:23:58 accelerated rate
    0:23:59 for inference
    0:23:59 like the cost
    0:24:00 is just falling
    0:24:00 incredibly
    0:24:01 and then
    0:24:02 when you look
    0:24:03 at the capabilities
    0:24:04 of these
    0:24:05 new technologies
    0:24:06 to drop
    0:24:07 a suspicious email
    0:24:08 into chat GPT
    0:24:09 and ask if it’s
    0:24:09 suspicious
    0:24:10 and it’s like
    0:24:11 100% accurate
    0:24:11 right
    0:24:12 like if you want
    0:24:13 to like find
    0:24:14 sensitive information
    0:24:15 you ask
    0:24:15 the LLM
    0:24:16 is a sense
    0:24:16 of information
    0:24:17 and it’s like
    0:24:18 100% accurate
    0:24:18 like
    0:24:20 it’s amazing
    0:24:21 like as you squint
    0:24:22 and look at the future
    0:24:23 you can start to see
    0:24:24 these really incredible
    0:24:25 use cases
    0:24:25 right
    0:24:26 like to your point
    0:24:27 of inference
    0:24:27 on the edge
    0:24:27 like
    0:24:29 do you think
    0:24:29 do you think
    0:24:29 we all end up
    0:24:30 eventually
    0:24:30 with like
    0:24:31 an LLM
    0:24:32 running locally
    0:24:33 that’s basically
    0:24:34 going to be clippy
    0:24:34 but for CISOs
    0:24:35 like it pops up
    0:24:36 and says
    0:24:36 hey it looks like
    0:24:36 you’re doing
    0:24:37 something stupid
    0:24:38 like is that
    0:24:39 is that kind of
    0:24:39 where you think
    0:24:40 we land
    0:24:40 that’s what we’re
    0:24:41 working on
    0:24:41 is getting
    0:24:42 this analysis
    0:24:43 into the process
    0:24:43 so that for
    0:24:44 every single request
    0:24:45 that comes through
    0:24:45 you can have
    0:24:46 a sandbox
    0:24:47 that will analyze
    0:24:48 the full request
    0:24:49 and give you a response
    0:24:50 whereas now
    0:24:50 you can wait
    0:24:51 maybe two to five
    0:24:53 seconds to delay
    0:24:53 an email
    0:24:54 and do the analysis
    0:24:55 and decide whether
    0:24:57 to flag it for review
    0:24:57 or send it
    0:24:58 to someone’s inbox
    0:24:59 delaying an HTTP request
    0:25:00 for five seconds
    0:25:02 that’s not going to work
    0:25:02 and so I think
    0:25:05 the trend that we’re seeing
    0:25:05 with the improvement
    0:25:06 cost
    0:25:08 the inference cost
    0:25:09 but also the latency
    0:25:10 in getting the inference
    0:25:11 decision
    0:25:12 that’s going to be the key
    0:25:14 so we can embed this
    0:25:14 into the application
    0:25:16 you’ve got the full context
    0:25:16 window
    0:25:17 so you can add
    0:25:17 everything you know
    0:25:18 about the user
    0:25:19 everything about the session
    0:25:20 everything about your application
    0:25:22 alongside the request
    0:25:23 and then come to decision
    0:25:24 entirely locally
    0:25:25 on your web server
    0:25:26 on the edge
    0:25:27 wherever it happens
    0:25:27 to be running
    0:25:28 as I listen to you
    0:25:29 say that
    0:25:30 and describe this process
    0:25:30 all I can think
    0:25:31 is that advertisers
    0:25:32 are going to love this
    0:25:34 it just seems like
    0:25:35 the kind of technology
    0:25:36 built for sort of like
    0:25:37 hey he’s looking at this product
    0:25:38 show him this one right
    0:25:38 yeah
    0:25:40 super fast inference
    0:25:40 on the edge
    0:25:41 coming to a decision
    0:25:43 and for advertisers
    0:25:44 stopping click spam
    0:25:46 that’s a huge problem
    0:25:47 and being able to
    0:25:47 come to that decision
    0:25:48 before it even goes
    0:25:50 through your ad model
    0:25:51 and the auction system
    0:25:52 who would have ever thought
    0:25:53 that non-deterministic
    0:25:55 incredibly cheap compute
    0:25:57 would solve these use cases
    0:25:57 right
    0:25:59 we’re in a weird world
    0:26:01 that’s it for this episode
    0:26:03 thanks again for listening
    0:26:04 and remember to keep listening
    0:26:05 for some more great episodes
    0:26:07 as the AI space matures
    0:26:08 we need to start thinking
    0:26:09 more practically
    0:26:10 about how the technology
    0:26:11 coexists with the systems
    0:26:12 and platforms
    0:26:13 we already use
    0:26:15 that’s what we try to do here
    0:26:16 and we’ll keep examining
    0:26:16 these questions
    0:26:17 in the weeks to come

    Taken from the AI + a16z podcast, Arcjet CEO David Mytton sits down with a16z partner Joel de la Garza to discuss the increasing complexity of managing who can access websites, and other web apps, and what they can do there. A primary challenge is determining whether automated traffic is coming from bad actors and troublesome bots, or perhaps AI agents trying to buy a product on behalf of a real customer.Joel and David dive into the challenge of analyzing every request without adding latency, and how faster inference at the edge opens up new possibilities for fraud prevention, content filtering, and even ad tech.Topics include:

    • Why traditional threat analysis won’t work for the AI-powered web
    • The need for full-context security checks
    • How to perform sub-second, cost-effective inference
    • The wide range of potential actors and actions behind any given visit

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  • 10 Reasons to Buy a Laundromat Business as Your Next Side Hustle (Greatest Hits)

    AI transcript
    0:00:03 Here’s one from the Side Hustle Show Greatest Hits Collection Plus.
    0:00:06 Stick around at the end for the real-time check-in with Jordan
    0:00:10 to see how his business is doing four and a half years after this original recording.
    0:00:13 What’s up, what’s up, Nick Loper here.
    0:00:16 Welcome to the Side Hustle Show because if you mind the nickels and dimes,
    0:00:18 the dollars take care of themselves.
    0:00:23 Hat tip to Ben Young for that one, an early mentor of mine in my house painting days.
    0:00:29 This week’s Side Hustle is about minding probably not the nickels and dimes,
    0:00:32 but definitely the quarters and about how those can add up
    0:00:35 to some serious cash flow in a laundromat.
    0:00:39 Owning a laundromat, I think, is one of these stereotypical side hustles
    0:00:44 that have been around forever and yet here we are in episode 433
    0:00:46 and we haven’t talked about this yet.
    0:00:48 Simple, local, cash-flowing business.
    0:00:53 I want to say this was one of the examples in the Rich Dad Poor Dad cash flow board game
    0:00:57 where the object of the game is to escape the rat race
    0:00:59 by buying or building cash-flowing assets.
    0:01:01 Isn’t that the game we’re all playing?
    0:01:02 Financial independence, right?
    0:01:06 In any case, laundromats, definitely an interesting way to help you get there.
    0:01:11 When Side Hustle Show listener Jordan Berry reached out about his experience
    0:01:14 in the laundromat business, I was excited to learn more and share it with you.
    0:01:18 Stick around in this one to hear why a laundromat makes a great side hustle
    0:01:22 and investment vehicle, some expensive mistakes to avoid,
    0:01:27 where to look for financing help, and some creative marketing and monetization ideas
    0:01:31 to really accelerate your ROI and build equity at the same time.
    0:01:35 Notes and links for this episode are at sidehustlenation.com slash laundry
    0:01:39 and you can find Jordan at laundromatresource.com.
    0:01:43 Jordan is a former pastor, now turned multi-laundromat owner,
    0:01:45 but what made him think this was a great idea?
    0:01:46 Ready?
    0:01:47 Let’s do it.
    0:01:54 It’s like, wow, that’s such a random direction in life.
    0:01:55 And it is.
    0:02:00 So when I decided to step aside from pastoral ministry vocationally,
    0:02:04 we had a chunk of money, but I didn’t really have a plan on what to do.
    0:02:11 And I developed a, what I thought was a genius plan, which is rent out our house that we owned
    0:02:17 it here in Southern California and go buy a condo in Hawaii and live in Hawaii for a couple of years
    0:02:21 on the beach. And then when our kids were school age, we could come back to Southern California,
    0:02:27 net gain condo in Hawaii. And my wife come back to real life. It sounds like a good plan to me.
    0:02:30 I still think it’s a great plan. But my wife, on the other hand, was like,
    0:02:36 we should buy a laundromat. And thus begins the saga of the laundromat.
    0:02:43 And kind of the thought process behind that was, which I think also is a genius idea. But the
    0:02:49 thought process behind it was, you know, we wanted to put our money into something that would be
    0:02:55 making money where we didn’t have to be there. And this was before I had heard of rich dad, poor dad,
    0:03:01 or investing of any sort, really. I was, I was very naive. So this was a very novel idea
    0:03:05 to me. And I was very intrigued by it. And it kind of sent me down this path.
    0:03:09 Did your wife’s family have a background in running these things? Or she was just like,
    0:03:12 this seems like a cashflow business. Let’s go try it.
    0:03:18 Yeah, no, she heard of like, I guess, like a family friend who bought a laundromat,
    0:03:27 and he quit his tech job up in Northern California. And that was very inspiring and intriguing.
    0:03:33 And so that’s kind of how we were introduced to the concept. And we thought, man, if he could quit
    0:03:39 his tech job, you know, and just run a laundromat, and he’s there, you know, five, 10 hours a week,
    0:03:42 max. That sounds like what we want to do. Let’s do that.
    0:03:49 Is there a typical ROI that these things sell for? Like what’s, I mean, you can think of a rental
    0:03:55 house. And, you know, the market is very efficient, at least in certain areas, or at least it’s believed
    0:04:00 to be and say, well, here’s the cap rate, or here’s kind of the, you know, cash on cash return I can
    0:04:03 expect with rent. How are laundromats priced?
    0:04:08 Yeah, well, I mean, I think that’s one of the things that makes laundromats, I think one of the
    0:04:12 best businesses out there, which is kind of a funny thing to say, because, you know, it’s just a
    0:04:16 laundromat, and you probably drive by them all the time and don’t notice them. But the way that
    0:04:22 they’re valued is they’re valued based on net income. And they’re valued on a multiple of that
    0:04:28 net income. And so the typical multiple is three and a half to five, somewhere in that range, you know,
    0:04:34 depending on the condition and of the equipment and the business and the length of the lease and
    0:04:40 stuff, but somewhere three to five times net income, which means your returns can easily be
    0:04:49 over 20 and even over 30%. That’s unleveraged returns without any leverage. I mean, that’s
    0:04:51 without borrowing money, without borrowing money at all.
    0:04:57 But depending on the price of three to five times net income, it’s probably going to be a borrowing
    0:05:03 money situation, depending on, you know, how much this thing is making is I imagine that could add up
    0:05:09 quickly. It could be an expensive acquisition, but 20 to 30%. So for the comparison, you know,
    0:05:12 if we look at traditional rental property, especially with the market, the way it is right
    0:05:18 now, like if you’re doing 10, 12, 14%, you’re doing excellent there. So you’re doing a little bit
    0:05:24 better here, but there’s, I mean, there’s maintenance involved. There’s equipment and maybe some other
    0:05:29 stuff to consider. So your wife says, we’re going to buy a laundromat. The numbers look interesting.
    0:05:35 They pencil out. You say, okay, let’s go for it. Like, how do you begin shopping for one?
    0:05:38 I mean, that’s a really great question. It was something that we didn’t really know.
    0:05:42 And we just kind of fumbled our way through it started probably where everybody starts online.
    0:05:49 And we just Googled laundromats for sale near me and kind of chased laundromats for sale and started
    0:05:54 trying to get ahold of brokers that were listing laundromats and try to find one that was relatively
    0:05:58 close to us that, that we felt like we could make work. So that’s kind of where we started.
    0:06:04 When you found that first one, what was the process like of kicking the proverbial tires?
    0:06:10 It was kind of exciting, actually. And we had never owned a business. And so we, we got the sneak
    0:06:18 peek into this business, but the one that we ended up buying was really run down. It was typical what you
    0:06:23 think of when you think of a laundromat, you know, it was half the lights were out, half the machines
    0:06:28 didn’t work. It was dingy. There were homeless people there, but we were getting in there and we
    0:06:34 started opening up these machines and counting quarters. And I was like, man, this is pretty
    0:06:39 interesting. Quarters add up pretty quick and you can make pretty good money with just a bunch of
    0:06:45 quarters. So we got in there and we just started trying to figure out, you know, the trick to buying
    0:06:52 a laundromat really is figuring out how much money it’s making, how much money it’s spending. And is it
    0:06:57 going to continue to do that after you take over? And what can you do to improve the business? Right?
    0:07:03 So we’re kind of asking ourselves those four questions going along the process in order to try to figure
    0:07:08 out if this was going to be a good fit for us or not. And when someone has their business listed with
    0:07:12 a brokerage, they’ve disclosed those financials, profit and loss.
    0:07:19 Yeah. So those are seller reported. So the brokers relay that information. You know, one of the big
    0:07:24 tricks to buying a laundromat is that they’re all cash businesses. So it can be very difficult to verify
    0:07:29 those numbers, to pinpoint exactly how much money laundromats are making. It can be a little tricky. So
    0:07:35 there’s lots of little tricks and techniques to try to get as much data as possible to get, you know, as close
    0:07:38 of a guesstimate as possible, but it can be tricky.
    0:07:42 Is there anything you can do to protect yourself? That’s interesting. Yeah. It’s an all cash business.
    0:07:47 According to the IRS, it made very little, but according to the broker, hey, we’re making money
    0:07:52 hand over fist. Yeah. And I always tell people too, like, and not all laundromat owners are like
    0:07:58 this. And I think this kind of model of, you know, under-reporting to the government and over-reporting
    0:08:03 to buyers is, you know, I think it’s going by the wayside because it’s just not a good way to do
    0:08:08 business. But in the past, it’s been like that. And I always tell people, Hey, if an owner’s willing
    0:08:12 to lie to the government about how much the laundromat’s making, they’re willing to lie to
    0:08:18 you about it too. So you got to be very diligent if their taxes don’t match up with what they’re saying
    0:08:24 the business is doing. So a few things to protect yourself is one of the things you want to do is do
    0:08:29 coin collections during due diligence. After you make an offer and it’s accepted, you want to go in and
    0:08:37 collect coins with the owners every week for a few weeks, three, four, five, six weeks, and just
    0:08:44 kind of get a feel for how much money is coming in. And while you do that, you also simultaneously take a
    0:08:50 water meter reading. So you can see how much water is being used and you can compare that to previous
    0:08:57 water bills and how much money the owner says it’s making. Is that the biggest expense? Just electric and
    0:09:04 water, electric, water, and gas, gas for the dryers. So yeah, utility bills are high with laundromats.
    0:09:08 But I always tell people I’m willing to pay really high bills if I’m making a lot of money.
    0:09:16 Yeah. Is there a rule of thumb for what a machine should bring in over the course of a week,
    0:09:17 over the course of a month?
    0:09:23 I mean, that really varies based on the size of the machine and the traffic in the store.
    0:09:30 So laundromat performance is measured on turns per day. And that is basically an average of
    0:09:36 how many times each day a machine is used. So I think the industry average is a little over
    0:09:43 three turns per day, which means on average, each machine in the store is used a little over three
    0:09:49 times a day. And so I tell people, if you run your numbers at, you know, somewhere between two and a half
    0:09:56 turns per day or three turns per day, and you’re okay with those returns, then you probably have a
    0:10:01 pretty safe bet. But if you need more than that to get the returns you’re looking for, you might want
    0:10:04 to see either to lower the price or look for a new deal.
    0:10:08 Okay. What does each turn cost the customer?
    0:10:15 Man, that varies really widely. So there’s, there’s a lot of different types of and sizes of washing
    0:10:20 machines. And depending on where you’re at in the country, also vending prices can be significantly
    0:10:26 higher or lower, you know, prices usually range from like two to, you know, some of the really big
    0:10:32 machines are, are 14 bucks a load, but they’re doing 80 pounds of laundry. So basically you just take
    0:10:38 everything you own and throw it in one machine and get it all done at once. Yeah. The laundromat
    0:10:43 industry is really evolving right now to bigger machines, more efficient machines. But with that
    0:10:44 comes expenses.
    0:10:51 With that comes expenses. Those machines typically stay with the building, with the sale of the business.
    0:10:56 Right. Yeah. So generally when you purchase a laundromat, you’re purchasing the assets of the
    0:11:01 business, which is, you know, typically the machines and things like the boiler, the changers,
    0:11:07 the fixtures, you know, the infrastructure, the plumbing, the electrical, that’s typically what
    0:11:11 you’re purchasing. Okay. So you can find a connect with a broker or, you know, Google
    0:11:18 laundromats for sale near you. See if you can find some listings. And then you start this due diligence
    0:11:24 process of looking at the books to the extent that they’re available, doing the in-person coin collection
    0:11:28 with the owners, try and, you know, see for yourself, like what it’s bringing in, comparing the utility
    0:11:31 statements. What came next in your case?
    0:11:36 Oh, so, I mean, we ended up pulling the trigger on that first laundromat and it was rough, man.
    0:11:43 It was a, it was a bad experience. Turned out the broker, we relied solely on the broker because I,
    0:11:50 I just had a hard time finding good information about laundromats online. And so I relied pretty much
    0:11:55 solely on the broker who, you know, sold me on a business that was never going to do,
    0:12:01 it was never going to perform the way he said it was going to perform. And it was a rough area.
    0:12:09 And so, you know, we ended up losing a lot of money for a long time before we were able to
    0:12:13 kind of pull ourselves out of that situation. And it was, it was hard.
    0:12:19 Yeah. Here we are today. And you, despite this not great first experience, you went and bought another,
    0:12:25 maybe lessons learned and you’ve become the advocate. You’re like the laundromatresource.com
    0:12:25 guy.
    0:12:32 Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Well, you know, I figured I paid a lot of money and a lot of emotional
    0:12:38 stress and trauma for these lessons. So I decided to put them to work. And so we did buy another one
    0:12:43 and we got some land with it, which was nice. And then, you know, I just started thinking about it and
    0:12:47 I was like, nobody should have to learn the lessons that I learned the way that I learned
    0:12:53 them. So if I can just help anybody out to get into this business, cause there are some gotchas,
    0:12:58 it is a cash business. There are ways that people can take advantage of you if you’re new.
    0:13:05 And so, you know, I wanted to kind of help get good information out there to really help. Cause I
    0:13:09 really believe in this business and in this business model, and it can really propel you to financial
    0:13:16 freedom very quickly. If you get in it right, if you get in it wrong, it can take a really long time
    0:13:22 to dig yourself out. And so I really want to help people get into it the correct way. So that’s kind
    0:13:25 of why I started laundromat resource and the podcast.
    0:13:30 And do you have a horror story or two from that first purchase? I’m just curious,
    0:13:34 like what mistakes should people be looking for? What mistakes should people avoid?
    0:13:40 So number one, I always say never rely, this seems obvious probably, but it wasn’t to me,
    0:13:46 but never rely on the person whose income depends on you buying anything really, but a laundromat,
    0:13:51 like a broker, he’s not making money unless you buy that laundromat. Don’t rely solely on them.
    0:13:56 Even if they’re a great person, there is a conflict of interest there to a degree. And so I always say,
    0:14:02 Hey, have somebody else who’s experienced in the industry, whose income doesn’t depend on you buying
    0:14:08 the laundromat, who can help you navigate the waters, who can help you look for red flags,
    0:14:12 help you figure out what questions you need to ask, what data you need to collect.
    0:14:19 That was a huge one, huge lesson that I learned that I think is probably important in any business,
    0:14:21 but especially in, in laundromat business.
    0:14:27 Are you typically assuming the lease on the building or is the building part of it? I mean,
    0:14:31 most of them I’m thinking of like kind of in a strip mall. So I assume that’s a lease situation.
    0:14:37 Obviously you can go either way with that. I do lease one and I own the property with one,
    0:14:44 but you’re typically either assuming the lease or you are negotiating a new lease during the transfer
    0:14:50 process. And you know, the lease is critical. And that’s another kind of big mistake to avoid is if
    0:14:59 you get a bad lease, either too short, too expensive or bad terms, it’s really difficult to move a laundromat.
    0:15:05 So if your lease runs out and the landlord decides they don’t want to re-up you or they want to really
    0:15:10 jack up the rents, you’re in a lot of trouble because it’s very difficult to move a laundromat.
    0:15:17 So you want a good, solid, long-term lease. And so if the current owner doesn’t have that many years
    0:15:20 left, you know, you probably want to negotiate a new lease.
    0:15:25 So I found one, I’m on bizbuysel.com. I found this wasn’t super close to me,
    0:15:33 but this is kind of out in the Central Valley in series. Asking price, 189,000. EBITDA, what’s that?
    0:15:37 Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation. I don’t know what it stands for.
    0:15:39 Basically the net operating income, but yeah.
    0:15:46 Net operating income is estimated at 70, call it 77,000. So it’s trading at a little under two and a
    0:15:53 half times that, at least the asking price. It says the lease is assumable. Doesn’t say when the
    0:15:58 lease expires, oh, new lease to be negotiated by owner of real estate. Okay. So that, that may be
    0:16:03 a potential red flag. It looks pretty nice. So at least like from the pictures, it looks like there’s
    0:16:08 cars in the parking lot. It doesn’t look to be totally abandoned. Like some of the strip malls
    0:16:11 nearby, the flooring could do some work, but like the machines and stuff look like they’re in decent
    0:16:18 shape. Yeah. So on a deal like that, that new lease is really going to determine the actual NOI,
    0:16:24 you know, because most likely if that lease is coming up, that’s a really old lease and the
    0:16:31 lease price is probably significantly lower than market value. So that’s going to eat into that NOI,
    0:16:38 which is probably why it’s valued at around two and a half times the NOI, because the real NOI is
    0:16:43 probably going to be lower after the new lease is put in place. That would be my guess.
    0:16:50 Okay. Is there such thing as laundromat financing or just, you know, a small business loan to try and
    0:16:55 cashflow this rather than waiting the three years to break even if you’re buying it with cash?
    0:17:00 Yeah, absolutely. And I, I mean, I’m a big proponent of using financing to purchase a business
    0:17:09 and allowing the business to pay for itself. And so there’s, you can get SBA loans for laundromats,
    0:17:15 but only under very specific situations. So what I always recommend is talk to a couple of laundromat
    0:17:23 specific lenders and they not only know the business and can let you know what you need to get in place
    0:17:28 to get a laundromat, but their interests are aligned with yours. They want you to succeed. They don’t want
    0:17:33 you to buy a laundromat, you know, that’s not going to make money because they’re less likely to get paid.
    0:17:38 So they’re on your side. So you get to leverage their experience, their knowledge and their money
    0:17:41 when you work with a laundromat specific lender.
    0:17:43 How do you recommend finding that person?
    0:17:50 Um, I have a couple that I work with that are great. I mean, you can Google laundromat financing
    0:17:56 and find laundromat lenders out there. There’s a couple of really big companies,
    0:18:03 Eastern funding and Alliance funding are both some of the big ones out there, but there’s others too.
    0:18:09 If you buy this thing with financing and it pencils out the way you expected it to,
    0:18:16 is there a projected cash flow that you’re shooting for on a monthly basis?
    0:18:22 Um, yeah, I mean, it really depends on your situation. If you’re using a lot of leverage,
    0:18:28 obviously your cashflow is going to be less, but your cash on cash return might be pretty high.
    0:18:36 So, you know, for example, on this deal, you know, call it a $200,000 laundromat. If you put say
    0:18:44 $30,000 in and you finance the rest, you could pretty easily, if the NOI was really 75 grand and after
    0:18:51 your loan, you know, you could net 25 or $30,000, which is a hundred percent, you know, ROI,
    0:18:53 uh, cash on cash. Okay.
    0:18:59 Yeah. So it really depends on your situation because there are laundromats that are sell for well over a
    0:19:05 million bucks. And obviously your cashflow is going to be a lot higher for that laundromat than one that
    0:19:06 you buy for 50 grand.
    0:19:13 Okay. Yeah. It makes me want to stop by some of these ones in town and see if they would be
    0:19:17 interested in selling. I don’t know. Does that conversation come up or if people have kind of
    0:19:24 the systems in place? And I will say on this listing in series, it says that the existing owner reason for
    0:19:29 selling retiring. And so, I mean, is that the reason people would get out of it? Like, Hey, this is going
    0:19:34 to be my, it’s going to be my retirement nest egg rather than building up a portfolio of rental
    0:19:39 properties. I’m just going to build an equity in, in this business and then cash out on retirement.
    0:19:44 Yeah. I mean, retirement is one of the big reasons people get out, which I think is probably a good
    0:19:50 sign for the industry, you know, cause once people are in, if you’re spending five, maybe 10 hours,
    0:19:54 I mean, at that point you’re probably not spending 10, but you know, five or 10 hours a week,
    0:19:59 you know, and you’re cash flowing enough to sustain you. That’s pretty tough to give up.
    0:20:05 So retirement is one of the big reasons. There are other reasons also, but I always encourage people,
    0:20:10 if you’re interested in buying a laundromat, start stopping in to laundromats and talking to owners
    0:20:16 and asking them if they’re willing to sell. I’ve definitely had deals come across my desk that way,
    0:20:22 just from stopping in and talking to laundromat owners, also direct mail campaign, similar to real
    0:20:27 estate. You can find laundromats for sale that way too. There’s a host of reasons people might want
    0:20:31 to get out. And so if you catch them at the right time, you could find yourself a good deal.
    0:20:35 Okay. Right. Same thing with houses, right? Like once you go on the MLS, it becomes a little more
    0:20:41 efficient, but if you can find somebody pre brokerage, maybe there’s a deal to strike there.
    0:20:48 It’s interesting because it seems like, it seems like to be a very fragmented industry. And by that,
    0:20:54 I mean, there’s no dominant, like regional or national player, there’s no like 1-800-got-junk
    0:21:00 for the laundromat industry. It’s like, they all seem to be, you know, maybe mom and pop style
    0:21:03 businesses. I don’t know. Do you find that to be true?
    0:21:08 Yeah, I think that that’s true. And it’ll be interesting to see if that remains to be true.
    0:21:14 I think one of the big barriers to like a big brand or even like a franchise model has been,
    0:21:20 you know, just the logistics of running that many laundromats, you know, so many laundromats have
    0:21:27 been coin operated and just the logistics of going to different locations and collecting coins every
    0:21:33 week. And it’s just made it very difficult. But, you know, now there’s a lot of technology where there’s
    0:21:39 card payment systems where, you know, you’re not really even dealing with coins at all and in some
    0:21:45 of the newer laundromats. And so it’s much easier to manage. I had a guy on my podcast, he lives in
    0:21:50 Italy and he owns a laundromat in Florida. And, you know, so you can kind of manage them from anywhere
    0:21:57 in the world if you set them up right now. Yeah. But it is a mom and pop industry by and large now,
    0:22:03 and that makes it an inefficient market, which means you can find good deals in the market right
    0:22:08 now. So if you catch somebody at the right time in the right situation, you can get a good buy.
    0:22:13 I’ll be right back with Jordan, including more on this remote management possibility,
    0:22:19 some tax advantages to know about in the actions Jordan took to turn around his first laundromat
    0:22:25 right after this. With our partner Mint Mobile, you can get the coverage and speed you’re used to
    0:22:29 just for way less money. And for a limited time, Mint Mobile is offering side hustle show listeners
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    0:24:38 I am interested in this remote management aspect. Talk to me about the day-to-day
    0:24:44 responsibilities. You know, how much time are you spending on site at these places? A room full of
    0:24:49 vending machines in a way, like, do you need somebody to be there or is it just, it would be weird to
    0:24:54 unlock the doors and then just have a free-for-all? Yeah. Well, there’s a couple of different business
    0:25:01 models and one is the doors unlock on their own in the morning and it’s kind of a free-for-all.
    0:25:08 It’s called an unintended laundromat and basically you put a automatic door locks on and they open and
    0:25:16 close on their own and you do typically need somebody to come in at least once a day to, you know,
    0:25:22 clean up, you know, laundromats tend to get pretty messy pretty fast. A lot of people are coming in and
    0:25:28 out. So you either have somebody come in for a couple hours to just wipe down the machines and
    0:25:35 sweep and mop and clean out the lint traps, take out the trash. Or the other model is an attended
    0:25:40 model where you have somebody there all day who’s keeping things clean all day and who’s helping
    0:25:47 customers. And maybe they have some other responsibilities also like manning a store or if
    0:25:52 there’s a service component of the business, like a drop-off laundry service or pickup and delivery
    0:25:54 service. Maybe they’re doing something with that too.
    0:25:58 Okay. So yeah, if you’re hiring for that role, that obviously eats into your cashflow. And so you have
    0:26:04 to find out as you’re buying, is that already baked in? Like, is that manager going to stay? Like trying
    0:26:09 to figure out, well, if the owner was doing that all themselves and the net was 75 grand, like that,
    0:26:12 that becomes a different equation if you weren’t planning on buying yourself a job.
    0:26:19 Right. And I always tell people in that situation, I would just add in the expenses for an employee and
    0:26:24 base the value off of that number, not the number that they gave you where they were doing all the
    0:26:25 work.
    0:26:31 Gotcha. Yeah. It was in Japan, which probably isn’t surprising where it was the unattended model.
    0:26:37 Yeah. It was just walk in, here’s a bank of machines and you just do it all yourself. You don’t talk to
    0:26:43 anybody. And it’s just very much, uh, very technological. It felt, okay. So there’s some
    0:26:47 management, especially in the coins, like you got to deal with collecting the coins, taking them to the
    0:26:51 bank, making sure you have change. Sorry. I want to go back to the financing thing. Like anything else
    0:26:57 you’ve seen work on the creative financing side, uh, to fund this purchase.
    0:27:03 Yeah. I mean, one of the huge benefits of laundromats, I think, and I myself, I have laundromats,
    0:27:09 but I also have real estate. I love real estate investing, but you know, the average cashflow for
    0:27:16 laundromat is greater than real estate, but also the coveted seller financing deal that everybody seems to be
    0:27:22 looking for in real estate is pretty common actually in laundromats. And the reason for that is because
    0:27:29 they can be a little more difficult to fund, especially if the owner hasn’t kept great records
    0:27:37 and, you know, has mismatching profit and loss sheets and taxes, um, or just can’t demonstrate
    0:27:45 the income. Then they typically have to fund at least some of the purchase price. So seller financing
    0:27:51 is a big financing source in laundromats. And also speaking of real estate, a lot of times
    0:27:56 real estate investors ears perk up when I tell them I have laundromats and kind of talk to them about,
    0:28:03 Hey, you know, a 20% return laundromat is a base hit. You know, if you want a home run, you can
    0:28:10 anything over 50% is a home run in my book and their ears perk up. And so finding money partners,
    0:28:16 if you can bring the knowledge and the time investment, finding the financial investment
    0:28:21 is easier, I think, than even finding one for real estate purchases.
    0:28:27 And what’s kind of cool is that you have the ability to evaluate the current state of the
    0:28:34 business. And maybe it is this guy who’s nearing retirement and they haven’t optimized it to the
    0:28:41 full extent that they could. So I think you have this physical space where people are hanging out for
    0:28:46 an hour, two hours doing their laundry. Like there’s other things you can put in there. Like I’ve seen some
    0:28:50 with, you know, they had the ATMs and they got vending machines and there’s all sorts of stuff.
    0:28:54 Can you speak a little bit to anything that you’ve done or you’ve seen other people do to
    0:28:58 increase the cashflow from an existing business?
    0:29:03 This is what really drove me to reach out to you and say, Hey, you’ve got to talk about this on your
    0:29:09 podcast because not only is a laundromat a great side hustle, but it’s kind of the ultimate side
    0:29:11 hustle because it has side hustles within the side hustle.
    0:29:19 Yeah, exactly. Side hustle inception. That’s I like that because there are a ton of different
    0:29:25 revenue sources you can integrate within your laundromat. And obviously, you know, your washers
    0:29:30 and dryers are going to be your main source of income. But like you mentioned, ATM machines,
    0:29:39 video games, gumball machines, toy machines, claw machines, massage chairs, water stations,
    0:29:44 adding services like a wash dry fold service or a pickup and delivery service.
    0:29:51 There’s just a host of things. In fact, on my website, I have like a bunch of a list of a
    0:29:55 bunch of different value add opportunities for a laundromat.
    0:30:00 Yeah. The cool thing here is like, yeah, if you can add 500 bucks, a thousand dollars a month
    0:30:06 in cashflow, you just added, I don’t even know, 40 grand in equity to the business.
    0:30:12 Yeah. So every dollar of net income you add to your business is going to add three and a
    0:30:18 half to five dollars of equity. And that’s how wealth is built, right? You got to have good cash
    0:30:22 flow. You got to build up your equity and you got to maximize your tax advantages. If you can do those
    0:30:28 three things, I call that the wealth tripod. If you can do those three things, then you can build wealth
    0:30:30 very quickly that way.
    0:30:33 All right. Well, talk to me about the tax front. That’s something we haven’t touched on yet.
    0:30:39 Yeah. And you know, obvious caveat, I’m not a, you know, a tax advisor or a CPA or anything, but
    0:30:46 you get typical business perks for having a laundromat. So you can pay your expenses before
    0:30:52 you claim it as income when you own a business. Instead of when we have a job, we get paid and
    0:30:58 then we pay our taxes and then we pay our expenses. And when you have a business, you get paid, you pay
    0:31:04 your expenses and then you pay your taxes on what’s left over. So that’s a huge perk in and of itself.
    0:31:11 But also you have all this equipment and this equipment can be depreciated. You know, the rules
    0:31:18 vary depending on what’s going on with tax laws at the moment, but depreciating the equipment basically
    0:31:26 means the equipment loses value in the IRS’s eyes and you get to deduct that off of your income.
    0:31:30 So it’s as if you didn’t get that income, but you still get to keep that income.
    0:31:37 Okay. With the idea being that eventually it’s going to have to be replaced. Well, then you can
    0:31:39 write that off as a capital expense.
    0:31:43 Right. Yeah. So there’s, I mean, it’s similar to real estate. Real estate works
    0:31:49 in a similar way, but having a business that’s based off of physical asset like that
    0:31:53 allows you to take advantage of that tax perk.
    0:31:58 Okay. So if you, if you buy a machine for, I have no idea what these things cost $3,000,
    0:32:03 let’s say. So, so you can either write that off all at once in the year of purchase, if you have
    0:32:09 the income to do that, yes. Or you can take this depreciation over time. Is that,
    0:32:10 am I understanding that right?
    0:32:12 Right. Yeah, exactly.
    0:32:15 Okay. Is there an advantage to doing one or the other?
    0:32:20 There are advantages. And I think it depends on your financial situation. Some years, like if you
    0:32:26 know, for example, down the line, you’re going to have a big windfall and, you know, this year,
    0:32:30 for example, you know, your income is going to be a modest income, but next year you’re going to get a
    0:32:36 lot more money. You may want to try to defer some of those write-offs to when you’re going to have
    0:32:43 more income so you can depreciate it against that income. So I mean, I would recommend talking to a
    0:32:49 CPA because it can get real complicated real fast, but you know, the general idea is there are tax
    0:32:51 benefits also to owning laundromats.
    0:32:58 Okay. So you’ve got the equipment depreciation. If you’ve got a lease, you’re not paying any mortgage
    0:33:03 interest, but you are able to deduct your lease payment. Any other interesting deductions here?
    0:33:08 I think those are the big ones. If you buy it with the real estate, for example, my second one that
    0:33:14 I bought with the real estate, you get to take depreciation on that real estate also. And commercial
    0:33:21 real estate has some really great accelerated deductions that you can take to, again, talk to
    0:33:30 your CPA about it, but that’s another perk. And right now there’s actually an awesome SBA 504 loan that’s
    0:33:38 allowing you to purchase real estate. I think it’s with 10% down right now. And so when you’re picking
    0:33:42 up a business like a laundromat, and if you can get the real estate also, you can get that real estate with
    0:33:49 very little money down. And so using your business to acquire the real estate and to pay down the real
    0:33:52 estate, again, is a huge way to accelerate your wealth building.
    0:33:57 Jordan, tell me about, you know, some of the actions that you took to turn around this first
    0:34:02 purchase that you didn’t want. You don’t want other people to be in the same boat. Like what did it take
    0:34:06 to take this from like, I think we’ve made a horrible mistake to like, okay, this is tolerable.
    0:34:11 Yeah. I mean, I think that’s a great question. It took me a really long time to kind of figure it
    0:34:19 out. But one of the things I realized eventually is I’m in a situation where obviously I didn’t expect to
    0:34:23 be in that situation. I expected to be in a situation where I was making money and I was
    0:34:29 actually losing money. And that felt like a punch in the gut. And kind of my options at that point
    0:34:37 were either to just sell it and get out, cut my losses and get out, or to double down and put
    0:34:43 more effort into it. Even though I was getting into it, hoping for it to be more passive. It
    0:34:49 actually, I ended up having to ramp up my involvement in it. And so some of the things
    0:34:55 that I did was one, I put in new equipment and that’s a big deal. You know, when people come to
    0:35:00 your laundromat and it’s like playing the slot machines, when you put your quarters in, is the
    0:35:06 machine going to work or is it not going to work? You lose customers really fast that way. And having new
    0:35:14 machines not only helps you retain those customers, it attracts new customers, utility bills go down.
    0:35:19 So your expenses go down because they’re more efficient machines. You can charge higher vend
    0:35:27 prices because they’re new machines and customers will pay a premium for that. And so that was one
    0:35:33 big thing. Another thing was, I think I had a little bit of the field of dreams mentality. If you build it,
    0:35:39 they will come and put in new machines and everything and kind of expected people to just walk through the
    0:35:46 door. And some did, but not enough. And so I ended up having to figure out creative ways to get people
    0:35:53 in the door. So whether that was through, you know, digital advertising on Google and on Facebook,
    0:36:00 putting up banners and stickers in the windows, running promotions, and also just getting to know
    0:36:05 customers and getting to know the community a little bit, which actually is the best part of owning a
    0:36:06 laundromat, by the way.
    0:36:09 What else works on the marketing front? This is interesting to say, okay,
    0:36:16 you’re clearly getting your laundry done somewhere else today. I want to conquest that market share and
    0:36:18 have you come over to see me instead.
    0:36:24 That’s one of the big tricks. If you’re buying a laundromat, hoping to, you know, fix it up and
    0:36:29 improve businesses, you’re really in the business of changing people’s habits, right? Because people
    0:36:35 have a habit of doing their laundry some other way, whether it’s in their apartment complex at a
    0:36:41 different laundromat, uh, at their home, wherever they’re doing it, they have a habit of doing it
    0:36:50 somewhere else. And I really have kind of developed a marketing strategy that’s working really well for
    0:36:57 my consulting clients right now. And the premise of it is that it takes three visits for a customer to
    0:37:02 come to your laundromat. And after they’ve come three times, they’re basically statistically speaking,
    0:37:09 they’re basically your customer at that point. So I tell people when you open a new laundromat or you
    0:37:14 retool your store, put a new equipment and stuff, you know, step one is do something dramatic to get
    0:37:21 people in the door the first time. And so whether that’s, Hey, give free washes. There’s a guy here
    0:37:27 in Southern California, when he opens a new store, he does free washes for a month, which costs them a
    0:37:33 lot of money. But as you can imagine, a lot of people are coming to his laundromat that month. Um,
    0:37:38 and he can easily rack up three visits in a month. And now those are his customers. He’s built a lot of
    0:37:44 goodwill, but do something dramatic. Step one to get customers in. So that’s free washes. Um,
    0:37:51 another popular strategy is like, if you have a card store, a card system, payment system, you can do
    0:37:56 like double your money. So put 20 bucks on, we’ll add 20 bucks ourselves, whatever you do, do something
    0:38:04 dramatic to get people in. Step two is once they come in that first time, your only goal is to get them
    0:38:09 to come back the second time. And so whatever promotion or marketing thing you do to get them
    0:38:15 back the second time, do that. And then your goal, the second time is to get them to come back the third
    0:38:21 time. And after you’ve done that, then they’ve become your customer and you just have to keep your value
    0:38:27 proposition high. At that point, keep your store clean, keep the machines working and keep smiles on
    0:38:33 your, on your staff’s face. And you got lifelong customers. Yeah. I really liked that element of this,
    0:38:37 where, yeah, people, it’s like lawn mowing. Well, the grass is going to keep growing. You know,
    0:38:41 you’re going to keep needing the service over and over again. The clothes are going to keep getting
    0:38:46 dirty. So I do like that aspect of it. I like that it’s self-service. Like we joke about this every time
    0:38:51 we go up to Brentwood for the you pick cherries. It’s like, we’re paying for the cherries and we’re
    0:38:55 doing the labor. Like this is a genius business model. And you say, you know, smiles on your staff’s
    0:39:02 faces. Like, is it typically just, you know, that operator, cleaner, assistant, helper person who is
    0:39:07 there during the day, like during the hours, or was there multiple people that kind of on staff at any
    0:39:12 given time? Yeah. Well, I would say for probably for most laundromats, there’s usually one person
    0:39:19 there at a time, if anybody, but some of the bigger stores have multiple employees working there. And
    0:39:26 especially if they have a big drop-off laundry service or pickup and delivery, you know, I have
    0:39:30 friends who have 40 plus employees with their laundromats and their services.
    0:39:36 Well, Jordan, what’s next for you? Are you on the hunt for more of these you want to add to your
    0:39:42 empire or what’s, what’s the future hold? Yeah, I have kind of two fronts I’m working on here.
    0:39:49 In terms of laundromats, I am on the hunt. In fact, I just brought together, you know, one of the cool
    0:39:54 things about having a podcast and maybe you’ve experienced this too, is you meet some people who are just
    0:40:01 incredible at particularly people who are incredible at things that I’m not incredible at. And so I’ve
    0:40:07 put together a little team and we’re actually putting together an investment group to go out and buy
    0:40:12 laundromats and real estate. You know, we just believe in this business so much and we know it,
    0:40:18 we’ve done the hard work and we’ve learned the expensive lessons and we’re going out and we all
    0:40:25 have some of our own, but we’re all going to go get some more. So buy in more and larger laundromats and
    0:40:32 some commercial real estate on that front. And then on the laundromat resource front, you know, just
    0:40:40 providing more and more opportunities, not just for people to learn about the industry and to be able to
    0:40:47 get into it the right way, but also, you know, more and more opportunities for people who know this business to be
    0:40:54 able to share what they know and share their wealth of knowledge. And so trying to be a platform where people can do
    0:40:54 that.
    0:40:59 Were there other laundromat podcasts when you started or were you trailblazing there?
    0:41:06 There was one other, um, a man named Ken Barrett, who’s a great advocate for the industry and has
    0:41:12 had a, I think it was the laundromat how to podcast. Um, he’s since stopped that one. There’s been a couple
    0:41:19 more that have popped up since I think with just the success of, of my podcast, surprising success,
    0:41:20 honestly.
    0:41:21 Now, why do you say that?
    0:41:27 Well, I mean, it’s a laundromat podcast. Like, I don’t know, like people are interested in it and my,
    0:41:33 my podcast is interesting compared to the other ones that are out there mostly because I do long
    0:41:39 form interviews with owners and I ask them questions about their business and about their
    0:41:44 experience and try to pull out their lessons they’ve learned and their wisdom and get advice from them
    0:41:49 for the listeners. Um, and I think people are just really responding to hearing people’s stories
    0:41:54 and learning from them, but you know, it is a laundromat podcast. So it’s just kind of surprising
    0:41:59 how many people listen to it. That’s awesome, man. Well, there you have it. The laundromat
    0:42:04 resource.com. Check Jordan out at the laundromat resource podcast. Like you said, it’s a laundromat
    0:42:10 podcast. It delivers what it promises. And you’ve got me interested in this business as an investment
    0:42:18 for the passive cashflow for the ROI. Definitely an interesting one as a way to, you know, put either
    0:42:23 some existing assets to work, put some sweat equity to work and, uh, see what else is out
    0:42:28 there for that. So Jordan, thanks again for joining me. Let’s wrap this thing up with your number one
    0:42:34 tip for side hustle nation. This does not have to be laundromat related, um, but can be just whatever
    0:42:41 entrepreneurial wisdom you’d like to impart. Yeah. I think one of the big lessons I learned was when you
    0:42:45 work with the best people and whatever it is that you’re doing, when you work with the best people,
    0:42:50 you end up becoming one of the best people work with the best, become the best. And that’s on,
    0:42:56 you know, both people who are, you know, maybe like for laundromat, for example, brokers or distributors
    0:43:01 helping you buy equipment. When you work with the best, they’re going to help you become the best.
    0:43:07 And also, you know, on the employee front, when you hire the best people, they’re going to help you
    0:43:13 propel your business forward and become the best. So work with the best, become the best.
    0:43:17 I like it. That’s a new one. So thank you for sharing that. Jordan, again, thanks for joining
    0:43:20 us and we’ll catch up with you soon. Appreciate it, Nick.
    0:43:29 Definitely an interesting option to take a look at from an investment perspective,
    0:43:35 a cashflow perspective, a potential way to buy yourself an income stream that replaces your day
    0:43:41 job. But like Jordan said, do your diligence, do your homework, look for inefficiencies, look for
    0:43:47 opportunities to improve operations. And I think the same strategies apply to buying an online business
    0:43:53 as to buying an offline one. One of the most popular episodes of the show is my chat with Stacey Caprio
    0:44:00 on buying up small-ish online businesses eventually enough to replace her salary. But it’s not without
    0:44:04 risk. In fact, I think her first couple purchases didn’t turn out that well, if I’m remembering
    0:44:10 correctly. But I mean, you’re not going to find 20 to 30% ROI’s anywhere without risk. In any case,
    0:44:16 that was episode 323. If you want to go back into the archives and check that one out. Notes and links
    0:44:22 for this episode are at sidehustlenation.com slash laundry. And before we go, would you like more
    0:44:28 money-making ideas? That’s what my weekly newsletter is all about. 75,000 people are already
    0:44:33 getting it and I would love to send it to you as well. You can join for free at sidehustlenation.com
    0:44:39 slash join or through the link in the episode description of your podcast player app. You’ll
    0:44:44 also get access to hundreds of members-only goodies and bonus files that I’ve created over the years,
    0:44:49 including any future ones that I end up building for upcoming episodes. Once again,
    0:44:54 that’s at sidehustlenation.com slash join. We’re about to jump in the time machine to get a real-time
    0:44:59 look at where Jordan’s business is today, what ended up happening with that investment pool and the
    0:45:03 current state of the laundromat industry. But first, let’s take a quick break to thank our sponsors.
    0:45:09 If you’re a startup, small business, or even part of a growing enterprise of looking to level up your
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    0:45:50 to use platform. Ready to get started? Head over to brevo.com slash sidehustle. That’s B-R-E-V-O
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    0:46:09 marketing starts. For such an important channel like phone, the software powering this important
    0:46:14 channel was super outdated and clunky. We wanted to make it delightful and make it very easy for
    0:46:20 businesses to connect with their customers, so do voice and text. That’s Darina Kulia, co-founder of
    0:46:26 our sponsor, OpenPhone. Trusted by more than 60,000 customers, this is the number one business phone
    0:46:30 system that streamlines and scales your customer communications. I like to think of it like a
    0:46:36 centralized hub to receive and respond to calls and texts in your business. And I asked Darina
    0:46:42 about who’s typically signing up for this kind of service. We definitely have a lot of folks who come
    0:46:49 to us and their personal cell phone has become their company phone number, and they’ve hired a team or
    0:46:54 they’re starting to scale their business, and they just find themselves as a business owner, as a founder,
    0:47:01 being the bottleneck. So we see that all the time. And then we also see folks much further along where
    0:47:08 they’re using some legacy complicated tools that are just not really made for how communication happens
    0:47:15 these days. We also just recently launched Sona, which is our voice AI agent that can handle any missed
    0:47:21 calls. If you have clients calling outside of business hours, instead of them going to voicemail,
    0:47:29 it can go into Sona, which is capable to handle any replies and can also take a message. So you are
    0:47:30 capturing that lead information.
    0:47:36 And it’s like, and it’s a robot, like it responds like on the fly with some pre-programmed responses.
    0:47:40 It does such a great job. This way they can handle questions 24-7.
    0:47:46 Now here’s a scenario for you. So let’s say I’ve committed to a certain business phone number,
    0:47:52 I’ve distributed flyers, it’s printed on my business cards, it is on my local business listings,
    0:47:58 on directories throughout the internet. Like what’s the process to now have that ring open phone system
    0:47:59 versus the current system?
    0:48:06 Totally. So we see this all the time. This process is called phone number porting. We port numbers from
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    0:49:32 All right, we just got out of the time machine. It is mid 2025. It is four and a half years since
    0:49:38 we last caught up with Jordan. So give me the rundown. What’s the current state of your laundromat empire
    0:49:39 here?
    0:49:45 Oh, so between partnerships and my own kind of laundromats, I’m at five right now.
    0:49:50 Okay. But more coming down the pipeline for sure. We’ve got a couple more that are probably going
    0:49:56 to close here within the next few months. Yeah. So you ended up starting what you called kind of an
    0:50:01 investor pool, like almost like a syndication. It sounds like where we’re going to go out and try
    0:50:08 and find bigger, better laundromats and, and put an operator in place and try and do it more passively
    0:50:11 than showing up and collecting quarters yourself.
    0:50:19 The biggest hurdle for that was actually finding deals and finding enough capacity, enough deals
    0:50:22 in order to put that money to work.
    0:50:27 Because of the podcast, because of your reputation in the industry, the raising money problem wasn’t,
    0:50:31 wasn’t an issue. It was like the deal flow or the inventory.
    0:50:35 Yeah, the deal flow. And so, you know, we, we tried a whole bunch of different things, including,
    0:50:40 you know, trying to buy larger portfolios. There just aren’t that many of them and they don’t come
    0:50:46 up for sale that often, which is, is a good and a bad thing, right? It’s a bad thing because it’s
    0:50:52 hard to find those portfolio deals to deploy that larger amount of capital all at once. But the good
    0:50:58 news of it is it’s like a witness to how good the business can be and how you can run a larger
    0:51:04 portfolio relatively passively. So ran into a lot of obstacles and ended up shifting gears on that.
    0:51:11 However, since we last talked, a lot more has kind of happened in the industry that is making it more
    0:51:16 possible. So actually that dream is being revived because there’s some new tools and resources available
    0:51:22 now that weren’t available even just four years ago to help us be able to do that. Not only acquire
    0:51:28 those laundromats, but also, or build, but also to manage those laundromats much more effectively.
    0:51:33 It’s become a kind of a buzzworthy thing. Laundromats, storage facilities, car washes,
    0:51:39 people trying to get in the space. Has that made it more difficult to shop for, to find deals,
    0:51:44 to there’s, there’s more, there’s more competition. There’s more buyers out there than there,
    0:51:49 than there were. Thanks in part to your content, to the Cody Sanchez of the world. There’s,
    0:51:51 it’s become a, it’s become a thing.
    0:51:56 Oh yeah. Yeah. Yeah. And not just, not just for me or my investment group or anything like that. I
    0:52:02 mean, just like a lot of my consulting clients are just, they’re having problems. Fine. There’s a lot
    0:52:06 more buyer demand than there are sellers right now. Yeah. Again, which is sort of a good thing and a bad
    0:52:11 thing, right? It just, it shows how strong the industry is and how strong the business is. But when
    0:52:17 you’re trying to buy them, it’s tough. Is there a certain multiple where you’re like, this doesn’t make
    0:52:21 sense. Like I’ve been on the other side of it. I know there’s going to be some problems and headaches
    0:52:27 and challenges. And it’s like, at a certain point, I got to go find something, something else to invest
    0:52:33 in. We’ve definitely seen the multiples creep up. I think we talked maybe three to five times the net
    0:52:39 for the multiple in terms of valuation. Now we’re looking at four and a half to five and a half in
    0:52:44 most markets and in the larger markets, you’re starting at five, even for the kind of rundown
    0:52:50 laundromats. And is there a multiple, I mean, it really depends on your goals of what you’re
    0:52:53 trying to do. Yeah. And you couple that with higher interest rates and all of a sudden that
    0:52:59 higher operating costs, utility costs have gone up, labor’s gone up. I mean, everything’s kind of gone
    0:53:04 up. Rents have gone up. Does it still pencil? Like, are you still excited about it as a potential
    0:53:07 side hustle or is it like, ah, I don’t know. It’s maybe that ship has sailed.
    0:53:13 It’s, it’s still pencils. There’s just so much margin in there. And, and even still at a five X
    0:53:18 multiple all cash, you’re still getting a 20% return on your investment. And then obviously
    0:53:23 if you throw leverage on it, that number can go up from there. So yeah, even, even at a higher
    0:53:29 valuation, you’re still doing pretty well and that’s assuming no growth of the business, et cetera. So
    0:53:34 it definitely still pencils. The major hurdle right now is actually persevering long enough
    0:53:38 to actually find that deal. Any strategies that you’re, that you’re working or you’re comfortable
    0:53:42 sharing on the shopping side or deal sourcing side. We talked about some of the
    0:53:48 biz buy sell type of brokerages or types of marketplaces. We talked about knocking on doors,
    0:53:54 driving for dollars. We talked about some direct mail strategies. Anything else you see in work for
    0:53:56 yourself or your coaching clients?
    0:54:01 All those things are still important to do. Looking for those brokers, doing direct mail,
    0:54:05 doing some door knocking. You got to get a little more creative, maybe check in Facebook marketplace,
    0:54:13 Craigslist type stuff. Working with distributors who sell equipment, maybe checking with maintenance
    0:54:19 technicians who service laundromats. And cause they’re the ones who are going to know when the owners are
    0:54:26 frustrated and ready to sell first. Okay. Okay. Right. And then work, work all the different angles. Yeah. Yeah. The main
    0:54:36 strategy here is increased volume, like of as much as you, I mean, I get it. Like we, most of us have like jobs and we
    0:54:44 have lives and we have families and friends and things to do, but as much volume of direct mail, of cold calling, of
    0:54:51 talking to broker, like as much volume as you can do, that’s going to give you a higher success rate or chances
    0:54:54 of success in a timely fashion.
    0:54:59 One big shift. And it looks like, I mean, you’re joining me from Hawaii instead of SoCal where the laundromats
    0:55:03 are. So that seems like a big, a big shift in remote management.
    0:55:09 Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. If you listen to the first one, like the original goal was to get a house on the
    0:55:13 beach in Hawaii or a condo on the beach in Hawaii. And we ended up with a little detour, a little side
    0:55:19 here we are a decade later. And finally, you know, across the street from the beach over here,
    0:55:24 which is pretty sweet. I maybe have even, even talked about how like for decades, this industry
    0:55:30 has not changed, has not developed technologically. We’re behind the times. However, in the last four
    0:55:35 years, we’ve made some pretty big strides. I wouldn’t say that we’re, you know, on the cutting
    0:55:40 edge or anything yet, but made some pretty big strides in terms of technology, payment systems,
    0:55:47 operating software management opportunities to be able to manage remotely. That has been
    0:55:54 a game changer. And I would say probably that in combination of an elevated presence in social
    0:56:01 media has been the main thing that has brought kind of more savvy, more sophisticated entrepreneurs
    0:56:07 and investors. And we’re even starting to see some private equity money trying to creep into the space
    0:56:16 now. I think in large part is because the awareness has been elevated, but right at the time when the
    0:56:22 ability to manage remotely, to be able to manage a larger portfolio, to be able to get the data that
    0:56:28 you need to be able to make good business decisions is now it’s here. Finally, it’s in the palm of our
    0:56:29 hands. So we can utilize that now.
    0:56:37 Yeah. So one driver would be like a cashless payment system. So you can kind of manage or
    0:56:43 you get a sense of performance remotely without having to log in. And we’ve heard about this in
    0:56:47 like vending machines, for example, I have to go by the machine to see what’s out of stock because
    0:56:54 it tells me on the app what’s going to be needed. And imagine you can do similar things here without
    0:57:00 having to be on site all the time. It sounds like maybe the building itself can be mostly unattended.
    0:57:05 You have somebody come in and clean it up, take care of it once a day, check on things, but not
    0:57:08 not on site 24 seven.
    0:57:13 Yeah. Well, and what’s interesting too, is over the last, I’d say four years, maybe this is,
    0:57:18 this is already happening four years ago, but we’ve seen it kind of accelerate is there’s a sort
    0:57:25 of bifurcation in the industry happening where you’ve got a lot more tools to remote manage and
    0:57:31 automate a lot of things, like you said, and you have less of a need for somebody to be there, but also
    0:57:39 you’ve got these full service laundry centers that are developing here where they’re fully staffed all
    0:57:47 times. They’re open long hours. They highly focus on customer service. They offer drop-off service.
    0:57:54 They do pick up and delivery out of their locations and they, they become sort of a one-stop
    0:58:00 shop for all things laundry, dry cleaning, all that stuff. Right. And we’re seeing a lot more of
    0:58:06 those. It’s leading to larger locations. It’s leading to higher revenues, but obviously a lot more
    0:58:13 involved. Yeah. Yeah. At least initially until you can get management in place and get that machine
    0:58:18 running from you, but I’ve got some buddies who are operating some of these big super centers and
    0:58:25 just as passive as, you know, the person running the, the unattended stores.
    0:58:30 Yeah. It’s funny. One of the most, probably the most popular book that’s been recommended on the
    0:58:37 show in the last 12 to 18 months is buy back your time by Dan Martell and I’m working my way through
    0:58:42 it. But common examples, like I really don’t, doing laundry doesn’t really light me up. You know,
    0:58:47 don’t really check that box of where, where’s my zone of genius. And so more and more people
    0:58:53 perhaps are shifting towards outsourcing this chore. And we’ve seen services, there’s a couple
    0:58:58 kind of like Uber for laundry where it’s like, um, Poplin is one. I think there’s another one called
    0:59:03 Hamper or maybe they emerged or something, but it’s like, and, and from the side hustle perspective,
    0:59:06 it’s like, Oh, if you are the person who likes doing laundry, you can get paid to do other people’s
    0:59:12 laundry. Have you seen kind of that shift where more and more, it’s not just the people who don’t
    0:59:18 have a washer and dryer in their house, in their apartment. It’s the people who were like, I just
    0:59:23 want to deal with this anymore. Like you hire, hire this out. Yeah. We S we’ve seen a huge explosion
    0:59:29 of that. Uh, and that, that side of the industry, that service side, the drop-off laundry, where you
    0:59:35 drop it off the location or the pickup and delivery is grown by leaps and bounds. Uh, and I, I genuinely
    0:59:41 think that laundry is going to become the next yard work. Like where, where I live, people aren’t really
    0:59:49 mowing their lawns. Uh, and I think as, as people learn that I can just drop my dirty laundry on my
    0:59:54 front porch and somebody will come grab it. And the laundry fairy brings it back clean and folded,
    0:59:59 uh, for me that I just think more and more people are going to opt for that. Speaking of buy back your
    1:00:05 time, right? Like who wants to be doing laundry half the day on Saturday? Uh, nobody, right? Well,
    1:00:10 it’s not, there are some weirdos that love laundry. Uh, I’ll just say that, uh, love doing laundry.
    1:00:15 I don’t know. I’m in charge of the laundry in our house and it’s like, it’s not, it’s not something I
    1:00:19 dread doing. I mean, the machine does most of the work and then you’re going to forget it. It’s an
    1:00:24 excuse to, you know, listen to a podcast or watch some Netflix or something, but it’s not the end of
    1:00:29 the world. But I could see if from, from the side hustle perspective, like, yeah, the acquisition
    1:00:35 side has become more competitive here, but also the upside and the, and the pie has maybe gotten a
    1:00:40 little bit bigger as well on the, on the demand of who’s using this type of service. Yeah. And we’re
    1:00:46 actually seeing a lot more people come in solely on the service side, or at least initially on the
    1:00:51 service side, right? So a lot of people are starting pickup and delivery businesses in their
    1:00:57 communities before owning or without owning a laundromat, right? And they’ll just process the
    1:01:02 laundry at a laundromat or they’ll build some, something out in their garage or in a shed out
    1:01:09 back or lots of different ways people are doing it. But I’m seeing a lot more people, uh, doing that
    1:01:14 and doing it as a side hustle kind of before and after work. The beauty of the service side of the
    1:01:20 business is really the sky’s the limit on, on what you can do on a physical location. You’re
    1:01:25 limited by your capacity of how much business you can do, but on the pickup and delivery side,
    1:01:29 Scott, I mean, you can process overnight, you can go to multiple locations, you can go to other
    1:01:33 people’s locations and process it. There’s lots of options there. Yeah. Yeah. That’s an, I mean,
    1:01:38 that’s what these kind of startup peer-to-peer laundry type of services are essentially doing.
    1:01:44 If we can build a distributed army of contractors, laundry contractors, and we can go out and serve
    1:01:51 tons and tons of clients. Yeah. Anything else, uh, trend wise or in the personal portfolio that
    1:01:57 is interesting of note, uh, over the last few years? I’m seeing a consolidation right now starting
    1:02:04 to happen. There’s fewer owners owning larger portfolios. This has been traditionally a mom
    1:02:09 and pop industry, right? Like it’s not rocket science. It’s just laundry. And yeah, that’s something
    1:02:14 we talked about. It was super, super fragmented. Yeah. And it still is. I mean, it’s still by and
    1:02:20 large is, however, there are more people getting more aggressive about building or buying laundromats
    1:02:24 and building private equity rollups. They’re coming, coming for you. They’re coming. And I think with
    1:02:32 that comes multiples that start to go up, uh, even more. Um, it wouldn’t surprise me if down the line,
    1:02:37 we start seeing 10 X multipliers in the business. Yeah. All right. Well, now, now’s the time to get
    1:02:43 in. If you find one for sale in your hometown, you can find Jordan again at laundromat resource.com
    1:02:50 hosting the laundromat resource podcast. Any other advice before we wrap? If you can persevere enough
    1:02:57 and actually find those deals, the rewards are still there for you. And, uh, in some ways that barrier is,
    1:03:04 is a, is a good thing. Uh, cause it does weed out a lot of competition. Um, so persevere there and then
    1:03:08 don’t go it alone. Uh, you know, lots of free resources out there. Lots of people out there
    1:03:13 help you like with any side hustle or any investment that you’re doing. Um, just save yourself the
    1:03:20 headache and, and, uh, borrow somebody else’s 10,000 hours. Uh, absolutely start off on the right foot.
    1:03:24 Very good. Jordan, thanks so much for sharing your insight. Thanks to our sponsors for helping
    1:03:29 make this content free for everyone. As always, you can hit upside hustle nation.com slash deals for
    1:03:34 all the latest offers from our sponsors in one place. That is it for me. Thank you so much for
    1:03:38 tuning in until next time. Let’s go out there and make something happen. And I’ll catch you in
    1:03:41 the next edition of the side hustle show hustle on.

    Are laundromats “the ultimate side hustle,” like my guest Jordan Berry described?

    These simple, local, cash-flowing businesses have been around forever, but surprisingly this is the first time discussing them in detail on the show.

    Jordan is a former pastor turned laundromat mogul. Along the way, he’s become an advocate for the industry through his website and podcast at LaundromatResource.com.

    Jordan got the idea to buy a laundromat after his wife told him about a family friend quitting his day job in tech after buying one.

    It wasn’t just the income potential that intrigued Jordan. He wanted a business that would generate passive income — and yield better returns than real estate.

    Jordan has been able to achieve both of those things through buying laundromats.

    Tune in to hear:

    • why a laundromat makes a great side hustle and investment vehicle
    • some of the expensive mistakes to avoid
    • where to look for financing and some creative marketing and monetization ideas

    Full Show Notes: 10 Reasons to Buy a Laundromat Business as Your Next Side Hustle

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