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  • 622. Why Does Everyone Hate Rats?

    AI transcript
    0:00:05 Hey there, Steven Dubner.
    0:00:09 This year will mark a pair of anniversaries for us.
    0:00:14 And even though I ignore most anniversaries, these two have got their hooks in me.
    0:00:19 It has been 20 years since Steve Leavitt and I published Freakonomics, and it’s been 15
    0:00:22 years since I started Freakonomics Radio.
    0:00:26 So we are thinking about making some kind of anniversary episode, and I want to know
    0:00:29 if you have anything to share.
    0:00:35 Maybe it’s a story about how you were influenced or inspired by something from Freakonomics.
    0:00:39 Maybe it’s some kind of memory or coincidence that you’d like to tell us about.
    0:00:44 Whatever it is, send us an email or a voice memo, whichever you prefer.
    0:00:48 Our address is radio@freakonomics.com.
    0:00:58 Thanks in advance for that, and as always, thanks for listening.
    0:01:04 In the fall of 2022, a new job listing was posted on a New York City government website.
    0:01:09 The ideal candidate, the listing read, is highly motivated and somewhat bloodthirsty,
    0:01:14 determined to look at all solutions from various angles, including data collection, technology
    0:01:17 innovation, and wholesale slaughter.
    0:01:22 And what kind of government job requires wholesale slaughter?
    0:01:25 Here is the man responsible for this listing.
    0:01:32 Rats do something to traumatize you, and I hate rats.
    0:01:36 That is Eric Adams, the mayor of New York City.
    0:01:42 If you walk down the block and a rat runs across your foot, you never forget it.
    0:01:46 Every time you walk down that block, you relive that.
    0:01:51 As you may have heard, Adams was indicted last year on five federal criminal charges,
    0:01:53 including bribery and wire fraud.
    0:01:58 Although, in a remarkable departure from legal precedent, the Trump administration justice
    0:02:01 department just ordered those charges dismissed.
    0:02:07 Through it all, the mayor’s anti-rat fervor has been undiminished.
    0:02:11 Fighting crime, fighting inequality, fighting rats.
    0:02:14 Public enemy number one, many of you don’t know are rats.
    0:02:18 If you’re not scared of rats, you are really my hero.
    0:02:25 In that job that was posted on nyc.gov, that was Eric Adams searching for his hero, who
    0:02:28 turned out to be this person.
    0:02:30 I was certainly taken aback.
    0:02:33 I mean, the job posting itself got a lot of fanfare.
    0:02:35 I just want to read it to verbatim.
    0:02:41 The job posting called for someone with a, quote, swashbuckling attitude, crafty humor,
    0:02:43 and a general aura of badassery.
    0:02:44 Yeah.
    0:02:45 Is that you?
    0:02:46 Yes.
    0:02:49 Those are not words I’d necessarily include in my 150 characters.
    0:02:50 But come on.
    0:02:54 It sounds like you fit pretty well.
    0:02:55 Yeah.
    0:02:59 Thank you.
    0:03:02 And that swashbuckling badass is?
    0:03:03 Kathy Karate.
    0:03:08 I’m the citywide director of urgent mitigation for the city of New York, also known as The
    0:03:09 Rats Are.
    0:03:11 And how do you like that title?
    0:03:12 The Rats Are?
    0:03:13 Yeah.
    0:03:14 It’s good.
    0:03:17 And because the more people are talking about this topic, the better it is for the work
    0:03:19 we’re doing.
    0:03:24 New York and many other cities have seen a rise in their rat populations, especially
    0:03:25 during COVID.
    0:03:27 And now they are fighting back.
    0:03:31 But is wholesale slaughter really the way to go?
    0:03:38 That is one of the many rat questions that I am eager to answer over the next few episodes.
    0:03:44 The brown rat, also known as ratus norvegicus, is one of the most reviled animals in the
    0:03:45 world.
    0:03:47 We really hate them.
    0:03:54 We hate their success, because their success feels like our failure.
    0:03:58 We will hear the details of New York’s rat mitigation plan.
    0:04:03 There’s a whole 99 page report about how we’re going to do that.
    0:04:06 But we will also hear from rat lovers.
    0:04:10 Eventually, because you’re feeding it, because it’s a little bit lovely, you end up feeling
    0:04:12 some warmth towards it.
    0:04:15 And what you might call rat exonerators.
    0:04:21 Blaming the rat is pretty much, you know, game over in terms of the rat’s global reputation.
    0:04:25 And let’s not forget the rat as cultural icon.
    0:04:28 This is a story about a rat who wants to become a chef.
    0:04:30 Everyone laughs.
    0:04:31 Everyone gets it.
    0:04:32 You’re sold.
    0:04:35 Are you sold?
    0:04:39 I’m going to take that as a yes.
    0:04:55 Our three-part series on rats begins now.
    0:05:00 This is Freakonomics Radio, the podcast that explores the hidden side of everything with
    0:05:11 your host, Stephen Dubner.
    0:05:14 Rat mitigation is complicated.
    0:05:17 It’s looking at the forest and the trees at the same time.
    0:05:21 That again is New York City’s rat czar, Cathy Karate.
    0:05:25 Really when it comes down to rats, what we’re talking about is an animal that lives in such
    0:05:30 close proximity to humans, and that’s why we have such a focus on them.
    0:05:35 I understand that your relationship with rats goes back pretty far when you were a kid growing
    0:05:36 up in New York.
    0:05:39 I understand that you circulated a petition in your neighborhood to get rid of some rats.
    0:05:40 Is that true?
    0:05:42 It is true.
    0:05:46 I grew up in a house that was abutting railroad tracks.
    0:05:50 And what you need to know about rats, you’ll get a quick and dirty here, is they need a
    0:05:52 place to live and they need food to eat.
    0:05:57 So any space that’s not getting ongoing maintenance and can have overgrown brush or weeds, things
    0:06:03 of that nature provides ideal habitat for them to burrow and create their nest.
    0:06:05 And that’s what we had behind my house.
    0:06:12 With the encouragement of my mom and our neighbor, we circulated a petition to get the local
    0:06:16 train company to take care of that harbourage condition and dress the rats.
    0:06:17 Did it work?
    0:06:18 It did.
    0:06:19 Yeah.
    0:06:20 You know, they cleaned the area.
    0:06:23 But the hard thing about rats is one time doesn’t solve.
    0:06:29 That’s why it makes it such a challenging issue.
    0:06:35 Karate wound up getting an undergraduate degree in biology and a master’s in urban sustainability.
    0:06:40 She taught elementary school for a while and then she took a job in New York City’s Department
    0:06:43 of Education in their sustainability office.
    0:06:47 How I got tuned into rat mitigation work was through that role.
    0:06:53 We ran zero waste programming and because garbage and rats go hand in hand, my team
    0:06:58 was tasked with rat mitigation on the waste side for public schools.
    0:07:04 So I was out in about 120 different school buildings talking with facility staff.
    0:07:06 How do we manage our waste better?
    0:07:10 Talking with staff, students and principal about waste sorting behaviors and how we can
    0:07:14 make cleaner waste streams less access to food sources for rats.
    0:07:20 The key to pest management, any pest management first and foremost is sanitation.
    0:07:26 Most people, when they think about sanitation, generally do not think of New York City.
    0:07:28 There are many things to love about this place.
    0:07:34 Many things worth admiring, but let’s be honest, it is not a particularly clean city.
    0:07:41 Trash on the sidewalks is a thing, especially food wrappers and big bags of restaurant trash.
    0:07:48 For a population of rats, all that food waste represents something like paradise.
    0:07:51 How big is New York’s rat population?
    0:07:52 There’s no census.
    0:07:55 So if anyone is telling you a number, don’t believe it.
    0:08:02 I have seen an estimate by Eminem Pest Control that puts the city’s rat population at around
    0:08:03 three million.
    0:08:06 Do you think that’s ballpark or no chance?
    0:08:08 We’re not going to discuss a number.
    0:08:12 It’s kind of futile and then anything you put out there then gets used as this water
    0:08:16 mark of it was three million in 2024.
    0:08:19 Someone else said it was eight million in 2006.
    0:08:20 It’s an unfair assessment.
    0:08:25 Now let me go back to your official title, Director of Rodent Mitigation.
    0:08:29 Does that include squirrels, chipmunks, etc.?
    0:08:33 Squirrels, chipmunks, mice, all other rodents in the city.
    0:08:36 The main focus is on rats.
    0:08:38 There’s more of a community aspect when it comes to rats.
    0:08:41 They’re commensal, meaning they sit at the table with us.
    0:08:43 What is that word used, commensal?
    0:08:44 Yes, commensal.
    0:08:45 What does that mean?
    0:08:49 It literally means like a seat at the table, meaning that they are thriving and existing
    0:08:54 because of the plate we’ve set for them in our urban spaces.
    0:08:59 Certainly the house mouse in a lot of regards is more successful we can say than a rat in
    0:09:06 terms of how it breeds and how it occupies urban spaces and non-urban spaces.
    0:09:13 But rats are known for their ability to exploit and thrive where humans are densest.
    0:09:18 How do you think about rats versus the other rodents that are sometimes a problem?
    0:09:22 Rats look like bigger mice sort of, and then there are squirrels which most people seem
    0:09:25 to think are really cute and people feed squirrels outside.
    0:09:31 I’ve never seen anybody feeding a rat outside, but is a rat just a squirrel with less attractive
    0:09:32 body hair?
    0:09:39 In a way, and I would say people are unintentionally feeding rats all the time across our city.
    0:09:44 Maybe they’re not throwing acorns or peanuts, but almost all of human behaviors in urban
    0:09:46 spaces end up feeding rats.
    0:09:48 How smart are rats?
    0:09:49 They are smart.
    0:09:52 I’ve not seen anything like a comparative IQ test for them.
    0:09:54 I mean, chipmunks always look pretty dumb to me.
    0:09:56 They’re super cute, but they look dumb.
    0:09:57 Maybe I’m wrong.
    0:10:03 I would say, you know, in terms of how we gauge savviness, the rat is right up there.
    0:10:09 There’s more and more research coming out about them and empathy and laughing and altruism.
    0:10:10 Seriously?
    0:10:11 Yeah.
    0:10:17 And what we know is in terms of adaptability to survive, there’s few species greater.
    0:10:21 They will avoid new things in their environment because they’re unsure if they’re harmful
    0:10:22 or helpful.
    0:10:27 There are stories of less dominant rats being sent out to test a new food source and then
    0:10:30 being monitored to see if there’s ill effects.
    0:10:40 So they are survivors and I would say no one except humans exploits an urban space better.
    0:10:44 Rats have been exploiting New York City’s urban space for at least a few hundred years.
    0:10:49 The ancestors of today’s rats are thought to have arrived in the 18th century on ships
    0:10:50 from Europe.
    0:10:55 But in the historical rat timeline, that is still relatively recent.
    0:10:58 Genetically, they date back to the time of dinosaurs.
    0:11:04 Today there are two main species, the black rat, ratus ratus, which likely originated
    0:11:05 in India.
    0:11:10 And then the brown rat that we are familiar with, ratus nervegicus, the Norway rat, even
    0:11:13 though it did not originate in Norway.
    0:11:16 So why is it called that?
    0:11:22 Because everybody who hates rats wants to name them after somebody they don’t like.
    0:11:23 That is Bethany Brookshire.
    0:11:28 So basically, the name stuck because somebody was picking a fight with Norway at the time.
    0:11:33 Brookshire is a science journalist with a PhD in physiology and pharmacology.
    0:11:39 She recently published a book called Pests, How Humans Create Animal Villains.
    0:11:42 So you can see where her allegiance lies.
    0:11:45 Here is some more rat history.
    0:11:52 This book was very black rat dominated until we think the 17th or 18th centuries, when
    0:11:57 we began to see the brown rat, that is native to what we think of as Mongolia.
    0:12:02 Ratus nervegicus ended up getting spread into Europe and then with colonialism, it just
    0:12:07 went everywhere else because rats and boats go together real good.
    0:12:13 Interestingly, people have not liked rats, but they didn’t necessarily consider them
    0:12:19 disgusting until about the 18th or 19th century.
    0:12:23 People didn’t like them because they were a problem of the food supply, right?
    0:12:25 They would get in and they would eat your food.
    0:12:27 And nobody wants that.
    0:12:32 But they weren’t considered to be disgusting in terms of they weren’t considered to carry
    0:12:35 disease for a very long time.
    0:12:39 The association of rats with disease is a relatively recent one.
    0:12:43 How did that association come to be made and how much does it intersect with the plague
    0:12:44 in Europe?
    0:12:48 It intersects with the plague, but not when you think it does.
    0:12:53 So there have been three major pandemics of plague that we know of in recorded history.
    0:12:57 The first was the plague of Justinian, which I believe was in the sixth century.
    0:13:03 The second was the black death, which was famous and began in the 14th century.
    0:13:07 The third global pandemic of bubonic plague is now.
    0:13:15 It began in the 19th century, but it persists even now, actually, people every year in the
    0:13:20 United States, in Mongolia, and in Madagascar in particular, get plague.
    0:13:25 To be clear, the plague persists today in very small numbers, just a few hundred reported
    0:13:29 cases a year, fewer than a dozen in the US.
    0:13:34 But this third wave of bubonic plague has done terrible damage over the past hundred
    0:13:40 years in India, especially during the early 20th century and in Vietnam during its war
    0:13:43 in the 1960s and 70s.
    0:13:48 The plague is caused by a bacterium known as Yersinia pestis.
    0:13:52 You see, it’s right there in the name Yersinia pestis.
    0:13:58 The Yersinia part comes from Alexandra Yersin, the first scientist to describe and culture
    0:13:59 these bacteria.
    0:14:03 The bubonic plague is technically not a disease of humans.
    0:14:10 It is a disease of rats and fleas that happens to spill over into humans from time to time
    0:14:11 with catastrophic effects.
    0:14:15 And how much do we know about how the plague is spread?
    0:14:19 What we do know is that fleas get Yersinia pestis.
    0:14:27 And then the bacteria forms a biofilm inside the esophagus of the rat flea.
    0:14:32 And the biofilm coats the esophagus so that the rat flea can’t swallow.
    0:14:35 It’s just biting and biting and biting and biting, but it can’t swallow anything.
    0:14:37 And it starves to death.
    0:14:41 And you start to feel really bad for the flea until you realize that everything it bites,
    0:14:50 it’s barfing up little bits of bacteria into the bite, spreading plague.
    0:14:53 So that’s how plague is traditionally transmitted.
    0:14:54 Okay.
    0:14:57 And then how is plague spread between humans?
    0:15:00 For that, we will bring in another scientist.
    0:15:07 Between humans, it can be spread partly by ectoparasites or by droplets.
    0:15:12 So coughing, when you’re having a cold, then that’s a way of transmission.
    0:15:17 That is Niels Christian Stenseth, a professor of ecology and evolution at the University
    0:15:18 of Oslo.
    0:15:25 And for the last 25 years or so, I’ve been studying plague, Yersinia pestis, the bacteria
    0:15:27 in that caused the black death.
    0:15:31 The black death tore through Europe in the mid-14th century.
    0:15:35 It is hard to believe just how brutal it was.
    0:15:41 The black death killed half of the European population in a year or two.
    0:15:46 The plague expresses itself in the human being in three different forms.
    0:15:51 The most common one is bubonic, where it’s swellings on the body.
    0:15:58 That may evolve into a pneumomic one that goes into the lung, and both might develop
    0:16:02 into a form that goes into the blood.
    0:16:07 If you’re infected by Yersinia pestis, if you don’t come to a doctor within four or
    0:16:14 five days, you can consider yourself being dead.
    0:16:18 During the Middle Ages, it was neither rats nor fleas who were thought to be responsible
    0:16:20 for the black death.
    0:16:27 Most of the blame was put on witches and Jews, but time and science eventually caught up
    0:16:29 with the rats.
    0:16:33 And if anything is going to give an animal species a bad reputation, it’s killing off
    0:16:35 half of Europe.
    0:16:39 The association between rats and plague remains strong today.
    0:16:44 In the opening credits of the Decameron, a new Netflix show set during the black death,
    0:16:49 a massive swarm of rats come together to spell out the title.
    0:16:54 The recent remake of the film Nosferatu shows a pack of rats following the vampire, carrying
    0:16:56 the plague with them.
    0:17:00 But were rats really responsible for the black death?
    0:17:03 That’s the one that most people think are the right one.
    0:17:04 They are wrong.
    0:17:06 That’s coming up after the break.
    0:17:23 I’m Stephen Dubner, and this is Freakonomics Radio.
    0:17:29 One reason that rats are so despised is because they spread disease, the most famous instance
    0:17:35 being the black death, a pandemic of bubonic plague in the 14th century that killed millions
    0:17:37 upon millions of Europeans.
    0:17:43 But scientists have recently challenged the claim that rats caused the black death.
    0:17:49 Scientists including Niels Christian Stenceff at the University of Oslo, challenging a claim
    0:17:51 like this is not a simple thing.
    0:17:57 I usually say to my students that if you want to have enemies within science, study plague,
    0:18:03 because there are so many strong personalities and there are so many different opinions and
    0:18:05 they hate each other.
    0:18:10 The standard epidemiological model of the black death is that humans were exposed to
    0:18:15 the plague by rats who had been bitten by diseased fleas.
    0:18:20 But in 2018, Stenceff and his colleagues published a paper in the Proceedings of the National
    0:18:24 Academy of Sciences where they presented a different model.
    0:18:29 Despite the historical significance of the disease, they wrote, “The mechanisms underlying
    0:18:34 the spread of plague in Europe are poorly understood, while it is commonly assumed that
    0:18:37 rats and their fleas spread plague.
    0:18:41 There is little historical and archaeological support for such a claim.
    0:18:47 We show that human ectoparasites, like body lice and human fleas, might be more likely
    0:18:52 than rats to have caused the rapidly developing epidemics.”
    0:18:58 And what is Stenceff’s evidence that rats were not responsible for the black death?
    0:19:03 He and his co-authors looked at plague death rates from the 1300s to the 1700s, drawn from
    0:19:10 census records and historical accounts from cities including London, Barcelona, Florence.
    0:19:15 Based on the velocity at which the plague spread in these places, Stenceff concluded,
    0:19:21 the human parasite model was much more likely than the rat parasite model.
    0:19:27 It became very clear that rats could not have played a major role in the spread of plague
    0:19:28 in Europe.
    0:19:36 One of the reasons why the rat-led plagues need to be slow is the rat has to die before
    0:19:38 the flea leaves the rat.
    0:19:41 So the flea stays on the rat as long as the rat’s alive.
    0:19:44 It’s only when the rat dies that the flea then hops to a human host.
    0:19:46 And that is Ed Glazer.
    0:19:49 I’m the Fred and Eleanor Glimp, professor of economics at Harvard University.
    0:19:50 That’s right.
    0:19:57 Glazer is an economist, not an epidemiologist or a biologist or even a rat expert.
    0:20:03 But Glazer is an expert in cities, which is where rats thrive and where disease spreads.
    0:20:09 And when we told him we were working on this rat series, he did some extra credit reading.
    0:20:13 I have now read enough in various academic journals that it seems like we have a consensus.
    0:20:16 This was not by and large rat carried.
    0:20:21 They do seem to have played a critical role in the third bubonic plague explosion, although
    0:20:23 probably not in the first two.
    0:20:29 So having determined that, that there is at least some guilt of the rat in at least the
    0:20:33 third pandemic, but perhaps not the most famous, the Black Death.
    0:20:39 How would you say that the modern day reputation of the rat has been affected by or informed
    0:20:42 by its implication in past disease carrying?
    0:20:48 So blaming the rat is pretty much game over in terms of the rat’s global reputation.
    0:20:51 I think we should also just object to using the word guilt on rats.
    0:20:54 It’s not like they know what’s going on.
    0:20:55 They’re dying too.
    0:20:57 I mean, let’s push the guilt where it belongs.
    0:20:58 Let’s go to Yersinia Pestis itself.
    0:21:00 That’s where the evil lies.
    0:21:06 Glazer is the author of a book called Triumph of the City, how our greatest invention makes
    0:21:10 us richer, smarter, greener, healthier, and happier.
    0:21:15 And the fact is that cities and rats seem to be an inevitable pairing.
    0:21:18 In the ruins of Pompeii, there were rats.
    0:21:24 To estimate the size of human populations in ancient cities, modern scientists use archaeological
    0:21:27 evidence of rat populations.
    0:21:31 When cities are at their best, they do enable people who are outsiders to thrive.
    0:21:34 It’s hard to imagine more of an outsider than a rat.
    0:21:40 To an economist, do rats present an obvious economic angle or maybe even multiple ones?
    0:21:42 Well, sure.
    0:21:47 Rats are, you know, they’re agents of usually negative externalities within cities, right?
    0:21:53 So they’re part of what enables diseases to spread across people and consequently they’re
    0:21:54 somewhat risky.
    0:21:59 I don’t know what positive things we get out of rats, but there probably are some in
    0:22:03 the same sense that, you know, the Four Pests program that Mao followed, he thought getting
    0:22:04 rid of the sparrows was great.
    0:22:07 It turns out the sparrows kept the locusts under control and without the sparrows, the
    0:22:10 locusts went haywire and destroyed the crops, leading to a massive famine.
    0:22:16 Now, there was reportedly a big surge in rat population in New York City starting around
    0:22:17 2020.
    0:22:23 I’m curious to know your thoughts on why obviously COVID is a factor to consider.
    0:22:27 There were in the aftermath of COVID, the eruption of hundreds, maybe thousands of
    0:22:30 outdoor dining sheds outside of restaurants.
    0:22:32 So I’m curious what you think of all that.
    0:22:34 Certainly COVID seems to have played some kind of a role.
    0:22:38 I mean, there were a whole bunch of city services that diminished because people were working
    0:22:41 from home or just weren’t going and so forth.
    0:22:43 So I wouldn’t rule that out completely.
    0:22:47 Maybe changes in the food availability seem likely to be quite important.
    0:22:49 This would feel a lot better with some kind of measurement.
    0:22:53 Now, if I recall correctly, you were born and raised in Manhattan.
    0:22:54 Indeed.
    0:22:58 One could imagine that rats destroy or degrade the reputation of a city like New York.
    0:23:00 Do you put much stock in that argument?
    0:23:04 Oh, that seems a little bit farfetched to think that it’s such an important deal.
    0:23:10 I would say that what rats effectively do is they reduce the density level for people.
    0:23:14 And so they tend not to be density multipliers about the good things about cities, which
    0:23:16 are enabling us to learn from one another.
    0:23:20 I’ve never heard of a rat carrying a message that was effectively interpreted, but they
    0:23:27 do seem to carry the negative stuff that we get from being close to one another.
    0:23:29 There’s an economic impact as well.
    0:23:31 So thinking about damages to property.
    0:23:33 They like to chew wires, don’t they?
    0:23:35 They like to chew everything.
    0:23:38 That is New York City rat czar Cathy Karate.
    0:23:41 That is literally their nature to chew.
    0:23:44 They chew through holes and foundations.
    0:23:48 They can damage different food sources when we’re thinking about storage of food and
    0:23:51 grains and things of that nature.
    0:23:57 There’s a human cost in terms of public health and then mental well-being, the mental effects
    0:24:00 on folks living in and around rats.
    0:24:03 That’s well documented in being studied even more.
    0:24:09 Stress, anxiety, depression, documented peer-reviewed papers saying this is real.
    0:24:11 There’s also a public health risk.
    0:24:15 Leptosporosis is one of the more famous illnesses associated with rats, and that’s due to a
    0:24:18 bacteria that they can transmit through their urine.
    0:24:20 So there’s real public health concerns.
    0:24:23 Although from what I’ve seen, the last number is 2023.
    0:24:29 It looked like in New York City, 24 people were diagnosed with Leptosporosis, the highest
    0:24:31 number of reported cases in a single year.
    0:24:35 This city of over eight million, so that sounds like a pretty minor threat, no?
    0:24:36 I’m with you.
    0:24:41 It’s certainly not the highest public health risk we have across our city or the globe.
    0:24:45 But that’s also people, I understand dogs get Leptosporosis as well, and that maybe
    0:24:47 is a bigger problem for New Yorkers?
    0:24:51 Yes, dogs have a vaccine for Leptosporosis.
    0:24:56 There’s other, I’d say, unrealized potential public health risks when it comes to rats.
    0:25:01 So a paper out of Columbia University studied rats across New York City and looked at the
    0:25:07 different lice ticks, fleas they carried, and also looked at different viruses, pathogens
    0:25:12 that were existing on their bodies, and found a bunch of novel viruses that were living
    0:25:14 on them.
    0:25:18 There’s always this threat when we’re talking about viruses, about their potential to mutate
    0:25:20 and jump hosts.
    0:25:25 Because rats are so close to us in where and how they live, that threat just gets higher
    0:25:27 and higher.
    0:25:32 Coming up after the break, is the threat of disease really what this is about?
    0:25:38 The fact that we’re so quick to blame the rat says a lot about us.
    0:25:39 I’m Stephen Dubner.
    0:25:41 This is Freakonomics Radio, and we will be rat back.
    0:25:42 I’m sorry.
    0:25:45 We will be right back.
    0:26:00 A rat is a rodent, a member of the order Rodentia, which contains over 2,000 species.
    0:26:03 Nearly half of all mammals are rodents.
    0:26:08 They are famous for their gnawing ability, which is carried out by large pairs of upper
    0:26:11 and lower front incisors.
    0:26:18 Squirrels, mice, beavers, hamsters, prairie dogs, porcupines, they are all rodents.
    0:26:24 But it seems fair to say that rats are the most despised member of this order.
    0:26:25 Why?
    0:26:28 For that, let’s go back to Bethany Brookshire.
    0:26:34 I’m the author of the 2022 book Pests, How Humans Create Animal Villains.
    0:26:42 Talk about just the title itself and what kind of work you’re asking that word pests
    0:26:43 to do.
    0:26:45 Oh, man.
    0:26:51 Pests, the word, does so much work in our society just in general.
    0:26:59 It has become a word for animals that are not where we want them to be.
    0:27:04 That was one of the things that I became really fixated on is the fact that the animals that
    0:27:08 we hate are so subjective.
    0:27:09 The animals are just being animals.
    0:27:10 They’re about us.
    0:27:16 They’re about where we think animals belong and what we think those animals should be
    0:27:17 doing.
    0:27:23 Do you think the rat has been unfairly tarnished its reputation over time by having been associated
    0:27:24 with the black depth?
    0:27:27 I don’t know that it’s been unfairly tarnished.
    0:27:29 I certainly think there was probably a place for it.
    0:27:37 I do think the fact that we’re so quick to blame the rat says a lot about us because
    0:27:43 the reality is the thing that causes most diseases in humans, like communicable diseases,
    0:27:46 is other humans, right?
    0:27:49 We are the major vectors of disease to each other.
    0:27:53 If we’ve learned anything from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is that.
    0:27:59 Humans do like to assign blame to other animals, but as Brookshire points out, the blame can
    0:28:02 be assigned somewhat randomly.
    0:28:04 Consider the rabbit.
    0:28:08 The rabbit is not a rodent, although it used to be classified as such.
    0:28:13 Today, it is considered a lagomorph since it has four upper incisors, not two.
    0:28:19 For most people, the rabbit is thought of as, I believe the technical term is cute.
    0:28:20 It’s fluffy.
    0:28:21 It hops.
    0:28:26 It has facial features that kind of look like a human baby.
    0:28:34 If we think of rats as trash eaters, we think of rabbits as carrot nibblers, so cute.
    0:28:38 But not everywhere is the rabbit considered so benign.
    0:28:45 In Australia, where rabbits nibble some $125 million worth a year of agricultural crops,
    0:28:52 there is a new rabbit czar tasked with curbing the Australian bunny population.
    0:28:56 In her book, Bethany Brookshire writes about many other animals who are considered pests
    0:29:02 in some circumstances, even if they don’t deserve to be, like snakes and elephants and
    0:29:08 coyotes and the well-known bird that some people today call rats with wings.
    0:29:14 The pigeon became domesticated around 8,000 years ago, we think, which makes it one of
    0:29:17 the earliest domesticated birds.
    0:29:21 Pigeons were cornerstones of many societies.
    0:29:24 They were incredibly important.
    0:29:26 Not just for food, though, we absolutely ate them.
    0:29:30 If you’ve never had squab, I highly recommend it’s delicious.
    0:29:37 We used them as messengers, and in fact, we decorated pigeons that served in war.
    0:29:41 Pigeons were used to carry messages, and one of my favorite things is that pigeons were
    0:29:43 the foundation of modern journalism.
    0:29:44 Sorry?
    0:29:45 Yeah.
    0:29:47 How so?
    0:29:52 When the wire service Reuters started, it was not on a wire, it was on the wing.
    0:29:59 It was on the pigeon, because Reuters figured out he could fly hot stock tips to and from
    0:30:02 Aachen and beat the train by two hours.
    0:30:07 And of course, we also use them for their poop, because pigeon poop is excellent fertilizer
    0:30:09 and there’s wonderful dove coats.
    0:30:14 You can still see some of them today developed by the ancient Persians that are these beautiful
    0:30:19 bell shapes so that all the poop falls to the bottom, and you can scoop it.
    0:30:20 Okay.
    0:30:24 So that history of pigeons is really interesting, but now pigeons, they’re what?
    0:30:26 Just another pest, essentially?
    0:30:27 Yeah.
    0:30:31 There’s a wonderful piece of work by Colin Gerald Mack, who actually documented the
    0:30:38 fall of the pigeon in the public eye via articles in the New York Times over a century.
    0:30:43 And he was able to document that over about a hundred years, pigeons went from noble,
    0:30:47 innocent, beautiful to rats with wings.
    0:30:52 You know, we no longer needed fertilizer, we have chemical fertilizer, we don’t need
    0:30:59 messengers anymore, we have email, and we don’t need squab anymore, we have chicken.
    0:31:03 How would you say that the history of the human pigeon relationship compares with the
    0:31:07 history of the rat-human relationship?
    0:31:13 I would say the history of the human pigeon relationship differs in that we once had a
    0:31:15 use for the pigeon.
    0:31:21 I think of the pigeon as kind of the outdated cell phone of the animal world, right?
    0:31:26 We used to have such a use for them, and now we don’t, and we can’t fathom why they won’t
    0:31:27 go away.
    0:31:28 It’s so sad.
    0:31:29 Okay.
    0:31:37 And if I were to ask you to summarize the downsides and the upsides of rats generally, how would
    0:31:39 you characterize that?
    0:31:42 Well, there are plenty of downsides associated with rats.
    0:31:43 People don’t like them.
    0:31:47 They find them both physically and psychologically really stressful.
    0:31:51 People who live very closely with rats, it’s awful.
    0:31:54 No one should have to live that way.
    0:31:57 Rats give people feelings of unsettledness, right?
    0:32:01 They are very associated with our feelings of disgust.
    0:32:05 And I’m saying that in terms of Western cultures, in terms of like the global North.
    0:32:09 Other cultures do not associate rats with disgust.
    0:32:13 Give me an example of where rats are not thought of as disgusting.
    0:32:15 So the temple of Karnimata.
    0:32:18 It’s located in Dishnogay, India.
    0:32:24 This temple houses around 25,000 black rats.
    0:32:26 And those rats are considered sacred.
    0:32:27 They are holy.
    0:32:33 I got to speak to some of the people who help run the temple, who cook the food for the rats.
    0:32:34 It’s a beautiful temple.
    0:32:38 It has solid silver doors carved with rats.
    0:32:41 There are beautiful marble floors for the rats.
    0:32:47 The rats drink from beautiful decorated bowls of milk, huge bowls of milk.
    0:32:49 They eat a wonderfully healthy diet.
    0:32:52 They get whole wheat, bread, like whole brand.
    0:33:00 They get fruit, vegetables, and people come to make fire and food offerings to these rats.
    0:33:05 It’s because the rats are not considered to be real rats.
    0:33:08 The rats are reincarnations of people.
    0:33:14 So the legend is that this woman, Karnimata, grew up in that area and she grew up to be
    0:33:16 a sage.
    0:33:19 She had mystical powers.
    0:33:24 And so when her sister’s son passed away, he drowned while playing.
    0:33:29 Her sister brought her the boy and begged her to bring him back.
    0:33:34 And Karnimata interceded with Yama, the god of death.
    0:33:38 And Yama said, “Okay, the people from your family will no longer die.
    0:33:41 They will be reincarnated as rats.
    0:33:46 And then those rats, when they die, will again be reincarnated as people.”
    0:33:50 And so now that temple, the family does still worship there.
    0:33:52 And it has been several hundred years.
    0:33:57 But other people, devotees, worship there as well because they believe that they will
    0:34:03 also be blessed if they are devoted enough to be reincarnated as these rats.
    0:34:09 What would you say are the drivers of the difference between one place or one culture
    0:34:15 and another, one in which the rat is looked at as just disgusting, a menace, dangerous,
    0:34:17 scary, et cetera, and one where it’s not?
    0:34:19 What constitutes that difference, do you think?
    0:34:21 I would say there are a couple of things.
    0:34:25 There is one angle that’s very cultural, right?
    0:34:29 I ended up interviewing for my book A Bunch of People Who Worked in Biblical Scholarship.
    0:34:36 We ended up talking about translations and our understandings of things like Genesis.
    0:34:40 And God gave people dominion over the animals.
    0:34:42 It’s a big line, yeah.
    0:34:49 And that has become very deeply ingrained in many of our cultural ideas of what we should
    0:34:53 be able to control and how we should be able to control it.
    0:35:02 I would say that’s one of the reasons that we hate these animals is because we expect
    0:35:04 animals around us to fail.
    0:35:06 We are prepared for that.
    0:35:08 We move into an area.
    0:35:09 We pave it over.
    0:35:13 We put up a Walmart, a Target, a Starbucks, a McDonald’s, what have you.
    0:35:16 And we expect the animals to leave.
    0:35:19 And then we wring our hands.
    0:35:20 We are so upset.
    0:35:24 We have killed off this beautiful species.
    0:35:26 This species becomes beautiful.
    0:35:27 It becomes charismatic.
    0:35:30 It becomes this wonderful thing.
    0:35:33 And look at the horrible stuff we’ve done to it.
    0:35:38 But when an animal is still there, we’re kind of mad.
    0:35:39 We don’t like it.
    0:35:45 It’s now where we’ve decided it doesn’t belong, even if it always lived there.
    0:35:46 Now it’s our space.
    0:35:48 We don’t belong there anymore.
    0:35:53 And we get really upset, especially if the animals begin to thrive.
    0:35:59 And especially if they thrive off things we value, right?
    0:36:05 Our gardens, our crops, our cats, we really hate them.
    0:36:12 We hate their success because their success feels like our failure.
    0:36:16 To the animals that we call pests, what are humans?
    0:36:22 Are we just pests that text and build parking lots?
    0:36:24 That’s actually something I got a lot when I was writing the book.
    0:36:25 It’s humans.
    0:36:26 Humans are the real pests.
    0:36:30 We’re the ones invading the world and taking it over and making it awful.
    0:36:34 I think that’s too easy because it’s the sort of thing that makes you fling up your
    0:36:36 hands and be like, “Oh, there’s nothing I can do.”
    0:36:40 We have choices in the way that we treat other animals and we have choices in the way we
    0:36:41 treat each other.
    0:36:52 And we don’t need to live the way that we always have.
    0:36:57 So I think it is certainly true that the innate human reaction to rats, I don’t know why,
    0:36:59 is largely revulsion.
    0:37:02 That again is the economist Ed Glazer.
    0:37:06 Certainly when you see them in an urban context surrounded by trash, right?
    0:37:10 So you associate the rats with the filth, with drinking the water and the subway, right?
    0:37:13 It’s hard not to think of that as being sort of awful.
    0:37:18 Since rats are no longer a big disease vector, at least for now in most places, do you think
    0:37:24 our frightened view of them is simply outdated and that for the most part, rats are, yes,
    0:37:28 a negative externality of humans in cities, but a really minor one that we shouldn’t
    0:37:30 worry so much about?
    0:37:31 I think it’s probably pretty small.
    0:37:37 That being said, I would still probably be in favor of policies that keep the rat population
    0:37:38 manageable.
    0:37:41 In the sense that who knows what happens if you let it get incredibly vast, who knows
    0:37:44 what new diseases occur, or what spreads across things.
    0:37:48 So I think some control, but not making a fetish out of complete eradication.
    0:37:52 So Ed, let’s play a quick game of word association.
    0:37:55 When I say rats, you say what?
    0:37:56 Cuddly.
    0:37:59 Come on now, you’re just trying to make me happy now, aren’t you?
    0:38:03 You know, it’s hard not to think that rats have gotten something of a bad rat.
    0:38:06 They certainly are not healthy to have in vast numbers around you.
    0:38:10 But you know, it’s a very urban species and I tend to like that.
    0:38:15 They sort of co-live with humans, they’re in some sense our natural city partner.
    0:38:19 I want to run past you at a couple of titles we’re considering for the series.
    0:38:20 Let me know what you think.
    0:38:23 One is the exoneration of the rat.
    0:38:25 Too much?
    0:38:27 It feels a little strong.
    0:38:30 It feels a little strong because it’s not like this thing does not do anything.
    0:38:32 But something in that neighborhood sounds good.
    0:38:35 Could I interest you in sympathy for the rat?
    0:38:36 Yes.
    0:38:37 I love it.
    0:38:38 I love it.
    0:38:41 And the echo, of course, with the Rolling Stones is great.
    0:38:45 Although the Rolling Stones’ sympathy, this is sympathy for the devil.
    0:38:48 The devil is the narrator of that song.
    0:38:53 You know, I shouted out who killed the Kennedys when after all it was you and me.
    0:38:57 So it’s not the purest sympathy, let’s say.
    0:38:59 Do you still like this angle?
    0:39:00 I do.
    0:39:01 I do.
    0:39:04 I think in general having sympathy for a creature that, you know, coexisted with us
    0:39:08 that suffers many of the same negative sides from cities as we do.
    0:39:12 That enjoys many of the same positive sides of cities that we do, the ability to create
    0:39:16 this ecosystem, I think that’s a very worthy aim.
    0:39:19 And even if we do have to control the rat, not viewing it with so much horror, but rather
    0:39:31 viewing it as being, you know, our urban partner, seems like it makes more sense.
    0:39:37 Coming up next time in part two of “Sympathy for the Rat,” we will talk about how to control
    0:39:39 this urban partner of ours.
    0:39:46 I believe that the single biggest swing that you can take at the rat problem in New York
    0:39:50 City is getting the trash bags off of the streets.
    0:39:54 And we’ll explore the city with a master of the urban rat.
    0:40:00 Rodents are really great examples of work hard and you’ll be successful.
    0:40:04 And we’ll visit a place that claims to be nearly rat-free.
    0:40:08 People are desperate and they want to know what our secret is.
    0:40:09 That’s next time on the show.
    0:40:11 Until then, take care of yourself.
    0:40:14 And if you can, someone else too.
    0:40:17 Freakonomics Radio is produced by Stitcher and Renbud Radio.
    0:40:22 You can find our entire archive on any podcast app, also at Freakonomics.com, where we publish
    0:40:24 transcripts and show notes.
    0:40:29 This episode was produced by Zach Lipinski with help from Dalvin Abouaji.
    0:40:34 Thanks to Freakonomics Radio listener Jason Weeks for suggesting this topic.
    0:40:39 The Freakonomics Radio network staff also includes Alina Kulman, Augusta Chapman, Eleanor
    0:40:44 Osborn, Ellen Frankman, Elsa Hernandez, Gabriel Roth, Greg Rippen, Jasmine Klinger, Jeremy
    0:40:49 Johnston, John Schnarrs, Morgan Levy, Neil Carruth, Sarah Lilly, and Theo Jacobs.
    0:40:52 Our theme song is “Mr. Fortune” by the Hitchhikers.
    0:40:54 Our composer is Luis Guerra.
    0:40:56 As always, thank you for listening.
    0:41:06 Whenever I do calls at home, my dog thinks it’s an opportunity to voice his opinion
    0:41:07 as well.
    0:41:19 The Freakonomics Radio network, the hidden side of everything, Stitcher.
    0:41:22 (bright music)
    0:41:32 [MUSIC]

    New York City’s mayor calls them “public enemy number one.” History books say they caused the Black Death — although recent scientific evidence disputes that claim. So is the rat a scapegoat? And what does our rat hatred say about us? (Part one of a three-part series.)

     

    • SOURCES:
      • Bethany Brookshire, author of Pests: How Humans Create Animal Villains.
      • Kathy Corradi, director of rodent mitigation for New York City.
      • Ed Glaeser, professor of economics at Harvard University.
      • Nils Stenseth, professor of ecology and evolution at the University of Oslo.

     

     

  • YAPClassic: Morgan Housel on Investing, Wealth, and Financial Freedom for Entrepreneurs

    AI transcript
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    0:01:12 As always, you can find all of our incredible deals
    0:01:17 in the show notes or at youngimprofiting.com/deals.
    0:01:19 (gentle music)
    0:01:22 (gentle music)
    0:01:32 – Young Improfitors, money is a mind game.
    0:01:35 Our financial decisions are deeply intertwined
    0:01:39 with our emotions, more so than we often realize.
    0:01:42 That’s why recognizing the psychological aspects
    0:01:44 of our relationships to money
    0:01:48 can help us avoid some significant financial missteps.
    0:01:50 And there’s nobody who’s better at illuminating
    0:01:53 this connection between psychology and finance
    0:01:54 than Morgan Housel.
    0:01:57 Morgan is a former financial columnist
    0:01:59 for The Motley Fool and The Wall Street Journal.
    0:02:02 He’s the author of books like The Psychology of Money.
    0:02:06 And he was my guest earlier this week on the podcast.
    0:02:07 It was the second time on the show
    0:02:10 and he had so many wonderful insights
    0:02:12 that he couldn’t help but give you a second helping
    0:02:14 in this Yap Classic.
    0:02:16 In my first conversation with Morgan Housel,
    0:02:18 he talked about some of the emotional pitfalls
    0:02:22 related to money, the skiing accident that changed his life
    0:02:24 and why the biggest risks are the ones
    0:02:26 that you don’t see coming.
    0:02:29 He also shared some secrets for staying rich
    0:02:32 along with the underappreciated trait of Warren Buffett
    0:02:35 that he thinks we all should emulate.
    0:02:38 If you wanna find out what that is, let’s dive in.
    0:02:40 Here’s my interview with Morgan Housel.
    0:02:45 So I’m gonna cut straight to the chase.
    0:02:47 You are a master of many trades.
    0:02:49 You’re a best-selling author, investor,
    0:02:51 you’re even a podcaster.
    0:02:54 So how do you define what you do today?
    0:02:55 – It’s such a good question.
    0:02:56 I would say I don’t.
    0:02:59 I’ve never tried to put myself in a box
    0:03:01 and I think I’ve moved around over the years.
    0:03:04 I think if you asked me that question 10 years ago,
    0:03:07 I would have said I’m an investor who writes.
    0:03:08 And maybe if you asked me today,
    0:03:10 I would say I’m a writer who invests.
    0:03:13 Like I’ve just switched around what I enjoy doing.
    0:03:15 And it used to be that all of my emphasis
    0:03:18 and research and enjoyment was investing.
    0:03:21 I wanna scour the world and study investing history
    0:03:22 and whatnot, and I still love that.
    0:03:24 I’ll always do that.
    0:03:29 But the art of storytelling really bit me 10 or 15 years ago
    0:03:32 and that’s what I’ve really find joy in doing now.
    0:03:34 And that’s the craft that I wanna hone.
    0:03:35 And I think jumping around like that
    0:03:36 has been really important.
    0:03:41 If you just put yourself in a box and say I am a blank,
    0:03:42 you’re cutting off so much of the world
    0:03:44 that you might find enjoyment in
    0:03:46 and have some talent in doing.
    0:03:48 – Yeah, and when did you first get interested
    0:03:51 in finances as a young man?
    0:03:55 – I think I was 19 when I first stumbled across investing.
    0:03:58 I’ve told the story before, but it’ll always stick with me.
    0:04:02 When I was 18, my grandparents gave me $1,000
    0:04:04 and I put it in a CD at the bank,
    0:04:06 certificate of deposit where it earned interest.
    0:04:10 And I think I intuitively knew what interest was,
    0:04:11 but I didn’t really get it.
    0:04:14 And I remember I logged into my account the next day
    0:04:19 and the balance had grown from $1,000 to $1,000 in three cents.
    0:04:20 I earned three cents of interest
    0:04:22 and I remember jaw hitting the floor,
    0:04:25 being completely stunned that I just earned money
    0:04:27 for doing nothing just for waking up in the morning.
    0:04:28 Somebody paid me.
    0:04:31 I knew at that moment I was like, this is the thing.
    0:04:32 This is what I love doing.
    0:04:33 And so all throughout college,
    0:04:37 I wanted to be a hedge fund manager or an investment banker.
    0:04:39 I think in that era, like the mid 2000s,
    0:04:42 this was what everybody wanted to do in that field.
    0:04:45 And then I kind of stumbled haphazardly across writing.
    0:04:46 It was never part of the plan.
    0:04:48 I never wanted to become a writer.
    0:04:49 And even when I started doing it,
    0:04:52 I was a senior in college
    0:04:55 when I got a job at the Motley Fool writing about stocks.
    0:04:56 And I didn’t want to do it.
    0:04:59 I just needed a job, but I fell in love with it.
    0:05:01 So I think that in itself is a lesson,
    0:05:03 particularly for people in college,
    0:05:05 you might think you know what you want to do
    0:05:07 and you have a goal and you have a path in front of you,
    0:05:11 but so many people, including myself, probably you,
    0:05:13 stumble into what they actually love
    0:05:15 and want to do serendipitously.
    0:05:19 So I think it was great that I did not follow the path
    0:05:20 that I thought I had paved for myself
    0:05:23 and just stumbled into something else.
    0:05:25 – Yeah, and it sounds like you had an open mind
    0:05:28 to explore different skills and see what you were good at.
    0:05:31 And then you were able to merge finance and writing,
    0:05:33 which you didn’t expect to actually do
    0:05:36 into a career as an author, a bestselling author at that.
    0:05:38 Well, here’s what’s really interesting.
    0:05:40 I would not say I had an open mind about it.
    0:05:43 I graduated college in 2008 when the world was on fire
    0:05:45 and everything was burning down.
    0:05:47 The economy, like no one in finance was hiring.
    0:05:48 Everybody was laying people off.
    0:05:51 So I found a job at the Motley Fool as a writer
    0:05:54 and I took it because I had to, I had rent to pay.
    0:05:54 That was why I took it.
    0:05:55 I didn’t do it because I was like,
    0:05:57 oh, maybe I like writing.
    0:05:58 That’ll be fun.
    0:06:00 I took it because I was like, I need to paycheck today.
    0:06:03 And they were the only people in finance who were hiring.
    0:06:05 And so for the first six months,
    0:06:06 not only did I not really like it,
    0:06:07 I was kind of ashamed of it.
    0:06:09 I was like, I want to be a hedge fund manager
    0:06:11 and now I’m a blogger.
    0:06:12 What is this?
    0:06:14 After about a year, I started to really enjoy it
    0:06:16 and just love the craft of writing.
    0:06:18 – Yeah, and that makes sense because usually,
    0:06:21 if you don’t have experience, you’re bad at that thing.
    0:06:23 And then you feel demotivated
    0:06:24 ’cause you’re not that good at it.
    0:06:25 But over time, if you get better,
    0:06:27 you can enjoy it and find motivation,
    0:06:29 I’m sure, in what you’re doing.
    0:06:30 – I think if there was one thing
    0:06:32 that has really helped me in my career,
    0:06:34 it’s a combination of, for the first two or three years,
    0:06:37 I had to do that job because nobody else was hiring.
    0:06:39 And then after that, I think I’ve just been stubborn.
    0:06:41 I don’t know if it’s patience or stubbornness
    0:06:42 or a mix of the two,
    0:06:45 but I’ve been writing about behavioral finance
    0:06:47 every day for 17 years.
    0:06:49 And if you do anything for that long,
    0:06:51 you’ll gain some proficiency, no matter what it is.
    0:06:56 Anybody in any field, if they do it every day for 20 years,
    0:06:57 will get good at it.
    0:06:59 And so I think that’s been just like sticking with it
    0:07:01 has been what’s helped me the most.
    0:07:04 – Yeah, and I think something that also changed
    0:07:05 the way that you think about the world
    0:07:07 is actually an accident that happened
    0:07:09 when you were younger on ski slopes.
    0:07:11 It severely impacted you.
    0:07:13 It’s really, really traumatic and tragic.
    0:07:14 What happened?
    0:07:15 Can you tell us about that
    0:07:17 and how it shaped the way that you view the world?
    0:07:20 – Yeah, so I grew up as a competitive ski racer
    0:07:21 in Lake Tahoe, California.
    0:07:22 I was on the Squad Valley ski team
    0:07:26 and that was my life for my childhood and my teenage years.
    0:07:28 Skied six days a week, 10 months a year,
    0:07:30 all over the world racing.
    0:07:31 It was great.
    0:07:32 It was like such a cool experience.
    0:07:34 And there were about 12 of us on the Squad Valley ski team.
    0:07:36 And we were all best friends.
    0:07:38 We had been together since we were children,
    0:07:40 skiing six days a week all over the world.
    0:07:45 And so one day in February of 2001, I was 17 years old
    0:07:47 and I was skiing with my two best friends.
    0:07:48 We had grown up together.
    0:07:50 They were 17 as well.
    0:07:53 And we would ski down the backside of Squad Valley,
    0:07:56 which is out of bounds, which you’re not supposed to do.
    0:07:58 You duck under the ropes that say do not cross.
    0:08:01 But we did this ’cause we were young and rebellious
    0:08:02 and that’s where the best skiing is.
    0:08:03 It’s untracked.
    0:08:04 You have the place to yourself.
    0:08:06 Now, when you ski out of bounds like that,
    0:08:08 when you get to the bottom, there’s no chairlift
    0:08:09 because you went out of bounds.
    0:08:12 So it would spit us out on this back country road
    0:08:13 and we would hitchhike back.
    0:08:14 We love doing this.
    0:08:16 It was kind of a thrill like we got to hitchhike.
    0:08:19 It was all very rebellious thing that 17 year olds do.
    0:08:21 So the three of us ski this run.
    0:08:24 And as we’re skiing down, I very vividly remember,
    0:08:27 we triggered a small avalanche.
    0:08:29 And it’s like, it’s a feeling that you will never forget
    0:08:33 because rather than pushing on the ground with your skis
    0:08:34 to gain traction and control,
    0:08:36 all of a sudden the ground is pushing you.
    0:08:39 And avalanches are very powerful.
    0:08:40 You’ll be skiing down
    0:08:42 and then all of a sudden you have no control
    0:08:43 and it’ll push you 20 feet this way
    0:08:46 and then jolt you 30 feet that way.
    0:08:48 But it was pretty small and it ended pretty quickly.
    0:08:49 And the three of us ski down
    0:08:51 and we like high fived about it at the bottom.
    0:08:53 We were like, whoa, do you see that avalanche?
    0:08:54 Oh, so cool.
    0:08:55 We hitchhiked back.
    0:08:57 And Brendan and Brian, my two friends were with me.
    0:08:59 They said, hey, let’s do it again.
    0:09:00 That was great.
    0:09:01 Let’s go ski that run again.
    0:09:04 For whatever reason, I don’t really know.
    0:09:06 I said, I don’t want to do it again.
    0:09:07 But how about this?
    0:09:09 How about you guys go do it again?
    0:09:10 And rather than hitchhiking back,
    0:09:12 I’ll drive around to the side of the mountain
    0:09:14 and I’ll pick you up in my truck.
    0:09:15 So you don’t have to hitchhike.
    0:09:16 They said, great, let’s do it.
    0:09:17 We made that plan.
    0:09:18 We went our separate ways.
    0:09:19 They went skiing.
    0:09:22 I went back to get my truck to go get them.
    0:09:25 20 minutes later, I drive around to meet them
    0:09:27 at the pickup spot where I was gonna meet them
    0:09:28 and they weren’t there.
    0:09:30 And I really didn’t think anything of it.
    0:09:32 I thought that they had probably already hitchhiked back.
    0:09:33 And maybe I was late.
    0:09:35 It didn’t really bother me.
    0:09:36 And I went back to our locker room
    0:09:37 where I expected to find them
    0:09:39 and they were not there either.
    0:09:40 And nobody had seen them.
    0:09:43 At that point, I started to wonder what happened.
    0:09:45 But I really wasn’t worried at that point.
    0:09:48 Several hours later, Brian’s mom called me at home
    0:09:50 and she said, hey, Brian didn’t show up for work today.
    0:09:52 Do you know where he is?
    0:09:53 And I told her the truth.
    0:09:56 I said, yeah, we skied down the backside out of bounds
    0:09:58 and I was gonna pick them up, but they never showed up.
    0:09:59 And I think in that moment,
    0:10:03 she and I pieced together what probably happened here.
    0:10:04 Later that day, several hours later,
    0:10:07 we got the police involved, missing persons report.
    0:10:09 They eventually had turned into,
    0:10:10 we got search and rescue involved.
    0:10:12 Search and rescue went on the hill
    0:10:14 at about midnight to start looking for them.
    0:10:16 They had these giant portable floodlights
    0:10:19 and a team of search dogs, search and rescue dogs.
    0:10:21 And then later the next morning,
    0:10:23 after about nine hours of searching,
    0:10:26 when the search and rescue workers got to the area,
    0:10:28 the out of bounds area where I told them we’d skiing,
    0:10:31 they said it looked like half the mountain had been torn away
    0:10:33 from what was clearly a very fresh,
    0:10:36 just massive, enormous avalanche.
    0:10:38 And avalanches can be the equivalent of like a tsunami,
    0:10:41 just unbelievable amount of power.
    0:10:44 They can snap giant trees with their force.
    0:10:47 And it had clearly just been a massive avalanche here.
    0:10:49 The search dogs eventually homed in
    0:10:52 on a spot in the avalanche field where rescuers
    0:10:55 who had these giant propoles found Brandon and Brian dead
    0:10:58 in the avalanche that were buried about six feet under.
    0:11:00 So of course, I always have to say when I tell this story,
    0:11:02 I think you and everyone else listening
    0:11:04 has lost somebody dear to them.
    0:11:05 It’s not unique in that sense.
    0:11:07 I don’t want to pretend like it was unique
    0:11:08 that I had a friend who died.
    0:11:11 Most people have experienced some version of that.
    0:11:13 Of course, it had a really profound impact on me.
    0:11:15 And one of the reasons why,
    0:11:18 and it took me a while to really piece this together was,
    0:11:21 if I had gone with them on that second run,
    0:11:23 100% chance I would be dead.
    0:11:24 It was such a massive,
    0:11:26 it took out everything in its path.
    0:11:27 And so then I look back on it
    0:11:29 and it’s like the most important decision
    0:11:32 that I ever made in my life by far
    0:11:34 was not going on this second run.
    0:11:36 And I didn’t put any thought into that decision.
    0:11:38 I didn’t weigh the pros and cons.
    0:11:39 I didn’t do a risk analysis.
    0:11:41 It was just a brainless dumb decision.
    0:11:42 Why don’t you guys go do it?
    0:11:43 I’ll do something else.
    0:11:45 And nothing in my life has mattered more.
    0:11:48 And I think a lot of things in life are like that
    0:11:51 where in hindsight and only in hindsight,
    0:11:54 do you look back and you’re like the worst
    0:11:56 or the best thing that ever happened to me
    0:11:59 came about because of this dumb brainless decision.
    0:12:01 And maybe people listening to this today,
    0:12:05 if you left your house for work at 853 instead of 854,
    0:12:07 you may have died in a car accident.
    0:12:08 You know, I’m making this up,
    0:12:10 but there’s all these just random,
    0:12:14 like you understand how the world hangs by a thread
    0:12:15 of these decisions.
    0:12:16 And when you come to terms with that,
    0:12:18 I think it makes you much more humble
    0:12:20 in your ability and willingness
    0:12:22 to predict what’s going to happen in the future.
    0:12:24 When you see how fragile it is,
    0:12:27 you just realize you have no idea what’s coming next.
    0:12:29 – Yeah, and so you accomplished a lot at a young age.
    0:12:31 Like I said, I hopped on the column.
    0:12:32 It was like most people I interviewed
    0:12:35 are like 50, 60 years old or whatever.
    0:12:37 You’re definitely not that old, right?
    0:12:38 So you accomplished a lot in your life.
    0:12:41 Do you feel like it’s because you had this experience
    0:12:44 at 17 years old losing your two best friends
    0:12:46 and realizing how fragile life is?
    0:12:47 Like you better get at it.
    0:12:49 – I think that would be a small part of it.
    0:12:52 I think in a broader sense ski racing was so important
    0:12:55 because we were independent
    0:12:58 and treated as adults since we were like 14.
    0:13:00 And we would travel around with the coaches skiing,
    0:13:03 but the coaches, God bless them, would just go to bars.
    0:13:07 And then like we were out being adults for better or worse.
    0:13:09 But I think that created an incredible sense of independence
    0:13:12 and like forced you to grow up very fast.
    0:13:13 That had a big impact on me,
    0:13:16 but certainly losing my friends at that age
    0:13:18 made me realize how fragile life can be.
    0:13:22 And I think my perception of risk
    0:13:24 changed dramatically after that.
    0:13:26 And after that, I would not take risks
    0:13:28 that I would have before that
    0:13:31 because you see the consequences of your actions.
    0:13:33 – Well, yeah, when you’re that young, it’s inevitable.
    0:13:35 A lot of people at like 18, 19, 20,
    0:13:38 that’s when you’re doing the most drugs
    0:13:39 and like all this kind of stuff
    0:13:40 ’cause you just think you’re invincible.
    0:13:42 So I have a feeling you probably
    0:13:44 didn’t really do much of that at all.
    0:13:46 – I think even before that happened,
    0:13:49 I was always kind of, I had friends who were doing it
    0:13:51 more than I, I’m not gonna sit here and say,
    0:13:54 I did none of it, but okay, I’ll give you a specific example.
    0:13:55 I was telling my wife the other day,
    0:13:58 I remember when I was 18, one of my friends had cocaine
    0:14:00 and I was like, absolutely not,
    0:14:03 like not even in the slightest in a million years
    0:14:05 would I touch that stuff, never.
    0:14:06 But all my other friends are like, yeah, let’s give it a whirl.
    0:14:08 Let’s see how this works.
    0:14:10 So even at that age, I think just naturally,
    0:14:13 I had a risk assessment that was different for my friends.
    0:14:14 Yeah.
    0:14:16 – So you worked at Motley Fool, like you were saying,
    0:14:19 you got a job right out of college at Motley Fool.
    0:14:21 And you actually thought you were gonna stay there
    0:14:22 and work there forever.
    0:14:24 You bought a house near the headquarters
    0:14:25 and you thought you’d never leave.
    0:14:27 So what actually changed your mind
    0:14:29 to pivot your career a bit?
    0:14:32 – Yeah, it was one of the hardest decisions of my career
    0:14:34 ’cause I was really happy and comfortable at the Motley Fool.
    0:14:36 It was a great place to work, still is,
    0:14:38 filled with great people, I was happy there.
    0:14:41 Got in Craig Shapiro who runs a private equity firm
    0:14:43 called the Collaborative Fund, reached out to me in 2015.
    0:14:45 And he just said, hey, I like your work,
    0:14:46 why don’t you come to Collaborative Fund
    0:14:47 and just keep doing it.
    0:14:50 Keep doing exactly what you’re doing, but just do it here.
    0:14:51 And I said, hey, I’m flattered,
    0:14:53 but I’m really happy here, no thanks.
    0:14:55 My wife and I had just had our first kid
    0:14:57 who was two months old at the time.
    0:15:01 I was not prepared to just throw my career upside down.
    0:15:03 But he kept pushing and kept pushing and kept pushing.
    0:15:06 And I think what the decision for me eventually became was,
    0:15:09 if I stay at the Motley Fool forever,
    0:15:12 from the time I was in college until I retire in my 60s,
    0:15:15 will I regret never trying something different?
    0:15:17 And I think after a while I realized that the answer was,
    0:15:21 yeah, I think I might wonder what else was out there.
    0:15:23 So I finally joined Collaborative Fund in 2016.
    0:15:25 And it’s been amazing.
    0:15:27 That was before I had written books
    0:15:28 or done anything like that.
    0:15:32 And Craig was one of the only people I think in the world
    0:15:34 who would say, Morgan, just go do your thing.
    0:15:37 I’m not gonna tell you what to write or when to write.
    0:15:39 And I don’t write about what Collaborative Fund does.
    0:15:41 I feel like it’s just my own canvas
    0:15:44 to write about anything that I’m interested in.
    0:15:45 And so that was a really rare opportunity.
    0:15:48 Almost every professional writer at an organization,
    0:15:50 if you write for The Wall Street Journal or Reuters
    0:15:52 or CNN or something,
    0:15:53 you have an editor telling you what to write,
    0:15:55 how to write it, when to turn it in.
    0:15:58 And I think that just strips away the art of writing.
    0:16:01 It just turns it into a job instead of an art.
    0:16:04 So I’ve really enjoyed the artistic side of it.
    0:16:05 – At what point did you decide,
    0:16:10 hey, I wanna write actual books, not just for a blog?
    0:16:11 Was that a conscious decision
    0:16:13 or was that when you went to this new fund,
    0:16:16 they told you, hey, we want you to write books?
    0:16:17 – No, definitely not the latter.
    0:16:19 And it was a conscious decision for a long time
    0:16:20 to not write the books.
    0:16:22 I never saw the point in it.
    0:16:26 And I would always say, look, I blog twice a week.
    0:16:28 Why does it matter if it’s stuffed
    0:16:29 in between two pieces of cardboard?
    0:16:30 It’s the same thing.
    0:16:33 It’s the same words, like I’m still writing, so who cares?
    0:16:36 So that was why I pushed off writing books for years.
    0:16:40 A publisher came to me in 2014,
    0:16:42 maybe 2013 and said, hey, we want you to write a book.
    0:16:44 And I was absolutely, I’m not ready.
    0:16:46 I don’t wanna do it, it sounds hard.
    0:16:49 And so in hindsight, I’m so glad that I waited
    0:16:51 because I became a better writer.
    0:16:53 I had more content to use for the books.
    0:16:56 So the fact that I was so stubborn about doing it,
    0:16:58 it was so beneficial to me.
    0:17:01 In 2018, I wrote a very long blog post
    0:17:02 called “The Psychology of Money.”
    0:17:05 It was a 10,000 word blog post, which is very, very long.
    0:17:07 Most books are about 50,000 words.
    0:17:10 So it was one fifth of a book in a blog.
    0:17:12 It was the biggest blog post that I had ever written.
    0:17:14 It did really well, it was well received.
    0:17:17 And so that was when I was like, oh, people like this style
    0:17:19 and format and this substance.
    0:17:22 And it’s not gonna take me that much effort
    0:17:25 to expand what I already have into a book.
    0:17:27 And so that was when it was like, okay,
    0:17:29 like I’m finally gonna do this.
    0:17:30 My wife had convinced me.
    0:17:32 I don’t think I’ve ever told this story before,
    0:17:33 but I’ll tell it here.
    0:17:34 – Yeah, tell me.
    0:17:36 – An author named James Clear,
    0:17:38 who wrote a book called “Atomic Habits.”
    0:17:40 It’s the best selling and one of the best books
    0:17:42 of the last generation.
    0:17:44 It’s just an absolute gem of a book.
    0:17:47 And he published his book in 2018.
    0:17:50 And I think he was seeing the success of “Atomic Habits”
    0:17:52 that I was like, I want that.
    0:17:55 It was not jealousy, it was not envy, it was motivation.
    0:17:57 What James has, I wanna chase it.
    0:17:59 And James, as you will see when he comes on,
    0:18:04 is the nicest, most humble, politest guy you’ll ever meet.
    0:18:06 So the fact that not only had James had success in a book,
    0:18:08 but I was like, I wanna be James.
    0:18:10 And not just his success, I wanna be him.
    0:18:12 Was like a big motivator for me to be like,
    0:18:14 okay, like I really wanna write a book now.
    0:18:16 And James and I have become friends since then.
    0:18:17 It’s actually interesting.
    0:18:21 In the summer of 2018, I was in Omaha, Nebraska
    0:18:22 for the Berkshire Hathaway Shareholder Meeting.
    0:18:24 And we rented a house with like 10 friends.
    0:18:27 And this random guy came over to have dinner.
    0:18:28 I don’t know who invited him.
    0:18:30 No idea who he was.
    0:18:31 And he introduced himself.
    0:18:32 He said, hi, I’m James Clear.
    0:18:34 I’m writing a book called Atomic Habits.
    0:18:36 It’s gonna come out in a couple of months.
    0:18:38 And so we had no idea, but like in hindsight,
    0:18:41 looking back, it’s so funny that we saw that together.
    0:18:43 – Yeah, that book is huge.
    0:18:44 I think to this day, it’s still like
    0:18:46 on all the bestseller lists.
    0:18:49 So like you were saying, you wanted to become an author
    0:18:51 because you saw the opportunity
    0:18:53 and you were like, I want what James Clear has.
    0:18:56 How has being an author actually transformed your career?
    0:18:58 Like what opportunities have come about?
    0:19:00 I’m sure you like weren’t doing podcasts
    0:19:02 before you had a book, is that right?
    0:19:05 – I’d say, in some ways, nothing has changed.
    0:19:07 In some ways, everything has changed.
    0:19:09 Nothing has changed because I still write
    0:19:10 about the same topics.
    0:19:12 I still read the same topics.
    0:19:16 I still sit in the same chair and think the same way.
    0:19:18 My wife and kids don’t treat me any differently.
    0:19:20 In most ways, nothing has changed.
    0:19:23 What the book did to me, and it’s a very real thing,
    0:19:25 is it gave me independence,
    0:19:28 which is a big topic in psychology of money.
    0:19:30 What you want to use money and wealth for
    0:19:32 is to gain control over your time.
    0:19:33 And if I’m being honest with you,
    0:19:35 I feel like I’m really opening myself up
    0:19:36 in this podcast here.
    0:19:40 Before the book, I was always filled with career anxiety.
    0:19:41 What happens if I get laid off?
    0:19:42 What happens if this doesn’t work?
    0:19:45 And it really scared me, particularly as it became a father.
    0:19:46 I got mouths to feed.
    0:19:48 What happens if this doesn’t work?
    0:19:51 That’s the one thing that’s changed post books,
    0:19:53 a greater sense of financial independence.
    0:19:55 That means the world to me.
    0:19:57 And I also, my wife has pointed this out too.
    0:20:01 I think I’ve been in a better mental state post books
    0:20:03 than I have in my life.
    0:20:04 It didn’t make me happier,
    0:20:06 but I think it removed anxiety from my life.
    0:20:08 It’s interesting that in a way,
    0:20:10 that was what the book was about.
    0:20:11 But then because of writing the book,
    0:20:14 I got to experience it myself, which has been a cool thing.
    0:20:16 – And why do you think that freedom has come about?
    0:20:18 Is it because you’re getting speaking engagements,
    0:20:21 that you’re like pulling in extra revenue streams?
    0:20:23 Obviously book sales has some revenue streams,
    0:20:26 but book sales these days don’t really move the needle,
    0:20:28 right? Maybe your books do.
    0:20:29 But what do you think changed
    0:20:32 in terms of you feeling like you have more freedom?
    0:20:33 – It’s all the above.
    0:20:35 It’s book royalties, it’s speaking, it’s all the above.
    0:20:37 And we haven’t really changed our lifestyle
    0:20:38 to any meaningful degree.
    0:20:41 We live in the same house and drive the same car and whatnot.
    0:20:43 A lot of that is just accrued to net worth.
    0:20:45 This is what I write about in psychology money too.
    0:20:47 Wealth is what you don’t see.
    0:20:49 It’s not the cars that you buy.
    0:20:50 It’s not the house that you buy.
    0:20:52 Wealth is the money that you’ve saved
    0:20:54 that gives you independence
    0:20:56 that allows you to do whatever the heck you wanna do.
    0:20:58 And so that’s what it’s been for us.
    0:21:00 It’s like we’ve saved the vast, vast majority of it.
    0:21:02 And because of that,
    0:21:05 the anxiety that I had of what if back then
    0:21:07 has largely been stripped away.
    0:21:08 Now you will never get rid of what if
    0:21:12 because what if you get hit by a car?
    0:21:14 You’re never gonna remove risk.
    0:21:16 But a lot of the tangible career risks
    0:21:18 that I had five years ago has dissipated.
    0:21:20 – Let’s hold that thought
    0:21:22 and take a quick break with our sponsors.
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    0:26:27 Okay, so your book, Psychology of Money came out in 2020
    0:26:28 was a huge hit.
    0:26:30 And you say in the book that money has little to do
    0:26:33 with how smart you are and a lot to do with how you behave.
    0:26:34 So let’s start there.
    0:26:36 I think it’s a good foundation of the book.
    0:26:38 Can you shed some more color on that
    0:26:40 and give us examples of how behavior
    0:26:43 can actually trump smarts?
    0:26:44 Well, here’s how I always define it.
    0:26:47 If you are the smartest financial mind in the world,
    0:26:49 you have a PhD in finance from Harvard,
    0:26:50 you know all the numbers,
    0:26:54 you won the Nobel Prize in economics,
    0:26:56 but you don’t have control over your behavior.
    0:26:59 You don’t have a control over your greed and fear
    0:27:00 or patience or temper.
    0:27:03 You can and very likely will go broke.
    0:27:06 And the flip side of that is if you have no financial
    0:27:08 education, you don’t know anything.
    0:27:09 You didn’t graduate high school.
    0:27:11 You’re a country bumpkin who knows nothing,
    0:27:15 but you do have control over your greed and fear
    0:27:17 and patience and temper.
    0:27:20 You have everything you need to become wealthy.
    0:27:22 Just yesterday, there was a news story that came out
    0:27:25 about this guy who lived in the middle of West Virginia
    0:27:28 or something like that and lived in a trailer.
    0:27:29 I heard this.
    0:27:32 He recently died and he left $4 million to his town.
    0:27:33 Yeah.
    0:27:34 That’s the perfect example.
    0:27:36 He does not have the pedigree.
    0:27:37 He does not have the degree from Harvard.
    0:27:39 He did not work at Goldman Sachs,
    0:27:43 but he was clearly patient, not greedy, et cetera, et cetera.
    0:27:45 And because of that, he became very wealthy.
    0:27:49 So there are very few fields in which that’s the case.
    0:27:51 If you did not go to medical school,
    0:27:54 you do not know how to perform open heart surgery, full stop.
    0:27:56 But it’s not like that in finance.
    0:27:58 You don’t need the education to do well
    0:28:00 as long as you have the behaviors.
    0:28:03 So because it’s one of the few fields that’s like that,
    0:28:06 it’s easy to overlook what you need.
    0:28:08 And most people, if they’re like,
    0:28:09 “I want to become a good investor,”
    0:28:10 they’re like, “Great.
    0:28:13 I’m going to go get a degree in finance.
    0:28:15 I’m going to memorize all the formulas.”
    0:28:17 And by and large, that’s not what you need.
    0:28:19 What you need is the behavior.
    0:28:20 Now, for a lot of people,
    0:28:23 that behavior is nature instead of nurture.
    0:28:25 They’re born understanding.
    0:28:27 Their brain is wired in a way that lets them do it.
    0:28:29 And some people are the opposite of that.
    0:28:31 But just understanding what you need
    0:28:32 and what you don’t is, I think,
    0:28:35 the most important thing of doing well with money.
    0:28:37 And just to dig in on what you said,
    0:28:38 you also say in your book
    0:28:42 that we learn traditionally about finance,
    0:28:43 like it’s physics, right?
    0:28:45 It’s rules, there’s laws.
    0:28:47 But you say we should look at it more like psychology
    0:28:49 with emotion and nuance.
    0:28:51 Can you dig deeper on that?
    0:28:52 – In math and in physics,
    0:28:54 there’s one right answer for everybody.
    0:28:56 So if I say, “What is two plus two?”
    0:28:58 It’s four, no matter who you are
    0:29:01 or where you’re from or where you live or how old you are.
    0:29:02 But in finance, it’s not like that.
    0:29:05 Because if I say, “How should you invest your money?”
    0:29:07 Well, what works for me might not work for you
    0:29:08 and vice versa.
    0:29:10 Everyone listening, we’re all gonna come
    0:29:11 to a different conclusion.
    0:29:13 Because our risk tolerance is different,
    0:29:15 our social aspirations are different,
    0:29:17 our time horizons are different, everything is different.
    0:29:21 So it’s much closer to like taste and music.
    0:29:23 And if I said, “What’s the best music?”
    0:29:24 There’s no one answer for that.
    0:29:26 It just depends who you are and what you like
    0:29:27 and how old you are.
    0:29:29 Music that I liked when I was 15
    0:29:30 would be atrocious to me now.
    0:29:32 So you’re gonna change throughout time.
    0:29:34 That’s most of the nuance in finance
    0:29:37 is just realizing that there is not one right answer.
    0:29:39 And I think the majority of the time in finance
    0:29:41 when people are arguing with each other
    0:29:43 about how should you spend your money?
    0:29:44 How should you invest your money?
    0:29:46 They’re not actually arguing.
    0:29:47 They’re not actually debating.
    0:29:49 It’s just people with different experiences
    0:29:52 and different risk tolerances talking over each other.
    0:29:54 And it’s the equivalent.
    0:29:56 If I think X and X is good for me,
    0:29:58 you might think X is terrible
    0:30:00 because it would be bad for you.
    0:30:03 That’s the biggest issue with financial debates.
    0:30:04 So this reminds me of something
    0:30:05 that you were just mentioning.
    0:30:08 The fact that you and your wife
    0:30:12 have basically stayed at the same goal post all these years.
    0:30:15 You drive the same car, you live in the same house.
    0:30:18 You haven’t really increased the amount of money
    0:30:19 that it costs to live your life,
    0:30:21 but you’ve both increased your incomes.
    0:30:23 You’re able to save more.
    0:30:25 Talk to us about this importance
    0:30:27 of knowing what your own goal post is
    0:30:28 and why that matters.
    0:30:30 – The first thing I think is important
    0:30:31 is like we live a great life.
    0:30:33 We live in a great house in a great neighborhood
    0:30:34 and we take great vacations.
    0:30:36 We are not the kind of people
    0:30:37 like the guy who’s living in the trailer
    0:30:39 and it’s like leaving all this money.
    0:30:41 There is obviously some balance to it.
    0:30:43 But I think the idea that
    0:30:46 if your expectations grow faster than your income,
    0:30:49 you will never ever be happy with your money
    0:30:50 is one of the most important
    0:30:53 and powerful realizations in finance.
    0:30:55 That there are hedge fund managers
    0:30:57 who make $100 million a year
    0:30:59 and feel like they’re falling behind
    0:31:01 because their buddies make 200 million a year.
    0:31:04 There is no cap to that.
    0:31:06 Elon Musk displaced Jeff Bezos
    0:31:07 as the richest man in the world.
    0:31:08 I don’t know this to be the case,
    0:31:11 but maybe that bothered Jeff Bezos
    0:31:13 because now he’s only worth a quarter of a trillion dollars
    0:31:16 while Musk was worth a third of a trillion dollars.
    0:31:18 There’s no end to financial comparison.
    0:31:21 And so, yes, it’s important if you wanna do well with money
    0:31:24 to grow your income, invest your money, grow your net worth.
    0:31:27 But it is equally important and very easy to overlook
    0:31:29 that you also need to go out of your way
    0:31:31 to manage your expectations.
    0:31:33 And just be happy with what you have
    0:31:35 knowing that if you get the bigger house
    0:31:38 or the nicer car, it’s gonna feel cool for like four minutes.
    0:31:40 And then you’re gonna get used to it
    0:31:41 and it’s not gonna feel any different.
    0:31:44 And so, look, we live in a nice house
    0:31:47 in a safe neighborhood, all of that checks all the boxes.
    0:31:49 But there is this thing of, yeah,
    0:31:51 but if we got a bigger house, we wouldn’t be any happier.
    0:31:55 And we might actually spoil the expectations of our kids
    0:31:58 who think that that bigger house is now the norm.
    0:32:00 So this is something that like we always battle with
    0:32:03 because even for us who believe this and live it,
    0:32:07 the expectation of, ah, maybe we should get a Range Rover.
    0:32:08 It’s always there.
    0:32:11 That feeling, that drive is always there.
    0:32:12 But then just taking a step back and be like,
    0:32:15 well, is there something else we could do with our money?
    0:32:17 Would the vacation make us happier?
    0:32:19 Would donating it make us happier?
    0:32:21 That battle is always there.
    0:32:22 But whenever we’ve experienced it,
    0:32:24 and when you go out of your way
    0:32:26 to keep your expectations low too,
    0:32:29 then your drive for a better life moves away from
    0:32:31 what’s the next car, what’s the next house?
    0:32:32 Actually, what makes us happier
    0:32:34 is spending more time with our kids,
    0:32:36 going for walks with my wife.
    0:32:38 So like, hey, can we use our money to do that?
    0:32:40 Use our money to free up our time
    0:32:42 so that we can spend more time with our kids
    0:32:43 and with each other.
    0:32:45 ‘Cause that’s definitely gonna make us happier.
    0:32:47 But the Range Rover probably won’t.
    0:32:49 That’s the debate that we always have in our heads.
    0:32:52 – Yeah, and as I get older and make more money,
    0:32:54 I feel like I’m actually becoming smarter
    0:32:56 about the way that I spend my money.
    0:32:59 ‘Cause I realized how much I have to work
    0:33:00 for a certain amount of things.
    0:33:02 This reminds me, it was Thanksgiving yesterday,
    0:33:03 so I saw my family.
    0:33:07 And my sister-in-law has never worked a day in her life
    0:33:09 just carrying a $6,000 bag.
    0:33:13 Meanwhile, my company made $5 million last year.
    0:33:16 And my most expensive bag is like $3,000.
    0:33:20 It made me realize how much different people’s priorities
    0:33:23 are and how people spend their money
    0:33:26 and manage their money is so varied
    0:33:30 in terms of what people believe success looks like,
    0:33:31 in terms of how much they want to save.
    0:33:35 And it’s so, so varied across the spectrum.
    0:33:36 – It’s so varied.
    0:33:39 And this is one thing that I’ve kind of tweaked my views on
    0:33:40 in the last couple of years,
    0:33:43 is that the $6,000 bag for your sister-in-law,
    0:33:45 maybe that is the best use of her money.
    0:33:46 – Yeah.
    0:33:47 – Maybe it’s not, but for some people, it would be.
    0:33:49 Even if for my wife and I, or maybe you,
    0:33:51 it would not be to each their own.
    0:33:55 And there are a lot of people who will look at how my wife
    0:33:56 and I spend our money,
    0:33:58 particularly the few of our friends who would know our income.
    0:33:59 And then look at how we spend it.
    0:34:00 We’d be like, what are you guys doing?
    0:34:02 Like you are missing out on so much.
    0:34:04 And I don’t think we are.
    0:34:06 I think we’re pretty cognizant of what we’re doing
    0:34:07 and how we spend it.
    0:34:10 And we’re doing the best thing for us,
    0:34:12 which to me, all that matters.
    0:34:16 I’ve never wanted to become the Manchin Lamborghini guy.
    0:34:18 I’ve always wanted to become the independent guy
    0:34:21 who can just do whatever he wants any day.
    0:34:24 And no one’s gonna tell me what to do or when to do it.
    0:34:27 I’m not like a, I’ve reject all authority kind of guy.
    0:34:29 I’m not like a hardcore libertarian,
    0:34:31 but for money stuff, for work stuff,
    0:34:34 I’m gonna have the most fun and do the best work
    0:34:35 if it’s on my own terms.
    0:34:38 So the fact that I can write what I want when I want.
    0:34:40 And the reason I can do that
    0:34:42 is because I have some sense of financial independence.
    0:34:44 I don’t need to work for the salaried company.
    0:34:47 That is the best use of money for me by far.
    0:34:49 – I want to talk a little bit more
    0:34:51 about the purpose of money.
    0:34:52 You’ve been alluding to it,
    0:34:56 but talk to us about why independence and autonomy
    0:34:58 is really the purpose of gaining wealth.
    0:35:00 – I think back to what we said of everyone’s different
    0:35:03 and maybe the $6,000 handbag is right for you,
    0:35:04 but not for me.
    0:35:07 But if there is one common denominator
    0:35:09 of which almost everybody from every culture
    0:35:13 and every age is gonna get benefit from, it’s independence.
    0:35:16 People by and large do not enjoy being told
    0:35:19 when to work, how to work and what work to do.
    0:35:21 They do that because they have to.
    0:35:23 They need the paycheck and that’s the way to do it.
    0:35:26 But when most people, the first taste of independence
    0:35:29 they have, they’re like, oh, that’s good.
    0:35:30 That’s the one I like.
    0:35:32 And even if you are working for a salaried company,
    0:35:35 if you have a boss and in a position
    0:35:37 that gives you independence and autonomy,
    0:35:38 not only is it more enjoyable,
    0:35:40 you’re going to do better work.
    0:35:42 The quality of your work is gonna go up
    0:35:44 if you’re doing it on your own terms.
    0:35:46 It’s such a universal driver of happiness.
    0:35:47 And maybe that’s actually the wrong word
    0:35:50 because independence doesn’t necessarily make you happy,
    0:35:53 but it removes unhappiness.
    0:35:55 That’s an important nuance, but it’s really important.
    0:36:00 People who are wealthier by and large do not wake up happier,
    0:36:02 happy in the sense that they wake up smiling every morning.
    0:36:05 It’s not that, but I think they have fewer bad days.
    0:36:07 And that is a huge life advantage
    0:36:12 to remove uncertainty and misery from your life is massive.
    0:36:14 It’s one of the few things in money
    0:36:16 that tends to be universal.
    0:36:18 And it’s also very easy to overlook
    0:36:19 because particularly for young people
    0:36:21 and particularly young men,
    0:36:24 the knee-jerk reaction of why do you wanna become rich
    0:36:26 is so I can have nice stuff.
    0:36:28 So I can have a big house and a fancy car
    0:36:29 and it’s easy to overlook
    0:36:31 what’s actually gonna bring you the most joy
    0:36:33 is using it to give yourself independence.
    0:36:34 – I love that.
    0:36:37 So let’s talk about emotions and money.
    0:36:39 What are some of the common emotional pitfalls
    0:36:40 that a lot of us fall under
    0:36:43 when it comes to handling our finances?
    0:36:44 – The two biggest that come to mind,
    0:36:47 one from personal finance and one from investing.
    0:36:49 In personal finance, it’s social comparison.
    0:36:53 And there is no such thing as an objective measure of wealth.
    0:36:55 Everything is just relative to what other people have.
    0:36:58 You look at your house, your car, your bank account
    0:37:01 and you say, what do I have compared to that person?
    0:37:04 That person is usually your friends, your neighbors,
    0:37:06 your coworkers, but also just people on social media.
    0:37:09 That is the fuel to move the goalpost.
    0:37:11 ‘Cause even if you are doing well,
    0:37:12 you’re gonna start looking at people
    0:37:13 who are doing better than you
    0:37:15 and you’re always gonna feel inadequate.
    0:37:17 And it’s very hard to break that cycle.
    0:37:21 Social media makes this so ridiculously difficult
    0:37:24 because now the people who you are comparing yourself to
    0:37:26 is like the curated algorithmic real
    0:37:28 on TikTok and Instagram.
    0:37:32 That knows exactly what’s gonna make you anxious.
    0:37:34 They know exactly which posts are gonna make you
    0:37:36 feel inadequate because that’s what’s gonna get you
    0:37:38 to stare at it the longest and be like,
    0:37:40 why don’t I have what he or she has?
    0:37:42 That’s like a really difficult trap to break.
    0:37:45 In investing, the pitfall is FOMO,
    0:37:47 it’s fear of missing out.
    0:37:48 It’s similar to social comparison.
    0:37:50 That person is getting richer than me
    0:37:53 and therefore I need to take more risks
    0:37:56 or try to copy that person in order to catch up to him.
    0:38:00 And the danger in that is that just like in gambling,
    0:38:03 everyone on social media talks about their wins,
    0:38:04 never their losses.
    0:38:06 So the people who look like they are getting
    0:38:08 so much richer than you, A, probably or not,
    0:38:11 that gets probably some sort of mirage,
    0:38:12 but because you don’t know that,
    0:38:15 you’re gonna start taking risks that you shouldn’t
    0:38:17 and can’t afford to take.
    0:38:20 In 2021, when there was like the Robinhood explosion
    0:38:23 in investing, it went supernova at that point
    0:38:26 because you had all these 19 year old people
    0:38:29 who were like, I just made $20,000 on Robinhood
    0:38:32 and you should be able to double your money every week.
    0:38:34 A, most of that was bullshit.
    0:38:36 And B, the people who looked at that said,
    0:38:39 I need to go start trading options too.
    0:38:40 And you know how that ended.
    0:38:44 For the vast majority of them, it ended in tears and losses.
    0:38:46 And so all of that is driven by FOMO,
    0:38:48 the idea that someone else is getting richer than you
    0:38:50 and you need to catch up.
    0:38:51 And so if you can break away from that
    0:38:54 and realize that there are always people
    0:38:56 who are either look like
    0:38:59 or actually are getting richer than you, and that’s fine.
    0:39:01 That’s totally fine, it’s unavoidable.
    0:39:02 You don’t need to catch them.
    0:39:03 You just need to play your own game
    0:39:06 and do what works for you is really important.
    0:39:08 – Yeah, I feel like everything that you’re saying
    0:39:10 is reminding me of this bag story from yesterday.
    0:39:12 That’s kind of why I brought it up
    0:39:14 is because at first I felt bad.
    0:39:17 I was like, man, she’s got a $6,000 bag.
    0:39:18 I worked so hard.
    0:39:19 I don’t have a $6,000 bag.
    0:39:22 And then I realized, well, I could have a $6,000 bag.
    0:39:24 These are just not my priorities.
    0:39:26 So to your point, everybody has different goal posts.
    0:39:29 And just because somebody looks like they have a lot of money,
    0:39:30 doesn’t mean like behind the curtain
    0:39:32 that they actually have much going on at all.
    0:39:34 – I would actually take it a step further
    0:39:36 with nothing to do with your sister-in-law.
    0:39:36 – Yeah, nothing.
    0:39:37 I love my sister-in-law.
    0:39:38 I’m sure she’s wonderful.
    0:39:41 – Yeah, just as an example, yeah.
    0:39:44 – When you see somebody driving a $100,000 car,
    0:39:46 the only thing you know about their finances
    0:39:48 is that they have $100,000 less
    0:39:49 than they did before they bought the car.
    0:39:51 You have no idea how much money they have.
    0:39:53 And I learned about this when I was in college.
    0:39:56 I was a valet at a nice hotel in Los Angeles.
    0:39:59 And these people would come in driving Porsches
    0:40:00 and Ferraris and Lamborghinis.
    0:40:03 And then if you get to know them and talk to them,
    0:40:05 you realize they’re actually not that successful.
    0:40:06 They just spent half of their salary
    0:40:08 on a Lamborghini lease payment.
    0:40:11 The vision that they had, the identity of,
    0:40:12 oh, this guy’s driving a Lambo.
    0:40:15 He’s clearly super successful.
    0:40:17 No, you actually don’t know that at all.
    0:40:19 And it’s the classic millionaire next door.
    0:40:21 A lot of the people who are very successful
    0:40:23 are actually driving F-150s.
    0:40:25 They’re actually driving Toyota forerunners.
    0:40:26 And you would never know it
    0:40:28 because that’s why they’re rich.
    0:40:30 It’s because they actually invested their money
    0:40:32 instead of spending it on a car they couldn’t afford.
    0:40:33 – Yeah, I love it.
    0:40:37 So related to this, you say that keeping money
    0:40:40 and getting money are two very different skills.
    0:40:43 You actually say that if you could summarize money success
    0:40:45 in a single word, it would be survival.
    0:40:48 So talk to us about how we can actually keep our money
    0:40:51 and the main ways that people tend to lose their wealth.
    0:40:53 – It’s just this idea that getting rich
    0:40:54 and staying rich are two different skills.
    0:40:56 And they’re often conflicting skills,
    0:40:59 which means it’s hard for people to do them at the same time.
    0:41:02 Getting rich requires taking a risk,
    0:41:03 being optimistic about yourself,
    0:41:05 being optimistic about the economy and the stock market.
    0:41:07 That’s what you need to get rich.
    0:41:10 And staying rich is almost like the exact opposite.
    0:41:12 You have to be a little bit paranoid,
    0:41:14 a little bit conservative, scared of risk,
    0:41:17 cognizant of risk in order to make sure
    0:41:18 that you’re not taking big enough risks
    0:41:20 to throw yourself over the edge.
    0:41:23 I think one way to summarize it is save your money
    0:41:26 like a pessimist and invest your money like an optimist.
    0:41:30 Save your money with the idea that the world is risky
    0:41:31 and dangerous and fragile.
    0:41:34 And there are always recessions and bear markets
    0:41:36 and pandemics and terrorist attacks
    0:41:39 and wars and political mess ups
    0:41:41 that you need to be able to endure financially.
    0:41:45 But if you can, if you can keep your head on straight
    0:41:46 during those periods,
    0:41:49 the rewards for those who stick around are incredible.
    0:41:52 I’ve been investing for 20 years, 2004,
    0:41:54 is about when I started investing.
    0:41:57 During that time, there has never been a single moment
    0:42:00 in which you couldn’t point to a dozen things
    0:42:02 going catastrophically wrong in the economy.
    0:42:04 Every single moment, stock market’s overvalued,
    0:42:07 companies are doing very well, unemployment’s too high,
    0:42:09 inflation’s too high, interest rates are too low.
    0:42:12 At any moment, you could have pointed to a dozen things.
    0:42:15 And during those 20 years, the stock market is up fourfold.
    0:42:17 That’s how investing works.
    0:42:19 You have to save like a pessimist
    0:42:22 to endure all of those dozen things to point at.
    0:42:24 But if you can stick around,
    0:42:26 you look back over a 20-year period and you’re like,
    0:42:28 man, I made four times my money during this period.
    0:42:29 It’s incredible.
    0:42:31 That’s always how it works.
    0:42:34 Saving like a pessimist, investing like an optimist.
    0:42:35 – So Bill Gates started Microsoft
    0:42:38 and Bill Gates actually is more of a pessimist.
    0:42:40 Talk to us about how he’s used his pessimism
    0:42:42 to set up Microsoft for success.
    0:42:43 Because even in 2023,
    0:42:46 Microsoft is a huge company that’s growing
    0:42:48 and leading the AI charge and everything like that.
    0:42:50 – Well, I think Bill Gates is the best example
    0:42:52 of someone who has gotten optimism
    0:42:54 and pessimism to coexist.
    0:42:57 Because when he started Microsoft in the ’70s,
    0:42:59 he took the most optimistic swing
    0:43:01 that any entrepreneur has ever taken.
    0:43:02 When in the ’70s, he said,
    0:43:04 every desk in the world needs a computer on it.
    0:43:08 That was the craziest idea in the world, crazy optimism.
    0:43:10 At the same time, from the day he started Microsoft
    0:43:12 to the day he left in 2000,
    0:43:16 he ran it as conservatively as you possibly could.
    0:43:18 He said he always wanted enough cash in the bank
    0:43:22 so that he could run Microsoft for one year with no revenue.
    0:43:24 Like the most pessimistic way to run a business,
    0:43:26 I think that’s why they’ve done so well.
    0:43:28 It’s not that they’re always optimistic
    0:43:29 or they’re always pessimistic.
    0:43:32 They realize that if you can survive
    0:43:34 all the uncertainty and all the upheaval,
    0:43:35 then you have a fighting chance
    0:43:38 to actually compound for 50 years as they have.
    0:43:40 And very few businesses are actually like that.
    0:43:42 If you have a very optimistic CEO,
    0:43:44 they’re like, let’s bury ourselves in debt
    0:43:46 and invest every penny that we have
    0:43:48 and swing for the fences.
    0:43:49 And nine out of 10 of those businesses
    0:43:51 are eventually gonna go bankrupt, probably pretty soon.
    0:43:54 But also if you’re too pessimistic,
    0:43:56 then those businesses become obsolete.
    0:43:58 So it’s getting both of those at the same time
    0:44:00 that is so rare.
    0:44:01 But that’s really the key to doing well
    0:44:04 over your entire career, over an entire lifetime,
    0:44:07 is getting optimism and pessimism to coexist.
    0:44:11 – We’ll be right back after a quick break from our sponsors.
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    0:45:18 – And I know that you are a strong proponent
    0:45:21 of having patience and in your book,
    0:45:23 you’ve got a chapter called “Tales You Win”.
    0:45:26 And you talk about how sometimes it’s that one Picasso painting
    0:45:28 that an art investor acquires
    0:45:30 that makes up for all the ones that they don’t.
    0:45:33 So can you give us some examples of long tail strategy
    0:45:36 and why that’s important?
    0:45:37 – The painting example is one that I love.
    0:45:41 There were all these art collectors in last 50 years
    0:45:43 and a very small number of families ended up
    0:45:45 with these ridiculous art portfolios.
    0:45:48 They had Picasso’s and Monet’s and like Renoir,
    0:45:51 like the top paintings ended up
    0:45:54 in the hands of very few number of people.
    0:45:56 How did those art collectors know
    0:45:58 what was gonna become valuable?
    0:46:00 Because when Picasso was alive in painting,
    0:46:02 he was not the Picasso who he is today.
    0:46:05 Most artists become famous after they die.
    0:46:08 How did these people know what was gonna be big?
    0:46:10 And they looked at their art portfolio
    0:46:12 and the explanation was those collectors
    0:46:14 did not know who was gonna be big.
    0:46:16 What they did is you had a couple of collectors
    0:46:18 who would go out and buy every painting
    0:46:20 they could possibly get their hands off of.
    0:46:22 With any painting was for sale, they scooped it up
    0:46:24 and they ended up with thousands
    0:46:26 or tens of thousands of paintings.
    0:46:30 And within that portfolio ended up by chance,
    0:46:33 some Picasso’s and some Monet’s and some Renoir’s,
    0:46:35 but they didn’t know in hindsight what it was gonna be
    0:46:37 or in with foresight, they didn’t know.
    0:46:40 It was only in hindsight that because they collected so many,
    0:46:43 a couple of them ended up being worth a zillion dollars.
    0:46:45 And investing is exactly the same.
    0:46:48 You have no idea which companies
    0:46:50 are gonna be the next Tesla, the next Apple,
    0:46:52 the next Amazon, nobody knows.
    0:46:55 And people who say they do know are fooling you.
    0:46:57 But if you own an index fund
    0:46:59 that owns 3,000 companies in it,
    0:47:02 then you know that whatever is gonna be the next Tesla
    0:47:04 is in there, whatever it might be.
    0:47:08 Always in investing, if you own an index of 100 companies,
    0:47:10 over a 10 year period, you’re gonna earn
    0:47:12 most of your returns from five of them.
    0:47:15 A very small portion is gonna return most of them.
    0:47:17 And since you don’t know what those five are gonna be
    0:47:20 with foresight, the best idea is just own all of them,
    0:47:22 knowing full well that whatever is gonna be the winner
    0:47:24 is gonna be in your portfolio.
    0:47:26 And that’s why you have the statistics
    0:47:29 about what percentage of active stock pickers
    0:47:32 outperform index funds, it’s very, very low.
    0:47:35 Particularly if you adjust it for fees and for taxes,
    0:47:38 over a 10 or 20 year period, it rounds to zero.
    0:47:41 Warren Buffett recently said that in his life,
    0:47:45 he’s met 10 people who thinks can consistently
    0:47:47 outperform the stock market, consistently pick
    0:47:49 the right stocks, 10 people that he’s ever met
    0:47:51 in his entire life.
    0:47:53 And everyone listening to this podcast,
    0:47:55 you are not one of them, I’m sorry to say.
    0:47:56 – Yeah, good luck.
    0:47:58 – And so I think that’s the only anecdote to that.
    0:48:01 And it’s the easiest, cheapest anecdote to that
    0:48:02 is index investing.
    0:48:03 It’s just own all of them,
    0:48:05 knowing that you’re gonna have the winners in there.
    0:48:07 – And speaking of Warren Buffett in your book,
    0:48:10 you say if he had retired at 60 years old,
    0:48:12 he might not be the Warren Buffett that we know today
    0:48:14 that’s like such, like everybody thinks of him
    0:48:15 as like the most successful investor.
    0:48:19 It’s because he’s been investing for 60 years
    0:48:20 or whatever it’s been.
    0:48:23 – Yeah, if you look at his net worth,
    0:48:26 99% of his net worth was accumulated
    0:48:28 after his 60th birthday.
    0:48:30 So he’s 93, I think he is now.
    0:48:33 And 99% of the money came after he was 60,
    0:48:36 which means that if he had retired when he was 60,
    0:48:37 like a normal person may have,
    0:48:39 if he was a billionaire when he was 60,
    0:48:40 you would have never heard of him.
    0:48:42 The whole reason he’s so successful
    0:48:44 and the whole reason he’s now a household name
    0:48:47 is because he’s been, yes, he is a good investor,
    0:48:50 but the secret is that he’s been a good investor for 80 years.
    0:48:52 And it’s just the amount of time he’s been doing it for
    0:48:54 that generates all of that money.
    0:48:56 He also started investing when he was 11 years old.
    0:48:58 That’s why he’s so successful
    0:49:02 because he’s been doing it nonstop from 11 to 93.
    0:49:04 That’s actually the biggest takeaway
    0:49:05 that ordinary people can take from him
    0:49:08 because I and you and anyone else
    0:49:10 cannot pick stocks like Warren Buffet.
    0:49:13 But can we try to emulate his patients?
    0:49:15 Is that something that we could maybe copy from him?
    0:49:18 You have a fighting chance of replicating his patients
    0:49:20 than you do replicating his intelligence.
    0:49:23 Just understanding why he’s wealthy
    0:49:25 and using that as a takeaway of what we can do
    0:49:28 and copy him at is really important.
    0:49:31 – So this is a concept that I think is from your next book
    0:49:32 that we’re gonna talk about,
    0:49:35 but what we’re talking about is reminding me of this.
    0:49:37 I know that you actually don’t really pay attention
    0:49:41 to daily news when it comes to changing your stock strategy
    0:49:43 or picking your stocks.
    0:49:45 You don’t just follow like here’s something’s hot
    0:49:46 and then buy it, right?
    0:49:49 So talk to us about how you actually decide
    0:49:51 what stocks you’re gonna invest in for the longterm.
    0:49:54 – So your last point, I keep it as simple as I can.
    0:49:56 I own Vanguard index funds.
    0:49:57 I’ve owned for a long time.
    0:49:59 It’s probably all I will own for a long time.
    0:50:02 I’m not recommending other people exactly do that.
    0:50:03 You have to figure out what works for you.
    0:50:05 And as we talked about earlier,
    0:50:07 there are definitely people for whom picking stocks
    0:50:09 is the right strategy for them,
    0:50:11 even if it’s not the best for my wife and I.
    0:50:15 But one little quirk I would say is I actually do follow
    0:50:16 financial news every day.
    0:50:18 Every day I know what the market did.
    0:50:20 I read the Wall Street Journal every day
    0:50:22 because I think it’s intellectually interesting.
    0:50:25 I think it’s a fascinating window into how people behave.
    0:50:27 But the important thing is that I don’t read
    0:50:29 the Wall Street Journal and then say,
    0:50:32 I need to go out and buy and sell these specific stocks.
    0:50:34 It doesn’t influence my behavior.
    0:50:36 I just think it’s a fascinating window
    0:50:37 into how people behave.
    0:50:40 But my personal investing strategy is as simple
    0:50:41 and basic as you could possibly be.
    0:50:44 My entire net worth is this house,
    0:50:47 a checking account, Vanguard funds,
    0:50:49 and shares of Markel where I’m on the board of directors.
    0:50:50 And that’s pretty much it.
    0:50:52 – And where do you park your cash?
    0:50:54 What’s your strategy for cash?
    0:50:57 – It’s spread out over many different accounts.
    0:50:59 And actually quite a bit of it is now in treasuries
    0:51:01 ’cause you can earn a great return there.
    0:51:03 Spread out over different bank accounts,
    0:51:05 different brokerages accounts, yeah.
    0:51:06 And the money that I have in short-term treasuries,
    0:51:08 I consider that cash.
    0:51:10 That’s cash like to me.
    0:51:11 – Mm, got it.
    0:51:13 Okay, let’s move on to your new book.
    0:51:14 It’s called “Same as Ever.”
    0:51:16 It covers a lot of the ideas
    0:51:18 that we’ve been discussing and much more.
    0:51:19 So talk to us about why you wrote this book
    0:51:22 and how it expands on your first book,
    0:51:23 “The Psychology of Money.”
    0:51:26 – So “Same as Ever” is about what never changes over time.
    0:51:28 I think in many ways, psychology of money
    0:51:31 is about the behavior of you, the individual.
    0:51:34 And “Same as Ever” is about the behavior of us, the collective.
    0:51:37 Like what do we, the collective society,
    0:51:39 keep doing over and over and over again?
    0:51:42 And I’ve always been a student of, I think, two things.
    0:51:44 One is investing and the other is history.
    0:51:46 I like the intersection of that.
    0:51:47 Like investing history and economic history
    0:51:49 have always been so fascinated in.
    0:51:52 And one of the things that will really stick out
    0:51:54 when you’re studying any kind of history
    0:51:56 is it’s really interesting to see
    0:51:58 what has changed over time.
    0:52:00 What do people used to do that they don’t anymore?
    0:52:01 That’s interesting.
    0:52:04 But to me, way more interesting and way more common
    0:52:06 is when you see what has not changed at all.
    0:52:09 And when you’re studying the history of Americans
    0:52:11 a hundred years ago or Europeans a thousand years ago
    0:52:14 or Chinese 5,000 years ago,
    0:52:16 you see all these kinds of behaviors
    0:52:19 that would fit in perfectly today
    0:52:20 that have not changed whatsoever.
    0:52:24 So how people respond to greed and fear
    0:52:27 and uncertainty and opportunity,
    0:52:30 that is the same today in the United States
    0:52:33 as it was in any culture a thousand years ago.
    0:52:34 And it hasn’t changed at all.
    0:52:35 And because of that,
    0:52:38 we know that it’s gonna be part of our future
    0:52:40 for the rest of our lives.
    0:52:41 And a lot of why I wrote this book
    0:52:43 was because I kind of got disgruntled
    0:52:46 at how bad we were as an industry
    0:52:48 at predicting what’s gonna happen next,
    0:52:50 predicting the next recession, the next bear market.
    0:52:51 Nobody can do it.
    0:52:54 Nobody has any ability to do it.
    0:52:56 And so with that, you can either say,
    0:52:57 nobody knows anything,
    0:52:58 don’t even try to predict.
    0:52:59 No one has a clue,
    0:53:00 just kind of become a cynic about it.
    0:53:02 Or you can say, okay,
    0:53:04 we don’t know what’s gonna change,
    0:53:06 but we do know what’s not going to change.
    0:53:09 We do know what behaviors are gonna be part of our future
    0:53:11 regardless of where the future goes.
    0:53:13 So let’s put all of our emphasis on that.
    0:53:17 And so same as ever is 23 very short little stories
    0:53:19 about little facets of human behavior
    0:53:22 that I think have always been with us and always will be.
    0:53:24 And no matter where your future goes
    0:53:26 or where society’s future goes,
    0:53:28 you know that these little bits that I write about
    0:53:30 are gonna be part of the story.
    0:53:32 – I love you have it in your book that you say,
    0:53:35 if you travel 500 years back or 500 years forward,
    0:53:38 the world will look much different in terms of technology
    0:53:39 and medicine and even language,
    0:53:43 but human behavior doesn’t change much over time.
    0:53:45 It’s so fascinating, it’s so true.
    0:53:48 It takes I think thousands and thousands of years
    0:53:50 for us to like our brain biologically
    0:53:52 to actually change or evolve.
    0:53:55 So we’re the same human that we were
    0:53:58 thousands of years ago, even though so much has changed.
    0:53:59 And one of the things that doesn’t go away
    0:54:01 for humans is risk, right?
    0:54:03 This is something that we’re gonna enjoy
    0:54:06 till the end of time is this concept of risk.
    0:54:08 And we touched about risk a little bit earlier,
    0:54:10 but in your book, you write the biggest risk
    0:54:13 is always what nobody sees coming.
    0:54:16 So talk to us about these blind risks.
    0:54:18 – There’s a great financial advisor named Carl Richards
    0:54:19 who has this quote, one of those quotes
    0:54:22 that just knocked me off my feet.
    0:54:24 The quote is, risk is what is left over
    0:54:26 when you think you’ve thought of everything.
    0:54:29 So you can spend all day trying to predict the next risks
    0:54:32 in your personal life or in the economy and for society.
    0:54:34 And that’s great, you should do that.
    0:54:36 But then when you are done with that exercise,
    0:54:38 the thing that is not on the list
    0:54:41 is what’s actually the biggest risks that you’re gonna face.
    0:54:44 So think about what the biggest risks we’ve dealt with
    0:54:47 in the United States over the past couple of generations.
    0:54:51 Pearl Harbor, September 11th and COVID
    0:54:54 are probably the three biggest societal shocks
    0:54:55 that we’ve dealt with in America.
    0:54:58 And the common denominator of all three of those
    0:55:01 is that nobody, certainly no ordinary Americans
    0:55:04 saw those coming until the day that they happened.
    0:55:06 In all those situations, there was no economic outlook.
    0:55:08 There was no analyst forecast.
    0:55:11 There’s nobody on the news warning you about these things
    0:55:14 that in one day utterly transformed the world
    0:55:15 that you lived in.
    0:55:17 And so the biggest risk is what you didn’t see coming.
    0:55:19 And the fact that people didn’t see coming
    0:55:20 is what made it dangerous
    0:55:23 because they were not prepared emotionally,
    0:55:25 financially, logistically,
    0:55:27 they were not prepared for these things to happen.
    0:55:31 So when they hit, it was like red alert, what do we do now?
    0:55:31 And it’s always like that.
    0:55:34 I think in any given year, it is like that.
    0:55:37 What is the biggest worldwide news story in 2023?
    0:55:39 It’s probably, I hope it’s gonna end up,
    0:55:40 hopefully nothing bigger than it happens,
    0:55:42 will be Israel and Hamas,
    0:55:44 will be the biggest story of 2023.
    0:55:46 Of course, there has been tensions to say the least
    0:55:48 in that region for literally thousands of years.
    0:55:52 But how many people in January of 2023 predicted
    0:55:54 that that would be the biggest news story?
    0:55:56 Maybe there were some people who were on the ground
    0:55:57 and had a greater sense,
    0:55:59 but by and large, ordinary people watching the news,
    0:56:01 it was not on the radar whatsoever.
    0:56:03 Same with in 2019,
    0:56:05 if you were looking at the biggest risk for 2020,
    0:56:07 nobody said a viral pandemic
    0:56:09 that’s gonna close down the schools.
    0:56:10 Nobody said that.
    0:56:12 2001, nobody sees 9/11 coming.
    0:56:14 You can play that game all day long.
    0:56:15 And so because of that,
    0:56:18 you can state with a lot of confidence
    0:56:20 that the biggest risk over the next year
    0:56:23 and over the next 10 years is something that you and I
    0:56:25 and none of us are even thinking about.
    0:56:26 ‘Cause it’s always been like that.
    0:56:28 – To your point, I’m Palestinian
    0:56:29 and I didn’t even see it coming.
    0:56:32 I was just like, wait, what happened?
    0:56:35 These big stories, they blow you away by surprise.
    0:56:38 How can we prepare for these risks?
    0:56:39 If we don’t know what they’re gonna be,
    0:56:42 how can we prepare accordingly?
    0:56:44 – By definition, you can’t.
    0:56:47 But that in itself, that realization
    0:56:49 and that mindset is really powerful in itself
    0:56:52 because you stop pretending that you can predict.
    0:56:53 There’s this great quote from Nassin Talab
    0:56:55 where he says, “Invest in preparedness
    0:56:57 and not in prediction.”
    0:56:59 So one way that I think about that is,
    0:57:01 think about earthquakes in California.
    0:57:03 California knows that there is gonna be
    0:57:04 a major earthquake in the future.
    0:57:06 But everybody also knows that you can’t predict
    0:57:08 when it’s gonna come.
    0:57:10 It’s impossible to predict what day it’s gonna happen
    0:57:11 or what year it’s gonna happen.
    0:57:14 So because of that, you’re just always prepared.
    0:57:16 They build buildings that can withstand it
    0:57:17 no matter when it comes.
    0:57:19 They don’t like, oh, an earthquake is gonna come
    0:57:21 in December, so let’s retrofit the buildings then.
    0:57:23 You’re always prepared for it.
    0:57:25 And I think that’s how you should think about
    0:57:28 economic risks, recessions and bear markets and job losses.
    0:57:30 You have no idea when it’s gonna come.
    0:57:34 So don’t try to think, oh, once you see a recession coming,
    0:57:35 then you’ll start to save money.
    0:57:37 No, it could happen tomorrow.
    0:57:38 So always be prepared for it.
    0:57:41 I think that idea of having expectations
    0:57:44 instead of forecasts is the only way to really survive
    0:57:46 in that world where risk is what you don’t see.
    0:57:47 Yeah, that makes sense.
    0:57:50 And another key concept that you talk about
    0:57:54 in terms of human behavior is pushing too far too fast.
    0:57:56 Now, you say that this is something people do in investing.
    0:57:59 You say it’s also something people do with their companies.
    0:58:01 So can you talk to us about that?
    0:58:03 Yeah, whenever you have something good,
    0:58:05 you have an investing strategy that works
    0:58:07 or a company that’s going well,
    0:58:10 the very normal knee-jerk reaction is great.
    0:58:11 Let’s make it go faster.
    0:58:12 Let’s make it bigger. Yeah, let’s milk it.
    0:58:14 Let’s milk it. Let’s push it as hard as you can.
    0:58:16 You do it with noble intentions.
    0:58:18 You’re like, I don’t want to leave money on the table.
    0:58:22 If I have this golden goose, let’s keep milking the goose.
    0:58:23 It happens all the time.
    0:58:25 Like in investing, people who are doing well
    0:58:27 start using leverage or they start making bigger bets,
    0:58:29 more concentrated bets.
    0:58:30 In businesses, when it’s going well,
    0:58:32 it’s like let’s raise more money and grow faster,
    0:58:34 faster, faster, faster.
    0:58:38 And it is such a common story that those investors,
    0:58:40 those entrepreneurs, or even in your own individual career,
    0:58:44 you eventually realize that there was a natural speed limit
    0:58:45 to what you’re doing.
    0:58:46 And if you go over the speed limit,
    0:58:47 you’re going to get in trouble.
    0:58:50 And you only know where that speed limit is in hindsight
    0:58:51 when you’ve gone past it
    0:58:53 and you get a speeding ticket, so to speak.
    0:58:55 And so you see this with every successful business.
    0:58:59 The example I use in the book was Starbucks 15 years ago.
    0:59:00 And maybe those people don’t remember this now,
    0:59:03 but there was a period in the early and mid-2000s
    0:59:06 where Starbucks was opening a new store
    0:59:09 on every street corner like every couple of hours.
    0:59:11 It was just like this absolute proliferation
    0:59:12 of Starbucks stores.
    0:59:15 And because of it, the quality of the coffee
    0:59:17 and of the food plunged.
    0:59:20 The company’s only goal was to grow, grow, grow, grow, grow,
    0:59:23 and the quality of the stores just disintegrated.
    0:59:26 And Starbucks had a really rough period because of that.
    0:59:27 And in hindsight, they talked about, they’re like,
    0:59:30 look, the natural growth rate
    0:59:33 that we could sustain the quality of the product,
    0:59:36 we way exceeded, we pushed it way too hard.
    0:59:37 And because of that, the business broke
    0:59:38 for a period of time.
    0:59:40 There’s so many examples of that,
    0:59:42 of like you have a good legitimate business
    0:59:45 that is working and customers love you and they will pay you.
    0:59:47 But if you try to take that and just say,
    0:59:49 let’s try to make it go twice as fast,
    0:59:50 it’s probably gonna break.
    0:59:53 So understanding the natural speed limit
    0:59:55 and size of whatever you’re doing
    0:59:58 is a really critical aspect of what you are doing.
    1:00:00 – Any guidance for us to understand like,
    1:00:03 hey, this is a red flag that I’m pushing too hard
    1:00:05 and that I should just calm down a bit
    1:00:07 with what I’m doing?
    1:00:08 – Let’s use the Starbucks example.
    1:00:10 The reason people love Starbucks
    1:00:13 was not necessarily because it was on every corner.
    1:00:16 It was because they liked the quality, the food,
    1:00:17 they liked the taste.
    1:00:21 And once your ability to scale takes precedence over that,
    1:00:23 then you know exactly what’s gonna happen.
    1:00:25 So understanding, I think this is such a basic comment,
    1:00:26 but it’s so easy to overlook.
    1:00:29 Understanding why you are successful
    1:00:30 is the key to doing this.
    1:00:31 And a lot of people,
    1:00:34 they don’t actually understand why consumers like them
    1:00:36 or why their boss appreciates them.
    1:00:38 And because of that, they overlook
    1:00:39 what is actually needed to keep this going.
    1:00:42 And once you have an honest assessment of customers
    1:00:44 like me because of X,
    1:00:46 then you realize any deviation away from that.
    1:00:48 And of course you’re gonna lose
    1:00:50 what made you special in to begin with.
    1:00:52 I don’t think it’s any more complicated than that.
    1:00:53 – Yeah, I think that’s great advice
    1:00:56 for all the entrepreneurs tuning in.
    1:00:58 So something else that you talk about in the book is stress.
    1:01:01 You said that stress focuses your attention
    1:01:03 in ways that good times can’t.
    1:01:06 Talk to us about why stress sometimes can be a good thing.
    1:01:08 – We look back historically,
    1:01:11 the biggest periods of innovation
    1:01:14 and new technology and productivity growth,
    1:01:17 without exception happened during periods
    1:01:20 when the world was on fire, so to speak.
    1:01:23 Like the most productive economic decade
    1:01:25 that’s ever occurred is the 1930s
    1:01:26 during the Great Depression,
    1:01:28 when the economy was the biggest train wreck
    1:01:30 it had ever been.
    1:01:32 Because every business in America woke up
    1:01:34 and they’re like, if we don’t find ways
    1:01:37 to get more productive and get our act together,
    1:01:39 we’re gonna go out of business tomorrow.
    1:01:42 And that as a motivator, that fear as a motivator
    1:01:45 creates the biggest productivity boom we’ve ever had.
    1:01:48 The other was World War II and the Cold War.
    1:01:52 The incentive to figure things out was so extreme
    1:01:54 because if we didn’t figure things out,
    1:01:57 Adolf Hitler was gonna control the world next year.
    1:02:01 And that kind of incentive created this technology boom
    1:02:03 of the likes the world has never seen.
    1:02:05 What do we get out of World War II?
    1:02:09 We got nuclear energy, rockets, jets, penicillin,
    1:02:13 microwaves, radar, eventually with the Cold War satellites,
    1:02:16 all of these things that benefit you and I today
    1:02:19 that happen specifically because of the stress
    1:02:21 and anxiety of the war.
    1:02:22 And you can maybe able to say this with COVID
    1:02:26 in hindsight too, like as tragic and deadly as it is,
    1:02:30 if it unleashes the scientific boom as it has
    1:02:32 that maybe 20 years from now is gonna benefit us
    1:02:34 in ways that we can’t even fathom today.
    1:02:38 Using the phrase silver lining to COVID is a step too far
    1:02:40 ’cause it’s killed like 10 million people.
    1:02:41 Not say like, oh, that’s a great thing.
    1:02:43 But it’s always the case that you look back
    1:02:45 and you’re like, hey, despite that tragedy,
    1:02:49 we got this incredible new innovation because of it
    1:02:51 that’s making life so much better today.
    1:02:54 So everybody wants a world in which everything goes great
    1:02:57 and there’s no uncertainty, there’s no bad times.
    1:02:59 Of course that sounds like a great world,
    1:03:03 but in that world, the incentive to improve
    1:03:04 would diminish greatly.
    1:03:06 And it’s always the stress
    1:03:08 that creates the biggest improvements.
    1:03:11 – I love this concept because it’s so true.
    1:03:14 Constraints, deadlines, even if you think
    1:03:15 about your own self, if you know
    1:03:17 that you have a deadline tomorrow,
    1:03:19 your procrastination releases
    1:03:21 and you can just get your shit done
    1:03:23 because you know the deadline is tomorrow.
    1:03:25 It really helps you become more creative,
    1:03:28 helps you step on the gas in terms of completing
    1:03:28 whatever you need to complete.
    1:03:30 So what you’re saying totally makes sense
    1:03:33 in terms of big disasters in the world
    1:03:36 and how it can actually foster lots of innovation
    1:03:38 and creativity ’cause our backs are against what
    1:03:41 we basically have no choice but to get it done now.
    1:03:42 – Yeah, I think for writing books,
    1:03:46 one of the biggest benefits that a publisher provides
    1:03:47 is a deadline.
    1:03:48 It’s not necessarily that they’re gonna help you write
    1:03:50 the book, so to speak, but they’re gonna tell you
    1:03:52 you have to turn in your manuscript on this date
    1:03:55 and that will get your ass in gear.
    1:03:57 – Okay, so one of the last ones I’m gonna ask you
    1:03:58 about this book is incentives.
    1:04:01 So you’ve got a chapter in it in your book
    1:04:03 where you quote Benjamin Franklin who once said,
    1:04:07 “If you would persuade appeal to interest and not to reason.”
    1:04:10 So talk to us about incentives, what we need to watch out for
    1:04:13 in terms of how incentives can trick us
    1:04:15 into doing things that we already know are wrong.
    1:04:17 – I think there are, it’s very often the case,
    1:04:19 not always, this is not black and white,
    1:04:21 but it’s often the case that if you see somebody
    1:04:25 doing something that you find morally wrong
    1:04:27 or there’s just something that you disagree with,
    1:04:29 you are probably underestimating the odds
    1:04:31 that you would do that exact same thing
    1:04:33 if you had their incentives.
    1:04:35 And I saw this firsthand during the financial crisis
    1:04:39 of 2008 when a lot of Americans rightly pointed
    1:04:41 at Wall Street bankers and said those greedy,
    1:04:44 bastard bankers who ruin the economy.
    1:04:46 And maybe that was not necessarily the wrong criticism,
    1:04:48 but I think what people overlooked is that
    1:04:51 if you worked at Bear Stearns in 2006,
    1:04:54 and they said, “Hey, package these subprime bonds
    1:04:56 “and we’ll give you a $6 million bonus,”
    1:04:57 you would have done it too.
    1:04:58 You would have done the exact same thing
    1:05:01 if you had that incentive dangled in front of your face.
    1:05:04 And so I think we underestimate the boundaries
    1:05:06 of our morality when we don’t understand
    1:05:07 the power of our incentives.
    1:05:11 Everyone thinks, “Oh, my moral boundaries are right here.”
    1:05:12 But if you had different incentives, you’d be like,
    1:05:14 “Oh, maybe I can shift them out a little bit.”
    1:05:16 And you don’t even know you’re doing it, it’s subconscious.
    1:05:19 Everyone is so influenced by these incentives.
    1:05:23 And at every level, when you’re looking at World War II,
    1:05:26 how could the Germans possibly have acted like this?
    1:05:30 I think when you look into what the 1930s were like for them,
    1:05:31 the incentives, the incentives to go along with it,
    1:05:33 the incentives to not want to be an outsider,
    1:05:35 the incentives to do what you’re told,
    1:05:37 it’s not to justify anything in the slightest.
    1:05:39 But if you were looking for an answer
    1:05:42 of how can people do that thing,
    1:05:43 whatever that thing would be,
    1:05:45 in business, in wars, whatever it be,
    1:05:47 the answer is usually some sort of incentives.
    1:05:49 And it’s not even a financial incentive.
    1:05:52 There are social incentives, there are tribal incentives,
    1:05:55 there are political incentives to do things
    1:05:57 that you would otherwise find repugnant,
    1:05:59 but you do it because the incentives push you to do it.
    1:06:01 – That’s super insightful.
    1:06:04 The last question I’m gonna ask you about your book
    1:06:05 in terms of a concept is you talk about
    1:06:08 permanent and expiring information.
    1:06:11 And I love the distinction that you draw between these two.
    1:06:13 And I hope today’s interview is gonna be
    1:06:15 permanent information for our listeners,
    1:06:16 but can you explain what you mean
    1:06:18 between the difference of the two?
    1:06:20 – I mean, one way, as someone who writes books,
    1:06:22 I’d say one of the best advice that I’ve ever heard
    1:06:24 is if you wanna write a book that people
    1:06:26 will read 20 years from now,
    1:06:29 write a book that people would have read 20 years ago.
    1:06:32 Make sure that what you’re writing about is timeless.
    1:06:34 And I think we can say that about this podcast.
    1:06:36 I think if we had a time machine
    1:06:39 and someone listened to this podcast in 2003,
    1:06:41 99% of what we said would be relevant.
    1:06:44 So you have to understand what kind of information
    1:06:46 is expiring if you’re watching the stock market.
    1:06:49 Oh, Microsoft missed quarterly earnings
    1:06:50 by one penny per share.
    1:06:52 Like that’s expiring information.
    1:06:53 I’m not gonna say it’s irrelevant,
    1:06:55 but it’s expiring as a shelf life.
    1:06:57 But if you’re talking about how people respond
    1:06:59 to greed and fear, that’s permanent.
    1:07:00 That never changes.
    1:07:02 And that will be as relevant 20 years from now
    1:07:03 as it is today.
    1:07:05 So you should put more of your emphasis
    1:07:08 in learning permanent skills,
    1:07:09 knowing that they’re gonna stick around
    1:07:12 rather than drowning yourself in expiring information
    1:07:15 that might be relevant for a week or maybe even a year,
    1:07:17 but it has the shelf life of something
    1:07:18 that’s gonna expire.
    1:07:20 I totally agree with that.
    1:07:22 Well, Morgan, thank you so much for your time today.
    1:07:23 I feel like this podcast was filled
    1:07:27 with so much timeless wisdom about finances.
    1:07:28 So I end my show with two questions
    1:07:30 that we ask all of our guests.
    1:07:32 The first one is what is one actionable thing
    1:07:34 our young and profitors can do today
    1:07:36 to be more profitable tomorrow?
    1:07:39 – Go out of your way to define your game
    1:07:42 and realizing that your game might be very different
    1:07:45 from your coworkers game, even your co-founders game,
    1:07:47 your siblings game, everyone is different.
    1:07:50 And don’t assume that because society tells you
    1:07:51 that you should have X,
    1:07:53 that that’s actually what you should be chasing.
    1:07:56 – Back to the goalposts we were talking about before.
    1:07:58 What is your goalpost, young and profitors?
    1:08:00 And what is your secret to profiting in life?
    1:08:03 And this can go beyond business and finance.
    1:08:07 – Realizing that there are probably 10 people in life
    1:08:09 who I want to love me.
    1:08:12 My wife, my kids, my parents, maybe three friends.
    1:08:14 And it’s not that I don’t care
    1:08:15 about the opinions of anyone else,
    1:08:17 but I think it’s really helpful
    1:08:19 to have people in your life who you don’t want to disappoint.
    1:08:21 Just a few people who are, it’s like,
    1:08:23 that’s Yatsu Northstar.
    1:08:24 And like, am I doing this for the benefit
    1:08:26 of those 10 people?
    1:08:28 Would they be proud of me?
    1:08:30 Is this going to help my relationship with them?
    1:08:33 I think it’s just a very strong guiding light.
    1:08:34 What really matters?
    1:08:36 And if you’re on your deathbed,
    1:08:38 are you going to care about your net worth
    1:08:39 or the square footage of your house?
    1:08:43 Or are you going to be proud that you are a good spouse?
    1:08:45 You were a good parent, you were a good friend,
    1:08:46 you helped your community?
    1:08:48 Like it’s obvious what’s going to be more important to you.
    1:08:50 So like, let’s keep that as the focus.
    1:08:52 – I love that, that’s great advice.
    1:08:53 Well, Morgan, thank you so much
    1:08:56 for joining us on Young and Profiting Podcast.
    1:08:57 – Thanks so much for having me.
    1:09:00 (upbeat music)
    1:09:03 (upbeat music)
    1:09:05 (upbeat music)
    1:09:08 (upbeat music)
    1:09:11 [MUSIC PLAYING]

    Morgan Housel made his first investment at 18, putting $1,000 into a certificate of deposit at his local bank. When he started earning interest on that saving, he was hooked. He dove into books on finance, investing, and wealth building, eventually becoming a financial columnist for The Motley Fool and The Wall Street Journal. In today’s episode, Morgan shares why he thinks personal finance is more like psychology than physics, some of the common emotional pitfalls that can derail your financial planning, and much more.

    In this episode, Hala and Morgan will discuss:

    (00:00) Introduction

    (05:49) Early Financial Experiences

    (09:05) The Life-Changing Ski Accident

    (16:17) Career at Motley Fool and Transition

    (18:07) Writing and Publishing Books

    (28:30) The Psychology of Money

    (32:09) Personal Financial Philosophy

    (36:53) The Purpose of Money

    (38:40) Emotional Pitfalls in Personal Finance and Investing

    (42:39) The Art of Keeping Wealth

    (44:40) Balancing Optimism and Pessimism in Business

    (51:21) The Long Tail Strategy in Investing

    (54:10) The Importance of Patience in Investing

    (01:00:10) Preparing for Unseen Risks

    (01:07:08) The Role of Stress and Incentives in Success

    (01:12:05) Permanent vs. Expiring Information

    Morgan Housel is a partner at The Collaborative Fund. He’s the author of the bestselling book The Psychology of Money. He is a two-time winner of the Best in Business Award from the Society of American Business Editors and Writers, and winner of the New York Times Sidney Award. In 2022, MarketWatch named him one of the 50 most influential people in markets. He serves on the board of directors at Markel. 

    Resources Mentioned: 

    Morgan’s Podcast: youngandprofiting.co/3ELHGYl

    Morgan’s Book, Same as Ever: youngandprofiting.co/4jZGalU 

    Morgan’s Book, The Psychology of Money: youngandprofiting.co/4gIFP3U 

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    Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Podcast, Business, Business podcast, Self Improvement, Self-Improvement, Personal development, Starting a Business, Strategy, Investing, Sales, Selling, Psychology, Productivity, Entrepreneurs, AI, Artificial Intelligence, Technology, Marketing, Negotiation, Money, Finance, Side hustle, Mental Health, Career, Leadership, Mindset, Health, Growth Mindset, Finance, Personal Finance, Scalability, Investment, Financial Freedom, Risk Management, Business Coaching, Finance Podcast, Finance, Financial, Personal Finance, Stock Market, Scalability, Investment, Risk Management, Financial Planning, Business Coaching, Finance podcast, Investing, Saving

  • Moment 200: Love Expert Reveals Why 80% Of Modern Relationships Fail

    中文
    Tiếng Việt
    AI transcript
    0:00:03 (upbeat music)
    0:00:05 – Our relationships, you know,
    0:00:08 I think we all certainly I think I have for much of my life.
    0:00:11 And I say that because I look at my actions.
    0:00:13 So what I might say is different
    0:00:14 to how I think I’ve behaved over the last,
    0:00:16 I don’t know, 10, 15 years.
    0:00:18 We see them as kind of an afterthought
    0:00:20 to everything else in many regards.
    0:00:23 So the amount of effort I put into my businesses
    0:00:26 and to the podcast and to every little detail,
    0:00:28 the creativity, the thought, the brainstorming,
    0:00:30 all of that, relationships,
    0:00:33 we kind of all just think they just happen.
    0:00:34 And if it doesn’t happen perfectly,
    0:00:36 then it’s broken and I need to find a new one.
    0:00:41 – Yeah, that’s a terrible way to think.
    0:00:44 I mean, and everybody knows it.
    0:00:47 If you give the best of yourself at work,
    0:00:49 if you bring the leftovers home,
    0:00:51 if when you come home, you say, I’ve given everything I had,
    0:00:54 now I’m just putting my feet on the table.
    0:00:55 I just need to chill.
    0:00:57 I don’t want to make any effort.
    0:01:01 You know, slowly your relationship degrades, period.
    0:01:04 And then there’s all kinds of ways it ends.
    0:01:07 None of them are particularly joyful.
    0:01:11 And basically, if people were able to put
    0:01:15 a little bit of creativity, attention, attention
    0:01:18 into their relationships,
    0:01:22 as they do with their customers or their guests,
    0:01:24 relationships would be doing a lot better
    0:01:27 and my profession would be seeing a lot less people.
    0:01:28 And there’s no doubt.
    0:01:32 And why are people so lazy, so complacent,
    0:01:37 so unimaginative with their relationships at home?
    0:01:40 I mean, I see so many people when you like here,
    0:01:43 you know, you’re not taking out your phone.
    0:01:44 You’re not, you’re looking at me,
    0:01:46 you’re paying attention on occasion,
    0:01:48 you look for your questions and where we go.
    0:01:51 But basically, you’re with me.
    0:01:56 But at home, if you do this or this.
    0:01:57 I’m looking at my phone.
    0:02:01 You know, and then when the person tells you
    0:02:05 something really important, you go, uh-huh, uh-huh.
    0:02:08 You know, and you’re kind of there, but not present.
    0:02:10 And that’s the beginning of a kind
    0:02:12 of modern loneliness, actually.
    0:02:14 Is that this idea that you can share something
    0:02:19 really important to someone who is half there, half there.
    0:02:21 And I think that that’s what’s happening
    0:02:23 with a lot of younger people these days,
    0:02:27 is that they experience a lot of half there-ness.
    0:02:31 And that begins to cultivate a real sense of loneliness
    0:02:34 that has to do not with, I’m physically alone,
    0:02:36 that has to do with, do I matter?
    0:02:37 Who hears me?
    0:02:38 Who cares?
    0:02:40 Who pays attention?
    0:02:42 Who notices?
    0:02:48 You know, so I, I, sometimes the advice is very banal.
    0:02:49 You know, it’s to tell people,
    0:02:51 put your freaking phone down.
    0:02:54 Take an hour and put your phone down.
    0:02:55 And-
    0:02:56 – But I’m busy.
    0:02:56 – Huh?
    0:02:57 – But I’m busy.
    0:03:02 – Well, you will be busy and there won’t be a relationship.
    0:03:03 Sooner or later, there won’t be a relationship.
    0:03:05 It’s not difficult.
    0:03:07 You can wait, you can wait for the kids to grow up,
    0:03:09 if there are kids involved, etc.
    0:03:13 But in the end, it, it, there isn’t.
    0:03:16 – Just because someone was on their phone.
    0:03:17 – Well, it’s not just on the phone.
    0:03:21 It’s on the phone means I am continuously saying
    0:03:23 something is more important than you.
    0:03:25 We come last.
    0:03:27 We’re a cactus.
    0:03:28 We don’t need to be watered.
    0:03:30 We can survive in the desert.
    0:03:35 It’s called, there’s a term I’ve been using for this
    0:03:37 that is, I borrow from something else.
    0:03:39 It’s called ambiguous loss.
    0:03:40 Have you ever heard of this term?
    0:03:42 – Ambiguous loss?
    0:03:42 – Yeah.
    0:03:43 – No.
    0:03:45 – Ambiguous loss is a term that was developed
    0:03:48 by a colleague, Pauline Boss, a wonderful psychologist.
    0:03:52 When she talked about what happens when you have some
    0:03:56 a parent, for example, that has Alzheimer’s.
    0:04:00 They are physically present, but they are psychologically gone.
    0:04:02 They’re emotionally absent.
    0:04:04 And you can’t really mourn them
    0:04:06 because they’re still physically there,
    0:04:08 but you’re caught in this in-between,
    0:04:11 in this ambiguous loss.
    0:04:15 On the other side, you can have somebody who is deployed,
    0:04:18 hostage, miscarriage.
    0:04:21 They are emotionally very present,
    0:04:24 but they are physically absent.
    0:04:27 In both cases, it’s an ambiguous loss.
    0:04:30 You can’t, are they still there or are they gone?
    0:04:32 Who knows?
    0:04:34 When we live with this phone thing,
    0:04:37 when we are, because you’ve been at work,
    0:04:39 you’ve been at the computer, you come home,
    0:04:42 you think, I’m so happy to finally let go of the computer,
    0:04:44 you turn on the TV, you turn on the TV,
    0:04:46 and then you turn on the phone at the same time.
    0:04:47 You’re watching here, you’re watching there,
    0:04:49 and there’s a person next to you.
    0:04:53 And most likely, they often do the same thing in the end too.
    0:04:59 And gradually, there is less and less of a thread
    0:05:01 of conversation, of connection, of joy, of sex,
    0:05:04 of intimacy, all of what, you know.
    0:05:07 That becomes ambiguous loss.
    0:05:10 Somebody is there, but they’re not really present.
    0:05:15 I’m, you know, is there a difference between me and the sofa?
    0:05:19 It’s comfy.
    0:05:21 It’s routine, you sit on me.
    0:05:24 But comfy and routine does do not give us joy,
    0:05:30 or meaning, or relevance, or connection.
    0:05:34 And that’s what we still seem to want.
    0:05:37 So it means saying to people, you know,
    0:05:40 it’s actually not very, very complicated.
    0:05:42 What did people do for centuries?
    0:05:44 They took walks.
    0:05:47 That’s one of the few times you can’t click.
    0:05:50 So take a walk.
    0:05:53 Don’t sit, don’t try to do, you know,
    0:05:56 take a walk around the block and just be in motion.
    0:05:59 Then you’re parallel, you know, it’s not face to face,
    0:06:03 it’s side by side, and you can talk about the day.
    0:06:06 If you, instead of just saying, stop, stop, stop,
    0:06:09 you just said, you know, let’s go for a walk.
    0:06:11 It’s London, but still you can, you know,
    0:06:14 and you do half an hour walk.
    0:06:17 It will, you’ll come back to me
    0:06:19 and you tell me what it will do.
    0:06:22 But it’s amazing how these small interventions
    0:06:27 that are playful, creative, not digging
    0:06:31 change the dynamic of the relationship.
    0:06:36 Because she is only pursuing you in part
    0:06:39 because of how much you are withdrawing.
    0:06:43 You change, she change.
    0:06:46 If you want to change the other, change yourself.
    0:06:50 Once you understood the figure eight
    0:06:53 and how we create the other, you understand that
    0:06:55 if you do something else, sooner or later,
    0:06:56 they do something else too.
    0:06:58 So if you want to change the other, change you.
    0:07:02 This is part of the question you asked me, right?
    0:07:03 What are some of the essentials,
    0:07:06 understandings of working with relational systems?
    0:07:08 This is true at work, in companies.
    0:07:10 This is true in intimate relationships.
    0:07:12 This is not just for romantic love.
    0:07:15 This is foundations of relational systems.
    0:07:19 Feedback loop, it’s called in cybernetics.
    0:07:23 – So many busy couples can feel the spark
    0:07:25 in their relationship waning away slowly,
    0:07:30 but work isn’t necessarily the first place you look.
    0:07:32 Like pulling out the phone at dinner
    0:07:34 isn’t necessarily the place people look
    0:07:36 because that seems so small.
    0:07:37 So they aim at bigger things.
    0:07:41 They’ll say, I don’t know, something bigger.
    0:07:43 But do you believe, are you saying that you believe
    0:07:45 a lot of it, much of it often starts
    0:07:47 with those small moments of disconnection
    0:07:49 where the person basically ends up becoming the sofa?
    0:07:52 – The Godman’s called them bids for connection.
    0:07:53 – Bids for connection. – Bids.
    0:07:55 You know, it’s the little things.
    0:07:58 It’s the difference between turning towards someone
    0:08:00 or turning away.
    0:08:02 You know, when you read something,
    0:08:04 there’s a classic example they give.
    0:08:05 Do you read something?
    0:08:07 Do you actually say, hey, did you read this?
    0:08:09 Let me send you this article.
    0:08:11 That’s a bid for connection.
    0:08:13 It’s not a big declaration,
    0:08:15 but it says, we’re in this together.
    0:08:17 When I see something that’s interesting
    0:08:20 that I think you would like to read as well,
    0:08:21 I share it with you.
    0:08:22 I’m thinking of you.
    0:08:25 I know you exist even if I’m not with you.
    0:08:27 – Do you know what my partner said to me something
    0:08:29 about a year ago and we stayed with me
    0:08:31 ’cause I thought that’s such a strange thing to say.
    0:08:36 She said to me, when we were in conflict resolution,
    0:08:38 so we were talking about things,
    0:08:41 she said, you know, when I send you things on Instagram,
    0:08:44 in Instagram DMs, like I’ll be out here now in New York.
    0:08:46 So she’ll, if she sees something interesting on Instagram,
    0:08:47 she sends it to me.
    0:08:50 She goes, you’ve stopped acknowledging it.
    0:08:52 I used to just like double tap on it or make a comment back.
    0:08:55 She goes, you’ve stopped, you stopped acknowledging it.
    0:08:57 And I thought, why does that matter?
    0:08:59 Why does it, like you send me something,
    0:09:02 I watch the funny video, I crack on with my day.
    0:09:07 – Because it’s like when you receive a birthday gift,
    0:09:08 do you think?
    0:09:08 – Yeah.
    0:09:10 – When you buy a birthday gift,
    0:09:11 is it important to give it?
    0:09:12 – Yeah.
    0:09:13 – Okay, that’s reason.
    0:09:19 I mean, how would she know that you watched it
    0:09:20 if there is no acknowledgement?
    0:09:24 And the acknowledgement is not about the video or the DM.
    0:09:27 The acknowledgement is we share something.
    0:09:29 – Well, it’s even worse ’cause it says seen on Instagram.
    0:09:31 So it says that I’ve seen it.
    0:09:35 – Yes, but the seen it means that I have seen the video.
    0:09:40 The acknowledgement is we are part of a thread.
    0:09:41 We’re connected.
    0:09:43 She’s absolutely right.
    0:09:45 So in that sense, when the people lose the spark,
    0:09:47 it is a lot of these small details
    0:09:51 that people say so much in the beginning, you know,
    0:09:53 all the positive stuff that people lose.
    0:09:58 And it’s actually only more important with time
    0:10:02 rather than less important with time.
    0:10:03 The death of a relationship
    0:10:06 is when people take each other for granted.
    0:10:09 And when you stop acknowledging those things,
    0:10:12 it is part of the mechanisms of taking for granted.
    0:10:15 (upbeat music)
    0:10:16 (upbeat music)
    (Âm nhạc vui vẻ)
    – Các mối quan hệ của chúng ta, bạn biết đấy,
    Tôi nghĩ chúng ta đều có, chắc chắn là tôi, trong phần lớn cuộc đời mình.
    Và tôi nói điều đó vì tôi nhìn vào hành động của mình.
    Vì vậy, những gì tôi có thể nói thì khác
    so với cách tôi nghĩ mình đã cư xử trong suốt,
    tôi không biết, 10, 15 năm qua.
    Chúng ta coi chúng như một điều gì đó ngẫu nhiên
    so với mọi thứ khác trong nhiều khía cạnh.
    Vì vậy, lượng nỗ lực mà tôi bỏ vào công việc kinh doanh của mình
    và vào podcast và vào từng chi tiết nhỏ,
    sự sáng tạo, suy nghĩ, lên ý tưởng,
    tất cả những điều đó, các mối quan hệ,
    chúng ta thường nghĩ rằng chúng chỉ xảy ra.
    Và nếu nó không xảy ra hoàn hảo,
    thì nó đã bị hỏng và tôi cần tìm một cái mới.
    – Vâng, đó là một cách suy nghĩ khủng khiếp.
    Ý tôi là, ai cũng biết điều đó.
    Nếu bạn dành những điều tốt nhất của mình cho công việc,
    nếu bạn mang đồ thừa về nhà,
    nếu khi bạn về nhà, bạn nói, tôi đã cho đi tất cả những gì tôi có,
    bây giờ tôi chỉ muốn đặt chân lên bàn.
    Tôi chỉ cần thư giãn.
    Tôi không muốn làm bất kỳ nỗ lực nào.
    Bạn biết đấy, từ từ mối quan hệ của bạn sẽ suy giảm, hết.
    Và rồi có đủ loại cách nó kết thúc.
    Không có cách nào đặc biệt vui vẻ.
    Và cơ bản, nếu mọi người có thể dốc
    một chút sự sáng tạo, chú ý, chăm sóc vào mối quan hệ của họ,
    như họ làm với khách hàng hay khách mời của mình,
    các mối quan hệ sẽ tốt hơn nhiều
    và nghề nghiệp của tôi sẽ thấy ít người hơn.
    Và không có gì nghi ngờ.
    Và tại sao mọi người lại lười biếng, tự mãn,
    thậm chí không sáng tạo trong các mối quan hệ ở nhà?
    Ý tôi là, tôi thấy rất nhiều người khi bạn ở đây,
    bạn biết đấy, bạn không lấy điện thoại ra.
    Bạn không nhìn vào điện thoại,
    bạn đang nhìn tôi,
    thỉnh thoảng bạn chú ý,
    bạn tìm kiếm câu hỏi và nơi chúng ta đi.
    Nhưng cơ bản, bạn đang ở bên tôi.
    Nhưng ở nhà, nếu bạn làm như thế này hay thế kia.
    Tôi đang nhìn vào điện thoại của mình.
    Bạn biết đấy, và khi người đó nói với bạn
    về một điều gì đó rất quan trọng, bạn nói, ừ, ừ.
    Bạn biết đấy, và bạn kiểu như ở đó, nhưng không thực sự có mặt.
    Và đó là sự bắt đầu của một kiểu cô đơn hiện đại, thực sự.
    Là ý tưởng rằng bạn có thể chia sẻ một điều gì đó
    thật sự quan trọng với ai đó mà họ chỉ có nửa có mặt, nửa không.
    Và tôi nghĩ đó là điều đang xảy ra
    với nhiều người trẻ ngày nay,
    là họ trải nghiệm rất nhiều “nửa có mặt”.
    Và điều đó bắt đầu nuôi dưỡng một cảm giác cô đơn thực sự
    không phải là: tôi bị cô đơn về thể chất,
    mà là: tôi có quan trọng không?
    Ai nghe tôi?
    Ai quan tâm?
    Ai chú ý?
    Ai nhận ra?
    Bạn biết đấy, vì vậy, đôi khi lời khuyên thật sự rất tầm thường.
    Bạn biết đấy, đó là nói với mọi người,
    hãy để điện thoại xuống.
    Dành một giờ đồng hồ và để điện thoại xuống.
    Và-
    – Nhưng tôi bận.
    – Hả?
    – Nhưng tôi bận.
    – Chà, bạn sẽ bận và sẽ không có một mối quan hệ.
    Sớm hay muộn, sẽ không có một mối quan hệ.
    Điều đó không khó.
    Bạn có thể chờ đợi, bạn có thể chờ đợi cho đến khi bọn trẻ lớn lên,
    nếu có trẻ em tham gia, v.v.
    Nhưng cuối cùng, thì không có.
    – Chỉ vì ai đó đang trên điện thoại.
    – Chà, không chỉ là trên điện thoại.
    Sử dụng điện thoại có nghĩa là tôi đang liên tục nói
    một cái gì đó quan trọng hơn bạn.
    Chúng ta đứng cuối cùng.
    Chúng ta như một cây xương rồng.
    Chúng ta không cần được tưới nước.
    Chúng ta có thể sống sót trong sa mạc.
    Có một thuật ngữ mà tôi đã sử dụng cho điều này,
    là tôi mượn từ một thứ khác.
    Nó được gọi là mất mát mơ hồ.
    Bạn đã từng nghe về thuật ngữ này chưa?
    – Mất mát mơ hồ?
    – Vâng.
    – Không.
    – Mất mát mơ hồ là một thuật ngữ được phát triển
    bởi một đồng nghiệp, Pauline Boss, một nhà tâm lý học tuyệt vời.
    Khi cô ấy nói về những gì xảy ra khi bạn có một
    người cha, ví dụ, có chứng Alzheimer.
    Họ hiện diện về thể chất, nhưng họ đã biến mất về tâm lý.
    Họ vắng mặt về cảm xúc.
    Và bạn không thể thực sự đau buồn cho họ
    bởi vì họ vẫn ở đó về thể chất,
    nhưng bạn bị mắc kẹt trong khoảng giữa này,
    trong sự mất mát mơ hồ này.
    Ở phía bên kia, bạn có thể có ai đó bị triển khai,
    bị bắt cóc, sảy thai.
    Họ rất hiện diện về mặt cảm xúc,
    nhưng họ vắng mặt về mặt thể chất.
    Trong cả hai trường hợp, đó là một sự mất mát mơ hồ.
    Bạn không thể, họ vẫn ở đó hay họ đã biến mất?
    Ai biết?
    Khi chúng ta sống với cái điện thoại này,
    khi chúng ta, bởi vì bạn đã ở nơi làm việc,
    bạn đã ở trước máy tính, bạn về nhà,
    bạn nghĩ, tôi thật hạnh phúc khi cuối cùng được buông bỏ máy tính,
    bạn bật TV lên, bạn bật TV lên,
    và sau đó bạn bật điện thoại lên cùng lúc.
    Bạn đang xem ở đây, bạn đang xem ở đó,
    và có một người bên cạnh bạn.
    Và có khả năng lớn, họ cũng thường làm cùng một điều như vậy.
    Và dần dần, có ngày càng ít
    sợi dây liên lạc, giao tiếp, niềm vui, tình dục,
    sự gần gũi, tất cả những gì bạn biết.
    Điều đó trở thành mất mát mơ hồ.
    Có ai đó ở đó, nhưng họ không thực sự có mặt.
    Tôi, bạn biết đấy, có sự khác biệt nào giữa tôi và cái ghế sofa không?
    Nó thoải mái.
    Đó là thói quen, bạn ngồi lên tôi.
    Nhưng thoải mái và thói quen không mang lại cho chúng tôi niềm vui,
    hoặc ý nghĩa, hoặc sự liên quan, hoặc sự kết nối.
    Và đó là những gì chúng ta vẫn có vẻ muốn.
    Vì vậy, có nghĩa là nói với mọi người, bạn biết không,
    thực sự không phức tạp.
    Mọi người đã làm gì suốt nhiều thế kỷ?
    Họ đi dạo.
    Đó là một trong những thời gian hiếm hoi bạn không thể nhấp chuột.
    Vì vậy hãy đi dạo.
    Đừng ngồi, đừng cố gắng làm gì, bạn biết đấy,
    hãy đi dạo quanh khối và chỉ cần di chuyển.
    Khi đó bạn đi song song, bạn biết đấy, không phải đối mặt,
    mà là bên cạnh nhau, và bạn có thể nói về ngày hôm nay.
    Nếu bạn, thay vì chỉ nói, dừng lại, dừng lại, dừng lại,
    bạn chỉ cần nói: biết không, chúng ta hãy đi dạo.
    Đó là London, nhưng vẫn vậy bạn có thể, bạn biết đấy,
    và bạn làm một chuyến đi bộ nửa giờ.
    Nó sẽ, bạn sẽ quay lại với tôi
    và bạn nói cho tôi biết nó sẽ làm gì.
    Nhưng thật tuyệt vời làm sao những can thiệp nhỏ này,
    nghịch ngợm, sáng tạo, không đào sâu
    thay đổi động lực của mối quan hệ.
    Bởi vì cô ấy chỉ theo đuổi bạn một phần
    vì cách bạn đang rút lui.
    Bạn thay đổi, cô ấy thay đổi.
    Nếu bạn muốn thay đổi người khác, hãy thay đổi chính mình.
    Một khi bạn đã hiểu về hình số tám và cách chúng ta tạo ra hình khác, bạn sẽ hiểu rằng nếu bạn làm điều gì khác, sớm hay muộn, họ cũng sẽ làm điều khác. Vì vậy, nếu bạn muốn thay đổi người khác, hãy thay đổi bản thân mình. Đây là phần của câu hỏi bạn đã hỏi tôi, đúng không? Một số điều thiết yếu, hiểu biết về việc làm việc với các hệ thống quan hệ là gì? Điều này đúng trong công việc, trong các công ty. Điều này cũng đúng trong các mối quan hệ thân mật. Đây không chỉ dành cho tình yêu lãng mạn. Đây là nền tảng của các hệ thống quan hệ. Đó là chu trình phản hồi, được gọi như vậy trong Cybernetics. – Nhiều cặp đôi bận rộn có thể cảm thấy ngọn lửa trong mối quan hệ của họ đang dần lụi tàn, nhưng công việc không nhất thiết là nơi đầu tiên bạn tìm kiếm. Giống như việc cầm điện thoại lên trong bữa tối không nhất thiết là nơi mọi người tìm kiếm vì điều đó có vẻ quá nhỏ bé. Vì vậy, họ nhắm đến những điều lớn hơn. Họ sẽ nói, tôi không biết, điều gì đó lớn hơn. Nhưng bạn có tin, bạn có đang nói rằng bạn tin rằng phần lớn trong số đó thường bắt đầu từ những khoảnh khắc nhỏ bé của sự mất kết nối, nơi mà người đó cơ bản trở thành chiếc ghế sofa? – Người đề xuất điều đó gọi họ là những cơ hội kết nối. – Cơ hội kết nối. – Cơ hội. Bạn biết đấy, đó là những điều nhỏ nhặt. Đó là sự khác biệt giữa việc hướng về một ai đó hoặc quay lưng lại. Bạn biết không, khi bạn đọc một cái gì đó, có một ví dụ cổ điển mà họ đưa ra. Bạn có đọc điều gì không? Bạn có thực sự nói, này, bạn đã đọc cái này chưa? Để tôi gửi cho bạn bài viết này. Đó là một cơ hội kết nối. Đó không phải là một tuyên bố lớn, nhưng nó nói rằng, chúng ta đang ở đây cùng nhau. Khi tôi thấy điều gì đó thú vị mà tôi nghĩ bạn cũng sẽ thích đọc, tôi sẽ chia sẻ với bạn. Tôi đang nghĩ về bạn. Tôi biết bạn tồn tại ngay cả khi tôi không ở bên bạn. – Bạn có biết điều gì mà bạn tôi đã nói với tôi cách đây khoảng một năm và đã ở lại với tôi không? Bởi vì tôi nghĩ đó là một điều kỳ lạ để nói. Cô ấy đã nói với tôi, khi chúng tôi đang giải quyết xung đột, vì vậy chúng tôi đã nói về những điều, cô ấy nói, bạn biết không, khi tôi gửi cho bạn những điều trên Instagram, trong tin nhắn Instagram, như tôi sẽ ra ngoài đây ở New York bây giờ. Nếu cô ấy thấy điều gì đó thú vị trên Instagram, cô ấy gửi cho tôi. Cô ấy nói, bạn đã ngừng xác nhận điều đó. Trước đây tôi chỉ thích nhấn hai lần vào nó hoặc phản hồi lại. Cô ấy nói, bạn đã dừng lại, bạn đã ngừng xác nhận điều đó. Và tôi đã nghĩ, tại sao điều đó lại quan trọng? Tại sao nó lại quan trọng, như bạn gửi cho tôi một cái gì đó, tôi xem video hài hước, tôi tiếp tục với ngày của mình. – Bởi vì giống như khi bạn nhận được một món quà sinh nhật, bạn có nghĩ không? – Vâng. – Khi bạn mua một món quà sinh nhật, có quan trọng để tặng nó không? – Vâng. – Được rồi, đó là lý do. Ý tôi là, làm sao cô ấy biết rằng bạn đã xem nó nếu không có sự xác nhận? Và sự xác nhận không phải là về video hay tin nhắn trực tiếp. Sự xác nhận là chúng ta chia sẻ điều gì đó. – Thực ra còn tệ hơn vì nó nói là đã xem trên Instagram. Vì vậy, nó nói rằng tôi đã xem nó. – Đúng vậy, nhưng đã xem có nghĩa là tôi đã xem video. Sự xác nhận là chúng ta là một phần của chuỗi. Chúng ta kết nối với nhau. Cô ấy hoàn toàn đúng. Vì vậy, theo nghĩa đó, khi mọi người mất đi ngọn lửa, thì có rất nhiều những chi tiết nhỏ bé mà mọi người đã nói nhiều ở đầu, bạn biết đấy, tất cả những điều tích cực mà mọi người đã mất. Và thực tế là nó càng quan trọng hơn theo thời gian chứ không phải là ít quan trọng hơn theo thời gian. Cái chết của một mối quan hệ là khi mọi người coi nhau là điều hiển nhiên. Và khi bạn ngừng xác nhận những điều đó, nó là một phần của cơ chế coi thường điều đó. (nhạc lên) (nhạc lên)
    (活潑的音樂)
    – 我們的關係,你知道的,我想我們所有人都一定,對我來說,我的人生中有很大一部分都是如此。我這麼說是因為我看著自己的行為。所以我可能說的事情和我認為自己在過去,嗯,不知道,十年、十五年裡的表現是不同的。我們在許多方面將它們視為一個附帶的想法,所以我投入到我的事業、播客以及每一個小細節中的努力,創造力、思考、腦力激盪,所有這些,關係,我們都認為它們就是會自然而然地發生。如果它們沒有完美地發生,那麼就壞了,我需要尋找新的關係。
    – 是啊,這是一種可怕的想法。我是說,大家都知道。如果你在工作中給出了最好的自己,然後把剩飯帶回家,當你回到家時說,我已經拿出了所有的精力,現在我就只想把腳放在桌子上。我只需要放鬆。我不想再有任何努力。你知道,漸漸地你的關係就會惡化,說到底,這是一個事實。然後有各種各樣的方式來結束。沒有一種特別令人愉快。基本上,如果人們能在他們的關係中投入一點創造力和關注,正如他們對待他們的客戶或來賓那樣,關係會運行得更好,我的職業將會看到更少的人。這一點毫無疑問。那麼,為什麼人們在家裡對待關係如此懶惰、滿足、缺乏想像力呢?我意思是,我看到這麼多人,你們看,這裡你們沒有拿起手機。你們在看著我,你們偶爾會專注,你們在尋找問題,然後我們去哪裡。但基本上,你們與我同在。但在家裡,若你這樣做或者那樣做,我正在看我的手機。你知道,然後當那個人告訴你一些真正重要的事情時,你會說,嗯哼,嗯哼。你知道,你有點在那裡,但並不在場。這其實是一種現代孤獨感的開始。這種想法是,你可以與一個半在場、半在場的人分享一些非常重要的事情。我認為這就是如今很多年輕人所經歷的情況,他們經常感到半在場的狀態。這開始培養一種真正的孤獨感,這與我是否身體上獨自一人無關,而是與我是否重要?誰在聽我?誰在乎?誰在關注?誰注意到了?你知道,所以,有時候,這些建議非常平淡。你知道,就是告訴人們,放下你的該死的手機。花一個小時放下你的手機。
    – 但是我很忙。
    – 嗯?
    – 但是我很忙。
    – 那麼,你將會很忙,而不會有關係。遲早,將不會有關係。這並不困難。你可以等待,等待孩子長大,如果有孩子的話,等等。但最終,它,就不會存在了。
    – 只是因為某人在用手機。
    – 嗯,這不僅僅是用手機。用手機意味著我在不斷地告訴你,有些事情比你更重要。我們排在最後。我們是仙人掌。我們不需要澆水。我們可以在沙漠中生存。有一個我一直在用的術語,我借用自其他地方。它叫做模糊損失。你聽過這個術語嗎?
    – 模糊損失?
    – 是的。
    – 沒有。
    – 模糊損失是一個由我的同事保林·博斯(Pauline Boss)這位了不起的心理學家所提出的術語。當她谈到你拥有一个父母,例如,患有阿尔茨海默病的那种情况时,他们在身体上存在,但心理上已经消失。他们情感上是缺席的。你其实无法为他们哀悼,因为他们仍然在你身边,但你却被困在这种模糊之间,处于这种模糊的损失之中。在另一个方面,你可以有某人被派遣、被扣留、流产等情况。他们在情感上非常存在,但在身体上缺失。在这两种情况下,都是一种模糊的损失。你无法判断,他们仍然在吗,还是已经离开?谁知道?当我们生活在这种手机的状态中时,当我们工作时,你一直在电脑上,回到家时,认为我太高兴了,終於不必面對電腦了,然後打開電視,同時也打開手機。你在這裡看著,在那裡看著,旁邊有一個人。而大多數情況下,他們最後也會做同樣的事情。漸漸地,對話、連結、喜悅、親密,所有你知道的東西之間的線索越來越少。這變成了模糊的損失。某人在那裡,但他們並不真正存在。我,你知道,我和沙發之間有區別嗎?它很舒適。這是習慣,你坐在上面。但舒適和習慣並不能給我們帶來快樂、意義、相關性或連結。這是我們似乎仍然想要的。因此,這意味著對人們說,你知道,其實這並不是很複雜。人們幾百年來做了什麼?他們散步。這是為數不多的你不能點擊的時候。所以去散步。不坐著,不試著做,你知道,繞著街區散步,只是保持運動。然後你就平行地走著,你知道,這不是面對面,而是肩並肩,你可以聊聊這一天。如果你,而不是僅僅說,停,停,停,你只需要說,你知道,我們去散步吧。這是倫敦,但你仍然可以這樣做,你們可以走半小時。你會回來告訴我這會帶來什麼。但這些小干預令人驚訝,這些干預既有趣又富有創造力,而不是挖掘,改變了關係的動態。因為她追尋你的部分原因是你撤退的程度。你改變了,她也改變。如果你想改變對方,先改變自己。
    一旦你理解了八字形圖案以及我們如何創造另一個,你就懂得如果你做其他事情,遲早,他們也會做其他事情。因此,如果你想要改變對方,先改變你自己。這是你問我的問題的一部分,對吧?在處理關係系統時,有哪些重要的理解和要素?這在工作上的公司中是正確的。在親密關係中也是如此。這不僅僅是浪漫愛情的事情。這是關係系統的基礎。在控制論中,這被稱為反饋迴路。很多忙碌的夫妻會感到他們的關係中的火花慢慢減退,但工作並不一定是你會首要注意的地方。例如,面對面吃飯時拿出手機不一定是人們會注意的地方,因為那看起來似乎太小了。因此,他們更關注更大的事情。 他們會說,我不知道,某些更大的事情。但你相信嗎?你是不是在說,這許多事情常常都是從那些小小的斷連時刻開始,而那時候人們基本上就變成了沙發? – 這被神人稱為連接的請求。 – 連接的請求。 – 請求。 你知道,這些都是小事。那是轉向某人或轉開之間的差別。你知道,當你讀到一些東西時,有一個經典的例子。他們會問,你是否讀過什麼?你實際上會說,嘿,你看過這個嗎?讓我發送這篇文章給你。這就是一個連接的請求。這不是一個大的宣告,但它說,我們一起在這裡。當我看到一些有趣的東西,我覺得你也會想讀的時候,我會與你分享。我在想著你。我知道你存在,即使我不在你身邊。 – 你知道我伴侶大約一年前對我說過什麼嗎?這讓我一直記著,因為我覺得這真是一句奇怪的話。她跟我說,當我們在解決衝突時,她說,你知道,當我在 Instagram 上發送給你東西的時候,我現在在紐約。如果她在 Instagram 上看到有趣的東西,就會發送給我。她說,你已經停止在意這些事情了。我曾經會雙擊讚或回評論。她說,你已經停止了,你不再在意這些了。我當時想,這有什麼關係呢?為什麼這樣,像是你發送給我東西,我看完有趣的視頻,然後繼續我的一天。 – 因為這就像你收到生日禮物時一樣,你會想? – 是的。 – 當你買生日禮物時,重要的是送出去嗎? – 是的。 – 好的,這就是原因。我是說,如果沒有任何確認,她怎麼知道你看過了?而確認並不僅僅是關於視頻或 DM。確認是我們分享了一些東西。 – 嗯,更糟糕的是,因為它會顯示在 Instagram 上已讀。所以它會說我已經看過了。 – 是的,但“看過了”意味著我確實看過視頻。確認是我們是同一線索的一部分。 我們是連接的。她完全是對的。因此,在這種意義上,當人們失去火花的時候,正是這些小細節使得人們在一開始時說了這麼多好事,而隨著時間的推移,這些事情其實是越來越重要,而不是越來越不重要。關係的死亡就是當人們互相視為理所當然的時候。當你停止承認這些事情時,這就是把對方視為理所當然的一部分機制。 (音樂) (音樂)

    We give our best energy to work, but what about our relationships? In this moment, Esther Perel reveals how small moments of disconnection—like looking at your phone instead of your partner—can erode intimacy over time. Discover how to bring attention, creativity, and presence back into your relationships before it’s too late.

    Listen to the full episode here –

    Spotify- https://g2ul0.app.link//qmlJPkdxXQb

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    Watch the Episodes On Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/c/%20TheDiaryOfACEO/videos

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  • #795: The End of Time Management

    AI transcript
    0:00:04 Well, hello, boys and girls, ladies and germs. This is Tim Ferriss. Welcome to another episode
    0:00:09 of The Tim Ferriss Show. If you want the long-form, deconstructing, world-class performers’
    0:00:14 interviews, then you can pick one of the other 800 episodes or so that I have done. But this time
    0:00:19 around, you know, I like to experiment. We have a different format featuring the book that started
    0:00:26 it all for me, The 4-Hour Workweek. And even though it was published in 2007, back when I had hair,
    0:00:32 it was one of Amazon’s top 10 most highlighted books of all time. Last time I checked in 2017,
    0:00:36 and there are actually two of my books on that list. The 4-Hour Body was the second.
    0:00:42 But back to the topic at hand. Readers and listeners often ask me, “What would you change?
    0:00:48 What would you update?” But an equally interesting question is, “What wouldn’t I change? What has
    0:00:54 stood the test of time? What hasn’t lost any potency? What do I still personally use?” And
    0:01:00 this episode features one of the most important chapters from The 4-Hour Workweek. It includes
    0:01:04 tools and frameworks that I use to this day, including Pareto’s Law, Parkinson’s Law,
    0:01:11 and many other fine details. It is called The End of Time Management. It is narrated by the great
    0:01:15 voice actor Ray Porter. And if you are interested in checking out the rest of the audiobook,
    0:01:19 which is produced and copyrighted by Blackstone Publishing, you can find it on Audible,
    0:01:25 Apple, Google, Spotify, Downpour.com, or wherever you find your favorite audiobooks.
    0:01:31 But first, a few quick words from the fine sponsors who make this show possible. I use
    0:01:37 all of their products, so this is not me just shilling. I’ve tried it all. I’ve vetted it all.
    0:01:45 And here they are. One of the first times I really explored quantum computing on the podcast
    0:01:51 was with legendary investor Steve Gerbertsen. This was way back in 2018. Quantum computers can
    0:01:56 process exponentially more data than classical computers and can one-day crack encryption
    0:02:02 algorithms that are currently secure. So there is an arms race afoot, and it is good to get ahead
    0:02:07 of it, if you can. That’s why ExpressVPN, this episode’s sponsor, Thinking Ahead, has upgraded
    0:02:13 their encryption to use ML Chem, which is the strongest available protection from post-quantum
    0:02:19 threats. A VPN, or virtual private network, is already the best way to secure your privacy
    0:02:24 while online. I use ExpressVPN anytime. I’m on public Wi-Fi, whether that’s at a coffee shop,
    0:02:30 airport, or anywhere at all. You could also do some very fun stuff with choosing your server.
    0:02:34 If, for instance, you can’t access content that is blocked somewhere, it’s very, very useful.
    0:02:39 And with ExpressVPN, all of your online activity is rerouted through encrypted servers.
    0:02:43 So no one can read your data or try to hijack your connection. Whether that’s a data broker,
    0:02:48 profiting off of your private online activity, or hackers who are lurking on public Wi-Fi
    0:02:53 to steal your confidential information. It’s actually a lot easier to sniff those packets and
    0:02:58 steal your data than you might think. So it’s good to have protection. And now, with post-quantum
    0:03:04 protection, ExpressVPN is essentially future-proofing their customer’s privacy. So to get the highest
    0:03:11 standard of protection from your VPN service, go to expressvpn.com/tim. You’ll get four extra months
    0:03:21 for free when you use that link. So be sure to check it out. That’s expressvpn.com/tim
    0:03:27 for an extra four months for free. As many of you know, for the last few years, I’ve been sleeping
    0:03:32 on a midnight Lux mattress from today’s sponsor. He looks sleep. I also have one in the guest
    0:03:37 bedroom downstairs. And feedback from friends has always been fantastic, kind of over the top,
    0:03:41 to be honest. I mean, they frequently say it’s the best night of sleep they’ve had in ages.
    0:03:45 What kind of mattress is it? What do you do? What’s the magic juju? It’s something they comment on
    0:03:51 without any prompting from me whatsoever. I also recently had a chance to test the Helix Sunset
    0:03:56 Elite in a new guest bedroom, which I sometimes sleep in. And I picked it for its very soft but
    0:04:01 supportive feel to help with some lower back pain that I’ve had. The Sunset Elite delivers
    0:04:05 exceptional comfort while putting the right support in the right spots. It is made with
    0:04:10 five tailored foam layers, including a base layer with full perimeter zoned lumbar support,
    0:04:15 right where I need it, and middle layers with premium foam and microcoils that create a soft
    0:04:19 contouring feel, which also means if I feel like I want to sleep on my side, I can do that without
    0:04:24 worrying about other aches and pains I might create. And with a luxurious pillow top for pressure
    0:04:29 relief, I look forward to nestling into that bed every night that I use it. The best part, of course,
    0:04:35 is that it helps me wake up feeling fully rested with a back that feels supple instead of stiff.
    0:04:40 And that is the name of the game for me these days. Helix offers a 100 night sleep trial,
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    0:05:08 At this altitude, I can run flat out for a half mile before my hands start shaking.
    0:05:12 Can I answer your personal question? No, I would have seen an upper pantomime.
    0:05:18 What if I get the opposite? I’m a cybernetic organism, living this year over a metal endoskeleton.
    0:05:31 Step two. E is for elimination.
    0:05:38 One does not accumulate but eliminate. It is not daily increase, but daily decrease.
    0:05:44 The height of cultivation always runs to simplicity. Bruce Lee.
    0:05:52 Five. The end of time management. Illusions and Italians.
    0:05:58 Perfection is not when there is no more to add, but no more to take away.
    0:06:05 Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, pioneer of international postal flight and author of La Petit-Prance,
    0:06:11 The Little Prince. It is vain to do with more what can be done with less.
    0:06:18 William of Occam, 1300 to 1350, originator of Occam’s razor.
    0:06:27 Just a few words on time management. Forget all about it. In the strictest sense,
    0:06:31 you shouldn’t be trying to do more in each day, trying to fill every second
    0:06:37 with a work fidget of some type. It took me a long time to figure this out. I used to be
    0:06:45 very fond of the results by volume approach. Being busy is most often used as a guise for
    0:06:50 avoiding the few critically important but uncomfortable actions. The options are almost
    0:06:57 limitless for creating busyness. You could call a few hundred unqualified sales leads,
    0:07:02 reorganize your outlook contacts, walk across the office to request
    0:07:07 documents you don’t really need, or fuss with your BlackBerry for a few hours
    0:07:13 when you should be prioritizing. In fact, if you want to move up the ladder in most of corporate
    0:07:19 America and assuming they don’t really check what you were doing, let’s be honest. Just run
    0:07:22 around the office building holding a cell phone to your head and carrying papers.
    0:07:29 Now that is one busy employee. Give them a raise. Unfortunately for the N.R., this behavior won’t
    0:07:36 get you out of the office or put you on an airplane to Brazil. Bad dog. Hit yourself with a newspaper
    0:07:42 and cut it out. After all, there is a far better option, and it will do more than simply increase
    0:07:48 your results. It will multiply them. Believe it or not, it is not only possible to accomplish
    0:07:55 more by doing less. It is mandatory. Enter the world of elimination.
    0:07:59 How You Will Use Productivity
    0:08:05 Now that you have defined what you want to do with your time, you have to free that time.
    0:08:11 The trick, of course, is to do so while maintaining or increasing your income.
    0:08:17 The intention of this chapter and what you will experience if you follow the instructions
    0:08:25 is an increase in personal productivity between 100 and 500 percent. The principles are the same
    0:08:30 for both employees and entrepreneurs, but the purpose of this increased productivity
    0:08:38 is completely different. First, the employee. The employee is increasing productivity to increase
    0:08:44 negotiating leverage for two simultaneous objectives, pay raises, and a remote working
    0:08:50 arrangement. Recall that, as indicated in the first chapter of this audiobook,
    0:08:58 the general process of joining the new rich is D-E-A-L, in that order, but that employees intent
    0:09:06 on remaining employees for now need to implement the process as D-E-L-A. The reason relates to
    0:09:12 environment. They need to liberate themselves from the office environment before they can work
    0:09:19 10 hours a week, for example, because the expectation in that environment is that you will be in constant
    0:09:24 motion from nine to five, even if you produce twice the results you had in the past. If you’re
    0:09:30 working a quarter of the hours of your colleagues, there is a good chance of receiving a pink slip.
    0:09:36 Even if you work 10 hours a week and produce twice the results of people working 40,
    0:09:42 the collective request will be work 40 hours a week and produce eight times the results.
    0:09:48 This is an endless game and one you want to avoid, hence the need for liberation first.
    0:09:55 If you’re an employee, this chapter will increase your value and make it more painful for the company
    0:10:02 to fire you than to grant raises and a remote working agreement. That is your goal. Once the
    0:10:06 latter is accomplished, you can drop hours without bureaucratic interference and use the
    0:10:13 resultant free time to fulfill dreamlines. The entrepreneur’s goals are less complex,
    0:10:20 as he or she is generally the direct beneficiary of increased profit. The goal is to decrease
    0:10:26 the amount of work you perform while increasing revenue. This will set the stage for replacing
    0:10:34 yourself with automation, which in turn permits liberation. For both tracks, some definitions
    0:10:42 are in order. Being effective versus being efficient. Effectiveness is doing the things
    0:10:49 that get you closer to your goals. Efficiency is performing a given task, whether important or not,
    0:10:55 in the most economical manner possible. Being efficient without regard to effectiveness is the
    0:11:02 default mode of the universe. I would consider the best door-to-door salesperson efficient,
    0:11:06 that is refined and excellent at selling door-to-door without wasting time,
    0:11:13 but utterly ineffective. He or she would sell more using a better vehicle such as email or direct
    0:11:19 mail. This is also true for the person who checks email 30 times per day and develops an elaborate
    0:11:26 system of folder rules and sophisticated techniques for ensuring that each of those 30 brain farts
    0:11:34 moves as quickly as possible. I was a specialist at such professional wheel spinning. It is efficient,
    0:11:40 on some perverse level, but far from effective. Here are two truisms to keep in mind.
    0:11:45 1. Doing something unimportant well does not make it important.
    0:11:52 2. Requiring a lot of time does not make a task important.
    0:11:59 From this moment forward, remember this. What you do is infinitely more important than how
    0:12:06 you do it. Efficiency is still important, but it’s useless unless applied to the right things.
    0:12:10 To find the right things, we’ll need to go to the garden.
    0:12:17 Pareto and his garden. 80/20 and freedom from futility.
    0:12:22 What gets measured gets managed. Peter Drucker,
    0:12:27 management theorist, author of 31 books, recipient of Presidential Medal of Freedom.
    0:12:35 Four years ago, an economist changed my life forever. It’s a shame I never had a chance to buy
    0:12:43 him a drink. My dear Vilfredo died almost 100 years ago. Vilfredo Pareto was a wildly and
    0:12:51 controversial economist, cum sociologist, who lived from 1848 to 1923. An engineer by training,
    0:12:57 he started his varied career managing coal mines and later succeeded Leon Valre as the
    0:13:04 Chair of Political Economy at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. His seminal work,
    0:13:11 Cour d’Economie Politique, included a then little explored law of income distribution
    0:13:17 that would later bear his name, Pareto’s Law, or the Pareto Distribution,
    0:13:21 in the last decade also popularly called the 80/20 Principle.
    0:13:29 The mathematical formula he used to demonstrate a grossly uneven but predictable distribution of
    0:13:36 wealth in society, 80% of the wealth and income was produced and possessed by 20% of the population
    0:13:43 also applied outside of economics. Indeed, it could be found almost everywhere. 80% of Pareto’s
    0:13:50 garden peas were produced by 20% of the pea pods he had planted, for example. Pareto’s law can be
    0:13:58 summarized as follows. 80% of the outputs result from 20% of the inputs. Alternative ways to phrase
    0:14:06 this, depending on the context, include 80% of the consequences flow from 20% of the causes. 80%
    0:14:15 of the results come from 20% of the effort and time. 80% of company profits come from 20% of
    0:14:23 the products and customers. 80% of all stock market gains are realized by 20% of the investors
    0:14:30 and 20% of an individual portfolio. The list is infinitely long and diverse,
    0:14:40 and the ratio is often skewed even more severely. 90/10, 95/5, and 99/1 are not uncommon,
    0:14:47 but the minimum ratio to seek is 80/20. When I came across Pareto’s work one late evening,
    0:14:54 I had been slaving away with 15-hour days, 7 days per week, feeling completely overwhelmed and
    0:14:59 generally helpless. I would wake up before dawn to make calls to the United Kingdom,
    0:15:06 handle the US during the normal 9-5 day, and then work until near midnight making calls to Japan
    0:15:11 and New Zealand. I was stuck on a runaway freight train with no brakes, shoveling coal into the
    0:15:18 furnace for lack of a better option. Faced with certain burnout or giving Pareto’s ideas a trial
    0:15:24 run, I opted for the latter. The next morning I began a dissection of my business and personal
    0:15:33 life through the lenses of two questions. 1. Which 20% of sources are causing 80% of my problems
    0:15:41 and unhappiness? 2. Which 20% of sources are resulting in 80% of my desired outcomes and
    0:15:47 happiness? 3. For the entire day I put aside everything seemingly urgent and did the most
    0:15:54 intense truth-bearing analysis possible. Applying these questions to everything from my friends to
    0:16:00 customers and advertising to relaxation activities. Don’t expect to find you’re doing everything
    0:16:07 right. The truth often hurts. The goal is to find your inefficiencies in order to eliminate them and
    0:16:15 to find your strengths so you can multiply them. In the 24 hours that followed, I made several
    0:16:20 simple but emotionally difficult decisions that literally changed my life forever and enabled
    0:16:27 the lifestyle I now enjoy. The first decision I made is an excellent example of how dramatic and
    0:16:36 fast the ROI of this analytical fat cutting can be. I stopped contacting 95% of my customers
    0:16:42 and fired 2%, leaving me with the top 3% of producers to profile and duplicate.
    0:16:51 Out of more than 120 wholesale customers, a mere 5% were bringing in 95% of the revenue. I was
    0:16:57 spending 98% of my time chasing the remainder as the aforementioned 5% ordered regularly without
    0:17:03 any follow-up calls, persuasion or cajoling. In other words, I was working because I felt as though
    0:17:10 I should be doing something from 9 to 5. I didn’t realize that working every hour from 9 to 5
    0:17:16 isn’t the goal. It’s simply the structure most people use, whether it’s necessary or not.
    0:17:24 I had a severe case of work for work, W4W, the most hated acronym in the NR vocabulary.
    0:17:33 All, and I mean 100% of my problems and complaints, came from this unproductive majority,
    0:17:38 with the exception of two large customers who were simply world-class experts of the “here is
    0:17:43 the fire, I started, now you put it out” approach to business. I put all of these
    0:17:49 unproductive customers on passive mode. If they ordered, great, let them fax in the order.
    0:17:56 If not, I would do absolutely no chasing, no phone calls, no email, nothing.
    0:18:02 That left the two larger customers to deal with, who were professional ballbreakers but
    0:18:08 contributed about 10% to the bottom line at the time. You’ll always have a few of these,
    0:18:13 and it is a quandary that causes all sorts of problems, not the least of which are self-hatred
    0:18:18 and depression. Up to that point I had taken their brow-beating insults,
    0:18:25 time-consuming arguments, and tirades as a cost of doing business. I realized during the 80/20
    0:18:30 analysis that these two people were the source of nearly all my unhappiness and anger throughout
    0:18:35 the day, and it usually spilled over into my personal time, keeping me up at night with the
    0:18:42 usual “I should have said X, Y, and Z to that penis” self-flagellation. I finally concluded
    0:18:48 the obvious. The effect on my self-esteem and state of mind just wasn’t worth the financial gain.
    0:18:54 I didn’t need the money for any precise reason, and I had assumed I needed to take it.
    0:19:00 The customers are always right, aren’t they? Part of doing business, right?
    0:19:07 Hell no. Not for the N.R. anyway. I fired their asses and enjoyed every second of it.
    0:19:13 The first conversation went like this. Customer, what the bleep? I ordered two cases and they
    0:19:18 arrived two days late. Note, he had sent the order to the wrong person via the wrong medium
    0:19:24 despite repeated reminders. You guys are the most disorganized bunch of idiots I’ve ever worked with.
    0:19:29 I have twenty years of experience in this industry and this is the worst.
    0:19:38 Any N.R. in this case, me. I will kill you. Be afraid. Be very afraid.
    0:19:45 I wish. I did rehearse that a million times in my mental theater, but it actually went
    0:19:52 something more like this. I’m sorry to hear that. You know, I’ve been taking your insults for a while
    0:19:58 now and it’s unfortunate that it seems we won’t be able to do business anymore. I’d recommend
    0:20:02 you take a good look at where this unhappiness and anger is actually coming from. In any case,
    0:20:07 I wish you well. If you would like to order product, we’ll be happy to supply it,
    0:20:13 but only if you can conduct yourself without profanity and unnecessary insults. You have our
    0:20:21 fax number. All the best and have a nice day. Click. I did this once via phone and once through
    0:20:27 email. So what happened? I lost one customer, but the other corrected course and simply
    0:20:35 faxed orders again and again and again. Problem solved. Minimum revenue lost. I was immediately
    0:20:41 ten times happier. I then identified the common characteristics of my top five customers
    0:20:47 and secured three or so similarly profiled buyers in the following week. Remember,
    0:20:54 more customers is not automatically more income. More customers is not the goal and often translates
    0:21:02 into 90% more housekeeping and a paltry one to 3% increase in income. Make no mistake,
    0:21:08 maximum income from minimal necessary effort, including minimum number of customers,
    0:21:13 is the primary goal. I duplicated my strengths, in this case my top producers,
    0:21:19 and focused on increasing the size and frequency of their orders. The end result?
    0:21:27 I went from chasing and appeasing 120 customers to simply receiving large orders from eight,
    0:21:33 with absolutely no pleading, phone calls or email haranguing. My monthly income increased
    0:21:40 from $30,000 to $60,000 in four weeks and my weekly hours immediately dropped from over 80
    0:21:47 to approximately 15. Most important, I was happy with myself and felt both optimistic
    0:21:54 and liberated for the first time in over two years. In the ensuing weeks, I applied the 80/20
    0:22:01 principle to dozens of areas, including the following. 1. Advertising. I identified the
    0:22:07 advertising that was generating 80% or more of revenue, identified the commonalities among them
    0:22:14 and multiplied them, eliminating all the rest at the same time. My advertising costs dropped over
    0:22:22 70% and my direct sales income nearly doubled from a monthly $15,000 to $25,000 in eight weeks.
    0:22:27 It would have doubled immediately had I been using radio, newspapers or television
    0:22:33 instead of magazines with long lead times. 2. Online affiliates and partners.
    0:22:39 I fired more than 250 low-yield online affiliates or put them in holding patterns
    0:22:44 to focus instead on the two affiliates who were generating 90% of the income.
    0:22:50 My management time decreased from 5 to 10 hours per week to 1 hour per month.
    0:22:55 Online partner income increased more than 50% in that same month.
    0:23:05 Slow down and remember this. Most things make no difference. Being busy is a form of laziness,
    0:23:12 lazy thinking and indiscriminate action. Being overwhelmed is often as unproductive as
    0:23:19 doing nothing and is far more unpleasant. Being selective, doing less, is the path of the productive.
    0:23:26 Focus on the important few and ignore the rest. Of course, before you can separate the wheat from
    0:23:32 the chaff and eliminate activities in a new environment, whether a new job or an entrepreneurial
    0:23:38 venture, you will need to try a lot to identify what pulls the most weight. Throw it all up on
    0:23:43 the wall and see what sticks. That’s part of the process, but it should not take more than a month
    0:23:50 or two. It’s easy to get caught in a flood of minutia, and the key to not feeling rushed is
    0:23:57 remembering that lack of time is actually lack of priorities. Take time to stop and smell the
    0:24:04 roses, or in this case, to count the pea pods. The 9 to 5 illusion and Parkinson’s law.
    0:24:12 I saw a bank that said 24 hour banking, but I don’t have that much time. Stephen Wright,
    0:24:19 comedian. If you’re an employee, spending time on nonsense is, to some extent, not your fault.
    0:24:24 There is often no incentive to use time well unless you are paid on commission.
    0:24:30 The world has agreed to shuffle papers between 9 a.m. and 5 o’clock p.m., and since you’re trapped
    0:24:36 in the office for that period of servitude, you are compelled to create activities to fill that time.
    0:24:41 Time is wasted because there is so much time available. It’s understandable.
    0:24:47 Now that you have the new goal of negotiating a remote work arrangement instead of just collecting
    0:24:54 a paycheck, it’s time to revisit the status quo and become effective. The best employees
    0:25:00 have the most leverage. For the entrepreneur, the wasteful use of time is a matter of bad habit
    0:25:07 and imitation. I am no exception. Most entrepreneurs were once employees and come from the 9 to 5
    0:25:13 culture. Thus, they adopt the same schedule, whether or not they function at 9 o’clock a.m.
    0:25:19 or need 8 hours to generate their target income. This schedule is a collective social agreement
    0:25:26 and a dinosaur legacy of the results by volume approach. How is it possible that all the people
    0:25:35 in the world need exactly 8 hours to accomplish their work? It isn’t. 9 to 5 is arbitrary.
    0:25:42 Just a quick thanks to one of our sponsors, and we’ll be right back to the show.
    0:25:48 About three weeks ago, I found myself between 10 and 12,000 feet going over the continental divide,
    0:25:53 carrying tons of weight, and I needed all the help I could get. And in those circumstances,
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    0:26:57 8 hours
    0:27:01 You don’t need 8 hours per day to become a legitimate millionaire, let alone have the
    0:27:07 means to live like one. 8 hours per week is often excessive, but I don’t expect all of you to
    0:27:13 believe me just yet. I know you probably feel as I did for a long time, there just aren’t enough
    0:27:20 hours in the day. But let’s consider a few things we can probably agree on. Since we have
    0:27:27 8 hours to fill, we fill 8 hours. If we had 15, we would fill 15. If we have an emergency and need
    0:27:33 to suddenly leave work in 2 hours but have pending deadlines, we miraculously complete
    0:27:40 those assignments in 2 hours. It is all related to a law that was introduced to me by Ed Zhao
    0:27:48 in the spring of 2000. I had arrived to class nervous and unable to concentrate. The final paper
    0:27:55 worth a full 25% of the semester’s grade was due in 24 hours. One of the options and that which
    0:28:01 I had chosen was to interview the top executives of a startup and provide an in-depth analysis
    0:28:07 of their business model. The corporate powers that be had decided last minute that I couldn’t
    0:28:14 interview two key figures or use their information due to confidentiality issues and pre-IPO
    0:28:20 precautions. Game over. I approached Ed after class to deliver the bad news.
    0:28:27 Ed, I think I’m going to need an extension on the paper. I explained the situation and Ed
    0:28:32 smiled before he replied without so much as a hint of concern. I think you’ll be okay.
    0:28:38 Entrepreneurs are those who make things happen, right? 24 hours later and one minute before the
    0:28:45 deadline, as his assistant was locking the office, I handed in a 30-page final paper. It was based
    0:28:50 on a different company I had found, interviewed, and dissected with an intense all-nighter and
    0:28:56 enough caffeine to get an entire Olympic track team disqualified. It ended up being one of the
    0:29:02 best papers I’d written in four years and I received an A. Before I left the classroom the
    0:29:11 previous day, Ed had given me some parting advice. Parkinson’s Law. Parkinson’s Law dictates that a
    0:29:18 task will swell in perceived importance and complexity in relation to the time allotted for
    0:29:24 its completion. It is the magic of the imminent deadline. If I give you 24 hours to complete
    0:29:31 a project, the time pressure forces you to focus on execution and you have no choice but to do only
    0:29:37 the bare essentials. If I give you a week to complete the same task, it’s six days of making a
    0:29:42 mountain out of a molehill. If I give you two months, God forbid, it becomes a mental monster.
    0:29:49 The end product of the shorter deadline is almost inevitably of equal or higher quality
    0:29:57 due to greater focus. This presents a very curious phenomenon. There are two synergistic approaches
    0:30:04 for increasing productivity that are inversions of each other. One, limit tasks to the important to
    0:30:12 shorten work time, 80/20. Two, shorten work time to limit tasks to the important Parkinson’s Law.
    0:30:20 The best solution is to use both together. Identify the few critical tasks that contribute
    0:30:27 most to income and schedule them with very short and clear deadlines. If you haven’t identified
    0:30:33 the mission critical tasks and set aggressive start and end times for their completion,
    0:30:39 the unimportant becomes the important. Even if you know what’s critical, without deadlines that
    0:30:45 create focus the minor tasks forced upon you, or invented in the case of the entrepreneur,
    0:30:50 will swell to consume time until another bit of minutia jumps in to replace it,
    0:30:55 leaving you at the end of the day with nothing accomplished. How else could dropping off a
    0:31:01 package at UPS, setting a few appointments and checking email consume an entire nine to five day?
    0:31:07 Don’t feel bad. I spent months jumping from one interruption to the next,
    0:31:10 feeling run by my business instead of the other way around.
    0:31:16 The 80/20 principle and Parkinson’s Law are the two cornerstone concepts that will be
    0:31:22 revisited in different forms throughout this entire section. Most inputs are useless,
    0:31:29 and time is wasted in proportion to the amount that is available. Fat free performance and time
    0:31:36 freedom begins with limiting intake overload. In the next chapter, we’ll put you on the real
    0:31:43 breakfast of champions, the low information diet. A dozen cupcakes and one question.
    0:31:50 Love of bustle is not industry, Seneca. Mountain View, California
    0:31:57 Saturdays are my days off, I offered to the crowd of strangers staring at me, friends of a friend.
    0:32:04 It was true. Can you eat all bran and chicken seven days a week? Me neither, don’t be so judgmental.
    0:32:11 Between my tenth and twelfth cupcakes, I plopped down on the couch to revel in the sugar high,
    0:32:16 until the clock struck midnight and sent me back to my adults’ vill Sunday through Friday diet.
    0:32:22 There was another party guest seated next to me on a chair, nursing a glass of wine,
    0:32:26 not his twelfth, but certainly not his first, and we struck up a conversation.
    0:32:33 As usual, I had to struggle to answer what do you do, and as usual, my answer left someone to
    0:32:40 wonder whether I was a pathological liar or a criminal. How is it possible to spend so little
    0:32:46 time on income generation? It’s a good question. It’s THE question.
    0:32:53 In almost all respects, Charney had it all. He was happily married with a two-year-old son
    0:32:59 and another due to arrive in three months. He was a successful technology salesman,
    0:33:05 and though he wanted to earn $500,000 more per year, as all do, his finances were solid.
    0:33:11 He also asked good questions. I had just returned from another trip overseas,
    0:33:16 and was planning a new adventure to Japan. He drilled me for two hours with a refrain.
    0:33:20 How is it possible to spend so little time on income generation?
    0:33:25 “If you’re interested, we can make you a case study and I’ll show you how,” I offered.
    0:33:29 Charney was in. The one thing he didn’t have was time.
    0:33:35 One email, and five weeks of practice later, Charney had good news.
    0:33:40 He had accomplished more in the last week than he had in the previous four combined.
    0:33:46 He did so while taking Monday and Friday off and spending at least two more hours per day with
    0:33:52 his family. From 40 hours per week, he was down to 18 and producing four times the results.
    0:33:57 Was it from mountaintop retreats and secret kung fu training? No.
    0:34:02 Was it a new Japanese management secret or better software?
    0:34:07 Nine. I just asked him to do one simple thing consistently without fail.
    0:34:13 At least three times per day at scheduled times he had to ask himself the following question.
    0:34:16 “Am I being productive or just active?”
    0:34:24 Charney captured the essence of this with less abstract wording. “Am I inventing things to do
    0:34:31 to avoid the important?” He eliminated all of the activities he used as crutches and began to focus
    0:34:38 on demonstrating results instead of showing dedication. Dedication is often just meaningless
    0:34:46 work in disguise. Be ruthless and cut the fat. It is possible to have your cupcake and eat it too.
    0:34:50 Q&A Questions and Actions
    0:34:56 We create stress for ourselves because you feel like you have to do it. You have to.
    0:35:03 I don’t feel that anymore. Oprah Winfrey, actress and talk show host, The Oprah Winfrey Show.
    0:35:10 The key to having more time is doing less, and there are two paths to getting there,
    0:35:19 both of which should be used together. One, define a to-do list and two, define a not-to-do list.
    0:35:27 In general terms, there are but two questions. What 20% of sources are causing 80% of my problems
    0:35:35 and unhappiness? What 20% of sources are resulting in 80% of my desired outcome and happiness?
    0:35:42 Hypothetical cases help to get us started. One, if you had a heart attack
    0:35:50 and had to work two hours per day, what would you do? Not five hours, not four hours, not three,
    0:35:55 two hours. It’s not where I want you to ultimately be, but it’s a start.
    0:36:01 Besides, I can hear your brain bubbling already. That’s ridiculous, impossible, I know, I know.
    0:36:08 If I told you that you could survive for months, functioning quite well on four hours of sleep
    0:36:14 per night, would you believe me? Probably not. Not withstanding millions of new mothers do it
    0:36:22 all the time. This exercise is not optional. The doctor has warned you, after triple bypass surgery,
    0:36:27 that if you don’t cut down your work to two hours per day for the first three months post-op,
    0:36:35 you will die. How would you do it? Two, if you had a second heart attack
    0:36:44 and had to work two hours per week, what would you do? Three, if you had a gun to your head and had
    0:36:53 to stop doing four-fifths of different time-consuming activities, what would you remove? Simplicity
    0:37:00 requires ruthlessness. If you had to stop four-fifths of time-consuming activities, email, phone calls,
    0:37:08 conversations, paperwork, meetings, advertising, customers, suppliers, products, services, etc.,
    0:37:12 what would you eliminate to keep the negative effect on income to a minimum?
    0:37:18 Used even once per month, this question alone can keep you sane and on track.
    0:37:26 Four, what are the top three activities that I use to fill time to feel as though I’ve been productive?
    0:37:32 These are usually used to postpone more important actions,
    0:37:38 often uncomfortable because there is a chance of failure or rejection. Be honest with yourself,
    0:37:42 as we all do this on occasion. What are your crutch activities?
    0:37:51 Five, who are the 20% of people who produce 80% of your enjoyment and propel you forward?
    0:37:55 And which 20% cause 80% of your depression, anger, and second guessing?
    0:38:03 Identify, positive friends versus time-consuming friends, who is helping versus hurting you,
    0:38:08 and how do you increase your time with the former while decreasing or eliminating your time with
    0:38:15 the latter? Who is causing me stress disproportionate to the time I spend with them? What will happen
    0:38:20 if I simply stop interacting with these people? Fear setting helps here.
    0:38:28 When do I feel starved for time? What commitments, thoughts, and people can I eliminate to fix this
    0:38:35 problem? Exact numbers aren’t needed to realize that we spend too much time with those who poison us
    0:38:42 with pessimism, sloth, and low expectations of themselves and the world. It is often the case
    0:38:47 that you have to fire certain friends or retire from particular social circles to have the life
    0:38:55 you want. This isn’t being mean, it is being practical. Poisonous people do not deserve your time.
    0:39:01 To think otherwise is masochistic. The best way to approach a potential break is simple,
    0:39:06 confide in them honestly but tactfully and explain your concerns. If they bite back,
    0:39:13 your conclusions have been confirmed. Drop them like any other bad habit. If they promise to change,
    0:39:18 first spend at least two weeks apart to develop other positive influences in your life
    0:39:24 and diminish psychological dependency. The next trial period should have a set duration
    0:39:31 and consist of pass or fail criteria. If this approach is too confrontational for you,
    0:39:37 just politely refuse to interact with them. Be in the middle of something when the call comes
    0:39:42 and have a prior commitment when the invitation to hang out comes. Once you see the benefits of
    0:39:47 decreased time with these people, it will be easier to stop communication altogether.
    0:39:55 I’m not going to lie, it sucks. It hurts like pulling out a splinter. But you are the average
    0:40:03 of the five people you associate with most, so do not underestimate the effects of your pessimistic,
    0:40:08 unambitious, or disorganized friends. If someone isn’t making you stronger,
    0:40:13 they’re making you weaker. Remove the splinters and you’ll thank yourself for it.
    0:40:22 6. Learn to ask. If this is the only thing I accomplish today, will I be satisfied with my day?
    0:40:28 Don’t ever arrive at the office or in front of your computer without a clear list of priorities.
    0:40:34 You’ll just read unassociated email and scramble your brain for the day. Compile your to-do list
    0:40:40 for tomorrow no later than this evening. I don’t recommend using Outlook or Computerized to-do
    0:40:47 lists, because it is possible to add an infinite number of items. I use a standard piece of paper
    0:40:53 folded in half three times, which fits perfectly in the pocket and limits you to noting only a few
    0:40:59 items. There should never be more than two mission-critical items to complete each day, never.
    0:41:06 It just isn’t necessary if they’re actually high-impact. If you are stuck trying to decide
    0:41:12 between multiple items that all seem crucial, as happens to all of us, look at each in turn and
    0:41:19 ask yourself, “If this is the only thing I accomplish today, will I be satisfied with my day?”
    0:41:26 To counter the seemingly urgent, ask yourself, “What will happen if I don’t do this?”
    0:41:33 And is it worth putting off the important to-do-it? If you haven’t already accomplished at least one
    0:41:40 important task in the day, don’t spend the last business hour returning a DVD to avoid a $5 late
    0:41:49 charge. Get the important task done and pay the $5 fine. 7. Put a post-it on your computer screen
    0:41:55 or set an Outlook reminder to alert you at least three times daily with the question,
    0:42:03 “Are you inventing things to do to avoid the important?” I also use free time-tracking software
    0:42:10 called RescueTime, rescuetime.com, to alert me when I spend more than an allotted time on certain
    0:42:17 websites or programs often used to avoid the important, Gmail, Facebook, Outlook, etc.
    0:42:24 It also summarizes your time use each week and compares your performance to peers.
    0:42:31 8. Do not multitask. I’m going to tell you what you already know.
    0:42:37 Trying to brush your teeth, talk on the phone, and answer email at the same time just doesn’t work.
    0:42:45 Eating while doing online research and instant messaging? Ditto. If you prioritize properly,
    0:42:52 there is no need to multitask. It is a symptom of task creep, doing more to feel productive
    0:43:00 while actually accomplishing less. As stated, you should have at most two primary goals or tasks
    0:43:07 per day. Do them separately from start to finish without distraction. Divided attention will result
    0:43:13 in more frequent interruptions, lapses in concentration, poorer net results, and less
    0:43:21 gratification. 9. Use Parkinson’s law on a macro and micro level.
    0:43:29 Use Parkinson’s law to accomplish more in less time, shorten schedules and deadlines to necessitate
    0:43:36 focused action instead of deliberation and procrastination. On a weekly and daily macro
    0:43:43 level, attempt to take Monday and/or Friday off, as well as leave work at 4 p.m. This will focus
    0:43:49 you to prioritize more effectively and quite possibly develop a social life. If you’re under
    0:43:55 the hawk-like watch of a boss, we’ll discuss the nuts and bolts of how to escape in later chapters.
    0:44:01 On a micro-task level, limit the number of items on your to-do list and use
    0:44:08 impossibly short deadlines to force immediate action while ignoring minutia. If doing work
    0:44:17 online or near an online computer, e.ggtimer.com is a convenient countdown timer. Just type the
    0:44:28 desired time limit directly into the URL field and hit Enter. For example, e.ggtimer.com/5minutes,
    0:44:43 e.ggtimer.com/1hour30minutes30seconds, e.ggtimer.com/30. If you just put in a number, it assumes seconds.
    0:44:50 Comfort challenge. Learn to propose. Two days.
    0:44:56 Stop asking for opinions and start proposing solutions. Begin with the small things. If
    0:45:02 someone is going to ask or asks, “Where should we eat? What movies should we watch? What should
    0:45:08 we do tonight?” or anything similar, do not reflect it back with, “Well, what do you want to?”
    0:45:16 Offer a solution. Stop the back and forth and make a decision. Practice this in both personal
    0:45:22 and professional environments. Here are a few lines that help. My favorites are the first and last.
    0:45:28 Can I make a suggestion? I propose. I’d like to propose.
    0:45:38 I suggest that what do you think? Let’s try and then try something else if that doesn’t work.
    0:45:47 Lifestyle design in action. I’m a musician who got your book because Derek Sivers at CD Baby
    0:45:54 recommended it. Checking Pareto’s law, I realized that 78% of my downloads came from just one of
    0:46:02 my CDs and that 55% of my total download income came from only five songs. It showed me what my
    0:46:08 fans are looking for and allowed me to showcase those on my website. Downloads are the way to go.
    0:46:15 iTunes sells the song and CD Baby direct deposits it to my account. Fully automated once the recording
    0:46:21 is done. There are some months I can live off download income. Once I finish paying off debt,
    0:46:26 it should be no problem to travel as an artist and create new fans all over the world and have
    0:46:35 a cyber income stream. Victor Johnson. As for outsourcing your banking, any company that needs
    0:46:42 to take checks should consider a lockbox solution. Just about any bank that does business banking
    0:46:49 offers it. All checks go to a P.O. box at the bank. The bank processes the checks and deposits them
    0:46:54 and according to your instructions can send you a file of all the checks that are deposited.
    0:47:02 Normally this can be done in either a flat, excel or other file type that can interface with any
    0:47:09 accounting systems from excel to quicken to SAP. Quite cost effective. Anonymous.
    0:47:17 Hey guys, this is Tim again. Just one more thing before you take off and that is Five Bullet Friday.
    0:47:21 Would you enjoy getting a short email from me every Friday that provides a little fun
    0:47:25 before the weekend? Between one and a half and two million people subscribe to my free newsletter,
    0:47:31 my super short newsletter called Five Bullet Friday. Easy to sign up, easy to cancel. It is
    0:47:36 basically a half page that I send out every Friday to share the coolest things I’ve found
    0:47:41 or discovered or have started exploring over that week. It’s kind of like my diary of cool things.
    0:47:47 It often includes articles I’m reading, books I’m reading, albums perhaps, gadgets, gizmos,
    0:47:53 all sorts of tech tricks and so on that get sent to me by my friends including a lot of podcasts.
    0:47:59 Guests and these strange esoteric things end up in my field and then I test them and then I share
    0:48:05 them with you. So if that sounds fun, again, it’s very short, a little tiny bite of goodness before
    0:48:10 you head off for the weekend, something to think about. If you’d like to try it out, just go to
    0:48:16 tim.vlog/friday, type that into your browser, tim.vlog/friday, drop in your email and you’ll
    0:48:22 get the very next one. Thanks for listening. As many of you know, for the last few years I’ve
    0:48:27 been sleeping on a midnight Lux mattress from today’s sponsor, Helix Sleep. I also have one in
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    0:48:37 the top, to be honest. I mean, they frequently say it’s the best night of sleep they’ve had in
    0:48:41 ages. What kind of mattresses and what do you do? What’s the magic juju? It’s something they comment
    0:48:47 on without any prompting from me whatsoever. I also recently had a chance to test the Helix Sunset
    0:48:52 Elite in a new guest bedroom which I sometimes sleep in and I picked it for its very soft but
    0:48:57 supportive feel to help with some lower back pain that I’ve had. The Sunset Elite delivers
    0:49:01 exceptional comfort while putting the right support in the right spots. It is made with
    0:49:06 five tailored foam layers including a base layer with full perimeter zoned lumbar support
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    0:49:15 contouring feel. Which also means if I feel like I want to sleep on my side I can do that without
    0:49:20 worrying about other aches and pains I might create. And with a luxurious pillow top for pressure
    0:49:25 relief, I look forward to nestling into that bed every night that I use it. The best part of course
    0:49:31 is that it helps me wake up feeling fully rested with a back that feels supple instead of
    0:49:36 stiff. That is the name of the game for me these days. Helix offers a 100 night sleep trial,
    0:49:42 fast free shipping and a 15 year warranty so check it all out. And you my dear listeners can get
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    0:49:58 to check it out. That’s helixsleep.com/tim. With Helix, better sleep starts now.
    0:50:05 One of the first times I really explored quantum computing on the podcast was with legendary
    0:50:12 investor Steve Gerbertson. This was way back in 2018. Quantum computers can process exponentially
    0:50:17 more data than classical computers and can one day crack encryption algorithms that are currently
    0:50:23 secure. So there is an arms race afoot and it is good to get ahead of it if you can. That’s why
    0:50:30 ExpressVPN, this episode’s sponsor, Thinking Ahead, has upgraded their encryption to use ML Chem,
    0:50:35 which is the strongest available protection from post quantum threats. A VPN or virtual private
    0:50:41 network is already the best way to secure your privacy while online. I use ExpressVPN anytime,
    0:50:46 I’m on public Wi-Fi, whether that’s at a coffee shop, airport or anywhere at all. You can also do
    0:50:51 some very fun stuff with choosing your server. If for instance you can’t access content that is
    0:50:56 blocked somewhere, it’s very, very useful. And with ExpressVPN, all of your online activity is
    0:51:01 rerouted through encrypted servers. So no one can read your data or try to hijack your connection,
    0:51:05 whether that’s a data broker profiting off of your private online activity or
    0:51:10 hackers who are lurking on public Wi-Fi to steal your confidential information. It’s actually a
    0:51:15 lot easier to sniff those packets and steal your data than you might think. So it’s good to have
    0:51:21 protection. And now with post quantum protection, ExpressVPN is essentially future-proofing their
    0:51:26 customer’s privacy. So to get the highest standard of protection from your VPN service,
    0:51:33 go to expressvpn.com/tim. You’ll get four extra months for free when you use that link,
    0:51:46 so be sure to check it out. That’s expressvpn.com/tim for an extra four months for free.

    This time around, we have a bit of a different format, featuring the book that started it all for me, The 4-Hour Workweek. Readers and listeners often ask me what I would change or update, but an equally interesting question is: what wouldn’t I change? What stands the test of time and hasn’t lost any potency? This episode features one of the most important chapters from the audiobook of The 4-Hour Workweek. It includes tools and frameworks that I use to this day, including Pareto’s Law and Parkinson’s Law. 

    The chapter is narrated by the great voice actor Ray Porter. If you are interested in checking out the rest of the audiobook, which is produced and copyrighted by Blackstone Publishing, you can find it on Audible, Apple, Google, Spotify, Downpour.com, or wherever you find your favorite audiobooks.

    Sponsors:

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    Helix Sleep premium mattresses: https://HelixSleep.com/Tim (Between 20% and 27% off all mattress orders and two free pillows)

    *

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  • MrBeast Shares His Best Business Advice

    AI transcript
    0:00:00 – Let’s go.
    0:00:02 – So here we go.
    0:00:03 I have it here.
    0:00:04 This is the Mr. B’s secret.
    0:00:06 – I don’t know if I should be concerned.
    0:00:08 – And I guess you faked going to college?
    0:00:10 – Oh, that’s a juicy one.
    0:00:12 – On your hundredth video, you wrote your stats.
    0:00:13 – I didn’t do that, I remember that.
    0:00:15 – It’s not like at a hundred you were rich and famous.
    0:00:17 – People say it takes 10,000 hours to master something.
    0:00:19 And I’m like, that’s when you start.
    0:00:20 – But you know like nobody does this, right?
    0:00:22 – I don’t understand why.
    0:00:23 – So we want to do an exercise.
    0:00:24 – To see.
    0:00:25 – If I can come up with a viral idea.
    0:00:27 – But with a budget of $1,000.
    0:00:28 – Yeah, exactly.
    0:00:30 – So we’re going to do a random word generator.
    0:00:32 – They’re going to think this is rigged.
    0:00:34 – All right, so they gave us the word grandmother.
    0:00:38 So what’s a viral idea with a grandmother?
    0:00:41 I mean, bro, if you actually want like a mega-manger.
    0:00:43 ♪ I feel like I can rule the world ♪
    0:00:46 ♪ I know I could be what I want to ♪
    0:00:48 ♪ I put my all in it like no days off ♪
    0:00:51 ♪ On a road less traveled never looked back ♪
    0:00:51 – What’s up?
    0:00:52 – How’s it going boys?
    0:00:53 – Hey, how you doing?
    0:00:54 – Let’s go.
    0:00:55 So it’s been two years.
    0:00:56 Lots to update people on then.
    0:00:59 I think your business has grown like 10X since then.
    0:01:00 – Probably something like that, yeah.
    0:01:02 – Yeah, it’s wild to see.
    0:01:04 In fact, actually, this is kind of where I want to start
    0:01:07 because you walk in, we’re in your office.
    0:01:09 This is like Jimmy’s actual office
    0:01:11 and it’s easy to see the size and scale.
    0:01:13 And now it looks like, of course, you know, like,
    0:01:16 this is all, yeah, this is all happening.
    0:01:18 But I like to see that journey.
    0:01:20 And I actually want to play a clip for you.
    0:01:23 – So we’re starting off with the origin story
    0:01:24 that sounds like.
    0:01:24 – You’re going to hate this.
    0:01:25 – This letter room.
    0:01:26 – You’re going to hate this.
    0:01:29 – Let’s, this is from a video on your YouTube channel
    0:01:30 called Quitting.
    0:01:31 – Oh God.
    0:01:32 – I don’t know if you remember this.
    0:01:33 – Oh God.
    0:01:34 – Do you know what you’re about to hear?
    0:01:35 – I remember uploading this video.
    0:01:37 I cannot, I do not remember a single thing
    0:01:38 I said in this video.
    0:01:42 – You guys make it really hard to quit.
    0:01:44 It’s been a month since I uploaded to YouTube.
    0:01:47 And to be honest, I was pretty sure I was done with YouTube.
    0:01:48 I kind of want to start uploading.
    0:01:51 Like I feel like my YouTube channel has so much potential.
    0:01:53 I made over half a thousand dollars in money
    0:01:54 off of this channel.
    0:01:57 I feel like this channel could grow like money aside,
    0:01:59 just I could become famous,
    0:02:01 which would be awesome in and of itself.
    0:02:03 So I don’t know.
    0:02:04 I might start uploading it.
    0:02:05 – Is this AI?
    0:02:06 – This is you dude.
    0:02:09 – I don’t remember saying any of that.
    0:02:09 Whoa.
    0:02:11 – How loud is that dude?
    0:02:12 – Oh my gosh.
    0:02:14 I was making $500 a month.
    0:02:16 Why would I quit?
    0:02:17 – And in the thing you’re talking about,
    0:02:19 you’re like, you know, I’ve been busy with sports
    0:02:20 and I just haven’t been as consistent.
    0:02:22 And then what you said was you were like,
    0:02:24 the comments have kept me going.
    0:02:25 – Yeah.
    0:02:25 – You’re like, I logged in today.
    0:02:28 I wasn’t planning to upload, but I saw 20 comments.
    0:02:29 And you know what?
    0:02:31 I think I might keep uploading.
    0:02:32 (laughing)
    0:02:34 – Man, that’s crazy. – What a fork in the right.
    0:02:34 – Yeah.
    0:02:37 That was also around the time I got Crohn’s disease
    0:02:38 ’cause I was really into baseball
    0:02:40 and I wanted to play baseball in college.
    0:02:42 And so I was all in on baseball
    0:02:43 and there was constant tug and pool
    0:02:45 where like one day I’d wake up and I’d be like,
    0:02:47 I want to be trying to play in the MLD,
    0:02:49 which I had zero shot of, I never would have.
    0:02:51 But you know, you’re delusional when you’re a little kid.
    0:02:52 And then the next day I’d be like,
    0:02:53 you know, I want to be a YouTuber
    0:02:55 and this is more realistic and I can make money.
    0:02:57 And then I got Crohn’s and I went from 200 pounds
    0:02:59 and I was weightlifting every day down to 139
    0:03:03 on the verge of dying and I lost every ounce of muscle I had.
    0:03:04 I was like, well, I just made this easier.
    0:03:05 You too.
    0:03:07 I was probably like 14, 15 at the time.
    0:03:09 And then yeah, that’s so–
    0:03:10 – Sometimes life is working for you.
    0:03:13 – Yeah, that was probably around that time there too.
    0:03:15 So I was probably going through Crohn’s during that
    0:03:17 and trying to figure out like, am I doing YouTube?
    0:03:17 Am I doing baseball?
    0:03:20 ‘Cause I’m a very all in kind of guy.
    0:03:21 Wow.
    0:03:22 And so, I mean, just to hear you be like–
    0:03:23 – $500 a month, that’s crazy.
    0:03:24 – No, no, no, no.
    0:03:25 Half a thousand.
    0:03:26 – Half a thousand.
    0:03:28 (laughing)
    0:03:30 I don’t even heard that, that’s amazing.
    0:03:31 – I was richer than I thought back then.
    0:03:34 So I mean, no, I was definitely capped in.
    0:03:36 I was not making $500 a month.
    0:03:38 Or maybe I had one month I made $500 and I was like,
    0:03:40 okay, maybe someone from school might see this
    0:03:41 and I want to flex.
    0:03:44 As I was like, when I graduated from high school,
    0:03:45 I was making nothing.
    0:03:47 I was not making $6,000 a year back then.
    0:03:49 – Dude, you had this great quote.
    0:03:51 You go, I started making videos when I was 11.
    0:03:52 No one watched when I was 11.
    0:03:53 No one watched when I was 12.
    0:03:55 No one watched when I was 13.
    0:03:57 14, is anyone ever gonna watch these things?
    0:03:58 16, nobody’s watching.
    0:04:00 17, oh, I’m about to graduate high school.
    0:04:03 Still, no one is watching my videos.
    0:04:04 – Yep, and 18, no one watched though.
    0:04:05 I think it was around 19
    0:04:07 where I started to really figure it out.
    0:04:10 – And I think, so why are we doing this episode, right?
    0:04:13 Our audience is not trying to be YouTubers.
    0:04:14 It’s mostly business, founders, investors.
    0:04:15 – It works for you.
    0:04:17 – Yeah, yeah, I’m kind of a YouTuber now.
    0:04:18 You got me.
    0:04:20 What I like about you is that your approach
    0:04:24 to whether it’s YouTube, selling chocolate,
    0:04:25 losing weight, whatever it is,
    0:04:27 you have a certain mentality.
    0:04:28 I think you were wired differently.
    0:04:31 I think in 20 years, I’m gonna be able to look,
    0:04:32 I’m gonna show my kids and be like, yeah,
    0:04:35 before Jimmy was president, you came on my podcast.
    0:04:37 We sat at this little table.
    0:04:39 So I honestly think you’re wired differently
    0:04:41 and I wanna share those with audience
    0:04:43 that anybody can use, whether you wanna be a swimmer,
    0:04:44 you wanna be a YouTuber,
    0:04:47 you wanna be a business person, whatever.
    0:04:48 I also called your assistant.
    0:04:51 – Called your thumbnail guy.
    0:04:52 – Are they didn’t even tell me that?
    0:04:53 What?
    0:04:54 – And so here we go.
    0:04:55 I have it here.
    0:04:56 This is the Mr. Beast secrets.
    0:04:57 And so.
    0:04:58 – I don’t know if I should be concerned.
    0:04:59 – We’re gonna go through these.
    0:05:02 These are nine of what I consider to be your rules.
    0:05:04 Now you could tell me if these are both.
    0:05:06 – Are you making this a game?
    0:05:07 He’s laying in front of me.
    0:05:08 – Here you go.
    0:05:09 So we’re gonna play this game.
    0:05:12 And each one of these is to me a rule of Mr. Beast.
    0:05:13 It’s something we’ve seen about the way you operate.
    0:05:15 And I want you to kind of talk about these.
    0:05:16 So this is number one.
    0:05:17 – Okay.
    0:05:18 Burn the boats.
    0:05:19 Burn the boats.
    0:05:20 So burn the boats.
    0:05:21 Your mom wanted you to go to college.
    0:05:24 And I guess you faked going to college.
    0:05:25 You pretended to go.
    0:05:26 What is the story?
    0:05:27 – Oh, that’s a juicy one.
    0:05:29 So well, first off,
    0:05:31 we didn’t have the kind of money to go to a real college.
    0:05:34 So it was just like a free community college.
    0:05:37 But yeah, my mom, because she grew up pretty traditionally,
    0:05:40 the military worked her whole life.
    0:05:41 But then in 2008, she lost everything
    0:05:43 when the real estate collapsed.
    0:05:45 And so lost all her savings and stuff.
    0:05:47 Like we went bankrupt and had to file for bankruptcy.
    0:05:49 Like, so she’s like very paranoid.
    0:05:52 She just wants her kid to like go get a job
    0:05:53 and like not fuck up and not do any,
    0:05:54 if she’s very risk adverse.
    0:05:56 And so that was a constant tug and pull
    0:05:58 ’cause I’m like, I’m gonna be a YouTuber or homeless.
    0:06:00 And she’d be like, maybe you could be homeless.
    0:06:02 And I’m like, okay, I mean, it is what it is.
    0:06:03 I don’t care.
    0:06:04 I’m gonna be a YouTuber.
    0:06:06 And she just never clicked in her head to her.
    0:06:08 It’s like, if he doesn’t get a college degree,
    0:06:10 he’s like, my son’s a failure.
    0:06:11 I just wasted 18 years.
    0:06:13 Like he’s, he’s not gonna be able to provide.
    0:06:16 So for her, it was like either college or my life’s ruined.
    0:06:17 Cause that’s just how her brain’s wired.
    0:06:19 And because she went through so much.
    0:06:22 And so when I was like, I don’t want to go.
    0:06:24 She was just like, then leave, get out of the house.
    0:06:26 Like I can’t, I just can’t bear the sight of my son
    0:06:28 just sitting around and in, you know,
    0:06:29 just throwing his life away.
    0:06:31 And I didn’t have enough money to move out.
    0:06:32 So I was like, frick.
    0:06:34 And luckily the community college is so cheap.
    0:06:35 It’s not like she was wasting money on it.
    0:06:38 So I was like, okay, I’ll go to college.
    0:06:40 And then I mean, I just flat out lied to her.
    0:06:42 Like I was like, I’ll do it.
    0:06:44 But you know, I had no intention of actually doing it.
    0:06:47 And so I went just to see what it was like.
    0:06:49 And I was like, well, maybe I’m like being a little dramatic.
    0:06:51 And I went to class for like a week.
    0:06:52 Horrible. It was so boring.
    0:06:55 I mean, I swear like the teacher was just reading out of the book.
    0:06:57 And I was like, why, why do I have to,
    0:06:58 I could just read the book.
    0:06:59 Like what are we doing?
    0:07:01 You know, and I said that to some of the people around me.
    0:07:03 And they’re like, yeah, that’s what education is.
    0:07:04 Stop complaining.
    0:07:07 And I’m like, I just was my head hurt.
    0:07:09 And so then I was like, it is what it is.
    0:07:11 Like I have like a six month time clock
    0:07:13 where I have to make enough money where I can move out
    0:07:14 because once my mom knows,
    0:07:15 I’m screwed.
    0:07:16 She’s going to kick me out of the house.
    0:07:18 Honestly, I would want to leave the house
    0:07:21 because I know it’s going to make her depressed and very sad.
    0:07:23 So you just didn’t go after that?
    0:07:25 Yeah. So I would go every day, go.
    0:07:26 And then I would just sit in like this,
    0:07:29 like I had a really old, like Dodge Durango
    0:07:30 that was super used a lot of miles.
    0:07:32 And I would just sit in the Dodge Durango and like edit videos.
    0:07:34 And I film at night and I’d come home.
    0:07:36 And would you come back and be like, school was great now?
    0:07:37 Yeah. I was just like, yeah, you know,
    0:07:38 she’d make house college.
    0:07:41 And I was like, you know, and then we went on.
    0:07:43 And I just wouldn’t tell her that I’d stop going.
    0:07:44 But you burned the boats. You’re like, all right,
    0:07:46 I got six months. Exactly.
    0:07:48 I got to either make it or she gets through.
    0:07:49 And somehow I figured it out.
    0:07:52 I don’t even remember, but we,
    0:07:55 I had a month where I made 20 grand right before it was time,
    0:07:57 like the window was almost up.
    0:07:59 And then I just told my mom, I was like,
    0:08:01 I haven’t been going, I’m failing.
    0:08:04 I found a place down the road, it’s 700 bucks a month.
    0:08:07 Sorry. She’s like, all right.
    0:08:10 Hey, real quick, I’m trying something special
    0:08:11 for this episode. Let me know if you like it.
    0:08:13 We were talking to Jimmy and before these episodes,
    0:08:16 I do 30, 40 hours of research and prep.
    0:08:19 And I make detailed notes that for me,
    0:08:21 make it super easy to remember all the key takeaways.
    0:08:22 But for the first time,
    0:08:23 I’m actually going to give those notes to you
    0:08:26 so you can get them for free in the description below.
    0:08:29 It’s my notes, the key takeaways from this episode.
    0:08:30 Go ahead and grab it.
    0:08:32 It’s down in the description below.
    0:08:35 Is this kind of a strategy for you where you’re like,
    0:08:37 I don’t think it’s a strategy to support my personality.
    0:08:38 I’m a very obsessive person.
    0:08:41 Like if you told me to like do a hundred things,
    0:08:42 I would struggle at it.
    0:08:43 But if you told me to think on this one thing
    0:08:45 every second of the day for the next 10 years,
    0:08:46 like I can do that pretty easily.
    0:08:49 So I like to just obsess over something.
    0:08:51 I like to dream about it, wake up, think about it,
    0:08:52 think about it, think about it, think about it,
    0:08:54 think about it, more work on it, work on it,
    0:08:55 work on it, think about it, think about it,
    0:08:57 dream about it and just do that every single day.
    0:08:59 Like that, to me, it comes very naturally.
    0:09:00 What was your observation?
    0:09:01 We just went to Walmart with Jimmy.
    0:09:02 You did.
    0:09:03 Jimmy, we haven’t talked about this.
    0:09:04 Most of your items probably doesn’t even know.
    0:09:05 I sell chocolate.
    0:09:07 We have a feastable since the childhood company
    0:09:09 and I’m sure we’ll go into that at some point.
    0:09:10 Yeah.
    0:09:12 So this episode has brought you by feastables.
    0:09:13 So I took him to a Walmart
    0:09:15 just because it’s my favorite thing to do.
    0:09:17 At my free time, I go walk up and down chocolate aisles
    0:09:19 in different retailers and so I brought him along.
    0:09:21 He was telling us everything about merchandising,
    0:09:23 everything, not just about feastables
    0:09:25 but about competitive chocolate companies.
    0:09:28 He was showing us like talking numbers of sales.
    0:09:30 Dude, I thought like influencers,
    0:09:31 it’s just like you give them a product.
    0:09:34 They’re like, oh, this, okay guys, hey, buy this.
    0:09:36 You know the chocolate game inside and out.
    0:09:40 He was in the aisles, like reconfiguring the SKUs,
    0:09:41 making everything straight.
    0:09:43 I like landed in DC for a layover
    0:09:44 to then fly to North Carolina.
    0:09:47 And then I got off the plane to go to my connective flight
    0:09:48 and I was like, wait a minute.
    0:09:50 And then I just opened up like Google Maps
    0:09:51 and I searched Walmart and I was like,
    0:09:54 I can just drive there and hit 25 Walmarts on the way home.
    0:09:56 And so then it was like 10 a.m.
    0:09:58 And then I just skipped my connective flight,
    0:10:00 just rented a car and I drove from DC,
    0:10:02 visited every Walmart on the way to North Carolina.
    0:10:04 I didn’t get home till like 9 p.m.
    0:10:05 And I just like, it was like–
    0:10:08 – I wonder if the CEO Hershey’s has done that.
    0:10:09 – Probably not.
    0:10:10 – I wonder if he’s doing it.
    0:10:11 And then the guy–
    0:10:12 – It’s a problem.
    0:10:13 – Your friend who was like,
    0:10:13 have you gone to Walmart with him?
    0:10:14 They’re like, yeah, I don’t know.
    0:10:15 Jimmy has like a badge.
    0:10:17 Like if something’s out of stock,
    0:10:20 he just goes in the back and restocks it himself.
    0:10:22 Do they give you like, do you have some way of like–
    0:10:24 – Well, it’s a vendor’s license.
    0:10:26 So a lot of people have vendor’s license like beverage,
    0:10:28 like Coca-Cola, so they have a direct sales network word.
    0:10:31 You can fit like theoretically 10,000 chocolate bars
    0:10:31 in a palette.
    0:10:33 You can only fit 500 Coke cans.
    0:10:36 So it’s like a lot harder to store 10,000 cans of Coke
    0:10:37 than it’s 10,000 chocolate bars.
    0:10:40 So for that, they have Coke charts that some Walmart’s,
    0:10:41 they go to every single day
    0:10:42 and they’ll just take the product
    0:10:45 and go put it in the back for the Walmart employees
    0:10:46 and then they’ll go stock the shelves and everything.
    0:10:48 So Walmart’s pretty transparent about that,
    0:10:51 which I was, when I first got into the CPG game,
    0:10:52 I was like, no shot.
    0:10:53 Like they’re just gonna let us do it.
    0:10:56 But yeah, if your product’s out of stock on the shelf
    0:10:56 and you have a vendor’s license,
    0:10:58 you can go in the back, scan it in and put it on the shelf.
    0:10:59 – Smart.
    0:11:01 – Yeah, I mean, you could argue it’s not a good use
    0:11:02 for your time and I don’t know why I do it.
    0:11:03 It’s kind of therapeutic.
    0:11:05 I just love going to Walmart to fix the product
    0:11:07 and I like just observing it,
    0:11:08 like what it looks like on the shelf,
    0:11:09 seeing what the competition’s doing,
    0:11:11 just seeing who’s grabbing it and buying it.
    0:11:13 – It’s like those memes, like men won’t go to therapy,
    0:11:14 but they’ll do this.
    0:11:15 (laughing)
    0:11:16 This is your thing, right?
    0:11:19 – Organize a chocolate aisle in Target or Walmart.
    0:11:21 – So let’s do rule number two.
    0:11:24 This one, go ahead, we can reveal this.
    0:11:25 I think you know what this one is.
    0:11:27 – Rule of 100.
    0:11:28 I know.
    0:11:28 – I gave it a name.
    0:11:30 So this is, I’m gonna quote you on this.
    0:11:31 So this was somebody, you know,
    0:11:33 I’m sure you could ask this a million times.
    0:11:34 – Okay.
    0:11:36 – What advice do you have for me as a YouTuber?
    0:11:38 How do I be successful on YouTube?
    0:11:40 And you said this thing that to me was like,
    0:11:43 every creator should print this and put it on their wall.
    0:11:44 – Oh God, what did I say?
    0:11:45 – This applies to everything.
    0:11:47 You go, look, your first videos,
    0:11:48 not gonna get views, period.
    0:11:51 – Make 100 videos, improve something every time
    0:11:52 on the 100th one, then ask questions.
    0:11:53 – To me, that’s the rule of 100.
    0:11:56 Is before you come ask for advice,
    0:11:57 it’s like have you made 100 videos
    0:11:59 and every time try to make one thing better.
    0:12:01 And that’s like also very achievable too.
    0:12:04 It’s not like some insurmountable thing to do.
    0:12:05 It’s like, all right, I’m gonna make my intro better.
    0:12:08 I’m gonna make my editing better or whatever it is.
    0:12:10 And the beauty of what you said was,
    0:12:12 I think the way you said it, you were like,
    0:12:13 if you do that a hundred times,
    0:12:15 and I say, come talk to me after you’ve done the hundred,
    0:12:17 people, 900% of people just don’t do it.
    0:12:19 And then the 1% of people who do,
    0:12:20 they don’t need me after that.
    0:12:22 Like you figure it out, which is-
    0:12:24 – And it’s more of a metaphorical mindset
    0:12:25 because that’s the thing.
    0:12:29 It’s most people who like need advice
    0:12:30 is just go do it and learn to failure.
    0:12:32 I’m a big fan of just trial by fire,
    0:12:34 go do it, fuck up a bunch of times
    0:12:36 and like get 0.1% better
    0:12:37 and then do that for a couple of years.
    0:12:39 – I have a couple other pictures to show you.
    0:12:41 So this is one, this is one of your thumbnails.
    0:12:42 – Oh God.
    0:12:43 – During your ride-
    0:12:43 – That’s still on my channel.
    0:12:47 – So I went and I looked at your first hundred.
    0:12:48 I was like, all right, he said the rule of a hundred,
    0:12:50 let me go look at his first hundred.
    0:12:52 And I saw this and like today you’re probably known
    0:12:55 as like one of the best, smartest thumbnail people
    0:12:56 in the world, right?
    0:12:57 – Black Ops do shotgun gameplay
    0:13:00 with commentary PS4 or Xbox.
    0:13:02 – I suck at making thumbnails,
    0:13:04 which is honestly dope because most people,
    0:13:05 if they feel like they’re bad at something,
    0:13:06 they just don’t do it.
    0:13:07 – Yeah.
    0:13:08 – They shy away.
    0:13:09 – Yeah.
    0:13:10 – And then you have this other one,
    0:13:11 which is like your hundredth video.
    0:13:12 On your hundredth video, you wrote your stats.
    0:13:14 You go, subscribers.
    0:13:15 – I did do that.
    0:13:15 I remember that.
    0:13:17 – 730 subscribers.
    0:13:18 So on your rule of a hundred,
    0:13:20 it’s not like at a hundred you were rich and famous.
    0:13:21 – Yeah.
    0:13:22 – Right.
    0:13:25 – And honestly, yeah, probably 150 of them
    0:13:27 are me asking people on Xbox Live to subscribe.
    0:13:29 Like when I be playing Call of Duty and like a game chat,
    0:13:32 I’d be like, “Yo, subscribe to my channel.”
    0:13:33 So.
    0:13:34 – What do you see people get wrong
    0:13:35 about the rule of a hundred?
    0:13:37 – Most people just aren’t as obsessed
    0:13:38 with improving things.
    0:13:39 They get like pigeonholed in the box
    0:13:41 and they’re like, “Oh, I just need to improve.”
    0:13:42 I mean, this applies to everything,
    0:13:43 but I guess specifically content.
    0:13:46 They’ll be like, “Oh, I just need to write better jokes
    0:13:47 or I need to have better camera or this.”
    0:13:49 And then it’s just a mindset.
    0:13:51 Like every single thing can be improved.
    0:13:53 There’s no such thing as a perfect video.
    0:13:55 You know, from, I mean, you can go as low as you want
    0:13:57 to like the coloring, to what you’re wearing,
    0:14:00 to how you speak, to how long the video is.
    0:14:03 I mean, there’s nothing that you can’t improve.
    0:14:05 And so like just having that mindset
    0:14:07 where you’re always trying to get better
    0:14:08 and like applying that to everything across the board,
    0:14:11 not just narrowing in on this one little thing.
    0:14:13 But also with this, honestly,
    0:14:15 a lot of people are mentors, they just don’t listen.
    0:14:17 So they’ll ask me for advice
    0:14:18 and like the ones who will listen,
    0:14:21 they’ll take their revenue from like 30K to 400K a month
    0:14:22 or their goal subs or whatever it is.
    0:14:23 I can show them how to hit it.
    0:14:25 But a lot of times just people ask for advice.
    0:14:27 I’ll say it’ll be like in one ear and out the other.
    0:14:29 And like, so those are the worst.
    0:14:33 – I use this because I was studying Seinfeld recently.
    0:14:34 And I don’t know if you know,
    0:14:35 Seinfeld has this daily thing.
    0:14:37 Seinfeld is now like 70 years old.
    0:14:39 He’s still like in the stand-up comedy game.
    0:14:42 He’s the only stand-up billionaire like ever.
    0:14:44 So he’s the only comedian who’s a billionaire.
    0:14:44 It’s pretty crazy.
    0:14:45 And so I was like, all right,
    0:14:46 what can I learn from Seinfeld?
    0:14:48 And one of the things he did was he was like,
    0:14:50 every day for like the last 45 years,
    0:14:52 I wake up and my first two hours of the day, I write.
    0:14:53 He’s like, I write jokes.
    0:14:55 He’s like, guess what, if you want to get good at jokes,
    0:14:56 you write jokes every day.
    0:14:57 And he’s like, every day
    0:14:59 I just try to make it one better than the other.
    0:15:00 They talk about writer’s block.
    0:15:01 He’s like, that’s nonsense.
    0:15:05 He goes, my rule is I sit down, I don’t have to write.
    0:15:06 I just can’t do anything else.
    0:15:08 And he’s like, and then that makes me write.
    0:15:09 And I’ve been doing that.
    0:15:10 And he has this yellow legal pad
    0:15:12 of all the pages he ever did.
    0:15:15 And he literally laid them out on a road.
    0:15:16 And he like paved the whole road.
    0:15:18 It became like a yellow brick road basically.
    0:15:19 It’s incredible.
    0:15:20 – Do you know how many hours that is?
    0:15:22 Two hours a day for 45 years?
    0:15:24 30,000 hours, right?
    0:15:24 – Yeah.
    0:15:25 – That’s the thing.
    0:15:27 People say it takes 10,000 hours to master something.
    0:15:31 And I’m like, 10,000 hours, that’s when you start.
    0:15:35 That’s the mindset you need with like the rule of 100.
    0:15:37 It’s not, because 10,000 hours, what is that?
    0:15:40 It’s only like eight hours a day every day for four years.
    0:15:41 – Yeah, exactly.
    0:15:42 – It’s not that, they get crazy.
    0:15:44 But to a lot of people, that’s the saying,
    0:15:46 10,000 hours in your master.
    0:15:47 I think it should be 100,000 hours to be honest.
    0:15:49 I think 10 is too easy.
    0:15:52 – So if Seinfeld is like locking himself in a room.
    0:15:54 In something, I can’t do anything but write jokes.
    0:15:55 Do you ever have to do that?
    0:15:56 Or is it just–
    0:15:57 – No, this is what I live for.
    0:15:58 – Yeah.
    0:16:00 – So I mean, I just, I wake up, I walk in the studio
    0:16:02 and normally this whiteboard over here,
    0:16:03 we erased it, I guess it wouldn’t be leaked,
    0:16:05 but it have all the businesses, all the piles,
    0:16:07 all the bottlenecks, anything I could do
    0:16:08 to push things forward.
    0:16:09 And it’s all listed out.
    0:16:11 And there’d be probably three or 400 things.
    0:16:12 And then we’d go through at the start of each week
    0:16:15 and we’d just pick what needs to be done to,
    0:16:17 what should we prioritize, et cetera, et cetera.
    0:16:18 So it’d be like feastables.
    0:16:20 It’s like, you know, ethical sourcing.
    0:16:21 Here’s three things that need to be done.
    0:16:23 Here’s all the major bottlenecks that if you stepped in,
    0:16:24 you could push it forward.
    0:16:27 Content, toys, lunch, whatever.
    0:16:29 So that’s more how I structure my days is like,
    0:16:31 ’cause we just have a lot going on.
    0:16:33 And it’s just like making sure what I’m working on
    0:16:35 is the most efficient thing.
    0:16:38 Because if there’s like 10 people sitting around
    0:16:39 waiting on me to make a decision to go work,
    0:16:40 that shouldn’t be a Friday thing.
    0:16:43 That should be a fucking Monday at 9.01 a.m. thing.
    0:16:44 You know what I mean?
    0:16:45 So it’s very even just,
    0:16:47 just figure out what I need to accomplish in a week.
    0:16:49 And then even the order of what we do is very important.
    0:16:50 – You wanna do this?
    0:16:51 – Yeah, you wanna do it, Jimmy?
    0:16:53 Let’s see this bad boy.
    0:16:54 You can make anything viral.
    0:16:57 – So in your, can we talk about your leaked?
    0:16:58 – Yeah, of course.
    0:16:59 – The document.
    0:17:00 – How to succeed.
    0:17:01 – Yeah, you did a podcast on it.
    0:17:02 – So we wanna do an exercise.
    0:17:03 – Exercise is a challenge.
    0:17:04 – A challenge.
    0:17:05 – A challenge.
    0:17:07 – To see if I can come up with a viral idea.
    0:17:08 – Yeah, exactly.
    0:17:09 – Okay.
    0:17:10 The problem here, I’m down for this.
    0:17:12 The only, the ironic thing is,
    0:17:14 the only one here who will actually know if it’s viral or not
    0:17:15 is me.
    0:17:16 (laughing)
    0:17:17 – You’re grading yourself here, right?
    0:17:18 – I know.
    0:17:20 – It’s that meme where Obama’s putting the medal on himself.
    0:17:20 – Exactly.
    0:17:21 ‘Cause you guys could be like,
    0:17:23 – I don’t think they’ll get a hundred million views
    0:17:24 and I’ll just go, no.
    0:17:24 (laughing)
    0:17:26 – But here’s the stipulation.
    0:17:27 Take a normal thing.
    0:17:28 – Yeah.
    0:17:29 – Make it an interesting viral idea,
    0:17:30 but with a budget of a thousand dollars.
    0:17:31 – A thousand dollars.
    0:17:32 – ‘Cause it’s easy to say, oh,
    0:17:33 Mr. Beast would just put a million dollars on the line.
    0:17:34 – No, you can make it 10 grand.
    0:17:35 – Okay, 10 grand, 10 grand.
    0:17:36 – Okay.
    0:17:37 – And you said you used to use random word generators.
    0:17:38 – Oh, I did all the time.
    0:17:40 – So we gave you a random word generator.
    0:17:41 If you hit, I don’t remember what you said.
    0:17:42 – Generate random words.
    0:17:54 – You can pay, you can flip through a few until you find a word.
    0:17:56 – Right, that got hundreds of millions of views.
    0:17:58 Me laying in a coffin, it’s like, holy shit.
    0:17:59 Put a coffin 10 feet on the ground,
    0:18:01 cover with 20,000 pounds of dirt.
    0:18:02 I’m literally in a coffin for a week.
    0:18:03 That’s cool.
    0:18:04 That’s viral.
    0:18:06 That was seven days of me laying down.
    0:18:08 I theoretically could have, instead of doing that,
    0:18:11 laid in just a bathtub for seven days.
    0:18:12 No one would have gave a fuck.
    0:18:13 Like that video wouldn’t have,
    0:18:15 but in theory, it’s the same amount of time,
    0:18:16 at least from a film and perspective.
    0:18:17 Logistically, maybe not.
    0:18:20 But in theory, both for me just laying down for seven days.
    0:18:22 But one is super fucking viral.
    0:18:23 The other no one cares about.
    0:18:24 And so that’s like the power of ideas.
    0:18:27 Like an idea, with the right idea,
    0:18:28 you can do the exact same amount of work
    0:18:31 as a different idea, but get 50 X to return.
    0:18:34 So that’s why I’m so adamant about generating good ideas.
    0:18:34 All right.
    0:18:37 So I just hit random, create random words.
    0:18:38 – Choc.
    0:18:39 – Choc.
    0:18:39 – Choc, that’s easy.
    0:18:41 – They’re gonna think this is true.
    0:18:42 – Here you go.
    0:18:43 – Send chocolate.
    0:18:45 This is a random word generator, bro.
    0:18:46 They’re not gonna,
    0:18:47 they’re gonna think this whole thing’s safe.
    0:18:48 – Let’s do a new one, non-chocolate.
    0:18:49 – Grandmother.
    0:18:51 All right, so they gave us the word grandmother.
    0:18:54 So what’s a viral idea with a grandmother
    0:18:57 that could be done for $10,000?
    0:19:00 I mean, bro, if you actually want like a mega-manger,
    0:19:05 I would do, I completing a hundred year old’s bucket list.
    0:19:06 – Oh, so you would meet a grandma?
    0:19:07 – Yeah, I’d find a grandma.
    0:19:08 I mean, if you really wanted to,
    0:19:09 I wouldn’t say I would do this,
    0:19:11 but if you wanted like a viral, viral video,
    0:19:12 I’d find a grandmother who’s like,
    0:19:15 terminally ill and I’d take her and her grandkids
    0:19:17 and come, you know, do everything in the bucket list for them.
    0:19:18 Like, bro, that-
    0:19:19 – That’s a cool idea.
    0:19:20 – Like, don’t do this title,
    0:19:23 but she will die in 30 days.
    0:19:27 So I fulfilled all her wishes that you’ve clicked that.
    0:19:28 – Dude, that’s so good.
    0:19:29 Hold on, we gotta do another one.
    0:19:31 Okay, you passed.
    0:19:32 – You passed the test.
    0:19:33 I just, I-
    0:19:33 – All right, bro.
    0:19:34 This is a lifestyle.
    0:19:35 I can make things better.
    0:19:36 – I like the magic tricks.
    0:19:37 – Drawing, you wanna do that one?
    0:19:38 – Yeah, drawing.
    0:19:41 Okay, the next one here was drawing.
    0:19:43 I mean, well, so you want it for 10 grand.
    0:19:45 ‘Cause the first thing I thought of is for drawing
    0:19:46 is drawing the world’s largest picture,
    0:19:48 but that would be more than 10 grand.
    0:19:49 Actually, weirdly enough,
    0:19:50 a lot of videos go viral on YouTube
    0:19:52 where people are just like customizing phones
    0:19:54 or things like that.
    0:19:56 I, depends, if I’m like a really good artist,
    0:19:59 I would do like TikToks go super viral
    0:20:02 where they like find a guy, a couple on a street
    0:20:03 and they like sketch them.
    0:20:03 – Stop them.
    0:20:06 – But they sketch them like really ugly,
    0:20:08 but they like stop really beautiful people
    0:20:09 and then they turn the artwork around.
    0:20:10 They’re like, “What the fuck?”
    0:20:12 And those do really well.
    0:20:14 Like, it’ll be like a very handsome guy,
    0:20:16 but they’ll do their face like really round
    0:20:17 and like with buck teeth.
    0:20:19 And it’s always, those do really well on TikTok.
    0:20:21 Like I’ve seen some get a hundred million views.
    0:20:24 So that would be one way you could do drawing.
    0:20:26 I mean, even it’s just, if you’re good enough artist,
    0:20:27 like, and if you’re not,
    0:20:29 just get good and study and be good.
    0:20:32 I would like, you could design like a hospital floor
    0:20:33 or something for like make-a-wish kids
    0:20:36 and like do like cool artwork or something.
    0:20:38 If there’s like some film you could put up over
    0:20:39 draw it and like do a design
    0:20:41 that they just peel off a couple of days later.
    0:20:42 Like that wouldn’t be that expensive.
    0:20:43 And that’d be cool.
    0:20:45 Like I surprised make-a-wish kids
    0:20:48 with their favorite characters or something.
    0:20:53 Yeah, I mean, the, how many do you want?
    0:20:54 – When you’re brainstorming,
    0:20:56 are you usually just kind of by yourself?
    0:20:57 Are you like, what’s your career?
    0:20:59 Like if I said, “Jim, you gotta come up with something.
    0:21:01 What would you do to set yourself up
    0:21:02 to come up with great ideas?”
    0:21:04 – Yeah, ’cause in transparency, I have teams now.
    0:21:05 And so I don’t, I’m not as like,
    0:21:06 I used to do this all myself.
    0:21:08 Now I pay a lot of people to do it.
    0:21:11 And I just like work with them on the back 10%.
    0:21:13 But I mean, yeah.
    0:21:15 If you really want to come up with like great ideas,
    0:21:16 you need to surround yourself
    0:21:17 with other very creative people.
    0:21:19 I mean, I’m not gonna say their names,
    0:21:21 but I have at least five people
    0:21:23 that if I really needed to solve something,
    0:21:25 I would call, I’d fly them down.
    0:21:27 It’d be boom, boom, boom, boom, me in the middle.
    0:21:29 And we could solve anything like creatively
    0:21:31 in terms of virality or anything like that.
    0:21:33 They’re just like really, really good.
    0:21:34 Like once good with thumbnails,
    0:21:36 once like the smartest guy I’ve ever met
    0:21:38 when it comes to titles, another,
    0:21:39 he’s just a fucking freak.
    0:21:40 And he says the craziest stuff,
    0:21:42 but it’s very like inspirational.
    0:21:44 And so you need like that like shotgun
    0:21:45 that’s just constantly shooting out stuff.
    0:21:46 And then like another guy,
    0:21:48 we would describe him more as like a sniper.
    0:21:49 Like he’s not gonna say much,
    0:21:50 but when he says it, you’re like,
    0:21:52 “Dang, that’s good.”
    0:21:54 So yeah, I just have like my go-to people
    0:21:57 who are like very creative and like,
    0:21:58 yeah, they just pull the best out of me.
    0:22:00 It’s very important you have that like,
    0:22:02 I think Ben Steve Jobs called it in like creative ink,
    0:22:03 like his think tank.
    0:22:07 And they had a thing where they were like a Pixar,
    0:22:08 they have a book called “Creativity Ink.”
    0:22:09 – “Creativity Ink,” yeah.
    0:22:12 – And he said, people think,
    0:22:13 “Oh, we just come up with the best ideas right away.”
    0:22:14 He goes, “No.”
    0:22:16 He goes, “The creative process is taking something
    0:22:18 “that sucks and removing suck.”
    0:22:20 And so he’s like, “Yeah, we sit there,
    0:22:22 “we watch the first version and it sucks.”
    0:22:24 And then we trust each other enough to be like,
    0:22:26 “Yeah, that kind of sucks, but here’s what sucks about it.
    0:22:28 “Go back, try again, try again, try again.”
    0:22:30 He’s like, “By the end, by the 10th thing,
    0:22:31 “we’ve just removed all the suck
    0:22:32 “and all that’s left is the good bit.”
    0:22:33 – Yeah, I was just–
    0:22:34 – Do you buy that, is that?
    0:22:37 – Yeah, it was just that Pixar is at the Steve Jobs building
    0:22:38 and I was just with some of the employees
    0:22:40 while they were working and just seeing how they go about it.
    0:22:43 And they were doing daily reviews over there,
    0:22:45 which is like, every day what they work on,
    0:22:47 they’re showing to the director and stuff
    0:22:48 and getting real-time feedback.
    0:22:50 And they’re very like, ego-less.
    0:22:52 And it was very cool to see their culture
    0:22:53 and how they go about it.
    0:22:57 ‘Cause in terms of animated films, they’re second to none.
    0:22:58 – Right.
    0:22:59 I remember a couple of years ago when we talked to you,
    0:23:02 you said that coming up with ideas,
    0:23:04 was still the thing that you felt like
    0:23:07 you had the most trouble handing off to anyone else.
    0:23:09 It was like the thing that you still just like,
    0:23:11 excelled most at and couldn’t get anyone else to just leave.
    0:23:13 – Oh, I’ve trained so many great people at that now.
    0:23:14 – Okay.
    0:23:17 – Yeah, I mean, I have enough ideas for the next five years.
    0:23:19 So that’s not a bottleneck at all.
    0:23:20 I have too many.
    0:23:22 I would just start listing them off,
    0:23:24 but then the problem is everyone’s stealing them stuff.
    0:23:25 – Yeah, yeah.
    0:23:30 – My friends, if you like MFM,
    0:23:32 then you’re gonna like the following podcast.
    0:23:34 It’s called Billion Dollar Moves.
    0:23:36 And of course, it’s brought to you by
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    0:23:41 the number one audio destination for business professionals.
    0:23:44 Billion Dollar Moves, it’s hosted by Sarah Chen Spelling.
    0:23:47 Sarah is a venture capitalist and strategist
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    0:24:12 Again, Billion Dollar Moves.
    0:24:14 All right, back to the episode.
    0:24:17 – Okay, great.
    0:24:18 Let’s go to the next one.
    0:24:20 All right, so we have, that’s three of the rules.
    0:24:23 Number four, I’ll flip this one, cloning.
    0:24:24 – Yes.
    0:24:26 – All right, so the backstory of this one is,
    0:24:27 last year when we were doing our camper event,
    0:24:30 it’s basically a room full of business people,
    0:24:32 billionaires, all of whatever.
    0:24:34 And you started describing how you run your company.
    0:24:36 And you were 25 years old at the time,
    0:24:38 you’re now your 26.
    0:24:39 – Well, these people double my age
    0:24:41 in 20 times the experience of me.
    0:24:42 – Correct, and so they were listening and were like,
    0:24:44 so who is this guy?
    0:24:45 Well, this guy’s been following you around all day.
    0:24:46 Who is this and how do you run this?
    0:24:48 How do you train people?
    0:24:50 And you were like, you describe this process of cloning.
    0:24:53 And I swear, I saw like five billionaires
    0:24:54 make a note to themselves.
    0:24:57 So can you describe what is your cloning principle
    0:24:57 and what does that mean?
    0:24:59 – Well, the thing is like as a founder,
    0:25:01 because I assume a lot of your viewers run this.
    0:25:02 – Founders and investors.
    0:25:04 – Yeah, like you’re constantly having to put out fires,
    0:25:05 you’re constantly having to do things.
    0:25:07 And that’s a flaw.
    0:25:08 You’re always gonna be putting,
    0:25:09 like having to work on stuff,
    0:25:11 but you should view any type of you have to work on things
    0:25:12 as a flaw.
    0:25:13 And it’s like, how do you,
    0:25:15 what’s the fastest way to stop working on something?
    0:25:18 Every time you work on it, have someone on your hip
    0:25:20 and have them learn how to do it,
    0:25:22 essentially clone you to do that task.
    0:25:24 And so anytime, I don’t ever work alone anymore,
    0:25:26 because anytime I’m doing something, that’s a problem.
    0:25:29 And like someone should be doing this in six months.
    0:25:31 And so that’s just like the cheat code to doing it.
    0:25:33 – And it’s cloning, not training, why?
    0:25:35 – Well, we would call,
    0:25:36 now that I have hundreds of employees now,
    0:25:38 I think we’re probably closing on 500.
    0:25:39 So it’s a lot more training,
    0:25:42 but clones are more like the all in people
    0:25:44 who are gonna like run your company one day
    0:25:46 and make, like, and have the upside to like live with you.
    0:25:49 And, you know, ’cause like someone who’s making $40,000,
    0:25:50 you’re at the back gonna live with you
    0:25:51 and follow your own 15 hours a day.
    0:25:53 – Right, but early on you had that.
    0:25:54 You had people literally like-
    0:25:55 – Yeah, I still have people like that,
    0:25:57 but it’s like, that’s just a small subset of it.
    0:26:00 So yeah, on the core team, yeah, 100%.
    0:26:02 It’s just like, the thing is,
    0:26:04 the more you know about everything going on, the better.
    0:26:06 ‘Cause a lot of what you do in one part of,
    0:26:09 one vertical business in finance or in this or that,
    0:26:10 affects other parts.
    0:26:11 And so the more you understand the whole business,
    0:26:13 the more you understand the ripples you create across things,
    0:26:15 the better efficiently and better,
    0:26:17 you can do these kinds of things.
    0:26:18 And so just having a clone who knows everything
    0:26:21 about the whole business, as opposed to just one section,
    0:26:22 just makes it where they can just make decisions
    0:26:24 so much faster and they can cut through red tape.
    0:26:27 And it just makes it so much easier for you to just like,
    0:26:28 ’cause like when you’re in hyper growth scale,
    0:26:30 you don’t know like what the next fire is gonna be
    0:26:32 or the next things is to fix.
    0:26:34 And so you just have a couple versions of yourself.
    0:26:35 It’s just so nice.
    0:26:35 ‘Cause it’s like,
    0:26:38 oh, this thing over here and editing is falling apart.
    0:26:39 All right, clone that you’ve followed me around
    0:26:41 for the last three years, you know what I would do,
    0:26:42 just go fix it, you know what I mean?
    0:26:43 So I don’t have to go fix it.
    0:26:45 – Every part of a company is not like,
    0:26:46 it’s not like you look at a thing, you’re like editing.
    0:26:47 Editing is its own thing.
    0:26:49 No, editing is people editing, right?
    0:26:50 Everything is people.
    0:26:53 And so what I liked about the way you were doing it was,
    0:26:55 I think on the outside, people hear this like,
    0:26:56 follow you around all the time, live with you.
    0:26:57 That’s crazy.
    0:26:58 You know, that’s harsh.
    0:27:01 I met the people doing it and they were like,
    0:27:02 this is the greatest opportunity.
    0:27:03 – Exactly.
    0:27:04 – I came here for this.
    0:27:06 I want to be great.
    0:27:07 He’s given me the opportunity to be great.
    0:27:09 Not everybody wants it, but I really want this.
    0:27:12 – You can either go to college for like,
    0:27:12 it’s not even for you.
    0:27:14 Go to college for three years
    0:27:16 or you can follow Sean around for three years
    0:27:18 and like just all day, every day.
    0:27:19 And the version of you that follows Sean around
    0:27:21 for three years will make way more money.
    0:27:23 You’ll be way more experienced, way more valuable to him.
    0:27:25 Or you could just go to any one of his competitors
    0:27:27 and you’ll make 10 times more than if you got it.
    0:27:29 – Have you ever heard of Warren Buffett cloning story?
    0:27:30 – No.
    0:27:31 – So Warren Buffett, when he was young,
    0:27:32 he wanted to learn investing, right?
    0:27:34 So he goes to the guy who wrote the book
    0:27:35 on investing Benjamin Graham.
    0:27:39 And he’s like, Mr. Graham, I’m Warren Buffett.
    0:27:40 I’m a big fan of your work.
    0:27:42 I want to work for you.
    0:27:44 I will work harder than anyone you know.
    0:27:44 And you know what?
    0:27:45 I’m willing to work for you for free
    0:27:47 because this matters so much.
    0:27:48 I want to learn from you.
    0:27:51 And then Graham goes, son, your price is too high.
    0:27:53 And he was, Warren was like surprised.
    0:27:55 And then later he’s like, he was so right.
    0:27:58 I got so much more out of working every day
    0:28:01 at Ben Graham’s hip than him getting my free labor.
    0:28:03 Actually the value exchange was like completely,
    0:28:04 he was correct.
    0:28:07 And that always stuck with me because it’s so true.
    0:28:09 Like dude, how do you, if you want to learn,
    0:28:11 that’s the best way you could possibly learn.
    0:28:15 And as a founder, ultimately you want judgment to scale.
    0:28:18 So it’s like, if people in your company can think,
    0:28:20 what would Jimmy do and get the right answer?
    0:28:21 Now you got two jimmies, right?
    0:28:23 You know, like for the most part they can make decisions.
    0:28:25 And then other times it should be like,
    0:28:26 what would Jimmy do?
    0:28:28 Okay, Jimmy’s not always right.
    0:28:29 In this instance, he’s an idiot.
    0:28:31 Let’s go call him out on it.
    0:28:33 What will he say when I tell him
    0:28:34 what I’m actually going to do?
    0:28:34 Yeah.
    0:28:36 And then they think even one step further,
    0:28:38 which is like my like long-term clones are great.
    0:28:41 They’ll be like, okay, well, Jimmy’s going to want data back.
    0:28:42 He’s not going to care about an opinion.
    0:28:43 So I’m going to just go do all the research
    0:28:44 and grab the data.
    0:28:46 And then they’ll ask me something and they’ll say,
    0:28:47 blah, blah, blah.
    0:28:48 And they’ll be like, I knew you were going to say that.
    0:28:49 And I’ll be like, oh, great.
    0:28:50 Hey, by the way, it’s not just you.
    0:28:51 Even other people, there was like a guy,
    0:28:52 he was also cloning people.
    0:28:54 He was like, yeah, I’m the main guy
    0:28:55 for this part of the business.
    0:28:56 So I need to be training people.
    0:28:57 So this is how I’m doing it.
    0:29:00 Zero to one is so difficult, but then one to three,
    0:29:02 you know, like it’s so much easier.
    0:29:04 So that’s like the hard part is like training that for,
    0:29:06 like downloading, I’ll pick a random thing,
    0:29:07 like writing the videos, right?
    0:29:09 Like obviously I used to write all the videos myself,
    0:29:11 taking all that and getting it where someone else
    0:29:13 could do it without all keeping the essence of like,
    0:29:15 what makes it viral and what makes it good.
    0:29:16 So I’m going to do that.
    0:29:17 The essence of like, what makes it viral
    0:29:20 and what makes it good and not feeling too corporate
    0:29:22 and scripted because we’re not scripted, et cetera.
    0:29:24 Like going from zero to one, that took like five years.
    0:29:26 But then, you know, him training the next two people
    0:29:27 is great cause I don’t have to do it.
    0:29:29 And he trains those two and those two train the next.
    0:29:32 And so it’s just like that first clone is so imperative.
    0:29:33 And then they can do the rest.
    0:29:34 That’s great.
    0:29:35 You want to do the next one?
    0:29:36 Sure.
    0:29:39 Possible is possible.
    0:29:40 Fuck yeah.
    0:29:41 Impossible is possible.
    0:29:42 All right.
    0:29:45 So this is, I asked your, I’m friends with Rohan,
    0:29:46 the guy who runs your Tik Tok.
    0:29:47 Yeah.
    0:29:50 I go, tell me the thing where you realize
    0:29:51 like this guy’s built different.
    0:29:54 This guy thinks differently than a normal person would.
    0:29:55 And I was like, that’s the story I want.
    0:29:57 And he goes, he goes, I don’t know how to explain it.
    0:30:00 This is the quote, Jimmy will give you an impossible mission
    0:30:03 but he’ll say it in a way that makes it seem totally possible.
    0:30:05 And then he leaves the room and you’re like,
    0:30:06 God damn, this is impossible.
    0:30:09 He goes, for example, Jimmy came to me and said,
    0:30:11 I need 10 million Tik Tok followers a month Rohan.
    0:30:13 He goes, and every month I told Jimmy,
    0:30:15 it’s impossible like a hundred times.
    0:30:18 And he told me, do it 500 times.
    0:30:19 He told me to do it 500 times.
    0:30:21 I think we had two months or again, 10 million.
    0:30:21 That’s what he told me.
    0:30:24 He goes, he goes, I didn’t do it most months,
    0:30:25 but I did do it like, you know, two months.
    0:30:28 And we got way further than we ever would have got,
    0:30:30 had he not laid down like kind of this impossible gauntlet.
    0:30:32 So that’s one story.
    0:30:33 I’m sure there’s like a thousand of these,
    0:30:35 but like, do you live by this?
    0:30:37 I guess, how would you talk about that?
    0:30:39 Well, I don’t try to just give people KPIs
    0:30:41 that I think aren’t possible, just to torture them.
    0:30:43 I just like, I think most people,
    0:30:45 when you ask them to do something
    0:30:47 like very incredibly difficult.
    0:30:48 Like what I first did,
    0:30:49 I want to bury myself alive for a week.
    0:30:52 Like people’s first inclination is just, that’s not possible.
    0:30:56 And like technically almost anything is possible.
    0:30:57 It’s so it’s just like,
    0:30:59 so my first thing is just like, why do you say that?
    0:31:01 Like, let’s go through the gambit.
    0:31:03 And then they’ll always be like, well, it’s just not possible.
    0:31:05 And then you just have to be like, go do the fucking research.
    0:31:07 And then they’ll come back and it’s like,
    0:31:08 is it too expensive?
    0:31:10 Cause we can figure out ways to, is it too unstable?
    0:31:12 We can navigate safety or whatever it is.
    0:31:13 And so it’s like,
    0:31:15 I hate when people tell me something can’t be done.
    0:31:17 Just tell me the cost and like what the problem is.
    0:31:18 Where the bottleneck is.
    0:31:19 Yeah. And then if like,
    0:31:20 then let’s look at those and objectively,
    0:31:22 if it’s too expensive or something
    0:31:24 that’s not worth investing the time into or what,
    0:31:25 then that’s fine.
    0:31:27 And then I’ll kill it, but just tell me something.
    0:31:28 Cause like half the stuff I did,
    0:31:30 if I just listened to people and they told me it wasn’t,
    0:31:32 like I wanted the Eiffel Tower for a video.
    0:31:34 Not possible.
    0:31:36 Why, why is that not possible?
    0:31:38 Go get the fucking Eiffel Tower.
    0:31:41 Like until the head of the president of France
    0:31:42 tells you no, it’s possible.
    0:31:43 Like I don’t,
    0:31:45 – Then when he says no, ask his kids.
    0:31:46 See if they have some sway.
    0:31:47 – Well, that’s a given while you’re on the phone.
    0:31:48 Like we just filmed a video where we had
    0:31:51 the three pyramids of Egypt and we were like,
    0:31:54 you know, spinning like we were there for a hundred hours.
    0:31:56 This crazy video, we explored the pyramids.
    0:31:58 Like my favorite video ever, same thing.
    0:32:00 Like you can’t just have the three pyramids.
    0:32:03 I’m like, did Egypt tell you that?
    0:32:04 Like, what do you mean?
    0:32:05 Go make some phone calls, you know what I mean?
    0:32:08 And it’s just constantly, even today,
    0:32:10 when I’m not with my core group that I’ve trained very well,
    0:32:12 it’s just always like, you can’t do that or no,
    0:32:13 or they’ll go make a phone call.
    0:32:16 Or okay, fine, Jimmy, we’ll go try to get the pyramids.
    0:32:17 They’ll go away, they’ll come back a day later.
    0:32:18 You can’t have the pyramids.
    0:32:19 I’m like, who’d you call?
    0:32:22 This tourist guy who like works at the pyramids.
    0:32:25 I’m like, okay, call the head of tourism.
    0:32:26 Like how do you get their number?
    0:32:27 Okay, well that’s different.
    0:32:28 You didn’t ask me how to get the head of tourism’s number.
    0:32:31 You asked me, you just told me it was not possible.
    0:32:34 Like so now, like please don’t do that again.
    0:32:36 Like we gotta figure out what the problems are.
    0:32:37 Let’s figure it out.
    0:32:38 And then we make calls and you figure it out.
    0:32:41 Next thing you know, it’s, and so it’s just like,
    0:32:42 that’s a big thing that you have to like,
    0:32:45 if you really, in my opinion, want to innovate
    0:32:46 and do things that are, you know,
    0:32:47 I’ve never been done before in push boundaries.
    0:32:49 You have to like have a mindset amongst your people
    0:32:51 that it’s not, nothing is impossible.
    0:32:53 It’s just how much does it cost?
    0:32:53 How do you do it?
    0:32:55 And then you just make an objective decision.
    0:32:56 – It seems to me like when you solve
    0:32:59 these impossible problems, you have to think
    0:33:01 on like a lower level rather than a higher level.
    0:33:03 Have you heard the story of Elon getting his rockets
    0:33:05 from Texas to Florida where they launched them?
    0:33:06 – No.
    0:33:09 So the normal way everyone gets their rockets
    0:33:11 to Florida is on a barge, right?
    0:33:13 But it takes like three months and costs a bunch of money.
    0:33:13 – Didn’t he fly it there?
    0:33:15 – He drove it there.
    0:33:16 I was like, no, we’re going to drive it instead.
    0:33:17 And they’re like, well, it’s way too big.
    0:33:19 – Well, first answer was–
    0:33:19 – It’s impossible.
    0:33:20 – Can’t do it.
    0:33:22 And he said, let’s go, and he has a great line,
    0:33:24 which is physics are the only laws.
    0:33:26 Everything else is a suggestion.
    0:33:28 And it seems like, is it physically impossible
    0:33:29 to get it to Florida?
    0:33:30 No, okay, we agree on that.
    0:33:31 Great.
    0:33:33 Now let’s continue to figure out where the bottleneck is.
    0:33:35 And it’s like, oh, the boat, too long, too expensive,
    0:33:36 whatever.
    0:33:38 And so the, you know, oh, well, it’s impossible
    0:33:39 to get it through overpasses.
    0:33:42 And so he’s like, well, what would be the shortest way
    0:33:44 to get there without encountering a single overpass?
    0:33:48 So they go, they do this like extremely circuitous route
    0:33:50 all on back roads.
    0:33:52 And they’re like, but even if we do that,
    0:33:53 there’s still problem with power lines
    0:33:54 and telephone wires.
    0:33:57 And so they have like some of the smartest people on earth
    0:34:00 driving in a van in front of these rockets
    0:34:02 with big poles and they just push up
    0:34:04 the telephone wires that we can go under.
    0:34:05 – And then they go to the next telephone wire.
    0:34:08 And it’s just like, you just have to like approach it
    0:34:10 like a caveman almost to like to beat the impossible.
    0:34:12 Do you find that’s the case a lot?
    0:34:12 – Yeah, quite a bit.
    0:34:14 And a lot of it is just a willingness.
    0:34:16 It’s just people who have to love what they do.
    0:34:18 And people who really love problems solving
    0:34:20 will, you know, figure these things out.
    0:34:22 And so it’s just having the right person,
    0:34:24 the right seat at the right time who like actually wants
    0:34:27 to go deep and like people, there are certain people
    0:34:30 where you give them something that seems impossible
    0:34:31 and they will be giddy.
    0:34:32 And they’ll be like, yeah, I can’t wait.
    0:34:33 Like I have people like that where I could call
    0:34:35 and be like, what’s something.
    0:34:37 They don’t wake up until it’s, until it’s hard.
    0:34:39 – Well, it’s like, I guess if I wanted
    0:34:40 a different world wonder if I was like,
    0:34:42 I want the Taj Mahal for a week, right?
    0:34:44 And they’re like, people are coming to my call
    0:34:46 and said that, like, I promised you they would smile.
    0:34:49 And he’s like, okay, like they can see that as a challenge.
    0:34:50 They’d go to war to figure it out.
    0:34:53 And then not in my company, but just there are other people
    0:34:55 that you would say that, oh my God.
    0:34:57 You know, and so you just got to get the right people
    0:34:59 who just deeply enjoy solving problems
    0:35:00 and like see it as a challenge.
    0:35:02 And like, like there are people built that way.
    0:35:04 And those are the people that really succeed
    0:35:05 in that environment.
    0:35:06 – And even a different example,
    0:35:09 that’s not getting the Taj Mahal or the Eiffel Tower.
    0:35:11 One of my favorite videos of yours where I,
    0:35:12 the first time I was like, all right, respect.
    0:35:13 It was before I met you.
    0:35:16 And I was like, okay, respect was,
    0:35:17 Ben was telling me about you.
    0:35:19 And he goes, he made a video said,
    0:35:21 I’m going to cut through this table with a plastic knife.
    0:35:23 – Oh my gosh.
    0:35:24 I remember this weirdly very well.
    0:35:27 I was sitting in high school and I just like,
    0:35:28 I had a, I don’t know, after lunch,
    0:35:32 I just had a, I put the plastic knife in my pocket
    0:35:34 for somebody that I don’t remember why.
    0:35:35 And then I just put my hand in pocket.
    0:35:37 I was like, oh, plastic knife.
    0:35:39 And then I just started like scraping against the desk.
    0:35:41 And I was like, oh, well, I’m like kind of like,
    0:35:43 I can cut this desk in half.
    0:35:46 Like just like your stupid little high school desk.
    0:35:47 I just did this for like five minutes
    0:35:49 till like the teacher was like,
    0:35:50 what the fuck are you doing?
    0:35:51 Stop.
    0:35:53 And then I just was like looking at the little invention.
    0:35:54 I was doing the calculation in my head.
    0:35:55 I was like, it would take me like 10 hours
    0:35:57 to cut through this according to my math.
    0:35:59 I was like, fuck it.
    0:36:00 I think that would be like a video
    0:36:01 where people would be interested.
    0:36:03 So I went to the store on the way home
    0:36:05 and I bought like a thousand plastic,
    0:36:07 like the cheapest plastic knives I could find.
    0:36:10 And then I just got this like $20 foldout table
    0:36:12 and I just went in my room, hit record on the camera
    0:36:13 and I just went to town
    0:36:15 ’cause the plastic knives would get dull after like a minute.
    0:36:17 And I just couldn’t do it.
    0:36:19 And I think that, I think that took 12 hours
    0:36:20 to cut through the table with plastic knives or something.
    0:36:21 – But that’s what I’m saying.
    0:36:22 It was no money.
    0:36:23 It was no money.
    0:36:24 It wasn’t Taj Mahal.
    0:36:27 It was like creativity or well, first boredom.
    0:36:28 Boredom is the key.
    0:36:29 It was like how Einstein discovered relativity.
    0:36:30 – But that video did so well
    0:36:31 and it’s like so dumb.
    0:36:33 – It was just like how many leases does it take
    0:36:34 to get to the center of relativity?
    0:36:36 How many plastic knives does it take to cut a table?
    0:36:37 People were like, what a fucking idiot.
    0:36:38 – Did you do it with one by the way?
    0:36:39 Or did you go through like a video?
    0:36:40 – No, no, no.
    0:36:42 Probably thousands, yeah.
    0:36:43 – That’s insane.
    0:36:44 By the way, that’s a spoiler.
    0:36:47 I think that one we kind of copied number eight,
    0:36:50 which is no doesn’t mean no way.
    0:36:52 And there’s a big difference between no and no way.
    0:36:52 – And possible is possible
    0:36:54 and no doesn’t mean no, exact same thing, yeah.
    0:36:56 – I like the clarification you had, which was like,
    0:36:59 you’re not just like the asshole boss.
    0:37:02 That’s like, I need this impossible thing done.
    0:37:03 You know, whatever.
    0:37:06 It’s more like, hey, I wanna do this impossible thing
    0:37:07 or I wanna do this great thing.
    0:37:09 No, okay, let’s get curious
    0:37:11 before we just like make a decision here.
    0:37:12 Why?
    0:37:13 Well, let’s try to understand it.
    0:37:16 And if it truly is no, which it rarely is, fine.
    0:37:17 But it’s usually not.
    0:37:19 And then the cool thing is if you do that in the company,
    0:37:21 do it once.
    0:37:22 People are like, oh wow, that was interesting.
    0:37:23 Do it twice.
    0:37:25 By the third time you do it, people are like, all right,
    0:37:26 like that’s the way, right?
    0:37:27 It’s contagious, right?
    0:37:28 – 50 of time, yeah.
    0:37:30 You know, it’s like a religion.
    0:37:32 People start to believe when they see it, right?
    0:37:34 – I mean, you’re in place.
    0:37:36 For me, it tends to take a couple of dozen times
    0:37:37 for a decision. – Well, I’ll keep pointing at it.
    0:37:40 I’m like, guys, remember what we said and then what happened?
    0:37:43 Let’s like, again, let’s take that and rap.
    0:37:44 That’s a rally cry for us now.
    0:37:46 Like we could do all these things, right?
    0:37:47 Let’s immortalize that.
    0:37:53 – So I’m obsessed with being transparent about money,
    0:37:55 particularly with ultra high net worth people.
    0:37:58 The reason being is that there’s not a lot of information
    0:37:59 on this demographic.
    0:38:01 And so because I own Hampton,
    0:38:02 which is a community for founders,
    0:38:05 I have access to thousands of young
    0:38:06 and incredibly high net worth people.
    0:38:08 We have people worth hundreds of millions
    0:38:10 and sometimes billions of dollars inside of Hampton.
    0:38:12 And so every year we do this thing
    0:38:13 called the Hampton Wealth Report,
    0:38:15 where we survey over a thousand entrepreneurs
    0:38:18 and we ask them all types of information
    0:38:19 about their personal finances.
    0:38:21 We ask them about how they’re investing their money,
    0:38:23 what their portfolio looks like.
    0:38:25 We ask them about their monthly spend habits.
    0:38:27 We ask them how they’ve set up their estate,
    0:38:28 how much money they’re gonna leave to charity,
    0:38:30 how much money they keep in cash,
    0:38:31 how much money they’re paying themselves
    0:38:32 from their businesses.
    0:38:36 Basically every question that you wanna ask a rich person,
    0:38:38 we went and we do it for you
    0:38:40 and we do it with hundreds and hundreds of people.
    0:38:42 So if you wanna check out the report,
    0:38:43 it’s called the Hampton Wealth Report.
    0:38:45 Just go to joinhampton.com, click our menu,
    0:38:47 and you’re gonna see a section called Reports
    0:38:48 and you’re gonna see it all right there.
    0:38:49 It’s very easy.
    0:38:51 So again, it’s called the Hampton Wealth Report.
    0:38:54 Go to joinhampton.com, click the menu,
    0:38:55 and then click the Report button.
    0:38:57 And let me know what you think.
    0:38:59 All right, we got three more to go.
    0:39:01 All right, here we go.
    0:39:02 Consultants?
    0:39:03 Or is he good?
    0:39:05 Yeah, and honestly, ’cause I wrote this,
    0:39:07 they’re referencing my thing I wrote a couple of years ago.
    0:39:09 I would update that just say like,
    0:39:11 experience people or cheat codes, the right ones.
    0:39:12 Like, ’cause it doesn’t,
    0:39:15 ’cause like my handbook, I guess,
    0:39:17 if that’s what you would call leaked on Twitter,
    0:39:18 and like–
    0:39:20 Here we go, who’s your handbook?
    0:39:21 Yeah, by Production Bible.
    0:39:22 So many people were like,
    0:39:24 consultants, and even consultants
    0:39:25 are like putting this on their website.
    0:39:26 Even Mr. V.
    0:39:27 Endorsed on LinkedIn.
    0:39:28 Yeah, I know.
    0:39:29 They’re like, so many consultant tweets,
    0:39:31 they’re like, yes, he validated our industry.
    0:39:32 And I’m like, well,
    0:39:36 I always specifically talking about McKinsey, you know?
    0:39:38 It’s just more like, you know,
    0:39:39 it was special with us,
    0:39:41 ’cause we do so many random, weird things.
    0:39:42 I mean, what did I say in here?
    0:39:44 Consultants are literally cheat codes,
    0:39:46 needed to make the world’s largest slice of cake,
    0:39:47 start off by calling the person
    0:39:49 who has made the previous world’s largest slice of cake–
    0:39:50 Exactly.
    0:39:51 LOL.
    0:39:52 He’s already done countless tasks
    0:39:54 and can save you weeks worth of work.
    0:39:55 I really want to drill this point home
    0:39:57 because I’m a massive believer in consultants
    0:39:59 because I’ve spent almost a decade of my life
    0:40:00 hyper-obsessing over YouTube.
    0:40:01 I can show a brand new creator
    0:40:04 how to go from 100 subscribers to 10,000 in a month.
    0:40:05 On their own, it would take them years to do it.
    0:40:07 Consultants are a gift from God.
    0:40:08 Please take advantage of them.
    0:40:10 In every single freaking task assigned to you,
    0:40:13 always, always, always ask yourself first
    0:40:14 if you can find a consultant to help you.
    0:40:17 Exactly, ’cause we do so many weird, different things.
    0:40:19 Like, oh, we’re gonna bury me alive?
    0:40:20 Call David Blaine.
    0:40:21 He buried himself alive.
    0:40:22 You know what I mean?
    0:40:22 Like, ’cause–
    0:40:23 How’s that phone call go?
    0:40:24 Uh, great.
    0:40:25 They’re usually like,
    0:40:26 “Well, we don’t have David Blaine’s phone number.”
    0:40:28 And then I’m like, “Okay, I’ll DM him on Instagram.”
    0:40:29 And I’m like, “Here’s his phone number.”
    0:40:31 Call him, figure out how he didn’t die, you know?
    0:40:33 Well, you do these things like one night,
    0:40:35 I was just hanging out at my house,
    0:40:37 get a call, North Carolina number, pick up.
    0:40:38 Oh, yeah.
    0:40:40 I go on walks and then I just like,
    0:40:42 I will literally just close my eyes
    0:40:43 and like flip through my contacts
    0:40:45 and then I’ll like stop and, you know,
    0:40:46 when it’s on S, you’ll be there.
    0:40:48 And I’ll just be like, “Hmm, just have a random name.”
    0:40:49 And I’ll be like, “Teach me something.”
    0:40:50 Sometimes the calls are one minute,
    0:40:53 other times are 20, and yeah, it’s like,
    0:40:54 you’ve got to always be learning.
    0:40:55 I feel like you’re saying that almost like
    0:40:56 it’s a normal thing.
    0:40:57 You know like nobody does this, right?
    0:40:58 Like that’s like a-
    0:40:59 I don’t understand why that’s-
    0:41:00 I kind of started to steal it
    0:41:01 ’cause I was like, “Why not?”
    0:41:03 I’m also like, I’m obsessed with learning.
    0:41:04 Yeah.
    0:41:07 And there’s something like maybe the mechanics of it,
    0:41:08 I was confused.
    0:41:09 Like so I call these people and then I just say like,
    0:41:13 “Hey, stop, teach me something.”
    0:41:14 What’s something that’s come out of that?
    0:41:15 What’s funny is the more you do it,
    0:41:17 the more people will come to expect it too.
    0:41:19 So like, I’ll call someone,
    0:41:21 they won’t answer and then they’ll be like,
    0:41:23 “Let me guess, you’re on a walk, sorry, I’m busy.”
    0:41:24 And then I’m like,
    0:41:25 I don’t even have to respond to just get it.
    0:41:26 Like, you know, ’cause at the start,
    0:41:29 you’ll go on a walk and you’ll call 20 people
    0:41:30 and you’ll have conversations with 10
    0:41:32 ’cause these high caliber people are always busy.
    0:41:33 And then the other 10 will call you
    0:41:34 throughout the next 24 hours
    0:41:36 and it’s like a new sense ’cause you gotta be like,
    0:41:38 “Oh, I just bought on a walk, I just bought on a walk.”
    0:41:39 So, but now everyone just gets it.
    0:41:40 It’s a protocol.
    0:41:41 Yeah, they’re just like-
    0:41:42 You just call us.
    0:41:44 Yeah, so it’s like so funny that I’ve become known for that
    0:41:46 and like people will answer
    0:41:48 and like sometimes I don’t even say anything
    0:41:50 they’ll be like, “Ah, all right, here’s what I’ve learned.”
    0:41:51 It’s like, great.
    0:41:53 ‘Cause then I just like, these are people who are,
    0:41:55 you know, some of them running companies
    0:41:56 that are doing billions of dollars a year in revenue
    0:41:57 and they’re learning tons of things.
    0:41:58 They’re always experimenting
    0:42:00 and I just get this five minute brain dump
    0:42:02 of everything they learn, suck it out of them.
    0:42:03 And then I’m like, here’s what I learned
    0:42:04 ’cause I always, a big part of this,
    0:42:06 if you wanted to go well is you have to add as much value,
    0:42:08 ideally more than what they’re given to you.
    0:42:11 So I try to help them in any way I can
    0:42:13 and then you hang up and you go to the next one.
    0:42:15 Another one that is in the kind of consultants
    0:42:18 or cheat codes is we do these talks at our event.
    0:42:19 So at our basketball event,
    0:42:21 it’s kind of like play ball all day
    0:42:23 till we’re like dead tired.
    0:42:25 And then at night, it was like, we’re hanging out.
    0:42:26 And the first year we did it, I remember,
    0:42:29 ’cause I created the events, I was kind of the host.
    0:42:31 I was like, I don’t wanna be like forcing
    0:42:32 like a conference vibe.
    0:42:34 I was like really like tiptoeing around.
    0:42:36 I was like, I don’t want this to be awkward,
    0:42:37 but it was actually more awkward
    0:42:39 ’cause nobody knew who anyone else was.
    0:42:40 You do this great thing, you like grab the chair,
    0:42:41 you put it in the middle of the room,
    0:42:43 you’re like, hey, sit down real quick.
    0:42:45 And you go, all right, who are you?
    0:42:46 What’s your story?
    0:42:46 And then they would like start
    0:42:48 to tell like a long-winded story.
    0:42:49 But what I liked was you would have questions.
    0:42:51 So like, we had a real estate guy.
    0:42:52 And instead of being like, all right,
    0:42:53 teach me about real estate,
    0:42:55 which the guy doesn’t know how to start.
    0:42:57 You were like, if I had $10 million,
    0:42:59 what would be the best way to turn it into a hundred
    0:43:00 for real estate?
    0:43:00 – Yeah.
    0:43:01 – And then he talks for like five minutes,
    0:43:02 you’re like, cool, God,
    0:43:03 I should just give it to somebody like you.
    0:43:04 Big sense.
    0:43:05 (all laughing)
    0:43:05 On to the next.
    0:43:08 And I was like, I love the power of kind of like
    0:43:10 the right question, the right person.
    0:43:13 – And honestly, in group settings like that,
    0:43:14 another thing too is just not being afraid
    0:43:15 to cut people off.
    0:43:17 Because some people are just so not aware
    0:43:19 that like there’s 20 people
    0:43:21 and even rambling for 30 minutes.
    0:43:23 And I’m like, I feel like they got another 15 in them.
    0:43:24 (all laughing)
    0:43:25 Three of those people are on their phone.
    0:43:26 Those two are checked out.
    0:43:28 Those five are too nice to say anything.
    0:43:31 I’ll be the one who it’s like, hey, we get it.
    0:43:32 – All right, I got the next one.
    0:43:34 Block out the noise.
    0:43:35 Okay, block out.
    0:43:35 You want to do block out the noise?
    0:43:36 – Sure.
    0:43:38 So here’s the quote.
    0:43:40 When you’re small, people say you’re too obsessed.
    0:43:41 You’re a weirdo.
    0:43:42 Get a life, be realistic.
    0:43:43 This is from you.
    0:43:44 People will try to convince you
    0:43:46 that you’re out of your mind for wanting to do this.
    0:43:47 Then when it works, yo, you’re dry.
    0:43:48 You’re tenacity.
    0:43:49 That was great.
    0:43:50 (all laughing)
    0:43:53 – Everything you guys have been flattering me with
    0:43:56 throughout this podcast are the exact same things
    0:43:58 I got low key bully for in high school.
    0:43:59 (all laughing)
    0:44:01 It’s like, hilarious that now these grown men are like,
    0:44:02 yo, this is fucking awesome.
    0:44:04 You’re like, all in impossible is not possible.
    0:44:05 No, it doesn’t mean no.
    0:44:06 And you just like love this shit.
    0:44:09 And like, and in high school, that’s what a fucking nerd.
    0:44:11 Get a life, like loser.
    0:44:12 Yeah.
    0:44:14 That’s why you call it block out the noise, right?
    0:44:17 Because the same things that people admire
    0:44:19 when you’re successful are the things
    0:44:20 that people are gonna try and tell you to stop.
    0:44:23 – If you had listened, you wouldn’t be Mr. Beast, right?
    0:44:24 Like we wouldn’t be here right now.
    0:44:26 – Everyone else, and yeah, just a normal job.
    0:44:29 But the thing is, it’s like, the big takeaway is
    0:44:30 it just means you’re not around the right people, right?
    0:44:32 ‘Cause like, obviously I was around you guys
    0:44:33 when you were younger.
    0:44:34 I’m sure you guys wouldn’t have been like,
    0:44:35 oh, what a weird, obsessed nerd.
    0:44:36 You wouldn’t have been like, oh, this is sick.
    0:44:38 Let’s grow together or we’re, you know,
    0:44:39 maybe when we were 18,
    0:44:42 we wouldn’t have that much emotional intelligence,
    0:44:43 but we would have like flocked together.
    0:44:46 So it’s also just finding the right people to be around.
    0:44:47 And if you’re having to block out a lot of noise,
    0:44:49 then you’re just like, you have a serious problem.
    0:44:50 – It’s a signal.
    0:44:52 – Yeah, like you really gotta change your yard
    0:44:53 because that’s, it’s really, I mean,
    0:44:55 if you’re the smartest person you’re hanging around,
    0:44:58 make, you know, the one with the most ambition
    0:44:59 and everyone else is just bringing you down.
    0:45:00 Like you’re literally just going through
    0:45:03 your entrepreneurial life with like a 10 pound weight
    0:45:04 shackled to your leg.
    0:45:08 – Yeah, last one, let’s go into reinvest everything.
    0:45:09 – Yes, sir.
    0:45:10 – Can I give you my version of this?
    0:45:12 I think people know you reinvest a lot of money
    0:45:13 to almost a comical extent.
    0:45:15 It’s like, we made a hundred grand last month.
    0:45:17 Great, we’re investing a hundred and one this next month.
    0:45:19 It’s like, yeah, Jimmy, where’d you get the extra?
    0:45:21 – I got the largest unscripted streaming deal in history
    0:45:24 and somehow lost a ton of money on it.
    0:45:25 – These games?
    0:45:26 – Yeah, yeah.
    0:45:28 – When we were here the first time,
    0:45:29 somebody was like, you know,
    0:45:31 what do you think is kind of like his edge?
    0:45:34 I go, his edge is that he takes all the money he makes
    0:45:34 and then he reinvest it.
    0:45:37 He takes all the hours he has and he invests it
    0:45:38 into the channel.
    0:45:40 Then he gets the best people
    0:45:43 and he gets them to believe that they should invest it.
    0:45:45 And he doesn’t ever want to quit.
    0:45:46 I don’t think this guy’s going to get rich and retire
    0:45:47 like every other YouTuber.
    0:45:50 I was like, that’s like a kamikaze level of commitment.
    0:45:51 I don’t think–
    0:45:52 – That’s right.
    0:45:53 You used to call it a kamikaze commitment.
    0:45:55 – ‘Cause how do you, what do you do?
    0:45:57 What do you do with somebody who’s willing to just plow it
    0:45:58 all back in?
    0:46:02 That’s not the person I would want to compete against.
    0:46:04 So that’s kind of, I guess that’s why, to me,
    0:46:05 this is–
    0:46:06 – I mean, you just described it perfectly.
    0:46:07 I don’t even have to say anything.
    0:46:10 – Yeah, I mean, ideally you find the passion that you love
    0:46:12 and you’re all in and it’s, you know,
    0:46:14 you shouldn’t have to like force yourself to go get up
    0:46:15 and write it.
    0:46:16 It should just be what you love to do, you know?
    0:46:19 – What’s the CFO telling you as you just, at the beginning?
    0:46:21 Now it’s kind of known, but at the beginning,
    0:46:23 when you were describing your approach,
    0:46:25 CFO was like your mom at the beginning, right?
    0:46:27 – Yeah, well, I mean, at the beginning,
    0:46:28 it was me and my mom and a couple of friends
    0:46:31 are high school, so she was 10 jobs, I was 20 jobs.
    0:46:34 I mean, now they just start, I mean,
    0:46:37 people kind of normalize to your weird craziness.
    0:46:38 So they’re more–
    0:46:39 – But that’s now, what at the beginning,
    0:46:40 what was that like?
    0:46:41 – I mean, I thought I was deranged.
    0:46:43 You know, like, oh, why do you,
    0:46:46 like, ’cause I mean, everyone, you know,
    0:46:47 a big bunch of YouTube videos used to be 10 grand.
    0:46:49 I was the first one to ever spend a million dollars
    0:46:50 on a video and two million.
    0:46:52 – This is probably the best example, right?
    0:46:54 – Yeah, I got a brand deal for 10,000 dollars.
    0:46:56 I’ve broke, you keep saying CFO,
    0:46:58 like I had a CFO back then.
    0:47:00 You know, this was me and like paying a guy,
    0:47:02 I went to high school with like 10 bucks an hour
    0:47:03 to help me.
    0:47:06 But I, I, and me going, mom, what are taxes?
    0:47:08 – Right.
    0:47:09 – I didn’t make money.
    0:47:10 Do I pay taxes?
    0:47:11 And she’s like, yes.
    0:47:12 I’m like, fuck.
    0:47:17 But yeah, we, I got a brand deal for 10,000 dollars.
    0:47:18 And then I just went outside.
    0:47:20 Like this, I used to live like two minutes.
    0:47:22 Like the $700 a month apartment I was talking about,
    0:47:25 or duplex, was like literally two minutes
    0:47:26 down the road from this.
    0:47:27 And so I just got the 10 grand.
    0:47:28 I was like, why are we the money?
    0:47:30 They wired it, we drew it and gave it to this homeless guy
    0:47:31 on the side of the street.
    0:47:35 – Were you not tempted to like have money for the first time?
    0:47:37 – Pocket five, give it away five.
    0:47:39 – So I pocket five, spend on a different video?
    0:47:43 What else do, what else do you do with the money?
    0:47:44 – It’s like, there’s a story of Zuck
    0:47:46 when he got offered a billion dollars
    0:47:47 for Facebook early on.
    0:47:50 And they were like, Mark, we should talk about this.
    0:47:52 – And he’s like, oh, if I got this money,
    0:47:54 I would just start a new social media platform.
    0:47:55 And I like the one I have.
    0:47:56 – I like the one I have.
    0:47:58 This is like legendary.
    0:48:00 – Yeah, that’s the same thing here.
    0:48:01 It’s like, I could pocket it,
    0:48:02 but I just make different videos
    0:48:03 and I just want to film this one.
    0:48:04 I mean, it’s literally the same thing.
    0:48:06 – It reminds me a lot, reading about Walt Disney.
    0:48:07 This is what he was famous for.
    0:48:08 ‘Cause his brother, Roy, was like-
    0:48:09 – I loved your podcast on it.
    0:48:10 – Thank you, it was like the business manager.
    0:48:11 – This is almost done, make sure you watch it out there.
    0:48:13 – Hot take over the world, yeah.
    0:48:15 – And Roy would like pull his hair out of like,
    0:48:17 Walt, can we please just like save some money?
    0:48:20 And he had like a compulsion almost to take all the money.
    0:48:22 He like felt bad keeping any money.
    0:48:25 He’s like, no, it has to go into making better shows.
    0:48:26 – Yeah.
    0:48:27 – Do you feel that like, does it-
    0:48:29 – It has nothing to do with like wanting to keep-
    0:48:31 It really has nothing to do with money itself.
    0:48:33 It’s just, I want to make the best product possible.
    0:48:35 And so it’s like, here’s the product that I want to make.
    0:48:36 And I’m always having to settle
    0:48:39 because we can’t spend $10 billion on a YouTube video.
    0:48:40 You know what I mean?
    0:48:42 ‘Cause I would love to go buy everything
    0:48:44 in every single store in this entire city
    0:48:45 and donate it all to charity.
    0:48:46 You know, that’d be $200 million.
    0:48:50 So I can’t, but so it’s just like, it’s more, you know,
    0:48:51 like this is what I want to make,
    0:48:52 but I have to dial it back.
    0:48:54 And it’s like, well, now we have a little bit more money.
    0:48:55 So I just dial it back less.
    0:48:56 There’s nothing, I don’t really care.
    0:48:57 You know what I mean?
    0:48:58 Like, so.
    0:49:00 – By the way, you just came up with that number.
    0:49:02 – Yeah, I was like, he’s done the math.
    0:49:02 – Well, you look at this.
    0:49:04 – Well, I know it costs $15 million
    0:49:05 to buy everything in a Walmart, but yeah.
    0:49:07 – 15 million?
    0:49:08 Have you done that?
    0:49:08 Is that one of the things you’ve done?
    0:49:09 – We’re going to.
    0:49:10 – Yeah, nice.
    0:49:12 – I think that’s a fucking banger.
    0:49:14 And we’re donating it all to charity, so it’s cool.
    0:49:15 – What’s your like ambition, right?
    0:49:20 So it’s like, Ben in 40 years is doing the pod on you.
    0:49:20 – Don’t ask me 40.
    0:49:22 Ask like 10, 40’s too far.
    0:49:23 You’re gonna give me anxiety.
    0:49:26 – Okay, what’s like the, what’s the dream dream?
    0:49:30 – Right now I can’t do 40, but for the next five,
    0:49:31 the big thing I’m focusing on,
    0:49:33 which I was telling you guys about in the car,
    0:49:34 is just feastables.
    0:49:35 Why people listening.
    0:49:36 – What can you explain about your business empire?
    0:49:37 Can you break it down?
    0:49:39 – Yeah, well, so specifically like chocolate,
    0:49:40 but it seems so random.
    0:49:41 Why is the largest YouTube in the world selling chocolate?
    0:49:44 Well, right now, 70% of the world’s cocoa
    0:49:46 comes from West Africa, Cote de Vare and Ghana.
    0:49:49 And a majority of the people who work on those farms
    0:49:51 are actually kids or child labor.
    0:49:53 So it’s like 46% of labor.
    0:49:54 So I guess it’s not the majority.
    0:49:55 So I should correct this statement.
    0:49:57 46% of labor is illegal child labor, right?
    0:49:57 Yeah, get to your feastable work.
    0:49:58 – I’ll eat this while you talk to her.
    0:50:01 – Yeah, so when I got into selling chocolate,
    0:50:02 I just learned about that.
    0:50:04 And I talked to like exacts a big chocolate company
    0:50:07 as I was like, so what I hear like this child labor thing,
    0:50:10 like, is this just like, we’re just cool with this?
    0:50:12 And they’re like, well, it’s just how it’s always been.
    0:50:13 And there’s not really anything you can do about it.
    0:50:14 I’m like,
    0:50:15 – That’s the way things have always been.
    0:50:17 – I’m like, I literally, I said to one,
    0:50:18 I think I don’t remember the exact,
    0:50:21 I’m gonna butcher, but I was like, Elon’s gonna put people
    0:50:25 on Mars and you’re telling me we can’t not have little kids
    0:50:25 farming or chocolate.
    0:50:28 We can’t just find people over the age of 18 or whatever.
    0:50:30 And they’re like, well, it’s not that simple.
    0:50:31 And I’m like, what the fuck?
    0:50:35 So that kind of like pissed me off and sent me down.
    0:50:38 I’m like, yeah, what you mean to say is that would hurt
    0:50:39 the billions of dollars in free cash flow.
    0:50:40 You’re spitting off in your margins.
    0:50:43 But anyways, so I was like, I went down that path
    0:50:44 like two years ago.
    0:50:45 I was like, okay, well, I don’t.
    0:50:46 – You actually went to West Africa.
    0:50:47 – Oh yeah.
    0:50:49 – But before even that, it’s just like,
    0:50:52 so then I was, we’re gonna start referencing
    0:50:53 our piece of paper here.
    0:50:54 So then consultants are cheat codes.
    0:50:55 So I was like, what is the largest
    0:50:57 ethically sourced chocolate company in the world?
    0:50:58 Who’s the one’s doing it right?
    0:50:59 Have you heard of Tony’s Chocolonii?
    0:51:00 – Yeah, yeah.
    0:51:01 – Yeah, so they’re great.
    0:51:05 It’s a European brand, but they’re like a reporter
    0:51:07 used to call out big chocolate and be like,
    0:51:08 there’s a lot of childhood with you guys
    0:51:10 aren’t ethical and like they would just ignore them.
    0:51:11 And so then he’s like, fuck it.
    0:51:12 – He started it, right?
    0:51:15 – Yeah, and he started a chocolate company
    0:51:16 and that’s Tony’s Chocolonii.
    0:51:17 ‘Cause it’s like the lonely–
    0:51:18 – And it became like a $200 million business.
    0:51:20 – Yeah, it’s doing pretty well.
    0:51:23 And so I was like, let me get in contact with these people.
    0:51:24 And I just started talking to them.
    0:51:27 I flew them here to Greenville like the next week.
    0:51:28 And we were just like, I was like,
    0:51:30 teach me everything about child labor,
    0:51:31 how we can remediate it,
    0:51:33 what should we be doing on our farms, et cetera.
    0:51:35 And like, I just had like phone calls with them
    0:51:36 every single day, studied.
    0:51:37 And then the next five companies
    0:51:38 that are also doing ethical things,
    0:51:40 I just absorbed everything they were all doing
    0:51:41 into my brain.
    0:51:42 And I was like, cool.
    0:51:43 All right, I know what we need to do.
    0:51:47 Step one, like the main reason why there’s child labor
    0:51:48 is just poverty.
    0:51:50 Like most of these farmers are making a dollar less a day.
    0:51:51 So like, if you’re getting paid a dollar,
    0:51:52 how can you hire someone
    0:51:54 that’s over the age of 18 to work in your farm?
    0:51:57 So you end up just using kids, ’cause they’re cheap or free.
    0:52:01 So step one is you just have to pay them a living income.
    0:52:03 So 100% of our farmers are paid a living income.
    0:52:05 So I can go super deep.
    0:52:06 I’m gonna keep this mile high
    0:52:08 ’cause I know not everyone is as passionate
    0:52:09 about the child’s industry as me,
    0:52:10 but this is what I live and breathe.
    0:52:13 But so what is a living income, right?
    0:52:15 Because obviously a living income in America
    0:52:16 is completely different than in West Africa.
    0:52:18 So there’s a living income reference price
    0:52:20 where they look at the cost of like bread
    0:52:22 and living and inflation.
    0:52:23 And it’s like, you know, if a farmer sells you
    0:52:25 like a metric tons of cocoa,
    0:52:27 they need to make this for them to be able to live
    0:52:28 roughly and be able to.
    0:52:30 So we pay 100% of our farmers
    0:52:31 a living income reference price.
    0:52:33 So there could be an instance where you’re a farmer,
    0:52:35 you give us a shipping container of cocoa
    0:52:37 and you’re like, you know, we want $1,100.
    0:52:40 I’m like, no, you want $1,300.
    0:52:41 It’s $1,300.
    0:52:43 Now make sure there’s no kids on your farms.
    0:52:43 You know what I mean?
    0:52:45 Like, or kids in illegal child labor.
    0:52:49 And so that’s, I mean, I’m oversimplifying everything.
    0:52:51 None of the, this is a very complex thing.
    0:52:54 And there’s, we’re talking about tens of thousands
    0:52:55 of farms, there’s millions of farms there.
    0:52:57 And this is not, none of this is as simple
    0:52:58 as I’m portraying it,
    0:53:00 but I’m just doing my best to generalize it all.
    0:53:01 So you pay your farmers a living income,
    0:53:03 all our beans are fair trade certified.
    0:53:04 And then we work with CLR and MERS,
    0:53:06 which is the child labor remediation system.
    0:53:08 And then they routinely audit the farms,
    0:53:10 interview the parents, interview the kids,
    0:53:11 see if the kids are going to school,
    0:53:13 working on the farm, et cetera.
    0:53:14 And then if, you know,
    0:53:16 they identify cases of child labor following up
    0:53:17 and getting the kid out of the child labor
    0:53:18 and stuff like that, which all the,
    0:53:21 and then we also, just little things,
    0:53:23 because it’s, since it’s all a route of poverty,
    0:53:24 the more money you help them make,
    0:53:26 the easier it is for them to, you know,
    0:53:27 stop using a little child labor on the farm.
    0:53:30 So we have coaches that will like represent 200 farms
    0:53:31 and they’ll help them get more yield
    0:53:33 and like educate them on things they could be doing
    0:53:35 to grow more for trees or have more trees or, well,
    0:53:37 you know, occasionally give them wheelbarrows
    0:53:38 or things like that.
    0:53:39 So they can just, I mean, a little,
    0:53:40 something as simple as a wheelbarrow,
    0:53:41 I mean, it’s a big difference between
    0:53:43 carrying 10 kakao plots theoretically,
    0:53:44 again, generalizing everything,
    0:53:47 or being able to carry 40 in a wheelbarrow.
    0:53:50 Like that statically makes you four times more efficient.
    0:53:52 It’s not, again, maybe you have numbers.
    0:53:55 Yeah, so like goal is just to make feastables,
    0:53:57 the largest ethically-sourced chocolate company in the world.
    0:53:59 And, you know, if we can do a billion dollars a year
    0:54:02 in chocolate sales ethically while being profitable,
    0:54:04 then I can use that as a model to, you know,
    0:54:06 on my videos, talk about being chocolate
    0:54:07 and all the unethical things they’re doing
    0:54:10 and just be like, look, it’s possible to be profitable,
    0:54:11 to not do it at scale.
    0:54:14 There’s no excuse, besides they just don’t care.
    0:54:15 And then, you know, we’ll see what happens
    0:54:16 when I get to that point.
    0:54:18 – Last year when I was here,
    0:54:20 I asked, I think you’re right-hand guy at that time,
    0:54:22 I was like, what’s y’all’s focus for the year?
    0:54:24 And most people don’t have an answer
    0:54:25 at the tip of your tongue.
    0:54:27 His was like, instantaneous he goes,
    0:54:31 I think, you had a number of the number of YouTube videos,
    0:54:32 22 or something like that. – 26 videos.
    0:54:37 – Maybe 26 bangers sell a lot of chocolate, get jacked.
    0:54:39 And he said it like that fast.
    0:54:39 – Every day, all three.
    0:54:42 – And you got in great shape from the last time, can you?
    0:54:46 – Yeah, was I still fat last year,
    0:54:47 or was that the first year?
    0:54:48 – No, it was first.
    0:54:50 – First year was, I mean, I wanted to try fat,
    0:54:51 but like, you know-
    0:54:53 – Bro, I was a fucking walrus, that was 240 pounds.
    0:54:54 Yeah, I’m, right now I’m 190.
    0:54:55 So I probably-
    0:54:57 – But you had started lifting at the last one we did.
    0:54:59 And in this year, you’re like-
    0:55:02 – Yeah, so year one, I was 240 pounds, year two,
    0:55:05 I was probably 215, 220 pounds, and now I’m 190.
    0:55:07 So yeah, I’m like probably 25 pounds lighter.
    0:55:08 I can’t wait to ball.
    0:55:09 – How did you, what’d you do?
    0:55:10 Like, what was your approach to getting jacked?
    0:55:12 Or like, how’d you approach it?
    0:55:14 – I’m very heavily influenced by the people around me.
    0:55:16 Like, if I spent too much time with you,
    0:55:17 I’ll start speaking like you,
    0:55:18 acting like you, thinking like you.
    0:55:20 So I’m very cautious of that.
    0:55:21 So I just put a lot of jacked people around me.
    0:55:24 And then, like, my metric of success was like,
    0:55:26 how frequently are random people just handing me chicken breasts?
    0:55:27 Or like, you know, something high in protein?
    0:55:30 Like, you know, ’cause like, they’re, you know,
    0:55:33 all the, like my old friend group, you know,
    0:55:33 all the time they’d be like,
    0:55:35 oh, we just ordered pizza or this or that.
    0:55:37 And it’s like, it just makes accomplishing my goals
    0:55:38 so much harder.
    0:55:40 Like the ratio of people ordering pizza
    0:55:43 to the ratio of people ordering protein was just way off.
    0:55:44 I mean, this is just how I analyze my life
    0:55:47 because I, like, I’m so all in on business.
    0:55:48 Like, I don’t think about this kind of stuff.
    0:55:51 So I need an environment that just makes being jacked
    0:55:52 very natural.
    0:55:54 Like the weightlifting is pretty easy.
    0:55:56 You just go to the gym 45 minutes, five days a week.
    0:55:58 But it’s the, yes, the food that, that is a,
    0:56:00 that’s not a thing you turn on and off.
    0:56:01 That’s the thing that you have to be consistent on
    0:56:03 for a very long period if you want to achieve results.
    0:56:06 And like, I just, I can’t think about, like,
    0:56:07 that every single day.
    0:56:09 And I just, and it’s like, there are just times
    0:56:10 where I’m at low points
    0:56:11 and it’s just a lot harder to be disciplined.
    0:56:13 And I just know if like, you know,
    0:56:15 I always have people who are just eating healthy.
    0:56:18 It’s just, it takes something that feels hard
    0:56:19 and kind of makes it fun.
    0:56:21 Like when you’re doing it together and like, you know,
    0:56:24 and it’s just so, just surround myself with other people
    0:56:25 trying to accomplish the same thing,
    0:56:26 just like anything in life.
    0:56:27 – This is what, I was living in Australia
    0:56:28 and I literally bought a plane ticket
    0:56:31 with no plan one way to San Francisco
    0:56:34 because I was at this Tony Robbins event
    0:56:35 and he said proximity is power.
    0:56:37 – Dang, love it.
    0:56:39 – Did you like hire anyone too
    0:56:41 to help you, do you have like a trainer around or a coach?
    0:56:43 – Yeah, he follows me around all day every day.
    0:56:45 He’s a jack dude sitting downstairs.
    0:56:48 You’ll notice he’s the one who looks like
    0:56:49 he could be on a bodybuilding stage.
    0:56:50 – Yeah.
    0:56:51 – He’s usually in a tank top, you know.
    0:56:52 – Somebody just sent me this.
    0:56:55 You posted TikTok an hour ago.
    0:56:55 – Yeah.
    0:56:56 – I just got out of a meeting
    0:56:58 with a bunch of billionaires.
    0:56:59 TikTok, we mean business.
    0:57:00 This is my lawyer right here.
    0:57:02 We have an offer ready for you.
    0:57:03 We want to buy the platform.
    0:57:05 America deserves TikTok.
    0:57:06 Give me a seat at the table.
    0:57:08 Let me save this platform TikTok.
    0:57:09 – Yeah.
    0:57:09 – Are you gonna buy TikTok?
    0:57:11 – I tweeted out yesterday
    0:57:14 that I was thinking about buying TikTok.
    0:57:16 And honestly, kind of as a joke.
    0:57:19 And then I had even a lot of people coming to this event.
    0:57:22 So many billionaires text me.
    0:57:23 I mean, I’m probably up to like 35
    0:57:25 who have like unironically reached out
    0:57:27 and like, I want to put money in, I want to do it.
    0:57:29 And then like two separate groups
    0:57:31 that have like very serious bids together for it.
    0:57:33 Also like, go get involved in this.
    0:57:35 And then I’m like, my phone just blew up
    0:57:36 ever since that tweet.
    0:57:38 So then I made that TikTok ’cause it’s like,
    0:57:41 yeah, I was joking, but now it’s like, oh, okay.
    0:57:43 – I’ll predict it right now.
    0:57:45 This, I think this is going to happen
    0:57:46 because I think it should happen.
    0:57:47 It’d be smart, right?
    0:57:48 Any ownership group that’s doing this
    0:57:49 would be smart to have you involved.
    0:57:50 – As long as TikTok’s willing to sell.
    0:57:52 Yeah, everyone interested in buying it
    0:57:52 wants to get us involved.
    0:57:54 – Yeah, I don’t know the political side
    0:57:56 like how that’s all going to impact it
    0:57:58 to be forced to divest, but if they are.
    0:58:01 – Yeah, it’s gonna be banned if they don’t.
    0:58:02 It’s just a question of like,
    0:58:03 is TikTok gonna sell or not?
    0:58:04 – Yeah, what would you do?
    0:58:07 – Oh God, bro, we just, we’re winding the podcast down.
    0:58:11 Are you really about to start another five hour talk?
    0:58:12 Truthfully, I would have to surround myself
    0:58:14 with like the 10 greatest algorithms
    0:58:14 to make people in the world
    0:58:16 and I’d have to spend like a week with them
    0:58:17 and just like absorb.
    0:58:19 Like I have no idea what I would do right now.
    0:58:20 – Jimmy, this has been a pleasure.
    0:58:21 – It’s been fun.
    0:58:22 – Thanks for doing it, man.
    0:58:23 I’m excited to hoop.
    0:58:24 I hope it pays tonight.
    0:58:25 – So on basketball camp five,
    0:58:27 we’ll do another one every two years.
    0:58:27 So what are we doing?
    0:58:29 – We’re like the Olympic Cycles
    0:58:30 like every two years in our face.
    0:58:32 – Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos and Mark Zuckerberger
    0:58:36 in the other room, we gotta crank out this podcast
    0:58:37 and I’m gonna ball with them.
    0:58:38 – All right boys, we did it.
    0:58:39 All right, great out of here.
    0:58:40 – Thanks Jimmy.
    0:58:41 – Hey boys.
    0:58:42 ♪ I feel like I can rule the world ♪
    0:58:45 ♪ I know I could be what I want to ♪
    0:58:48 ♪ I put my all in it like no days off ♪
    0:58:51 ♪ On the road, let’s travel never looking back ♪
    0:58:58 – Hey, Sean here.
    0:58:59 A quick break to tell you an Ev Williams story.
    0:59:01 So he started Twitter
    0:59:02 and before that he sold a company
    0:59:03 to Google for a hundred million dollars
    0:59:04 and somebody asked him.
    0:59:06 They said, Ev, what’s the secret man?
    0:59:08 How do you create these huge businesses,
    0:59:09 billion dollar businesses?
    0:59:11 And he says, well, I think the answer is
    0:59:12 that you take a human desire,
    0:59:15 preferably one that’s been around for thousands of years
    0:59:18 and then you just use modern technology to take out steps.
    0:59:20 Just remove the friction that exists
    0:59:22 between people getting what they want.
    0:59:24 And that is what my partner Mercury does.
    0:59:26 They took one of the most basic needs any entrepreneur has
    0:59:27 managing your money
    0:59:29 and being able to do your financial operations.
    0:59:30 So they’ve removed all the friction
    0:59:32 that has existed for decades.
    0:59:33 No more clunky interfaces.
    0:59:36 No more 10 tabs to get something done.
    0:59:37 No more having to drive to a bank,
    0:59:39 get out of your car just to send a wire transfer.
    0:59:41 They made it fast, they made it easy.
    0:59:43 You can actually just get back to running your business.
    0:59:44 You don’t have to worry about the rest of it.
    0:59:46 I use it for not one, not two,
    0:59:48 but six of my companies right now.
    0:59:50 And it’s used by also 200,000 other ambitious founders.
    0:59:52 So if you want to be like me,
    0:59:55 head to mercury.com, open them an account in minutes.
    0:59:57 And remember, Mercury is a financial technology company,
    0:59:59 not a bank, banking services provided
    1:00:00 by Choice Financial Group
    1:00:03 and evolve Bank & Trust members FDIC.
    1:00:04 All right, back to the episode.

    Access Shaan’s interview prep and research notes: https://clickhubspot.com/mrbeastfiles 

    Episode 676: Shaan Puri ( https://x.com/ShaanVP ) sits down with MrBeast ( https://x.com/MrBeast ) to talk about the mindset that made him the youngest billionaire and biggest entertainer on earth. 

    Show Notes: 

    (0:00) Origin story

    (5:11) Burn the boats

    (11:15) The Rule of 100

    (16:49) You can make anything go viral

    (23:27) Cloning

    (28:39) Impossible is possible

    (36:53) Consultants are a cheat code

    (41:25) Block out the noise

    (43:00) Reinvest everything

    (47:30) Feastables

    (53:02) Getting jacked

    (54:56) Buying TikTok

    Links:

    • MrBeast on YouTube – https://tinyurl.com/2wfkm4by 

    • Beast Games – https://tinyurl.com/fh3atsxp 

    • Feastables – https://feastables.com/ 

    Check Out Shaan’s Stuff:

    Need to hire? You should use the same service Shaan uses to hire developers, designers, & Virtual Assistants → it’s called Shepherd (tell ‘em Shaan sent you): https://bit.ly/SupportShepherd

    Check Out Sam’s Stuff:

    • Hampton – https://www.joinhampton.com/

    • Ideation Bootcamp – https://www.ideationbootcamp.co/

    • Copy That – https://copythat.com

    • Hampton Wealth Survey – https://joinhampton.com/wealth

    • Sam’s List – http://samslist.co/

    My First Million is a HubSpot Original Podcast // Brought to you by The HubSpot Podcast Network // Production by Arie Desormeaux // Editing by Ezra Bakker Trupiano

  • 656: $5k/mo Reviewing Products Part-Time: An Amazon Influencer Update

    AI transcript
    0:00:06 I call this the easiest online side hustle ever, but it’s still a viable path
    0:00:10 to extra income. We’re about to find out what’s new with the Amazon influencer
    0:00:13 program since we first covered it a couple of years ago on the show.
    0:00:18 This is the program that allows you to upload short product review videos and
    0:00:22 earn a small commission when somebody buys the thing on Amazon after watching
    0:00:26 your video at that time, pretty low production quality,
    0:00:30 relatively low competition and the best part, you didn’t need to drive any of
    0:00:34 your own traffic. You just kind of sat there on the product pages and if somebody
    0:00:37 watched it, you earned a little commission, very much said it and forget it.
    0:00:41 Probably as close to passive income on the internet as you can get to date.
    0:00:46 I’ve earned over $2,000 as an Amazon influencer, very,
    0:00:49 very part-time, very passive, but which is great.
    0:00:54 But that pales in comparison to today’s guest who’s earned over $130,000 as a
    0:01:00 product reviewer, uh, lately around $5,000 a month on the side from his day
    0:01:04 job, which I think is pretty cool from creator side income, Tyler Christensen.
    0:01:06 Welcome back to the side hustle show.
    0:01:08 Thanks. Great to be back.
    0:01:10 A lot has changed since we last chatted a couple of years ago.
    0:01:13 So it’s fun to be back talking about Amazon.
    0:01:18 Yes. So, so catch us up now, whatever the proverbial fruit is as low hanging as
    0:01:21 this, it tends to get picked over.
    0:01:23 At least that’s the trend that we’ve seen over the last 10, 12 years of the
    0:01:25 show, but catch us up.
    0:01:27 What’s been going on in the Amazon influencer world for you?
    0:01:32 Well, so the Amazon influencer program is largely the same as it was two years
    0:01:36 ago, the idea that you can just film a video on your phone, uh,
    0:01:38 of some product and upload it to Amazon.
    0:01:41 Like you mentioned, a very low hanging fruit.
    0:01:45 You can, at least in theory, do that in two or three minutes, take a one minute
    0:01:50 video, upload it, tag it, and, and you’re done, which means if you work really
    0:01:52 hard, you could do hundreds a month.
    0:01:57 Yeah. Two years ago, hundreds of videos a month would result in thousands of
    0:02:00 dollars a month in earnings for the influencer.
    0:02:02 That is no longer the case.
    0:02:06 However, I agree with you that it’s still the easiest side hustle that’s out
    0:02:09 there, no startup costs, really easy.
    0:02:12 You don’t need to have fancy equipment or anything like that.
    0:02:16 You can’t make quite as much money now, but you can still make really good money.
    0:02:18 So that part hasn’t changed.
    0:02:22 Is that a factor of more players in the space or commission rates getting cut or
    0:02:25 visibility of the videos getting diminished?
    0:02:25 What’s going on there?
    0:02:26 Yeah.
    0:02:31 So there’s some speculation that there are caps or, or that Amazon might
    0:02:33 throttle you if you have too many videos.
    0:02:35 There are a lot of theories out there on that.
    0:02:39 What we do know for sure is there are definitely way more players in the space.
    0:02:41 And so you just have more competition.
    0:02:45 When you put a video up for a product, if there’s already 20 videos for that
    0:02:47 product, it’s just less likely that someone will see yours.
    0:02:52 Whereas two, three, four years ago, you could review almost anything and yours
    0:02:54 would be the only video up for that product.
    0:02:56 And, and that’s just no longer the case.
    0:02:56 Okay.
    0:03:01 So maybe prioritizing the ones that are newer products, maybe they don’t have a
    0:03:05 ton of videos out there yet, just because well, even if you get, even if
    0:03:10 everybody cycles through evenly, you’re still only going to get one 20th of the,
    0:03:14 of the views and it may not even be that case where maybe they’re going to
    0:03:17 prioritize ones with better watch times or better conversion rates or whatever.
    0:03:18 Maybe.
    0:03:18 Yeah.
    0:03:21 The challenge with that is you want trending products.
    0:03:24 You want products that are popular right now that are best sellers, but of
    0:03:27 course, if they’re best sellers, then a lot of people have them and make videos.
    0:03:32 So there’s a sweet spot where they’re popular, but not too popular or new, but
    0:03:32 not too new.
    0:03:34 And you kind of have to muddle through.
    0:03:37 There are some software programs that can help with that.
    0:03:38 There are some extensions.
    0:03:40 I don’t use any of those things.
    0:03:44 Um, just because I’ve been in this long enough, I’ve kind of found my own system
    0:03:49 for finding products, but the cool thing is even with things that aren’t best
    0:03:53 seller, I got a sponsored video this week where somebody sent me a power station
    0:03:55 and it costs $3,000 on Amazon.
    0:03:59 So while they’re paying me to make the video, they’re paying me $80.
    0:04:03 If, if a single person buys one of those power stations, so it doesn’t have to
    0:04:06 be a huge seller, but if I get one cell, that’s like another 50 bucks.
    0:04:12 And so, and if it does do really well, if that video, um, helps people make
    0:04:15 decisions and a lot of people buy the power station, then potentially
    0:04:17 that’s a nice source of income and moving forward.
    0:04:19 What’s, what’s a power station?
    0:04:21 Like a generator, you know, you just plug stuff into it.
    0:04:24 But if your power goes out in your house, you can plug in your refrigerator,
    0:04:25 stuff like that.
    0:04:25 Okay.
    0:04:29 That was one of the themes from the last conversation was focusing on the higher
    0:04:34 ticket items because you’re only going to make two to 4% of the sales price.
    0:04:37 And so if you’re selling a $10 thing, it’s going to take the same amount of
    0:04:42 time to review it as it is going to take to review the $100 thing or the $200
    0:04:42 thing.
    0:04:46 And so all else being equal, focus your energy and attention on the, the
    0:04:47 higher price products.
    0:04:50 Although you can still make good money with low end products, especially
    0:04:51 if you’re making a lot of videos.
    0:04:55 So if, if you have tons of videos out there and they only make six cents
    0:04:59 each time you make a sale, you know, enough of those added up, just like
    0:05:00 any other investment, it adds up.
    0:05:01 Yeah.
    0:05:04 Some of my best sellers kind of are on both ends.
    0:05:09 One is the green bin food compost bags, which is probably a $10.
    0:05:10 I don’t, I don’t even know.
    0:05:12 I was like, Hey, you know, we’ve, we’ve tested a few of these.
    0:05:14 These are genuinely the best that we found.
    0:05:15 This is the, this is the one you want, right?
    0:05:16 It’s a no-brainer.
    0:05:20 And then on the other hand, it’s like, we have like an electric car charger
    0:05:22 thing in my parents’ garage.
    0:05:25 He was like, well, might as well quit, shoot a quick video review.
    0:05:27 Cause this is like a several hundred, several hundred dollar item.
    0:05:31 And so that one is on the higher end where when it does sell, it’s a much
    0:05:36 bigger commission rate, but so those are a couple examples of high sellers for me.
    0:05:40 Now, one of the new things that Amazon introduced just in the last six
    0:05:43 months is, well, actually it’s been around for longer than that, but they’ve
    0:05:46 started promoting it is the creator connections.
    0:05:47 Are you familiar with that?
    0:05:50 No, this is definitely one area that I wanted to talk to you about.
    0:05:52 Schoolless about creator connections.
    0:05:53 Okay.
    0:05:57 Creator connections is really interesting because I think what Amazon is trying
    0:06:00 to do is they don’t want to pay more money to influencers.
    0:06:02 And so they’re getting the brands to pay that.
    0:06:07 And the way that they’re facilitating that is they’ve made this new area where
    0:06:11 if you’re in the influencer program, you can go through a directory of products
    0:06:13 that brands have signed up for and they have a budget.
    0:06:18 Uh, and what happens is if you have that product, or if you purchase that product,
    0:06:22 or in some cases the company will send you that product for free or even pay
    0:06:26 you to review that product, instead of getting the, the typical commissions
    0:06:30 from Amazon, which are very low, half a percent to four percent, the brands
    0:06:35 will pay you up anywhere to 20% for commissions on, on sales of their products.
    0:06:40 And so one of the things that has helped me lately as there’s been more
    0:06:43 competition for products is finding things on those creator connections.
    0:06:47 And, and most of those things were things I reviewed anyways.
    0:06:50 So it’s simply a matter of checking the box to say, I want to be part of this
    0:06:51 campaign.
    0:06:55 And that’s all you literally, all you have to do is just say accept on
    0:06:57 things you’ve already reviewed.
    0:07:01 And then you can link the, the video that you’ve posted, uh, whether it’s on
    0:07:03 social medias or on the Amazon platform.
    0:07:06 And then anytime there’s a sale on that, you get a higher commission.
    0:07:09 So that has helped with, uh, creators quite a bit.
    0:07:15 But then for me, uh, I had one product that I found, uh, we bought it over
    0:07:19 the summer thinking that it would be a good Christmas present for our, our kids.
    0:07:25 And it was a higher ticket item and it paid a, a 10% commission instead
    0:07:26 of a 1% commission.
    0:07:27 Yeah.
    0:07:30 And so every time it would sell, we would make 30 or $40.
    0:07:36 And that one review has resulted in about $5,000 in the last six months.
    0:07:40 So you can, you can really strike at rich, uh, if you find the right product.
    0:07:43 From one review, you think about the hourly rate of that.
    0:07:49 So where do I go to find these creator connection invites or possible products and brands?
    0:07:49 Yeah.
    0:07:54 So if you’re in your associates, whatever that’s called, where it shows you all
    0:07:58 your information, your reports and stuff, I’m in like a creator hub right now.
    0:07:59 Yeah.
    0:08:01 There is a tab that you can pull down.
    0:08:05 You have to be on the offsite portion of the tab.
    0:08:10 So you can log in to either your onsite profile or your offsite profile.
    0:08:16 If you get onto your offsite and just scroll down the tags, then there’s a little
    0:08:17 button for creator connections.
    0:08:22 Now I do believe that they did send out invitations, but anyone that’s in the
    0:08:26 influencer program can join just by finding that tab and signing up.
    0:08:29 Okay. Well, dig around and be on the lookout for that.
    0:08:31 I think that’s a really interesting angle.
    0:08:37 Now has Amazon, since we last connected, provided any additional guidance as to
    0:08:42 the influencer program application requirements, like, you know, size of the
    0:08:46 file, because they want you to plug in your Instagram, YouTube, TikTok.
    0:08:49 Like they want to have some level of social following, but they never, at least
    0:08:53 at that time said, well, the minimum threshold is 2000 followers or something
    0:08:53 like that.
    0:08:55 They haven’t said anything.
    0:08:57 They are as mysterious as they’ve always been.
    0:09:02 However, just through Reddit groups, Facebook groups and others, there is a
    0:09:05 general sense of what’s required to end its engagement.
    0:09:10 So rather than having a real big following, 10,000 followers or whatever,
    0:09:15 you can get in with as few as like 50 followers as long as there’s legitimate
    0:09:19 engagement that they’re commenting on your videos, that it’s not just friends and
    0:09:22 family, but that you’re putting something out there and having people engage with
    0:09:23 it on social media.
    0:09:26 So that seems to be what’s working best.
    0:09:32 The other good news now is it used to be really, really hard to get first accepted
    0:09:36 into the program as an influencer, but then you have to upload three videos and
    0:09:37 they have to be approved.
    0:09:42 And a lot of people were getting their videos rejected during a time of growth
    0:09:46 for Amazon, but over the last six months, it seems like they’ve lessened the
    0:09:47 threshold for that.
    0:09:51 And so a lot more people are getting in now, just with the same requirements
    0:09:54 that we’ve always had, that you just have some kind of social following.
    0:09:58 A lot of people are doing it through TikTok right now, but you can do it on any
    0:10:03 platform. And the videos aren’t being rejected as often.
    0:10:07 That threshold to actually put something for onsite commissions.
    0:10:11 You have to have your three videos approved and people are having more
    0:10:12 success now with that.
    0:10:17 Okay. And when you say onsite versus offsite, onsite is what I think I’m most
    0:10:20 familiar with was like the video was shown on the product page.
    0:10:23 Somebody watches it. They ultimately purchase, you get a commission.
    0:10:26 What’s, what’s the offsite piece of that?
    0:10:30 Yeah. So onsite is the thing when we talk about the Amazon influencer program,
    0:10:34 that’s all onsite offsite is what we’ve had for years and years with the
    0:10:40 Amazon affiliate program, where you simply create an account with Amazon.
    0:10:43 Anyone can do it. There, there is no requirements.
    0:10:46 You just have to go through the process, Google, Amazon affiliate.
    0:10:48 And when you sign up for that,
    0:10:52 they’ll make it so you can get a link for any product that you have.
    0:10:57 And like, if you have a YouTube video, you put that link on your YouTube video.
    0:11:00 It directs people to Amazon. So that’s why it’s coming from offsite.
    0:11:02 And you make a commission.
    0:11:07 And actually the commissions for offsite are better than onsite commissions.
    0:11:10 They’re, you’ll get a higher percentage, plus they have better incentives.
    0:11:13 My little brother’s crushing on offsite.
    0:11:15 So while his onsite has gone down,
    0:11:19 he’s actually making more than ever through Amazon because his YouTube channel
    0:11:21 has done better. Okay. So in your case,
    0:11:24 this would be the reviews of cool stuff YouTube channel.
    0:11:26 That’s like the primary offsite driver. Yeah.
    0:11:29 And you can do it on any social platform.
    0:11:31 So if you’re a big Instagram or a TikToker,
    0:11:35 you can put those links anywhere and drive traffic to Amazon. Got it. Got it.
    0:11:40 You just have to go in and kind of pull that specific tracking link versus it kind
    0:11:43 of automatic in the onsite version. Right. Okay.
    0:11:44 Many videos. So you have two now.
    0:11:47 I have about 2,300 total videos.
    0:11:49 So I did about 800 last year,
    0:11:52 which was down from the year before where I did about 1,200.
    0:11:55 So I was doing a hundred a month. I’ve kind of,
    0:11:58 now I’m only doing about 50, 75 a month. Okay. Yeah.
    0:12:01 For the sake of comparison, I did eight all last year,
    0:12:05 but still made 700 bucks. Like it was really, really passive. Yeah.
    0:12:08 So it’s almost this volume game and you can, you know,
    0:12:11 play with these different metrics of like, well, are there already, you know,
    0:12:13 other videos out there? Is it a high price?
    0:12:15 Probably like to try and prioritize your, your work there,
    0:12:18 but it, it does seem to be, I mean, there’s an 80, 20 to it,
    0:12:22 but a bit of a volume game where the more videos that you have,
    0:12:23 the wider a net you can cast,
    0:12:27 the more likely you are to pick up some views and some sales. Yeah. Well,
    0:12:32 and the one thing I will say is I’ve always treated this kind of as a real job
    0:12:35 that I have to consistently show up and put videos,
    0:12:40 but where in 2023 I was spending maybe 20 plus hours
    0:12:44 a week with it. Now I’m still doing those 50 to 75 videos a month,
    0:12:46 but I’m doing it in two or three hours a week.
    0:12:51 So I’ve really reduced my time in creating videos because I’ve gotten better
    0:12:55 at it, but also just because I’m not doing quite the volume I was doing before.
    0:12:57 More with Tyler in just a moment,
    0:13:00 including his take on production quality, video thumbnails,
    0:13:05 getting paid by brands to do sponsored videos, monetizing on YouTube and lots
    0:13:06 more right after this.
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    0:14:17 presenter asked this question, are you working on your business or are you
    0:14:18 working in your business?
    0:14:20 And at that point, I had already quit my job.
    0:14:25 I saw myself as a full-time entrepreneur, but it was this moment of clarity that,
    0:14:27 no, I’m still very much working in the business.
    0:14:30 So when I got back home, that’s when I made my first full-time
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    0:15:32 Have you seen a step up in the necessary production value or it was still
    0:15:36 kind of like really rudimentary shot with your phone, a quick voiceover type of stuff?
    0:15:40 Because of the saturation of the market, what we’re finding is in certain
    0:15:44 segments for certain kinds of products, the quality does matter.
    0:15:47 So if you’re doing mostly technology products, you’re competing against
    0:15:51 people who are professional reviewers, you know, tech reviewers.
    0:15:53 And so you do need to up the quality for that.
    0:15:58 If you’re reviewing a granola bar, you need to just eat the granola bar and talk about it.
    0:16:02 You really, there’s no need to, to scale up those videos.
    0:16:08 However, that being said, I do feel like if you want to protect yourself as a
    0:16:12 product reviewer, where it is getting harder and harder to make money on site
    0:16:17 with Amazon, YouTube does value higher quality videos.
    0:16:22 And so if you’re only going to film at once and edit at once, I am starting to put
    0:16:27 more time and energy into certain kinds of videos, hoping that they’ll do well
    0:16:30 on YouTube and drive traffic to Amazon.
    0:16:33 And those same videos seem to be doing a little bit better on Amazon.
    0:16:36 It’s not a huge difference, but it does make a little difference.
    0:16:37 Okay.
    0:16:40 So across posting the same content on both channels, right?
    0:16:45 Film at once, improve the production quality a little bit, targeting that YouTube
    0:16:51 traffic that offsite commissions with the understanding that, hey, it’s a higher
    0:16:55 quality video, so maybe Amazon’s going to prioritize it on the onsite side as well.
    0:16:59 To go along with that, one of the things that’s really changed the game a little
    0:17:04 bit in the last year is the popularity of the TikTok shop, which are vertical
    0:17:08 videos and Amazon has wanted to compete with that as YouTube shorts has wanted
    0:17:09 to with vertical videos.
    0:17:15 However, what we found in on Amazon is while those get a lot more clicks, they
    0:17:16 don’t get more sales.
    0:17:18 The vertical videos don’t do really well.
    0:17:23 However, a lot of people who do product reviews are finding that they’re doing
    0:17:24 really well on TikTok shop.
    0:17:29 So, and I’m including that, that I’ve recorded more vertical videos that are
    0:17:34 punchy, that are quick edits, they’re shorter videos, but they take a lot longer
    0:17:36 to make just because of the editing process.
    0:17:38 And they’ll do well on TikTok shop.
    0:17:38 Okay.
    0:17:41 They don’t do great on Amazon, but they get a lot of clicks.
    0:17:42 So it misses up all your data.
    0:17:47 Is that also through the Amazon influencer program or is this would be
    0:17:52 separate through a TikTok shop product separate on TikTok shop?
    0:17:56 You have to have, I think right now they’ve changed it over the last year.
    0:17:58 It used to be no followers.
    0:18:00 Then it was 10,000 followers.
    0:18:01 Now it’s like 1000 followers.
    0:18:06 So you have to have meet this minimum threshold of followers to get accepted
    0:18:07 into the TikTok shop.
    0:18:11 Uh, and so their requirements are different from Amazon, but it doesn’t
    0:18:15 take a ton of time to build up a following on TikTok shop.
    0:18:19 So, uh, a lot of product reviewers are doing that just to supplement their
    0:18:20 income and some are doing really well.
    0:18:24 I know someone that made close to a million dollars last year with just
    0:18:27 TikTok shop, because he found the right products, understood how to make
    0:18:28 the right kinds of videos.
    0:18:31 And so you can make a lot of money there as well.
    0:18:35 But I know more people on TikTok shop that are making no dollars because it’s,
    0:18:38 it seems to be harder to do, harder to learn than Amazon.
    0:18:43 Yeah, it’s trying to hit that, you know, hit something viral that is at the
    0:18:45 right price point and is it, you know, the right place, right time.
    0:18:48 And yeah, you make a little commission on something that hits.
    0:18:50 Dang, that’s kind of crazy.
    0:18:54 I’ll go, well, maybe, maybe you sent me an intro and we could do a video about
    0:18:54 that.
    0:18:56 That’s something I never even really heard of.
    0:19:02 But in the TikTok shop case, these are mostly products that you already own.
    0:19:04 This is stuff that brands are sending to you.
    0:19:06 Give me a sense of what you’re reviewing.
    0:19:08 I think it is mostly stuff that brands send to you.
    0:19:12 TikTok shop is very different from Amazon and the Amazon has all kinds of
    0:19:16 products, anything that you would buy, you can pretty much find out on Amazon.
    0:19:21 TikTok really focuses on viral trending products.
    0:19:24 They’re usually really cheap products, things that you can just, you know,
    0:19:26 spend 10 or $20 on.
    0:19:30 And so the people who are having success are writing the trends.
    0:19:33 They’re figuring out what’s going to be popular or what’s currently popular.
    0:19:37 And rather than like on Amazon, you might make one or two videos for a
    0:19:39 particular product on TikTok shop.
    0:19:43 If you find something that’s trending and your video is doing well, then you
    0:19:46 make 50 videos on that same product.
    0:19:49 You just make a new video every week and kind of build on that momentum.
    0:19:53 So it’s a very different strategy, different filming techniques.
    0:19:54 It’s, it’s a little work.
    0:19:57 And I haven’t gone full in on that just because it is hard.
    0:20:01 Well, one type of strategy going back to the Amazon side of things was trying
    0:20:06 to create, instead of just like XYZ product review, it’s kind of like this
    0:20:09 product versus this product, like kind of a comparison, like trying to
    0:20:13 help people make the decision for which one is right for them.
    0:20:14 You experimented with anything like that.
    0:20:15 Yes, absolutely.
    0:20:18 And comparison videos do seem to do really well.
    0:20:23 And, and again, talking about crossover here, those kinds of videos do really
    0:20:26 well on YouTube and drive traffic to Amazon.
    0:20:30 So if you have like seven of the same kind of product and you can do a big
    0:20:34 comparison on YouTube, that’s going to bring traffic to Amazon.
    0:20:38 On Amazon, just having two products, having, having a single comparison,
    0:20:42 this or that, Amazon has ran some incentives because they want more
    0:20:43 videos like that.
    0:20:43 Okay.
    0:20:46 And so maybe they’re even promoting those kinds of videos a little more.
    0:20:50 But I found with the videos, I wasn’t part of that incentive program, but I
    0:20:53 made those kinds of videos anyways, and they’ve done quite well.
    0:20:59 So if you have, my problem is I don’t like to stock, hold products, right?
    0:21:03 So if I have a lot of the same things, I get rid of them, but like, I, I
    0:21:05 did a bunch of space heaters last year.
    0:21:07 And if I had all of them, I’d make a bunch more comparison videos.
    0:21:09 I just don’t have those.
    0:21:11 And so just changes your strategy.
    0:21:11 Yeah.
    0:21:14 Are you, are you still like giving away stuff to your students?
    0:21:14 Yeah.
    0:21:15 Yeah.
    0:21:17 That’s most of what I review for Amazon.
    0:21:22 Cause I, you know, if you’re doing eight hundred products in a year, I probably
    0:21:24 only have and have kept maybe a hundred of those things.
    0:21:26 The rest I, I get rid of.
    0:21:28 And, and a lot of them I get for free.
    0:21:33 Last year I did 400 sponsored videos that products that company sent to me and I
    0:21:37 got paid to make those videos, I get paid on the backend, but I don’t necessarily
    0:21:38 need the product.
    0:21:39 So I just give them away.
    0:21:39 Yeah.
    0:21:41 And the comparison videos are a little more challenging.
    0:21:45 Cause it’s like, well, I just bought the one thing and I don’t have the other, I
    0:21:48 don’t have, you know, the tier two thing or the alternative.
    0:21:50 Cause that’s not what I decided to buy.
    0:21:54 But yeah, if you end up getting both, or if you can have better yet to have the
    0:21:58 brands send them to you and even better yet have the brands pay you to do the review.
    0:22:04 Was that a factor of you building up this volume of work, this body of work on the
    0:22:07 plan, and then they start to, Hey, this guy’s reviewing a lot of stuff.
    0:22:10 We want to make sure that we get our thing in his hands.
    0:22:10 Yeah.
    0:22:13 It works a couple of different ways.
    0:22:18 It, when you create an Amazon influencer account, you’ll have a storefront.
    0:22:21 And on your storefront, you can link to your social media accounts.
    0:22:24 You can’t link directly to an email account.
    0:22:27 So if, if people want to find you, they have to leave Amazon and go to your
    0:22:30 YouTube channel or your Tik Tok or your Instagram.
    0:22:34 But if you have your contact information there, then they’ll find you.
    0:22:37 And what I’m finding is because I’m putting all my videos on, on multiple
    0:22:41 platforms, I’m having just as many people find me on YouTube as are finding
    0:22:43 me on Amazon through my storefront.
    0:22:46 And so I’ll get inquiries from companies.
    0:22:50 I get about five a day that say, Hey, I’ve, they always say the same thing.
    0:22:51 They’re, they’re mostly foreign sellers.
    0:22:55 And they always say, I’ve been following for you a long time.
    0:22:55 I’ve been following you.
    0:22:57 I’m your biggest fan.
    0:22:58 I love your work.
    0:23:02 When you know, they, they saw one video and it’s similar to the product
    0:23:06 that they’re selling, uh, but they always come with that, that pitch that I, I
    0:23:07 love all your stuff.
    0:23:09 Can we send you a product and you’ll review it?
    0:23:14 And usually the expectation or the hope there for the, the Amazon seller, you
    0:23:18 know, this foreign seller that’s kind of working as a broker is that we’ll
    0:23:20 send you a product, you’ll review it.
    0:23:21 You’ll put it on Amazon.
    0:23:24 Maybe you’ll also put it on YouTube and that’s a win-win.
    0:23:31 However, if as a influencer, I decide to return their inquiry and say, I’d
    0:23:32 love to work with you.
    0:23:34 I love doing product reviews.
    0:23:38 I charge X amount to do a review and I put it up on YouTube and Amazon.
    0:23:43 Then a small percentage of those initial inquiries will come back and say, well,
    0:23:46 that doesn’t meet our budget, but we can pay you this amount.
    0:23:48 Or they’ll say, yeah, that sounds great.
    0:23:53 And so I, I almost only do paid reviews now and I’m, all my reviews are kind
    0:23:58 of in the 30 to $80 range, but I have enough videos up that people find me
    0:24:01 both through Amazon and through YouTube.
    0:24:04 If it’s through Amazon, they still have to go to YouTube just to find my email address.
    0:24:06 But that’s how they’re finding me.
    0:24:10 And that’s an extra $1,000 a month, just having spent sponsored videos.
    0:24:11 Okay.
    0:24:14 I’m starting to see how all of these different revenue streams kind of work
    0:24:16 together and compliment each other.
    0:24:18 We’ve got these sponsored videos.
    0:24:20 We’ve got the onsite Amazon commissions.
    0:24:24 We’ve got the creator connections where we can increase the commissions by
    0:24:26 working with certain products and certain brands.
    0:24:30 We’ve got the offsite commissions driven from TikTok shop, from YouTube.
    0:24:33 And it all kind of feeds together.
    0:24:37 If you enjoy doing this type of product review content and starting with what
    0:24:42 you already have, I mean, you can go and look at your own Amazon order history.
    0:24:46 You can, we’ve had friends, you know, I’ve asked, well, what happens when you run
    0:24:47 out of stuff at your house?
    0:24:50 Like, well, I go to my friend’s house that I go to my neighbors, you know, it
    0:24:51 is kind of snowball from there.
    0:24:54 And as you start to build it up, now the brands start reaching out to you.
    0:24:55 Hey, can we send you this thing?
    0:24:57 And I don’t know, it’s, it’s a really interesting model.
    0:25:02 The one income source that we haven’t talked about yet is also from YouTube.
    0:25:05 Once you get enough videos there, you can monetize your YouTube channel.
    0:25:07 So you also make money through AdSense.
    0:25:09 So for me, that’s a small amount.
    0:25:10 It’s about $500 a month.
    0:25:15 But again, all those things add up and it’s a sizable income at that point.
    0:25:15 Yeah.
    0:25:18 And the 500 bucks a month, not anything to sneeze at when it’s work
    0:25:19 you were going to do anyways.
    0:25:23 Well, especially for a school teacher, $500 a month is life changing for most
    0:25:24 of us.
    0:25:25 So yeah, it is a good amount.
    0:25:26 Income.
    0:25:26 Yeah.
    0:25:31 And one thing that I’ve noticed as an Amazon shopper, and it was actually a
    0:25:35 former guest on the show who was like for a toilet or something.
    0:25:36 We’re doing a bathroom remodel.
    0:25:40 I was like, Hey, I know those guys, but they had a kind of a nice looking kind
    0:25:41 of YouTube style thumbnail.
    0:25:44 I don’t know if they were syndicating the same review over to YouTube.
    0:25:47 It’d be kind of a random thing to have on their YouTube channel.
    0:25:48 But who knows?
    0:25:52 Have you seen like the importance of thumbnails type of shift as you’re
    0:25:55 uploading to the influencer side?
    0:25:55 Yeah.
    0:26:00 So for the longest time, when I first started, I would do a thumbnail for
    0:26:04 Amazon and for YouTube that would highlight the product, maybe outline it,
    0:26:07 have an arrow, a little bit of text.
    0:26:10 And I found that I was spending so much time doing thumbnails that I was
    0:26:11 doing less videos.
    0:26:16 And so I abandoned that strategy, started just taking screenshots of the product
    0:26:18 and simply use that.
    0:26:22 And I’ve, I’ve kind of stayed with that over the last couple of years.
    0:26:27 However, again, I’m, I’m starting to see the value of offsite commissions.
    0:26:32 And so I am spending more time with both thumbnails and with titles instead of
    0:26:34 just a review for this bar of soap.
    0:26:38 I’m saying this is the bar of soap that I’ve used for seven years.
    0:26:43 I won’t try any other soap, you know, having more, not necessarily click bait,
    0:26:46 but more enticing titles and same with the thumbnails.
    0:26:50 And, and that’s not because it changes a lot on Amazon.
    0:26:51 I’ve tested it.
    0:26:54 And as far as click through and, and getting people to buy your products,
    0:26:58 I don’t feel like thumbnails are a huge part of the equation right now,
    0:27:02 but they are a much bigger part of the equation off for offsite with YouTube
    0:27:03 and other platforms.
    0:27:04 Yeah.
    0:27:08 It’s one of these things where if you can build the system and do it relatively
    0:27:11 quickly, it’s probably not going to hurt your click through rate, but, right.
    0:27:13 And maybe don’t overthink it.
    0:27:13 I don’t know.
    0:27:18 That’s, I’ve been trying to pay a little bit more attention because kind of the
    0:27:21 default is just like, it takes us random screen grab from your video.
    0:27:24 You’re like, well, that, that is the best illustration of what we’re talking about.
    0:27:28 So I don’t know if this will have any impact on the views that my stuff gets,
    0:27:32 but like trying to add easy to install or worth it.
    0:27:34 Kind of like question mark type of stuff on the thumbnails.
    0:27:35 We’ll see, see what happens.
    0:27:36 Right.
    0:27:42 And for me, the part of the workflow is that I grabbed my product and as I fill
    0:27:45 in the video for the first five seconds, I just like point to it and make a funny
    0:27:46 face or whatever.
    0:27:48 And that’s kind of my style for thumbnails.
    0:27:54 But then I can just take a screen grab from that on off of the video, save it as
    0:27:55 a separate file.
    0:27:59 So it really only takes me an additional five seconds, but then I can really
    0:28:03 feature the product how I want to, I can have it closer to the camera and things
    0:28:03 like that.
    0:28:07 And so that has made a bit of a difference for me, I think just because it’s very
    0:28:09 clear what the product is.
    0:28:09 All right.
    0:28:15 Anything else that, you know, newcomers or people who, you know, maybe are going
    0:28:19 to revisit the Amazon influencer program should know about this year.
    0:28:21 That’s changed over that time.
    0:28:24 Obviously we’re going to look up this creator connections type of thing to see
    0:28:29 if we can increase the commissions from what we’re already doing, but just kind
    0:28:33 of going through and getting reinspired to create some new video content.
    0:28:38 I think most of what makes you successful as a product reviewer has remained constant.
    0:28:40 You have to, it’s work.
    0:28:41 You have to put in the time.
    0:28:43 You have to be fairly consistent.
    0:28:47 There were a lot of people who started around the same time I did who worked
    0:28:53 really hard for six months, made 500 videos, made $20,000, $30,000 off that,
    0:28:55 but then just burnt out.
    0:29:00 And so I think the best advice I can give anyone now is set manageable goals.
    0:29:05 You know, do five videos a week, but do that consistently over a period of several
    0:29:07 months, and then it starts to compound.
    0:29:12 And if you’re only making pennies in the beginning, just know it’s a numbers
    0:29:15 game and you know, it might not be my, my best product review.
    0:29:17 I did a review in my first year.
    0:29:22 I was about six months in and, and I was starting to figure out what
    0:29:24 things sold better and what was trending.
    0:29:28 And I found something that popped off and it made me $17,000.
    0:29:31 And I have not had that kind of success since them.
    0:29:35 However, that product still makes me a few hundred dollars every single month.
    0:29:40 And if I had only done my first 400 videos, I never would have had that product.
    0:29:45 And so it’s just being consistent, looking for different things and improving over
    0:29:49 time, as far as your product selection and as well as the style of the videos,
    0:29:50 things like that, you just get better at it.
    0:29:55 And that’s what’s kind of cool here is the videos can have a really long shelf
    0:29:59 life where, like I said, only uploaded eight last year.
    0:30:03 None of them were necessarily great sellers, but, you know, the stuff
    0:30:05 from the previous year will still make it sales.
    0:30:09 And so if you get something that, that sticks and hopefully
    0:30:12 doesn’t get flooded with a lot of other videos or for whatever reason,
    0:30:13 yours is the one that gets shown.
    0:30:17 Like you said, it can drive this passive income really for, for months or years.
    0:30:20 Yeah. And that’s the amazing thing.
    0:30:25 If, if I stopped making videos today, I’d probably still make at least $25,000
    0:30:27 this year, just because I have that catalog.
    0:30:31 And that’s really cool to think, you know, maybe I do need to take some time off.
    0:30:34 Maybe I’ve never taken more than two weeks off.
    0:30:37 But if I took a whole month off, it probably wouldn’t matter at all.
    0:30:40 I’d still be making about the same amount of money.
    0:30:42 So I love that about the program.
    0:30:44 I mean, that’s, that’s my philosophy on a lot of stuff.
    0:30:47 Like I want to create these evergreen digital assets, like plant these little
    0:30:51 money seeds, whether it’s, you know, a piece of long form content, podcast
    0:30:56 episode, YouTube video, blog post, where it can hopefully help people and
    0:30:59 attract traffic and views and revenue for, for years, right?
    0:31:00 It’s still going to be relevant.
    0:31:00 Right.
    0:31:04 And I think there’s, there’s an element in the influencer program
    0:31:06 that, that speaks to me because it’s, it’s similar.
    0:31:11 And I kind of like that versus trying to be, you know, the next viral hit.
    0:31:13 And that’s like, I don’t know, haven’t cracked that code yet.
    0:31:17 Which I would happily take it if it, if it came, but well, it’s very good.
    0:31:22 The Amazon influencer program, we will link up all of our resources, all the
    0:31:26 notes that I think we’ll just update our, our previous page for that with
    0:31:29 Tyler’s and tips for, for 2025 here.
    0:31:35 We’re going to move on to round two, which is donate a business idea or
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    0:33:45 All right, we’re back with Tyler from Creator Side Income for round two,
    0:33:46 which is donate a business idea.
    0:33:50 This is something that you might start if you had more time.
    0:33:53 This is an opportunity that you see that side hustlers can run with.
    0:33:54 What do you got for us?
    0:33:59 Yeah, so I’ve been thinking about this because when we talked about the Amazon
    0:34:02 Influencer program, you probably noticed I referenced YouTube over and over and
    0:34:04 over that things are moving.
    0:34:07 That’s a huge platform and they’re growing and they’re adding different
    0:34:09 monetization streams.
    0:34:11 And so I love YouTube.
    0:34:15 Well, with my students, I’ve been talking to them lately.
    0:34:17 So I teach future teachers.
    0:34:18 I’m at the university.
    0:34:21 I teach people who are preparing to become elementary school teachers.
    0:34:23 And I teach a curriculum class.
    0:34:27 And my students are always asking, how can I practice creating curriculum?
    0:34:29 How can I do this in a more authentic way?
    0:34:33 And my answer to them has been started YouTube channel.
    0:34:38 And it doesn’t matter what you talk about, consistently create videos about any
    0:34:41 topic and you’ll become more expert on that topic.
    0:34:42 You’ll have to do research.
    0:34:43 You’ll gain expertise.
    0:34:47 But then the cool thing, and this is why it’s a business idea, is as you gain
    0:34:52 expertise, as you gain credibility as an expert, then just like the Amazon
    0:34:56 influencer program where people are reaching out to you to review products,
    0:35:01 people will reach out to you for your knowledge and ask you for questions.
    0:35:03 Maybe you’ll be on a podcast.
    0:35:04 Maybe you’ll speak at a conference.
    0:35:07 Maybe it’s just something fun.
    0:35:11 I just created a YouTube channel about collecting things from the 80s and it’s
    0:35:12 just a blast for me.
    0:35:17 But the cool thing about all of that is as you start building out your catalogue
    0:35:21 of videos, now you have something that people are coming to.
    0:35:24 So you can monetize your YouTube channel and make money that way.
    0:35:30 You can become an affiliate and start sending people to Amazon and making
    0:35:33 money as an affiliate for products that you talk about on your channel.
    0:35:37 But then there’s other doors that open up where you might have opportunities
    0:35:41 to speak, to attend an event or a conference.
    0:35:44 And the list goes on and on.
    0:35:50 So my business idea is create a YouTube channel about anything and make a bunch of videos.
    0:35:54 Now, outside of this 80s collectibles, if you could talk to me about that channel
    0:35:59 or maybe a different channel that you might say, let’s talk about the collectibles.
    0:36:02 Yeah, so I’m having a lot of fun right now.
    0:36:07 So my channel is called Chasing Junk and during my childhood,
    0:36:11 that’s referred to as the Junk Wax Era for baseball cards,
    0:36:13 where they way overproduced all the baseball cards.
    0:36:18 They’re not worth anything, yet people my age, us middle age, 40-year-old guys,
    0:36:21 we we go back and we find our old childhood collections and we’re like,
    0:36:24 I wonder if this is worth anything and it’s not.
    0:36:26 Yeah, I got a shoebox all right, right in the closet back there.
    0:36:28 Right. So it’s really fun.
    0:36:32 But what I found is I started going back and I bought old packs of baseball cards
    0:36:35 to open with my kids and it was super, super fun.
    0:36:39 Just to go through that experience, relive my childhood.
    0:36:42 It was very nostalgic and then I started thinking, well,
    0:36:45 now I want to complete that set that I started when I was nine.
    0:36:49 And so I’ve started chasing this baseball set.
    0:36:51 And I’ve done that with you might see in my background,
    0:36:55 I have some thundercats, action figures and other things from the 80s.
    0:36:59 Music, I like still collect CDs and vinyl.
    0:37:01 And it’s just been fun for me as a collector.
    0:37:04 We get your Atari T-shirt. Right.
    0:37:07 So I collect stuff and I’m documenting my journey.
    0:37:12 I don’t have a lot of videos up yet, but I’m starting to just unbox packs of cards.
    0:37:16 I’ve actually filmed like 200 videos. I just need to upload them.
    0:37:19 But I’m just having so much fun reliving my childhood,
    0:37:23 involving my children in the process and then talking about, you know,
    0:37:26 what it means to me to be a collector,
    0:37:28 but also to collect something that’s worthless to everyone else,
    0:37:30 but has some sentimental value to me.
    0:37:33 And I have already had some people reach out with,
    0:37:36 here’s a way to display your cards. We’ll send it to you.
    0:37:37 Just put it on your channel.
    0:37:42 And so it’s already opened some doors, even though I think I have like one
    0:37:45 long form video and five shorts or something like that.
    0:37:46 So it’s really in its infancy.
    0:37:49 Okay. Yeah. Well, there’s certainly precedence for that.
    0:37:53 I mean, look what Pat Flynn has done with the, with the Pokemon channel.
    0:37:58 It’s like absolutely blown up. So something in that electable space.
    0:37:59 Certainly an interesting one.
    0:38:04 I like the idea of getting the kids involved because they watch a lot of YouTube
    0:38:06 and then trying to edit their first video.
    0:38:11 There’s a newfound appreciation for like what it really means to be a content
    0:38:12 creator. And it’s kind of funny.
    0:38:16 We get there like elementary school yearbooks and they ask the fifth graders,
    0:38:17 you know, what do you want to be? What do you grow up?
    0:38:20 They’re like, I want to be a doctor and a YouTuber.
    0:38:24 And I want to be a veterinarian and a part-time YouTuber.
    0:38:26 It’s like really, really common to see that.
    0:38:28 It’s like, well, how many videos have you made, right?
    0:38:30 Like start doing the work now.
    0:38:33 You realize you build up that, you know, first of all,
    0:38:35 that creative habit of coming up with something consistently,
    0:38:40 but also like the skills and appreciation for like what it takes to make
    0:38:41 this stuff happen, make it look good.
    0:38:44 The other thing that I love about that is I’ve done just like you.
    0:38:46 I have a bunch of different side hustles.
    0:38:48 Some of them make money, a lot of them don’t.
    0:38:54 But the more that you look at developing a skill like a video editor or
    0:38:57 storytelling or creating thumbnails, those all compound.
    0:38:59 And so when you start another side hustle,
    0:39:02 it’s easier and you’re more likely to have success.
    0:39:06 And certainly for me, I have a vested interest because the better I get at
    0:39:10 video for any platform, the more effective I am in teaching my online
    0:39:12 students through video.
    0:39:16 And so I’ve learned a lot just through researching YouTube that has made a big
    0:39:18 difference for me as a school teacher.
    0:39:20 So I love that those things can all work together.
    0:39:20 Yeah.
    0:39:24 You can’t take too much YouTube advice for me because you look at my channel
    0:39:28 and it’s not, you know, growing particularly fast, but it is this planting
    0:39:30 these evergreen digital assets type of content.
    0:39:35 One thing that we’ve seen work well on that channel and work well for certain
    0:39:39 guests is focusing on Q and A content rather than trying to, you know,
    0:39:42 play in the entertainment space of the Mr.
    0:39:46 Beasts and the Dude Perfects of the world is, you know, trying to solve
    0:39:51 specific problems and, you know, answer people’s questions and target that,
    0:39:55 you know, search intent where, and we’ve, I’ve got videos where it’s like
    0:39:57 answering very specific search query.
    0:40:01 It might be eight, 10 years old at this point, like still getting views.
    0:40:05 And so that’s something, or if you can build a, build a body of work around
    0:40:07 that in your niche, absolutely.
    0:40:10 You start to get opportunities, companies reaching out, people asking for help.
    0:40:14 We’ve done the entire episodes around, you know, Q and A content around
    0:40:15 a specific software tool.
    0:40:19 I feel like, you know, you just, you showed me how to do it myself, but like,
    0:40:20 I just can’t be bothered.
    0:40:21 Can I hire you?
    0:40:24 Can you be my consultant on this and just do it for me?
    0:40:27 You get people to reach out for services based on that.
    0:40:28 Absolutely.
    0:40:28 All right.
    0:40:28 That’s round two.
    0:40:30 Donate a business idea.
    0:40:34 Start a YouTube channel, become a content creator rather than just a consumer.
    0:40:36 Round three is the triple threat.
    0:40:40 And we’re going to start off with a marketing tactic that’s working right now.
    0:40:42 It could be influencer related or something else.
    0:40:43 Yeah.
    0:40:47 So we talked about this earlier, talking about the influencer program, but one
    0:40:53 thing that I just started a month ago is when I’m creating videos, instead of
    0:40:58 saying review of product, I’m trying to create intrigue in the title.
    0:41:02 And the interesting thing has been, it works.
    0:41:06 Like I really was skeptical that it would make any difference, but my
    0:41:11 videos on YouTube for just normal product reviews, YouTube is starting to promote those.
    0:41:14 And I’m seeing that instead of, you know, in the first 30 days that it’s
    0:41:23 getting six views that over 50% of my newer videos are getting 50 to 300 views for
    0:41:27 those same kinds of products, the same quality of videos, simply just changing
    0:41:30 the title a little bit to add a little bit of intrigue.
    0:41:33 I’m sure that helps with the click through and stuff like that.
    0:41:38 So, so my, my marketing tactic is simply put a little bit more thought
    0:41:41 into how you label things and how you title things.
    0:41:42 Do you have an example?
    0:41:43 This is great.
    0:41:43 Well, let’s see.
    0:41:46 I just uploaded 12 videos today.
    0:41:50 One of them was for a necklace.
    0:41:52 We were comparing two necklaces.
    0:41:54 Uh, so we had, they were just gold chains.
    0:42:00 And rather than say comparison of this necklace and this necklace, say, I think
    0:42:04 I said something like, this is why we decided this necklace is the best.
    0:42:07 So not a huge change, but just changing the language a little bit.
    0:42:08 Okay.
    0:42:10 Leaving some element of curiosity.
    0:42:13 Well, I want to figure out why they said that.
    0:42:17 We’ve seen similar, like the ads I used to run for my shoe business were like,
    0:42:22 don’t buy this shoe until you see, you know, our insider price or, you know,
    0:42:27 watch this first, you know, before you buy, you know, kind of, we see that type
    0:42:32 of video title or, or hook, I guess, an element of intrigue.
    0:42:36 You probably asked chat GPT for some intrigue, uh, generating ideas for, uh,
    0:42:37 for whatever product it is.
    0:42:37 Yep.
    0:42:37 Yeah.
    0:42:38 This is the next one.
    0:42:42 This is a, a favorite new or new to you, uh, tool that you’re loving.
    0:42:43 Yeah.
    0:42:47 So one of the things that I’ve always done as I generate ideas for different
    0:42:52 side hustles is I’ve used my, just audio recorder on my phone to record notes.
    0:42:56 So I’ll get done with a walk or a run and I’ll just transcribe notes into my
    0:42:56 phone.
    0:43:01 I didn’t realize that there was so much AI out there that could transcribe those
    0:43:03 for me that were free.
    0:43:08 And the one that I’ve started using a lot lately is the AI studio.
    0:43:09 Dot Google.com.
    0:43:14 So Google has a free AI thing just like chat GPT, but it’s called AI studio.
    0:43:18 And it’s awesome because you can upload a video.
    0:43:22 You can upload an audio file and they will summarize it for you.
    0:43:24 They will transcribe it for you.
    0:43:27 They will give you other things that are similar to it.
    0:43:30 It’s a really powerful tool and I’m just scratching the surface right now,
    0:43:33 but I love it because I can just transcribe all my notes.
    0:43:37 And now I have text files to go along with the audio files, but then I also
    0:43:42 use that to summarize it, to create descriptions for product reviews and,
    0:43:42 and do other things.
    0:43:44 So it’s been a really powerful tool for me.
    0:43:45 Got it.
    0:43:45 Okay.
    0:43:48 So you can plug those into the YouTube description versus trying to remember
    0:43:50 what you said or write something from scratch.
    0:43:51 Yeah, it’s been awesome.
    0:43:55 But I, I use that for a lot of my other kinds of videos where I’m giving,
    0:43:59 I’m doing a whole episode like this show where we could put the whole video for
    0:44:02 this show in the end, then it will summarize it.
    0:44:05 It’ll be like in this episode, we covered this, this, this and this.
    0:44:07 And it does a really good job with stuff like that.
    0:44:08 All right.
    0:44:10 AI studio.google.com.
    0:44:11 That’s a new one for me.
    0:44:13 And we’re going to wrap this thing up.
    0:44:16 The final part of the triple threat is your favorite book from the last 12 months.
    0:44:17 Yeah.
    0:44:20 I don’t read as much as I used to in, in 2020.
    0:44:26 I read 200 books because we were stuck at home and, and I love to read, um,
    0:44:27 but then I think I burnt myself out.
    0:44:30 And so I’ve been very strategic in the last few years.
    0:44:36 And the one that I found about a year ago was a book that was written in 2017
    0:44:39 called the power of moments by Chip and Dan Heath.
    0:44:44 And I love this because for my own research, for things like chasing junk,
    0:44:48 I’m really interested in nostalgia and how to create moments.
    0:44:52 But as a parent, I’m especially interested in how to make the most
    0:44:56 of my time with my children and our oldest just left home.
    0:44:58 And so we’re kind of still in mourning with that.
    0:45:02 But we have four kids and we want to maximize our time with our children.
    0:45:08 And so this book is great because it talks about how we can elevate different
    0:45:15 things, how we can create moments out of fear or maybe out of creating connection.
    0:45:20 And it gives you a lot of good, um, just suggestions for how to maximize
    0:45:22 the time that you already have.
    0:45:26 I’ve certainly used this as a classroom teacher thinking about how do I improve
    0:45:30 the hook of my classroom so people are engaged right at the beginning of class
    0:45:33 that we have another moment somewhere during the lecture and that it always
    0:45:35 ends in a strong point.
    0:45:40 So what the book does is it brings in all the science behind how to create
    0:45:44 meaningful moments and then uses a lot of different stories to illustrate.
    0:45:47 And that’s been super helpful for me as a parent, as a teacher.
    0:45:51 And it’s even improved my YouTube videos and my product reviews.
    0:45:52 Okay.
    0:45:53 The power of moments.
    0:45:54 That’s a new recommendation on the show.
    0:45:55 Thanks for sharing that.
    0:46:01 I remember reading Made to Stick, maybe it was the Heath Brothers earlier book
    0:46:03 a long time ago, but the power of moments.
    0:46:05 Well, we’ll have to check that one out.
    0:46:07 We’ll link that up in the show notes for sure.
    0:46:10 Now you’re, you mentioned, oh, I read 200 books.
    0:46:15 Is there a place in the influencer program for reviewing those books?
    0:46:19 Like, hey, this is such a, you know, I read Malcolm Gladwell.
    0:46:22 I read this latest title and here’s, here’s what I thought.
    0:46:25 What we have found is book reviews, there is a place for that.
    0:46:29 You can review just like any other product and you put it, the book listings
    0:46:32 are slightly different from other product listings on Amazon, but they
    0:46:36 still have a space for videos and you can still make money.
    0:46:40 But if it’s an old book that you love, you’re not going to make much.
    0:46:42 It has to be a popular book right now.
    0:46:47 So if you did like Atomic Habits, you know, I reviewed that a year or two ago
    0:46:51 and it got enough sales that it paid for the book, but it didn’t make me rich.
    0:46:56 And so I wouldn’t, if you’re going to hone in on one niche with product reviews,
    0:47:00 Amazon and books aren’t the best combination, but you can still make
    0:47:01 a little bit of money here and there.
    0:47:05 I’ve probably done like 30 book reviews and maybe made a few hundred dollars.
    0:47:06 Not, not a lot.
    0:47:09 Okay. Good to know, you know, there’s like anything else, you know,
    0:47:11 it’s a low, lower ticket type of thing.
    0:47:14 And the best sellers probably already have lots of reviews on that.
    0:47:18 The one fun thing about that is like, if I review buy buttons,
    0:47:20 it’s just cool to review your friends books, right?
    0:47:23 And, and so I like to do that anyways.
    0:47:26 When I get a new book that I know the author, I’ve
    0:47:29 thrown up anyways, just because then it helps sell the books.
    0:47:31 So there, there are opportunities for that.
    0:47:34 And I love that we can do that as reviewers.
    0:47:34 That is kind of cool.
    0:47:36 And I guess that’s probably a good point.
    0:47:38 I should probably at least make videos for my own books, be like,
    0:47:42 hey, I’m Nick, I’m the author, you know, if you have any questions,
    0:47:45 reach out or, you know, as a, another little touch point.
    0:47:47 However, that might not work.
    0:47:49 I’ve reviewed a couple of my books and I think they weren’t
    0:47:53 approved just because it was under the same Amazon name or something.
    0:47:56 And so, so you might not be able to do that.
    0:47:56 All right.
    0:47:58 You know, a little too close to home.
    0:48:01 Sometimes, you know, that algorithm may, may bite you.
    0:48:02 No, no, no, no, we’re not going to allow this.
    0:48:03 Well, very good.
    0:48:04 Creator side income.
    0:48:08 You can find Tyler over there on YouTube creator side income.com.
    0:48:09 Check him out over there.
    0:48:13 Really appreciate you stopping by and schooling us on all of the things
    0:48:17 that are new, all of the world of opportunity in creating little product
    0:48:21 reviews as a side hustle, do an earning great income on the side.
    0:48:25 And kind of reinspired me to go and try and make some more videos here.
    0:48:29 See if I can do more than eight this year and improve my passive income
    0:48:30 from the influencer program.
    0:48:32 Again, creator side income.com.
    0:48:34 Big thanks to Tyler for sharing his insight.
    0:48:37 Big thanks to our sponsors for helping make this content free for everyone.
    0:48:42 You can hit upside hustle nation.com/deals for all the latest offers
    0:48:44 from our sponsors in one place.
    0:48:46 Thank you for supporting the advertisers that support the show.
    0:48:48 That is it for me.
    0:48:50 Thank you so much for tuning in.
    0:48:54 If you find in value in the show, the greatest compliment is to spread
    0:48:55 the word to share with a friend.
    0:48:58 So fire off that text message to that friend of yours who buys a lot
    0:48:59 of stuff on Amazon.
    0:49:01 I don’t know, maybe they need to hear this until next time.
    0:49:03 Let’s go out there and make something happen.
    0:49:07 And I’ll catch you in the next edition of the side hustle show hustle on.

    I called the Amazon Influencer Program the easiest money I’d ever made online.

    I made $100 in my first month, over $1200 in my first year, and last year, still made over $700 doing almost nothing. Set it and forget it.

    The basic premise with this branch of Amazon Associates is to create short product review videos, and earn a small commission when your review convinces someone to buy.

    You do need some level of social following and engagement to get accepted, but after that, you really don’t need to drive your own traffic. Amazon posts your review videos on the relevant product pages.

    In this episode, we check in with Tyler Christensen from TylerChristensen.com — a serial side hustler, teacher, and dad of four who’s lately been earning around $5k a month on the side from his product reviews.

    Tune in to Episode 656 the Side Hustle Show interview to hear:

    • how to get accepted into the Amazon Influencer Program
    • Tyler’s best practices for review videos
    • The multiple revenue streams you can have as a product reviewer

    Full Show Notes: $5k/mo Reviewing Products Part-Time: An Amazon Influencer Update

    New to the Show? Get your personalized money-making playlist here!

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  • Essentials: How Hormones Shape Sexual Development

    中文
    Tiếng Việt
    AI transcript
    0:00:05 Welcome to Huberman Lab Essentials, where we revisit past episodes for the most potent
    0:00:11 and actionable science-based tools for mental health, physical health, and performance.
    0:00:16 I’m Andrew Huberman, and I’m a professor of neurobiology and ophthalmology at Stanford
    0:00:18 School of Medicine.
    0:00:21 This podcast is separate from my teaching and research roles at Stanford.
    0:00:27 Today, we’re going to explore hormones, what they are, how they work, what leads to masculinization
    0:00:30 or feminization of the brain and body.
    0:00:37 What we’re trying to do today is really get to the biology, the physiology, the endocrinology,
    0:00:39 and the behavior.
    0:00:44 Hormones, by definition, are a substance, a chemical that’s released in one area of
    0:00:48 the body, typically from something we call a gland, although they can also be released
    0:00:55 from neurons, but they’re released often from glands that travel and have effects both
    0:01:00 on that gland, but also on other organs and tissues in the body.
    0:01:04 That differentiates hormones from things like neurotransmitters, which tend to act more
    0:01:06 locally.
    0:01:12 Examples of tissues that produce hormones would be the thyroid, the testes, the ovaries,
    0:01:13 et cetera.
    0:01:19 Then, of course, there are areas of the brain like the hypothalamus and the pituitary, which
    0:01:23 are closely related to one another and release hormones that cause the release of yet other
    0:01:25 hormones out in the body.
    0:01:28 Let’s start with development.
    0:01:29 Sperm meets egg.
    0:01:34 Everything that happens before that is a topic of the next episode, but sperm meets egg.
    0:01:37 This is mammalian reproduction, and that egg starts to duplicate.
    0:01:39 It starts to make more of itself.
    0:01:43 It makes more cells, and eventually some of those cells become skin, some of those cells
    0:01:47 become brain, some of those cells become muscle, some of those cells become fingers, all the
    0:01:52 stuff that makes up the brain and body plan.
    0:01:58 In addition, there are hormones that come both from the mother and from the developing
    0:02:05 baby, the developing fetus, that impact whether or not the brain will be what they call organized
    0:02:07 masculine or organized feminine.
    0:02:13 As I say this, I want you to try and discard with the cultural connotations or your psychological
    0:02:21 connotations of what masculinization and feminization are because we’re only centering on the biology.
    0:02:29 Typically, people have either two X chromosomes, and the traditional language around that is
    0:02:35 that person is female, right, or an X chromosome and a Y chromosome, and that person will become
    0:02:36 male.
    0:02:38 Now, it’s not always the case.
    0:02:43 There are cases where it’s X, XY, where there are two X chromosomes plus a Y chromosome.
    0:02:48 There are also cases where it’s XYY, where there are two Y chromosomes, and these have
    0:02:52 important biological and psychological impacts.
    0:02:57 So, the first thing we need to establish is that there is something called chromosomal
    0:02:58 sex.
    0:03:02 Whether or not there are two X chromosomes or an X and Y chromosome is what we call
    0:03:04 chromosomal sex.
    0:03:11 But the next stage of separating out the sexes is what we call gonadal sex.
    0:03:18 Typically, not always, but typically, if somebody has testes for their gonads, we think of them
    0:03:20 as male.
    0:03:25 And if somebody has ovaries, we think of them as female, although that’s not always the
    0:03:26 case either.
    0:03:31 But let’s just explore the transition from chromosomal sex to gonadal sex, because it’s
    0:03:36 a fascinating one that we all went through in some form or another.
    0:03:44 So, this XY that we typically think of as promoting masculinization of the fetus.
    0:03:50 We say that because on the Y chromosome, there are genes, and those genes have particular
    0:03:55 functions that suppress female reproductive organs.
    0:04:02 So, on the Y chromosome, there’s a gene which encodes for something called Mulerian inhibiting
    0:04:03 hormone.
    0:04:09 So, there’s actually a hormone that’s programmed by the Y chromosome that inhibits the formation
    0:04:15 of Mulerian ducts, which are an important part of the female reproductive apparatus.
    0:04:20 That’s critical because already, we’re seeing the transition between chromosome, Y chromosome,
    0:04:22 and gonad.
    0:04:27 And other genes on the Y chromosome promote the formation of testes.
    0:04:32 So, there are genes like the SRY gene and other genes that promote the formation of testes,
    0:04:35 while they also inhibit the formation of the Mulerian ducts.
    0:04:42 So, the transition from chromosomal sex to gonadal sex is a very important distinction.
    0:04:46 It’s kind of a fork in the road that happens very early in development while fetuses are
    0:04:48 still in the embryo.
    0:04:54 So, we have to distinguish between chromosomal sex, gonadal sex, and then there’s what we
    0:05:00 call hormonal sex, which is the effects of the steroid hormones, estrogen and testosterone
    0:05:06 in their derivatives, on what we call morphological sex or the shape of the baby in the human
    0:05:09 and the genitalia and the jaw and all these other things.
    0:05:12 And so, it actually is quite complicated.
    0:05:17 So, you know, it’s a long distance from chromosomes to gender identity, and gender identity has
    0:05:19 a lot of social influences and roles.
    0:05:24 This is an area that right now is very dynamic and in the discussion out there, as you know.
    0:05:30 But just getting from chromosomal sex to what we would call gonadal sex and hormonal sex
    0:05:32 and morphological sex involves a number of steps.
    0:05:36 So, today we’re going to talk about those steps and there’s some fascinating things
    0:05:44 that do indeed relate to tools, do indeed relate to some important behavioral choices.
    0:05:47 Important choices about things to avoid while pregnant.
    0:05:51 And for those of you that are not pregnant, things to avoid if you’re thinking about eventually
    0:05:52 having children.
    0:05:57 And that is not to drive development in one direction or another, but there are examples
    0:06:01 where there are some deleterious things in our environment that can actually negatively
    0:06:06 impact what we call sexual development overall regardless of chromosomal background.
    0:06:08 So let’s get started with that.
    0:06:12 I’d like to take a quick break and acknowledge one of our sponsors, Function.
    0:06:16 Last year I became a Function member after searching for the most comprehensive approach
    0:06:17 to lab testing.
    0:06:22 Function provides over 100 advanced lab tests that give you a key snapshot of your entire
    0:06:24 bodily health.
    0:06:27 This snapshot offers you with insights on your heart health, hormone health, immune
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    0:06:38 and tests for PFASs or forever chemicals.
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    0:07:02 mercury levels, which included limiting my tuna consumption – I’ve been eating a lot
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    0:07:11 NAC and acetylcysteine, both of which can support glutathione production and detoxification.
    0:07:15 And I should say, by taking a second Function test, that approach worked.
    0:07:17 Comprehensive blood testing is vitally important.
    0:07:22 There’s so many things related to your mental and physical health that can only be detected
    0:07:23 in a blood test.
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    0:07:36 As a consequence, I decided to join their scientific advisory board, and I’m thrilled
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    0:07:50 access to Huberman podcast listeners.
    0:07:55 Again, that’s functionhealth.com/huberman to get early access to Function.
    0:07:59 Let’s talk a little bit more about what hormones do.
    0:08:01 Hormones generally have two categories of effects.
    0:08:04 They can either be very fast or they can be very slow.
    0:08:08 There are hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which act very fast.
    0:08:12 And then there are hormones like what we like testosterone and estrogen, which we refer
    0:08:15 to as the sex steroid hormones.
    0:08:19 These molecules, for those of you that are interested, are what it’s called lipophilic,
    0:08:21 which just means that they like fatty stuff.
    0:08:23 They can actually pass through fatty membranes.
    0:08:27 And because the outside of cells, as well as what’s called the nuclear envelope, where
    0:08:34 all the DNA contents and stuff are stuffed inside, are made of lipid, of fat, these steroid
    0:08:39 hormones can actually travel into cells and then interact with the DNA of cells in order
    0:08:40 to control gene expression.
    0:08:45 So they can change the sorts of things that cells will become, and they can change the
    0:08:47 way that cells function in a long-term way.
    0:08:53 And that’s actually how the presence of these genes like SRY and Mulerian inhibiting hormone
    0:08:59 lead to reductions or elimination, I should say, of things like the Mulerian ducts and
    0:09:05 promote instead what’s called in males, the Wolfian ducts, or promote the development
    0:09:06 of testes rather than ovaries.
    0:09:10 So all you need to know is that hormones have short-term and long-term effects, and the
    0:09:15 long-term effects are actually related to their effects on genes and how those genes
    0:09:22 are expressed or repressed, to prevent them from having particular proteins made.
    0:09:27 So these hormones, these steroid hormones, are exceedingly powerful.
    0:09:32 And if we’re going to have a discussion about masculinization or feminization, et cetera,
    0:09:33 you also need to think about the counterpart.
    0:09:37 It’s not just about masculinizing the body or feminizing the body and brain.
    0:09:45 It’s also about demasculinizing the brain in many cases as a normal biological function,
    0:09:50 typically of XX females, and de-feminization, the suppression of certain pathways that are
    0:09:53 related to feminization of the body and brain.
    0:09:56 So I’ve just thrown a lot of biology at you.
    0:10:01 But this is where it all starts to get incredibly surprising.
    0:10:05 You would think that it’s straightforward, right?
    0:10:07 You have a Y chromosome.
    0:10:13 You suppress the female reproductive pathway like the malaria index.
    0:10:18 You promote the development of testes, and then testes make testosterone.
    0:10:22 And then it organizes the brain male, and it wants to do male-like things.
    0:10:27 And then in females, you get estrogen, and it wants to do female-like things, and air
    0:10:29 quotes here for all of this.
    0:10:33 And it turns out that isn’t how it works at all.
    0:10:34 Here’s where it’s interesting.
    0:10:40 You have to understand that there are effects of these hormones, testosterone and estrogen,
    0:10:46 on what are called primary sexual characteristics, which are the ones that you’re born with,
    0:10:50 secondary sexual characteristics, which are the ones that show up in puberty, and these
    0:10:54 are happening in the brain, and body, and spinal cord.
    0:10:57 And so I’m going to disentangle all this for you by giving you some examples.
    0:11:01 First let’s talk about the development of primary sexual characteristics, the ones that
    0:11:04 show up at birth.
    0:11:12 And one of the more dramatic examples of this comes from the role of testosterone in creating
    0:11:14 the external genitalia.
    0:11:20 It turns out that it’s not testosterone that’s responsible for the development of the penis
    0:11:25 in a baby that has an X chromosome and a Y chromosome.
    0:11:28 It’s a different androgen.
    0:11:33 Testosterone is just a category of hormones that includes testosterone, but testosterone
    0:11:40 is converted in the fetus to something called dihydrotestosterone.
    0:11:44 And that’s accomplished through an enzyme called 5-alpha reductase.
    0:11:48 Dihydrotestosterone is what we would call the dominant androgen in males.
    0:11:50 It’s responsible for aggression.
    0:11:54 It’s responsible for a lot of muscular strength.
    0:11:57 It’s involved in beard growth and male pattern baldness.
    0:11:59 You’re going to talk about all of that.
    0:12:05 But dihydrotestosterone has powerful effects in determining the genitalia while the baby
    0:12:06 is still in the embryo.
    0:12:13 So there’s testosterone that’s made and that testosterone gets converted by this enzyme
    0:12:18 5-alpha reductase in a little structure called the tubercle.
    0:12:21 That tubercle will eventually become the penis.
    0:12:23 So you say, “Okay, straightforward.
    0:12:28 This testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone and then if there’s dihydrotestosterone,
    0:12:30 it controls penis growth.”
    0:12:31 And indeed, that’s the case.
    0:12:34 So that’s a primary sexual characteristic.
    0:12:41 That baby will then grow up and later during puberty, there will be the release of a molecule.
    0:12:47 I talked about this last episode called Kispeptin, K-I-S-S-P-E-P-T-I-N, Kispeptin, which will
    0:12:49 cause the release of some other hormones.
    0:12:53 Releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone will stimulate the testes to make testosterone.
    0:12:58 So in puberty, testosterone leads to further growth and development of the penis as well
    0:13:05 as the accumulation of or growth of pubic hair, deepening in the voice, all the secondary
    0:13:07 sexual characteristics.
    0:13:11 There’s a very interesting phenomenon that was published in the journal Science in the
    0:13:16 1970s, for which now there’s a wealth of scientific data.
    0:13:22 And this relates to a genetic mutation where 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme that converts
    0:13:26 testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, doesn’t exist.
    0:13:31 It’s mutated and this actually was first identified in the Dominican Republic.
    0:13:37 What happens is, baby is born, if you were to look at that baby, it would look female.
    0:13:42 There would be very little or no external penis.
    0:13:49 And what was observed is that from time to time, that baby, after being raised as a girl,
    0:13:56 would around the age of 11 or 12 or 13, would start to sprout a penis.
    0:13:57 There’s actually a name for this.
    0:14:03 It’s called Juevedosis, which the translation is more or less penis at 12.
    0:14:09 And as strange as this might sound, it makes sense if you understand the underlying mutation.
    0:14:17 What happens in these children, these Juevedosis, is that the child is born, it has testes which
    0:14:24 are not descended, so up in the body, they weren’t able to convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
    0:14:27 because they lack this enzyme, 5-alpha reductase.
    0:14:36 As a consequence, the primary sexual characteristic of external male genitalia, penis, doesn’t develop.
    0:14:42 And then what happens is, the baby grows up, and then testosterone starts getting secreted
    0:14:46 from the testes because chispeptin in the brain signals through gonadotropin and luteinizing
    0:14:48 hormone, travels down to the testes.
    0:14:53 The testes start churning out testosterone, and there’s a secondary growth of the penis,
    0:14:54 and all of a sudden, there’s a penis.
    0:15:02 And the point here is that dihydrotestosterone, not testosterone, is responsible for this primary
    0:15:08 growth of the penis, and that testosterone later is involved in the secondary sexual
    0:15:11 characteristics, deepening in the voice, et cetera.
    0:15:16 Now this is where the information gets even more interesting, and applies to essentially
    0:15:18 everybody.
    0:15:25 You might think that testosterone, because it masculinizes the body in the secondary
    0:15:34 sexual characteristic way, and because dihydrotestosterone, another androgen, masculinizes the primary
    0:15:39 sexual characteristics, the growth of the penis early on, that testosterone must masculinize
    0:15:41 the brain.
    0:15:46 But the masculinization of the brain is not accomplished by testosterone.
    0:15:51 It is accomplished by estrogen.
    0:15:56 Testosterone can be converted into estrogen by an enzyme called aromatase.
    0:16:01 There are neurons in the brain that make aromatase and convert testosterone into estrogen.
    0:16:09 In other words, it’s estrogen that masculinizes the XY individual that masculinizes the brain.
    0:16:15 And this has profound effects on all sorts of things, on behavior, on outlook in the
    0:16:17 world, et cetera.
    0:16:21 But I think most people don’t realize that it’s estrogen that comes from testosterone
    0:16:28 that masculinizes the male brain, the XY brain, not testosterone, nor dihydrotestosterone.
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    0:18:00 Today’s episode is also brought to us by BetterHelp.
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    0:19:17 So I just want to mention some tools.
    0:19:21 You might be asking yourself, how could tools possibly come up at this stage of the conversation
    0:19:26 where we’re talking about sexual development and we’re talking about the differentiation
    0:19:27 of tissues in the body?
    0:19:31 Well, this is true both for children and parents and adults.
    0:19:38 I want to emphasize that there are things that are environmental and there are things
    0:19:45 that people use that actually can impact hormone levels and can impact sexual development
    0:19:46 in fairly profound ways.
    0:19:52 And I want to be very clear, this is not me pulling from some rare journal I’ve never
    0:19:53 heard of it.
    0:19:57 This is pulling from textbooks in particular, today I’m guiding a lot of the conversation
    0:20:06 on work that on behavioral endocrinology was a book by Randy Nelson and Lance Crickfield,
    0:20:07 true experts in the field.
    0:20:13 I’m going to talk about some of the work from Tyrone Hayes from UC Berkeley about environmental
    0:20:17 toxins and their impacts on some of these things like testosterone and estrogen.
    0:20:18 I’m going to touch into them.
    0:20:22 I’m going to give some anecdotal evidence that’s grounded in studies, which we will
    0:20:25 provide in the caption or that I’ll reference here.
    0:20:29 You know, again, I’m just going to highlight when one starts talking about environmental
    0:20:34 factors and how they’re poisoning us or disrupting growth or fertility rates, it can start to
    0:20:39 sound a little bit crazy except when you start to actually look at some of the real data.
    0:20:45 Data from quality research labs funded by federal government, funded not from companies
    0:20:49 or other sources that are really aimed at understanding what the underlying biology is.
    0:20:55 And for that, I really, we should all be grateful to Tyrone Hayes at UC Berkeley.
    0:21:02 I remember way back when I was a graduate student in the late 90s, goodness, at UC Berkeley,
    0:21:07 and I remember him, he was studying frogs, he was talking about developmental defects
    0:21:13 in these frogs that live in different waters around, it was California, but also elsewhere.
    0:21:18 And he identified a substance which is present in a lot of waterways throughout this country
    0:21:23 and other countries, so US and beyond, certainly not just restricted to California, which is
    0:21:29 atrazine, this is A-T-R-A-Z-I-N-E, again, this is the stuff of textbooks.
    0:21:32 And it causes severe testicular malformations.
    0:21:36 So again, atrazine exposure is serious.
    0:21:42 And what’s interesting is if you look at the data, what you find is that at sites in western
    0:21:48 and midwestern sections of the United States, 10 to 92% of male frogs, these were frogs,
    0:21:51 mind you, had testicular abnormalities.
    0:21:57 And the most severe testicular malformations were in the testes rather than in the sperm.
    0:22:00 So it’s actually the organ itself, the gonad itself.
    0:22:07 Now, it’s very well known now that atrazine is in many herbicides.
    0:22:12 And so whereas, I would say, in the ’80s and ’90s, the discussion around herbicides and
    0:22:16 their negative effects was considered kind of like hippie-dippy stuff or the stuff you
    0:22:22 hear about it, your local community markets and these kind of new-agey communities.
    0:22:28 Now, there’s very solid data from federally funded labs at major universities that have
    0:22:33 been peer reviewed and published in excellent journals showing that, indeed, many of these
    0:22:40 herbicides can have negative effects primarily by impacting the ratios of these hormones
    0:22:49 in either the mothers or in the testes, altering the testes of the fathers or direct effects
    0:22:52 on developing young animals and potentially humans.
    0:22:54 And so you ask, well, what about humans?
    0:22:57 Frogs are wonderful, but what about humans?
    0:23:03 So here are the data on what’s happening, and this isn’t all going to be scary stuff.
    0:23:08 We’re also going to talk about tools to ameliorate and offset some of these effects, depending
    0:23:09 on your needs.
    0:23:14 But across human populations, sperm counts are indeed declining, okay?
    0:23:22 So in 1940, the average, the average density of human sperm was 113 million per milliliter
    0:23:23 of semen.
    0:23:24 That’s how it’s measured.
    0:23:26 How many sperm per milliliter of semen?
    0:23:33 In 1990, this figure has dropped to 66, so went from 113 million per milliliter to 66
    0:23:36 million per milliliter in the United States and Western Europe.
    0:23:38 So it’s not just a U.S. thing.
    0:23:43 Researchers also estimated that the volume of semen produced by men has dropped 20% in
    0:23:47 that time, reduced sperm count per ejaculation even further.
    0:23:55 So between 1981 and 1991, the ratio of normal spermatogenesis has decreased from 56.4% to
    0:23:58 66.9%.
    0:24:04 So there’s a lot that’s happening primarily because of these herbicides that are in widespread
    0:24:06 use to reduce sperm counts.
    0:24:12 And these are going to have profound effects, not just on sperm counts, but on sexual development
    0:24:18 at the level of the gonads and the brain, because you need testosterone to get dihydrotestosterone
    0:24:20 for primary sexual characteristics.
    0:24:25 You need estrogen that’s come from testosterone to masculinize the brain, and of course, we’re
    0:24:28 not just focusing on sperm and testosterone.
    0:24:35 You of course also know that many of these herbicides are disrupting estrogens in a similar
    0:24:42 way, which might explain why puberty is happening so much earlier in young girls these days.
    0:24:44 So there are a lot of things that are happening.
    0:24:50 Now does this mean that you have to run around and neurotically avoid anything that includes
    0:24:55 things like atrazine and should you be avoiding all kinds of herbicides?
    0:25:00 I don’t know that’s up to you, but it does seem that these have pretty market effects
    0:25:03 in both the animal studies and in the in the human studies.
    0:25:07 So let’s talk about female sexual development.
    0:25:11 And as always, what we’ll do is we’ll talk about the normal biology, then we’ll talk
    0:25:16 a little bit about a kind of extraordinary or unusual set of cases.
    0:25:23 But we’ll talk about them because they illustrate an important principle about how things work
    0:25:25 under typical circumstances.
    0:25:33 So there is a mutation called androgen insensitivity syndrome.
    0:25:38 And understanding how androgen insensitivity syndrome works can help you really understand
    0:25:41 how hormones impact sexual development.
    0:25:43 So here’s how it works.
    0:25:49 There are individuals who are XY, so they have a Y chromosome, that are born that make
    0:25:52 testosterone.
    0:25:58 They have testes and they don’t have malaria index because they because on the Y chromosome
    0:26:00 is this malaria inhibiting hormone.
    0:26:04 However, these individuals look completely female.
    0:26:11 And in general, they report feeling like girls when they’re young, women when they’re older.
    0:26:17 But there’s something unusual that’s happening in these individuals because they have an XY
    0:26:20 chromosomal type and not XX.
    0:26:21 So what’s happening?
    0:26:28 Well, what’s happening is the testes are making testosterone, but the receptor for testosterone
    0:26:29 is mutated.
    0:26:32 And therefore, the testes never descend.
    0:26:37 They don’t have ovaries, they have testes, but the testes are internal.
    0:26:42 And so typically these individuals find out that they are actually XY chromosomes so that,
    0:26:46 you know, their chromosomal sex is male, if you will.
    0:26:49 And their gonadal sex is male.
    0:26:54 But the gonads, the testes are inside the body, they don’t actually develop a scrotum,
    0:26:55 they don’t make ovaries.
    0:27:00 And when they don’t menstruate around the time of puberty, that’s a sign that something
    0:27:01 is different.
    0:27:02 And so they never menstruate around puberty.
    0:27:08 And if they look into this deeply enough, what you find is that they are actually XY.
    0:27:11 They make testosterone, but their body can’t make use of the testosterone because they
    0:27:13 don’t have the receptors.
    0:27:20 And the receptors are vitally important for most all of the secondary sexual characteristics
    0:27:24 that we talked about, body hair, penis growth during puberty, etc.
    0:27:28 So again, we’re talking about this in order to illustrate the principle that in order to
    0:27:34 have its effects, a hormone doesn’t just have to be present, that hormone actually has to
    0:27:38 be able to bind its receptor and take action on the target cells.
    0:27:45 That’s the simplest way to understand how estrogen and testosterone impact, masculinization
    0:27:50 or feminization of the brain and behavior is from a statement, it’s actually the closing
    0:27:55 sentence of an abstract that my colleague, Narao Shah at Stanford School of Medicine
    0:28:03 published, which is that estrogen, again, it’s estrogen that is aromatized from testosterone
    0:28:11 by aromatase sets up the masculine repertoire of sexual and in animals and in humans territorial
    0:28:12 behaviors.
    0:28:16 So it sets up the circuitry in the brain, estrogen does that.
    0:28:23 Estrogen sets up the masculine circuitry in the brain and testosterone is then what controls
    0:28:27 the display of those behaviors later in life.
    0:28:29 And I find that incredibly interesting.
    0:28:33 You would think it was just testosterone did one thing and estrogen did another, but it
    0:28:36 turns out that nature is far more interesting than that.
    0:28:40 I’d like to take a quick break and acknowledge our sponsor, AG1.
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    0:29:41 Okay.
    0:29:48 So what are some things that impact sexual development early in life and later in life?
    0:29:51 Let’s talk about cannabis.
    0:29:53 Let’s talk about alcohol.
    0:29:57 First of all, cannabis, marijuana, THC.
    0:30:06 There are many studies that point to the fact that THC and other things in cannabis promote
    0:30:11 significant increases in aromatase activity.
    0:30:15 Pot smokers aren’t going to like this, especially male pot smokers aren’t going to like this,
    0:30:16 but it’s the reality.
    0:30:17 Here’s the deal.
    0:30:23 That cannabis and it’s not clear if it’s THC itself or other elements in the marijuana
    0:30:27 plant promote aromatase activity.
    0:30:34 Now this has been observed anecdotally where pot smokers have a higher incidence of developing
    0:30:39 something I mentioned before, gynecomastia, breast bud development or full blown breast
    0:30:40 development in males.
    0:30:45 Now earlier I said that estrogen is what masculinizes the male brain in utero.
    0:30:49 That’s true, but the way that cannabis seems to work, at least from the studies I was able
    0:30:57 to identify, is that it promotes circulating estrogen in the body and therefore can counteract
    0:31:03 some of the masculinizing effects of things like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on
    0:31:06 primary and secondary sexual characteristics.
    0:31:12 So I mentioned this because I think nowadays marijuana use is far more widespread and
    0:31:18 certainly during puberty, it can have profound effects on these hormonal systems.
    0:31:22 And so we’ll do another episode that goes really deep into this, but yes, cannabis promotes
    0:31:26 estrogenic activity by increasing aromatase.
    0:31:31 Most everyone can appreciate that drinking during pregnancy is not good for the developing
    0:31:32 fetus.
    0:31:38 Fetal alcohol syndrome is a well-established negative outcome of pregnancy and it’s something
    0:31:42 that there are cognitive effects that are really bad.
    0:31:45 There’s actually physical malformation, et cetera.
    0:31:48 So drinking during pregnancy, not good.
    0:31:53 Probably drinking during puberty, not good either because alcohol, in particular, certain
    0:32:00 things like beer, but other grain alcohols can increase estrogenic activity.
    0:32:08 Now this isn’t just about protecting young boys from estrogenic activity.
    0:32:17 It’s also protecting girls from excessive or even hypoestrogenic effects of alcohol
    0:32:18 in puberty.
    0:32:23 Now many teenagers drink, college students drink, and it’s important to point out that
    0:32:27 puberty doesn’t start on one day and end on another day.
    0:32:32 Puberty has a beginning, a middle and an end, but development is really our entire lifespan.
    0:32:34 Okay, so we talked about cannabis.
    0:32:36 We talked about alcohol.
    0:32:38 Let’s talk about cell phones.
    0:32:40 First of all, I use a cell phone.
    0:32:45 I use it very often and I do not think they are evil devices.
    0:32:51 I think that they require some discipline in order to make sure that it does not become
    0:32:53 a negative force in one’s life.
    0:32:56 So I personally restrict the number of hours that I’m on the phone and in particular on
    0:33:01 social media, but what about the cell phone itself?
    0:33:08 When I was a junior professor, I was a pre-tenure, early professor, I taught this class on neural
    0:33:14 circuits and health and disease and one of the students asked me, “Are cell phones safe
    0:33:16 for the brain?”
    0:33:21 All the data point to the fact that they were, or at least there were no data showing that
    0:33:22 it wasn’t.
    0:33:24 I still don’t have the answer on that, frankly.
    0:33:29 I’m not personally aware of any evidence in quality peer-reviewed studies showing that
    0:33:33 cell phones are bad for the brain or that holding the phone to the ear is bad or that
    0:33:34 Bluetooth is bad or any of that.
    0:33:37 I’m just not aware of any quality studies.
    0:33:47 However, I was very interested in a particular study that was published back in 2013 on rats.
    0:33:52 It was basically took a cell phone and put it under a cage of rats and looked at basically
    0:33:59 testicular novarian development in rats and saw minor but still statistically significant
    0:34:03 defects in ovarian and testicular development.
    0:34:12 Since then, and now returning to the literature, I’ve seen an absolute explosion of studies,
    0:34:16 some of which are in quality journals, some of which are in what I would call not a blue
    0:34:25 ribbon journals, identifying defects in testicular and/or ovarian development by mere exposure
    0:34:29 to cell phone emitted waves.
    0:34:30 Let’s just call that.
    0:34:33 We don’t know what they are and this sounds almost crazy, right?
    0:34:36 Anytime somebody starts talking about EMFs and things like that, you kind of worry like,
    0:34:38 is this person okay?
    0:34:45 But look, the literature pointing in a direction where chronic exposure of the of the gonads
    0:34:51 to cell phones could be creating serious issues in terms of the health at the cellular level
    0:34:53 and in terms of the output.
    0:34:58 So the output for the testes would be sperm production, swimming speed and sperm is an
    0:35:00 important feature of sperm health.
    0:35:07 In the ovaries, it would be estrogenic output, how regular the cycles are.
    0:35:13 I think that it’s fair to say, based on the literature, that there are effects of cell
    0:35:16 phone emitted waves on gonadal development.
    0:35:20 The question is, what is the proximity of the cell phone to the gonads?
    0:35:23 So you have to take these sorts of studies with a grain of salt.
    0:35:27 There’s some interesting effects of hormones that actually you can observe on the outside
    0:35:34 of people that tell you something about not just their level of hormones, but also about
    0:35:35 their underlying genetics.
    0:35:39 And these relate to beard growth and baldness and it’s fascinating.
    0:35:47 The molecule, the hormone, dihydrotestosterone made from testosterone, is the hormone primarily
    0:35:51 responsible for facial hair, for beard growth.
    0:35:58 As well, it’s the molecule, the hormone primarily responsible for lack of hair on the head,
    0:36:00 for hair loss.
    0:36:08 Not incidentally, the drugs that are designed to prevent hair loss are five alpha reductase
    0:36:10 inhibitors.
    0:36:13 So remember five alpha reductase from the hovedosis?
    0:36:18 Well, the people that discovered the hovedosis went on to do a lot of research on the underlying
    0:36:23 biochemistry of this really interesting molecule, dihydrotestosterone, the identified five alpha
    0:36:31 reductase and five alpha reductase inhibitors are the basis of most of the anti hair loss
    0:36:33 treatments that are out there.
    0:36:35 And so there’s some interesting things here.
    0:36:42 First of all, the side effect profiles of those treatments for hair loss are quite severe
    0:36:43 in many individuals.
    0:36:50 Remember DHT is the primary androgen for libido, for strength and connective tissue repair,
    0:36:56 for aggression, even if that aggression, of course, is held in check, but just sort of
    0:36:58 ambition and aggression is related to dopamine.
    0:37:04 But within the testosterone pathway, less so pure testosterone, although pure testosterone
    0:37:10 has its effects, but DHT is at least in primate species, including humans, is the dominant
    0:37:13 androgen for most of those sorts of effects.
    0:37:19 And if you look at somebody, everyone can predict whether or not they’re going to go
    0:37:23 bald based on looking at their, we’re always taught our mother’s father.
    0:37:27 So if your mother’s father was bald, there’s a higher probability that you’re going to
    0:37:29 go bald.
    0:37:33 The pattern of DHT receptors on the scalp will dictate whether or not you’re going to go
    0:37:38 bald everywhere or just in the front or so crown type baldness.
    0:37:42 And the density of the beard tells you about the density of DHT receptors.
    0:37:46 Now this varies by background, by genetic background.
    0:37:52 There are areas of the world where all the men seem to have the same pattern of baldness
    0:37:56 like a strip of baldness down the center with hair still on the sides and in full beards.
    0:38:01 That’s because these patterns of DHT receptors are genetically determined.
    0:38:07 Elsewhere, testosterone levels can still be very high, DHT levels in the blood can be
    0:38:11 very high and yet people will have very light beards or no beards and that’s because they
    0:38:14 don’t have a lot of DHT receptors in the face.
    0:38:20 There are a lot of effects of DHT that you can just see in male phenotypes.
    0:38:26 And it’s interesting that these hair loss drugs that are or to prevent hair loss drugs
    0:38:33 are directly aimed at preventing the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone.
    0:38:39 And that’s why they to some extent prevent hair loss but also to some extent have a bunch
    0:38:41 of side effects that are associated with low DHT.
    0:38:49 I want to tell you a story about hyenas and clitoris is the size of penises.
    0:38:57 So when I was a graduate student at UC Berkeley, we had a professor in our department, phenomenal
    0:39:00 scientist named Steve Glickman.
    0:39:08 Steve Glickman had a colony of hyenas, spotted hyenas that lived with in caged enclosures
    0:39:12 of course in Tilden Park behind the UC Berkeley campus.
    0:39:14 The hyenas are no longer there.
    0:39:22 Hyenas exhibit an incredible feature to their body, their hormones and their social structure.
    0:39:29 Hyenas, unlike many species, have a situation with their genitalia where the male penis is
    0:39:34 actually smaller than the female clitoris.
    0:39:40 And I should say that the male penis itself, having seen a fair number of hyena penises,
    0:39:47 is not particularly small, which means that the hyena clitorises are extremely large.
    0:39:49 This was well known for some time.
    0:39:56 It turns out that in the spotted hyenas, the females are dominant.
    0:40:02 So after a kill, the females will eat, then their young will eat, and then the male hyenas
    0:40:04 will eat.
    0:40:12 As well, when the female hyena gives birth, she gives birth not through the vaginal canal
    0:40:22 that we’re accustomed to seeing, but through a very enlarged clitoris like phallus, although
    0:40:27 it’s not a phallus, it’s a clitoris, and it literally splits open.
    0:40:32 So the many fetuses died during the course of hyena development and birth.
    0:40:39 The baby hyena actually comes through the tissue and it’s a very traumatic birth.
    0:40:45 It was a mystery as to how the female hyenas have this, we’ll call it masculinization,
    0:40:52 but it’s really a androgenization of the periphery of the genitalia.
    0:40:56 And it turns out, through a lot of careful research done by Steve Glickman, Christine
    0:41:07 Dre, and others, that it’s interesting dione, what is essentially a prohormone to testosterone.
    0:41:14 It’s interesting dione at very high levels that’s produced in female hyenas that creates
    0:41:16 this enlargement of their genitalia.
    0:41:21 So if you want to read up on enderstein dione, enderstein dione is made into testosterone
    0:41:29 through this enzyme 17 beta hydro hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase.
    0:41:35 It’s a complicated pathway to pronounce, it’s a fairly straightforward pathway biochemically.
    0:41:42 You may recall during the 90s and 2000s, there were a lot of performance enhancing drug scandals
    0:41:48 in particular in Major League Baseball, and it was purported, although I don’t know that
    0:41:53 it was ever verified, but it was purported that the major performance enhancing drug
    0:41:58 of abuse at that time, in particular players whose names we won’t mention, but you can
    0:42:01 Google it if you want to find out, was enderstein dione.
    0:42:06 And the last little anecdote about this, which is also published in the scientific literature,
    0:42:10 which is weird, but I do find interesting, hormones are so fascinating, they’re just
    0:42:17 incredible to me, is going back to the marijuana plant, you know, the marijuana plant has these
    0:42:20 estrogenic properties.
    0:42:26 And I asked a plant biologist whether or not this was unusual, but this plant biologist
    0:42:33 told me, oh yeah, there are plants that make what is essentially the equivalent of testosterone,
    0:42:38 like pine pollen, it looks a lot like testosterone, and there are other plants that make what is
    0:42:41 essentially estrogen, and I said, well, why would they do that?
    0:42:49 He said that one of the reasons why some plants have evolved this capacity to increase estrogen
    0:42:55 levels in animals that smoke, not smoke it, but then animals that consume them, I’m guessing
    0:42:58 that animals aren’t smoking marijuana, although, I don’t know, send me the paper if you’ve
    0:43:05 heard of this, is that plants have figured out ways, they’ve adapted ways to push back
    0:43:09 on populations of rodents and other species of animals that eat them.
    0:43:15 So plants are engaged in a kind of plant to animal warfare, where they increase the estrogen
    0:43:20 of the males in that population to lower the sperm counts to keep those populations clamped
    0:43:24 at certain levels, so that those plants can continue to flourish.
    0:43:32 And I find this just fascinating, and hormones, therefore, aren’t just impacting tissue growth
    0:43:36 and development within the individual, and between the mother, remember the placentas
    0:43:41 and endocrine organ and the offspring, but plants and animals are in this communication.
    0:43:46 So it’s a fascinating area of biology, and as you’ve noticed today, none of this deals
    0:43:51 with the current controversies around gender and how many genders and sex, etc.
    0:43:56 That’s a separate conversation that is, by definition, grounded in the kind of concepts
    0:44:01 we’ve been talking about today, and needs to take place taking into consideration all
    0:44:07 of the aspects of sex and the effects of hormones both on the body, on the brain.
    0:44:11 We didn’t talk a lot about spinal cord, but we will in the next episode, but we can just
    0:44:16 say on the brain and the periphery, early effects, late effects, acute effects, meaning
    0:44:21 effects that are very fast of levels of hormones going up or down, something that absolutely
    0:44:27 happens during and across the menstrual cycle, as well as long-term effects like the effects
    0:44:30 of these hormones on gene expression.
    0:44:38 So today, as always, we weren’t able to cover all things related to sex and hormones and
    0:44:41 sexual differentiation or development.
    0:44:45 There’s no way we could, but we have covered a lot of material.
    0:44:49 So once again, I want to thank you for embarking on this journey through neuroscience, and
    0:44:54 today, neuroendocrinology with me, and as always, thank you for your interest in science.
    0:44:57 (upbeat music)
    0:44:59 (guitar music)
    Chào mừng đến với Huberman Lab Essentials, nơi chúng ta xem lại các tập trước để tìm kiếm những công cụ khoa học dựa trên thực tế mạnh mẽ và có thể áp dụng cho sức khỏe tâm thần, sức khỏe thể chất và hiệu suất. Tôi là Andrew Huberman, giáo sư sinh lý thần kinh và nhãn khoa tại Trường Y tế Stanford. Podcast này tách biệt với vai trò giảng dạy và nghiên cứu của tôi tại Stanford.
    Hôm nay, chúng ta sẽ khám phá hormone, chúng là gì, hoạt động như thế nào, và cái gì dẫn đến sự nam hóa hoặc nữ hóa của não bộ và cơ thể. Mục tiêu của chúng ta hôm nay là thực sự đi sâu vào sinh học, sinh lý học, nội tiết học và hành vi. Hormone, theo định nghĩa, là một chất, một hóa chất được giải phóng ở một vùng nào đó của cơ thể, thường từ những thứ mà chúng ta gọi là tuyến, mặc dù chúng cũng có thể được giải phóng từ các tế bào thần kinh, nhưng thường được giải phóng từ các tuyến và có tác dụng cả trên tuyến đó, nhưng cũng trên các cơ quan và mô khác trong cơ thể. Điều này phân biệt hormone với những thứ như chất dẫn truyền thần kinh, thường hoạt động ở mức độ cục bộ hơn.
    Các ví dụ về những mô tạo hormone bao gồm tuyến giáp, tinh hoàn, buồng trứng, v.v. Sau đó, tất nhiên, có những vùng của não như vùng dưới đồi và tuyến yên, mà có mối liên hệ chặt chẽ với nhau và giải phóng hormone gây ra sự giải phóng các hormone khác trong cơ thể.
    Hãy bắt đầu với sự phát triển. Tinh trùng gặp trứng. Tất cả những gì xảy ra trước đó là một chủ đề của tập tiếp theo, nhưng tinh trùng gặp trứng. Đây là sự sinh sản của động vật có vú, và trứng bắt đầu nhân đôi. Nó bắt đầu tạo ra nhiều bản sao của chính nó. Nó tạo ra nhiều tế bào hơn, và cuối cùng một số tế bào đó trở thành da, một số trở thành não, một số trở thành cơ, một số trở thành ngón tay, tất cả những thứ tạo nên kế hoạch não bộ và cơ thể.
    Ngoài ra, có những hormone đến từ cả mẹ và từ em bé đang phát triển, thai nhi đang phát triển, ảnh hưởng đến việc liệu não sẽ được tổ chức theo kiểu nam tính hay nữ tính. Khi tôi nói điều này, tôi muốn bạn cố gắng loại bỏ các nghĩa văn hóa hoặc tâm lý về những gì nam hóa và nữ hóa là vì chúng ta chỉ đang tập trung vào sinh học.
    Thông thường, con người có hai nhiễm sắc thể X, và ngôn ngữ truyền thống xung quanh điều đó là người đó là nữ, đúng không, hoặc một nhiễm sắc thể X và một nhiễm sắc thể Y, và người đó sẽ trở thành nam. Bây giờ, điều này không phải lúc nào cũng đúng. Có những trường hợp là X, XY, nơi có hai nhiễm sắc thể X cộng với một nhiễm sắc thể Y. Cũng có những trường hợp là XYY, nơi có hai nhiễm sắc thể Y, và điều này có ảnh hưởng sinh học và tâm lý quan trọng.
    Vì vậy, điều đầu tiên chúng ta cần xác lập là có một thứ gọi là giới tính nhiễm sắc. Việc có hai nhiễm sắc thể X hoặc một nhiễm sắc thể X và Y là điều chúng ta gọi là giới tính nhiễm sắc. Nhưng giai đoạn tiếp theo trong việc phân loại các giới tính là điều chúng ta gọi là giới tính tuyến sinh dục. Thông thường, không phải lúc nào cũng thế, nhưng thường thì, nếu ai đó có tinh hoàn cho tuyến sinh dục của họ, chúng ta nghĩ rằng họ là nam. Và nếu ai đó có buồng trứng, chúng ta nghĩ rằng họ là nữ, mặc dù điều đó cũng không phải lúc nào cũng đúng.
    Nhưng hãy cùng khám phá quá trình chuyển đổi từ giới tính nhiễm sắc sang giới tính tuyến sinh dục, vì đó là một quá trình thú vị mà tất cả chúng ta đều trải qua theo cách này hay cách khác. Nên nhớ rằng XY mà chúng ta thường nghĩ đến là thúc đẩy sự nam hóa của thai nhi. Chúng ta nói rằng điều đó là bởi vì trên nhiễm sắc thể Y, có các gen, và những gen đó có những chức năng nhất định làm ức chế các cơ quan sinh sản nữ.
    Vì vậy, trên nhiễm sắc thể Y, có một gen mà mã hóa cho một thứ gọi là hormone ức chế Mulerian. Thực tế có một hormone được lập trình bởi nhiễm sắc thể Y mà ức chế sự hình thành của ống Mulerian, điều này là một phần quan trọng của cơ quan sinh sản nữ. Điều này rất quan trọng vì chúng ta đang thấy sự chuyển đổi giữa nhiễm sắc thể, nhiễm sắc thể Y và tuyến sinh dục. Và các gen khác trên nhiễm sắc thể Y thúc đẩy sự hình thành tinh hoàn.
    Vì vậy, có những gen như gen SRY và các gen khác thúc đẩy sự hình thành tinh hoàn, trong khi chúng cũng ức chế sự hình thành ống Mulerian. Vì vậy, sự chuyển đổi từ giới tính nhiễm sắc sang giới tính tuyến sinh dục là một sự phân biệt rất quan trọng. Nó giống như một ngã rẽ trong con đường xảy ra rất sớm trong sự phát triển khi thai nhi vẫn còn trong giai đoạn phôi.
    Vì vậy, chúng ta phải phân biệt giữa giới tính nhiễm sắc, giới tính tuyến sinh dục, và sau đó là những gì chúng ta gọi là giới tính hormone, đó là tác động của các hormone steroid, estrogen và testosterone cùng với các hợp chất của chúng, lên những gì chúng ta gọi là giới tính hình thái hoặc hình dạng của em bé trong cơ thể người và bộ phận sinh dục và hàm và tất cả những thứ khác. Và vì vậy, thực ra, nó khá phức tạp.
    Vì vậy, bạn biết đấy, đó là một khoảng cách xa từ nhiễm sắc thể đến bản sắc giới tính, và bản sắc giới tính có nhiều ảnh hưởng và vai trò xã hội. Đó là một lĩnh vực hiện nay rất năng động và đang được thảo luận rất nhiều, như bạn đã biết. Nhưng chỉ cần từ giới tính nhiễm sắc đến những gì chúng ta sẽ gọi là giới tính tuyến sinh dục và giới tính hormone và giới tính hình thái liên quan đến một số bước.
    Vì vậy, hôm nay chúng ta sẽ nói về những bước đó và có một số điều thú vị thực sự liên quan đến các công cụ, thực sự liên quan đến một số lựa chọn hành vi quan trọng. Những lựa chọn quan trọng về những điều cần tránh trong thời gian mang thai. Và đối với những người trong số các bạn không có thai, những điều cần tránh nếu bạn đang nghĩ về việc sẽ có con trong tương lai. Và điều đó không nhằm mục đích hướng phát triển theo một hướng này hay hướng kia, nhưng có những ví dụ cho thấy có những điều xấu trong môi trường của chúng ta thực sự có thể ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến những gì chúng ta gọi là sự phát triển giới tính nói chung bất kể nền tảng nhiễm sắc.
    Vậy hãy bắt đầu với điều đó. Tôi muốn nghỉ ngơi một chút và ghi nhận một trong những nhà tài trợ của chúng tôi, Function. Năm ngoái, tôi đã trở thành thành viên của Function sau khi tìm kiếm phương pháp toàn diện nhất về kiểm tra trong phòng thí nghiệm.
    Chức năng cung cấp hơn 100 xét nghiệm phòng lab tiên tiến, giúp bạn có cái nhìn tổng quan về sức khỏe toàn diện của cơ thể.
    Bức tranh tổng quan này mang đến cho bạn những hiểu biết về sức khỏe tim mạch, sức khỏe hormone, hoạt động miễn dịch, mức độ dinh dưỡng và nhiều thứ khác nữa.
    Họ cũng mới đây đã bổ sung các xét nghiệm phát hiện độc tố như việc tiếp xúc với BPA từ nhựa có hại và xét nghiệm cho các chất PFAS hay các hóa chất vĩnh viễn.
    Chức năng không chỉ cung cấp thử nghiệm cho hơn 100 chỉ số sinh học liên quan đến sức khỏe thể chất và tâm thần của bạn, mà còn phân tích các kết quả này và cung cấp những hiểu biết từ các bác sĩ hàng đầu là chuyên gia trong các lĩnh vực liên quan.
    Ví dụ, trong một trong những lần xét nghiệm đầu tiên với Chức năng, tôi đã phát hiện ra rằng mức thủy ngân trong máu của tôi cao.
    Chức năng không chỉ giúp tôi phát hiện điều đó, mà còn cung cấp những hiểu biết về cách tốt nhất để giảm mức thủy ngân của tôi, bao gồm việc hạn chế tiêu thụ cá ngừ – tôi đã ăn rất nhiều cá ngừ – đồng thời cố gắng ăn nhiều rau xanh và bổ sung NAC và acetylcysteine, cả hai đều hỗ trợ quá trình sản xuất glutathione và giải độc.
    Và tôi phải nói rằng, bằng cách thực hiện xét nghiệm thứ hai với Chức năng, phương pháp này đã có hiệu quả.
    Xét nghiệm máu toàn diện là vô cùng quan trọng.
    Có rất nhiều vấn đề liên quan đến sức khỏe tâm thần và thể chất của bạn chỉ có thể được phát hiện qua xét nghiệm máu.
    Vấn đề là, xét nghiệm máu luôn tốn kém và phức tạp.
    Ngược lại, tôi đã bị ấn tượng bởi sự đơn giản của Chức năng và mức chi phí.
    Nó rất phải chăng.
    Vì vậy, tôi đã quyết định tham gia vào hội đồng tư vấn khoa học của họ, và tôi rất vui vì họ đang tài trợ cho podcast.
    Nếu bạn muốn thử Chức năng, bạn có thể truy cập vào functionhealth.com/huberman.
    Chức năng hiện đang có danh sách chờ hơn 250.000 người, nhưng họ đang cung cấp quyền truy cập sớm cho người nghe podcast Huberman.
    Một lần nữa, đó là functionhealth.com/huberman để nhận quyền truy cập sớm vào Chức năng.
    Hãy bàn luận thêm về vai trò của hormone.
    Hormone thường có hai loại tác động.
    Chúng có thể rất nhanh chóng hoặc rất chậm.
    Có các hormone như cortisol và adrenaline, có tác động rất nhanh.
    Và sau đó có các hormone như testosterone và estrogen, mà chúng ta gọi là hormone steroid sinh dục.
    Các phân tử này, đối với những ai quan tâm, được gọi là lipophilic, có nghĩa là chúng thích những thứ béo.
    Chúng thực sự có thể đi qua các màng béo.
    Và vì bên ngoài của tế bào, cũng như cái được gọi là màng nhân, nơi tất cả DNA và những thứ khác được chứa bên trong, được cấu tạo từ lipid, từ chất béo, các hormone steroid này thực sự có thể di chuyển vào tế bào và sau đó tương tác với DNA của tế bào để kiểm soát sự biểu hiện gen.
    Vì vậy, chúng có thể thay đổi những loại tế bào mà tế bào sẽ trở thành, và chúng có thể thay đổi cách mà tế bào hoạt động theo cách dài hạn.
    Và đó thực sự là cách mà sự hiện diện của các gen như SRY và hormone ức chế Müllerian dẫn đến việc giảm thiểu hoặc loại bỏ, tôi nên nói là loại bỏ, các ống Müllerian và thúc đẩy thay vào đó cái được gọi là ống Wolff, hoặc thúc đẩy sự phát triển của tinh hoàn thay vì buồng trứng.
    Vì vậy, tất cả những gì bạn cần biết là hormone có tác động ngắn hạn và dài hạn, và các tác động dài hạn đó thực sự liên quan đến tác động của chúng lên gen và cách mà các gen đó được biểu hiện hoặc bị ức chế, để ngăn chặn chúng sản xuất ra những protein cụ thể.
    Vì vậy, những hormone này, những hormone steroid này, có sức mạnh vượt trội.
    Và nếu chúng ta sẽ thảo luận về vấn đề nam hóa hoặc nữ hóa, v.v., bạn cũng cần nghĩ đến đối tác.
    Không chỉ là về việc nam hóa cơ thể hay nữ hóa cơ thể và não bộ.
    Nó cũng liên quan đến việc giảm nam tính của não trong nhiều trường hợp như một chức năng sinh học bình thường, thường là của phụ nữ XX, và nữ hóa, là sự ức chế của một số con đường liên quan đến nữ hóa cơ thể và não.
    Vì vậy, tôi vừa mới đưa ra cho bạn rất nhiều kiến thức sinh học.
    Nhưng đây là nơi mọi thứ bắt đầu trở nên vô cùng bất ngờ.
    Bạn sẽ nghĩ rằng điều này thật đơn giản, phải không?
    Bạn có một nhiễm sắc thể Y.
    Bạn ức chế con đường sinh sản nữ như chỉ số malaria.
    Bạn thúc đẩy sự phát triển của tinh hoàn, và sau đó tinh hoàn sản xuất testosterone.
    Và sau đó nó tổ chức lại bộ não với hình mẫu nam, và nó muốn làm những việc giống nam.
    Và sau đó ở nữ, bạn có estrogen, và nó muốn làm những việc giống nữ, và ở đây có thể dùng dấu ngoặc để ám chỉ tất cả những điều này.
    Và thực tế là điều đó không hoạt động như vậy một chút nào.
    Dưới đây là nơi điều đó trở nên thú vị.
    Bạn phải hiểu rằng có các tác động của những hormone này, testosterone và estrogen, lên cái được gọi là những đặc điểm sinh dục chính, là những đặc điểm mà bạn sinh ra đã có, và những đặc điểm sinh dục thứ cấp, là những đặc điểm xuất hiện trong tuổi dậy thì, và điều này diễn ra trong não, cơ thể và tủy sống.
    Vì vậy, tôi sẽ giải thích tất cả điều này cho bạn bằng cách đưa ra một số ví dụ.
    Đầu tiên, hãy nói về sự phát triển của các đặc điểm sinh dục chính, những đặc điểm xuất hiện khi sinh.
    Và một trong những ví dụ rõ ràng hơn về điều này đến từ vai trò của testosterone trong việc tạo ra bộ phận sinh dục ngoài.
    Thực sự thì không phải testosterone chịu trách nhiệm cho sự phát triển của dương vật ở một bé có nhiễm sắc thể X và Y.
    Mà là một androgen khác.
    Testosterone chỉ là một danh mục hormone bao gồm testosterone, nhưng testosterone được chuyển đổi trong thai nhi thành một cái gọi là dihydrotestosterone.
    Và điều này diễn ra thông qua một loại enzyme gọi là 5-alpha reductase.
    Dihydrotestosterone là cái mà chúng ta gọi là androgen thống trị ở nam giới.
    Nó chịu trách nhiệm cho sự hung hăng.
    Nó chịu trách nhiệm cho sức mạnh cơ bắp.
    Nó tham gia vào sự phát triển của râu và chứng rụng tóc ở nam giới.
    Bạn sẽ nói về tất cả điều đó.
    Nhưng dihydrotestosterone có các tác động mạnh mẽ trong việc xác định bộ phận sinh dục trong khi bé vẫn còn trong giai đoạn phôi.
    Dưới đây là bản dịch tiếng Việt của văn bản bạn cung cấp:
    Vậy có testosterone được sản xuất và testosterone đó được chuyển đổi bởi enzyme 5-alpha reductase trong một cấu trúc nhỏ gọi là tubercle. Cái tubercle đó cuối cùng sẽ trở thành dương vật. Bạn có thể nói, “Được rồi, đơn giản thôi. Testosterone này được chuyển đổi thành dihydrotestosterone và nếu có dihydrotestosterone, nó kiểm soát sự phát triển của dương vật.” Và thực sự, đó là đúng. Đó là một đặc điểm sinh dục chính. Em bé đó sẽ lớn lên và sau đó trong giai đoạn dậy thì, sẽ có sự phát hành một phân tử. Tôi đã nói về điều này trong tập trước gọi là Kispeptin, K-I-S-S-P-E-P-T-I-N, Kispeptin, sẽ gây ra sự phát hành một số hormone khác. Hormone giải phóng, hormone luteinizing sẽ kích thích tinh hoàn sản xuất testosterone. Vậy trong giai đoạn dậy thì, testosterone dẫn đến sự phát triển và phát triển thêm của dương vật cũng như sự tích lũy hoặc tăng trưởng của lông mu, giọng nói trở nên trầm hơn, tất cả các đặc điểm sinh dục thứ cấp. Có một hiện tượng rất thú vị đã được công bố trong tạp chí Science vào những năm 1970, hiện tại có rất nhiều dữ liệu khoa học liên quan đến vấn đề này. Điều này liên quan đến một đột biến gen mà ở đó enzyme 5-alpha reductase, enzyme chuyển đổi testosterone thành dihydrotestosterone, không tồn tại. Nó đã bị đột biến và điều này thực sự được phát hiện lần đầu tiên ở Cộng hòa Dominica. Điều xảy ra là, khi em bé được sinh ra, nếu bạn nhìn vào em bé đó, nó trông giống như một cô gái. Sẽ có rất ít hoặc không có dương vật bên ngoài. Và điều được quan sát là lâu lâu, em bé đó, sau khi được nuôi dưỡng như một cô gái, sẽ bắt đầu mọc dương vật khoảng 11 hoặc 12 hoặc 13 tuổi. Thực ra có một cái tên cho điều này. Nó được gọi là Juevedosis, mà bản dịch thì hơn kém thì có nghĩa là “dương vật ở tuổi 12”. Và mặc dù nghe có vẻ kỳ lạ, nhưng điều này có lý nếu bạn hiểu về đột biến cơ bản. Điều xảy ra ở những đứa trẻ này, những trẻ Juevedosis, là chúng được sinh ra với tinh hoàn chưa hạ xuống, nên ở trên cơ thể, chúng không thể chuyển đổi testosterone thành dihydrotestosterone vì thiếu enzyme này, 5-alpha reductase. Kết quả là, đặc điểm sinh dục chính của bộ phận sinh dục nam bên ngoài, dương vật, không phát triển. Và sau đó điều xảy ra là, em bé lớn lên, và testosterone bắt đầu được tiết ra từ tinh hoàn vì kispeptin trong não gửi tín hiệu qua gonadotropin và hormone luteinizing, đi xuống tinh hoàn. Tinh hoàn bắt đầu sản xuất testosterone, và có sự phát triển thứ cấp của dương vật, đột nhiên dương vật xuất hiện. Và điều quan trọng ở đây là dihydrotestosterone, chứ không phải testosterone, chịu trách nhiệm cho sự phát triển chính này của dương vật, và testosterone sau này tham gia vào các đặc điểm sinh dục thứ cấp, giọng nói trở nên trầm hơn, v.v. Bây giờ đây là nơi mà thông tin trở nên thú vị hơn, và áp dụng cho hầu hết mọi người. Bạn có thể nghĩ rằng testosterone, vì nó làm cho cơ thể nam tính hóa theo cách của các đặc điểm sinh dục thứ cấp, và vì dihydrotestosterone, một androgen khác, làm cho các đặc điểm sinh dục chính, sự phát triển của dương vật ở giai đoạn đầu, thì testosterone phải làm cho não trở nên nam tính. Nhưng sự nam tính hóa của não không được thực hiện bởi testosterone. Nó được thực hiện bởi estrogen. Testosterone có thể được chuyển đổi thành estrogen bởi một enzyme gọi là aromatase. Có các neuron trong não sản xuất aromatase và chuyển đổi testosterone thành estrogen. Nói cách khác, chính estrogen làm cho cá nhân XY trở nên nam tính hóa, làm cho não trở nên nam tính. Và điều này có những tác động sâu sắc đến nhiều thứ, từ hành vi, đến cách nhìn nhận thế giới, v.v. Nhưng tôi nghĩ hầu hết mọi người không nhận ra rằng chính estrogen từ testosterone làm cho não nam tính, não XY, chứ không phải testosterone, cũng như dihydrotestosterone. 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    Tôi muốn đề cập đến một số công cụ. Bạn có thể tự hỏi, làm thế nào mà các công cụ có thể xuất hiện ở giai đoạn này của cuộc trò chuyện khi chúng ta đang nói về sự phát triển giới tính và sự phân hóa các mô trong cơ thể? Điều này đúng với cả trẻ em, phụ huynh và người lớn. Tôi muốn nhấn mạnh rằng có những thứ liên quan đến môi trường và có những thứ mà mọi người sử dụng, thực sự có thể ảnh hưởng đến mức hormone và có thể tác động đến sự phát triển giới tính theo cách khá sâu sắc. Tôi muốn rất rõ ràng, đây không phải là tôi lấy từ một tạp chí hiếm hoi mà tôi chưa bao giờ nghe đến. Đây là thông tin từ các sách giáo khoa, cụ thể, hôm nay tôi đang hướng dẫn nhiều cuộc trò chuyện dựa trên công việc trong sinh lý học hành vi, một cuốn sách của Randy Nelson và Lance Crickfield, những chuyên gia thực sự trong lĩnh vực này. Tôi sẽ nói về một số công việc của Tyrone Hayes từ UC Berkeley về độc tố môi trường và tác động của chúng đến một số thứ như testosterone và estrogen. Tôi sẽ đề cập đến chúng. Tôi sẽ cung cấp một số bằng chứng giai thoại dựa trên các nghiên cứu, mà chúng tôi sẽ cung cấp vào phần chú thích hoặc tôi sẽ tham chiếu ở đây. Bạn biết đấy, một lần nữa, tôi chỉ muốn nhấn mạnh khi ai đó bắt đầu nói về các yếu tố môi trường và cách mà chúng gây ngộ độc cho chúng ta hoặc làm gián đoạn sự phát triển hoặc tỷ lệ sinh sản, nó có thể bắt đầu nghe có vẻ hơi điên rồ trừ khi bạn bắt đầu xem xét một số dữ liệu thực tế. Dữ liệu từ các phòng thí nghiệm nghiên cứu chất lượng được tài trợ bởi chính phủ liên bang, không phải từ các công ty hay các nguồn khác mà thực sự nhằm hiểu rõ về sinh học cơ bản. Vì điều đó, tôi thực sự cảm ơn Tyrone Hayes tại UC Berkeley. Tôi nhớ hồi đó khi tôi còn là sinh viên cao học vào cuối những năm 90, ở UC Berkeley, và tôi nhớ ông ấy, ông ấy đang nghiên cứu ếch, ông ấy đang nói về các khuyết tật phát triển ở những con ếch sống ở các vùng nước khác nhau, không chỉ ở California mà còn ở những nơi khác. Và ông ấy đã xác định được một chất có mặt trong nhiều nguồn nước trên khắp đất nước này và các quốc gia khác, vì vậy không chỉ giới hạn ở California, đó là atrazine, đây là A-T-R-A-Z-I-N-E, lại một lần nữa, đây là thông tin từ sách giáo khoa. Và nó gây ra các biến dạng tinh hoàn nghiêm trọng. Vì vậy, việc tiếp xúc với atrazine là nghiêm trọng. Điều thú vị là nếu bạn xem xét dữ liệu, bạn sẽ thấy rằng tại các địa điểm ở miền tây và miền Trung Hoa Kỳ, từ 10 đến 92% số ếch đực có các bất thường về tinh hoàn. Và các biến dạng tinh hoàn nghiêm trọng nhất là ở tinh hoàn chứ không phải ở tinh trùng. Vì vậy, thực sự là cơ quan, là cơ quan sinh dục. Hiện nay, mọi người đã biết rõ rằng atrazine có trong nhiều loại thuốc diệt cỏ. Và trong khi, tôi sẽ nói rằng, vào những năm 80 và 90, cuộc thảo luận xung quanh thuốc diệt cỏ và tác động tiêu cực của chúng thường được coi như là những chủ đề hippie-dippy hay những điều mà bạn nghe thấy ở các chợ cộng đồng địa phương và trong các cộng đồng mới mẻ này. Hiện tại, có rất nhiều dữ liệu đáng tin cậy từ các phòng thí nghiệm được tài trợ bởi chính phủ liên bang tại các trường đại học lớn đã được đồng nghiệp đánh giá và công bố trong những tạp chí xuất sắc chỉ ra rằng, thật vậy, nhiều loại thuốc diệt cỏ này có thể có tác động tiêu cực chủ yếu bằng cách ảnh hưởng đến tỷ lệ hormone trong cả mẹ và trong tinh hoàn, làm biến đổi tinh hoàn của những người cha hoặc có tác động trực tiếp lên các động vật trẻ đang phát triển và có thể cả con người. Và vì vậy bạn tự hỏi, vậy còn con người thì sao? Ếch rất tuyệt, nhưng còn con người? Dưới đây là dữ liệu về những gì đang xảy ra, và không phải tất cả đều là thông tin đáng sợ. Chúng ta cũng sẽ nói về các công cụ để cải thiện và bù đắp một số tác động này, tùy theo nhu cầu của bạn. Nhưng trong các quần thể con người, số lượng tinh trùng thực sự đang giảm xuống, được chứ? Vì vậy, vào năm 1940, mật độ trung bình của tinh trùng con người là 113 triệu mỗi mililit tinh dịch. Đây là cách mà nó được đo. Bao nhiêu tinh trùng trong mỗi mililit tinh dịch? Vào năm 1990, con số này đã giảm xuống 66, tức là giảm từ 113 triệu mỗi mililit xuống 66 triệu mỗi mililit ở Hoa Kỳ và Tây Âu. Vì vậy, không chỉ là một vấn đề của Hoa Kỳ. Các nhà nghiên cứu cũng ước tính rằng thể tích tinh dịch được sản xuất bởi nam giới đã giảm 20% trong thời gian đó, làm giảm số lượng tinh trùng mỗi lần xuất tinh xuống còn thấp hơn nữa. Vì vậy, giữa năm 1981 và 1991, tỷ lệ sinh tinh bình thường đã giảm từ 56,4% xuống còn 66,9%. Vì vậy, có rất nhiều điều đang xảy ra chủ yếu do những loại thuốc diệt cỏ này đang được sử dụng rộng rãi để giảm số lượng tinh trùng. Và những điều này sẽ có những tác động sâu sắc, không chỉ đối với số lượng tinh trùng, mà còn đối với sự phát triển giới tính ở cấp độ của các cơ quan sinh dục và não, bởi vì bạn cần testosterone để sản xuất dihydrotestosterone cho các đặc điểm giới tính chính.
    Bạn cần estrogen được sản xuất từ testosterone để làm nam hóa não, và dĩ nhiên, chúng ta không chỉ tập trung vào tinh trùng và testosterone. Bạn cũng biết rằng nhiều loại thuốc diệt cỏ đang gây rối loạn estrogen theo cách tương tự, điều này có thể giải thích lý do tại sao tuổi dậy thì đang xảy ra sớm hơn nhiều ở các bé gái ngày nay. Có rất nhiều điều đang xảy ra. Liệu điều này có nghĩa là bạn phải chạy xung quanh và tránh xa mọi thứ có chứa atrazine và bạn có nên tránh tất cả các loại thuốc diệt cỏ không? Tôi không biết, điều đó tùy thuộc vào bạn, nhưng dường như những thứ này có ảnh hưởng rõ rệt trong cả các nghiên cứu trên động vật và trên con người.
    Vậy chúng ta hãy nói về sự phát triển tình dục nữ. Và như thường lệ, những gì chúng ta sẽ làm là nói về sinh học bình thường, sau đó chúng ta sẽ nói một chút về những trường hợp đặc biệt hoặc không bình thường. Nhưng chúng ta sẽ nói về chúng vì chúng minh họa một nguyên tắc quan trọng về cách mọi thứ hoạt động trong các trường hợp điển hình.
    Có một đột biến gọi là hội chứng nhạy cảm androgen. Việc hiểu cách hội chứng nhạy cảm androgen hoạt động có thể giúp bạn hiểu rõ hơn về cách hormone ảnh hưởng đến sự phát triển giới tính.
    Vậy điều này hoạt động như thế nào? Có những cá nhân mang nhiễm sắc thể XY, tức là họ có nhiễm sắc thể Y, sinh ra tạo ra testosterone. Họ có tinh hoàn và không có hormone ức chế malaria vì trên nhiễm sắc thể Y có hormone ức chế malaria này. Tuy nhiên, những cá nhân này trông hoàn toàn giống phụ nữ. Và nhìn chung, họ báo cáo cảm thấy như những cô gái khi còn nhỏ, phụ nữ khi lớn lên. Nhưng có điều gì đó bất thường đang xảy ra ở những cá nhân này vì họ có kiểu nhiễm sắc thể XY chứ không phải XX.
    Vậy chuyện gì đang xảy ra? Điều đang xảy ra là tinh hoàn đang sản xuất testosterone, nhưng thụ thể cho testosterone thì bị đột biến. Do đó, tinh hoàn không bao giờ tụt xuống. Họ không có buồng trứng, họ có tinh hoàn, nhưng tinh hoàn ở bên trong cơ thể. Thông thường, những cá nhân này phát hiện ra rằng họ thực sự là nhiễm sắc thể XY, tức là, giới tính nhiễm sắc thể của họ là nam. Và giới tính sinh dục của họ là nam. Nhưng các tuyến sinh dục, tức là tinh hoàn lại ở trong cơ thể, họ không phát triển ra bìu, và họ không sản xuất buồng trứng. Và khi họ không có kinh nguyệt vào khoảng thời gian dậy thì, đó là dấu hiệu cho thấy có điều gì đó khác biệt.
    Và vì vậy, họ không bao giờ có kinh nguyệt vào thời điểm dậy thì. Nếu họ tìm hiểu đủ sâu, những gì bạn sẽ tìm thấy là họ thực sự là XY. Họ sản xuất testosterone, nhưng cơ thể của họ không thể sử dụng testosterone vì họ không có thụ thể. Và các thụ thể là rất quan trọng cho hầu hết mọi đặc điểm sinh dục thứ cấp mà chúng ta đã nói đến, như lông trên cơ thể, sự phát triển của dương vật trong thời kỳ dậy thì, v.v.
    Vì vậy, chúng ta đang nói về điều này để minh họa nguyên tắc rằng để có tác dụng của nó, một hormone không chỉ cần hiện diện, mà hormone đó thực tế phải có khả năng gắn kết với thụ thể của nó và tác động lên các tế bào mục tiêu. Đó là cách đơn giản nhất để hiểu về cách estrogen và testosterone ảnh hưởng đến việc làm nam hóa hoặc nữ hóa của não và hành vi là từ một tuyên bố, thực ra là câu cuối cùng trong một bản tóm tắt mà đồng nghiệp của tôi, Narao Shah tại Trường Y khoa Stanford đã công bố, đó là estrogen, lại một lần nữa, là estrogen được aromat hóa từ testosterone bởi aromatase thiết lập một kho lưu trữ hành vi tình dục nam tính ở cả động vật và con người.
    Vì vậy, nó thiết lập mạch điện trong não, estrogen làm điều đó. Estrogen thiết lập mạch điện nam tính trong não và testosterone sau đó là thứ kiểm soát sự thể hiện của những hành vi đó sau này trong cuộc sống. Tôi thấy điều đó thật sự thú vị. Bạn có thể nghĩ rằng chỉ có testosterone thực hiện một điều gì đó và estrogen thực hiện một điều khác, nhưng thực tế lại cho thấy rằng tự nhiên còn thú vị hơn thế. Tôi muốn nghỉ ngắn một chút và ghi nhận nhà tài trợ của chúng tôi, AG1.
    AG1 là một loại đồ uống vitamin, khoáng chất, probiotic cũng bao gồm prebiotic và adaptogen. Là người đã tham gia vào nghiên cứu khoa học gần ba thập kỷ và trong lĩnh vực sức khỏe và thể dục cũng tương tự, tôi luôn tìm kiếm những công cụ tốt nhất để cải thiện sức khỏe tâm thần, sức khỏe thể chất và hiệu suất của mình. Tôi phát hiện ra AG1 từ rất lâu vào năm 2012, trước cả khi tôi có một podcast hoặc thậm chí biết podcast là gì. Tôi đã sử dụng nó mỗi ngày kể từ đó vì tôi thấy AG1 cải thiện mạnh mẽ tất cả các khía cạnh sức khỏe của tôi. Tôi cảm thấy tốt hơn nhiều khi tôi sử dụng nó.
    AG1 sử dụng những thành phần chất lượng cao nhất trong các kết hợp thích hợp và họ liên tục cải thiện công thức mà không tăng chi phí. Mỗi khi tôi được hỏi nếu tôi chỉ có thể dùng một bổ sung, thì đó sẽ là bổ sung gì? Tôi luôn nói AG1. Nếu bạn muốn thử AG1, bạn có thể truy cập drinkag1.com/huberman để nhận một ưu đãi đặc biệt. Hiện tại, họ đang tặng năm gói du lịch miễn phí cộng với một năm cung cấp vitamin D3K2. Một lần nữa, đó là drinkag1.com/huberman để nhận ưu đãi đặc biệt đó.
    Được rồi. Vậy có những điều gì ảnh hưởng đến sự phát triển giới tính sớm trong cuộc sống và sau này? Hãy nói về cần sa. Hãy nói về rượu. Trước hết, cần sa, marijuana, THC. Có nhiều nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng THC và các thành phần khác trong cần sa thúc đẩy sự gia tăng đáng kể hoạt động của aromatase. Những người hút cần sa chắc chắn sẽ không thích điều này, đặc biệt là những người đàn ông hút cần sa sẽ không thích điều này, nhưng đó là sự thật. Đấy là điều cần biết. Cần sa và không rõ liệu chính THC hay các thành phần khác trong cây marijuana thúc đẩy hoạt động của aromatase.
    Điều này đã được quan sát một cách cảm tính, nơi những người hút cần sa có tỷ lệ phát triển cao hơn một cái mà tôi đã đề cập trước đó, gynecomastia, sự phát triển của núm vú hoặc sự phát triển của ngực đầy đủ ở nam giới. Trước đây, tôi đã nói rằng estrogen là thứ làm nam hóa não nam giới trong bụng mẹ.
    Đúng vậy, nhưng cách mà cần sa dường như hoạt động, ít nhất là từ những nghiên cứu mà tôi có thể xác định, là nó thúc đẩy estrogen tuần hoàn trong cơ thể và vì vậy có thể chống lại một số hiệu ứng nam tính hóa của những thứ như testosterone và dihydrotestosterone lên các đặc điểm sinh dục chính và thứ cấp.
    Tôi đề cập đến điều này vì tôi nghĩ rằng ngày nay việc sử dụng cần sa trở nên phổ biến hơn rất nhiều và chắc chắn trong giai đoạn dậy thì, nó có thể có ảnh hưởng sâu sắc đến các hệ thống hormon này.
    Và vì vậy, chúng ta sẽ thực hiện một tập khác đi sâu vào điều này, nhưng đúng, cần sa thúc đẩy hoạt động estrogen bằng cách tăng cường aromatase.
    Hầu như ai cũng có thể nhận ra rằng uống rượu trong thai kỳ là không tốt cho thai nhi đang phát triển. Hội chứng rượu bào thai là một hậu quả tiêu cực đã được khẳng định của thai kỳ và đây là một điều có những tác động nhận thức thực sự xấu. Thực sự có những dị tật thể chất, v.v.
    Vì vậy, uống rượu trong thai kỳ là không tốt. Có lẽ uống rượu trong giai đoạn dậy thì cũng không tốt vì rượu, đặc biệt là một số thứ như bia, nhưng những loại rượu ngũ cốc khác có thể làm tăng hoạt động estrogen.
    Bây giờ, đây không chỉ là vấn đề bảo vệ những cậu bé trẻ tuổi khỏi hoạt động estrogen. Nó cũng bảo vệ các cô gái khỏi những tác động quá mức hoặc thậm chí là thiếu estrogen do rượu trong giai đoạn dậy thì.
    Nhiều thanh thiếu niên uống rượu, sinh viên đại học cũng uống rượu, và quan trọng là phải chỉ ra rằng dậy thì không bắt đầu vào một ngày và kết thúc vào một ngày khác. Dậy thì có một khởi đầu, một giữa và một kết thúc, nhưng sự phát triển là toàn bộ quãng đời của chúng ta.
    Được rồi, chúng ta đã nói về cần sa. Chúng ta đã nói về rượu. Hãy nói về điện thoại di động. Trước hết, tôi sử dụng điện thoại di động. Tôi sử dụng nó rất thường xuyên và tôi không nghĩ rằng chúng là những thiết bị xấu. Tôi nghĩ rằng chúng cần một chút kỷ luật để đảm bảo rằng nó không trở thành một lực lượng tiêu cực trong cuộc sống của một người.
    Vì vậy, tôi cá nhân hạn chế số giờ mà tôi sử dụng điện thoại và đặc biệt là trên mạng xã hội, nhưng còn điện thoại di động thì sao? Khi tôi là một giáo sư trẻ, tôi là giáo sư tiềm nhiệm, tôi đã dạy một lớp về các mạch nơ-ron và sức khỏe và bệnh tật và một trong những sinh viên hỏi tôi, “Điện thoại di động có an toàn cho não không?” Tất cả dữ liệu đều chỉ ra rằng chúng an toàn, hoặc ít nhất là không có dữ liệu cho thấy chúng không an toàn.
    Tôi vẫn không có câu trả lời cho điều đó, thật lòng mà nói. Tôi không biết về bất kỳ bằng chứng nào trong các nghiên cứu chất lượng được phê duyệt cho thấy rằng điện thoại di động có hại cho não hoặc rằng việc cầm điện thoại lên tai là xấu hay Bluetooth là xấu hay bất kỳ điều nào như vậy. Tôi chỉ không biết về bất kỳ nghiên cứu chất lượng nào.
    Tuy nhiên, tôi rất quan tâm đến một nghiên cứu cụ thể được công bố vào năm 2013 trên chuột. Nghiên cứu này thực chất là đặt một điện thoại di động dưới một cái lồng chứa chuột và quan sát phát triển tinh hoàn và buồng trứng ở chuột và thấy những khiếm khuyết nhỏ nhưng vẫn có ý nghĩa thống kê trong phát triển buồng trứng và tinh hoàn.
    Kể từ đó, và bây giờ quay lại với tài liệu, tôi đã thấy một sự bùng nổ tuyệt đối của các nghiên cứu, một số trong đó được công bố trên các tạp chí chất lượng, một số khác thì không thuộc loại tạp chí xuất sắc, chỉ ra các khiếm khuyết trong phát triển tinh hoàn và/hoặc buồng trứng chỉ bằng cách tiếp xúc với sóng điện thoại di động.
    Chúng ta hãy gọi đó là vậy. Chúng ta không biết chúng là gì và điều này nghe có vẻ gần như điên rồ, đúng không? Bất cứ khi nào ai đó bắt đầu nói về EMF và những thứ như vậy, bạn sẽ lo lắng kiểu như, người này có ổn không? Nhưng hãy nhìn vào tài liệu cho thấy rằng việc tiếp xúc lâu dài của các tuyến sinh dục với điện thoại di động có thể tạo ra những vấn đề nghiêm trọng về sức khỏe ở cấp độ tế bào và về kết quả.
    Vì vậy, kết quả cho tinh hoàn sẽ là sản xuất tinh trùng, tốc độ bơi và tinh trùng là một đặc điểm quan trọng của sức khỏe tinh trùng. Còn trong buồng trứng, đó sẽ là lượng estrogen, sự đều đặn của chu kỳ. Tôi nghĩ rằng thật công bằng để nói, dựa trên tài liệu, rằng có những tác động của sóng điện thoại di động lên sự phát triển của tuyến sinh dục.
    Câu hỏi là, khoảng cách của điện thoại di động đến các tuyến sinh dục là bao xa? Vì vậy, bạn phải tiếp cận những loại nghiên cứu này với một chút hoài nghi. Có một số tác động thú vị của hormone mà thực sự bạn có thể quan sát bên ngoài cơ thể người, cho bạn biết một số điều không chỉ về mức độ hormone của họ mà còn về di truyền nền tảng của họ.
    Và những điều này liên quan đến sự phát triển râu và hói và điều đó thật hấp dẫn. Phân tử, hormone, dihydrotestosterone được tạo ra từ testosterone, là hormone chính chịu trách nhiệm cho tóc mặt, cho sự phát triển râu. Cũng vậy, nó là phân tử, hormone chủ yếu chịu trách nhiệm cho việc thiếu tóc trên đầu, cho sự rụng tóc.
    Không ngẫu nhiên, các loại thuốc được thiết kế để ngăn ngừa rụng tóc là những chất ức chế 5 alpha reductase. Vì vậy, hãy nhớ 5 alpha reductase từ hội chứng Hovedosis? Vâng, những người phát hiện ra hội chứng Hovedosis đã tiến hành nhiều nghiên cứu về hóa sinh cơ bản của phân tử thú vị này, dihydrotestosterone, đã xác định ra 5 alpha reductase và các chất ức chế 5 alpha reductase là cơ sở của hầu hết các phương pháp điều trị rụng tóc hiện có.
    Và vì vậy, có một số điều thú vị ở đây. Trước hết, hồ sơ tác dụng phụ của những phương pháp điều trị cho rụng tóc khá nghiêm trọng ở nhiều cá nhân. Hãy nhớ rằng DHT là androgen chính cho libido, cho sức mạnh và sửa chữa mô liên kết, cho sự hung hãn, ngay cả khi sự hung hãn đó, tất nhiên, được kiềm chế nhưng chỉ là tham vọng và sự hung hãn có liên quan đến dopamine. Nhưng trong con đường testosterone, thì ít hơn là testosterone tinh khiết, mặc dù testosterone tinh khiết có những tác động của nó, nhưng DHT ít nhất trong các loài linh trưởng, bao gồm con người, là androgen chủ yếu cho hầu hết những loại tác động đó.
    Và nếu bạn nhìn vào ai đó, mọi người đều có thể dự đoán liệu họ có trở nên hói hay không dựa trên việc nhìn vào hình dáng của họ, chúng ta luôn được dạy về ông của mẹ mình.
    Xin chào, nếu ông của bạn là người hói, có khả năng cao rằng bạn sẽ bị hói. Mô hình của các thụ thể DHT trên da đầu sẽ quyết định liệu bạn có bị hói ở mọi nơi hay chỉ ở phần trước hoặc kiểu hói ở vương miện. Và mật độ của râu cho bạn biết về mật độ của các thụ thể DHT. Điều này thay đổi tùy theo nền tảng, theo di truyền học. Có những khu vực trên thế giới mà tất cả đàn ông hầu như đều có cùng một kiểu hói, như là một dải hói ở giữa với tóc vẫn mọc ở hai bên và có râu đầy đủ. Đó là vì những mô hình thụ thể DHT này được xác định bằng di truyền. Ở những nơi khác, mức testosterone vẫn có thể rất cao, mức DHT trong máu có thể rất cao và vẫn có người có bộ râu rất mỏng hoặc không có râu, và điều đó xảy ra bởi vì họ không có nhiều thụ thể DHT trên mặt. Có nhiều tác động của DHT mà bạn có thể thấy rõ trong các kiểu hình nam. Và điều thú vị là các loại thuốc chữa hói đầu hoặc để ngăn ngừa rụng tóc đang nhắm trực tiếp vào việc ngăn chặn sự chuyển đổi testosterone thành dihydrotestosterone. Đó là lý do tại sao chúng ngăn ngừa rụng tóc đến một mức độ nhất định, nhưng cũng đồng thời gây ra một số tác dụng phụ liên quan đến mức DHT thấp.
    Tôi muốn kể cho bạn một câu chuyện về linh cẩu và kích thước của âm vật. Khi tôi còn là sinh viên sau đại học tại UC Berkeley, chúng tôi có một giáo sư trong khoa, một nhà khoa học phi thường tên là Steve Glickman. Steve Glickman có một thuộc địa linh cẩu, linh cẩu vằn sống trong những chuồng nhốt ở công viên Tilden, phía sau khuôn viên UC Berkeley. Hiện nay, linh cẩu không còn ở đó nữa. Linh cẩu thể hiện một đặc điểm tuyệt vời về cơ thể, hormone và cấu trúc xã hội của chúng. Linh cẩu, khác với nhiều loài vật khác, có một tình huống liên quan đến bộ phận sinh dục của chúng, trong đó dương vật của linh cẩu đực thực sự nhỏ hơn âm vật của linh cẩu cái. Và tôi phải nói rằng dương vật của linh cẩu đực, đã thấy một số lượng không nhỏ linh cẩu đực, không phải là nhỏ, điều đó có nghĩa là âm vật của linh cẩu cái rất lớn. Điều này đã được biết đến từ khá lâu. Hóa ra, ở linh cẩu vằn, linh cẩu cái là thống trị. Vì vậy, sau khi săn mồi, linh cẩu cái sẽ ăn trước, sau đó con non của chúng sẽ ăn, và sau cùng là linh cẩu đực sẽ ăn. Bên cạnh đó, khi linh cẩu cái sinh con, chúng không sinh qua ống âm đạo mà chúng ta quen thuộc mà sinh qua một âm vật phình to giống như dương vật, mặc dù nó không phải là dương vật, mà là âm vật, và nó thực sự xé rách ra. Nhiều phôi chết trong quá trình phát triển và sinh nở của linh cẩu. Em bé linh cẩu thực sự đi qua mô và đây là một cuộc sinh rất đau đớn. Có một bí ẩn về việc tại sao linh cẩu cái lại có tình trạng này, chúng ta sẽ gọi là sự nam hóa, nhưng thực sự là sự androgen hóa ở phần ngoại vi của bộ phận sinh dục. Và hóa ra, qua nhiều nghiên cứu cẩn thận được thực hiện bởi Steve Glickman, Christine Dre và những người khác, có một hợp chất gọi là dione, về cơ bản là một tiền hormone đối với testosterone. Dione có nồng độ rất cao được sản xuất ở linh cẩu cái, gây ra sự phình to của bộ phận sinh dục của chúng. Nếu bạn muốn tìm hiểu về enderstein dione, enderstein dione được chuyển hóa thành testosterone qua enzyme 17 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase. Đây là một con đường phức tạp để phát âm, nhưng về mặt sinh hóa thì đây là một con đường khá đơn giản. Bạn có thể nhớ trong những năm 90 và 2000, có nhiều vụ bê bối liên quan đến thuốc tăng cường hiệu suất, đặc biệt là trong giải bóng chày Major League, và có thông tin cho rằng, mặc dù tôi không biết có được xác minh hay không, nhưng đã có thông tin cho rằng thuốc tăng cường hiệu suất chính trong thời kỳ đó, đặc biệt là đối với các cầu thủ mà chúng ta sẽ không đề cập tên, nhưng bạn có thể Google nếu muốn tìm hiểu, là enderstein dione. Và một giai thoại nhỏ cuối cùng về vấn đề này, điều này cũng đã được công bố trong tài liệu khoa học, điều này thật kỳ lạ, nhưng tôi thấy thú vị, hormone thật sự tuyệt vời, chúng thật không thể tin được với tôi, liên quan đến cây cần sa, bạn biết rằng cây cần sa có những đặc tính estrogen. Tôi đã hỏi một nhà sinh học thực vật liệu điều này có bất thường không, nhưng nhà sinh học thực vật này đã nói với tôi, ồ vâng, có những cây sản sinh ra cái mà về cơ bản tương đương với testosterone, như phấn thông, nó nhìn rất giống testosterone, và có những cây khác sản sinh ra cái mà về cơ bản là estrogen, và tôi đã hỏi, tại sao chúng lại làm điều đó? Ông ấy đã nói rằng một trong những lý do tại sao một số cây đã tiến hóa khả năng này là để tăng mức estrogen ở động vật ăn chúng, không phải để hút thuốc, nhưng ở động vật tiêu thụ chúng, tôi đoán rằng động vật không hút thuốc lá cần sa, mặc dù tôi không biết, hãy gửi cho tôi tài liệu nếu bạn đã nghe về điều này, là bởi vì cây đã tìm ra những cách để chống lại quần thể chuột đồng và các loài động vật khác ăn chúng. Vì vậy, cây đang tham gia vào một kiểu chiến tranh thực vật với động vật, nơi chúng tăng estrogen ở những con đực trong quần thể đó để giảm số lượng tinh trùng nhằm giữ cho quần thể đó ở mức nhất định, để những cây đó có thể tiếp tục phát triển. Và tôi thấy điều này thật sự hấp dẫn, và do đó, hormone không chỉ ảnh hưởng đến sự phát triển và tăng trưởng mô trong từng cá thể, và giữa mẹ, nhớ rằng nhau thai là một cơ quan nội tiết và con cái, mà cây cối và động vật cũng đang trong giao tiếp này. Vậy đây là một lĩnh vực sinh học thật thú vị, và như bạn đã nhận thấy hôm nay, không cái nào trong số này liên quan đến các tranh cãi hiện nay về giới tính và có bao nhiêu giới tính và tình dục, v.v. Đó là một cuộc trò chuyện riêng, mà theo định nghĩa, gắn liền với các khái niệm mà chúng ta đã thảo luận hôm nay, và cần được diễn ra với sự xem xét tất cả các khía cạnh của giới tính và tác động của hormone cả trên cơ thể, cả trên não.
    Chúng tôi không nói nhiều về tủy sống, nhưng chúng ta sẽ nói trong tập tiếp theo. Nhưng hiện tại, chúng ta có thể chỉ nói về não và các phần ngoại vi, các hiệu ứng sớm, hiệu ứng muộn, hiệu ứng cấp tính, có nghĩa là những hiệu ứng rất nhanh của mức độ hormone tăng lên hoặc giảm xuống, thứ mà chắc chắn xảy ra trong và suốt chu kỳ kinh nguyệt, cũng như các hiệu ứng lâu dài như ảnh hưởng của những hormone này đến sự biểu hiện gen.
    Vì vậy, hôm nay, như thường lệ, chúng tôi không thể đề cập đến tất cả các vấn đề liên quan đến giới tính và hormone cũng như sự phân biệt giới tính hoặc sự phát triển. Không có cách nào chúng tôi có thể làm điều đó, nhưng chúng tôi đã đề cập đến rất nhiều tài liệu.
    Một lần nữa, tôi muốn cảm ơn bạn đã tham gia vào hành trình này qua khoa học thần kinh, và hôm nay là nội tiết thần kinh cùng với tôi, và như thường lệ, cảm ơn bạn đã quan tâm đến khoa học.
    (music vui tươi)
    (nhạc guitar)
    歡迎來到 Huberman Lab Essentials,這裡我們重新檢視過去的播客集,以獲取針對心理健康、身體健康和表現的最有力和最具行動力的科學工具。我是安德魯·霍伯曼(Andrew Huberman),我是斯坦福大學醫學院神經生物學和眼科的教授。這個播客與我在斯坦福的教學和研究角色是分開的。今天,我們將探索荷爾蒙,它們是什麼、如何運作、以及什麼導致大腦和身體的男性化或女性化。我們今天的目標是深入生物學、生理學、內分泌學和行為學。
    荷爾蒙的定義是一種物質或化學物質,它在身體的一個區域釋放,通常來自我們稱之為腺體的東西,雖然它們也可以從神經元釋放,但通常是從腺體釋放,並傳遞到體內其他器官和組織,產生影響。這使得荷爾蒙有別於像神經傳遞素這樣的東西,後者更傾向於在較局部的範圍內作用。產生荷爾蒙的組織例子包括甲狀腺、睾丸、卵巢等等。當然大腦中有一些區域,如下丘腦和腦垂體,它們彼此密切相關,並釋放荷爾蒙,導致身體中其他荷爾蒙的釋放。
    我們從發育開始。精子與卵子相遇。在那之前發生的所有事情將是下一集的主題,但精子與卵子相遇。這是哺乳動物的繁殖,卵子開始複製。它開始製造更多的自身細胞,最終其中一些細胞會變成皮膚,另一些細胞會變成大腦,另一些會變成肌肉,還有一些會變成手指,所有這些構成了大腦和身體的計劃。此外,來自母親和正在發育中的嬰兒(即胎兒)的荷爾蒙會影響大腦是否會被稱為有組織的男性或有組織的女性。當我這麼說時,我希望你們能將文化上的含義或對男性化和女性化的心理含義拋開,因為我們僅僅專注於生物學。
    一般來說,人類有兩條 X 染色體,傳統語言中這被稱為女性,對吧?或者一條 X 染色體和一條 Y 染色體,這樣的人會成為男性。當然,這並不總是如此。有些情況是 X,XY,即有兩條 X 染色體加上一條 Y 染色體,還有一些情況是 XYY,即有兩條 Y 染色體,這些都有重要的生物學和心理學影響。因此,我們需要首先確立的是有一種稱為染色體性別的東西。是否有兩條 X 染色體或一條 X 和一條 Y 染色體,就是我們所稱的染色體性別。
    但下一階段的性別區分是我們稱之為性腺性別的東西。通常,不是總是,但通常如果某人的性腺是睾丸,我們會認為他是男性。如果某人的性腺是卵巢,我們會認為她是女性,儘管這也不總是如此。但讓我們探討一下從染色體性別到性腺性別的過渡,因為這是一個我們所有人在某種形式上都經歷過的迷人過程。
    所以,這個 XY 我們通常認為會促進胎兒的男性化。我們這樣說是因為在 Y 染色體上,有基因,它們具有特定功能,可以抑制女性生殖器官的形成。因此,在 Y 染色體上,有一個基因編碼一種叫做米勒管抑制荷爾蒙(Mullerian inhibiting hormone)的物質。因此,Y 染色體實際上編程了一種荷爾蒙,抑制米勒管的形成,而米勒管是女性生殖器官的重要部分。這至關重要,因為我們已經看到從染色體(Y 染色體)到性腺的過渡。Y 染色體上的其他基因促進睾丸的形成。
    所以,像 SRY 基因和其他基因這樣的物質促進睾丸的形成,同時它們也抑制米勒管的形成。從染色體性別到性腺性別的過渡是一個非常重要的區別。這是一個在發育早期發生的叉路口,當胎兒仍然處於胚胎階段。因此,我們必須區分染色體性別、性腺性別,然後還有我們所稱的荷爾蒙性別,即類固醇荷爾蒙(雌激素和睾酮及其衍生物)對我們所稱的形態學性別的影響,或人類嬰兒的形態及生殖器官、下顎及其他所有這些東西。因此,實際上這是相當複雜的。從染色體到性別認同的距離很遠,而性別認同有很多社會影響和角色。這是一個目前非常動態並且在討論中的領域,你們都知道。
    但從染色體性別到我們所稱的性腺性別、荷爾蒙性別和形態學性別的過程涉及多個步驟。因此,今天我們將討論這些步驟,這裡有一些確實與工具相關,確實與一些重要的行為選擇相關。重要的選擇是懷孕期間應當避免的事情。如果你還沒有懷孕,則應考慮將來有孩子時應當避免的事情。這不是要將發展推向某個方向或另一個方向,而是有一些環境中有害的東西實際上會對我們所稱的整體性別發展產生負面影響,而不論染色體背景如何。那麼,讓我們開始吧。
    我想先稍作休息,感謝我們的一位贊助商,Function。去年,我在尋找最全面的實驗室檢測方法時成為了 Function 的成員。
    功能提供了超過100項先進的實驗室測試,讓您獲得整體身體健康的關鍵快照。這個快照提供了關於心臟健康、荷爾蒙健康、免疫功能、營養水平等許多方面的見解。他們最近還增加了檢測有害塑料中BPA暴露及PFAS(永久性化學物質)等毒素的測試。
    功能不僅提供超過100項關鍵於身心健康的生物標記檢測,還分析這些結果並提供來自專業醫生的見解。他們都是相關領域的專家。例如,在我與功能的第一次測試中,我發現我的血液中汞含量偏高。功能不僅幫助我檢測到這一點,還提供了降低汞含量的最佳方法見解,包括限制鮪魚的攝入—我之前吃了很多鮪魚—同時努力吃更多的綠葉蔬菜,以及補充NAC和乙酰半胱氨酸,這兩者都能支持谷胱甘肽的生成和排毒。我要說的是,透過第二次的功能測試,這種方法奏效了。
    全面的血液檢測是至關重要的。心理和身體健康中許多事情只能通過血液測試來檢測。問題在於,血液檢測一直都非常昂貴且複雜。相比之下,我對功能的簡單性和費用水平感到非常印象深刻。它非常實惠。因此,我決定加入他們的科學顧問委員會,並且我很高興他們贊助了這個播客。如果您想試試功能,您可以訪問 functionhealth.com/huberman。功能目前的候補名單已經超過250,000人,但他們為Huberman播客聽眾提供早期訪問機會。一遍遍提醒,您可以到 functionhealth.com/huberman 以獲得功能的早期訪問。
    讓我們再談談荷爾蒙的作用。荷爾蒙通常有兩類影響。它們可以是非常迅速的,也可以是非常緩慢的。有些荷爾蒙如皮質醇和腎上腺素,作用非常迅速。然後還有像我們所謂的睪酮和雌激素這樣的荷爾蒙,我們稱之為性類固醇荷爾蒙。這些分子,對於那些有興趣的人來說,被稱為脂溶性,意味著它們喜歡脂肪物質。它們實際上可以穿透脂肪膜。由於細胞的外部,以及被稱為核包膜的區域——所有的DNA內容與其他物質都被裝在裡面——都是由脂質和脂肪構成的,因此這些類固醇荷爾蒙實際上可以進入細胞並與細胞的DNA互動,以控制基因表達。因此,它們能改變細胞會成為什麼樣的事物,還能改變細胞的長期功能。這實際上是像SRY基因和米勒管抑制激素的存在,導致米勒管的減少或消失,促進男性的沃爾夫管發展,或促進睪丸的發展,而不是卵巢。
    所以您需要知道的是,荷爾蒙有短期和長期的影響,而長期的影響實際上與它們對基因的影響有關,還有這些基因是如何被表達或抑制,以防止它們產生特定的蛋白質。因此,這些荷爾蒙,這些類固醇荷爾蒙,極其強大。如果我們要討論男性化、女性化等話題,您也需要考慮到對應的情況。這不僅僅是關於男性化身體或女性化身體和大腦。很多情況下,也涉及到男性大腦的去男性化作為正常的生物過程,通常是XX女性的情況,以及去女性化,抑制與身體和大腦女性化相關的某些通路。
    所以我剛才給您提供了大量的生物學知識。但是這一切開始變得非常出乎意料。您可能認為這是簡單明瞭的,對嗎?您有一條Y染色體。您壓抑女性生殖通路,如米勒指數。您促進睪丸的發展,然後睪丸產生睪酮。然後它使大腦朝男性化的方向發展,並希望進行男性化的行為。而在女性身上,您獲得雌激素,它也希望進行女性化的行為,這裡對所有這些都要加上引號。但實際上,情況根本不是這樣。
    這裡是有趣的地方。您必須理解,這些荷爾蒙,睪酮和雌激素,對所謂的主要性特徵有影響。這些是您出生時就具備的特徵;而次要性特徵則是青春期出現的,這些都發生在大腦、身體和脊髓中。因此,我將通過一些例子為您分解這一切。首先,我們來談談出生時出現的主要性特徵的發展。其中一個更戲劇性的例子是睪酮在外生殖器發育中的角色。事實證明,並不是睪酮負責發育擁有X染色體和Y染色體的嬰兒的陰莖,而是另一種雄性激素。睪酮只是一類荷爾蒙的分類,但在胎兒中睪酮會轉化為一種稱為二氫睪酮(dihydrotestosterone, DHT)的物質。而這是通過一種叫做5-α還原酶的酶來實現的。二氫睪酮是我們所稱的男性主導雄性激素。它負責攻擊性,負責很大部分的肌肉力量,並參與鬍鬚生長和雄性型脫髮。所有這些我們都會談到。但二氫睪酮在胎兒仍然是胚胎的時候對生殖器的形成有著強大的影響。
    下面是文本的繁體中文翻譯:
    因此,體內會產生睾酮,這種睾酮會被一種名為5-α還原酶的酶轉化,這個酶的作用發生在一個叫做腫塊的小結構中。該腫塊最終會發展成為陰莖。所以你會說,“好,這很直接。這種睾酮被轉換為二氫睾酮,然後如果有二氫睾酮,它就會控制陰莖的生長。”事實上,確實如此。這是一種主要的性別特徵。這個嬰兒將長大,之後在青春期時會釋放一種分子。我在上集裡提到過這個分子,叫做Kispeptin,K-I-S-S-P-E-P-T-I-N,Kispeptin,它會導致一些其他荷爾蒙的釋放。釋放賀爾蒙、黃體生成素會刺激睾丸產生睾酮。因此,在青春期,睾酮促進陰莖的進一步生長和發展,以及陰毛的增生、聲音變深等所有次要性別特徵。
    在1970年代,科學期刊上發表了一個非常有趣的現象,現在有大量的科學數據支持這一點。這與基因突變有關,即5-α還原酶,這種將睾酮轉化為二氫睾酮的酶不存在。它發生了突變,這種情況首次是在多米尼加共和國被識別出來。發生的情況是,嬰兒出生時,如果你看看那個嬰兒,會看起來像女孩。幾乎沒有或根本沒有外部陰莖。觀察到的是,隨著時間推移,那個嬰兒在作為女孩撫養長大後,到了11、12或13歲時,會開始長出陰莖。這種情況有個名字,叫做Juevedosis,翻譯過來大致是12歲長陰莖。儘管這聽起來很奇怪,但如果你理解其背後的突變,就會明白它的意義。
    在這些Juevedosis的孩子中,嬰兒出生時擁有未下降的睾丸,因此在體內,他們無法將睾酮轉換為二氫睾酮,因為他們缺少5-α還原酶。結果,外部男性生殖器(陰莖)的主要性別特徵無法發育。隨著嬰兒的成長,睾酮開始從睾丸分泌,因為腦部的chispeptin通過促性腺激素和黃體生成素發出信號,傳送到睾丸。睾丸開始產生睾酮,於是陰莖開始二次性生長,突然間,陰莖出現了。這裡的重要點是,負責陰莖主要生長的是二氫睾酮,而不是睾酮,並且後來睾酮參與了次要性別特徵的發展,如音調加深等。
    現在,這裡的資訊變得更加有趣,並且基本上適用於每個人。你可能會認為,因為睾酮是以次要性別特徵的方式使身體男性化,而二氫睾酮是另類雄激素,使主要性別特徵(早期陰莖生長)男性化,睾酮一定也會使大腦男性化。但大腦的男性化並不是由睾酮來完成的,而是由雌激素來完成。睾酮可以被一種名為芳香化酶的酶轉化為雌激素。大腦中有神經元可以生成芳香化酶,並將睾酮轉化為雌激素。換句話說,男性化XY個體的大腦是由雌激素來進行的,而不是睾酮或二氫睾酮。
    我想快點休息一下,然後介紹一下我們的一位贊助商——Our Place。Our Place製造我最喜歡的鍋、平底鍋和其他廚具。令人驚訝的是,像PFAS(永久化學物質)這樣的有毒化合物仍然在80%的不粘鍋以及餐具、電器和無數其他廚房產品中發現。之前我在這個播客上討論過,PFAS或類似特氟龍的永久化學物質已經與內分泌干擾有關,這意味著荷爾蒙干擾、腸道微生物群干擾、生育問題,以及許多其他健康問題。因此,避免它們真的很重要。這就是為什麼我最近對Our Place的產品愛不釋手,特別是他們的一款炊具,鈦合金萬能煎鍋。Our Place的產品使用最高質量的材料,並且完全不含PFAS和其他毒素。它們設計精美,功能極佳,滿足你所有的烹飪需求。我大多數早上在裡面煮雞蛋、牛肉末、鹿肉末,而鈦合金鍋的設計也使雞蛋和肉可以完美地煮熟,且不會粘鍋。它非常容易清洗,像所有Our Place的產品一樣,當放在檯面或爐灶上時,還很好看。Our Place正在限時提供一個獨家20%的折扣,針對其創新的鈦合金萬能煎鍋,這款鍋旨在持久使用且完全無毒。請訪問FromOurPlace.com/Huberman並使用代碼SAVEHuberman20以獲得優惠。憑藉100天無風險的試用期、免費送貨和免費退貨,你可以零風險地體驗這款極好的廚具。
    今天的節目還由BetterHelp贊助。BetterHelp提供專業的線上治療,由註冊治療師提供。我已經做了超過30年的每週治療。最初我沒有選擇,這是我能夠繼續上學的條件,但不久我意識到治療對整體健康是極其重要的組成部分。
    事實上,我認為規律的心理治療和定期運動一樣重要,包括心血管運動和抗阻訓練,這些我當然每週也會進行。優秀的治療通常可以提供三樣東西。首先,它能夠建立與某位可以信賴的人之間的良好關係,你可以向他討論所有你擔心的問題。其次,它可以提供情感支持或針對性的指導。第三,專業的治療能夠提供有用的見解。透過 BetterHelp,你可以輕鬆找到與你契合的專家治療師,並獲得高效治療所帶來的那些好處。此外,由於 BetterHelp 允許完全在線上進行治療,非常省時。這很容易融入繁忙的日程中,不用通勤到治療師的辦公室,也不需要坐在候診室等候。你只需要在線上進行預約。如果你想試試 BetterHelp,請訪問 betterhelp.com/huberman 獲得首個月 10% 的折扣。再說一次,網址是 betterhelp.com/huberman。
    我想提到一些工具。也許你會問,為什麼在我們討論性發展和身體組織分化的這一階段,工具會被提及?其實這對於孩子、父母及成年人都是事實。我想強調的是,環境中的某些因素以及人們所使用的東西,實際上會影響荷爾蒙水平,並以相當深刻的方式影響性發展。我想非常明確地表示,這不是我從某本我從未聽過的稀有期刊中引述的,而是來自教科書的內容,今天我引導討論的許多材料來自 Randy Nelson 和 Lance Crickfield 的《行為內分泌學》一書,他們在這個領域是當之無愧的專家。我會提到來自加州大學伯克利分校的 Tyrone Hayes 關於環境毒素及其對睾酮和雌激素等事物影響的研究。我會稍微觸及這些內容。我會提供一些基於研究的軼事證據,這些證據會在說明中提供,或者我會在此提及。當一個人開始談論環境因素,說它們在毒害我們或破壞生長或生育率時,聽起來可能有點瘋狂,但當你開始實際查看一些真實數據時,狀況就會有所不同。所謂的數據來自由聯邦政府資助的優質研究實驗室,而不是從那些真正旨在了解基礎生物學的公司或其他來源所得出的資料。為此,我們都應該感謝來自加州大學伯克利分校的 Tyrone Hayes。我記得在90年代末,我還是加州大學伯克利分校的研究生時,他正在研究青蛙,討論這些生活在不同水域中的青蛙的發育缺陷,這些水域來自加州,也來自其他地方。他發現一種物質在很多國家的水道中存在,這種物質包含在許多雜草藥中,並且不僅限於加州,這種物質就是阿特拉津(Atrazine),这是一种教材上常見的成分。它會導致嚴重的睾丸畸形。所以再次強調, 接觸阿特拉津是非常嚴重的。有趣的是,如果你查看數據,你會發現,在美國西部和中部的某些地點,10%到92%的雄性青蛙,這些都是青蛙,睾丸有異常。最嚴重的睾丸畸形發生在睾丸本身,而不是在精子中。因此,問題出在器官本身,性腺本身。
    現在,人們已經非常清楚阿特拉津在許多雜草藥中是存在的。因此,在80年代和90年代,關於雜草藥及其負面影響的討論被視為類似嬉皮風格的內容,或者是你在當地農貿市場和新紀元社區中聽到的東西。如今,來自主要大學的聯邦資助實驗室的數據非常可靠,經過同行評審並發表在優秀的期刊上,顯示確實許多這些雜草藥對於影響母體或睾丸中荷爾蒙比例有負面影響,進而改變了父親的睾丸或對發育中的年輕動物,甚至潛在人類產生直接影響。
    所以你要問,那人類呢?青蛙是很棒的,但人類呢?這裡有關人類現狀的數據,並且其中不全是可怕的內容。我們也會討論一些可以改善或抵消這些影響的工具,這取決於你的需求。但在整個人類群體中,精子計數確實在下降,好嗎?在1940年,平均每毫升精液的精子密度是1.13億。這就是它的測量方式。每毫升精液有多少精子?到1990年,這個數字下降到6600萬,即從美國和西歐的1.13億降至6600萬。因此,這不僅僅是美國的問題。研究人員還估計,在這段時間內,男性所產生的精液體積下降了20%,每次射精的精子計數也進一步降低。因此,在1981年至1991年間,正常生成精子的比例從56.4%下降至66.9%。這一切都在發生,主要是因為這些廣泛使用的雜草藥,導致精子計數下降。這將會對精子計數產生深遠的影響,並影響性腺和大腦層面上的性發展,因為你需要睾酮來生成二氫睾酮,進而產生主要性徵。
    你需要的雌激素是來自睪固酮,以便讓大腦男性化,當然,我們不僅僅專注於精子和睪固酮。你當然還知道,許多這些除草劑以類似的方式干擾雌激素,這可能解釋了為什麼現在年輕女孩的青春期來得如此之早。因此,有很多事情在發生。
    那麼,這是否意味著你必須四處奔跑,神經質地避免接觸像阿特拉津這樣的東西,並且應該避免所有類型的除草劑?我不知道,這要看你自己的選擇,但這些在動物研究和人類研究中似乎確實有相當明顯的影響。
    那麼,讓我們談談女性性發展。像往常一樣,我們將先談談正常的生物學,然後我們再討論一些特殊或不尋常的案例。但我們討論這些案例是因為它們能夠說明在典型情況下事物運作的重要原則。
    有一種突變被稱為雄激素不敏感症。了解雄激素不敏感症的運作方式可以讓你真正理解激素如何影響性發展。這是它的運作方式:有些個體是XY,即他們有一條Y染色體,生下來就能產生睪固酮。他們有睪丸,並且沒有瘧疾指數,因為Y染色體上有這種抑制瘧疾的激素。然而,這些個體看起來完全是女性。通常,他們會報告在年輕時覺得自己是女孩,年長時覺得自己是女性。但這些個體身上發生了一些不尋常的事情,因為他們的染色體型別是XY而不是XX。
    那麼,發生了什麼呢?發生的是,睪丸產生睪固酮,但睪固酮的受體發生了突變。因此,睪丸永遠不會下降。他們沒有卵巢,只有睪丸,但睪丸是在體內的。因此,這些個體通常會發現自己實際上是XY染色體,所以他們的染色體性別是男性,假如你這麼說的話。而他們的性腺性別也是男性。但性腺,即睪丸是在身體內部,並且他們實際上不會發展出陰囊,也不會生成卵巢。當他們在青春期周圍沒有月經時,這是一個徵兆,表明有些事情是不同的。所以他們在青春期周圍從未月經。如果他們深入研究這個問題,你會發現他們實際上是XY染色體。他們製造睪固酮,但他們的身體無法利用睪固酮,因為他們沒有受體。而受體對於我們之前談到的大多數第二性徵(如體毛、青春期的陰莖生長等)至關重要。
    因此,再次強調,我們討論這個問題是為了說明一個原則,即為了發揮其效果,激素不僅必須存在,實際上還必須能夠結合其受體並對目標細胞採取行動。了解雌激素和睪固酮如何影響大腦的男性化或女性化的最簡單方法來自我同事在斯坦福醫學院發表的一篇摘要的結尾語句,即雌激素,確切地說,是由芳香化酶將睪固酮芳香化而來的雌激素,建立了包括動物和人類在內的男性性行為和領土行為的男性性行為庫。
    因此,雌激素在大腦中建立電路,睪固酮則控制這些行為在生命後期的展現。我發現這非常有趣。你會認為睪固酮做一件事,而雌激素做另一件事,但事實證明,自然比這更有趣。
    我想快速休息一下,感謝我們的贊助商,AG1。AG1是一種維他命礦物質益生菌飲品,還包含益生元和適應原。作為一位參與研究科學近三十年且在健康與健身方面有同樣經歷的人,我不斷尋找最佳工具來改善我的心理健康、身體健康和表現。我在2012年就發現了AG1,那時我甚至還沒有播客,並且不知道播客是什麼。從那時起,我每天都有在服用,發現AG1極大改善了我健康的各個方面。我在服用時感覺非常好。AG1使用最高品質的成分以合適的組合,並且不斷改進他們的配方而不提高成本。每當有人問我,如果只能選擇一種補充劑,那會是什麼時,我總是回答AG1。
    如果你想嘗試AG1,可以訪問drinkag1.com/huberman以獲得特別優惠。目前他們正在贈送五包免費旅行包和一年供應的維他命D3K2。同樣地,這是drinkag1.com/huberman以獲得特別優惠。
    好吧,影響性發展的事情有哪些呢?在生命早期和後期的影響?讓我們談談大麻。讓我們談談酒精。首先,大麻, marijuana,THC。有許多研究指出,THC和大麻中的其他成分促進芳香化酶活性的顯著增加。吸食大麻的人可能不會喜歡這個消息,尤其是男性吸食者不會喜歡,但這是現實。事情是這樣的,並不清楚是THC本身還是大麻植物中的其他成分促進了芳香化酶活性。
    現在,這在經驗上已經得到了觀察,吸食大麻的人發展出我之前提到的乳腺發育(男乳症)的情況的比例更高。早些時候我提到了,雌激素是如何在子宮中使男性大腦男性化的。
    那是對的,但大麻似乎的作用方式,至少根據我能找到的研究,表明它促進體內的循環雌激素,因此可以抵消像睾酮和二氫睾酮在原發和次級性特徵上的一些男性化影響。我提到這一點是因為我認為現今大麻的使用已經變得更加普遍,尤其是在青春期,它對這些荷爾蒙系統可能有深遠的影響。因此,我們將做另一集深入探討這一話題,但確實,大麻通過增加芳香化酶來促進雌激素活性。
    大多數人都能理解,懷孕期間飲酒對發育中的胎兒並不好。胎兒酒精綜合征是懷孕中已知的負面結果之一,對認知有非常不好的影響。事實上,還會導致身體畸形等等。因此,懷孕期間飲酒不好。青春期期間喝酒可能也不好,因為酒精,尤其是某些啤酒類的穀物酒精,會增加雌激素活性。這不僅僅是保護年輕男孩免受雌激素活性的影響,還是保護女孩免受青春期期間酒精過量或低雌激素影響。
    許多青少年會喝酒,很多大學生也會,重要的是要指出青春期不是某一天開始,某一天結束。青春期有開始、有中期和結束,但發展是我們整個生命週期的過程。好吧,我們已經談到大麻,也談到酒精,現在來談談手機。首先,我使用手機。我經常使用它,我不認為它們是邪惡的設備。我認為它們需要一些自律,以確保它不會在生活中成為負面力量。因此,我個人限制了我在手機上,尤其是在社交媒體上的使用時間,但手機本身呢?
    當我還是初級教授、任期前的早期教授時,我上過一門關於神經迴路與健康及疾病的課程,其中一位學生問我:「手機對大腦是安全的嗎?」所有數據都指向安全,或者至少沒有數據表明不安全。坦白說,我仍然沒有這方面的答案。我不認為有任何高質量的同行評審研究顯示手機對大腦有害,或是將手機放在耳邊有害,或藍牙有害,等等。我真的不知道有任何高質量的研究。然而,我對一項於2013年發表的研究非常感興趣,它是關於老鼠的。這項研究基本上是將一部手機放在老鼠的籠子下,觀察老鼠的睾丸和卵巢發育,發現卵巢和睾丸發育存在輕微但仍具有統計意義的缺陷。
    從那時起,現在回顧文獻,我看到了一個絕對的研究激增,其中一些發表在優質期刊上,而另一些則不在我所稱之為的藍帶期刊中,這些研究表明僅僅接觸手機發出的波浪就可能導致睾丸和/或卵巢的發育缺陷。我們可以這樣稱呼它。我們不知道它們是什麼,這聽起來幾乎瘋狂,對吧?每當有人開始談論電磁場之類的東西時,會讓人擔心:「這個人還好嗎?」但看看文獻,它指向了一個方向,即女性生殖器長時間接觸手機可能會在細胞層面和產出方面產生嚴重問題。
    睾丸的產出將是精子產生、游泳速度,而精子健康是一個重要特徵。在卵巢中,則是雌激素產出,周期的規律性。根據文獻,可以公平地說手機發出的波浪對生殖腺的發展有影響。問題是,手機與生殖腺的距離有多近?所以對這類研究需要保持懷疑。
    有一些有趣的荷爾蒙效應可以從人們的外部觀察到,這告訴你不僅是他們的荷爾蒙水平,還有他們潛在的基因。這些與鬍鬚生長和脫髮有關,非常有趣。二氫睾酮(DHT)這種從睾酮轉化而來的荷爾蒙,主要負責面部毛髮和鬍鬚的生長。同時,它也是主要導致頭髮稀少和掉髮的荷爾蒙。
    不偶然地,旨在防止脫髮的藥物是五α還原酶抑制劑。還記得五α還原酶從主流研究中嗎?發現五α還原酶的人進行了許多關於這種非常有趣的分子二氫睾酮的基礎生物化學研究,識別出五α還原酶和五α還原酶抑制劑是大多數脫髮治療的基礎。
    這裡有一些有趣的事情。首先,這些脫髮治療的副作用在許多個體中是相當嚴重的。記住,DHT是性慾、力量和結締組織修復的主要雄性激素,對於攻擊性也是如此,雖然那種攻擊性當然受到控制,但某種程度上的野心和攻擊性是與多巴胺有關的。但在睾酮通路中,純睾酮的影響較小,儘管純睾酮還是有其影響,但DHT在包括人類在內的靈長類動物中,對這些作用是主要雄性激素。如果你看看一個人,每個人都可以根據他們的外貌預測他們是否會變禿,這基於我們總是被教導要看他們母親的一方。
    因此,如果你母親的父親是禿頭的,則你變得禿頭的可能性會更高。頭皮上的DHT受體模式將決定你是會在所有地方都變禿,還是僅僅在前面或是冠狀型禿頭。而鬍鬚的密度則告訴你DHT受體的密度。這在不同的背景和基因背景下會有所不同。世界上有些地方的男性似乎都有相同的禿頭模式,例如頭頂中間一條光禿禿的帶子,兩側則仍然有頭髮,且有濃密的鬍鬚。這是因為這些DHT受體模式是基因決定的。在其他地方,睾酮水平可能仍然很高,血液中的DHT水平也可能很高,但人們的鬍鬚卻非常稀疏或沒有鬍鬚,這是因為他們的臉上並沒有很多DHT受體。DHT的許多影響可以在男性的表現型中看到。有趣的是,這些防止掉髮的藥物確實是專門針對防止睾酮轉化為雙氫睾酮的,因此在某程度上能夠防止掉髮,但也在某程度上帶來一堆與低DHT相關的副作用。
    我想跟你講一個關於土狼與陰蒂大小與陰莖的故事。當我在加州大學伯克利分校讀研究生時,我們系上有一位傑出的科學家,名叫史提夫·格利克曼(Steve Glickman)。史提夫·格利克曼有一群土狼,斑點土狼,牠們生活在加州大學伯克利校園後方的廷登公園裡的圍欄中。現在這裡已經沒有土狼了。土狼的身體、激素和社會結構展現了令人難以置信的特徵。與許多物種不同,土狼的性器有著一種情況,即雄性陰莖實際上比雌性陰蒂小。我應該說,經過看過很多土狼的陰莖後,並不特別小,這意味著土狼的陰蒂極其巨大。這一點已經為人所知相當一段時間。事實上,在斑點土狼中,雌性主導。在獵物被捕後,雌性會先吃,然後她的幼崽會吃,最後雄性土狼會吃。此外,當雌性土狼分娩時,她並不是通過我們習慣所見的陰道分娩,而是經過一個非常擴大的陰蒂狀的陰莖(雖然它實際上不是陰莖,而是陰蒂),並且它會字面上裂開。因此,在土狼的發育和分娩過程中,許多胎兒會死亡。小土狼實際上是穿過組織出生的,這是一個非常創傷性的分娩。雌性土狼為何會有這種會被稱為男性化的現象,這一直是一個謎,但實際上是性器周圍的雄性化。經過史提夫·格利克曼、克里斯廷·德雷等人所做的許多細緻研究,得知這涉及一種有趣的物質,稱為雙烯二醇(dione),這是一種睾酮的前體。雌性土狼會產生極高水平的有趣雙烯二醇,這使得牠們的性器擴大。
    因此如果你想了解有趣雙烯二醇,它是通過一種酶,即17β羥基類固醇脫氫酶而轉化為睾酮。這是一個聽起來複雜的路徑,但在生化上其實是相當直接的。你可能記得在90年代和2000年代,棒球大聯盟在運動增強藥物醜聞中發生過很多事件,有人聲稱,當時的主要濫用運動增強藥物,尤其是一些我們不會提及名字的球員,據說是有趣雙烯二醇。
    最後一個小插曲,這也在科學文獻中發表過,這很奇怪,但我覺得有趣,激素是如此引人入勝,對我來說真的很不可思議,回到大麻植物。你知道,大麻植物有著這些雌激素特性。我問一位植物生物學家這是否不尋常,但這位植物生物學家告訴我,哦,是的,有些植物會產生實質上等同於睾酮的東西,例如松樹花粉,它看起來非常像睾酮,還有其他植物會生成實質上是雌激素的東西,我就問,那為什麼它們會這麼做?他說,一些植物演化出這種能力以提高在食用這些植物的動物中的雌激素水平,這些動物不是在吸食大麻,而是消費它們,我猜動物不會吸食大麻,但如果你聽說過這方面的研究,請發給我,因為植物已經找到了方法,適應性地引發對食用它們的動物種群的反擊。因此,植物涉及一種植物對動物的戰爭,透過提高該種群中雄性的雌激素水平來降低精子數量,這樣就可以使這些動植物能夠繼續繁榮。
    我覺得這種互動非常迷人,因此激素不僅影響個體內的組織生長和發展,以及母親之間的關係,記得,胎盤作為內分泌器官與後代之間的關係,而且植物和動物之間也存在溝通。因此這是一個迷人的生物學領域,正如你今天所注意到的,這一切都與當前關於性別及其數量等的爭議無關。那是一個獨立的對話,根據我們今天正在討論的概念來看,必須考慮到性別以及激素對身體和大腦的影響等各方面的因素。
    我們沒有多談到脊髓,但我們會在下一集討論。不過我們可以談談大腦和周邊系統的早期影響、晚期影響和急性影響,這些影響是指在荷爾蒙水平快速上升或下降時絶對會在月經週期中發生的情況,以及這些荷爾蒙對基因表達的長期影響。
    所以今天,和往常一樣,我們無法涵蓋所有與性、荷爾蒙和性別區分或發展相關的內容。我們不可能做到,但我們已經討論了許多材料。因此,我再次想感謝你與我一起踏上這段神經科學的旅程,今天是神經內分泌學,並且一如既往地感謝你對科學的興趣。
    (歡快的音樂)
    (吉他音樂)

    In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explain the crucial role hormones play in shaping the sexual development of both the brain and body.

    I discuss how biological masculinization and feminization depend on factors such as genetics, hormone ratios, and receptor availability. I also explore how hormones like testosterone, estrogen, and other steroid hormones influence sexual characteristics and brain development. Additionally, I examine the impact of environmental factors—such as herbicides like atrazine, cannabis, alcohol, and even cell phones—on hormone function and reproductive health.

    Huberman Lab Essentials are short episodes (approximately 30 minutes) focused on key science and protocol takeaways from past Huberman Lab episodes. Essentials are released every Thursday, while full-length episodes continue to be released every Monday.

    Read the full episode show notes, including referenced articles, resources, and people mentioned at hubermanlab.com.

    This Huberman Lab Essentials episode is from the full-length episode, available here: https://go.hubermanlab.com/PQYuc9i

    Thank you to our sponsors

    AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman

    Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman

    Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman

    BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman

    Timestamps

    00:00:00 Huberman Lab Essentials; Hormones, Sexual Development

    00:01:25 Chromosomal Sex, Gonadal Sex, Hormonal Sex, Morphology

    00:06:08 Sponsor: Function

    00:07:56 Steroid Hormones, Sexual Characteristics

    00:10:59 Primary & Secondary Sexual Characteristics, Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), Kisspeptin

    00:15:12 Masculinization of Brain, Estrogen

    00:16:29 Sponsors: Our Place, BetterHelp

    00:19:15 Herbicides, Atrazine, Hormone Effects, Sperm Counts

    00:25:04 Female Sexual Development, Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

    00:28:37 Sponsor: AG1

    00:29:41 Cannabis & Aromatase Activity, Gynecomastia; Alcohol & Estrogen Activity

    00:32:34 Cell Phones & Gonads

    00:35:24 Beard & Hair Growth, DHT

    00:38:42 Hyenas, Hormones, Androstenedione; Plants

    00:43:44 Recap & Key Takeaways

    Disclaimer & Disclosures

  • Male Addiction in the Digital Age — with Dr. K

    AI transcript
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    0:01:43 >> Episode 336, 336 is the area covering North Carolina.
    0:01:47 In 1936, the first superhero to wear a skin tight Cosman mask,
    0:01:51 the Phantom, appeared in newspaper comic strips.
    0:01:52 Choose to wear it.
    0:01:57 My premature ejaculation problem started with my other half dressed up as a superhero.
    0:02:00 Before I knew it, I came in a flash.
    0:02:03 Oh, God, it’s all gonna end soon.
    0:02:06 Go, go, go!
    0:02:15 [MUSIC]
    0:02:19 >> Welcome to the 336th episode of The Prodigy Pod, what’s happening?
    0:02:23 Back in London, after a short stint, I went to, what did I go?
    0:02:26 I went to Disney World for a speaking gig, and then I went to New York.
    0:02:29 Had to get three or four nights there, saw a bunch of friends, went out.
    0:02:31 Probably drank a little too much.
    0:02:33 Well, daddy went deep in the paint one night, I’ve been trying to drink a lot less.
    0:02:38 I’m trying to cut my alcohol consumption by 40 to 60%.
    0:02:42 And I think I’m hovering somewhere between, I think I’ve reduced it somewhere between 20 and 30,
    0:02:44 but I’m on a roll now.
    0:02:47 And I have been feeling better, I have been, or less bad, I should say.
    0:02:48 I feel less bad.
    0:02:52 I was about to take a run in Regent’s Park before I did this pod.
    0:02:56 I’m starting to run a little bit, and of course I ran out of time.
    0:03:01 There’s one couple lessons I’ve taken away from previous podcasts.
    0:03:05 I did a podcast with Mel Robbins when I interviewed her for my pod.
    0:03:10 So she said something that struck me, and that is I do away with the stall or
    0:03:14 the time or the gap between deciding or thinking you should do something and doing it.
    0:03:16 I used to be really good at this.
    0:03:19 I used to think, oh, I need to go work out.
    0:03:22 And as soon as I thought that, I tried to force myself to get up and
    0:03:23 put on my clothes and go work out.
    0:03:27 Otherwise, I would start watching TV or eating and delaying.
    0:03:29 And I find a lot now I delay.
    0:03:33 And I need to get back to this notion of having, being a little less thoughtful.
    0:03:39 So I think around things like action, have a tendency to just move to action.
    0:03:43 Oh, I need, I want to write something that, we’ll just start writing, right?
    0:03:45 And around things that you think are a good intention.
    0:03:50 When you think, I think a lot about, I want to express to someone that they’re
    0:03:51 an impressive person.
    0:03:53 I know someone who has a podcast.
    0:03:57 I don’t know them very well, but I saw a clip of them and I thought, that’s so smart.
    0:04:00 So what I’m trying to do, I thought I should really tell them the next time I see
    0:04:04 them that that was a really interesting segment and how impressed I am by them.
    0:04:06 And instead, I thought, no, just text them now.
    0:04:07 Move to now, move to now.
    0:04:13 Think, mind the gap between your emotions, your positive sentiments, action, and
    0:04:15 actually doing something.
    0:04:19 We also have been, or I also have been thinking a lot about strategy.
    0:04:24 And that is, I’ve had some discussions and I want to use what’s going on in the
    0:04:25 government right now.
    0:04:31 And what I would describe is a strange, if not illegal seizure or I think it’s
    0:04:36 trespassing and a hacking of our government systems to kind of stop payments
    0:04:38 and then negotiate where we should cut funding.
    0:04:43 I think the notion around cutting funding is a really valuable conversation.
    0:04:45 There’s obviously waste in government.
    0:04:50 They don’t have to face, put their feet to the flames of the private sector.
    0:04:52 They never effectively run out of money.
    0:04:55 Companies can borrow money, but at some point they run out of money.
    0:04:58 Whereas the government, especially the US government, is blessed and to a certain
    0:05:02 extent cursed a little bit, mostly blessed with the ability to keep printing money.
    0:05:06 So it likely doesn’t have the same discipline around managing its house
    0:05:09 in a kind of prudent fiscal manner as evidenced by the fact that we’re spending
    0:05:12 $7 trillion a year on $5 trillion in tax revenues.
    0:05:13 So I’m down with that.
    0:05:18 I think we should have an open and honest conversation around the department of education.
    0:05:20 Like what value does it add?
    0:05:21 Should it be reformed?
    0:05:23 It sort of enhance it, don’t eliminate it.
    0:05:28 I think it’s probably the right approach, but it’s a worthwhile conversation.
    0:05:32 The question is, should we be having this conversation with a gun pointed to our heads,
    0:05:36 with a bunch of very talented young men who, in my opinion, are trespassing in federal
    0:05:39 buildings? So a lot of people would say you’re not trespassing if you’re made
    0:05:44 a legitimate employee by the full faith of the White House, and then going in and without any
    0:05:49 sort of congressional oversight or approval under the auspices of an individual who has
    0:05:53 absolutely not been vetted by the US government to go in and make decisions around.
    0:05:54 They’re not even decisions.
    0:05:56 They’re like, we’re cutting off payments.
    0:05:59 Now let’s start the negotiation, which literally is holding a gun to someone’s head and saying,
    0:06:01 okay, let’s have a negotiation.
    0:06:08 So the question is, how do you get leverage here and how do you punch back when Republicans
    0:06:14 control all three houses of government? You’re now the opposition party, and what do you do?
    0:06:17 Because something I’ve struggled with my entire career is the difference between
    0:06:18 being right and being effective.
    0:06:22 And whether or not you think this is a good idea or a bad idea, and I can understand it,
    0:06:26 sort of tickles the sensors of people to think, government’s just gotten so out of control
    0:06:29 that them going in and kind of breaking some eggs, if you will.
    0:06:32 I think that appeals to a lot of people, and I can understand that.
    0:06:36 The question is, one, is it the right way to go about it?
    0:06:41 Are we setting a precedent where once the Democrats get in control of all three houses,
    0:06:43 they’re going to start just randomly shutting shit off?
    0:06:50 I mean, does this just enter into a downward spiral where the standard institutional processes
    0:06:55 of democracy just kind of go down the drain from both sides, and both sides ignore each other?
    0:06:58 There used to be a certain level of mutual respect, that’s gone.
    0:07:02 Now, of the mind, it kind of needs to go to mutual destruction.
    0:07:06 How I think you want to think about negotiations is, one, where you have leverage,
    0:07:10 and two, where the pressure points on the other party should you ever enter into this type of
    0:07:14 hostile negotiation. And the pressure points, I think, are the following.
    0:07:21 One, I think this is all about money, and that is, if you want to get leverage against Trump,
    0:07:24 you’re going to have to get leverage against Musk right now, because he’s kind of the heat
    0:07:29 shield doing all the dirty work here. Musk is about money, and I think if you want leverage
    0:07:32 against Musk, you have to go after the purse just the way they’re going after the purse
    0:07:37 of these government programs. And it’s already sort of happening in Europe.
    0:07:44 It is striking what’s happening to Tesla sales. Get this, the annual year-on-year change of Tesla
    0:07:53 vehicles in France is off 63% in Germany, 60%, Sweden 44, Norway 38 in the UK 8.
    0:07:58 I believe the EV mark is actually down 6%. But this is essentially a meltdown.
    0:08:05 But if you wanted to send a message to Musk, or if they wanted to send a message to Democrats,
    0:08:09 because I think Democrats are just as obsessed with money as evidenced by the fact that our
    0:08:14 Speaker Emerita continues to engage in insider trading.
    0:08:19 Another talk show, another talk show, I think we’d be going after money. And instead of screaming
    0:08:24 into TikTok, we’re showing up at federal buildings and waving your cane at people and saying,
    0:08:30 we’re members of Congress. What could you do? I would suggest that you go after the purse,
    0:08:33 and that is trying to figure out a way to communicate to people that they shouldn’t
    0:08:37 sign up for T-Mobile because they’re doing a deal with Starlink, or they shouldn’t be flying
    0:08:41 United Airlines, or they shouldn’t be buying, obviously buying Teslas, or if they order an Uber
    0:08:48 and a Model Y comes up from Tesla that they cancel and say, “I don’t ride in Teslas.”
    0:08:52 I think that is probably at this point the only way to get their attention now. If you were to
    0:08:58 really go gangster here, pull or do what the Republicans did, and that is threatening to
    0:09:02 shut down the government. Essentially, when they were the opposition party, the Republicans said,
    0:09:07 “All right, we’re going to burn the village to save it. We’re not going to raise the debt limit.
    0:09:13 We’re going to let the US government default on its debts, which would create, essentially,
    0:09:18 the ripple effect would be, the Treasury auction would fail, interest rates would dramatically
    0:09:24 spike. You’d probably see a drawdown of anywhere between 10, 30, and 50% in the stock market.
    0:09:30 You would have an economic, at least a pretty serious shock here. I think, unfortunately,
    0:09:36 what we have is when you are engaged in a battle with an opposition party, and the opposition party
    0:09:42 shows willingness to just go much further than you, and you will back down, you create asymmetric
    0:09:47 advantage. The example I would use is, if you have an army that’s willing to put its own civilians
    0:09:53 in harm’s way, and the opposing army is not willing to do that, what you’re doing, which I think is
    0:09:58 the ethical thing to not, in fact, bomb a place with civilians, but what you create is incentive
    0:10:04 for other armies to begin putting people in harm’s way and using them as human shields. I think,
    0:10:08 right now, one party has essentially shown its willingness to shut down the government, and
    0:10:12 the other has said, let’s not do that. I think the only way you’re going to restore any sense of
    0:10:17 mutually assured destruction and get any leverage at this point would be to say, okay, we’re willing
    0:10:23 to do this too. Where does this go? In the Trump administration, I think that you have effectively
    0:10:30 won adults in the room, I would argue, around restoring institutional norms, if you will,
    0:10:35 and that is the bond market and the stock market, and I think that Democrats at this point have
    0:10:41 to say, all right, our only pressure point, our only leverage here is probably to force the president
    0:10:47 on his watch to default on the government’s debt and to give up or basically see a failed
    0:10:52 Treasury auction, and this is going to happen on his watch. The Republicans threatened to do that
    0:10:57 in the last minute. They blinked, and it did not happen on Biden’s watch, but my sense is the
    0:11:04 Republicans have been so aggressive and shown such a lack of respect for any kind of consolation,
    0:11:09 consideration, process, institutions, whatever you want to call it. I think the Democrats need to
    0:11:13 also show that they’re willing to shut down government. So when you’re negotiating, there’s
    0:11:18 really only two things you need to remember. Generally speaking, in your negotiations,
    0:11:22 you don’t want to make it emotional. You just want it to be, this is what we’re willing to do,
    0:11:27 this is what we’re not willing to do, and two, you have to show a willingness to walk away. And in
    0:11:32 this instance, it’s a willingness, quite frankly, to go kind of nuclear and leverage a nuclear option
    0:11:38 and shut the government down and have us fail on our debt and have a failed Treasury auction.
    0:11:43 And again, I want you to stop, and when you think about things, it might feel good. I oftentimes
    0:11:47 point it out in meetings, okay, this is wrong and felt really good about myself, but I thought,
    0:11:53 am I doing just antagonizing the other side? And don’t threaten to quit unless you’re actually
    0:12:00 going to quit. Otherwise, your threats become a little bit hollow. Already, the President is
    0:12:07 developing a reputation for not living up to his threats. I’m going to impose these 25% tariffs
    0:12:12 on Mexico and Canada. They turn around and commit to doing what they’re already doing.
    0:12:17 I mean, even look at the language in Canada, we will implement the things we have
    0:12:25 committed to, and he backs away. So don’t make threats, make promises, and make them
    0:12:30 very sparingly, especially in a relationship with someone you care about. I remember, I just think
    0:12:34 you want to be very careful when you’re talking to people you care about, especially romantic
    0:12:41 partners, and especially your spouse around threats. I just think it one, reduces your
    0:12:47 negotiating leverage if their threats not promises, and two, it damages the relationship.
    0:12:51 In negotiations, you also have to remember, and we seem to be well beyond that in this instance,
    0:12:55 in negotiations, you want to remember that at some point, you’re probably going to have to
    0:13:00 work with the other party. You’re going to have to do deals with them, get along with them,
    0:13:07 share the same household with them, raise kids with them. And it’s worth, in my opinion, and this
    0:13:11 does not apply to this because it feels like the train has left the station on any level of mutual
    0:13:15 respect between our two parties. But when you’re negotiating with people, you want to remember,
    0:13:20 I think it’s okay to leave a little bit on the table. Also recognize that in that specific
    0:13:26 negotiation, you’re not only negotiating around the terms in that moment, but you’re also creating
    0:13:32 a context for the relationship moving forward. So showing up and threatening nations with tariffs
    0:13:36 when you are the much more powerful economic entity, that is probably going to work in the
    0:13:40 short run. You may get something. In this instance, President Trump, as far as I can tell, got nothing,
    0:13:45 extracted nothing from Mexico and Canada. But we are the bigger economy. We could literally
    0:13:50 tank their economy. So if we want, we could extract our pound of flesh. The question is,
    0:13:56 what happens after that with the relationship and the benefits we accrue from what is a very
    0:14:02 strong relationship? When these countries show up to help fight our fires, they follow us into wars
    0:14:09 in the Gulf, these relationships long-term are an enormous asset. So what are you getting short
    0:14:14 term in exchange for something or in exchange for giving up something perhaps more valuable?
    0:14:19 And that is a strong relationship. Success is the following. Success, I would argue,
    0:14:28 is really just comes down to two things. First, a series of small examples of discipline every day
    0:14:32 that add up to something huge. Take advantage of the fall on the species and try and say five or
    0:14:40 10 or 20 bucks a day. That is 150, 300, 600 bucks a month when you’re young. Time will go a lot
    0:14:44 faster than you think. And that will add up to a great deal of money. And by the time you’re 30
    0:14:48 or 35, you’ll have the down payment on a house. And by the time you’re my age, you’re not going
    0:14:51 to be worried about money. You’re going to feel some sense of security and be able to spend more
    0:14:57 time with your kids and hopefully your grandkids. Don’t think about working out every day, try and
    0:15:01 do something. And you’re going to wake up one day, three months, six months, nine months and think,
    0:15:06 wow, I feel better. I feel more confident. I’m less depressed. I like the way I look naked.
    0:15:11 I feel more confident. I feel less angry. I feel more masculine. I feel more feminine,
    0:15:18 whatever it might be. A series of small efforts made every day that is an expression of discipline.
    0:15:24 And then the second thing, the second key to success is putting yourself in a room of opportunities
    0:15:29 when you’re not in the room, when you’re not physically in the room. And how do you do that?
    0:15:34 You create allies along the way. You don’t look at relationships as a transaction. You help people
    0:15:40 when they’re less powerful than you. Any opportunity to help someone, any opportunity to make them feel
    0:15:46 good about themselves is an opportunity for you at some point in the future to be put in a room
    0:15:52 of opportunity, even if you’re not physically in the room. Hey, we’re looking for a new head of
    0:15:57 media planning. And the person thinks, I know this really wonderful woman or this really
    0:16:04 wonderful man. We should interview him or her. You know what? Matt is a really good guy and really
    0:16:08 good at what he does. I’m going to personally vouch for him. And I hope he is hired having an
    0:16:14 evangelist internally. And how do you create evangelists? A series of small investments every
    0:16:20 day in relationships. A small expression of discipline every day around money, around fitness,
    0:16:25 around kindness, such that you put yourself in a room of opportunities, even when you’re not physically
    0:16:32 there. Okay, anyways, in today’s episode, we speak with Dr. Alok Kanojia, better known as Dr. K, a
    0:16:37 psychiatrist and co-founder of the mental health coaching company, Healthy Gamer. We discussed
    0:16:42 with Dr. K how tech addiction affects mental health, the science of relationships, and the
    0:16:47 challenges men face today. So with that, we’ll be right back for our conversation with Dr. K.
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    0:19:28 Welcome back. Here’s our conversation with Dr. K, a psychiatrist and a co-founder of
    0:19:34 the mental health coaching company Healthy Gamer. Dr. K, where does this podcast find you?
    0:19:39 I’m in Houston, Texas. Dr. K, how do you describe what you do?
    0:19:43 I support the mental health of the digital generation.
    0:19:48 I love that. And tell us about your journey. You went from being a video game addict to
    0:19:54 studying to be a monk to later becoming a doctor. Give us a little bit. Give us some color on your
    0:20:01 origin story. So my parents are both doctors. They’re first generation immigrants from India.
    0:20:10 I was born in Texas and grew up here. And then basically I was genetically pre-med. So I’m one
    0:20:18 of these South Asian diaspora kids that was told when I was nine years old, my dad told me and my
    0:20:21 brother. He was like, one of y’all is going to be a doctor and one of y’all is going to be a lawyer.
    0:20:26 And so grew up genetically pre-med. Really had no interest in it.
    0:20:32 And so was like pre-med as a freshman in college. And then just completely started like spiraling.
    0:20:36 So like I had freedom for the first time in my life, like was playing video games a lot,
    0:20:41 joined a fraternity, failed out of like college, basically was on academic probation, had a bunch
    0:20:46 of Fs. And then my parents tried everything. So they tried to like, you know, they tried tough
    0:20:50 love. They tried being supportive. They were like really good parents. They just didn’t know what
    0:20:55 they were dealing with. So they didn’t understand what was going on. So after two years of second
    0:20:59 year in college, I was barely able to like pass my classes. Where were you in school?
    0:21:06 The University of Texas at Austin. And then after that, my dad was like, look, we got to do
    0:21:09 something like this is not working. So he’s like, I think you need to go to India. And this is one
    0:21:13 of the rare times that I chose to listen. So I was like, why do I need to go? And he’s like, I
    0:21:20 don’t know. It’s just nothing else is working. So I boarded a flight about one week later and
    0:21:26 went to an ashram, which I had never been to before. And then really like the first two weeks
    0:21:32 were like some of the worst, probably the lowest point of my life. And then after that discovered
    0:21:37 something amazing, which was like, when I was in college, I remember being frustrated with myself
    0:21:43 like I knew I needed to like go to class. All I needed to do was show up because I had missed
    0:21:49 so many days of class that each subsequent day of class I missed, I dropped a whole letter grade.
    0:21:54 So it was like, if I miss one more day of class, the highest grade I can possibly get as a B.
    0:21:58 And then one more day was a C in one word. So like over the course of five days, I went from
    0:22:03 A to F. And I just couldn’t get myself to go like I couldn’t understand why I would
    0:22:09 play games when I know I shouldn’t. I had no control over myself. So what I found in India
    0:22:15 was a system that teaches you how human beings work. Where do desires come from?
    0:22:21 What really is the nature of willpower? What’s the nature of attachment? And I absolutely fell
    0:22:25 in love with it. So I felt like it was kind of like an owner’s manual for myself. So decided to
    0:22:31 become a monk. Spent seven years sort of focused on that goal would spend my summers in India. And
    0:22:36 then my teachers would give me a set of practices. But they also said, I tried to become a monk at
    0:22:40 21. And they said, you need to go back, finish your school, go get a doctoral degree of any kind,
    0:22:46 doesn’t matter how, what kind. And then when you’re 30 years old, if you still want to become a monk,
    0:22:50 then you can take your vows. So I was like, okay, fine. So they’re like, go participate in the
    0:22:56 world for a little while. And then if you want to, you can come back. So I would travel back and
    0:23:01 forth, study more advanced meditation, and then ended up meeting my wife, which I’m pretty sure
    0:23:07 my teachers understood that I wasn’t ready to give up my life yet. And then ultimately decided to
    0:23:13 try to go to medical school. And that was because one of my teachers said, anything you try to do
    0:23:17 in the spiritual world is going to be way harder than anything you can accomplish in the material
    0:23:22 world. So try to do something very difficult in the material world, and that’ll be training
    0:23:30 for a spiritual path. So I had set my target on becoming a doctor. Also because I wanted to
    0:23:34 understand like humans from the other side, right? So I’d learned this like owner’s manual of the
    0:23:41 self, but then like, what does medicine teach us? So went to medical school at Tufts, and then
    0:23:46 realized I loved psychiatry, like towards the end, I loved like sitting with people.
    0:23:50 The mind is my favorite organ. And then to the chagrin of my family,
    0:23:56 decided to become a psychiatrist, ended up training at Mass General McLean and Harvard,
    0:24:00 was faculty there for a couple of years. So I want to go back, there was a point,
    0:24:06 to a certain point, you and I have a very similar origin story. I went to UCLA, I think UT Austin,
    0:24:11 or they’re kind of similar, big land grand public schools. I also joined fraternity. I was 17 when
    0:24:17 I showed up to UCLA. I had a lack of self-discipline. I, like you, was getting a lot of Fs. I was on
    0:24:23 academic probation. I didn’t have video games like you did. I wonder if I really, and I didn’t have
    0:24:29 porn. If I’d had video games in porn, I’m not sure I would have, I mean, I was, I went on academic
    0:24:33 probation and all I needed to get was a C average to get another two semesters before they would
    0:24:40 kick me out. So I kept doing that over and over. But I decided I, while it was a kind of, I don’t
    0:24:45 know, a fairly superficial life void of meaning, as far as superficial lives void of meaning go,
    0:24:52 it was pretty good. And I was enjoying myself. You decided to get on a plane for India. Like what,
    0:24:58 what happened or what was your thought process? I’m at UT Austin in a fraternity.
    0:25:03 You know, that’s, that to me sounds like a pretty good life, even if you’re not doing well academically.
    0:25:08 What inspired you to get on a plane and go to India? Like did you hit, was there a moment where
    0:25:12 you hit sort of rock bottom or did your parents force you? Like what happened there?
    0:25:17 Yeah. So I remember I had a, I had a conversation with my dad in our living room at like two in
    0:25:21 the morning. It was like, like, it was like one of these conversations where he was kind of like
    0:25:26 done, like not in a bad way, but he’s like, look, I’ve tried everything. You know, I’ve tried being
    0:25:31 supportive. I’ve tried tough love, like nothing is working. So he’s like, and he was like, look,
    0:25:35 your life is not moving in a good direction. I knew that. Like, I mean, sure, in some ways,
    0:25:41 it was a lot of fun. So I loved my first two years of college from a dopaminergic standpoint,
    0:25:47 but from like a meaning, a purpose, I was just sort of existing. So that there’s a really interesting
    0:25:53 conception from existential depression, which is that so existential depression is kind of like
    0:26:01 when we struggle to like look into the future. And so we can’t move forward in life. So instead,
    0:26:07 what we start doing is we start moving laterally. So there’s no point in moving towards something.
    0:26:11 So I’m just going to spend all of my energy in the lateral direction. So this is like partying,
    0:26:16 like partying never leads to anywhere, video games never lead to anywhere. So I was spending all of
    0:26:24 my time engaging in actions that don’t lead to anything. So I knew that something was horribly
    0:26:30 wrong. Like I was out of control. Like I didn’t, I mean, I enjoyed, let’s say a four hour brick
    0:26:35 of my life, but I did not enjoy a four week period. Like I was, I wasn’t going anywhere.
    0:26:41 I understood that he understood that. I now understand this is all karmic too. So, so there
    0:26:46 was just like, there were just no other options. And I asked my dad, I was like, what am I going to
    0:26:51 learn there? Why? And he’s like, I don’t know. And it was really interesting because I think
    0:26:58 oftentimes when we give guidance to lost young men, we never say you should do this. And then
    0:27:04 they ask why. And then we, you say, I don’t know, right? We always like give them the answer at the
    0:27:10 very beginning. But I think in retrospect, something about that like really appealed to me that look,
    0:27:14 you don’t know what’s going on with your life. We don’t know how to fix it, but you got to try
    0:27:21 something. How do you discern? I drank a shit ton of alcohol. I smoked a lot of pot, but I never
    0:27:27 felt like I was an addict. And at some point they were probably, they were definitely inhibiting my
    0:27:33 academic progress. They’re probably, I would argue that it was worth it. It created a lot of
    0:27:37 friendships, a lot of figuring out my limits. I’ve, you know, I’ve often said,
    0:27:42 I got more out of alcohol than it’s gotten out of me. But it also had it gotten just a touch more
    0:27:49 frequent. I could have easily gone down a very dark path. If you’re someone listening to this
    0:27:55 right now, and you’re at college or not in college, and you think I’m playing a lot of video games,
    0:28:00 I’m drinking a lot. I’m smoking a lot of pot. I’m watching a lot of porn. What are in your mind
    0:28:08 the signals that discern between what I’ll call youthful, if a bit reckless behavior or irresponsible
    0:28:15 behavior. And when you are an addict and you need to do something. So I’ve got kind of two answers.
    0:28:20 So one is like a psychiatric answer, right? So we say that impairment of function is what caused,
    0:28:26 where’s the dividing line for addiction? Well, if it impairs your function, you have an addiction.
    0:28:29 So if it’s interfering with your academic performance, if it’s interfering with your job,
    0:28:33 if it’s interfering with your physical health, your mental health, your relationships,
    0:28:39 that’s the threshold of addiction. Now, in your question, I hear two things. I’m not,
    0:28:44 I have a psychiatric answer, but then I also have like a life answer, which is that sometimes
    0:28:50 addictions, and I do a lot of addiction psychiatry, sometimes addictions are part of our journey.
    0:28:54 So there’s this concept of something called post traumatic growth, which is like,
    0:28:59 you know, you kind of say that you got more out of alcohol than alcohol did of you.
    0:29:03 So I was addicted to video games, but I started a company called Healthy Gamer because it’s a part
    0:29:09 of my journey. Just because I had an addiction doesn’t mean that, and you know, people will
    0:29:13 ask me if you could go back and change something about your life, what would you change? I say,
    0:29:18 honestly, absolutely nothing. Because I’m pretty happy with where I am now. And then even addictions
    0:29:25 were without my video game addiction, I would not have walked the journey of self discovery
    0:29:31 that I did. See, we talk about addiction as an impairment of function. But I think that mental
    0:29:39 illness is oftentimes a sign that who we are does not fit with our circumstances. So one of the
    0:29:43 biggest challenges that I see as a psychiatrist is that when we kind of medicate problems away,
    0:29:52 we can maintain an unhealthy way of like living life, right? So if I have like back pain,
    0:29:58 and I start taking opiates, I may continue to engage in the behaviors that are creating back pain.
    0:30:04 So you were kind of asking, how do you know when an addiction is part of your journey? And that’s
    0:30:10 kind of the way that I see it is that, yeah, it’s causing a problem now, but it is also a signal
    0:30:14 for you to fundamentally make a change in your life so that there’s something within you that
    0:30:20 is not gelling with the society around you. And that’s kind of really like the way that I see
    0:30:24 some of these issues like addiction. It’s like addiction is a sign that something in your life
    0:30:32 is not going well. You require some sort of external crutch to cope with all of the negativity in
    0:30:40 your life. And the real solution to addiction is not just sobriety. It’s fixing all of the sources
    0:30:46 of those negativities that you need the substance to deal with. Yeah, I like that. And one of the
    0:30:53 issues I have with the industrial medical complex is like, okay, you know, Drs. Atya and
    0:30:57 Huverman, who I think are fantastic if I’m both on the podcast, have basically declared war on alcohol.
    0:31:03 And where they see drunkenness for most people, most young people, I see togetherness. I think
    0:31:12 there’s an upside to alcohol. And I find it’s very binary that people, my guess is my son plays,
    0:31:19 and I’m going to speak specifically, I have a 14 year old boy, and he plays probably about 30 to
    0:31:26 60 minutes of video games a day. That sounds about right. And I hear him upstairs. And he’ll let out
    0:31:34 this battle cry of he’ll go, I’ll literally hear from the upstairs. And then I hear all his friends
    0:31:41 laughing and him laughing, and them talking, and it’s group dynamics and teams, and learning how to
    0:31:50 lose. And I actually think video games are additive to his life. And it’s as a parent, at the same time,
    0:31:55 there’s been periods in his life where he’ll he’ll hide his phone and go into the bathroom and pretend
    0:32:00 he’s not well. And then the bathroom won’t come out. And I know he’s on TikTok. And it is really
    0:32:07 this is a long-winded way of saying with kids or with adults, I’m addicted. I’m addicted to
    0:32:12 my phone. I just am. If I’m anywhere bored, sometimes I make excuses to go to the bathroom
    0:32:16 at dinner so I can check my phone. And I’m not proud of that. But at least I’m old enough to
    0:32:23 recognize and modulate it. I really worry about the young male brain, and screen time, and video
    0:32:34 games, and social, and porn. What do you think as a young man or as a parent, what are some practices
    0:32:41 or best practices for ensuring you are trying to use these things in a positive way? Is your view
    0:32:47 put time limits on it with kids not under a certain age? With your kids, what will be your
    0:32:53 approach to screen time? So I think one of the biggest challenges with raising kids with
    0:32:58 technology nowadays is that I think most of the advice is geared towards mothers.
    0:33:05 And I think we don’t talk enough from a dad’s perspective. So if we look at single-parent
    0:33:10 households, more likely to be single-parent moms. And I think, first of all, if you’re a dad out
    0:33:16 there, the most important thing, because some of these problems like pornography are problems
    0:33:23 that are going to be foreign to moms and foreign to daughters. So age of first exposure to pornography
    0:33:30 is usually, on average, nine. So kids are getting exposed to pornography at a very young age. And
    0:33:34 a lot of times, we don’t really know what to do about it. So I’d say the first thing to do is talk
    0:33:44 to your kids. Try to explain to them that they’re growing up in a world where all of these apps,
    0:33:50 like TikTok and pornography and all this kind of stuff, all of these people have a goal to try to
    0:33:55 addict you. That’s their goal. That’s their monetization model. So I think sort of sitting
    0:34:00 down with your kids and really talking to them about what impact is this having on your brain?
    0:34:07 What attracts you to it? Trying to really help your child exercise some meta-awareness about
    0:34:12 if you’re sitting in your bathroom and you’re scrolling TikTok. What’s up with that? Why are
    0:34:17 you doing that? What’s driving that? And over the course of, let’s say, one or two months,
    0:34:22 really sitting down with your kid and asking them, okay, let’s take a look at your screen app usage.
    0:34:29 So you’ve spent 32 hours over the last two months on TikTok. How do you feel about that? Is this
    0:34:34 the kind of life that you want to live? Two months, last two weeks. Yeah, right? So average
    0:34:39 telephone use is four to six hours a day. Average TikTok usage in 14-year-old males in the US is
    0:34:44 17 hours a week. Yeah. So this is like, and really sitting down, I think the biggest mistake that
    0:34:51 parents make is that we try to regulate the technology used for our kids. So we try to do
    0:34:58 things like limit screen time. But instead, what I think is way, way, way more effective is having
    0:35:03 your child understand why it’s important from their perspective. Do you want to spend 17 hours a
    0:35:08 week on TikTok? Is this really the kind of life that you want to live? And once you start to get
    0:35:13 to those kinds of questions and conversations, and I find that dads having these kinds of
    0:35:18 conversations with their son, how much pornography do you watch? You shouldn’t ask, do you watch
    0:35:23 pornography? I think you start with, how much do you watch? How do you feel about that? Is this the
    0:35:27 kind of life that you want to live? And oftentimes, what we’ll find is when you have these kinds of
    0:35:34 conversations with your kids, what you’ll discover is that your kids are being drawn to the technology
    0:35:38 because something is missing in their life. The reason I watch porn is because I have a crush
    0:35:44 on a girl, I’m 15 years old, and I don’t know how to talk to her. And so then what a beautiful thing
    0:35:49 happens when you start talking to your kids about why they use technology, what’s going on there,
    0:35:54 you’ll start to uncover things that you can actually start to address. And so then, you know,
    0:35:58 hopefully if you’re, you know, you’re a good dad and you’ve got a kid, you can be like, okay,
    0:36:03 let’s have a conversation about how to talk to girls. And so I think this is something that’s
    0:36:09 really missing. We’re all about regulation and taking things away, instead of understanding
    0:36:14 what is driving the teenage mind to technology and offering it a healthier alternative.
    0:36:18 I think I’m going to follow your dad’s lead and put him on a plane for India.
    0:36:27 I like that. I thought that was a gangster move. And not only that, I appreciate that you actually
    0:36:32 agreed. I think that’s such an interesting pivotal moment in your life. What have you found, especially
    0:36:37 with young men, is the most common demon they’re fighting that they need to address,
    0:36:46 where the addiction itself is just their attempt to medicate it. What is the most common
    0:36:50 shape and manifestation that that demon is when they get to the real problem?
    0:36:57 So men are, young men are being blamed no matter what they do. So the basic problem is that we,
    0:37:02 there’s no way for a young man to win in this world. That’s the most common thing. Manifest is
    0:37:07 all kinds of things. I’ll give you a simple example. So nowadays, we’re all saying, oh,
    0:37:11 like men should be in touch with their emotions, right? Emotional expression is healthy, correct?
    0:37:17 And there’s no such thing as good emotion and bad emotion, right? These are all things we hear,
    0:37:24 we say to young men. So if I’m a man and I get angry and I raise my tone of voice,
    0:37:31 is this considered an acceptable emotional expression? No, it’s abusive. Absolutely.
    0:37:37 I don’t feel safe around you. And now, this is the other thing that I see so much in society today,
    0:37:43 which I think is very, very unhealthy. Your feelings of safety become my responsibility.
    0:37:47 So I saw this all the time when I was doing, you know, working in the emergency room at Mass
    0:37:52 General, we would get kids from Harvard and MIT and University Health Services and stuff all the
    0:37:58 time. And one day I was talking to one of the chiefs of security at MIT and I was like, you know,
    0:38:04 a lot of students feel unsafe. And he said something to me that stuck with me so well.
    0:38:11 He said, my job is not to make students feel safe. My job is to keep students safe. And there’s a
    0:38:19 very big difference. So now what started to happen is that if someone feels unsafe around a man,
    0:38:24 that isn’t their own unprocessed trauma. That’s not their lack of emotional regulation. This now
    0:38:33 becomes the man’s fault. So men are now put in basically unwinnable situations. So women, you
    0:38:39 can look at global kind of survey data about dating preferences and things like that. More than 50%
    0:38:46 of people who graduate from college are now women. But the average woman wants the male that she dates
    0:38:52 to make more money than they do. That’s just becoming an untenable situation. So we teach
    0:38:58 kids, men, boys, it’s okay to express your emotions, but we punish them anytime they express their
    0:39:04 emotions. We don’t teach, we say, oh, men need, like, boys need to do this and they need to do this.
    0:39:10 No one is accepting responsibility for teaching men how to express emotions. No one is accepting
    0:39:15 responsibility for holding the space for that kind of thing. So we’re setting a lot of fundamentally
    0:39:24 unachievable societal standards for men. And then we do one other thing. Young men and men
    0:39:33 in general are the only class in society that does not deserve help. So there’s such a systemic
    0:39:38 bias that if it’s a man, like, so we say, oh, like, it’s not our job to help you.
    0:39:45 So I do think that young men are getting a lot of mixed messages. At the same time,
    0:39:50 well, I’ll put forth some, I think about this a lot, and I’ll put forth some other TCs and you
    0:39:57 respond to them. I think an even, perhaps an even bigger issue is male involvement or lack of male
    0:40:06 involvement. You had your blessed, you had a male role model that tried really hard, showed you
    0:40:10 that he loved you, was present in your life, noticed, gave witness to your life, and then
    0:40:15 ultimately helped you kind of get back on track. And there’s a lot of young men who don’t have the
    0:40:22 blessings you had. And without the presence of a male role model, whether it’s a coach,
    0:40:28 whether it’s an uncle to get involved in your life, hopefully your dad, brothers that care about you,
    0:40:34 for me, it was my fraternity brothers at UCLA. They took an interest in my life. They would,
    0:40:39 I remember my, I don’t know if you had an interest in my big brother, like four weeks into my freshman
    0:40:44 year is like, dude, you got to smoke less pot, man. You’re gonna fail out your first semester,
    0:40:51 stop smoking, stop getting high every night. And because he noticed my life, and I didn’t have a
    0:40:59 present father, but the absence of men being involved in young men’s lives, for a lot of
    0:41:03 reasons, whether it’s family court, whether it’s male abandonment, whatever it might be,
    0:41:09 a lot of single family homes. And we can go into, go into the reasons or that’s a longer
    0:41:16 conversation. And also, a lack of economic opportunity for young men, because so many
    0:41:21 jobs now require the skills that women are showing at a greater propensity, and they’ve earned it,
    0:41:26 ends up when we leveled the playing field, they blew by us academically, and they’ve earned it,
    0:41:30 don’t want to do anything to get in the way of that. But it used to be one third of jobs required
    0:41:34 of college degree, now it’s two thirds, women that ends up are better suited for college than
    0:41:41 most men. So there’s just a lack of economic opportunity. Do you see, I see those two as
    0:41:49 maybe even being bigger causes for men trying to medicate than the mixed messages they might be
    0:41:54 getting from society and women, your thoughts. So here’s why I think men medicate. So men are
    0:41:58 taught to be something called external problem solvers. So this is the way we’re conditioned.
    0:42:05 So if the world is unhappy with us, and we’re a man, we should step up and fix it, right? So if
    0:42:09 I’m married to someone who is unhappy with the amount of money that I make, I should earn a
    0:42:15 promotion. If I get a bad performance review, I need to do better next time. So what we’re taught
    0:42:20 is men, I don’t know if this kind of makes sense, but anytime there’s a negative event in life,
    0:42:24 this creates an emotion within me, there’s this external thing that creates an emotional
    0:42:28 response within me. And the way that we’re taught to deal with that emotion is not internally,
    0:42:34 but we have to correct the external circumstance, right? So if I can get my boss to give me a good
    0:42:41 performance review, if I can prove to myself that this person is an idiot, then the negative emotion
    0:42:46 goes away. Does that kind of make sense? If someone disapproves of me and I feel shame,
    0:42:51 the way to resolve my shame is to earn their approval. And if I can earn their approval,
    0:42:56 then the shame goes away. So this is a huge problem. This is why men I think turn to substances,
    0:43:04 because we are not taught when you feel shame, we’re actually conditioned to live up to the
    0:43:10 expectations of others. We use an external tool from the outside. It can be a promotion,
    0:43:18 a drink of alcohol, marijuana, video games, pornography. We use things outside of us to
    0:43:23 manage and control our internal emotional state. That’s why I think men are three to four times
    0:43:29 more likely to become addicted to anything than women are. Yeah. It’s really back to your point
    0:43:34 about a lack of empathy. I mean, to a certain extent, we don’t have an opiate, a homeless crisis.
    0:43:38 We have a male opiate, a male homeless crisis. Like as you said, three out of four out of five
    0:43:43 suicides. When someone comes in with an addiction issue, what I’d like you to do if you can is
    0:43:48 stack rank the addictions. The addictions, when they walk in the door, you think, okay, we can handle
    0:43:53 this, or an addiction walks through the door and you think, oh no. Stack rank house, from what you
    0:43:58 think are most serious, generally speaking, to least serious or most addressable, I should
    0:44:04 say addictions. My first answer is that I think all addictions are addressable because their root
    0:44:10 is the same. This cycle of addiction, which is I’m going to use this external thing to manage
    0:44:16 my internal emotional state, that’s common for all addictions. Nora Volkow, I don’t know how to
    0:44:22 pronounce her last name, who’s the head of NIMH, or maybe the head of addictions in the US.
    0:44:28 She talks about, illustrates this beautifully. There are just a lot of common pathways to
    0:44:33 addiction. And for anything to be addictive, it needs two requirements. One is to give pleasure,
    0:44:39 and the second is to take away pain. So in that sense, there’s a very common root and common
    0:44:45 solution to addiction. As long as we can help people manage their pain in other healthier ways,
    0:44:51 then we can conquer any addiction. That’s my belief. That being said, I think probably the
    0:44:58 hardest addiction to treat is probably body dysmorphia. So when people get addicted to a
    0:45:05 version of themselves, this is the hardest addiction to treat. So anytime, I’ll give you
    0:45:08 examples of this. So like, what does that mean addiction to a version of yourself?
    0:45:13 When someone comes in and says, I love marijuana, not because it makes me high,
    0:45:19 but it allows me to be normal. I like the normal me. The hardest addictions I’ve had to treat
    0:45:26 are when marijuana allows someone to participate in a normal life the way that all of the other
    0:45:32 humans do. I’ve worked with people who have addictions to things like stimulant medication,
    0:45:38 like people with ADHD. So they exist in the world. They can’t focus. They have difficulty
    0:45:42 regulating their emotions, because that’s a feature of ADHD. They struggle with issues of
    0:45:49 confidence. And if they take Adderall, they feel normal. They feel like confident, I love this
    0:45:57 version of myself. And I also see that in body dysmorphia, where it’s like, I don’t want to be
    0:46:03 grotesque. I don’t want to be ugly. I don’t want to be pathetic. I want to achieve. I want to be
    0:46:07 good. I want to be proud of myself. I want to be happy when I see, when I look in the mirror
    0:46:13 and I see myself, this is what they strive for. And what we know about genetics is like, when you
    0:46:18 have an addictive, let’s say, personality, you may just have a drug of choice. So your opioid
    0:46:22 receptors, your mu receptors may just be genetically a little bit different. In some people, GABA
    0:46:26 receptors, which are for alcohol, may be a little bit different. So you may have just a genetic
    0:46:31 vulnerability to a particular drug of choice. And that’s why human beings have drugs of choice.
    0:46:38 But the underlying mechanism of addiction is like pretty shared. And the hardest ones to treat
    0:46:45 are when the substance allows you to be a version of yourself that you like. And you don’t like the
    0:46:48 sober you. We’ll be right back.
    0:46:59 Clear your schedule for you time with a handcrafted espresso beverage from Starbucks.
    0:47:05 Savor the new small and mighty Cortado, cozy up with the familiar flavors of pistachio,
    0:47:11 or shake up your mood with an iced brown sugar oat shaken espresso. Whatever you choose,
    0:47:14 your espresso will be handcrafted with care at Starbucks.
    0:47:23 The Republicans have been saying lots of things. Just yesterday, their leader said he wants to own
    0:47:30 Gaza. The US will take over the Gaza Strip, and we will do a job with it too. We’ll own it.
    0:47:36 On Monday, the Secretary of State said an entire federal agency was insubordinate. USAID in
    0:47:39 particular, they refuse to tell us anything. We won’t tell you what the money’s going to,
    0:47:45 where the money’s for, who has it. Over the weekend, Vice President Elon Musk, the richest man on
    0:47:51 earth, tweeted about the same agency that, you know, gives money to the poorest people on earth.
    0:47:57 “We spent the weekend feeding USAID into the wood chipper. Could gone to some great parties.
    0:48:01 Did that instead.” But what have the Democrats been saying?
    0:48:05 “People are aroused. I haven’t seen people so aroused in a very, very long time.”
    0:48:10 Huh. That’s a weird way to put it, Senator. We’re going to ask what exactly is the
    0:48:15 Democrats’ strategy to push back on Republicans on Today Explained?
    0:48:20 Over the last few weeks, America’s health and science agencies have been shaken.
    0:48:26 There’s been funding freezes, communications gag orders, censorship of research.
    0:48:28 “It’s really a chaotic picture.”
    0:48:30 “I am really scared.”
    0:48:33 “The United States was the best place in the world to do science,
    0:48:37 and that has never felt more threatened in my career than it does right now.”
    0:48:44 This week on Unexplainable, what does all this mean for the future of science in America?
    0:48:48 Follow Unexplainable for new episodes every Wednesday.
    0:48:56 I want to go somewhere a little bit more positive here.
    0:49:00 One of the things you talk about that is super interesting
    0:49:05 is what science can tell us about the formation of relationships and falling in love.
    0:49:11 What does the latest research reveal about how we form de-connections
    0:49:16 and how is technology reshaping this process or put more basely?
    0:49:21 How can someone today, in this digital age, find love?
    0:49:28 First thing to understand is that we have birth rate crises in parts of East Asia.
    0:49:31 I don’t know if you’re familiar with the 4B movement in South Korea.
    0:49:37 People are engaging in fewer long-term relationships.
    0:49:40 We’re seeing a lot of situationships and friends with benefits.
    0:49:43 People are, there’s a loneliness crisis.
    0:49:45 There’s a mental health crisis.
    0:49:46 There’s a dating crisis.
    0:49:53 All three of these things are correlated with an increase in technology use across society.
    0:49:55 How do these two things actually interface?
    0:50:00 This is what a lot of people don’t understand.
    0:50:04 Falling in love, if you really think about it, is an addiction.
    0:50:09 What we know is that falling in love is governed by our dopaminergic circuitry.
    0:50:10 And let’s just think about this.
    0:50:14 So if you’re lucky enough to have fallen in love, you are obsessed with this person.
    0:50:17 So if we look at dopamine in the mesocortical circuit,
    0:50:20 this is the nucleus accumbensis, this is our addictive part of the brain.
    0:50:21 Dopamine does three things.
    0:50:25 It gives us pleasure, it gives us craving, and reinforces behavior.
    0:50:29 So when you’re in love with someone, you crave them.
    0:50:30 You think about them all the time.
    0:50:34 Literally, what happens in your brain, these can best be described as cravings.
    0:50:35 They’re preoccupations with this person.
    0:50:42 And then when you’re in this person’s presence, the presence alone creates dopamine in your brain.
    0:50:47 So just like sitting there and being with them feels like the most amazing thing in the world.
    0:50:51 So, and there’s also other things that we know about addiction.
    0:50:57 So addictions also suppress the risk assessment parts of your brain.
    0:51:02 So once you fall in love, or your best friend falls in love,
    0:51:03 they start to change who they are.
    0:51:05 They start making stupid decisions.
    0:51:09 And all of your friends get worried about you when you fall in love,
    0:51:13 because you don’t realize you’re missing all of these red flags.
    0:51:16 That’s not a bug, that’s a feature.
    0:51:20 So thousands of years ago, millions of years ago when our brains were evolving,
    0:51:22 they realized there were two humans.
    0:51:25 One human who was able to accurately assess risk,
    0:51:29 and one human whose dopamine-ergic circuitry was suppressing risk,
    0:51:32 which one of them ended up mating?
    0:51:34 The person who suppresses risk.
    0:51:39 So dopamine creates impulsivity, creates craving,
    0:51:42 creates pleasure, suppresses our ability to gauge risk.
    0:51:45 And this is what falling in love is, falling in love is stupid.
    0:51:46 It’s beautiful, it’s idiotic.
    0:51:50 I mean, I jokingly say that young people should go out and drink more
    0:51:52 and make a series of bad decisions.
    0:51:54 Doesn’t that mean we should be a little bit more reckless with our emotions?
    0:51:56 Yes and no.
    0:52:01 So I think the way that we should correct this is by fixing what causes the root problem.
    0:52:05 So the root problem is that when we use social media, when we use technology,
    0:52:08 it alters our dopamine-ergic circuitry.
    0:52:12 And those alterations, once your brain changes from social media use
    0:52:15 or video game use or pornography use,
    0:52:20 that same brain becomes more incapable of falling in love.
    0:52:24 And so what I’ll tell people who are struggling to fall in love is
    0:52:29 before you go on a date, walk for one hour and do not touch a device.
    0:52:34 What I find is that people who do that, the quality of their dates improves.
    0:52:38 There’s another really fascinating mechanism.
    0:52:43 So remember that all social media and the technology and all this kind of stuff
    0:52:47 suppresses our negative emotional circuitry and evokes emotional circuitry.
    0:52:52 And one of the key factors for falling in love is shared emotional experience.
    0:52:57 So there’s a beautiful study that illustrated this.
    0:53:02 So they had two groups of couples go on dates where they met on a bridge.
    0:53:03 But there are two bridges.
    0:53:05 One is a stone bridge that’s stable.
    0:53:07 One is a wood bridge that’s rickety.
    0:53:11 And what they found is that when you meet in the middle of a wood bridge that’s rickety,
    0:53:13 we’re both a little bit scared.
    0:53:16 And so since there is a shared emotional experience between these,
    0:53:18 I think we’re heteronormative dates,
    0:53:22 when you have two human beings that are both shared the same emotion
    0:53:26 and we’re both scared on the bridge, we actually bind together a little bit.
    0:53:28 The empathic connection becomes strong.
    0:53:33 And when we meet in a stable place where there is not a shared emotional state,
    0:53:35 then those people feel less connected.
    0:53:39 I want to bring it down to kind of a ground level.
    0:53:46 And that is, I think they’d probably, I mean, in addition to a good job
    0:53:48 in support of parents in a male role model,
    0:53:55 if I could wish anything more of on young men right now, it’d be relationships.
    0:53:57 Not only friendships for romantic relationships.
    0:54:01 Only one in three men under the age of 30 is in a relationship.
    0:54:03 Two in three women under the age of 30.
    0:54:04 And you think, well, that’s mathematically impossible.
    0:54:08 It’s not because women want more economically and emotionally viable men,
    0:54:09 so they’re dating older.
    0:54:13 And I find without the joy and probably more importantly,
    0:54:18 the guardrails of a relationship, men just come off the tracks.
    0:54:22 That women reinvest that energy in work and friends
    0:54:25 and men reinvested in video games and conspiracy theory.
    0:54:31 Your thoughts on limiting the amount of porn, such as a young man,
    0:54:36 quite frankly, builds up more desire and is willing to take more risks
    0:54:39 in terms of meeting women or putting himself in a context
    0:54:43 or another man where he can take that leap of faith
    0:54:46 and endure the rejection, take the risks, thoughts.
    0:54:48 This is the biggest problem that I see right now.
    0:54:53 We are coping with our negative emotions instead of harnessing them.
    0:54:55 So this is something that I want you to really think about.
    0:54:58 Why do human beings have negative emotions?
    0:55:00 Right?
    0:55:02 So negative emotions are, first of all,
    0:55:07 much more powerful motivators of behavior than positive emotions.
    0:55:10 Curiosity will get you interested in something for a little while.
    0:55:13 Joy will get you interested in something in a little while.
    0:55:17 Shame, sadness, and anger are incredibly powerful motivators.
    0:55:21 Now, why are they such powerful motivators?
    0:55:24 Because these are the signals that our brain sends us
    0:55:27 to tell us we need to make a change.
    0:55:32 If I’m ashamed of my body, the solution to that in the way that our brain evolved,
    0:55:33 because we couldn’t avoid people.
    0:55:35 We were in like tribes of 300.
    0:55:37 So I had to see these people every single day.
    0:55:42 That shame is a powerful motivator to change the way that I look,
    0:55:48 change the way that I act, and even this hunger for companionship,
    0:55:53 this sexual drive, which is one of the strongest drives in the human being overall,
    0:55:59 is what causes us to reach out and overcome our shame.
    0:56:03 And now what’s happening with things like pornography and technology,
    0:56:07 social media, video games is we are taking all of these negative emotions,
    0:56:13 which normally are the most powerful fuel to allow us to fix our lives.
    0:56:18 And we’re wiping them away with things like porn or video games.
    0:56:22 And now what we’re doing is we’re disabling our primary motivational fuel,
    0:56:23 which is negative emotion.
    0:56:24 And you’ll see this all the time.
    0:56:29 Like even if you look at movies, right, when the hero becomes a hero,
    0:56:31 it’s not curiosity that makes him a hero.
    0:56:36 It’s a powerful negative emotion, a sense of betrayal, a sense of anger,
    0:56:37 a sense of shame.
    0:56:40 I’m never going to be this way again, never again.
    0:56:42 I’m never going to be weak again.
    0:56:44 And that’s what drives them to change.
    0:56:49 And so what we’re actually doing is short-circuiting our most potent motivational drives
    0:56:51 through things like pornography.
    0:56:58 If you could give, and this is a difficult question to answer, but advice to younger men
    0:57:04 in terms of, you know, they’re starting out, maybe their first job or college,
    0:57:08 as it relates to addiction, as it relates to establishing a healthy relationship,
    0:57:14 any practices you recommend that are more likely to set them on a strong path?
    0:57:22 What advice do you have to young men as it relates to recognizing addiction,
    0:57:26 screen time activities, behavior modification at a digital age,
    0:57:30 where obviously addiction is kind of sort of one click away everywhere?
    0:57:36 So I’d probably say that, see, the reason we rely so much on these technological
    0:57:42 devices and addictions is because we cannot tolerate life without them.
    0:57:43 Right?
    0:57:48 So if we think about, if I told you to take your your phone away from a day for a day,
    0:57:50 it would be really hard for people to exist.
    0:57:53 So one thing that we do in our community is a beautiful meditation practice
    0:57:59 that we tell people to do, which is stare at a wall for an hour and just look at what comes up.
    0:58:02 So at the beginning, you’ll be bored.
    0:58:10 And then like the basic problem is that dudes today are trying to always move away from themselves
    0:58:11 and towards something.
    0:58:12 I need to be sexier.
    0:58:13 I need to be healthier.
    0:58:14 I need to be more fit.
    0:58:16 I need to have more friends.
    0:58:17 I need to join a fraternity.
    0:58:18 I need to be like these guys.
    0:58:23 One of the weirdest things I’ve always heard is the men that I work with long for rock bottom.
    0:58:26 They want nothing more than rock bottom.
    0:58:32 I want to hit rock bottom because that’s when I know I’m going to die or I will be reborn.
    0:58:34 They long for that more than anything else.
    0:58:37 They just want anything except for this numb existence.
    0:58:39 They would rather break it or make it.
    0:58:40 One of the two.
    0:58:42 But just no more this limbo.
    0:58:42 They hate limbo.
    0:58:48 The way to get out of that limbo is to first of all stop paying attention
    0:58:53 and stop caring about the world thinks because you’re getting all of this contrary advice.
    0:58:54 Right.
    0:58:59 So, you know, be a more masculine man so that you can attract women
    0:59:02 or be more emotionally available so that you can attract women.
    0:59:03 Make more money.
    0:59:06 Assert yourself or be more passive.
    0:59:11 There’s just no way that you can make anyone else happy like you’ve tried and it doesn’t work.
    0:59:14 So, instead, what you need to do is sit your ass in front of a wall
    0:59:16 and look at what comes up for one hour.
    0:59:23 And what you really need to do for your compass in life is listen to what comes up
    0:59:26 because you’ve tried to make the rest of the world happy.
    0:59:27 It ain’t working.
    0:59:30 So, stop trying and start trying to make yourself happy.
    0:59:34 Listen to the signals on the inside and try to make those signals happy.
    0:59:37 Irrespective of how painful it feels.
    0:59:41 Because you will get better at managing the pain.
    0:59:43 Whatever you do, you will get better at.
    0:59:49 The problem is that we end up trying to make everybody else happy, avoiding all of our emotions.
    0:59:52 And so then we become puppets to the world around us.
    0:59:57 Dr. Alok Kanogia, known as Dr. K, is a psychiatrist and co-founder
    1:00:00 of the mental health coaching company Healthy Gamer,
    1:00:02 which aims to help with modern stressors,
    1:00:05 including social media, video games, and online dating.
    1:00:08 He joins us from his home in Houston.
    1:00:12 And also we should note that Dr. K is also a popular Twitch streamer
    1:00:14 who engages with audiences by discussing mental health,
    1:00:18 addressing issues including addiction, motivation, and depression.
    1:00:20 The Good Doctor has a book out
    1:00:24 How to Raise a Healthy Gamer and Power Struggles Break Bad Screen Habits
    1:00:26 and Transfer your Relationships with Your Kids.
    1:00:28 It was published last year.
    1:00:30 I really enjoyed this conversation, Dr.
    1:00:33 If any, I find your story inspiring.
    1:00:39 I mean, what I just would want to, I wish what has happened to you for more people.
    1:00:42 I think it’s such a neat story and such a nice,
    1:00:46 just so nice to hear about a young man who kind of comes off the rails and then ends up,
    1:00:49 you know, on the fucking Concorde somehow.
    1:00:51 I just think it’s such a nice story.
    1:00:54 Congratulations on all your blessings and your success.
    1:01:04 [Music]
    1:01:06 This episode was produced by Jennifer Sanchez.
    1:01:08 Our intern is Dan Shalon.
    1:01:10 Drew Burroughs is our technical director.
    1:01:13 Thank you for listening to the PropG pod from the Vox Media Podcast Network.
    1:01:18 We will catch you on Saturday for No Mercer No Mouse, as read by George Hahn.
    1:01:23 And please follow our PropG Markets pod wherever you get your pods for new episodes
    1:01:27 every Monday and Thursday.
    1:01:37 [BLANK_AUDIO]

    Dr. Alok Kanojia (Dr. K), a psychiatrist and co-founder of the mental health coaching company ‘Healthy Gamer,’ joins Scott to discuss how tech addiction affects mental health, the science of relationships, and the challenges men face today.

    Follow Dr. K, @HealthyGamerGG.

    Scott opens with a conversation on what can be done. 

    Subscribe to No Mercy / No Malice

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  • The Man That Makes Millionaires: Turn $100 to $10k With This Step By Step Formula & Build An Audience From 0 Followers! Alex Hormozi

    中文
    Tiếng Việt
    AI transcript
    0:00:03 If you want to make more money, you might want to consider doing this.
    0:00:09 So number one is hold that thought just a second because the thing that comes before the man is misgraph of yours.
    0:00:12 Oh god, this is the entrepreneur life cycle and there are six stages.
    0:00:15 Now the vast majority of people get stuck on stage three.
    0:00:23 I’ve made some of the biggest career mistakes at this point and you end up living the same six months for 20 straight years suffering until you learn how to break free from it.
    0:00:24 I want to go through the whole thing.
    0:00:26 This is going to be awesome.
    0:00:29 Alex Hormosi is the master of business strategy.
    0:00:34 An artist in scaling companies into the millions and a leading voice in how to craft your way to success.
    0:00:36 He’s an entrepreneurial powerhouse.
    0:00:42 Whether you’re starting out or want to go from $1 million to $10 million, there are certain behaviors and actions that will increase the likelihood of success that we’re going to go through.
    0:00:45 But here’s the really hard truth that a lot of people don’t like talking about.
    0:00:47 Entrepreneurs must be willing to make impossible choices.
    0:00:49 Have the courage to be willing to be wrong.
    0:00:53 Have shame by failing at things in front of people whose opinions they care about.
    0:00:57 And that fear keeps people stuck in a job and a life they don’t want for years.
    0:00:58 And that was my path.
    0:01:02 I had a white collar job, condo, overlooking the city, every things according to plan.
    0:01:07 And I remember thinking like I didn’t want to be alive because I was so afraid.
    0:01:12 But once you get over the fear, it unleashes this whole new realm of possibility of being able to do what you want.
    0:01:15 And that is when you can learn the real game of entrepreneurship.
    0:01:18 Such as knowing that business ideas typically come from one of three P’s.
    0:01:19 You only need one of those three.
    0:01:21 And then there’s the four R’s for customer success.
    0:01:23 How to learn new skills quickly.
    0:01:24 How to stand out in a competitive market.
    0:01:26 The winning strategy for 2025.
    0:01:28 And so much more.
    0:01:30 So where shall I start?
    0:01:36 I find it incredibly fascinating that when we look at the back end of Spotify and Apple and our audio channels,
    0:01:41 the majority of people that watch this podcast haven’t yet hit the follow button or the subscribe button.
    0:01:44 Wherever you’re listening to this, I would like to make a deal with you.
    0:01:47 If you could do me a huge favor and hit that subscribe button,
    0:01:52 I will work tirelessly from now until forever to make the show better and better and better and better.
    0:01:54 I can’t tell you how much it helps when you hit that subscribe button.
    0:01:57 The show gets bigger, which means we can expand the production,
    0:02:01 bring in all the guests you want to see, and continue to do in this thing we love.
    0:02:03 If you could do me that small favor and hit the follow button,
    0:02:05 wherever you’re listening to this, that would mean the world to me.
    0:02:07 That is the only favor I will ever ask you.
    0:02:09 Thank you so much for your time. Back to this episode.
    0:02:16 Alex, if someone’s just clicked on this conversation,
    0:02:19 and they’re considering listening for the next couple of hours,
    0:02:23 based on everything that you do for the millions of entrepreneurs that follow you,
    0:02:29 that read your books, can you tell me exactly why you believe they should stay and listen,
    0:02:30 and who should stay and listen?
    0:02:34 At acquisition.com, we scale businesses.
    0:02:39 The content that I generate that we put out, conversations like this,
    0:02:43 helps people who are going from zero to one, just getting off the ground,
    0:02:45 to helping people go from one million to 10 million,
    0:02:50 to helping the entrepreneurs going from 10 to 100, either get there or exit along the way.
    0:02:58 And there are frameworks that cross all three of those that I consider both deep and wide
    0:03:03 that help any business navigate whatever strategic decision is in front of them
    0:03:05 to get the highest potential return for their time.
    0:03:11 And so if you’re listening or watching, then if one of those frameworks
    0:03:15 applies immediately to your business and allows you to pull five years forward
    0:03:17 in your career, I would say that’s a pretty good return on time.
    0:03:19 For the people that are at zero.
    0:03:20 Yeah.
    0:03:24 What is it that they’re typically coming to you to help them with?
    0:03:27 So if you were one of them, what is it that they want from Alex?
    0:03:32 I think it’s, there’s what they think they want and what they actually need,
    0:03:35 which are two different things.
    0:03:42 And so I think what they think they want is some tactic that’s going to immediately
    0:03:43 help them start a business.
    0:03:53 What they typically actually need is the courage to be willing to be wrong
    0:03:59 and to be willing to have shame by failing at things in front of people
    0:04:00 whose opinions they care about.
    0:04:06 And I think that’s, if I rewind the clock for me, it was probably one of the hardest
    0:04:07 things that I had to get over.
    0:04:10 And so I think that’s why maybe my message resonates with a lot of people
    0:04:13 is because it was so hard for me to get over.
    0:04:15 And what’s interesting is basically anybody who’s listening,
    0:04:20 the harder it is for you to break free of whatever kind of mental prison you’ve
    0:04:24 made for yourself, whether that’s real or just in your head,
    0:04:27 the more compelling your story will be when you break through it.
    0:04:30 Because it will resonate with even more people.
    0:04:35 For the people that it was easy that their story doesn’t have a lot of like,
    0:04:37 I was immediately an entrepreneur, like I wasn’t like that.
    0:04:39 I had a job when I was in high school.
    0:04:41 I had a job immediately out of college.
    0:04:44 Some people were like, I was selling lemonade out of the back of my thing
    0:04:45 when I was 13.
    0:04:46 I didn’t do any of that.
    0:04:47 School failed me.
    0:04:48 I actually was pretty good at school.
    0:04:51 I didn’t have any of those issues, you know what I mean?
    0:04:53 And so I had a pretty clear career path.
    0:04:57 And so I had what many would consider like, I had a real opportunity cost.
    0:05:02 So I had a white collar job and I had a GMAT score above Harvard’s midscore.
    0:05:07 And so I had a really clear path of what my life could look like in the next 20,
    0:05:07 30 years.
    0:05:09 And it was fairly well-defined.
    0:05:12 Like I’ll go to Harvard or Stanford or one of the top business schools.
    0:05:14 And then I will either go back into management consulting,
    0:05:17 I’ll go into investment banking, and then eventually end up in private equity.
    0:05:20 And that would be the path, right?
    0:05:22 And then all the flowers would be set at my feet.
    0:05:24 And you know, everyone would say, we approve of you.
    0:05:26 You’re an excellent person.
    0:05:28 But when I saw the people who were 20 years ahead of me,
    0:05:30 I really didn’t want their life.
    0:05:32 And then it started making me look at my life.
    0:05:34 And I was like, I don’t even know if I really want my life.
    0:05:38 And so the big decisions that I’ve made in my life,
    0:05:44 unfortunately, have almost always come at the doorstep of apparent death.
    0:05:48 And I think maybe in some ways that makes me a coward
    0:05:52 for having needed death to make decisions.
    0:05:57 And so operationalizing that has been something that has helped me move faster
    0:06:00 to make decisions that I know I need to make, but don’t.
    0:06:06 And so the first big kind of what felt like a death decision was,
    0:06:09 I was a consultant, 22-ish years old.
    0:06:13 I had a paid for condo that I bought overlooking the city.
    0:06:17 And I remember thinking, I really hope I don’t wake up tomorrow.
    0:06:21 And that, and I don’t mean that to be melodramatic.
    0:06:25 I just, for a period of time, I just always just hoped every night.
    0:06:26 I was like, I just really hope I don’t wake up tomorrow.
    0:06:27 Like, I just don’t want to do this.
    0:06:31 And what was difficult about that was that at that time
    0:06:33 was when my father was most proud of me,
    0:06:37 because I was doing everything that was according to plan.
    0:06:40 He could talk about like his son who graduated in three years from Vanderbilt,
    0:06:44 had the good job, like everything was, we’re following the plan.
    0:06:53 And it was upon realizing that my ultimate expression of living out his dream
    0:06:55 was me feeling like I didn’t want to be alive.
    0:07:01 And so in, and it took me time to get to that point to even articulate that,
    0:07:04 because obviously you never want to kind of like admit failure
    0:07:06 of like, I have really messed something up here.
    0:07:09 But I was living my life to win someone else’s game.
    0:07:15 And when I realized that, I realized that one of our dreams had to die,
    0:07:17 either his or mine.
    0:07:22 And when I realized that his dream must die in order for mine to live
    0:07:28 was a statement that I kind of crystallized when I was at that point in my life.
    0:07:31 Like I had to keep repeating that, like his dream has to die in order for mine to live.
    0:07:37 And so to put this in perspective of like how afraid of my father’s judgment I was,
    0:07:39 I left the state and drove across the country halfway through
    0:07:42 before calling him to tell him that I was gone.
    0:07:45 And so I bring this up because I don’t try, I’m not trying to be dramatic here,
    0:07:48 but I’m saying that if you feel a lot of pressure, I get it.
    0:07:52 Like I tried to leave the job that I was at to pursue just literally anything
    0:07:55 that wasn’t that, just I wanted to start a business at some point.
    0:07:57 I didn’t know how I was going to do it.
    0:08:00 I just knew that what I was doing was not the path I wanted to be on.
    0:08:03 And everybody around me wanted me to be on that path.
    0:08:06 And so I went to go be like, hey, I’m thinking about doing something else.
    0:08:12 And, you know, it would always be that later, later, like everything’s good later, you know.
    0:08:15 And I remember when I called my dad and I told him that he said,
    0:08:17 understand, why don’t you come home?
    0:08:18 Like come home.
    0:08:20 Well, I didn’t tell him that I was, I was gone yet.
    0:08:23 Like I said, hey, I want to go pursue this fitness thing.
    0:08:26 He said, cool, come over for lunch.
    0:08:27 We’ll talk about it.
    0:08:30 You know, and I was like, I’m already gone.
    0:08:32 And then obviously his tone changed a lot.
    0:08:37 And, you know, our relationship struggled for, you know, years after that.
    0:08:42 And I also bring that up because sometimes there’s this illusion that like,
    0:08:44 you know, you get on the Oscar stage or whatever it is.
    0:08:46 And you’re like, hey, I just want to thank, you know, my mom, my dad,
    0:08:48 my friends for always supporting me.
    0:08:51 And I can’t say that.
    0:08:53 And I wish I could.
    0:08:54 And you might not be able to say that either.
    0:08:57 And I also don’t think that’s a reason not to do it.
    0:09:02 And so we did struggle for years after that to kind of like,
    0:09:07 because I was basically living as what was once his prodigal son goes
    0:09:09 and takes a minimum wage job as a personal trainer at a gym.
    0:09:14 Like, you know, cleaning floors and stuff to learn, just to learn the gym business.
    0:09:18 But that was ultimately like how I broke free, literally, you know, physically,
    0:09:21 leaving the area and, you know, mentally.
    0:09:26 But I think that I had to accept that there was a timeline
    0:09:27 where my father would never talk to me again.
    0:09:31 And I had to be okay with that to pursue what I wanted.
    0:09:32 And I think that when you asked the original question,
    0:09:34 what are the people from zero to one really looking for?
    0:09:37 I read tons of business books at that time.
    0:09:40 But I couldn’t use any of them because I was so afraid.
    0:09:44 And what’s crazy is that like, I think about it now in retrospect,
    0:09:49 and it’s like, it’s crazy how large the perceived monsters can appear.
    0:09:55 And Layla has this quote that I love, but it’s, “Fear is a mile wide an inch deep.”
    0:09:58 And so you look at it and it looks like this ocean.
    0:10:00 And then you take the first step and you realize you don’t drown.
    0:10:02 Because it’s like, oh, there’s ground underneath of this, right?
    0:10:05 There’s other people who are more on my path.
    0:10:08 And the friends you lose, you gain new friends, right?
    0:10:15 And so that fear was the hardest decision that I’ve had to overcome in my entrepreneurial career.
    0:10:19 And I think of all of the split paths in my life,
    0:10:23 that was the one that if I had many timelines or many universes that existed,
    0:10:26 that was probably the one that is the most likely that I would not have parted from.
    0:10:30 So I think in like 90% of universes that Alex from Ozzy exists,
    0:10:31 I’m just a consultant somewhere.
    0:10:37 And so I would encourage you if you do feel that you’re not going to die.
    0:10:41 Like you won’t die and you might just live.
    0:10:46 It’s so interesting because I think everything you’ve said is just absolutely spot on.
    0:10:51 But you’re right in the way you say that if you’d asked an audience member listening now,
    0:10:54 why they haven’t started yet, they wouldn’t say fear.
    0:10:57 They would say, “I haven’t got the X. I haven’t got the Y.”
    0:10:59 But actually it is such an emotional thing.
    0:11:02 And we don’t talk about that enough because uncertainty is,
    0:11:04 humans seem to be allergic to uncertainty.
    0:11:08 And they’d rather there’s certain misery of that current situation typically than uncertainty.
    0:11:16 And I think, and I used what I consider a very non-palatable word of coward purposefully,
    0:11:19 because no one wants to say they’re afraid.
    0:11:21 Because if you say you’re afraid, then it means you’re a coward.
    0:11:24 And I think that it only means you’re a coward.
    0:11:31 If you don’t, if you allow that fear to change your behavior in an aversive way,
    0:11:33 as in it not towards what you want.
    0:11:37 And so the inverse of that, many people have heard it,
    0:11:39 courage is not acting without fear, but despite fear.
    0:11:49 And I think that when you act, when you allow fear to change your behavior the wrong way,
    0:11:52 that is when you can give yourself that title of coward.
    0:11:54 And I think that that is a title that I have feared my whole life.
    0:12:00 And that label is almost more afraid of that label than the label of failure.
    0:12:02 I’d rather be a failure than a coward.
    0:12:05 Is there a framework for knowing when to quit?
    0:12:10 So I think there’s the, there’s like the math behind it.
    0:12:11 And the math I think is pretty straightforward.
    0:12:14 So like, when do you quit your business?
    0:12:19 I like, you’ve saved up three to six months of personal savings, number one.
    0:12:22 Number two is that you have started something because nowadays in the digital age,
    0:12:26 you can begin a business on the side that can generate income.
    0:12:30 And that income in the small amount of time that you’re not working,
    0:12:35 replaces or at least matches the existing income you have from your, your current job.
    0:12:39 And you’ve been able to do that or demonstrate that income for like three to six months.
    0:12:43 If you do that, that’s a very like math way of approaching it.
    0:12:46 That also is basically never the reason that people aren’t quitting their job.
    0:12:50 Like that’s a really, like I have, I have, I have backlog.
    0:12:52 I’ve matched my current income with my part-time work.
    0:12:56 And if I just put my full-time work, I would probably make more very reasonable,
    0:12:59 but never actually the reason that people don’t do it.
    0:13:03 I was, I was thinking about the two sort of reasons why someone might quit something
    0:13:05 or feel like they want to quit.
    0:13:07 And one of them is clearly because it’s hard.
    0:13:08 And that’s obviously not reason enough to quit.
    0:13:10 And then there’s another one, which you were speaking to there,
    0:13:15 which is it’s not moving me towards a meaningful goal, irrespective of how hard it is.
    0:13:17 Like a marathon, you’re raising money for a charity you care about.
    0:13:18 It’s hard, but you don’t quit.
    0:13:22 And then there’s maybe if you’re running a marathon for no apparent reason,
    0:13:24 you know, there was no charity.
    0:13:25 There was no one watching.
    0:13:27 There was no like fitness benefit.
    0:13:30 Then that’s a good, I guess, moment to consider quitting.
    0:13:33 My story mimics yours in a way that I didn’t realize.
    0:13:38 I didn’t realize you went through a similar thing in terms of the parents’ disownship.
    0:13:46 No real great option to flee to, but feeling like the current path that would have led me to be,
    0:13:50 I don’t know, a business management student was significantly worse on balance than
    0:13:52 taking the risk.
    0:13:55 But I think maybe a point of distinction is it didn’t,
    0:13:57 I was so naive that it didn’t feel like a risk.
    0:14:02 Yeah, so what’s really interesting about that is the guarantee.
    0:14:05 And so a lot of times we don’t, we don’t look at what I call the don’t,
    0:14:07 which is like the, the alternate path.
    0:14:11 And so if I had played out my existing path,
    0:14:14 I had a guarantee of outcome I didn’t want.
    0:14:15 It was just out of delay.
    0:14:20 Whereas here there’s a chance that I can make it.
    0:14:24 And so one of the final kind of frameworks for making the decision was
    0:14:28 guarantee bad chance at good.
    0:14:31 And I was like, well, I might as well take a chance.
    0:14:38 And I strongly encourage thinking about playing it out.
    0:14:46 And so what I mean by that is like, I think fear exists in the vague, not in the specific.
    0:14:51 And so when you say, I’m going to quit my job and then what if this doesn’t work?
    0:14:53 I’m going to failure tons of fear.
    0:14:59 If I say, I’m going to quit my job and then I’m going to try and start a business.
    0:15:03 And if the business doesn’t work, I’ll probably have a compelling story
    0:15:05 that I could tell for business school if I wanted to,
    0:15:08 to show that I had some entrepreneurial slant.
    0:15:11 In the meantime, I could use that experience plus my job experience
    0:15:14 to probably get another or maybe even better job.
    0:15:17 In the meantime, and match or, or supersede my existing income.
    0:15:21 And the actual loss would be maybe the savings that I’d saved up.
    0:15:24 But if I’m younger or I haven’t made as much money as I want,
    0:15:26 then that’s never been the amount of money that would be material anyways
    0:15:28 on the grand scheme of what I would like to make.
    0:15:35 And in terms of living situation, I will worst case go back to my parents house
    0:15:38 with my tail between my legs or sleep at a friend’s couch
    0:15:42 because I have enough people that would be willing to put me up in a garage if I had to.
    0:15:46 And so it’s like, okay, so my actual worst case scenario is just like,
    0:15:50 I have a cool story and maybe some shame that I is self-inflicted
    0:15:52 because it’s not like no one else cares really.
    0:15:55 But it’s self-inflicted shame and maybe a detour or a different story
    0:15:58 that I have to tell later on in my career.
    0:16:01 Not as much fear there, right?
    0:16:04 But like the first one, like I’ll fail, everyone will hate me and I’ll die.
    0:16:09 The first one sounded like it was written by your like amygdala, like the fearsome.
    0:16:11 And the second one was pure like prefrontal cortex.
    0:16:12 It was all logic.
    0:16:12 Yeah.
    0:16:14 And I’m wondering, you know, as you’re going into that decision,
    0:16:16 obviously fear is going to lead it.
    0:16:19 So of course you’re going to go for option one where you just think about the downside.
    0:16:23 Maybe there’s a practice that allows you to get into your prefrontal cortex into logic.
    0:16:27 I think that’s, I actually, so I think you nailed it and said it way better than I did.
    0:16:33 But I think that’s, I think going from vague to specific basically disengages your amygdala because
    0:16:38 it’s, it can’t reason the logic chain of causation and causality of what’s going to
    0:16:40 happen next in a chain of events.
    0:16:43 And so when you get into the specific of it, all of a sudden you’re like,
    0:16:48 okay, I’m not going to be homeless and then shamed and die.
    0:16:54 I might live in inferior living conditions for a short period, which by the way,
    0:16:57 when you’re later on in your life, you’ll look back and think of as the good old days
    0:16:58 because I can’t believe I was couchsurfing.
    0:17:00 I was pursuing my dreams.
    0:17:00 Right.
    0:17:03 It’s only like in the moment that it feels bad when you look back.
    0:17:05 Like even, I find this hilarious.
    0:17:08 Like, like how long after you do something embarrassing, is it funny?
    0:17:10 Right.
    0:17:13 Like at some point for almost all of us with enough time,
    0:17:14 the shameful experience becomes funny.
    0:17:19 And so if it is going to become funny eventually, it might as well become funny now.
    0:17:22 And so it’s just like pulling the time horizon up.
    0:17:25 But all of that’s prefrontal cortex decision making.
    0:17:29 And so, no, but I think that’s exactly like, I think that nailed it because when I thought
    0:17:33 about this, this decision, obviously I had my very emotional statement around like his
    0:17:35 dream has to die for mine to live.
    0:17:36 Yes.
    0:17:38 Also logic down tide risk here.
    0:17:41 I’ll have a story and I can always get my job back.
    0:17:42 Okay.
    0:17:45 And if I can’t get that job back, I’ll have other ones.
    0:17:46 That will be available.
    0:17:47 Fine.
    0:17:50 And if I have a downgrading and some people think that I’m not as successful as them,
    0:17:52 okay, I’ll not stop though.
    0:17:55 And so I think that that, that demystifies a lot of the fears.
    0:17:57 I think that applies not just for entrepreneurial fears.
    0:17:58 I think applies for any fear.
    0:18:01 Like, I’m going to talk, I can’t tell this person this bad news.
    0:18:02 All right, let’s play it out.
    0:18:04 I say something and then they’re going to kill me.
    0:18:05 Probably not.
    0:18:06 So what’s going to happen?
    0:18:10 I’ll say these words and then they’ll flip the table.
    0:18:11 They’ll, they’ll flick me off.
    0:18:15 They’ll maybe just feel hurt and maybe they’ll cry.
    0:18:16 Maybe they’ll shout.
    0:18:16 Okay.
    0:18:17 Okay.
    0:18:18 If they shouted at me, what would I do?
    0:18:20 Like, and you just kind of play it out and you’re like, okay,
    0:18:24 I think I have like most of these conditions prepared for it.
    0:18:25 And then all of a sudden you can like have those things.
    0:18:30 What you also said is that in the face of guaranteed misery,
    0:18:31 any option is better.
    0:18:32 Yeah.
    0:18:33 And like, it’s real.
    0:18:34 You get to live once.
    0:18:34 Yeah.
    0:18:38 So like, why would guaranteed misery be better than any available option?
    0:18:40 It’s the latest counting.
    0:18:43 That’s what’s crazy is delay discounting happens both ways.
    0:18:48 Like, so like you set your alarm for five AM at night and you’re like,
    0:18:49 I’m going to wake up at five.
    0:18:51 But that’s because you’re delaying the pain of waking up.
    0:18:54 And when it’s immediate, when I have to quit the job,
    0:18:56 like I’ll quit my job tomorrow for 20 years.
    0:19:02 And so it’s just like, we always, we delay the fact that we’re going to be miserable
    0:19:07 into the present to like, like we massively discount what a whole lifetime of misery would be.
    0:19:08 Amen.
    0:19:11 When you’re thinking about what to pursue.
    0:19:13 So say you’ve left the job, you’ve quit the thing.
    0:19:14 When you’re thinking about what to pursue,
    0:19:21 how much of that is a decision derived from self-awareness?
    0:19:23 Because, you know, they’ll, someone will look at you now and be like,
    0:19:24 Oh, no, Alex did this.
    0:19:29 So I’m going to start a acquisition.com, you know, or they’ll say,
    0:19:33 I want to, I saw Steve Jobs did that thing with the computers.
    0:19:35 I’m going to start Apple or Elon.
    0:19:36 I’m going to do the spaceships.
    0:19:39 How much do you have to know thyself to know what to pursue?
    0:19:41 Man, this is a really good question.
    0:19:44 So there’s a tweet that I love by Andrew Wilkinson,
    0:19:50 which is every entrepreneur ever colon, here’s the winning number for my lottery ticket.
    0:19:55 And so it’s like, every entrepreneur will say, here’s the winning lottery ticket.
    0:19:59 But it’s like, that game already, that drawing already happened.
    0:20:00 Ah, okay.
    0:20:00 Yeah.
    0:20:00 Right.
    0:20:01 And so like, you can’t cash that ticket in.
    0:20:02 It’s already done.
    0:20:05 And so people say the word first principles.
    0:20:06 No one really knows what it means.
    0:20:11 I mean, some people do, but I think far more people say it than know what it means.
    0:20:16 And so basically there are foundational truths of business that, that exist.
    0:20:19 And the conditions of the environment will change.
    0:20:23 And so you have to apply those truths to whatever the current condition is.
    0:20:26 And so that’s what I try and tease out with the books and the stuff that I,
    0:20:27 that I put out in content.
    0:20:30 But at the end of the day, you have an input of time,
    0:20:32 like zooming all the way out.
    0:20:35 If the goal, assuming that your goal is to make money.
    0:20:35 Okay.
    0:20:37 Like, and this is just a purely economic business goal.
    0:20:42 Then you have time, which is the primary currency that you trade it,
    0:20:44 and you make dollars over a period of time.
    0:20:46 And so I tend to reject the idea of like, never,
    0:20:49 you know, never trade time for dollars or anything like that,
    0:20:51 because everyone trades time for dollars.
    0:20:53 It’s just, some of us are more efficient at it than others.
    0:20:57 But even exchanges that occurred that just are not denominated in time,
    0:20:58 still occur over time.
    0:21:03 And so you have this foundational unit of time, which you’re going to give in.
    0:21:06 What we’re seeking is the highest return on that time.
    0:21:10 And so they’re, you know, within a business context,
    0:21:14 there’s kind of three levels of things that have to occur in a business.
    0:21:15 You have to, you know, attract attention.
    0:21:16 You have to convert attention.
    0:21:18 Then you have to deliver something for that attention.
    0:21:21 And in each of those things, you want as much leverage as possible.
    0:21:25 So you want as little time as possible required to get the most output.
    0:21:29 And so I have built acquisitions.com on basically two primary theses,
    0:21:34 which are in the logo, which is this is a fulcrum for leverage.
    0:21:36 For people that can’t see, it’s like a triangle.
    0:21:38 Yeah. So it’s like a triangle or the Illuminati,
    0:21:41 because that always gets brought up, right?
    0:21:43 So we’ve got the fulcrum for leverage.
    0:21:45 And then inside of it, you have supply and demand.
    0:21:48 And I see those as the two foundational principles of business.
    0:21:52 And so, which is you need supply and demand to have a business
    0:21:55 and then leverage to get as much out of it as you possibly can.
    0:21:59 And so when you’re looking at the assets that you have,
    0:22:02 assets can also be skills, resources, what you have available to you.
    0:22:06 Now, if you have nothing, then all you have is your brain, your hands,
    0:22:08 and the time that you have that you can put towards learning something,
    0:22:10 which is why I’m a big fan of skill acquisition
    0:22:13 as one of the primary things that you can do is educating yourself.
    0:22:18 And not formally educating, but informally or alternatively educating yourself
    0:22:19 on super tactical things.
    0:22:22 Once you get over the fear, then you start asking,
    0:22:24 okay, how do I let people know about my stuff?
    0:22:26 And what do I let them know?
    0:22:30 Right. And so you have to have something to sell, which is the offer.
    0:22:32 And ideally, you want the offer to have as much leverage as possible.
    0:22:34 Like, so if you sold software or you sold media,
    0:22:38 those are things that you can cut once, sell a thousand times.
    0:22:42 If you have a conversion mechanism,
    0:22:44 it’s like you can’t have it be automated like a checkout page
    0:22:47 or some sort of video sales letter or something like that,
    0:22:49 where people just buy without a phone salesperson.
    0:22:50 If you add a phone salesperson, there’s less leverage.
    0:22:55 Not to say that’s wrong, but you want to have the highest leverage opportunity.
    0:22:59 And then from the deliverability perspective,
    0:23:02 I kind of talked about deliverability first,
    0:23:04 but from the advertising perspective,
    0:23:07 if you reach out to people one-on-one,
    0:23:09 that’s lower leverage than being able to make one piece of content
    0:23:10 that a million people see.
    0:23:13 Right. And so over time, you go from low leverage to high leverage,
    0:23:14 where you have the same inputs,
    0:23:16 but you just get significantly more for your output.
    0:23:18 And that fundamentally is like,
    0:23:20 if we’re reasoning out from first principles,
    0:23:22 how do I get the said differently?
    0:23:24 The question that someone I think is really asking is,
    0:23:26 how do I get the most for what I put in?
    0:23:30 And you have to reason within your current context
    0:23:32 of your skills and your resources and your assets
    0:23:35 in order to derive that solution for you.
    0:23:37 So if someone walks up to you in the street and they say,
    0:23:39 “Alex, what idea should I pursue? I’ve just quit my job.”
    0:23:39 Yeah, right.
    0:23:44 So I would say business ideas typically come from one of three Ps.
    0:23:47 So it comes from a pain that you’re currently experiencing,
    0:23:49 a past profession.
    0:23:50 So the thing that you just quit,
    0:23:52 or some of the jobs that you just quit, or a passion.
    0:23:54 So it’s something that you’re inherently interested in,
    0:23:56 that you would spend your time doing anyways.
    0:23:59 Some skill that you learned while you were in the workforce,
    0:24:02 which by the way is one of the most proven ways of making money,
    0:24:04 because the economy has already shown you
    0:24:08 that people are willing to exchange money for that specific job.
    0:24:11 And so in the world of gig economies and solar printers,
    0:24:14 every business can be dismantled into just jobs being done,
    0:24:17 and all of those jobs can be fractionalized.
    0:24:20 So we look at any business, you’ve got sales,
    0:24:23 you’ve got marketing, you’ve got customer success,
    0:24:25 you’ve got customer support if you want to differentiate that.
    0:24:28 You’ve got product, you’ve got design, you’ve got web pages.
    0:24:30 There’s so many different components to a business,
    0:24:31 you just need to learn one of them.
    0:24:34 And then it’s like, boom, you have a skill that you can trade for money
    0:24:36 that you don’t have anybody else to report to.
    0:24:41 And then pain is usually, I think, in some ways,
    0:24:44 sometimes one of the biggest drivers,
    0:24:46 it’s like you had an eating allergy,
    0:24:53 and you couldn’t find pancakes that dealt with your specific eating allergy.
    0:24:55 And you bet that there’s a decent amount of other people
    0:24:57 with that allergy that also like pancakes.
    0:25:00 And so then you make pancakes that are delicious and amazing,
    0:25:02 that also cater to people with that food allergy,
    0:25:04 and then all of a sudden you have a business based on pain.
    0:25:07 And why does that matter, the pain part?
    0:25:11 What leverage and advantage does it give you for the next five years?
    0:25:16 I think that deep knowledge of the prospect is paramount,
    0:25:19 or very important, for creating exceptional products.
    0:25:23 And you can either do that by doing a ton and ton of research,
    0:25:24 or by being the prospect.
    0:25:29 And there’s a certain amount of visceral feel that you’ll note.
    0:25:31 Like if someone wants to make a nose product for breathing,
    0:25:35 I have tried every product since I was in eighth grade.
    0:25:39 So it’s been 20 plus years, a lot of years, that since then.
    0:25:40 And I’ve tried everything.
    0:25:43 And so I know the pros and cons of every product that exists in the market.
    0:25:47 And it’s not like, oh, I tried it for a day.
    0:25:49 It’s like, I’ll try things for a month at a time.
    0:25:52 And so I have so much time exposure to this problem
    0:25:56 that I have a lot of nuance in my opinion on what’s wrong with the solutions.
    0:25:59 So I can formulate a way better hypothesis on how to fix it.
    0:26:03 And that hypothesis will be for an investor so much more compelling
    0:26:06 because you lead with a story as opposed to logic.
    0:26:09 I met the guy who invested in Regal Cinemas,
    0:26:11 which is probably the biggest chain in the U.S.
    0:26:15 And it was when it was, there was a guy who had just won theater.
    0:26:17 And it became the obvious COVID has disrupted that business.
    0:26:20 But for 20 years or whatever, they crushed.
    0:26:24 And he said, it was so weird to say that, oh, cinemas are going to make a comeback
    0:26:27 because they’d kind of been on a downturn or something like that during
    0:26:28 the time that he was making the investment.
    0:26:32 And he said, the reason I decided to invest in it was because this guy knew
    0:26:35 everything about the business down to how much the cost of a kernel of popcorn was.
    0:26:40 And he just knew it so like the back of his hand that he was like, this guy can’t fail.
    0:26:43 Like he just knows too much about this business to not have it work.
    0:26:45 And so he invested in, you know, making a gazillion dollars.
    0:26:50 And so, but I think that deep understanding, and if you look at all of these,
    0:26:52 the passion things, you’ll have deep understanding because you’re spending
    0:26:55 all of your discretionary time pursuing this passion.
    0:26:59 The pain, you have a deep understanding of the problem
    0:27:02 and the prospects going through it because you’ve experienced it probably for years.
    0:27:05 Now, the professional one, I would say is a bit of a shortcut
    0:27:09 because if you’re quitting the job because you don’t like it.
    0:27:12 And then you say, I’m now going to do this for myself.
    0:27:15 Well, you’re okay.
    0:27:21 I mean, well, the one proven point about that is that that one is proven to work
    0:27:23 from an economic perspective.
    0:27:26 You will be able to make money doing that because you already have made money doing it.
    0:27:29 These other two are less proven, but sometimes have a significantly more upside.
    0:27:32 When you were talking about the breathing example with your nose,
    0:27:35 it’s funny because if you had sat down and said to me, Steve, I’ve made these like breathing nose
    0:27:39 strips, they are better, they’re 20% more durable, they expand your nostrils by 20%.
    0:27:46 It is multiples less compelling than you telling me that story you just said about being a kid,
    0:27:49 having breathing problems, trying to solve this problem for yourself.
    0:27:53 And it’s funny because that story you told versus the sort of rational, logical approach
    0:27:59 or the benefits approach is your marketing campaign for the next five years on TikTok
    0:28:02 and Instagram. It’s I had a problem, I solved it.
    0:28:04 I would try everything and solved it for myself.
    0:28:06 There’s almost like nothing more compelling and believable.
    0:28:06 No.
    0:28:07 We see that and Dragon’s done.
    0:28:09 It will be sat there listening to these pictures all day.
    0:28:12 Then someone will come in and say, I had ADHD.
    0:28:13 I tried energy products.
    0:28:15 They all made me crash.
    0:28:17 So I went out and solved this problem for myself.
    0:28:20 And we’re on edge because we almost can’t argue with it at that point.
    0:28:21 Yeah.
    0:28:25 So Bezos has this great framework where he talks about missionaries and mercenaries.
    0:28:29 And so it’s kind of like you have the guy who says, okay, I looked at market trends
    0:28:31 and this is a growing category.
    0:28:36 And I surveyed people and this was the result that came back.
    0:28:39 And so I believe that if we time this product right,
    0:28:43 at this point in the market, we’ll achieve huge mass adoption, blah, blah, blah, blah.
    0:28:46 And it’s like lodging your way through.
    0:28:49 And to be fair, some people do make it work.
    0:28:54 But the missionaries, the ones that end up making the most money because they do it
    0:28:58 for the money because the business has to have some economic engine behind it.
    0:29:00 But really because they viscerally experience this problem
    0:29:03 and don’t want anyone else to deal with that problem either.
    0:29:05 And so if I were to tell that story like you were saying,
    0:29:09 like when I was in eighth grade, it was the first year that I started really noticing
    0:29:10 I couldn’t breathe at night.
    0:29:13 And so I learned how to fall asleep with my hand on my face like this
    0:29:16 so that my nostril would, so I could fall asleep in my hand would stay.
    0:29:20 Because there’s no actually other, because you can’t hold your, because you fall asleep, right?
    0:29:24 And so if I fall asleep with my hand like this, right, like I’m on the cap
    0:29:27 and I fall asleep like that, it keeps my nostril open.
    0:29:28 And I can fall asleep and it doesn’t move.
    0:29:33 And so that’s how I learned how to sleep for years before founding,
    0:29:35 like just like simple nasal strips and things like that.
    0:29:39 But there’s tons of problems with those solutions that exist right now
    0:29:40 that I won’t get into.
    0:29:42 But maybe someday I’ll make a nasal product.
    0:29:45 I think, I mean, you may try just to lift it.
    0:29:49 Yeah, I can tell you, if you put every product in front of me
    0:29:51 that exists right now, I can tell you what’s wrong with it.
    0:29:53 Because I’ve tried, I’ve tried literally all of them.
    0:29:54 Not like, I’m pretty obsessive.
    0:29:56 And so like, I’ve tried all of them.
    0:29:57 You listening an opportunity here on it.
    0:29:58 I’ve tried, I’ve tried the ones from Europe.
    0:30:00 I’ve tried the one, like not just U.S.
    0:30:03 Like I’ve tried, I’ve tried every product that exists on Amazon.
    0:30:05 I’ve tried all the ones from foreign countries.
    0:30:09 Every, every fan or follower who sends me a product that is a nasal company
    0:30:11 that’s new, I will try the product.
    0:30:12 I still do.
    0:30:17 And there has yet, there’s, there’s yet to be one that has truly solved it.
    0:30:18 I mean, you should.
    0:30:24 I mean, I think in some ways, so this is actually a really good meta concept here,
    0:30:28 which is that if you want to be compelling,
    0:30:32 a demonstration or a model is always more compelling than anything else.
    0:30:37 And so me even going through that entire narrative, right,
    0:30:40 is taking everyone else who’s been listening to this on some journey.
    0:30:44 And it’s like, if you want to make a compelling pitch for a business,
    0:30:46 it’s like, we pretty much just kind of went through one.
    0:30:50 And so that’s, that’s really what it comes down to.
    0:30:51 Which you’re like, well, what do I do with my business?
    0:30:56 It’s like, create your narrative of why you’re even doing this.
    0:30:58 And if you can explain to somebody why,
    0:30:59 why they should care about this problem,
    0:31:02 or more specifically why you care about this problem,
    0:31:05 I’ll tell you this, more investors will like,
    0:31:07 I might be like, I don’t care about kitchen utensils,
    0:31:09 but this girl certainly does.
    0:31:11 And I’m sure there’s other women who do too.
    0:31:13 And what everyone wants to see is obsession.
    0:31:16 And unfortunately in like some of the world,
    0:31:18 I know more in the UK than the US now,
    0:31:22 like that kind of perspective of like just being all in obsessed with stuff
    0:31:26 has almost been like bastard or like, you know, been chastised.
    0:31:31 And I, but the people who are obsessed with the ones who changed the world,
    0:31:32 at least changed their world.
    0:31:40 And, and I think that, so a very close friend of mine did all the Olympic teams,
    0:31:44 nutrition and supplementation stuff for a country overseas.
    0:31:47 And he said, you know the difference between champions and everyone else?
    0:31:48 And I was like, what?
    0:31:50 And he said, everyone always looks at them and says,
    0:31:54 what do champions have that I don’t have?
    0:31:56 And he said, it’s, they have it backwards.
    0:32:01 He said, it’s, what do champions not have that I have?
    0:32:02 It’s, what do they lack?
    0:32:03 And it’s an off button.
    0:32:05 They just don’t stop.
    0:32:08 And so in dealing with the gold medals that he’s like,
    0:32:09 they just never stop.
    0:32:10 They just can’t stop.
    0:32:13 Everything in their life is geared towards one goal.
    0:32:18 And so finding that thing and they approach everything in their life that way.
    0:32:22 And I think that that level of obsession around like
    0:32:29 everything that you touch on a daily basis is required for really getting to where you want to go.
    0:32:31 So interesting.
    0:32:37 Because as we spoke there about the reason why the story was so much more compelling,
    0:32:39 it was back to the amygdala.
    0:32:40 It was back to emotion.
    0:32:40 Right.
    0:32:43 And it’s funny because we said a second ago that when someone’s thinking about quitting a job,
    0:32:47 they’re like so in their amygdala, humans run mostly on their amygdala.
    0:32:51 So when we think about pitching, we should really be aiming at the same part of the brain,
    0:32:54 which is what you did when you showed me that you were sleeping as a kid with your hand
    0:32:56 of just stretching across your face.
    0:32:57 I immediately felt sorry for you.
    0:32:58 Felt sympathy.
    0:33:00 And I immediately believed that if anyone’s going to solve this problem,
    0:33:02 it is this fucking guy who’s been through that pain.
    0:33:03 I’ve had two surgeries.
    0:33:05 Both of them didn’t really work.
    0:33:06 Like, I mean, I’ve got the story.
    0:33:08 My girlfriend’s the same.
    0:33:08 What? Oh, really?
    0:33:09 Yeah.
    0:33:11 Two surgeries, which she’s coming up to her third one now.
    0:33:12 We’ve tried all the nose drips.
    0:33:13 I saw you wearing one.
    0:33:14 I bought that one for her.
    0:33:14 Yeah.
    0:33:17 And so there’s a lot of people watching right now.
    0:33:20 And there’s something going on with these bloody fucking noses.
    0:33:20 Yeah.
    0:33:21 People shouldn’t like–
    0:33:22 Yeah.
    0:33:23 We’re doing something.
    0:33:25 I feel like I may have publicized some of the nostril stuff.
    0:33:27 Yeah, it did, it did.
    0:33:28 Making it cool.
    0:33:30 Pain, profession, passion.
    0:33:31 Yeah.
    0:33:32 Ideally, you have all three.
    0:33:35 If you have all three, then you’re, I mean, my god, you’re set.
    0:33:38 Like, if you– if basically pain created an obsession,
    0:33:40 and for some reason you also were doing something like that in your work,
    0:33:43 like, I feel like the likelihood that you don’t succeed is almost nothing.
    0:33:45 You only need one of those three.
    0:33:46 You just pick one.
    0:33:49 Like, if you just had one pain that you had that you wanted to overcome,
    0:33:51 or one passion that you were just inherently interested.
    0:33:52 Because sometimes passion is nothing.
    0:33:54 Like, you might just be really into model cars.
    0:33:55 It’s OK.
    0:33:57 Well, there’s a lot of businesses that you can build around model cars.
    0:33:59 It’s like you can create– you can manufacture model cars.
    0:34:01 You can have services around model cars,
    0:34:03 making them faster because some people race model cars.
    0:34:06 You can be a collector and start flipping model cars.
    0:34:09 Like, you can just make media around how to build them
    0:34:10 and then have a media company around it.
    0:34:12 Like, there’s so many different components
    0:34:14 of any obsession or interest that you can make.
    0:34:18 I was talking to, on one of the future episodes of Mosey Tank,
    0:34:19 that’s coming out.
    0:34:21 We have a guy who’s– he loves Dungeons & Dragons.
    0:34:26 So he’s an IT guy and just loves Dungeons & Dragons.
    0:34:29 And he was like, “I just want this to make enough money
    0:34:30 that I don’t have to do IT.”
    0:34:34 And– but it was so pure, you know what I mean?
    0:34:36 And so I was like, “We’re going to help you do this.”
    0:34:37 And so we kind of walked through the business plan for it.
    0:34:40 But like, is he going to be a billionaire?
    0:34:42 No, but I also don’t think that’s his goal.
    0:34:45 And so I think being really clear on what you want is important.
    0:34:48 So if you’re like, “I want to be the richest person in the world.”
    0:34:49 I think it’s a terrible goal.
    0:34:50 But if you want that, great.
    0:34:54 Well, you have to have a multi-trillion dollar idea.
    0:34:57 Because now– because by the time that occurs,
    0:34:59 there’s already multi-trillion dollar companies now.
    0:35:00 So you’ve got to be looking at like,
    0:35:02 deck a trillion dollar opportunity.
    0:35:04 And so, believe it or not,
    0:35:05 basically the bigger the goal,
    0:35:07 the narrower the scope of the path to get there.
    0:35:09 If you’re like, “I want to make 10 million dollars.”
    0:35:12 I’m like, “You can literally do that in almost any business.”
    0:35:13 You want to make 100 million dollars?
    0:35:15 Probably still almost any business you can do it.
    0:35:17 On a long enough time horizon, you can do it.
    0:35:20 A trillion or deck a trillion, it’s going to be some sort of tech.
    0:35:22 It’s probably going to have some sort of AI.
    0:35:25 And so, you get basically the bigger the goal is,
    0:35:27 the narrower the scope of how to get there.
    0:35:28 But the vast majority of people are like,
    0:35:29 “I want to be the richest man in the world.”
    0:35:31 It’s just because they don’t know how to really think through it.
    0:35:33 And be like, “All right, well, after like 100,
    0:35:35 there’s really nothing you can’t do.”
    0:35:37 Except buy more big things.
    0:35:40 But in terms of your actual consumption, maybe even 20.
    0:35:43 It’s like, you can only eat at restaurants that go so expensive.
    0:35:44 You can only stay at the best hotels.
    0:35:45 You can only drive the nicest cars.
    0:35:46 You can do that with about 25 million.
    0:35:48 What do you think the cheat code is then?
    0:35:49 So I’ve got my idea.
    0:35:52 What do you think the cheat code is in 2025
    0:35:56 to win at the game of attention?
    0:35:58 Like there’s got to be some new rules here.
    0:35:59 Because we’ve got AI, we’ve got new platforms,
    0:36:00 we’ve got new media.
    0:36:05 You know, I’m going to give you a hypothetical business idea.
    0:36:06 I’m going to be a personal trainer.
    0:36:08 And I picked that because everyone can do it.
    0:36:10 And it’s a saturated industry.
    0:36:13 If I’m a personal trainer in the 2025,
    0:36:16 how should I be thinking about building attention?
    0:36:17 Mm-hmm.
    0:36:20 So I’ll tell you what I wouldn’t do first,
    0:36:23 which is I don’t think I try and out science the science people.
    0:36:27 Because unless you have some PhD, there is a PhD guy
    0:36:29 who’s already jacked, who’s making content.
    0:36:32 And so he’s more knowledgeable and more jacked than you.
    0:36:33 So you’re not going to win there.
    0:36:35 And so I think in the game of attention,
    0:36:37 it’s trying to find what is unique, right?
    0:36:41 And so how do you quote stand out when everyone’s loud?
    0:36:44 And this is going to sound trite,
    0:36:49 but your fingerprint is unique, literally from a biological perspective.
    0:36:52 But so is your life and your experiences.
    0:36:56 And so there’s real alpha or benefit to be had
    0:37:00 above normal level of effort by leaning into you.
    0:37:03 And so what makes every person unique
    0:37:05 is what makes their content unique.
    0:37:08 And so trying to be like, oh, I want to make content like Alex
    0:37:09 is probably not the best way to do it
    0:37:11 because you’re not going to beat me at being me.
    0:37:12 But you’ll beat me at being you.
    0:37:16 And so it’s basically your flavor of media.
    0:37:20 So for me, it’s like, what is my brand to model this?
    0:37:22 It’s like, well, I have elements of philosophy
    0:37:22 that are in my brand.
    0:37:24 Well, do I need that?
    0:37:25 No, but that’s kind of me.
    0:37:27 I obviously talk a ton about business,
    0:37:29 marketing and sales, promotion, conversion.
    0:37:31 Those are all things that I spend a lot of time thinking about.
    0:37:33 And so a lot of my content’s about that.
    0:37:35 Fitness is a component of my life.
    0:37:38 And so there’s light sprinkling of fitness in my content.
    0:37:40 Also, I come from a background of fitness
    0:37:43 with the gym launch and the companies that I own before that.
    0:37:47 And so that would make sense that– and I have my wife Layla.
    0:37:48 And so that’s sprinkled in.
    0:37:50 And so those are basically the components of my life.
    0:37:52 And so that’s what kind of shines through my content.
    0:37:53 I consume a ton of comedy.
    0:37:55 And so sometimes you’ll see some dry humor and dark humor
    0:37:56 that shines through.
    0:37:57 But that’s me.
    0:38:00 Now, you have all of those little buckets of you.
    0:38:03 And not only are those buckets unique,
    0:38:06 but also the proportions of those buckets will be different.
    0:38:08 And so maybe your philosophy is way bigger
    0:38:10 or maybe fitness part is way bigger.
    0:38:11 But I think what makes the truly unique
    0:38:14 personal trainer fitness brand is leaning into
    0:38:18 people being interested in you for being you.
    0:38:22 And then being like, by the way,
    0:38:24 I have fitness stuff if you want to buy it from me.
    0:38:28 And I think the key part is the vast majority
    0:38:30 of products and services are commoditized.
    0:38:32 You’re probably not going to be significantly
    0:38:35 better than other trainers, just being real.
    0:38:35 You probably aren’t.
    0:38:40 But you will be different than them.
    0:38:44 And we want to lean on, I want to buy fitness from somebody.
    0:38:46 And so I might as well buy it from her
    0:38:47 or I might as well buy it from him.
    0:38:49 So you’re taking basically the audience
    0:38:51 that would buy from anyone,
    0:38:54 but your brand premium gets them to want to buy it from you.
    0:38:57 We think about Prime, for example, with the drink,
    0:38:58 the drink company.
    0:39:01 Like it’s a drink that there’s other products
    0:39:02 that already exist in the marketplace
    0:39:04 that satisfy the same thing as Prime.
    0:39:06 But if you are agnostic to that brand
    0:39:09 and you have brand affinity with that creator,
    0:39:12 then you’re like, well, then if I have two things
    0:39:14 that are basically equal and I just like this guy better,
    0:39:16 I’m just going to, as long as the prices are comparable,
    0:39:18 I’ll just vote with my dollars here.
    0:39:22 And so I think that if you’re a personal trainer in 2025,
    0:39:25 it’s going to be long-term,
    0:39:27 it’s going to be building the content.
    0:39:30 Short-term, it’s going to be outreach to people that you know
    0:39:33 and making a compelling offer to get people to try to work with you.
    0:39:36 This overarching point you said there about being yourself,
    0:39:37 as I was thinking about it,
    0:39:38 I was thinking, gosh, do you know what?
    0:39:40 The thing that all of my favorite creators
    0:39:42 and the really successful creators have in common
    0:39:45 is they all have, and I use these words intentionally,
    0:39:48 the courage to be themselves.
    0:39:51 Because I tell you what, when I was starting out
    0:39:53 as a content creator, and I look back,
    0:39:54 I was showing one of my team members the other day,
    0:39:56 the things I used to post.
    0:39:57 It was like everything happens for a reason.
    0:40:00 It was cringe, cliche, fluff.
    0:40:03 And it took me several years to almost relax
    0:40:05 into just realizing that the game here
    0:40:08 was to get to the point where I could be myself on the internet.
    0:40:11 And actually that was the most high value because of what you said.
    0:40:12 It’s the uniqueness part of me.
    0:40:14 But the courage to be yourself.
    0:40:18 And it is the winning strategy for 2025.
    0:40:22 And I think it’s leaning into it.
    0:40:25 And the thing is, is that everything in you wants to not do that.
    0:40:26 I’m not really sure why.
    0:40:28 But I was having a conversation with Layla,
    0:40:30 I want to say two nights ago or three nights ago.
    0:40:35 I got a bunch of flak for some ex posts that I made.
    0:40:37 And she just looked at me and she was like,
    0:40:39 never dilute yourself.
    0:40:44 Because I was like, maybe I shouldn’t talk about this stuff.
    0:40:47 Like maybe I should just like, you know, I’ll just lean off.
    0:40:49 And she was like, never dilute yourself.
    0:40:54 Like there are so many more people who need that message
    0:40:57 than people who are hating that message.
    0:40:59 And she was like, and if you’re actually going to make a difference
    0:41:01 in a lot of people’s lives,
    0:41:03 there’s going to be an equal and opposing force of people
    0:41:04 who want to reject that.
    0:41:08 And she’s like, this just comes with the territory
    0:41:10 of like how big of an impact you want to have.
    0:41:11 And it was just such a great, you know,
    0:41:13 life talking to husband, you know, conversation.
    0:41:16 That I guess for me at the end of the day,
    0:41:17 I’m like, as long as she thinks I’m cool.
    0:41:20 Like, you know, I’ll keep doing it.
    0:41:25 But, but yeah, it was just because the diluted down version
    0:41:27 all of a sudden becomes everyone else’s stuff.
    0:41:32 Well, you said a second ago, you’re not sure why that is.
    0:41:35 But by very definition of it being unique,
    0:41:37 that means that there is no blueprint.
    0:41:38 Yeah.
    0:41:40 There is no person that’s come before you
    0:41:42 and proven that it works.
    0:41:43 So the courage of being yourself,
    0:41:45 there’s only one Stephen Bartlett.
    0:41:47 So if I’m truly myself, it’s never been done before.
    0:41:48 That means that the risks are unknown.
    0:41:50 The upsides also unknown.
    0:41:50 Yeah.
    0:41:53 But so again, going back to our hate of uncertainty,
    0:41:56 it makes much more sense for me to try and copy you,
    0:41:58 because I can see a blueprint there,
    0:42:00 than to run the risk of being yourself.
    0:42:02 And you are someone, I have to say,
    0:42:04 who is running the risk of being yourself.
    0:42:07 And actually as someone who’s observing you,
    0:42:08 now I know who you are.
    0:42:09 And I now know who you’re not.
    0:42:12 And it’s important for me as someone that follows your work.
    0:42:13 Yeah.
    0:42:16 That actually I see consistency,
    0:42:17 because I’ve established Alex Samozi’s values.
    0:42:18 Yeah.
    0:42:21 And anything that diverts from that is actually less valuable,
    0:42:23 because as you say, it’s more like everyone else
    0:42:24 than the things I’ve had before.
    0:42:26 But it’s also, it wouldn’t feel true anymore.
    0:42:26 Yeah.
    0:42:30 And this is something that even as a creator myself,
    0:42:32 I have to fall back on is,
    0:42:34 my audience knew who I am now.
    0:42:35 For better or for worse.
    0:42:36 Yeah.
    0:42:37 They don’t want to learn anything new.
    0:42:40 You know, it’s really interesting as navigating the gray.
    0:42:45 And so there are contradictory ideals.
    0:42:46 And this is what I kind of come back to,
    0:42:48 when I’m like worried about these types of things,
    0:42:52 which is like, you’ve got mercy and you’ve got justice.
    0:42:56 They’re somehow opposed and they are both ideals.
    0:42:59 So how can we believe in justice and also believe in mercy
    0:43:00 at the same time?
    0:43:03 And so, and I mean, there’s another,
    0:43:04 you can have variety and consistency.
    0:43:07 Like there’s tons of examples of this, right?
    0:43:11 And so we have these diametrically opposed ideals,
    0:43:14 which means that if you ever say, by the way,
    0:43:16 I’m a little bit more of a justice guy.
    0:43:18 Like I understand they had a hard time,
    0:43:21 but at some point you got to take your own personal accountability.
    0:43:23 So like, no, you’re not going to get out of the speeding ticket.
    0:43:26 You’re going to get like, that’s what’s just on the other hand.
    0:43:30 It’s like, hey, single mom gets pulled over for driving too fast.
    0:43:32 You know what, maybe we let her off today.
    0:43:34 Both of those stories, fair.
    0:43:37 But you’re going to get attacked by the other side
    0:43:41 that has an ideal that all humans try to strive for.
    0:43:44 And it will feel terrible because they are right.
    0:43:45 And so what?
    0:43:49 And so I think that like understanding that that conflict
    0:43:52 will always exist between two apparent ideals that,
    0:43:56 and this is fundamentally what politics is.
    0:43:59 Is that there are two apparent ideals that bet all of us,
    0:44:02 I would say 99% people would say justice is good, mercy is good,
    0:44:05 variety is good, consistency is good, right?
    0:44:09 Respecting values is good, so is innovating and doing new things.
    0:44:11 How can we have both of these contradictory ideas
    0:44:14 and at the same time like navigate that without conflict?
    0:44:16 You can’t because how much becomes the question.
    0:44:20 And so I think that your thumbprint as a creator is that
    0:44:23 when someone presents a scenario and says,
    0:44:27 “Does Alex choose mercy or justice in this scenario?”
    0:44:30 that your audience says gets it right.
    0:44:34 And so I think about branding in general as basically a mosaic
    0:44:35 that you get to create.
    0:44:37 And so like each piece of content is a little tile
    0:44:39 that has a single color on it.
    0:44:42 And if you just see one piece of short content of Stephen Barlett,
    0:44:45 you don’t really have an idea who Stephen Barlett is.
    0:44:47 But if you see a thousand of them,
    0:44:49 all of a sudden you zoom out and you get to see the whole picture.
    0:44:52 And I think that the colors that are in those mosaics
    0:44:55 and the proportion of how many yellows, how many reds,
    0:44:57 how many greens, and where are they
    0:44:59 is what ultimately creates the brand.
    0:45:02 And so because people want to try and turn this into,
    0:45:04 “Okay, so I make one post about family.
    0:45:06 “I make one post about finances.
    0:45:08 “I make one post about whatever,” right?
    0:45:11 It’s like, I don’t think that’s how it works.
    0:45:14 I think you just be you and then those proportions
    0:45:18 will naturally shake out and also over time you will change.
    0:45:20 And so it also makes sense that your brand will change.
    0:45:22 And that was also another thing that I had to reconcile,
    0:45:25 which is like, “Wait, I don’t know if I agree as much
    0:45:27 “with some of the things that I said 10 years ago.”
    0:45:28 ‘Cause the thing is in the digital world.
    0:45:32 Like my first podcast was 2017, July of 2017.
    0:45:33 – Wow.
    0:45:37 – Episode eight is called “Stop Branding.”
    0:45:42 I have changed my views on branding to be clear.
    0:45:48 But that first podcast is 90 days from when I lost everything.
    0:45:51 And so the entire like Hermosi journey,
    0:45:54 if you want to call that from zero to billion,
    0:45:58 is actually documented 90 days from zero.
    0:45:59 It’s all there.
    0:46:02 And so you can see how my views on business have changed
    0:46:04 and like what I was thinking about at every kind of portion
    0:46:05 of my life.
    0:46:08 And so I had to just be okay with the idea that like,
    0:46:11 I will change my mind because I will get new information.
    0:46:13 Because let’s take the alternative stance.
    0:46:15 If I get new information, do I just keep parroting
    0:46:16 what you did before?
    0:46:17 This is also an issue with politics.
    0:46:19 But I just said like, he’s flippy floppy.
    0:46:21 It’s like, so they’re not allowed to learn?
    0:46:22 – Yeah.
    0:46:25 – You’ve been in politics 20, like you haven’t learned anything?
    0:46:26 Like no stances changed?
    0:46:28 Like I feel like we should be able to do that.
    0:46:30 And obviously brands don’t work that way.
    0:46:32 So it has to be gradual over time,
    0:46:34 which I think if you were always you at all times,
    0:46:36 it will be gradual over time.
    0:46:37 – Yeah.
    0:46:38 I don’t know.
    0:46:40 I think a lot of the time we end up over focusing
    0:46:43 on unreasonable people, which is a war we can never win anyway.
    0:46:44 – Yeah.
    0:46:45 – Because you say that to me.
    0:46:47 I think, I think it was like, I had this guy,
    0:46:48 the therapist on my podcast,
    0:46:50 who I then spoke to after the podcast.
    0:46:52 And he basically broke it down to me.
    0:46:54 He was like, there’s 20% of people that just absolutely
    0:46:55 love everything you will ever do.
    0:46:56 – Yeah.
    0:46:57 – Like you could say anything,
    0:46:58 you’d change my, they’re fucking, they’re just super fans.
    0:46:59 – Yeah.
    0:47:01 – There’s 80% of people that are actually like,
    0:47:03 he said there’s 60% of people that are really reasonable.
    0:47:04 – Yeah.
    0:47:05 – They don’t speak.
    0:47:06 – Yeah.
    0:47:07 – They just watch, they’re like reasonable.
    0:47:08 – The silent majority.
    0:47:10 People with no matter what the fuck you do, they’re gonna be.
    0:47:13 This is like, don’t spend your life focusing on the 20%.
    0:47:16 The quiet majority, the 60%, they don’t tweet.
    0:47:17 They don’t just chill.
    0:47:20 And then the 20%, you know, they’re evangelists.
    0:47:23 But, you know, I find myself falling into the trap of…
    0:47:26 – So what’s interesting about the 20% is that like,
    0:47:27 I was thinking about this today.
    0:47:30 The, you were, so no matter who you are,
    0:47:33 you’re going to be disliked, period.
    0:47:34 Because no one’s liked by everyone.
    0:47:35 So we just have to like listen,
    0:47:37 if we can accept that as a premise, right?
    0:47:38 No one’s going to be like by everyone.
    0:47:39 You might as well be disliked for being you
    0:47:40 than being somebody else.
    0:47:41 – Amen.
    0:47:42 – Right?
    0:47:43 – Amen.
    0:47:44 – At the most basic level.
    0:47:46 The being disliked is a fixed cost.
    0:47:47 – Yeah.
    0:47:48 – Right?
    0:47:49 – Yeah.
    0:47:52 – And I think to take the opposite perspective,
    0:47:54 I think it is far better to be disliked for being who you are
    0:47:56 than love for someone you’re not.
    0:47:57 – Yeah.
    0:47:59 And one of the grand entrepreneurs I interviewed
    0:48:01 on the podcast said to me, when it comes to marketing
    0:48:03 and branding and this sort of attention conversation
    0:48:06 we’re having, she said to me that in order
    0:48:10 to reach your 80%, you have to piss off your 20%,
    0:48:12 or at least be willing to piss off your 20%.
    0:48:13 – Yeah.
    0:48:14 – It was Jane Warung who’s the founder of Demologica,
    0:48:16 global beauty brand.
    0:48:17 – Oh, interesting.
    0:48:18 – I think hundreds of thousands of people.
    0:48:21 And she sat and said to get to your 80%,
    0:48:22 you have to be willing to piss off.
    0:48:23 No, actually, fuck.
    0:48:25 She said to get to your 20%,
    0:48:27 you have to be willing to piss off the 80%.
    0:48:28 – Mm.
    0:48:30 – And from a branding perspective,
    0:48:32 it makes so much sense because when you stand
    0:48:34 for something clearly, which you do,
    0:48:36 you inadvertently stand against.
    0:48:37 – You have to.
    0:48:40 If you draw a line, there’s a side on either side
    0:48:42 and you have to say like, I’m on this side.
    0:48:44 – Did you see that Nike ad?
    0:48:46 – Dude, I was just going to say that.
    0:48:47 I was just going to say that.
    0:48:48 Yeah, the Willem Dafoe ad.
    0:48:49 – Yeah.
    0:48:50 – Like what’s yours is mine and what’s mine is mine.
    0:48:51 – Yeah.
    0:48:53 – Yeah, just like, it was actually the first time
    0:48:55 that I’d seen something from Nike in a long time
    0:48:57 that I was like, this is what built the spread.
    0:49:00 And I think they had lost their way for a while.
    0:49:01 – Yeah.
    0:49:02 – With like the wokeism and all that stuff.
    0:49:05 And I think it’s like, Nike means victory,
    0:49:07 which means people have to lose.
    0:49:08 – Yeah.
    0:49:10 And they were willing to say that for the first time ever.
    0:49:11 – Right.
    0:49:13 – I posted it on my LinkedIn and it was 50/50.
    0:49:14 – Yeah.
    0:49:16 – I’d say it was actually more like 80% of people
    0:49:18 were either neutral or pissed off.
    0:49:19 – Really?
    0:49:22 – Yeah, and 20% of people were like, that is me.
    0:49:23 I am a Nike person.
    0:49:24 And for me, when I saw that,
    0:49:25 I thought I want to buy some Nike shorts.
    0:49:27 – Yeah, I was, I mean, it was the first time I actually
    0:49:29 felt like I’d posited brand affinity towards the brand
    0:49:30 in a long time.
    0:49:33 – How important in this game of building and starting
    0:49:34 is people?
    0:49:37 – Very.
    0:49:38 – Hiring question.
    0:49:39 – Yeah, yeah.
    0:49:40 – I’ll tell you why I asked this question,
    0:49:41 because when I look at my portfolio,
    0:49:44 early stage first founders never seem to understand
    0:49:47 the importance of hiring in people.
    0:49:48 – Yeah.
    0:49:50 – And I bang my head against the wall trying to convince them
    0:49:51 that actually the game they’re playing
    0:49:54 is in the word company, group of people.
    0:49:55 – Yeah.
    0:49:57 So I’ll start with one thing,
    0:49:58 and then I’ll enter the question.
    0:50:01 So I was talking to a mentor of mine,
    0:50:02 and he said, when I was in my 20s,
    0:50:04 it was all about the destination.
    0:50:05 He said, when I got to my 30s,
    0:50:07 I realized it was all about the journey.
    0:50:08 He said, when I was in my 40s,
    0:50:10 I realized it was about the company.
    0:50:12 And I was like, I can’t wait until you’re in your 50s.
    0:50:14 That’s like the next one, right?
    0:50:16 But I thought that was such a profound shift
    0:50:18 in terms of how he thought about his business success,
    0:50:21 because he was like, I don’t need to be a deck of billionaries.
    0:50:24 I’m cool where I’m at.
    0:50:27 And now I just want to do it with people that I like.
    0:50:33 So to the question about people overall,
    0:50:37 I believe that the potential of an organization
    0:50:40 is directly correlated with the aggregate intellectual
    0:50:44 horsepower of everyone contained within it.
    0:50:49 And so if you are the smartest person in the business,
    0:50:51 then, and you can do everyone’s job
    0:50:53 better than everyone in your company,
    0:50:55 then it means that the limit of the business
    0:50:57 purely based on one person’s horsepower
    0:50:59 and one person’s life experiences.
    0:51:02 And that will be the cap.
    0:51:04 And basically, it doesn’t matter how smart you are.
    0:51:06 You can’t live 100 lifetimes.
    0:51:07 Like you can learn quickly.
    0:51:09 Sure, there’s some people who can learn faster than others,
    0:51:11 but you’re not going to be able to live 1,000 lifetimes.
    0:51:17 And so as a business grows, more expertise is required.
    0:51:19 And I think the easiest litmus test for this
    0:51:21 is if you look at the richest people in the world,
    0:51:24 almost none of them own 100% of their business.
    0:51:26 So number one, most of them don’t even own 50.
    0:51:28 Like most of them are small percentages.
    0:51:30 Jensen wings at 4% for NVIDIA.
    0:51:33 Basis is at 7 or 9% for Amazon.
    0:51:37 I think Elon’s at 20 for Tesla, like small percentages.
    0:51:39 And it’s because it takes a lot of horses
    0:51:42 to take a chariot to the moon, right?
    0:51:47 And so basically, as you put in more intellectual horsepower,
    0:51:51 the potential peak of the business goes so much,
    0:51:53 so much higher, so much faster.
    0:51:56 Keith Rebois from, he was one of the original PayPal mafia guys,
    0:51:58 has a really good analogy for this.
    0:52:00 And he talks about it in terms of barrels and ammunition.
    0:52:04 And he says, so as soon as you get some product market fit,
    0:52:06 the business starts to grow, and you say, OK,
    0:52:08 we need to start shipping things faster.
    0:52:10 And this works the same with a services business,
    0:52:12 a physical products business, software business.
    0:52:13 The concept’s the same.
    0:52:15 And so what happens is you then hire a lot of people
    0:52:17 and you assume that your throughput
    0:52:19 is going to increase proportionally.
    0:52:21 So we have 10 people, we hire 50, we should 5x our output.
    0:52:24 And then you quickly realize that that is not the case.
    0:52:27 And so what happens is there are people
    0:52:30 who are rate limiters for an organization,
    0:52:31 and those are the barrels.
    0:52:33 So think about like a Civil War barrel, you know, old cannon,
    0:52:35 and you’ve got these cannonballs next to it.
    0:52:37 He said most people are ammunition.
    0:52:38 And so you bring more ammunition,
    0:52:41 but you’re still going to be limited by the one barrel capacity
    0:52:44 of how many shots can get taken by the barrel.
    0:52:46 And so you need to find more barrels.
    0:52:48 So you have to go from one barrel to two barrels,
    0:52:49 two barrels to three barrels,
    0:52:51 and that becomes an increase in capacity
    0:52:53 or throughput for the organization.
    0:52:55 And there are very few of those.
    0:52:57 In a different, I can’t remember the law,
    0:52:59 but it’s some organizational law,
    0:53:02 but the square root of the number of people in a company
    0:53:04 generate 50% of the work.
    0:53:06 So you’ve got 100 people in an organization,
    0:53:08 10 people are responsible for 50% of the value that’s created.
    0:53:10 -Facts. -Right.
    0:53:13 Anybody who’s been in like, you’re like, like preach.
    0:53:17 And so the thing is, is I think the real game
    0:53:20 of entrepreneurship is that your standards rise over time.
    0:53:23 And it’s unfortunate because we hear things
    0:53:25 that other entrepreneurs tell us.
    0:53:26 It’s all about the people stupid.
    0:53:27 And then you’re like, sure, but look at my,
    0:53:30 and it’s like, not, you’re not hearing it.
    0:53:31 And I don’t know there are some,
    0:53:32 I think Williamson talks about this,
    0:53:35 how there’s like some lessons that for some reason,
    0:53:38 it’s like we have to learn for ourselves.
    0:53:39 I still believe that that is like,
    0:53:41 we can operationalize this at a lower level
    0:53:43 so that we don’t have to learn it for ourselves.
    0:53:45 But like I’m convinced, I haven’t figured it out yet.
    0:53:49 So every entrepreneur can resonate with this,
    0:53:52 which is every business that I’ve started,
    0:53:56 I’ve gotten to the success of the business prior way faster.
    0:53:59 And I kind of liken it to a video game
    0:54:01 where it’s like you beat level one,
    0:54:03 and then, you know, you get to level two
    0:54:05 and it’s like you spend months trying to beat this boss
    0:54:07 and you finally figure out how to beat the boss.
    0:54:08 And it’s like, great.
    0:54:10 And then you spend another three months getting beating boss three.
    0:54:12 And let’s say you start the game over with a new character.
    0:54:14 It’s like you just zoom through level one, two, and three.
    0:54:15 And then you get to level four.
    0:54:16 And you’re like, now I got to spend time.
    0:54:17 It’s like virgin land.
    0:54:18 Like, I don’t know how to beat this yet.
    0:54:22 And so I think that that happens for archetype finding
    0:54:25 for skill and talent within an organization.
    0:54:27 And so say that again.
    0:54:30 So if you have functions across an organization,
    0:54:32 there are people who are going to drive results
    0:54:33 within that function.
    0:54:36 And the first time you hire a salesperson, for example,
    0:54:38 you don’t know what you’re looking for.
    0:54:41 And so you just hire a human who says they can sell.
    0:54:43 And maybe they can, maybe they can’t.
    0:54:45 And then you cycle through, you try to train them.
    0:54:46 That doesn’t work, does work, whatever.
    0:54:48 And then finally you, let’s say you cycle through three sales guys
    0:54:49 and finally you find a killer.
    0:54:51 And then you have this pattern recognition.
    0:54:53 You’re like, okay, that’s what I’m looking for.
    0:54:55 And then all of a sudden you try and approximate that person
    0:54:58 or that archetype as, as much as you can.
    0:55:00 And so when you start your second company, you’re like,
    0:55:03 oh, I can quickly staff up sales because I know what I’m looking for.
    0:55:04 But then you’re like, shoot,
    0:55:06 I’ve never really nailed sales manager yet.
    0:55:08 And so then you cycle through, you start,
    0:55:11 you start whacking away at the boss and then you have to end up firing
    0:55:13 the boss at the level because you’re like, oh God, this doesn’t work.
    0:55:16 And then six months are gone because you had to find them
    0:55:18 or quickly hire them and train them and then find out they sucked
    0:55:19 and then start over again.
    0:55:21 And maybe it takes 18 months to really find the right sales manager.
    0:55:24 And then you’re like, okay, I know what that looks like,
    0:55:26 but I still don’t have a director of marketing.
    0:55:27 What does that look like?
    0:55:30 And so it’s basically developing this pattern recognition
    0:55:33 across all functions of the business so that you know
    0:55:34 what exceptional looks like.
    0:55:38 And then over time, what happens is as a business grows,
    0:55:40 your ability to attract talent increases.
    0:55:42 And so then your standards also grow.
    0:55:45 And then you find out that there’s even more nuance to this,
    0:55:48 which is that there’s a director of sales at a one to $10 million level,
    0:55:52 which is a different looking person from 10 to $100 million level.
    0:55:54 And it continues to go all the way up.
    0:56:00 And so it’s basically building this repertoire of identifying patterns.
    0:56:04 And what if you talk to, I would say more experienced entrepreneurs now,
    0:56:06 they don’t talk about building businesses.
    0:56:07 It’s like assembling them.
    0:56:10 You just assemble the pieces and you just know that this is how
    0:56:11 it’s all going to flow together.
    0:56:16 And that fundamentally is basically what I try and decode
    0:56:17 within the content that I have.
    0:56:19 So that it’s like, here’s a pattern for how you recognize this.
    0:56:22 Here’s a pattern for how you recognize this so that you can just
    0:56:25 move faster through the levels to get to where you want to go.
    0:56:28 And so to loop back to the original question,
    0:56:30 which is how important are people in an organization?
    0:56:32 People are the organization.
    0:56:35 And so if you ever want to build enterprise value,
    0:56:38 it’s building the collective consciousness of the organization,
    0:56:41 the skills and how they collaborate together towards a specific outcome.
    0:56:46 And so knowing how to staff that up is the job.
    0:56:50 I think the reason why first time founders feel like they have to learn
    0:56:52 this lesson themselves is because everything you’ve just said is
    0:56:53 an unknown unknown.
    0:56:55 Like they don’t even know that they don’t know it.
    0:56:56 So they stumble.
    0:56:58 They hire the sales guy because they were their friend from high school
    0:57:00 and then fucking, and then they go through the pain.
    0:57:03 And I say this because I’m so unbelievably passionate about it.
    0:57:04 I went through the same BS.
    0:57:07 I hired my friend who worked at Prada to be our account.
    0:57:08 I hired a guy.
    0:57:11 I met a rap battle to be my marketing director who had,
    0:57:14 he was literally playing video games for a living at 30 years old.
    0:57:16 And I went through this whole thing.
    0:57:19 And then maybe three, four years into my first business,
    0:57:24 I accidentally hired someone great through no intention of myself.
    0:57:26 Accidentally, I saw the net impact they had.
    0:57:28 And I thought, oh my God, over the coming years,
    0:57:31 I learned that the game, the fundamental game here was, as you said,
    0:57:33 assembling the best group of people.
    0:57:36 How, if I’m a first time founder,
    0:57:41 can I put a system in place to make sure that,
    0:57:44 even though I don’t know what a good sales person looks like,
    0:57:47 even though I don’t know what an ex-good person looks like,
    0:57:51 I still attract them to my company.
    0:57:53 The simplest way of doing it,
    0:57:57 so the simplest way of attracting somebody to your business
    0:57:59 when you don’t know how to do the job
    0:58:04 or know who to look for is to unfortunately do the job yourself.
    0:58:06 And then once you can break down the job,
    0:58:10 we follow the 3Ds, which is document, demonstrate, duplicate.
    0:58:12 That’s how we train anybody.
    0:58:16 So first you have to document everything that you do to successfully do the job.
    0:58:18 And that step-by-step into a checklist.
    0:58:20 Then you demonstrate.
    0:58:23 So you do this checklist in front of the person that you’re trying to bring on.
    0:58:26 Then they duplicate, they do the checklist in front of you.
    0:58:30 What’s interesting about that 3-step process is that you’ll often find,
    0:58:32 when you try to demonstrate following the checklist,
    0:58:33 you don’t follow your checklist.
    0:58:35 And so then you have to adjust the checklist
    0:58:37 until you actually follow the checklist.
    0:58:39 And then when you can consistently follow that checklist and get the output,
    0:58:41 then you can have them do that checklist.
    0:58:45 And so I think this is why bootstrap founders,
    0:58:47 I think oftentimes will find,
    0:58:50 they tend to know more about more things
    0:58:53 because they had to learn them in order to teach them.
    0:58:56 Now, what’s really interesting about what you said about accidentally finding
    0:58:58 that star at three or four years in,
    0:59:00 is that I think that happens to almost everyone.
    0:59:03 Well, hopefully the people who end up making it, it happens to almost everyone.
    0:59:06 Because then you realize, oh my god,
    0:59:09 like if I had four of these people, we could change the world.
    0:59:10 Can I say something as well?
    0:59:16 The other epiphany revelation I had was the star hired stars.
    0:59:18 And so I think her name’s Katie Leeson.
    0:59:20 Of the 10 people she then hired,
    0:59:22 nine of them became the best people in my company.
    0:59:26 And also, I’m not going to say his name, but someone else in my business,
    0:59:29 a C player of the 10 people he hired,
    0:59:32 he and everyone he hired was fine.
    0:59:37 So as you go up in the organization with hires, the risk and reward goes up.
    0:59:40 And so that’s something that a lot of people don’t like talking about,
    0:59:42 but I will.
    0:59:46 Which is, if you hire somebody and let’s say that they’re not a cultural fit,
    0:59:47 maybe they have the skills.
    0:59:49 Or they are a cultural fit and they don’t have the skill fit.
    0:59:54 And they’re a leader, what you find often and it sucks is that everyone,
    0:59:57 it’s almost like it’s like a tree that has an entirely rotten branch.
    1:00:02 It’s like you end up having to scoop out three quarters of what was underneath
    1:00:04 because you realize that they were ineffective
    1:00:07 or they just were against the actual mission of the business.
    1:00:10 And it’s harrowing and it’s horrible.
    1:00:15 But I try to give this analogy to my team because we’ve had to do it in every business.
    1:00:22 Like it happens, it’s just part of business, is if somebody goes to the bar
    1:00:26 and you’re at the club and somebody racks up,
    1:00:28 it’s just ordering shots for everybody, shots, shots, shots, shots, shots.
    1:00:31 And then that guy dips, that guy leaves.
    1:00:34 We all have to pay the bill.
    1:00:37 In the moment when we pay the bill, when we scoop out the deadwood,
    1:00:41 when we scoop out the rot from the organization, it feels horrible.
    1:00:45 But that pain isn’t because the scooping out the rot is bad,
    1:00:48 it’s because we planted it on bad ground
    1:00:51 or because that guy ordered all these shots but couldn’t afford it.
    1:00:53 And I have a different analogy because I really want to drive this home
    1:00:57 because I think it’s important, is that in the relationship world,
    1:01:04 if one spouse tells the other spouse, “Hey, I cheated on you, I had an affair,”
    1:01:07 that moment is incredibly painful for both parties.
    1:01:12 And so what it makes you think is, “Oh, this was wrong to tell the truth.”
    1:01:14 But it’s not wrong to tell the truth.
    1:01:16 What’s wrong was cheating.
    1:01:18 When you tell the truth is when you make it right.
    1:01:23 And so the pain that you often have to encounter in the organization feels wrong
    1:01:28 but is right because you’re writing a wrong and that’s where the pain occurs.
    1:01:33 And that’s why so many businesses stay stuck is because they have this affair,
    1:01:36 they have this person and they’re unwilling to have that hard conversation
    1:01:40 or multiple in order to make it right and they stay stuck for years.
    1:01:45 This is another quality of really successful founders that I’ve noticed
    1:01:48 which is what you just said is the ability to have the hard conversation sooner.
    1:01:53 And in my portfolio where there’s first-time founders, they’re coming to me
    1:01:59 and in our monthly meeting saying, “God, there’s this guy who’s running the e-com division
    1:02:01 and he’s so bad and I’m having to do the job for him.
    1:02:05 What do I do about it, Steve? What do you think?”
    1:02:08 But then they come back to me two weeks later and they’re like, “He’s still there.”
    1:02:10 Yeah, right. And a year later and you’re like, “It’s still John.”
    1:02:12 And you’re like, “What are we talking about here?”
    1:02:16 I remember asking in one such meeting, “Does John know that you’re unhappy with him?”
    1:02:17 Oh, yeah.
    1:02:18 No.
    1:02:23 So there’s this quiet dissatisfaction which I think is a virus, right?
    1:02:27 Right. And what no one wants to discuss is the fact that everyone else knows John sucks
    1:02:33 and that that becomes the minimum standard for what is acceptable for excellence in the organization.
    1:02:40 So if brand is what your reputation is externally, I think culture is kind of what reputation is internally.
    1:02:44 And so I define culture, operationalized, because I think culture is a very fluffy word.
    1:02:45 What does that mean?
    1:02:47 It’s the rules that govern reinforcement within an organization.
    1:02:49 What do we reward? What do we punish?
    1:02:55 And so the thing is that realistically, people have values because they’re bundled terms
    1:02:57 that ladder up many behaviors.
    1:03:04 If I said Rolls Royce probably would have some value that’s quality over speed, probably, right?
    1:03:07 And so they would have that, but somebody would have to say, “Well, what does that mean?”
    1:03:08 Right?
    1:03:15 Well, we hope that we use this as a decision-making filter for how it affects behaviors on every situation
    1:03:18 so that when you’re in the “Should I go faster? Should I make it right?”
    1:03:19 You make it right.
    1:03:24 And there are other organizations, kind of like the justice and mercy, speed and quality.
    1:03:28 Both of them are important, and sometimes they sit diametrically opposed.
    1:03:33 And so we have to say, “Where do we sit in the gray so that we can duplicate decision-making across the organization
    1:03:35 so that we can maintain the culture?”
    1:03:41 And so culture, you know, laylessness is a lot, but culture, I think this is a Drucker quote, actually.
    1:03:45 Culture trumps strategy, like twice a week and every day on Sunday.
    1:03:49 If you have a mediocre strategy but an unbelievable culture, you will crush somebody who has a great strategy
    1:03:53 and a terrible culture, because culture ladders up to performance and execution.
    1:03:56 And almost every business is limited by execution, not strategy.
    1:03:58 Most business strategies isn’t that complicated.
    1:04:01 Like, let’s do a really good job, so good that people tell their friends about us,
    1:04:03 and as long as we have enough gross margin, we’ll make money.
    1:04:04 It’s not that hard, right?
    1:04:06 It’s just that the doing it is the hard part.
    1:04:12 And so when we have these, they are the spoken and unspoken rules, mostly unspoken.
    1:04:15 If someone shows up three minutes late to a meeting and there’s 10 people in the meeting
    1:04:17 and it’s supposed to be a marketing meeting and I’m there,
    1:04:22 if I don’t say anything, I have now said we have an unspoken rule
    1:04:24 that if someone shows up three minutes late to a meeting, it’s okay.
    1:04:26 I’ve reinforced that rule.
    1:04:31 Now, if I, I’ve reinforced it by not punishing the behavior or at least calling it out.
    1:04:35 On the flip side, if someone comes in and I berate them,
    1:04:38 that’s also a way of changing behavior, maybe not the right way to do it.
    1:04:42 But I could then, like, what do you do in that situation?
    1:04:50 If someone shows up three minutes late, first off, you would probably sideline with that person
    1:04:53 and be like, “Hey, I don’t know if you’ve realized that you were three minutes late.
    1:04:54 What happened?”
    1:04:57 And they’re like, “I was on a client call.
    1:04:58 It went late.
    1:04:59 I’m really sorry.”
    1:05:01 Or, “I was on a sales call.”
    1:05:05 For me and my organization, clients and sales, like, will take priority.
    1:05:09 So if you have a meeting and you’re on a sale and you’re about to close it, close the sale, right?
    1:05:14 But if you were just doing nothing and we have this meeting, then this is the priority.
    1:05:17 And so the next time we hop on, I’ll be like, “Hey, guys, I just want to address something.”
    1:05:18 John was late.
    1:05:20 He was late because of a sales call.
    1:05:24 Or when I DM’d him right as he got on late, I would say, “Hey, make sure you say that.”
    1:05:26 And then be like, “Hey, guys, sorry I was late.
    1:05:27 I was on a sales call.”
    1:05:28 And then I would say, “That’s fine.
    1:05:29 You’re good to go.
    1:05:30 Always go make money.”
    1:05:33 And then I’m reinforcing the right thing.
    1:05:34 Right?
    1:05:38 And so I think we’re very big on rapid feedback in the moment because that’s how you train behavior.
    1:05:39 So if you look at…
    1:05:45 So there’s tons of studies on this, but basically if you want to train a dog, right, and you
    1:05:50 want it to sit, if you have it sit and then immediately give a biscuit, it learns really
    1:05:51 quickly.
    1:05:56 If you have it sit and then wait 10 seconds before you give a biscuit, it takes like three
    1:06:01 times as many repetitions for it to learn that the sitting gets the biscuit.
    1:06:03 If you wait more than a minute, it never learns.
    1:06:04 Really?
    1:06:08 You can see the learning curve, the amount of repetitions, just skyrockets until eventually
    1:06:09 there is no amount.
    1:06:11 But here’s where it gets crazy.
    1:06:15 That biscuit is still reinforcing something, just not sitting.
    1:06:18 It’s reinforcing the thing that just came before it.
    1:06:21 So if we want people to do something, we have to change it in the moment.
    1:06:24 And so when we train, and I think that we’re a training organization, we’re very good at
    1:06:32 training, whatever skills, is engineering ways to give many feedback loops in a short
    1:06:35 period of time around specific skills.
    1:06:38 So I use sales because it’s one that everyone understands.
    1:06:44 If you’re training a script with someone, if you let someone read through a script,
    1:06:47 and then at the end you say, “Hey, here’s the things you could have done better,” this
    1:06:49 is how 95% of people train.
    1:06:51 It also doesn’t work.
    1:06:55 We set the premise with you’re going to read through the script, and in the first 30 minutes
    1:06:56 we might get through a third of it.
    1:06:59 And I’m going to probably stop you like 30 times, and if that happens, it means we’re
    1:07:00 doing it right.
    1:07:04 We set the premise that I’m going to interrupt you a bunch of times, and as soon as you say
    1:07:07 the first line, I’m going to be like, “Stop, say it again, say it like this.
    1:07:08 Go again.”
    1:07:09 And then they’re like, “Okay.”
    1:07:11 And then they say it, and I’m like, “Awesome job.
    1:07:12 Do it again.
    1:07:13 Awesome job.
    1:07:14 Do it again.”
    1:07:15 So I reinforce it as many times as I can.
    1:07:16 Okay, go to the second sentence.
    1:07:17 Right?
    1:07:18 Now do first and second.
    1:07:19 Right?
    1:07:20 Do second and third.
    1:07:21 Right?
    1:07:22 And you keep working your way through until eventually they just say it like a whistle.
    1:07:25 They can sing it, because they’ve also had so many repetitions and so many feedback
    1:07:28 loops that they’re like, “This is what it sounds like when it’s right.”
    1:07:32 And I think that the vast majority of organizations have no idea how to train.
    1:07:39 And their entire training, their way of getting talent is just let’s hire ten and we’ll just
    1:07:43 see who works out rather than being able to take someone and level them up.
    1:07:47 And I think that the ability to train is one of the largest alphas that exist in organizations,
    1:07:53 because if you can buy talent at B-skill and get them to A+, then you net the delta and
    1:07:57 profit between what you had to attract and pay the person to come and what they perform
    1:07:58 at.
    1:08:02 If you have to use a picking strategy, then you have to pay for current market rate of
    1:08:03 the skill.
    1:08:07 And so you actually eat in the margin, because you don’t know how to train.
    1:08:10 There are advantages to speed and sometimes it still makes sense to bring in the talent,
    1:08:15 because maybe the training requires so much time that it’s not worth it.
    1:08:19 And so from a hiring perspective, because I know we were just talking, this is the theme,
    1:08:22 we always want to hire for the smallest skill deficiency.
    1:08:27 And so in low skilled labor, for example, if we have a cupcake bakery and I need somebody
    1:08:32 to work the counter, that is pretty low skilled labor.
    1:08:36 And so if there’s a number of skills that are required, being able to be on time, smile,
    1:08:42 be nice, those things are bundled terms that have many skills underneath of them, whereas
    1:08:46 teaching someone how to use the register might take like 30 minutes.
    1:08:50 And so it makes sense to hire for attitude and then train aptitude when you have low
    1:08:53 skilled labor.
    1:08:58 When you have really high skilled labor, I can’t teach someone 10 years of being a
    1:09:00 CFO for M&A.
    1:09:02 This is an extreme example, right?
    1:09:08 And so in that instance, we still hire for the smallest skill deficiency, but I can probably
    1:09:13 teach someone to be nice under these circumstances faster than I can teach them to be a CFO.
    1:09:16 If they have everything that I want here, obviously you would want both, but the world
    1:09:17 isn’t perfect.
    1:09:23 And so we just try to hire for the smallest skill gap, and attitude is a series of skills.
    1:09:26 And so instead of thinking of things as an attitude and aptitude, just think of everything
    1:09:31 as skills, and then we hire always for the smallest deficiency.
    1:09:32 The thing that’s easiest to train up?
    1:09:33 Yep.
    1:09:34 Okay.
    1:09:38 One of the things that’s so central to that is we were saying about giving people feedback.
    1:09:43 And I wrote down, most companies and most entrepreneurs and founders are scared to give
    1:09:45 petty feedback.
    1:09:51 Because I might notice you’re making a slight error, but it feels petty to point that out.
    1:09:55 It feels like I’m some kind of rude dictator.
    1:09:57 Why is that so important?
    1:09:58 How do you create an environment?
    1:09:59 I’m totally going to.
    1:10:00 Yeah, I don’t know.
    1:10:01 A lot of people aren’t.
    1:10:04 I have lots of managers on my teams, and they don’t want to offend people.
    1:10:11 Their central focus is too much on being nice, and it’s kind of not nice to one of our cultural.
    1:10:14 I wouldn’t say it’s not the one on the site, but things that are reputed internally all
    1:10:18 the time, kind of not nice, is one of the big ones, which is that you are actually being
    1:10:24 unkind to someone by not maximizing the likelihood that they succeed in their role.
    1:10:28 And people don’t lose jobs because typically because of one thing, it’s usually a hundred
    1:10:29 small things.
    1:10:32 And so if we can immediately fix those hundred small things, most people want to do a good
    1:10:36 job, and most people want to succeed, and most people want to move up.
    1:10:40 And we can maximize the likelihood that those things occur if we help them.
    1:10:44 And this is where the culture is there.
    1:10:47 If on that first day, like I said, we say, we’re going to work through the script, and
    1:10:48 we’re only going to get through a third of it.
    1:10:49 I’m going to stop you 30 times to correct you.
    1:10:53 We’ve already kind of set the expectations of how things go here.
    1:10:56 Like we will fix things, and we will fix them fast.
    1:11:00 And it’s understanding the difference, and we teach our teams this, is what is the difference
    1:11:02 between an insult and criticism?
    1:11:05 So criticism is a discrepancy between actual and desired.
    1:11:09 So you’re supposed to be on time, and this week you were late twice.
    1:11:11 And so that is discrepancy.
    1:11:14 And you’re lazy is the insult.
    1:11:19 And so the judgment that’s associated with the discrepancy is insulting someone.
    1:11:22 Pointing out the discrepancy is purely criticism, and that’s objective.
    1:11:26 And so if you want to improve the team, remove insults, focus on criticism, and tell them
    1:11:28 what to do instead.
    1:11:32 And so the easiest way to think through this, I think, is stop, start, keep.
    1:11:35 So I’ll tell you a real story.
    1:11:42 So we had a director level, so a relatively high person in the organization who was having
    1:11:49 behavior issues, said differently, “Everyone thinks you’re a dick.”
    1:11:55 And so he ended up making his rounds of the executive team, and having a sit-down with
    1:11:57 all of them, because he was really proficient at the scale, he was a high performer, like
    1:12:00 good at what he does, just no one liked him.
    1:12:04 And so he talks to four different executives, and the behavior didn’t change.
    1:12:09 And so he finally came to my office, and he was a little bit worried, and he was like,
    1:12:10 “Am I going to get fired?”
    1:12:15 And I was like, “No, HR will fire you if you’re going to get fired, what are we talking about?”
    1:12:20 But when we sat down, I said, “Okay, I want to be clear, I want to decrease the likelihood
    1:12:22 that people call you a dick in the future.”
    1:12:24 I said, “Does that sound like an agreeable goal?”
    1:12:26 And he said, “Yeah, I want that.”
    1:12:27 I was like, “Okay, good.
    1:12:29 I also don’t care if you are a dick.
    1:12:32 I just care that everyone else thinks you are.”
    1:12:36 And so I just want to minimize the likelihood that I get drawn into this ever again.
    1:12:41 So the reasons that they are calling you a dick, we need to dive into that, because every
    1:12:44 other conversation you’d had with some of the leaders was just like, “Hey, man, stop
    1:12:45 being a dick.”
    1:12:48 And the thing is, is what do you do with that?
    1:12:49 Nothing.
    1:12:52 You just get insulted, and then you have nothing to do.
    1:12:59 And so instead, it’s like, “Okay, when you cut people off when they talk, stop, start,
    1:13:02 do it, do this instead, shut up.”
    1:13:05 So when someone else was talking, wait until they finish.
    1:13:07 And if you’re not sure, ask if they’re done.
    1:13:16 He’s like, “Okay, when you give unsolicited advice on how they should run their department,
    1:13:19 don’t, or ask if they want it.
    1:13:22 If they say no, don’t say anything.”
    1:13:26 And so we identified three or four behaviors that he was doing, and I said, “Just do this
    1:13:27 instead.”
    1:13:30 And literally the next week, people were like, “What happened to him?
    1:13:31 He’s like a new man.”
    1:13:35 And the thing is, is that he wasn’t a dick, he just didn’t know how to behave.
    1:13:40 And so if you want to teach, teaching has to come from conditions and a behavior.
    1:13:44 And so if you’re trying to get someone to be different, you have to give them the conditions
    1:13:45 under which they need to change.
    1:13:49 So when someone says this, if this occurs, there’s a condition, and then this is what
    1:13:50 you need to do.
    1:13:54 And so the vast majority of training that exists does none of that.
    1:13:57 It’s just people shouting at each other, insulting them, and saying, “Hey, you need to level
    1:13:58 up.
    1:14:01 You need to increase your performance.
    1:14:02 What does that mean?”
    1:14:07 And so I think one of the easiest ways to identify the actual behavior, because that’s actually
    1:14:10 the tough part, is like, “Why do I think he’s a dick?
    1:14:12 Why do I think she’s lazy?”
    1:14:14 Because I want to insult them, but that’s not…
    1:14:15 So how do I help her?
    1:14:16 It’s like, “Okay.
    1:14:17 Why am I describing her this way?”
    1:14:18 Okay.
    1:14:22 So when I slack, she tends to be slow in her response.
    1:14:23 So sometimes it takes an hour.
    1:14:24 Sometimes it takes three hours.
    1:14:25 I’m like, “Okay.”
    1:14:26 So I’m going to gather that data and be like, “Okay.”
    1:14:28 So when I talk to her, I’m going to have this branch of data.
    1:14:35 The next thing is when I get stuff, projects from her, they’re incomplete.
    1:14:37 I feel like they’re not all the way fleshed out.
    1:14:38 I’m like, “Okay.
    1:14:39 That’s a second bucket.”
    1:14:43 The next one is that when she shows up on Zoom, she looks disheveled.
    1:14:44 I’m like, “Okay.”
    1:14:49 So now when I talk to Sandy, I’m not going to say, “Hey, Sandy, you look lazy.
    1:14:51 I need you to level up a little bit here.
    1:14:54 Otherwise, we’re going to have issues and have to put you on a PIP, Performance Improvement
    1:14:55 Plan.”
    1:14:58 Instead of saying that, just put her on the Performance Improvement Plan without saying
    1:15:04 it’s Performance Improvement Plan and just say, “When you show up on calls, change your
    1:15:09 background to the standard company setting so we don’t see your bedroom.”
    1:15:12 And make sure that from the waist up, you look professional.
    1:15:14 And what do I mean by look professional?
    1:15:16 Have a collared shirt and put your hair back.
    1:15:17 Okay?
    1:15:20 So how does that work in woke politics?
    1:15:21 No idea.
    1:15:22 Deal with it in your country.
    1:15:24 But you should have a culture where you can say stuff like that.
    1:15:28 The second thing is that right now, I need you to turn on Slack notifications and I need
    1:15:31 you to respond within 10 minutes.
    1:15:32 During work hours.
    1:15:33 After work hours, fine.
    1:15:35 But 9 to 5, you have to respond within 10 minutes.
    1:15:36 Do you think you can do that?
    1:15:37 Yes.
    1:15:41 And so the end goal here is I will get everyone to stop calling you lazy.
    1:15:43 It’s interesting because it goes back to something you were saying earlier where you
    1:15:47 were saying specifics versus vague, prefrontal cortex versus amygdala.
    1:15:48 Like an insult is amygdala.
    1:15:49 Totally.
    1:15:50 Kind of anything with that.
    1:15:55 But if you make it specific, then action is more likely to occur.
    1:15:58 And useful action is more likely to occur.
    1:16:02 On this point of a person who’s listening now, who’s an entrepreneur, they’ve got a business
    1:16:03 and they’re thinking about making those first highs.
    1:16:06 I want you to throw a proposition at you to see what you thought of this.
    1:16:10 One of the things that I think can help you not fuck up in the hiring process, especially
    1:16:15 early, is if you just live it with the permanent assumption that you are bad at hiring.
    1:16:19 So I live with the permanent assumption that I’m bad at hiring because I’ve got biases,
    1:16:22 there’s things I don’t know about certain things, et cetera.
    1:16:25 And when you start with that assumption that you are really, really bad at hiring, you
    1:16:28 try and decentralize the decision making.
    1:16:33 So one thing I say a lot to startup founders is if you’re hiring a salesperson, create
    1:16:37 an interview process where there’s five people and one of them might be you and the other
    1:16:41 four are the best salespeople you’ve ever encountered in your life, like who sold you
    1:16:42 your house.
    1:16:47 And ask them to be part of the interview process.
    1:16:48 How does that sit with you?
    1:16:49 I think it sits great.
    1:16:53 And I think that the amount of references that you go for is proportionality importance
    1:16:54 of the role.
    1:16:55 Okay.
    1:16:58 So Sam, the co-founder of school, so he was a non-technical founder.
    1:16:59 Who’s school?
    1:17:00 What is school, sorry?
    1:17:03 Oh, so schoolsschool.com is a platform for building communities.
    1:17:06 Right now it’s online, but we have an in-person component so that people can meet online,
    1:17:07 they can meet in person.
    1:17:08 It’s awesome.
    1:17:13 And so that’s the only investment that I have publicly associated myself with outside of
    1:17:14 acquisition.com.
    1:17:15 So it was a very big deal.
    1:17:17 It’s something that I believe in a lot because it’s education.
    1:17:19 It’s for education and media meat.
    1:17:27 So Sam is the founder of school and he is not technical.
    1:17:31 And so he knew that to build an exceptional software product, you need world-class talent.
    1:17:42 And so he interviewed 600 developers to find Daniel, who had become the CTO of school.
    1:17:44 And he asked everybody to know who the best coders were.
    1:17:47 And then he talked to all those people and they asked them who the best coder they knew
    1:17:48 was.
    1:17:49 And he talked to those people.
    1:17:52 And then he asked them who they thought the best coder they knew was.
    1:17:56 And eventually, like Daniel’s name came up as like God tier.
    1:17:59 He’s like, “If you could ever get this guy, he’d be amazing.”
    1:18:05 And so he ended up finding a way in to find Daniel and then he ended up becoming co-founder
    1:18:07 of school as well.
    1:18:15 And what’s interesting about that process is that it actually ladders into rapid learning.
    1:18:20 And so when I was a consultant, I was 22 years old and I would go and have to give presentations
    1:18:26 to four star generals about weapon systems that I knew nothing about because I was chugging
    1:18:29 beers like 12 months earlier.
    1:18:34 And so how do you sound intelligent in front of somebody who has 30 years more experience
    1:18:36 than you do?
    1:18:40 And so this is the consulting process for rapid learning.
    1:18:43 First is you find five experts.
    1:18:46 So you ask the one person, you’re like, “Hey, tell me the five people you know are the best
    1:18:47 at this thing.”
    1:18:52 And then you ask them, “Who are the five people you know who also know a ton about this thing?”
    1:18:55 And for each of the interviews you take all of their information down of like, “What do
    1:18:56 you think about this?
    1:18:57 What do you think about this?
    1:18:58 What do you think about this?”
    1:19:01 And what happens is you start mapping kind of like the information ecosystem.
    1:19:04 And the reason you talk to experts first is that there’s no lack of information.
    1:19:06 Like you can Google whatever you want, the problem is there’s too much.
    1:19:09 And so the filter becomes where the highest point of leverage is.
    1:19:12 And so experts have spent years filtering out for what’s important.
    1:19:18 And so then you basically rapidly consume the most filtered information and then you reorganize
    1:19:19 the information.
    1:19:22 And so this is what a typical analyst will do as a consultant is like, “So for the space
    1:19:28 and cyber project that I did, I had 600 pages of notes from all the interviews that we did.
    1:19:31 First step is you recategorize all the news by category.
    1:19:33 So it goes from raw notes to categorized notes.
    1:19:40 Then from there, you distill and consolidate notes into what are the truths or the most
    1:19:44 distilled beliefs that we have about these particular, in this case, weapon systems,
    1:19:46 but it could be whatever.
    1:19:51 And then from there, you’re able to generate your inferences for what it looks like when
    1:19:55 it’s right, what the problems are, what potential solutions might be.
    1:19:58 And then that’s fundamentally how you say, “This is what we need to do next.”
    1:20:00 That’s if you’re trying to learn something.
    1:20:04 But in talking to all those people, it actually works the same way because the interview process,
    1:20:08 the higher up the talent is, the more I would encourage entrepreneurs to use it as a learning
    1:20:10 process as a consultant.
    1:20:15 And so I present somebody who wants to come in for this role, the actual problems of the
    1:20:19 business for which they would have control over and say, “How would you solve these?”
    1:20:21 And so then they tell me all the things that they would be considering and what they’re
    1:20:22 thinking about.
    1:20:25 And then I’ll ask the next guy what he thinks and what he thinks and what he thinks or she
    1:20:26 thinks.
    1:20:29 And then all of a sudden, one, I get free consulting, which is amazing.
    1:20:35 But secondly, you can tell by how the quality and quantity of metrics that someone tracks,
    1:20:37 how good they are at a particular scale.
    1:20:40 And so this is fundamentally what separates beginners from experts.
    1:20:44 And so beginners typically have binary thinking in terms of outcomes, either it worked or it
    1:20:45 didn’t work.
    1:20:50 So an expert, for example, for a marketing campaign, isn’t going to say, “Oh, marketing
    1:20:51 doesn’t work or ads don’t work.”
    1:20:55 They’re going to say, “This particular campaign didn’t work because our click-through rate
    1:20:58 was too low or because it was sending traffic that wasn’t qualified and we weren’t converting
    1:20:59 enough on the page.”
    1:21:03 Or we didn’t have enough people who were taking the second step in our four steps.
    1:21:07 And they can break down any part of that continuum.
    1:21:12 If I’m interviewing a salesperson and the person says, and I say, “Okay, how are you
    1:21:14 going to affect these metrics?
    1:21:15 What behaviors are you going to do?”
    1:21:20 So to the same degree about vague versus specific, if they give me vague things back, I’m going
    1:21:23 to dial in and say, “No, what are you going to do that’s going to change that?”
    1:21:27 And by the way, this is a wonderful way to teach in the organization how what they do
    1:21:28 makes a business money.
    1:21:33 And so if you have a customer support rep, for example, and you say, “Hey, how do you
    1:21:35 make our company money?”
    1:21:39 If they can’t explain it to you, they probably aren’t doing it.
    1:21:40 And it sounds as simple as it is.
    1:21:44 But if someone says, “Well, I answer customers’ questions,” and it’s like, “How does that
    1:21:45 make us money?”
    1:21:50 Now, if they’re able to say, “When I answer customers’ questions, I increase the likelihood
    1:21:53 that they refer to other customers and I increase the likelihood that they stay and continue
    1:21:54 to pay for us.
    1:21:58 So I help us get new customers by delivering an amazing experience and I get the customers
    1:22:01 that we have to continue to pay us.
    1:22:04 And if it makes sense, I recommend other products and services that we have that I can introduce
    1:22:08 them to sales guys who can explain that so we can generate even more revenue from them.
    1:22:11 I’d be like, “One, if you can articulate that, you’re probably not just a front like
    1:22:14 customer service, you’re probably a director.”
    1:22:19 And so that level of nuance, the specificity is what shows expertise.
    1:22:25 And so when I look for, and I’m interviewing for candidates, I first, I want to gather as
    1:22:26 much information as I can.
    1:22:30 I want to drain as much knowledge as possible, but I’m also really looking for the quality
    1:22:36 and quantity of metrics they track and behaviors that they do to influence those metrics.
    1:22:39 So in the hypothetical problem that let’s say we’re trying to solve, we have low click
    1:22:42 through rates, I’d be like, “Okay, this is the problem we have.
    1:22:44 How would you approach changing it?”
    1:22:49 And then that actually gets me to understand what they would do in the organization because
    1:22:52 it’s very easy to say, “I’m going to come in and let’s say a sales director.
    1:22:54 I’m going to come in and I’m going to improve the sales team.”
    1:22:55 I’m like, “Okay, cool.
    1:22:56 What are you going to do?
    1:22:57 I’m going to coach the guys up.”
    1:22:58 I’m like, “Okay.
    1:22:59 What does that mean?”
    1:23:01 And so just continuing to ask, “What does that mean?
    1:23:02 How do you do that?”
    1:23:06 Until they’re like, “Okay, well, I’m going to meet with the guys every single morning
    1:23:08 and we’re going to do role play.
    1:23:09 How do you role play?”
    1:23:13 Well, we’re going to start with the script and the more detailed they get, the more
    1:23:17 I believe they can do it because they’ve actually explained what actions they will take.
    1:23:20 If someone can’t dial it into actions, then it’s very unlikely that they’re going to
    1:23:21 take them.
    1:23:25 And so what I just outlined is basically three core things.
    1:23:27 So one is the quality and quantity of metrics that they track.
    1:23:31 The second is the behaviors that they’re going to do to influence those metrics.
    1:23:35 And then latering up to third, how do those metrics and these behaviors influence the
    1:23:36 revenue in the business?
    1:23:40 If they can explain that clearly, you have a winner.
    1:23:48 All of that requires them to know if the person’s not bullshitting and also to know like what
    1:23:49 metrics matter, right?
    1:23:52 Because someone could sit in an interview for my first time founder, say a bunch of big
    1:23:53 complicated words.
    1:23:54 It sounds good.
    1:23:55 I hire them.
    1:23:58 And that’s really what I’m trying to mitigate here is how do I not let a bullshitter pass
    1:23:59 me?
    1:24:04 I’m not having them explain it as though you were a fifth grader.
    1:24:07 And so I always, I make the same joke because you know, you do this enough times, you make
    1:24:08 the same joke.
    1:24:12 It’s like, hey, I need you to explain this to me like I’m a golden retriever, which is
    1:24:15 a type of dog that has Down syndrome.
    1:24:16 All right.
    1:24:21 So, and I always get a laugh and I’m like, so assume I know nothing.
    1:24:22 Let’s start there.
    1:24:25 What do you think customer service means?
    1:24:31 And so if someone really has expertise, so Richard Feynman was famous for the physicist,
    1:24:35 which is if you can’t explain it to a child, then you don’t understand it well enough.
    1:24:38 And so if they do confuse you, then it means that they don’t understand it or they’re doing
    1:24:42 it purposefully, neither of which are good scenarios.
    1:24:45 You said something during that explanation.
    1:24:49 You said you were talking about your, like your founding partner at school and you said
    1:24:55 that he was pursuing a CTO and he said, if we can get this guy, he’d be amazing.
    1:24:59 So many entrepreneurs that are starting in business have that thought sometimes.
    1:25:04 They think if I could just get that guy from that amazing company to come join our garage
    1:25:09 where we’re building this new startup, it would change our fortunes.
    1:25:10 But how?
    1:25:15 How do I get a truly exceptional person who is being paid shit tons of money, who has
    1:25:20 a comfortable job, who has security to come join me in my bedroom?
    1:25:23 Well, I think there’s the soft and the hard side, right?
    1:25:27 So the hard side is that is compensation, maybe you don’t have as much cash.
    1:25:31 So it’s like you’re going to have, you know, a few levers at your disposal.
    1:25:33 So you have, what do you pay them in cash?
    1:25:35 What’s their upside if there’s equity or shares that you’re going to give them?
    1:25:37 This is obviously if it’s a software business.
    1:25:39 And you know, it’s probably worth segmenting this.
    1:25:43 So if you’re not in a software company, which is probably the vast majority of people listening
    1:25:49 to this, there are four elements within equity that exist.
    1:25:50 You have control.
    1:25:52 So who gets to call the shots?
    1:25:53 You have risk.
    1:25:55 What happens if everything goes wrong?
    1:25:56 Who’s liable?
    1:26:00 You have profits, which is the cash flow of the business, who gets distributions?
    1:26:05 And then basically sale or enterprise value when we sell or if we sell, who gets to participate
    1:26:06 in that upside?
    1:26:08 Those are kind of the four elements of equity.
    1:26:14 Now the thing is, is that you can obviously grant shares or you can give stock in a company.
    1:26:15 That’s one way of doing it.
    1:26:18 But you can also basically contract around any of these things.
    1:26:21 Now most of the times they don’t want the risk.
    1:26:24 And they probably won’t get the control if it’s your company.
    1:26:30 So you really just have profit and you have upside in terms of a sale.
    1:26:33 And so you can contract these things and there’s lots of structure.
    1:26:35 So I’m not going to get into the legal around this.
    1:26:37 But asking somebody, what do you want?
    1:26:39 Because this is just a very powerful way of beginning this.
    1:26:45 And my favorite question for these types of scenarios is asking, what would it take?
    1:26:47 So when you have this guy, it’s like, man, it would be amazing.
    1:26:48 Like, how do I sell this guy?
    1:26:50 I just ask him, what would sell you?
    1:26:52 So I say, what would it take?
    1:26:54 Because I don’t know.
    1:26:55 He’ll tell me.
    1:26:59 And I love that frame because it assumes yes.
    1:27:00 It assumes you’re going to come.
    1:27:03 So what would it take?
    1:27:08 So many of the books that you write and so much of the content you make centers on this
    1:27:09 idea of sales.
    1:27:10 Yeah.
    1:27:11 And it is a sale, isn’t it?
    1:27:12 Totally.
    1:27:16 And I always think about the Steve Jobs quote where he met with, was it John Scully who
    1:27:20 was working at like Pepsi and he said, do you want to continue selling sugar water for
    1:27:21 the rest of your life?
    1:27:23 Do you want to come change the world?
    1:27:26 How does that sort of emotional, psychological element of the sale factor into persuading
    1:27:29 someone exceptional to come and join your mission?
    1:27:33 I think it’s the amygdala story that we started with the nasal strip thing, which now has actually
    1:27:37 reared its nose multiple times, poked its nose in a few times here.
    1:27:41 But I think that pitch that you’re giving to a potential co-founder or potential early
    1:27:45 hire who’s going to be a leader is the same more or less that you’d give to an investor.
    1:27:49 It’s almost the same pitch, except instead of investing capital, they’re investing time,
    1:27:51 they’re investing their life, they’re investing their expertise.
    1:27:53 But fundamentally, you’re asking for investment.
    1:27:56 I’m just asking you.
    1:28:01 There’s also this weird question, which I’ve actually never asked anybody, but founders
    1:28:07 often struggle with, do I hire naivety because that’s going to probably create new solutions
    1:28:13 to old problems like the young scrappy kid that gets TikTok, or do I hire experience,
    1:28:16 which is going to be more expensive, more conventional and safe?
    1:28:20 And I see some companies lean too far either way.
    1:28:24 I have actually fairly strong opinions on this.
    1:28:28 So I actually think it’s, and I was talking to the CEO of ButcherBox about this particular
    1:28:31 thing last week.
    1:28:35 I think it’s a barbell strategy where you have people on either ends and very little
    1:28:36 in the middle.
    1:28:37 Interesting.
    1:28:43 So I love lots of young, hungry people who are here for growth and want to learn and
    1:28:47 are ready to work long hours and just go all in.
    1:28:54 And the people at the back half of their career that are here, that they’ve made enough money,
    1:28:58 they know they can get a job wherever they feel like, you’re not doing them a favor by
    1:29:00 giving them a job.
    1:29:04 And they’re not what I term I hate, which is careerists.
    1:29:05 They’re not obsessed with their title.
    1:29:10 They’re not obsessed with their career path, what their promotion plan is going to be.
    1:29:13 They basically have a litmus test, which is like, I have to have make about this to get
    1:29:15 to come in and do this with you.
    1:29:17 But they actually just really love the work.
    1:29:23 And so these people are learning, so the young people are learning and overcompensating with
    1:29:24 tons of hours and reps.
    1:29:28 And these people are bringing their experience to the game and creating significantly more
    1:29:29 leverage with strategy.
    1:29:33 The people in the middle are the ones that tend to be the pain in the ass for everybody.
    1:29:37 And I don’t think, and be clear, I don’t think this is actually an age thing.
    1:29:39 I think it’s a perspective thing.
    1:29:45 So it’s just, are you here for growth or are you here to share what you know?
    1:29:49 And I think that it’s the people in the middle that are like, well, I’m bringing something,
    1:29:54 but I need some, it’s like this kind of tit for tat relationship that I would say the
    1:29:58 vast majority of people that don’t work out are in that bucket.
    1:30:01 And what role does naivety play in innovation here?
    1:30:05 Because the kids that don’t know the rules, I’m more likely to stumble across nuances,
    1:30:06 right?
    1:30:10 I think, yes.
    1:30:12 You can fundamentally, you can disrupt any industry if you don’t know how it’s supposed
    1:30:14 to go.
    1:30:19 And so, but that’s, I think that really teases out something that we said at the very beginning,
    1:30:24 which is starting from first principles, which is what are the few things I know to be true?
    1:30:27 And then basically forgetting everything else.
    1:30:31 And when you build from those assumptions up, you end up building lots of different paths
    1:30:33 of the mountain that may or may not have been trodden before.
    1:30:37 I think one of the, one of the, one of the most corroborating things that can happen
    1:30:41 sometimes is that like you re-derive a solution that already works and you’re like, okay, well,
    1:30:42 now I know why this works, right?
    1:30:46 And I think, but I think that’s actually, then you have more confidence in the path
    1:30:47 and you’re like, okay, that’s fine.
    1:30:50 But now I know why we’re doing this, not just because other people did it, but because
    1:30:52 I understand why it works.
    1:30:56 And so I think it just comes down to what are the few truths that I know to be true
    1:30:57 and going all in on those things.
    1:31:02 Like I know that if customers love my product, they are more likely to tell other people
    1:31:03 about it than if they hate it.
    1:31:04 That I feel very confident.
    1:31:08 So then we say, okay, what are the things that must occur in order to get someone to
    1:31:12 quote, love my product, aka increase the likelihood that they tell their friends about it or post
    1:31:13 about us.
    1:31:15 And so now there’s, and you can break this.
    1:31:17 And again, this is where quality and quantity of metrics matter.
    1:31:22 So it’s like, how, how much more nuance can I break and break this up into small pieces?
    1:31:26 It’s like, okay, at what time do we deliver these messages or around what experiences
    1:31:28 that have high likelihood of them posting?
    1:31:31 Can we decrease the friction around them sending friends?
    1:31:34 How can we make it both easy and how can we incentivize it?
    1:31:37 And so all of these components, whether it’s a service business, a physical products business,
    1:31:42 a software business, it still works the same way is, you know, and for each, each customer,
    1:31:45 for example, as we’re taking someone through this, I have four milestones that I look for,
    1:31:46 which are the four Rs.
    1:31:49 So how do I get them to review my product?
    1:31:52 How do I, how do I, well, in order?
    1:31:54 It’d be, how do I retain them immediately?
    1:31:56 How do I get them to review my product?
    1:31:59 How do I get them to refer somebody?
    1:32:02 And then how do I resell them?
    1:32:05 And so they’re basically, those four Rs is what I try and take every customer through.
    1:32:06 It’s a very simple framework.
    1:32:07 Right.
    1:32:08 What do you think?
    1:32:09 I was like, oh man, customer success.
    1:32:10 What does it mean?
    1:32:12 It’s just like, well, these are the four things that I want to occur.
    1:32:15 And so all I’m trying to do is reverse engineer what activities increase the likelihood that
    1:32:18 each of these four Rs happen.
    1:32:22 This year, 55% of businesses globally are utilizing AI in some form.
    1:32:27 It’s become so integrated across every point of my businesses that it’s hard to remember
    1:32:29 a time when my team and I weren’t using it.
    1:32:33 Adobe Express, who sponsored this podcast, is a prime example of a tool our team uses
    1:32:34 day in and day out.
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    1:33:11 Well, I want to go through the four Rs, but I also, I think that what comes before the
    1:33:16 four Rs is knowing how to get customers in the first place, which was a tricky one.
    1:33:21 And actually, maybe even the thing that comes before that is being psychologically prepared
    1:33:26 for the toll and the roller coaster that business is.
    1:33:29 I found this graph of yours.
    1:33:30 Oh, God.
    1:33:31 Yeah.
    1:33:35 And I think for any founder starting a business, it’s important for them to understand this
    1:33:36 cycle.
    1:33:39 I think you call it like the crash burn cycle or something.
    1:33:42 Because if you’re not aware of the cycle, when you hit certain parts of it, you’re probably
    1:33:44 going to think that there’s something wrong with you.
    1:33:45 Yeah.
    1:33:47 And there’s a certain inevitability to this crash cycle.
    1:33:49 I’ll put it on the screen for anyone to see.
    1:33:50 Yeah.
    1:33:55 This is the entrepreneur life cycle until you learn how to break free from it.
    1:33:59 And so there are six stages.
    1:34:02 You have stage one, which is uninformed optimism.
    1:34:07 This is where you see your friend or you see something online and it looks like they’re
    1:34:10 making money or it looks like there’s some opportunity and you think, oh my God, that
    1:34:12 sounds amazing.
    1:34:16 And you have optimism because it looks great, but it’s uninformed because you have no idea
    1:34:18 what it entails.
    1:34:21 So then you dive in and you say, okay, I’m going to pursue this thing, whatever, is it
    1:34:26 baking cupcakes or I’m going to do lawn mowing or I’m going to do crypto trading, whatever.
    1:34:29 Second step is you get into it and you’re like, oh my God, I don’t know.
    1:34:32 There’s so many things involved in this and this is significantly more complicated than
    1:34:33 I expected.
    1:34:36 So then you become an informed pessimist.
    1:34:41 You now know that it’s hard or significantly harder than you expected.
    1:34:46 The third stage is you have your crisis of meaning or the value of despair.
    1:34:48 So you’re continuing to do this stuff.
    1:34:52 It’s continuing to not work and you keep working and it keeps not working.
    1:34:56 And so this is the step and this is the point of truth.
    1:35:02 And this is the cycle where the paths of the entrepreneur split and the vast majority of
    1:35:07 people take this next step, which is they then say, you know what, there’s that thing
    1:35:11 over there that my other friends doing, maybe I should do that instead.
    1:35:15 And so then they hop back to uninformed optimism and then they go boom to inform pessimism
    1:35:22 and they just go around and around and around and they live the same six months for 20 straight
    1:35:23 years.
    1:35:30 Now, the other path of from the value of despair is sticking with it.
    1:35:34 And so then you become an informed optimist because now you understand, you still understood
    1:35:38 all the bad stuff, but you also understand the good stuff and how to avoid the bad and
    1:35:40 maximize the good.
    1:35:43 And then once you’re there, you stick on that path long enough and you ended up achieving
    1:35:46 what you originally thought was really easy and fast.
    1:35:52 And so that cycle, this is more or less the Alex Ramosy life story, which is why I can
    1:35:57 so intimately describe you to the steps, is that I call that loop and that the person
    1:36:02 on the other side, the woman in the red dress, which is probably my favorite part of the
    1:36:08 Matrix movie, which is Nio, who’s the main character, is in a program to teach him one
    1:36:09 thing.
    1:36:13 And so he’s walking through the crowded streets of what looks like a New York city with Morpheus
    1:36:14 leading him.
    1:36:19 And he’s drawing on about something that he’s supposed to learn and he says, “Nio, were
    1:36:24 you listening to me or were you looking at the woman in the red dress?”
    1:36:28 And Nio was looking at the woman in the red dress as Morpheus is talking and then he says,
    1:36:29 “Look again.”
    1:36:32 And he looks back at the woman in the red dress and it’s Agent Smith with a gun pointed
    1:36:33 at his head.
    1:36:36 And in that moment, he’s like, “Freeze.”
    1:36:42 And he explains that you’re either one of us or one of them.
    1:36:45 And they are the people who are sent to destroy us.
    1:36:52 And so what appears to be the woman in the red dress is actually an agent from the system
    1:36:54 meant to destroy the opportunity that you’re in right now.
    1:36:58 And so I love the woman in the red dress so much because it’s so real.
    1:37:02 Because you’re in this thing, you’re in this relationship with your business.
    1:37:05 And you’re like, “This girl seems great.”
    1:37:08 And then you get to know her and you find out she snores when she sleeps.
    1:37:13 And all of a sudden it’s like, you see the sweatpants and no makeup in the morning and
    1:37:15 you realize that sometimes she’s moody, whatever.
    1:37:17 But you start to get to know.
    1:37:20 You’re like, “I don’t know if we’re going to get married, but this is where we’re at.”
    1:37:24 And then you see a woman in the red dress and you’re like, “You know what, I think that’s
    1:37:25 the girl.”
    1:37:28 And so you quit this relationship with your business and you get into that relationship.
    1:37:29 But then you realize that that girl has crabs.
    1:37:32 She has a crazy ex-boyfriend and you’re like, “Oh my God, I don’t want to do with any of
    1:37:33 this stuff.”
    1:37:34 Right?
    1:37:37 And so my CFO, so it was one of the first people that you’re like, “Oh my God, I hired
    1:37:38 that person.
    1:37:39 It changed everything.”
    1:37:44 So my CFO and Jim Lodge had taken four companies from $0 to $100 million.
    1:37:47 She had done over 40 M&A transactions, her largest one was $5 billion.
    1:37:48 Super experience.
    1:37:51 She was the very end of her career.
    1:37:54 And she was like, “I’ll take this one last ride with you guys.”
    1:38:00 And so, mind you, Layla and I, I’m 26 or 27 at the time, Layla’s 23, 24, and we’re sitting
    1:38:05 across the table from a very experienced business person being like, “Please help us.”
    1:38:12 And so one of the things that she taught me that I will never forget is she said, “The
    1:38:15 grass is always greener on the other side.
    1:38:19 You just don’t know that it’s fertilized with shit.”
    1:38:21 And she’s Southern, so she had this deep Southern accent.
    1:38:25 She’s like, “There’s always shit, shit everywhere.”
    1:38:28 And so she’s like, “I’ve been in enough businesses to know that all businesses have shit.
    1:38:31 And so you just have the shit you don’t know about and the shit you do know about, and
    1:38:35 you’re in this business, and so this is the shit you know.”
    1:38:39 And that has been so profoundly impactful in my life because it was so hard for me to
    1:38:40 break the cycle.
    1:38:41 Really hard for me.
    1:38:45 I mean, I gave you my, my life story of the many businesses that I’ve been involved in.
    1:38:48 And so like the entrepreneurial ADD has been so real for me, and I’ve made some of the biggest
    1:38:54 career mistakes by just pursuing and splitting my attention between multiple endeavors.
    1:39:00 And I can say truthfully that this 2024 was the first year, and this is now 2025, the first
    1:39:04 time in my life where I haven’t experienced FOMO, so fear of missing out.
    1:39:06 And it was one of those things that I just always had.
    1:39:09 I would see somebody doing it and I was like, “Oh man, I mean, I should be getting into
    1:39:10 that like that.
    1:39:11 I shouldn’t be doing this.
    1:39:12 I’m just doing that.”
    1:39:16 And it was, it was one of those things kind of like being happy where like you don’t realize
    1:39:17 you’re happy.
    1:39:18 You just look back and you’re like, “You know what?
    1:39:19 That’s a really good year.”
    1:39:21 You know, like you kind of, like you kind of see it in retrospect.
    1:39:26 What I realized was that now when I hear someone say like, “Oh my God, I crushed it with this
    1:39:28 thing,” I think that’s amazing for them.
    1:39:31 I’m sure there’s tons of problems that I don’t know about and that’s amazing.
    1:39:34 But I’m going to keep doing this thing because this is the only thing I know how to do pretty
    1:39:35 well.
    1:39:36 And I’m just going to keep compounding my information advantage against everybody else
    1:39:39 who thinks this is easy and wants to get into it.
    1:39:47 And so I think that that every, any, any massive company that you know of has existed for multiple
    1:39:48 decades.
    1:39:51 And in order for something to exist for multiple decades, the founder has to stay focused on
    1:39:53 that thing for the whole time.
    1:39:58 And I measure focus by the quantity and quality of things that you say no to.
    1:40:04 And I measure commitment or I define commitment as the elimination of alternatives.
    1:40:07 And so if you think of marriage as the ultimate commitment, then it is the ultimate commitment
    1:40:10 because you’ve limited literally every alternative besides this person.
    1:40:17 And so I think that many business problems and many entrepreneurs would 5X, 10X their
    1:40:21 business if they simply gave themselves no way out.
    1:40:23 This is what I’m doing.
    1:40:27 And I’m, I’m in the term, you know, burning the boats, but I’m eliminating all alternatives
    1:40:33 and structuring my love such that I make it very difficult to pursue the alternatives.
    1:40:37 And I think by doing that, you can actually conquer this, this cycle and make it pass the
    1:40:43 split where you go, crash and burn, and then restart the doom loop, or make it to informed
    1:40:47 optimism and then eventually to the achievement that you want.
    1:40:53 There’s so much that there’s so much that, but it’s such an important point.
    1:40:54 So where should I start?
    1:41:01 So at that moment here, this crisis of meaning moment, what I see so much of is entrepreneurs
    1:41:05 not necessarily quitting the old thing, but just taking on something else.
    1:41:09 And I get entrepreneurs will come up to me in the gym and they’ll say, Hey, Steve, just
    1:41:12 want to let you know what I do and see if you can offer me any advice.
    1:41:13 And then they’ll list three things.
    1:41:16 They’ll say, I’m starting this crypto thing, my friend Dave, I’ve got this hair business
    1:41:19 where we’re selling on e-com and I’ve got this other thing.
    1:41:24 And they almost assume that the more things they’re doing, the higher the probability
    1:41:28 that they’ll be successful in something.
    1:41:35 My mum was that my mum has started 30 businesses and I watched for my whole childhood how she
    1:41:39 would start a hairdressing salon and then the person down the street running an estate
    1:41:42 agents would come in and say, we’re making loads of money as an estate agent.
    1:41:43 She’d start that.
    1:41:44 That business would suck.
    1:41:46 She’d hit this moment of crisis of meaning.
    1:41:55 She’d then start a furniture business and she jumped between 20 to 30 businesses and
    1:41:58 it’s kind of still happening now where they last six months, they eventually go bust.
    1:42:02 She sort of like, you know, like the monkeys that swing to the next one swings to the next
    1:42:03 thing.
    1:42:08 There’s never been the escape velocity that comes from this informed optimism part.
    1:42:14 So yeah, this really rang true for me in every sense of the word, this idea of like a focus
    1:42:20 going against all of your instincts and your emotions, but being pivotal to achievement.
    1:42:25 I think entrepreneurship is far more a war of the heart than it is a war of the mind.
    1:42:27 Like we can understand what we should do.
    1:42:29 We just don’t do it.
    1:42:33 And I think that’s why we’re so much better at giving advice than we are at following
    1:42:34 it.
    1:42:38 So most people, if they just followed their own advice, they’d be successful.
    1:42:44 And so with this kind of value of despair, I call it niche slapping.
    1:42:47 It’s like, don’t make me niche slap you.
    1:42:51 Which is like, when you have three things going on, it’s like, let me slap you into
    1:42:52 just picking one.
    1:42:56 Because the thing is that any of them can work, but none of them will work unless you
    1:42:59 pick only one.
    1:43:06 Because it’s actually, in my opinion, an exercise in arrogance to assume that you doing three
    1:43:09 things is somehow going to beat somebody who’s doing one.
    1:43:13 And I can promise you the competitor who is going to beat you is only doing that one thing.
    1:43:15 And you think a third of your time is going to beat theirs?
    1:43:16 No.
    1:43:17 It’s not going to happen.
    1:43:18 I think it’s arrogant.
    1:43:22 And so there’s actually like an underpinning of ego underneath of this.
    1:43:24 And I say this as somebody who did this.
    1:43:27 So like when I had the launch business, I also had my six gyms.
    1:43:30 I also had a chiropractor agency, and I also had a dental agency.
    1:43:33 And so I would introduce myself and be like, oh, I own lots of companies.
    1:43:37 But I think one of the biggest misconceptions when you’re an entrepreneur is not understanding
    1:43:40 the difference between being an owner and being the CEO.
    1:43:42 And so they might hear that you have a portfolio.
    1:43:44 They might hear that I have a portfolio and be like, okay, well, they have a portfolio.
    1:43:46 So I must model that.
    1:43:47 That guy’s tall.
    1:43:48 I should play basketball.
    1:43:49 It doesn’t work that way.
    1:43:50 Right?
    1:43:51 I should be, so if I want to be rich, I should fly private.
    1:43:53 It doesn’t work that way, right?
    1:43:55 It’s conflating order.
    1:44:01 And so we must do these things in order to get the outcome.
    1:44:05 We have to concentrate on only one thing in order to get the outsized return.
    1:44:12 And that spreading of attention, especially when you’re newer in the entrepreneurial career,
    1:44:14 it’s like you already don’t know so many things.
    1:44:18 How do you now want to have three sets of unknowns that you want to try and conquer at the same
    1:44:19 time?
    1:44:24 And the fallacy of thinking is that I’m going to try all of them and see which one works,
    1:44:28 but none of them will work because you’re waiting to see which one will work because
    1:44:34 you can force, in my opinion, you can force one thing to work, provided like I’m going
    1:44:39 to just assume basics like you’re selling, you’re not selling $5 bills for $4, like the
    1:44:43 normal economics of a business, like if a real estate business exists, there are other
    1:44:44 people who are making money.
    1:44:46 There are hair salon businesses where people are making money.
    1:44:48 There are lawnmowing business where people are making money.
    1:44:49 You can make money in all of them.
    1:44:51 You just can’t make money in all of them.
    1:44:52 Yeah.
    1:44:53 It’s the same.
    1:44:56 And when you walked in today and you sat down on the chair, I said, “What’s going on with
    1:44:57 you professionally?”
    1:44:58 I remember what you said.
    1:45:03 You said more of the same and better, which clearly comes from your wisdom.
    1:45:04 My infinite wisdom.
    1:45:12 Well, it’s just from suffering, the woes of this.
    1:45:17 The biggest entrepreneurial mistakes I’ve made in my career have all come from splitting
    1:45:21 my attention, every one of them, every single one of them.
    1:45:25 I talked about how I had the e-commerce business that I bolted on to my licensing company.
    1:45:26 I should not have done that.
    1:45:29 As soon as I did that, my revenue started slowing down in its growth.
    1:45:30 Why did you?
    1:45:31 Because I was ADD.
    1:45:36 I was like, “Oh, Mike, I don’t want to leave money on the table.
    1:45:39 And I want to be so violent about this.
    1:45:42 You are always going to leave money on the table.
    1:45:44 That is the result of focus.”
    1:45:49 But you’re leaving a small amount of money on the table to pursue the much larger money
    1:45:53 that’s on another table, of just sticking with the thing that you’re on right now.
    1:45:57 Because compounding, if I would show a chart here, it’s like, if you’re at year three of
    1:46:04 your thing and you want to think about moving to year zero of a new thing, you have to compare
    1:46:09 maybe year zero of a new thing grows faster, but it has to grow faster than year three
    1:46:12 to four of the thing that you’re on right now.
    1:46:17 And I think people will compare year zero to year zero, but not year four to year zero.
    1:46:20 And the thing is, is you actually, we have a linear life.
    1:46:25 And so that is, it’s an unfair but true comparison of the opportunity cost.
    1:46:30 And every exceptionally successful entrepreneur that I know has just stuck with one thing
    1:46:32 for such an inordinate amount of time.
    1:46:39 And I think there’s a quote by, I want to say Shane Parish, he said, “Success is doing
    1:46:43 the obvious thing for an extraordinary period of time without believing that you’re smarter
    1:46:46 than you are.”
    1:46:53 And it’s just like, we know what we need to do, and so we don’t need to make our lives
    1:46:55 more complex.
    1:46:57 Complexity will come with scale, I promise.
    1:47:02 And so just simply trying to do more of what you’re already doing well is already hard
    1:47:03 enough.
    1:47:05 Don’t add anything else.
    1:47:08 And so like, if you need to write some sort of commitment of like, I’m just going to stick
    1:47:10 with this, then do that.
    1:47:16 But the, what happens is, we were talking about the levels earlier about like beating
    1:47:18 the bosses.
    1:47:25 So what happens is, you know how to beat boss one through three of the game.
    1:47:28 And so then you just say, okay, well, I’m just going to start the game over and beat
    1:47:29 boss.
    1:47:31 I mean, this time it’s going to be different.
    1:47:35 But then you just get to level three again, and then you’re stuck again.
    1:47:40 And so people just keep getting up to level three and new endeavors over and over again
    1:47:43 because they never learned how to get past that boss.
    1:47:48 And so you just have to confront the uncertainty of knowing that you don’t know how to do
    1:47:52 it, but that you will figure it out if you keep doing enough repetitions.
    1:47:55 And that’s where you talk to as many people as you can.
    1:47:57 You see what they said, you consolidate it all, and you say, I think this is the highest
    1:47:58 likely path.
    1:47:59 It might not work.
    1:48:04 But I do believe fundamentally that if we cut people’s hair well, and we do it for a
    1:48:06 long period of time, we will have a thriving business.
    1:48:10 And if we have a really good model from that thing, we might be able to open up another location.
    1:48:13 And if we keep our costs down, we might be able to have an actual model that we could
    1:48:16 either invest our own capital or bring somebody else and take it national.
    1:48:22 Like all of these, like I have yet to find a business that can’t get to $100 million a
    1:48:25 year that has a permutation of it that exists.
    1:48:26 You’re a dry cleaner.
    1:48:27 Fine.
    1:48:28 Well, cool.
    1:48:29 We’ll build the model.
    1:48:30 And either we’re going to license the model, we can franchise the model out, we can get
    1:48:32 outside investors, we can scale it nationally, we can do it.
    1:48:35 But the crazy goals are only crazy because people have crazy timelines.
    1:48:38 They’re actually very sane goals if you extend the timeline out.
    1:48:43 If you have a true 10-year goal or a true 20-year goal, almost anything is accomplishable.
    1:48:48 I mean, almost every multi-billion-dollar company is about, you know, they get, it’s usually
    1:48:53 between like years six and 10 when companies get to kind of like those big numbers.
    1:48:57 And most people who are listening to this are five years into entrepreneurship, but
    1:49:00 you’re six months into the thing that you’ve been working on right now.
    1:49:04 And you keep restarting the clock for getting to year 10 every time you start over.
    1:49:07 And I think that’s the part that it took me a very long time to figure out.
    1:49:10 And I think it takes a lot of entrepreneurs, like everyone messes around with a lot of
    1:49:13 stuff in the meeting because you just don’t know what you’re doing.
    1:49:19 And so, in my experience, it takes about five years for most entrepreneurs that I know to
    1:49:21 just like find something that works.
    1:49:26 Like, it takes about five years to figure out which way is north.
    1:49:28 And then it takes like another five years.
    1:49:33 And a lot of people, that’s it, like they restart, they go off crash and burn.
    1:49:38 And it takes another five years to build something that can create generational wealth.
    1:49:39 So it’s about a 10-year slug.
    1:49:42 And here’s the really hard truth about it.
    1:49:48 If you have a job right now, for almost all of that five years, you quit your job because
    1:49:52 you don’t want to work as hard as you are, and you want to make more money.
    1:49:55 And as soon as you quit, you will realize that you are now going to work way harder
    1:49:59 than you were, and you’re going to make less money for an extended period of time.
    1:50:03 The one benefit is that you get to claim all responsibility for how little you make and
    1:50:08 how much you work, because you’re like, “My boss is an idiot, and it’s me.”
    1:50:09 But it’s the truth.
    1:50:17 And I think that in some ways, having that optimistic ignorance is actually one of the
    1:50:19 really redeeming traits of entrepreneurs.
    1:50:25 And one of the really hard parts is that the biggest jump you have to make gets so immediately
    1:50:32 reinforced from the freedom you have from being able to chart your own path.
    1:50:39 But that big success of quitting one thing and starting another, you need to immediately
    1:50:41 forget.
    1:50:45 And I think that fundamentally, that is why so many entrepreneurs keep doing it is because
    1:50:49 the first time you do it, it’s the biggest rush ever.
    1:50:54 You quit your job, you do the business, and you get some first traction.
    1:50:58 The first dollar that you make when the new business, it’s like the best dollar ever.
    1:51:02 But it’s such a strong reinforcer that what does it reinforce?
    1:51:05 It reinforces stopping what you’re doing and starting something else.
    1:51:11 And so, I think one of the fundamental errors of entrepreneurship is that sometimes the
    1:51:15 jumping ship to start this thing is the lesson that you need to immediately unlearn, because
    1:51:20 after that, you have to just stick with it for a very long period of time.
    1:51:25 There’s also something in that entrepreneurs don’t go into starting a company with the
    1:51:27 belief that their hypothesis is wrong.
    1:51:32 So in year one or seven months in when they realized that their initial hypothesis was
    1:51:36 wrong, they think that means abandon ship because my hypothesis is wrong.
    1:51:40 Whereas successful entrepreneurs that I’ve met, especially second time founders, realized
    1:51:43 that their hypothesis is almost certainly wrong from the jump.
    1:51:47 And that the process of starting is to correct and to find a new hypothesis.
    1:51:52 I think about like Mark Zuckerberg in his room with like face swap or whatever was rating
    1:51:53 people’s attractiveness.
    1:51:57 And now matter is there’s like virtual reality AI company.
    1:52:01 But understanding that your hypothesis is wrong from the jump and that this is a process
    1:52:06 of finding a new hypothesis, I think will give you a little bit more patience as well
    1:52:10 through these cycles of the crisis of meaning and so on.
    1:52:11 So two things.
    1:52:15 So one is, I had this tweet that went like super viral, but it was like a first time
    1:52:19 founder, Hey, I need you to sign an NDA before I tell you my business idea.
    1:52:24 I know you’ve gotten, I know you, I know you have.
    1:52:27 Third time founder, here’s everything I have.
    1:52:28 Here’s all the documents.
    1:52:29 Here’s all the projections.
    1:52:32 It’s probably all wrong and this probably won’t work.
    1:52:35 But I have a couple of smart people and I think we’ll be able to figure it out.
    1:52:38 It’ll probably cost longer and take longer is cost more and take longer than we think.
    1:52:41 But we think it’s worth a shot.
    1:52:47 Cause everyone who’s been on both sides of that understand, like the entrepreneurs got
    1:52:51 it cause they’re like, Oh my God, I was that guy and all the investors get it cause they’re
    1:52:53 like, Oh my God, I deal with this guy all the time.
    1:52:57 But actually what you just said with the many, many iterations that from your original idea
    1:53:04 until what actually happens is yet again, one of those demonstrations of the difference
    1:53:07 between a beginner and expert, a beginner has binary thinking.
    1:53:09 So they think this worked or it didn’t work.
    1:53:13 And if it didn’t work, then I need a new idea rather than having the nuance thinking of
    1:53:17 a master or an expert or advanced person who says, what about this?
    1:53:20 If I click into it, I break it into its component parts.
    1:53:21 What about this?
    1:53:22 Didn’t work.
    1:53:23 Okay.
    1:53:25 It’s not that meta ads don’t work or advertising doesn’t work.
    1:53:31 It’s that we didn’t nail the hook in our ad or that we didn’t make our offer clear enough
    1:53:37 on the landing page or it was not congruent with the advertisement or, um, you know, whose
    1:53:41 offer itself wasn’t very compelling or didn’t have, it didn’t like, it was just this, we,
    1:53:45 everyone’s coming in and saying, yeah, I kind of want that, but this is actually my issue.
    1:53:46 We’re not solving the core problem.
    1:53:49 So it’s, it’s always in the, in the details.
    1:53:53 It’s always in the sifting through the many small things that you find the kernel that
    1:53:55 ends up fixing the business.
    1:54:01 I mean, I know that, uh, Facebook was trying to fix their virality issue and they were
    1:54:06 locked in a room for days, trying to figure out how they could get more users to retain
    1:54:07 on the platform.
    1:54:09 People would sign up, but then they wouldn’t do anything and then they would, they drop
    1:54:10 out.
    1:54:18 And so finally, um, Zuck just said, okay, we have some belief that if people have more
    1:54:21 friends that they will engage.
    1:54:25 And so they didn’t, and here’s the thing, like with the uncertainty, they couldn’t prove
    1:54:26 it.
    1:54:30 He just was like, I feel like that’s better than them not having friends.
    1:54:34 And so he said, all right, the new goal is 10 friends in 14 days.
    1:54:35 That’s the goal.
    1:54:39 Create the experience so that we can get it to introduce them to 10 people or connect
    1:54:43 them with 10 people that they already know on the platform within 14 days.
    1:54:47 And as soon as that happened, then obviously Facebook took off or continued to grow.
    1:54:51 And so he wasn’t like, Oh, Facebook doesn’t work anymore or social networks aren’t going
    1:54:52 to be a thing.
    1:54:58 It’s, it’s usually way smaller and way the adjustment you need to make is much more
    1:55:01 nuanced than what you originally expect.
    1:55:05 If the foundational principle of like cutting hair, mowing lawns, whatever, it’s like, this
    1:55:09 problem exists and I can charge a certain amount and make a profit on it.
    1:55:11 Then there’s nothing wrong with the business.
    1:55:13 It’s just, what is the constraint that’s holding us back?
    1:55:17 And then usually zooming into the constraint and realizing there’s 20 things that are contributing
    1:55:19 to the outcome, not one.
    1:55:24 And that’s where expertise and that, and you develop that expertise by trying and failing.
    1:55:25 And that’s, and that’s just the name of the game.
    1:55:30 And so I think you have to have an incredibly high tolerance for failure without internalizing
    1:55:35 it and feeling like you yourself are a failure as a result of failure.
    1:55:36 Well, this is it.
    1:55:40 When I started my first business at 18 years old called Warpark, social network, whatever,
    1:55:43 I thought the game was to be right.
    1:55:48 I came to learn from businesses that came after that actually the game of entrepreneurship
    1:55:50 is to be successful and they’re two very different things.
    1:55:51 To win.
    1:55:55 Because when you want to be right, you not only want to be CEO and you want your hypothesis
    1:55:58 that you put in that first pitch deck to come true.
    1:56:01 And even when customers are telling you that you were wrong, you try and force the fucking
    1:56:04 hypothesis.
    1:56:07 But when you, when your game is to be successful, there’s a couple of really interesting things
    1:56:09 that I observe happen.
    1:56:13 One of them is you, I watch founders say, actually, maybe I’m not the best person to be CEO.
    1:56:16 Even though I founded this thing, maybe I should be chief brand officer.
    1:56:21 When I think about some of the top companies in the UK, represent just valued at 100 million,
    1:56:27 Jim Sharp, Ben’s business valued at 1.5 billion, Julian’s business probably valued at a billion.
    1:56:30 I’m involved in some of these businesses in different ways.
    1:56:34 And the thing they all have in common is at some early point, the founder put their ego
    1:56:36 secondary to the success of the business.
    1:56:38 They said, actually, I’m not the best CEO.
    1:56:43 I should be head of brand or marketing or product or product or whatever it is.
    1:56:46 And that’s that mindset shift from being, I need to be right and I need to be at the
    1:56:51 helm of being right versus this thing needs to be successful.
    1:56:56 And this goes back to the who, which is if you, if you, at some point, if you want to
    1:57:01 have a really ridiculously successful company, it will hire more lifetimes of expertise than
    1:57:03 you can live.
    1:57:05 And so then it becomes a recruiting game.
    1:57:10 Like very quickly, almost all business becomes recruiting.
    1:57:14 Which is how do I, I mean, if you listen to Zuck talk about it, you listen to Elon talk
    1:57:16 about it, you listen to Steve Jobs talk about it.
    1:57:19 Steve would talk about how the best players that he had in the company, he would set aside
    1:57:24 like a year to 18 months to bring them in.
    1:57:29 And he said, every time I, you know, I knew who I wanted.
    1:57:32 And then I would, he’s like, you know, I would take some calls with other people and I would
    1:57:35 just be like, but they’re not John.
    1:57:36 They’re not John.
    1:57:40 And so he would just keep working on them and working on them and working them.
    1:57:43 And so eventually they’re like, you know what, fine.
    1:57:44 They like give up.
    1:57:48 And they’re like, if this guy is this persistent, like he probably will be successful entrepreneur.
    1:57:49 He will take us there.
    1:57:54 And I think that like people are the highest leverage thing that you, that you can bring
    1:57:57 into the company outside of, you know, crazy technology.
    1:58:02 I am one of my favorite videos of all time is where Steve Jobs, who you just mentioned
    1:58:04 talks about hiring truly exceptional people.
    1:58:07 And he says words to the effect I’ll play out on screen.
    1:58:11 He says, um, people think the success of Apple is a consequence of me and my talent and my
    1:58:12 skills.
    1:58:16 But what I’ve actually done is I’ve built my career quote on hiring truly exceptional
    1:58:20 people doing the extremely hard work of finding them and hiring them.
    1:58:23 And this crazy thing happens when you do that, is it propagates.
    1:58:26 I A players then want to work with a players.
    1:58:28 They also hire a players and it spreads.
    1:58:31 I think it was this video.
    1:58:40 I’ve built a lot of my success off finding these truly gifted people and not settling
    1:58:43 for B and C players, but really going for the A players.
    1:58:45 And I found something.
    1:58:50 I found that when you get enough A players together, when you go to, through the incredible
    1:58:55 work to find, you know, five of these A players, they really like working with each other because
    1:58:58 they never had a chance to do that before.
    1:59:01 And they don’t want to work with B and C players.
    1:59:05 And so it becomes self policing and they only want to hire more A players.
    1:59:10 And so you build up these pockets of A players and it propagates.
    1:59:16 The thing is, is that it’s just like money won’t make you happy.
    1:59:20 It’s one of those things that like every founder like has to figure out for themselves.
    1:59:27 But the thing is, and I’ve had obviously a bunch of conversations around this, but like
    1:59:31 what you think is an A player today is not what you will think an A player is in five
    1:59:32 years.
    1:59:37 And so I think one of the hardest mental hacks around this is trying to project yourself
    1:59:41 into the future, into the size business that you want to have and say, who would be an
    1:59:44 A player at that size and scale?
    1:59:49 And then coming back to the present and saying, how do I get them to work for me today?
    1:59:53 And it’s, it’s really, and so as a mental process for anybody who does have a business
    1:59:58 right now and has some employees, if you, like everybody right now, you probably have
    2:00:01 some version of your A player, because every business has at least one, hopefully, right,
    2:00:06 besides you, imagine your business had five of those people, like you picture in your
    2:00:09 head, you’ve got that one person, now you have five of them.
    2:00:15 How much more would you make, would you double, would you, would you five, would you 10x,
    2:00:17 would you 50x?
    2:00:20 And sometimes you realize you’re like, no, I think I would actually 10x.
    2:00:25 And so if that were the case, one, not only would you 10x the company, number two, the
    2:00:29 value of the company would more than 10x because it would no longer be, it would be significantly
    2:00:33 less relied on you and it’d be more reliant on the team that you’ve built.
    2:00:38 Number three, it would happen faster because you would have more barrels that were firing,
    2:00:40 concurrently moving things forward.
    2:00:47 And those, those pieces, when put together, you have to then ask yourself from an opportunity
    2:00:53 cost perspective, what other activity could I be doing that would have the possibility
    2:00:58 of 10xing my company, doing it faster and increasing the enterprise value multiple?
    2:00:59 That’s not that.
    2:01:03 And if you can’t find one, then it means you’re working on the wrong stuff.
    2:01:08 And I think that is one of those great litmus tests of like, if I can find something, and
    2:01:13 I’ll give you a really simple one that’s not, not human, the talent based here, something
    2:01:15 as simple as calling your leads.
    2:01:20 So there’s tons of research that suggests that you can four or five X your conversion
    2:01:27 of leads by calling them within 60 seconds of them opting it for any product you have.
    2:01:32 If you have all of these priorities they have across the company, does any of them have
    2:01:39 the high likelihood of four or five Xing your business immediately with very low cost of
    2:01:44 doing so, less so than just calling the leads within 60 seconds?
    2:01:50 If the answer is no, then by God, why are you not calling all your leads within 60 seconds?
    2:01:53 The FOB question would be like, well, I don’t have enough people to call our leads within
    2:01:54 60 seconds.
    2:02:00 And then we’d say, okay, what is four X the revenue of your company worth?
    2:02:07 Okay, what does it cost to hire one person whose only job is to just call the leads?
    2:02:11 Now I recently talked to a restoration company, so they did water damage for homes when they
    2:02:12 got hit by storms.
    2:02:17 And he told me, he said he was converting 55% of his leads, not calls, leads.
    2:02:19 And I was like, how on earth are you doing this?
    2:02:21 And I was like, well, how many leads a day do you get?
    2:02:22 And he said two or three.
    2:02:23 And I was like, okay.
    2:02:24 So what’s the process?
    2:02:26 He’s like, oh, it’s really simple.
    2:02:31 My aunt, I pay her $60,000 a year and she has only one job.
    2:02:35 She has no responsibility in the company besides the moment a lead comes in, you stop having
    2:02:40 sex with your husband, you stop cooking, you stop loving your child, and you immediately
    2:02:41 call the lead.
    2:02:42 That’s the only responsibility.
    2:02:46 She just has to make three calls a day at the moment the leads come in.
    2:02:51 And he pays her $60,000 and that brings in millions of dollars of revenue.
    2:02:56 And so you’re not going to pay forward out of the dollars you have now, you’re going
    2:02:59 to pay forward out of the dollars that you’re going to make that you’re not making yet because
    2:03:01 you haven’t done it yet.
    2:03:07 And so pin in that back to the people.
    2:03:11 I think the hardest time, we call this the swamp at acquisition.com, but it’s usually
    2:03:14 between like one and three million is the swamp.
    2:03:21 And I think there’s a numbers reason for why it’s such a painful period for entrepreneurs.
    2:03:23 Let’s say one million for simple math.
    2:03:26 If you have a million dollar business, let’s say that you have 20% margins.
    2:03:29 So that means you’re making $200,000 a year in profit.
    2:03:34 For you to get an A player, it’s probably going to cost you 100% of your profit to get
    2:03:36 that A player.
    2:03:39 And so you’ll have what appears to be an impossible choice.
    2:03:45 You’ll have, do I sacrifice basically 100% of my profit to bring this person in?
    2:03:52 Or do I work another six hours a day to do the job that this person is doing?
    2:03:54 Both paths work.
    2:03:59 Both are painful and risky because the overworking yourself thing, you can get yourself through
    2:04:03 that hump and then now you’re at maybe three or four million and that 20% is 800, you can
    2:04:07 spend 200, you still have cash flow, you can still live.
    2:04:12 The downside for the picking the person path is that what if you pick wrong?
    2:04:16 And this, by the way, ladies and gentlemen, is why entrepreneurs get outsized returns
    2:04:18 is because we take on outside risk.
    2:04:24 And so this is the job, is that we have to be willing to make impossible choices.
    2:04:29 And the vast majority of choices for entrepreneurs in the business are impossible choices between
    2:04:35 two relatively bad scenarios because the rest of the choices don’t even feel like choices
    2:04:36 because they’re obvious.
    2:04:38 Of course we should correlate faster.
    2:04:39 Of course we should follow up more.
    2:04:41 Of course we should try and onboard faster.
    2:04:42 Okay.
    2:04:43 All of these things are the obvious ones.
    2:04:50 But when you have, man, I’m trying to think of the ones that I’m not, I’m not, almost
    2:04:53 all the decisions that you get stuck with, and Elon says this really beautifully.
    2:05:01 He says, running a business is like staring out to the abyss and chewing glass.
    2:05:06 He said, because the staring out to the abyss component of it is just the fact that this
    2:05:12 may never work and you’re almost facing existential risk at all times to the business.
    2:05:17 And the eating glass component is that you will, by nature of your role, get funneled
    2:05:20 the worst problems in the business and the problems that no one else can solve.
    2:05:23 So it’s one, problems that people can’t solve.
    2:05:25 Two, the worst ones.
    2:05:28 Or that they don’t want to solve and they suck.
    2:05:32 And so you basically become a filter for the worst things and that’s why it feels like
    2:05:34 a fire every single day in the business.
    2:05:38 Because you’re the only one who can make the tough call because no one else wants to choose
    2:05:41 between these two impossible choices and you’re like, why is it so hard?
    2:05:44 And the thing is, is that it literally never stops being hard.
    2:05:48 It’s that the currency that you pay for in the hardness changes.
    2:05:52 And so, you know, a lot of people have this envision of like the rocky cut scene of like,
    2:05:56 it must be hard for business, but I don’t, I don’t think that’s where the hardship comes.
    2:06:01 I think the hardship is that at every level of business, there’s new sacrifices that you
    2:06:03 didn’t know you were going to have to make.
    2:06:05 Because if it was just, oh, I have to work long hours.
    2:06:08 There’s tons of people who work long hours in their business and don’t, don’t grow.
    2:06:11 And it’s usually because they’re unwilling to have a hard conversation.
    2:06:13 It’s a different currency, right?
    2:06:14 They have to take on risk.
    2:06:16 It’s a different currency.
    2:06:20 They have to, they have to, they have to make some sort of bet, right?
    2:06:22 That they otherwise wouldn’t have had to make.
    2:06:24 They have some sort of legal issue that they encounter.
    2:06:29 They have an employee who tries to sue them for some sort of mal whatever, right?
    2:06:32 All of a sudden you’re like, wait, all of these things are happening and they happen
    2:06:33 on a regular basis.
    2:06:38 And at each level, you unlock new levels of glass that you get to true through.
    2:06:44 And so this is why like most entrepreneurs, in my opinion, don’t actually quit, they fizzle.
    2:06:45 So it’s not a big bang.
    2:06:49 Usually it’s, they just, they stop seeking.
    2:06:53 So either they get content at the level that they’re at and they just don’t strive for more.
    2:06:56 And sometimes they say it just wasn’t worth the trade.
    2:06:57 And I respect that.
    2:06:58 They’re like, you know what?
    2:06:59 I’m at a million dollars a year and I don’t want any more.
    2:07:00 Fine.
    2:07:01 You won.
    2:07:02 Congratulations.
    2:07:03 Like you won at life.
    2:07:05 But most of the times they don’t really quit.
    2:07:06 They just stop trying.
    2:07:11 And then they just either coast or it just fizzles into, into nothingness.
    2:07:13 And that’s just my experience of having, I’m sure you’ve seen this, having gone through
    2:07:15 like cycles of entrepreneurs.
    2:07:16 It’s like seasons.
    2:07:20 It’s like, oh yeah, I came in through, even like in the media and influencer space, whatever.
    2:07:23 It’s like, there was a bunch of guys that 10 years ago, it’s a different landscape now
    2:07:24 than it was 10 years ago.
    2:07:26 Some people adapted.
    2:07:30 Some of them were like, ah, I don’t like the, they just, they just, they weren’t willing
    2:07:33 to chew the new glass, which is how do I learn TikTok?
    2:07:34 How do I learn?
    2:07:35 But man, blogs were so good.
    2:07:37 It’s like, yeah, and they’re not anymore.
    2:07:40 I talked to an entrepreneur really massively.
    2:07:44 Many hundreds of millions a year in sales and he was like, dude, we were killing it
    2:07:45 on infomercials.
    2:07:47 So TV.
    2:07:51 And he’s like, we just, you know, we, we just, we really just have to crack YouTube.
    2:07:58 And I’m thinking to myself like, dude, it’s 2024, like, like you needed to crack YouTube
    2:08:03 10 years ago and he had the resources to do it, but it was just a different kind of hard.
    2:08:10 And so most of the hard is one, a level of uncertainty that, that goes into it and almost
    2:08:14 certain immediate failure, because the first thing you’re going to do will probably not
    2:08:15 work.
    2:08:19 And again, it’s the iterations of when you get into the new domain, you have to transfer
    2:08:24 your generalized knowledge, which is that as an entrepreneur, I will know that this doesn’t
    2:08:27 work, probably, because I only know four things about it.
    2:08:29 And I need to know like 400.
    2:08:33 And so I will get my first shot and I need to get directionally correct and then just
    2:08:34 keep doing more of that.
    2:08:38 And so I gave the consulting way of learning kind of like a new space.
    2:08:42 But if you want to learn a new skill, the fastest way that I do it that’s outside of
    2:08:46 courses or anything is tremendous volume of activity.
    2:08:48 So whether that’s like, I want to take a lot of sales calls, I want to do a lot of outreach,
    2:08:49 I want to make a lot of content.
    2:08:53 I want to do a lot of customer success calls, whatever it is, you do 100 of those.
    2:08:56 And then you say, what are the top 10% of these?
    2:09:01 Okay, what did these top 10% have different than the other 90?
    2:09:05 And then I say, okay, well, these ones had these three things that were different.
    2:09:08 Let’s try and do those three things on the next 100.
    2:09:12 And then because of the variety of life, there’s going to be some new variables that exist
    2:09:14 that you look at the top 10% of the next 100.
    2:09:19 And you’re like, okay, we did those three, but there’s also two more things that happened
    2:09:21 in this 10 versus the other 90.
    2:09:23 Now let’s do all five of those things.
    2:09:28 And over time, this is how you develop a checklist for making banger content and banger videos.
    2:09:35 And I’m sure like, there’s this clip, David Pearl talks about Chris Rock’s creative process.
    2:09:38 And he says, how is it that you see Chris Rock at Madison Square Gardens?
    2:09:41 And it’s just like 60 minutes of just fire.
    2:09:43 You’re like, how is this guy so funny?
    2:09:47 And it’s because what you don’t see is the many small clubs and the first club that he
    2:09:52 goes to and does a whole hour long set and has like three moments that people laugh a
    2:09:53 lot about.
    2:09:58 And he’s got like five minutes that are good and the other 55 minutes basically suck.
    2:10:01 And so the next time he goes to a club, he takes those five minutes, puts them at the
    2:10:06 front and then he tries all new material for the next 55 minutes and he gets another five
    2:10:07 minutes.
    2:10:10 And he continues to repeat this process and put the new stuff at the front until eventually
    2:10:13 a 60 minutes of uninterrupted laughing.
    2:10:16 And then people are like, oh my God, he’s so talented, I can’t believe that he can just
    2:10:19 stand up there and talk into a microphone and make everyone laugh.
    2:10:24 Cross age boundaries, cross cultural boundaries, cross, you know, all of the boundaries that
    2:10:25 you might imagine.
    2:10:27 How can he be so funny to everyone?
    2:10:28 That’s how.
    2:10:30 How can that guy be so good at writing?
    2:10:31 Well, he looked at the stuff that he wrote.
    2:10:36 He found the best stuff, made it into the few things that he always does and then kept writing.
    2:10:38 And that fundamentally is the process of learning anything.
    2:10:39 And it’s usually not one thing.
    2:10:43 It’s many small things that when added together in aggregate, create the outsized returns.
    2:10:45 Sorry, that was a little pulpit there.
    2:10:48 I just get violent about skill acquisition because that’s what it takes.
    2:10:49 So interesting.
    2:10:54 But so interesting to see your journey through that and how you ended up at skill acquisition
    2:10:57 because I was, as you went through, there was three things that I was thinking about
    2:10:59 and I managed to write them down.
    2:11:05 The first at the top of it was you detailed three reasons why hiring the exceptional person
    2:11:07 when you’re faced with that paradox of what do I do with my profits?
    2:11:08 That makes so much sense.
    2:11:16 One of the big things I hear from founders that they don’t appreciate is to go for a
    2:11:20 long period of time, you have to have some kind of emotional regulation.
    2:11:24 And as you were talking about the different levels of business and every level you have
    2:11:29 more problems, what I often see is a young founder hasn’t hired those levels in between
    2:11:34 to deal with all those different types of problems and they are like burning out and
    2:11:35 thinking of quitting.
    2:11:39 I had someone in my office last week and she’s en route to build about a 50 million dollar
    2:11:45 business this year and the first question I said to her was what’s your executive team?
    2:11:47 And she just like rolls her eyes and she’s like, I don’t have an executive team.
    2:11:51 She’d done a post on social media basically in tears saying that she was going to quit.
    2:11:55 She’s got a 30 to 50 million dollar business.
    2:11:59 It’s growing like wildfire, but she’s about to almost quit it because she’s dealing with
    2:12:01 every single problem.
    2:12:05 And often founders say to me, they think because they’re experiencing so much hardship
    2:12:11 in that like one to three million phase that forever it’s going to be just huge pain.
    2:12:14 And I talked to them about this thing I call the promise land.
    2:12:15 Do I love this?
    2:12:18 Because in the first two, three years of my business, I thought that forever I’m going
    2:12:20 to have to deal with every fucking problem.
    2:12:23 Jenny in the office has pissed off at Dave and on Saturday night when they were drunk,
    2:12:25 they did something which they shouldn’t have had enough.
    2:12:29 And I realized the problem was I hadn’t solved for hiring these levels, so everything was
    2:12:30 coming to me.
    2:12:35 And the emotional toll on my nervous system of dealing with every problem was not sustainable.
    2:12:36 And then I accidentally hired someone good.
    2:12:37 Yeah.
    2:12:38 Katie, who I mentioned.
    2:12:41 And then she dealt with all this.
    2:12:44 And then I could think again as a founder.
    2:12:48 So I want to just give a moment to that and your thoughts on that.
    2:12:54 I want to do my best shot at operationalizing what you just said for somebody who’s listening.
    2:12:58 When we have, when we encounter this issue, we have a specific process that we go through.
    2:13:01 And so we tell the founder, I want you to make a Google sheet.
    2:13:02 Really simple.
    2:13:06 And I want you to have the time slots from 5am to midnight, however long you work, in
    2:13:08 15 minute increments.
    2:13:13 And I want you to set a timer, easy timer, kitchen timer, like for cooking for every
    2:13:14 15 minutes.
    2:13:18 And every 15 minutes, I want you to, when it dings, I want you to write down what you
    2:13:19 did.
    2:13:21 One or two, one or two words doesn’t, doesn’t, doesn’t take a lot.
    2:13:24 Now, as soon as I say that, people are like, oh my God, I don’t have time for this.
    2:13:28 I will promise you, it will be the most productive week of your life because you will be aware
    2:13:29 of how you’re spending your time.
    2:13:32 Every time I do this, I immediately think I should do this all the time.
    2:13:33 And I don’t.
    2:13:34 So just do it.
    2:13:35 Just do it for the one week.
    2:13:36 Okay.
    2:13:39 And so what happens is you’ll do it for a whole week.
    2:13:43 And then what the second step of this is you’ll look at that and you’ll say, okay, wow, I
    2:13:48 didn’t know that 40% of my time is dealing with this thing.
    2:13:54 And I can hire a role to handle 40% of my time for this amount of money.
    2:13:57 If I had 40% of my time back, I could double this business.
    2:14:01 And that would be worth significantly more than what I’d pay this person.
    2:14:05 And then you look at the next 15% of your time and you’re like, okay, is this something
    2:14:07 that I can give to somebody else?
    2:14:09 Like, can I push this down?
    2:14:11 Can I create some process around this that can correct it?
    2:14:14 Or do I need to keep eating it for a little bit until it’s enough that it’s a full time
    2:14:15 role?
    2:14:21 And so fundamentally, I see the entrepreneur as the many-headed fractionalist that you
    2:14:25 continue to pull things under your plate until you have enough that you can ship it out to
    2:14:26 somebody else full time.
    2:14:31 And being aware of, again, the one resource we have, which is time, how we’re allocating
    2:14:33 it so we get the highest return.
    2:14:36 And so if you look at the stack of time as an entrepreneur, we are always getting paid
    2:14:43 for our time, kind of the premise of the whole talk here, is that we trade our time for dollars.
    2:14:49 And so we always, the whole process of entrepreneurship is continuing to trade up what you’re trading
    2:14:51 your time for.
    2:14:55 And at the most foundational level, that is all we’re doing.
    2:15:02 And so to take this as a hypothetical, your business doesn’t need you.
    2:15:06 Right now, you spend whatever hours you do working and you do these things.
    2:15:09 Imagine a world where you could hire somebody who could spend the same amount of time doing
    2:15:10 all that stuff.
    2:15:12 Now you own the business.
    2:15:14 And whatever you have to pay them, you take out of the profit and everything else is now
    2:15:19 distributions that you own as an owner.
    2:15:20 That’s it.
    2:15:24 Now the entrepreneur who’s mission driven, then stacks their plate with even more things
    2:15:28 that they need to do, and then just continues that process over and over again.
    2:15:33 Now this is the part where the pushback comes, which is no one can do what I can do.
    2:15:39 And I want to say you’re right and if I wanted to, let’s say you’re a unicorn, so we can
    2:15:43 imagine this mythical unicorn, got this white horse, got the horn, tail, everything, and
    2:15:47 a little pixie flies for the magic that’s around it, okay.
    2:15:54 You probably won’t find a unicorn, but you can find a white horse, and you can find a
    2:15:59 rhinoceros to get the horn, and you can find some fireflies to give you the twinkles.
    2:16:05 And so you may not hire one person who has all of these things, but you can hire three.
    2:16:09 And then those three together can potentially do everything that you’re doing better because
    2:16:12 it’s all they’re doing with all of their time.
    2:16:16 And breaking it up into basically understanding that you’re not going to find that unicorn,
    2:16:20 but you just break it into pieces and then you can partition it out to people who can
    2:16:27 just do those parts, makes it a lot more manageable from a multiple level to think like, “I’m never
    2:16:28 going to find this.”
    2:16:33 Of course you’re not, and that’s okay because we can solve for parts of our calendar.
    2:16:38 And fundamentally when you buy back the time, you can then do what you’re like basically
    2:16:40 take the next step in the business.
    2:16:43 The other really interesting thing as you were talking about your friend who was doing
    2:16:49 blogs and missed YouTube, was the idea that our success traps being old innovators dilemma,
    2:16:52 that success traps us in the past.
    2:16:56 So your friend probably missed YouTube because he didn’t want to reallocate headcount to
    2:16:58 something that was working and paying the bills.
    2:17:02 And this I guess ties into your point about failure being so unbelievably important because
    2:17:09 what me and you both do right now is going to get old, and we probably both watched the
    2:17:11 people that came before us fade into a relevance.
    2:17:14 Look at these dinosaurs.
    2:17:17 And we’re part of some kind of new school of content creation, but we’re going to become
    2:17:23 part of the old school, if we don’t, what’s in that gap?
    2:17:24 Adapt.
    2:17:26 And I think that it’s important.
    2:17:31 So Google has their, I think Sergey like solved this mathematically, but I think they
    2:17:33 call it 70/20/10.
    2:17:37 So 70% of resources get allocated to the core business, do more of what we’re currently
    2:17:38 doing.
    2:17:40 20% goes to adjacent businesses.
    2:17:44 So things that are high likelihood success that are, you know, one step removed from
    2:17:46 the existing core business.
    2:17:51 And then 10% goes to moonshots totally like off the path, like let’s just see maybe we’ll
    2:17:52 get a hundred extra turn.
    2:17:55 We probably will lose on most of these.
    2:17:59 And he proved it with math, he’s smarter than I am.
    2:18:02 But fundamentally that is the concept of more better new.
    2:18:05 And so that’s one of the chapters in the lead’s book, which is, okay, now that you have the
    2:18:07 core four, right, these are the four things that you can do.
    2:18:09 You can post content, you can run ads, you can do outreach to strangers, you can do outreach
    2:18:10 to people you know.
    2:18:14 There’s the four things any person can do to advertise.
    2:18:16 The first thing you do is you do more.
    2:18:21 And for most small businesses, they’re doing so little and think they’re doing so much
    2:18:25 and it’s a huge gap in understanding.
    2:18:31 And so I’ll tell this story that’s probably the easiest way to explain it, which is when
    2:18:35 I had my first gym, I called up a mentor, he had 20 locations, I said, “How do you
    2:18:36 advertise?”
    2:18:37 He said, “I use flyers.”
    2:18:38 I said, “Okay.”
    2:18:41 I put 300 flyers out.
    2:18:42 It didn’t work.
    2:18:43 I called him back.
    2:18:44 I was upset.
    2:18:45 I said, “WTF?”
    2:18:48 He said, “Slow down.
    2:18:49 What was your test size?”
    2:18:51 And I said, “What do you mean?”
    2:18:52 He’s like, “Well, your test size.”
    2:18:56 So like, I mean, the 300 wasn’t the only amount that you put out.
    2:18:58 I was like, “Well, yeah.”
    2:19:02 He’s like, “Well, our test size is 5,000 flyers.
    2:19:06 And then once we have a winner, then we do 5,000 every day in terms of flyers that they
    2:19:10 put on cars to get people in.
    2:19:14 And so over a 30-day period, he would be putting out 150,000 flyers, and over a 30-day period,
    2:19:17 I put out 300.
    2:19:22 And so he was in a very real way doing whatever the math is there, but like 300 times or whatever,
    2:19:26 I don’t know, a lot more, 500 times the math, sorry, 500 times the flyers that I was.
    2:19:29 And of course, he was getting a better result.
    2:19:35 And so one of the fundamental misconceptions of small businesses is that they mistake low
    2:19:42 volume for volatility, meaning if you’re not sure where your sales come from and you
    2:19:47 get one sale here and then two weeks later you get another sale and it feels sporadic,
    2:19:52 it feels volatile, well, there is a certain amount of advertising activity that is occurring
    2:19:54 over that period of time.
    2:19:59 And we know that a month passes and you get one to two sales.
    2:20:04 And so the companies that are in your space that are doing one to two sales a day take
    2:20:07 what you’re doing in a month, and they do that every day.
    2:20:10 And I know that you can get this, and I want to put this in context here.
    2:20:15 I here, I would like to build a personal brand, and I say cool, and then I ask, how much
    2:20:16 country are you putting out?
    2:20:21 And they say, you know, I put out one or two pieces a week, and I’m like, that’s amazing.
    2:20:26 For context, for anyone who’s listening to this, we put out 450 pieces a week.
    2:20:32 And so the brand that we have is way larger because we do so much more than you do.
    2:20:38 And that’s, it’s, people can’t fathom the idea that someone works two times, five times,
    2:20:44 10 times, a thousand times more output than they are doing, but it is usually the reality
    2:20:47 of why they are getting a thousand times more than you’re getting.
    2:20:50 And fundamentally, this is the concept of leverage, which is, you know, the, that you
    2:20:51 get more for what you put in.
    2:20:54 In the beginning, you’re the one doing the flyers.
    2:20:56 Then you get leverage because then you make enough from those flyers that you can look
    2:21:00 at your time setting and be like, okay, I can pay two guys to do these flyers, and I can
    2:21:02 get eight hours back.
    2:21:03 That would be amazing.
    2:21:05 But now you’ve got two guys doing flyers, which is still double of what you were doing.
    2:21:09 Now you have double the revenue that’s coming in, like, okay, should I hire more guys?
    2:21:10 That’s more.
    2:21:11 Or should I do something better?
    2:21:12 Should I change my flyer up?
    2:21:13 Should I change the offer on the flyer?
    2:21:14 That would be better.
    2:21:16 Or should I start Facebook ads?
    2:21:20 Well, the new, which would be Facebook ads, is the 10% thing.
    2:21:24 Now, when you’re looking at allocation of resources, let’s say we’re now fast forwarding
    2:21:28 a little bit into a company that has, you know, profit that they can do stuff with.
    2:21:31 Part of the reinvestment is insurance for the future.
    2:21:36 And so every business has three strategic buckets that it has to allocate its resources
    2:21:37 into.
    2:21:40 Number one is how do we get more customers?
    2:21:43 Like if we get more customers, the company grows, period.
    2:21:46 Number two, how do we increase lifetime gross profit per customer?
    2:21:49 So if we got the same amount of customers, but we made all the customers worth more,
    2:21:50 we would also grow.
    2:21:54 Bucket three is how do we decrease risk, aka how do we increase the likelihood that the
    2:21:56 first two things don’t stop happening?
    2:21:57 And so those are the three buckets.
    2:22:03 And so when we’re, when you look at that 70, 2010, the 70 for the most part is usually
    2:22:06 going to be directed towards get more customers, make them worth more.
    2:22:08 And the better also ladders up to that.
    2:22:15 The risk factor is usually going to be the new thing that you’re going to do to ensure
    2:22:18 your future is going to be there by the time you get there.
    2:22:22 And so if you notice, if we noticed, for example, that like YouTube becomes like legacy television
    2:22:26 and you know, viewership starts dropping and it becomes this new VR, whatever, right?
    2:22:30 At some point, we’re going to have to look and be like, we need to take 10%, 20% of our
    2:22:33 profit every year and start building out this new team.
    2:22:35 We’re going to continue to do what we’re currently doing.
    2:22:38 And here’s the mistake that you need to avoid.
    2:22:42 Don’t take the stars that are making the one thing work and then push them on the other
    2:22:43 thing.
    2:22:45 You have to find the people who can build this.
    2:22:48 Otherwise you’re going to sacrifice the core because all of a sudden it’s like, oh God,
    2:22:51 well now we’re totally screwed because now we’re not getting customers from our existing
    2:22:54 thing and we haven’t figured out the new thing yet, right?
    2:22:58 And so this is fundamentally where I see the CEO role is like, you want to eventually become
    2:23:03 the flex player, which is that you can parachute in to a specific division or department that’s
    2:23:04 solving a complex issue.
    2:23:09 And then you had the benefit that you have a CEO or founder is that you have decision
    2:23:14 making power and you have the ability to allocate resources and immediately say yes to things.
    2:23:17 And that’s why, and to be fair, it’s unfair to your team to say, why can’t why can’t they
    2:23:18 do things as fast as me?
    2:23:20 Well, because you can write the checks and because you can say yes, you don’t need to
    2:23:21 check with the committee.
    2:23:22 You don’t need to run it up the flagpole.
    2:23:25 It’s just you saying, do this, do that, don’t worry about that.
    2:23:27 I’m telling you, you can stay late for this meeting.
    2:23:28 This is more important.
    2:23:34 And so strategy is just a fancy word that people say when they mean prioritization.
    2:23:35 That’s all it means.
    2:23:38 We have unlimited opportunities that we can allocate things towards, but we have limited
    2:23:39 resources.
    2:23:44 And so how do we prioritize those unlimited opportunities against those limited resources?
    2:23:46 That is fundamentally what strategy is.
    2:23:47 And that’s another way of just saying we prioritize.
    2:23:51 Your gut and my gut is the home of our digestion.
    2:23:54 And it’s also a gateway to better health, but it can be hard to know what’s going on
    2:23:55 in there.
    2:24:00 Zoe, who sponsors this podcast, has one of the largest microbiome databases on the planet
    2:24:03 and one of the world’s most advanced at home gut health tests.
    2:24:06 Their blood sugar sensor, which I have in this box in front of me goes on your arm so
    2:24:09 you can see how different foods impact your blood sugar.
    2:24:13 Then there’s the at home blood sample, which is really easy and analyzes your body’s blood
    2:24:14 fat.
    2:24:20 And of course, the famous blue Zoe cookie, which tests your metabolism.
    2:24:25 Oh, and I can’t forget, there’s also a poo sample, which is a critical step in understanding
    2:24:26 the health of your microbiome.
    2:24:30 And you post it all to Zoe and you get your results back, which will help you to understand
    2:24:32 your body’s response to different foods.
    2:24:36 Using your results, Zoe’s app will also create a personalized nutrition plan for you.
    2:24:39 And this is exactly why I invested in the business.
    2:24:41 So my question to you is how healthy is your gut?
    2:24:44 Head to Zoe.com to order your kit and find out.
    2:24:50 And because you’re one of our listeners, use code Bartlett 10 for 10% off your membership.
    2:24:55 Head to Zoe.com now at my company flight studio, which is part of my bigger company flight
    2:24:56 group.
    2:24:59 We’re constantly looking for ways to build deeper connections with our audiences, whether
    2:25:02 that’s a new show, a product or a project.
    2:25:04 It’s why I launched the conversation cards.
    2:25:07 I’ve relied on Shopify before, who’s a sponsor of today’s podcast.
    2:25:11 And I’ll be using them again for the next big launch, which we’ll hear about soon.
    2:25:14 And I use them because of how easy it is to set up an online store that reaches all of
    2:25:17 you, no matter where you are in the world.
    2:25:21 With Shopify, the usual pain points of launching products online disappear completely.
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    2:25:30 go to the next level and better connect with your customers all over the world.
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    2:25:39 You can sign up by going to Shopify.com/Bartlett.
    2:25:46 That’s Shopify.com/Bartlett, or find the link in the description below.
    2:25:50 On the car example you’re talking about with the flyers, what I was thinking is so many
    2:25:53 businesses try and win on the game of creativity.
    2:25:57 So we’ll create something more creative and appealing as an advert.
    2:26:01 And I see this in my portfolio because they’ll send me something and they’ll go, “Steve,
    2:26:02 one particular business I’m thinking about.”
    2:26:08 A major national supermarket has given us a display slot in 400 supermarkets.
    2:26:11 Which display should we use?
    2:26:13 And they’ll say to me, “This one or this one?”
    2:26:18 And I remember applying to them and saying, “I don’t know, and you don’t know, but here’s
    2:26:19 the system to find out.
    2:26:22 We’re going to create 100 displays and we’re going to run the misads on Facebook or we’re
    2:26:26 going to create some kind of environment where we’re not going to try and win on being the
    2:26:27 best creative guesses.
    2:26:30 We’re going to win on our rate of experimentation.
    2:26:32 We’re going to conduct more experiments.
    2:26:36 And I think this is a real shift in so many regards, because especially if we’ve gone
    2:26:40 through university and we’ve been trained as a copywriter, we have the old problem of
    2:26:43 wanting to be right not successful.
    2:26:46 And being able to, as a creative, even as a podcaster, say, “I don’t know what the right
    2:26:50 answer is, but I’m going to create a system where our rate of experimentation is going
    2:26:54 to be so much higher than our competitors, that we’re going to stumble across the right
    2:26:58 answer more than they do,” is a shift in thinking.
    2:27:02 So there are two types of questions that you shouldn’t ask.
    2:27:07 Questions that can be solved with a spreadsheet and questions that can be solved with testing.
    2:27:10 And so, fundamentally, the outside advice that you get on something that can be solved
    2:27:12 with math, just solve with math.
    2:27:16 And I would say, like, 30% of the questions that I get are like, “Should I sell this one
    2:27:17 or this one?”
    2:27:19 And I’m like, “Okay, well, what’s lifetime value of this product and what’s lifetime
    2:27:20 value of that product?
    2:27:21 Okay.
    2:27:22 What’s cost to acquire for this customer?
    2:27:23 What’s cost to acquire for that customer?
    2:27:24 Okay.
    2:27:25 This is a math problem.
    2:27:29 We have a way higher LTV to Cat ratio here, allocate resources here, but that’s a math
    2:27:30 problem.
    2:27:31 Anyone can just do that math.
    2:27:36 So for the testing one, I love this, so like the Leeds book, I didn’t know what to name
    2:27:37 it.
    2:27:38 So it’s about advertising.
    2:27:45 So I ran story tests for like a week or two, just saying $100 million promotions, $100
    2:27:47 million advertising, and then advertising one.
    2:27:50 It’s like $100 million advertising, $100 million marketing.
    2:27:51 Okay.
    2:27:52 And then advertising wins.
    2:27:53 I’m like, “Okay.
    2:27:56 $100 million advertising, $100 million leads.
    2:27:57 Leeds wins.
    2:27:58 $100 million leads versus two other things.
    2:27:59 Leeds keeps winning.
    2:28:00 Okay.
    2:28:01 Okay.
    2:28:02 And then I did the same thing for the cover.
    2:28:03 I did the same thing for the subheadline.
    2:28:07 And so I tested every component of it to get the thing that people seem to want, which
    2:28:11 is like, the book is advertising, but ironically, people want leads.
    2:28:13 So it’s kind of like, do I want to have a book on drills or do I want to have a book
    2:28:14 on holes?
    2:28:15 Right?
    2:28:16 People want the hole in the wall, not the drill.
    2:28:17 That’s just the vehicle.
    2:28:20 And so the book is just the vehicle to getting leads.
    2:28:25 But as a quick hack for anybody who has a brick and mortar business, this is just a quick
    2:28:26 hack for anybody.
    2:28:29 If you’re like, “What market should I expand into?
    2:28:31 Here’s five markets we’re looking at.
    2:28:33 Take $1,000.
    2:28:37 Run your best promotion that you win in your current market in all five of those markets.
    2:28:39 See what your lead cost is in all five markets.
    2:28:43 The one that has the lowest lead cost, then open in that market.
    2:28:49 Don’t spend $250,000 doing all these studies and then building out this location only to
    2:28:52 find out that the lead cost in that area sucks.
    2:28:53 Just test it first.
    2:28:58 It’s the best $5,000 or $10,000 that you’re ever going to spend to just ensure this is
    2:29:03 a risk bucket, ensure that when you’re there, it’s going to work.
    2:29:04 I mean, amen.
    2:29:07 It’s our whole philosophy, so it’s so wonderful to hear that.
    2:29:09 And I didn’t realize that you’d done that with the book.
    2:29:10 Oh, yeah.
    2:29:12 I have it in the chapter where I’m like, “You have to wrap everything.”
    2:29:16 And I show all the tests that I ran to, and I’m like, “You can see all the percentages
    2:29:18 of people saying this is the book title.”
    2:29:22 When people look at you, Alex, you’re a guy that knows a lot about a lot.
    2:29:27 And one of the questions that I often get as well is, “I need a mentor.
    2:29:30 All kids will come up to you and say, ‘I’m sure they say it to you all the time.
    2:29:31 Will you be my mentor?’”
    2:29:32 Yeah.
    2:29:35 Do mentors matter?
    2:29:38 So I’ll explain what I’m thinking through.
    2:29:44 So to answer that question, I think it asks, “What is required to win?”
    2:29:48 And is a mentor required?
    2:29:50 No.
    2:29:57 But there are certain behaviors and actions that will increase the likelihood of success.
    2:30:03 If you can do those actions faster, then you will have a higher likelihood of winning and
    2:30:06 higher likelihood of winning faster.
    2:30:13 All of humanity has been built on us standing on our forefathers’ shoulders and taking what
    2:30:14 they learned.
    2:30:15 We don’t have to figure out how light bulbs work.
    2:30:18 I have no idea how the internet works, but I know that it works.
    2:30:20 And there’s somebody who can figure it out.
    2:30:24 And so we just start where they kind of lay off the baton, and then we pick it up from
    2:30:28 there, and we run the next tower of many, and then we die, and we hit the next guy.
    2:30:35 And I think you don’t need mentors, but you need to learn from people ahead of you.
    2:30:41 And so I think in models, not mentors, what can I model about their behavior so that it
    2:30:44 can change my behavior to increase the likelihood that I win faster?
    2:30:50 And so everything that I do, and I feel it’s a pretty strong statement, everything that
    2:30:54 I do ladders up or down to behavior.
    2:30:57 And so you’d probably notice it when I talk about training and employees.
    2:31:01 When I talk about advertising, I just want to increase the likelihood that a stranger
    2:31:02 takes it to desired action.
    2:31:04 That’s all I’m trying to do.
    2:31:11 And when we get into behavior change, it removes a lot of the surface level fluff that I think
    2:31:13 confuses the vast majority of people.
    2:31:19 And so I’m always afraid to go on podcasts where somebody is like really heavy in like
    2:31:25 manifestation and like energy and frequencies and like whatever the hell.
    2:31:31 And they’ll say things like I manifested this meeting and I’ll be like, you didn’t, you’re,
    2:31:35 you have content that did well because you produce content on a regular basis.
    2:31:40 And then your EA reached out to my EA, that reach out is what initiated this, not whatever
    2:31:42 vibes you were setting out into the universe.
    2:31:46 Now some people might say, yeah, it was also the vibes, but I would bet that if they made
    2:31:50 the content and did the reach out, I would still do it, which means that those are the
    2:31:54 core things because if we’ve removed those, if we just did the manifestation and didn’t
    2:31:56 make the content of the reach out, I would not be here.
    2:31:59 And so one of these works, one of these doesn’t.
    2:32:04 And so that is what has allowed me to try and extract the essence from the mentors or
    2:32:05 heroes ahead of me.
    2:32:12 I consume a tremendous amount of Elon, Bezos, Zuck, anything that I can find that they put
    2:32:15 out or that they’re interviewed on, I try and consume it.
    2:32:20 And the whole goal is I want to think about their decision-making process as it relates
    2:32:27 to what they did and trying to apply that to my context in terms of behavior.
    2:32:33 And so that has been just like the big, the big, big, big zoom out for do I need a mentor?
    2:32:35 No, but you need to learn stuff.
    2:32:39 And so whatever way is the fastest way for you to learn things, do that.
    2:32:43 And so I’ll tell this story because I think it’s like, do you need one?
    2:32:44 No, no one needs one.
    2:32:47 You can literally just do all of these things through trial and error on your own and you
    2:32:48 will figure it out.
    2:32:51 Time is obviously the one thing that is the big question mark.
    2:32:53 And I think part of it is a question of how valuable is your time to you?
    2:32:59 Not in a micro example, but would I pay in time or money to move forward five years and
    2:33:01 not make five years of mistakes?
    2:33:06 So when I started my first gym, I didn’t actually start the gym because I quit my job
    2:33:08 and I drove across the country and I showed up at a guy’s house that I Googled on the
    2:33:11 internet who said he was good at running gyms.
    2:33:12 His name was Seven Figure Sam.
    2:33:14 And so he was a gym guru.
    2:33:20 And so I showed up at his actual gym unannounced and I was like, “Hey, I’m here to be mentored
    2:33:21 and learn.”
    2:33:25 And he was like, “I’m working.
    2:33:30 I really don’t know who you are and maybe we’ll talk tomorrow or something.”
    2:33:31 And I was like, “Okay.”
    2:33:32 And he’s like, “Where are you staying?”
    2:33:33 And I said, “I don’t know.
    2:33:34 I haven’t decided yet.”
    2:33:35 And he’s like, “What do you mean?”
    2:33:36 I was like, “That’s my car.
    2:33:38 I just drove here and all my stuff’s in there.”
    2:33:40 And he’s like, “Do you have nowhere to go?”
    2:33:41 I was like, “Figured out.
    2:33:42 I just figured out when I got here.”
    2:33:45 And so he offered me to stay at his house that night, which is unbelievably generous
    2:33:49 and maybe my salesmanship got him who knows.
    2:33:54 But within a few weeks, he had a meetup of all the gyms that were following his little
    2:33:58 system for how he ran his personal training studio and bootcamp.
    2:34:04 And I got to go as a 22-year-old and I paid to have access to this community of gym owners.
    2:34:08 And they were all going around talking about what was going good and what was going wrong
    2:34:10 in the business.
    2:34:13 And when it got to me, I was like, “Well, okay, so I want to open a location and this
    2:34:16 is kind of what I was thinking about my model and this is what I was thinking about price
    2:34:17 points.”
    2:34:18 And they were like, “Wrong.
    2:34:19 Wrong.
    2:34:20 Here’s why.
    2:34:21 That’s not going to work.
    2:34:22 Here’s why.
    2:34:23 That’s not going to work.”
    2:34:24 And I was like, “Oh, okay.
    2:34:25 Well, this is where I was going to buy equipment.”
    2:34:26 They’re like, “Don’t buy there.
    2:34:27 That’s retail.
    2:34:28 You can get it from second hand over here and it’s literally a tenth of the price.”
    2:34:29 And I was like, “Oh, that’s awesome.
    2:34:30 Okay, great.”
    2:34:32 I was like, “Well, I was thinking about getting this type of thing.”
    2:34:33 They were like, “No.
    2:34:34 Girls will eat shit on that and they’ll fall.
    2:34:35 I’ve had two girls do it.
    2:34:36 Don’t worry about it.
    2:34:38 You’re not going to use it.”
    2:34:39 But you can get sandbags.
    2:34:41 You can use them all the time and they’re super cheap and if you have to replace them,
    2:34:42 you can.
    2:34:43 But you can use them for hundreds of exercises.
    2:34:44 And I was like, “Great.
    2:34:45 I’ll do that.”
    2:34:46 And then I was like, “Okay.”
    2:34:48 So I was thinking about this kind of square footage for my facility.
    2:34:49 They’re like, “Dude, you don’t need all that.
    2:34:51 You can cut that in half.”
    2:34:52 And I was like, “Okay.
    2:34:53 Got that in the app.”
    2:34:55 And I was like, “I’m willing to pay two bucks a foot?”
    2:34:56 And they were like, “No.
    2:35:01 I’m going to go over 150.”
    2:35:06 I got to take all of the knowledge of all of these guys of the mistakes that they’d
    2:35:12 all made with their gyms and I started my first gym just on their backs.
    2:35:15 And so how much was that worth to me?
    2:35:16 Years.
    2:35:23 And so for me, I have always been willing to pay in whatever currency was required to
    2:35:25 get knowledge that I don’t know.
    2:35:27 Can you get that now for free?
    2:35:28 Yes.
    2:35:29 It didn’t exist then.
    2:35:30 YouTube wasn’t even a thing.
    2:35:31 Instagram had just come out.
    2:35:33 For context, for everybody who’s listening to this.
    2:35:35 I think about this equation a lot.
    2:35:38 And I actually had some video of somebody shitting on me for this, but I’m going to say it anyways
    2:35:40 because there’s the 20% that I’m going to say it.
    2:35:42 I’m not going to dilute myself.
    2:35:50 So I saw a salesman say this at a conference and he wrote $1 million on a whiteboard.
    2:35:53 And he called up a lady in the audience and he said, “How much do you make?”
    2:35:54 And she said, “$50,000 a year.”
    2:35:59 So she wrote $50,000 underneath a million and then he subtracted it and it said $950,000.
    2:36:03 He said, “It costs you $950,000 every single year.
    2:36:05 You don’t know how to make a million dollars a year.”
    2:36:09 And so the question is, what is the value of that skill?
    2:36:12 And the answer is the difference.
    2:36:18 And so the troll who responded to this originally was like, “Well, you can keep going.
    2:36:21 What about $100 million a year or $1 billion a year?”
    2:36:23 And I was like, “Yes, yes.
    2:36:27 If you had the skill of making a billion dollars a year, then the difference between $50,000
    2:36:31 and a billion is the delta of the value of that skill.”
    2:36:33 And it’s really not one skill.
    2:36:37 It’s many skills that ladder up to when combined together to create that kind of value.
    2:36:43 But I remember that being seared into my memory, which is like whatever I want to have, the
    2:36:47 delta between where I’m at and where that thing is, is what basically what I’m willing
    2:36:52 to sacrifice in order to learn what I need to learn to get there.
    2:36:59 And I think that if people appraised that delta, not by the money in their wallet or
    2:37:02 the time that they currently have, but how much they would be making or how much time
    2:37:06 they would have and how much that’s worth to them, then I think far more people would
    2:37:09 be willing to invest in their education.
    2:37:11 And it’s such a taboo word because people hate the word education.
    2:37:16 It’s like, “Oh, it’s like work, but you want to be an entrepreneur or you got to learn.”
    2:37:18 There’s so much stuff to learn.
    2:37:19 Parrots versus practitioners.
    2:37:23 This is an idea that I’ve thought about a lot of the years because I look at someone
    2:37:30 like you and I can tell based on everything you say today that you are a practitioner.
    2:37:34 In this analogy, what I call a parrot is someone who hears what Alex said and then starts saying
    2:37:40 it, but your lessons and wisdom have come from going through that shit and being able
    2:37:44 to distill the essence like Richard Freiman and then share it.
    2:37:48 There is a group of people that just spend their whole life reading books, posting about
    2:37:49 it, et cetera.
    2:37:51 They never take the jump.
    2:37:55 Parrots versus practitioners is the best way to learn being a practitioner.
    2:37:59 This is widely known in the education space, but not as much in the content world, but
    2:38:01 there are two types of education.
    2:38:03 There is procedural and there is declarative.
    2:38:06 So declarative knowledge is knowing about something.
    2:38:07 Procedural knowledge is knowing how to do something.
    2:38:13 So a simple example would be, “Okay, I understand how private equity works.”
    2:38:14 You can talk about it.
    2:38:17 You can explain how, “Okay, they take some debt and then they have this arbitrage and
    2:38:22 they get this enterprise value multiple,” whatever, but you’ve never done a deal.
    2:38:25 And until you’ve done a deal, you will not have procedural knowledge of knowing how to
    2:38:26 actually do a deal.
    2:38:31 And so you can read a hundred books on sales, but you will learn more about actually selling
    2:38:33 from your first hundred sales calls.
    2:38:35 And business is the same.
    2:38:36 Yes.
    2:38:39 And so the idea, in my opinion, for most people is that if you want to rapidly learn, you
    2:38:43 want to rapidly do those hundred repetitions as fast as you can, so that you can suck a
    2:38:48 hundred times in a row and find the ten that sucked the least and then say, “How do I suck
    2:38:50 least on the next hundred?”
    2:38:53 And you keep doing that so many times until eventually you suck so little that you’re
    2:38:55 actually good.
    2:38:56 Hard work.
    2:38:57 Yes.
    2:39:00 And I think this is actually really interesting because it ladders up to, because there’s
    2:39:01 two types of craters.
    2:39:04 You’ve got entertainers and then you have educators, at least that’s how I separate it.
    2:39:07 The point of entertainment is to maintain the attention of the audience.
    2:39:08 That is it.
    2:39:12 The point of an entertainer is to literally just keep people watching.
    2:39:15 The point of an educator is to change someone’s behavior.
    2:39:25 And so if you want content to do well in either of these buckets, fundamentally, at
    2:39:29 least in the education space, you are selling time.
    2:39:35 So education is, I spend all this time doing this thing to learn these four things that
    2:39:39 I can give to you so that you don’t have to spend this time learning it.
    2:39:43 And so education is actually, said differently, what you do is you buy time.
    2:39:48 So when you buy, it’s the only thing, it’s the only way to actually buy time today.
    2:39:52 So if you want to basically time warp into your future, you have to buy education so
    2:39:57 that you can buy all of the life experiences from all these people and then not pay for
    2:39:58 it in your life.
    2:40:03 You pay for it with less time by consuming what they have or some money or some combination
    2:40:04 of those things.
    2:40:08 And fundamentally, we usually pay with the currency that we value least.
    2:40:13 And so interestingly, a rich person values their time more than their money, and so they’re
    2:40:16 willing to pay with money to get time back.
    2:40:19 A poor person will also pay for their time and drive around to 10 different gas stations
    2:40:23 to find the one thing that’s 10 cents cheaper or drive to 10 different grocery stores to
    2:40:28 use whatever coupons they’re valuing their time over their money in that instance.
    2:40:33 And so back to the educator.
    2:40:38 If you want to be certain or have confidence in any endeavor, you have to do so much volume
    2:40:42 of activity that it would be unreasonable that you would suck.
    2:40:46 And if you were to write out the equation of like, okay, how many public speeches would
    2:40:49 I need to give for it to be unreasonable that I would suck?
    2:40:50 Is it 10?
    2:40:51 Is it 100?
    2:40:53 Is it a thousand?
    2:40:57 Write the number that you’re like, there’s no way that I would suck after this money.
    2:41:01 And then all of your effort gets really narrowed commitment, elimination alternatives, focus,
    2:41:04 turn down quality and quality of other things to just doing that.
    2:41:09 And then, and the key part of this is not just to do the thousand, but after every 10
    2:41:13 or every 20, looking at the top 10 or 20%, it’s saying, what did I do well there?
    2:41:14 And that because you have to have the feedback loop.
    2:41:17 Otherwise, it’s not just doing 100 reachouts, you have to do 100 reachouts and then look
    2:41:20 at what worked and then do more of what worked.
    2:41:27 And so for the parent versus the practitioner, a component of this, even if you’re starting
    2:41:33 out, you can have confidence in what you’re doing because you derived the solution.
    2:41:36 And you can actually answer why you do something.
    2:41:41 So if you cannot explain why you believe what you believe, it’s not your belief.
    2:41:44 It’s someone else’s.
    2:41:48 And so most people, I would say, parent the vast majority of the things that they say,
    2:41:50 because and to be fair, that’s how humans learn.
    2:41:51 You’re five years old.
    2:41:52 You say, what’s that?
    2:41:55 They say, bowl and you say, bowl, you paired it back and there we go.
    2:42:01 But when it comes to skills, you can describe what other people have said before.
    2:42:06 But if something goes wrong or what about this condition, you won’t know what to do.
    2:42:10 But if you derived it from the ground up and there’s a great portion of this in the Y Combinator
    2:42:13 community that you, or the Silicon Valley community that you probably heard of, maybe
    2:42:17 like three or four months ago, it was like founder mode, did that get to the UK?
    2:42:20 It was from Brian Chesky actually a message to him about it after.
    2:42:21 Oh yeah.
    2:42:22 It was like, it was, it was awesome, right?
    2:42:27 And so basically the tenant is that the founder always has special powers in the company because
    2:42:29 you know what built it.
    2:42:33 And so that is basically at its core, the practitioner versus parent.
    2:42:38 The people who came later are parroting why you do what you do, but you know what conditions
    2:42:40 you were in when you made this rule.
    2:42:45 And also, you know how to break it and when to bend those rules.
    2:42:49 And so if you build something, when you built it from those repetitions to distill out the
    2:42:53 few truths that exist, you’ll know why those are the truths.
    2:42:54 Like I’ll give you a really simple example.
    2:42:58 So if we, you know, we’ve tried to learn YouTube and we’ve gotten better over time.
    2:43:02 But in the beginning, I did this massive review and I figured out that the videos that
    2:43:07 we had that had three things at the beginning, proof promise plan was the videos that did
    2:43:08 the best.
    2:43:11 And so then all of a sudden we said, okay, all videos have to have proof promise plan
    2:43:13 right at the beginning, the first 30 seconds, great.
    2:43:14 So we started doing that for a while.
    2:43:18 And then we looked at the outliers among those and we’re like, oh, well, we also, and some
    2:43:22 of the ones that did really well, also had some sort of visual picture of, of this plan.
    2:43:23 All right.
    2:43:26 So it became proof promise plan picture.
    2:43:31 Then we kept looking and we found out over more repetitions that if we also include some
    2:43:34 sort of pain or problem that’s being solved, that also up.
    2:43:37 So proof promise plan picture pain.
    2:43:40 And so you’re like, wait, if you keep adding to this thing, it’s going to get really long.
    2:43:44 No, sometimes you can check multiple boxes with one thing and this becomes the elegance
    2:43:45 of creation.
    2:43:49 Like how can I, how can I check off three of these boxes with one sentence, right?
    2:43:52 And so that is, by the way, if you’re like thinking about this, you’re like, do they really
    2:43:54 think about this when they’re making videos?
    2:43:55 Yes.
    2:43:58 And that is the difference between a 10,000 view video and a million view video.
    2:44:02 And it’s, it’s understanding that level of nuance across the entire thing that creates
    2:44:03 expertise.
    2:44:07 And also when you’re like, oh, this video flopped when you’re beginning, you’re like,
    2:44:10 these videos in general don’t work or content doesn’t work, rather than saying this video
    2:44:11 didn’t work.
    2:44:16 And here’s why, because we did three of the five.
    2:44:20 And so it’s like all of the, I mean, the devil is in the details and you only, you only,
    2:44:23 you meet the devil himself by doing the unreasonable amount of work.
    2:44:29 And then it becomes, it goes from uninformed lack of knowledge to informed optimism, because
    2:44:32 first you’re like, I can make videos and get rich.
    2:44:34 Then you realize that it’s really hard to make videos that people watch.
    2:44:38 And then finally, you start to develop a framework of this is how I make videos that people watch.
    2:44:41 And when they don’t watch it, it’s because I didn’t follow it.
    2:44:44 It’s so timely because it weaves into something you said earlier, because my girlfriend came
    2:44:46 to the recording yesterday.
    2:44:48 And as I went into the green room and I sat down and she went, babe, look, I found this
    2:44:49 new app.
    2:44:50 And I said, what is it?
    2:44:53 She goes, it’s an app that summarizes books.
    2:44:55 And she, it’s called like head something.
    2:44:56 And she showed me it.
    2:44:57 And I go, look at my book.
    2:44:58 Yeah.
    2:44:59 Cause I know the laws.
    2:45:00 I know the chapters.
    2:45:01 I know all of the principles that lead up to the point.
    2:45:07 So show me my book and law two of my book is called 33 Laws, 33 Laws.
    2:45:10 And law two was about the Richard Fryman technique you talked about.
    2:45:15 And I explained why that process of learning something, simplifying it to assesses essence
    2:45:19 for a 10 year old, teaching it to someone else, if they understand it, move on, if they
    2:45:21 don’t go back to the top and learn again.
    2:45:26 And it summarized law two of my book, um, um, like writing is the best way to learn.
    2:45:27 Yeah.
    2:45:31 And I said, babe, if you, I said, if you just read that, that summary, the top of the pyramid,
    2:45:35 and you don’t have the story and all these agreeable foundations, which I then explained
    2:45:39 to her, would you be able to then translate that and truly understand the nature of the
    2:45:43 problem so that you could apply it to lots of different settings and so on.
    2:45:45 And then I told her what that, that second law of my book actually meant.
    2:45:49 And she deleted the app because there’s no point knowing the, the conclusion.
    2:45:50 The aphorism.
    2:45:51 Yeah.
    2:45:52 Like they’re like the punchline.
    2:45:53 Yeah.
    2:45:54 When you don’t know the story.
    2:45:58 Um, and without the story, you can’t, I guess, get, get to the first principles of the thing.
    2:46:03 So this is really interesting because, um, with that Feynman example, it, it proves that
    2:46:06 the distillation of knowledge is not bi-directional.
    2:46:11 So you, Richard Feynman can break it down to a child, but a child cannot then re-derive
    2:46:13 what Feynman has done.
    2:46:14 Interesting.
    2:46:15 Yeah.
    2:46:19 And so it’s, it’s convenient for the transmission of communication and for teaching someone who’s
    2:46:22 let’s say coming new to an organization.
    2:46:25 Here’s the, here are the things and these give you the decision-making frameworks around
    2:46:30 which, and it can give you directional, um, uh, guidance, but that is the whole founder
    2:46:31 mode.
    2:46:34 That is basically a different way of getting to the founder mode idea.
    2:46:36 That person derived this thing.
    2:46:42 And so when a problem arises, we can re-derive the next solution rather than trying to apply
    2:46:44 the aphorism to a new setting.
    2:46:49 Another point for founders who are getting their work copied because this, everything
    2:46:52 you’ve just said actually should give a founder who’s having their work copied, their t-shirt
    2:46:55 designs, their content copied huge amount of piece.
    2:47:00 Because if I need to know steps one, two, three, four, five up the staircase to success
    2:47:06 to be able to predict step six, then if someone’s just copying your step five, you should be
    2:47:12 a total piece because they don’t know the foundations that would lead to the next step.
    2:47:13 And that’s what we see as podcasters.
    2:47:15 Podcasters copy you, they’ll copy your thumbnail, your title, your whatever.
    2:47:17 Dude, I mean, I’m sure you, you see it everywhere.
    2:47:18 Yeah.
    2:47:23 The piece that I have is, honestly, I say to the team all the time, if that’s the thing
    2:47:24 that makes us special, we’re fucked anyway.
    2:47:29 Like if it’s the thumbnail or the this or the how we do this, if it’s the trailer that
    2:47:31 made us special, we’re fucked anyway.
    2:47:37 But also there’s a set of principles we call it the iceberg, the 99% of what we do, you
    2:47:38 can’t see.
    2:47:40 It’s the culture, as you said.
    2:47:42 It’s like, I have so much on this.
    2:47:47 So what is, right when I sat down, you were telling me about the episode that we ran that
    2:47:50 was like akin to a shark tank, but new version that we had on our channel.
    2:47:56 And as you saw me like kind of like grown and be like, it was 56 minutes on video, but
    2:48:00 it was so much work to produce that one thing, but no one sees all the work behind.
    2:48:01 That’s the 99%.
    2:48:06 So let’s think one, the next thing is think about the, if you’re a founder who’s plagued
    2:48:10 with competition and being upset about it, I was one too.
    2:48:12 And I want to tell you how I got over it.
    2:48:16 So number one is think about the alternative, which is that no one copies you because no
    2:48:18 one cares about what you’re doing.
    2:48:21 Well then it would be a requisite for success that people copy you.
    2:48:25 So as long as you are successful, this is just a part of business.
    2:48:33 The second piece is by definition, if someone copies you, they are second, period.
    2:48:37 And so if you want to lead, you can’t look at anyone else.
    2:48:42 You have to consistently be deriving the next step, the step six that’s unseen from
    2:48:48 your first five steps to innovate rather than I’m just going to parrot the next thing.
    2:48:51 And as soon as you find yourself copying, you have admitted defeat.
    2:48:54 You’ve admitted that you were no longer the leader and that you were just following in
    2:48:58 someone else’s footsteps and you’re giving them the baton and saying, you be the champion.
    2:49:01 I’m happy with second, third, fifth place.
    2:49:07 And in a winner take all world like attention is all the fruits go to the first place anyways.
    2:49:08 Amen.
    2:49:09 Amen.
    2:49:10 I have nothing more to add.
    2:49:14 So the last thing I want to talk to you about is it’s really like a three part thing.
    2:49:15 It’s hard work, love and happiness.
    2:49:16 Okay.
    2:49:18 And I put them together intentionally.
    2:49:21 One could say work life balance, love, happiness.
    2:49:25 I think these things are kind of fundamentally intertwined, but how do you think about it?
    2:49:31 You’re someone that’s known as being very obsessive, very into your work to say the
    2:49:32 least.
    2:49:34 You have a wonderful partner who seems to be aligned.
    2:49:35 Oh, super.
    2:49:36 Okay, good.
    2:49:37 She’s hardcore.
    2:49:38 So let’s go through it.
    2:49:42 Work life balance slash hard work, love and happiness.
    2:49:43 Okay.
    2:49:47 If we start with work life balance, it was that shit question.
    2:49:48 Beliefs on it?
    2:49:49 Yeah.
    2:49:57 So I will answer with how I derived my kind of life thesis, which was after we, so when
    2:50:02 we went to, so we had taken about $40 million in distributions from Jim launch personally
    2:50:05 throughout the, you know, years that we ran the company.
    2:50:09 And then in the year of the sale, for those of you who’ve never sold a company before,
    2:50:10 you typically don’t want to change a lot of things.
    2:50:15 You kind of want the company to just be like, be stable, keep working, everything’s fine.
    2:50:21 And so it’s one of the most harrowing experiences to go through because you can’t really change
    2:50:22 anything.
    2:50:23 And if you’re the founder, you’re always trying to innovate.
    2:50:26 So you can’t do what you’re normally doing.
    2:50:31 And you also can’t start the next, so you can’t change current and you can’t start new.
    2:50:34 Because if the deal doesn’t go through, then you don’t want to start two businesses.
    2:50:36 Remember, because we’re, you know, Cardinal rule number one, we’re not chasing chasing
    2:50:38 women in the red dress.
    2:50:42 And so you basically have to sit idly by and just like, let things operate.
    2:50:45 And so in that year, it was one of the most miserable years of my life because I basically
    2:50:47 had nothing to do.
    2:50:53 And when I looked back on my life, this sounds like, you know, I looked back on my life as
    2:50:58 though it’s been so long, I looked at the days that I enjoyed the most.
    2:51:05 And on those days, I had worked out and I had produced something and I had done both of
    2:51:08 those with people I liked.
    2:51:14 And almost all of those days, I’d worked many, many hours.
    2:51:24 And when I realized that the idea of working hard so that I can insert blank, the so that
    2:51:29 actually makes it still destination driven.
    2:51:33 So that was when I derived what I called hard work is the goal.
    2:51:36 It’s just to work hard.
    2:51:37 That is my goal.
    2:51:42 And then die on things worth doing.
    2:51:46 And I, those are the days that I love.
    2:51:49 And I get a tremendous amount of pushback for saying this.
    2:51:52 And it bothers a lot of people.
    2:51:55 And to them, I say, leave your life whatever you want.
    2:51:58 This is again, my life is not a sermon.
    2:51:59 It’s a documentary.
    2:52:01 This is just how I do it.
    2:52:02 You can do whatever you want.
    2:52:04 And for the people who are dissatisfied, try it.
    2:52:06 And if not, no worries.
    2:52:12 I really enjoy working like the best days are like when I write those books, it’s the happiest
    2:52:14 I am.
    2:52:17 And it’s not happy in the moment because it’s really hard.
    2:52:21 But the amount of challenge is about proportional to my level of skill.
    2:52:23 And every book I think is better than the last.
    2:52:27 And the third book that’s coming out is going to be fucking awesome.
    2:52:28 I’m very excited about it.
    2:52:30 But there’s nothing that I enjoy more.
    2:52:32 But in the moment, I’m like, how do I break this down?
    2:52:36 And I’m just rubbing my forehead and I’m like, and then I, and I create two, three different
    2:52:37 frameworks.
    2:52:39 I’m like, nope, that’s that doesn’t work here and that doesn’t work here, which means some
    2:52:43 kid in Afghanistan is going to get stuck on this step because it doesn’t work.
    2:52:46 I have to figure out how to get it so that it works everywhere.
    2:52:47 And I keep deriving.
    2:52:49 But the moment it’s like, it clicks, I’m like, that’s it.
    2:52:50 Fight me.
    2:52:52 That’s the framework.
    2:52:54 That is what I, what I strive for.
    2:53:00 And for me, the love, the happiness and work have all, because of the nature of my life,
    2:53:01 been one.
    2:53:05 Now, some people have lived their lives where their love life and their happiness and their
    2:53:08 work are all separate.
    2:53:10 For me, it has just been life.
    2:53:12 And I like it that way.
    2:53:17 And for the people who are upset by that, I’m not upset about how you live your life.
    2:53:18 I just choose to live it this way.
    2:53:24 And if in the future, I change my mind, I’ll change my life.
    2:53:27 If I get to a point where I’m like, this is no longer a priority for me, something else
    2:53:28 is, then I will.
    2:53:32 But when I look at the centenarians and I look at the people who, I look at Warren Buffett
    2:53:37 as somebody and Charlie Munger as two of my heroes, Charlie worked until the day he died.
    2:53:41 And to be clear, I don’t work on a seven day calendar.
    2:53:43 I don’t work a certain hour.
    2:53:47 I work as much as I can until I feel like my rate of output drops precipitously because
    2:53:48 of fatigue.
    2:53:49 And then I sleep.
    2:53:53 And then if I feel like on a longer time horizon of like, I’ve worked nine days, I’ve worked
    2:53:56 20 days, I’ve worked 30 days in a row and I’m like, all right, I feel like I don’t have
    2:53:57 any gas today.
    2:53:59 Then I’ll take the whole day off.
    2:54:02 And whether that’s a Tuesday or a Sunday or a Saturday, I take the day off and that just
    2:54:03 is what it is.
    2:54:07 And I’ve just, I have learned to work that way and I am okay with it.
    2:54:12 The goal clearly for you then is the hard work itself and not a certain place you’re
    2:54:13 trying to get to necessarily.
    2:54:15 Because that always moves.
    2:54:21 And so Jesse Itzler has this and maybe I’ll be able to steal it from him someday.
    2:54:27 But he told, I saw him show a picture of his kid finishing a race and putting a zero up.
    2:54:31 And what that signified was nothing left in the tank that he’d spent everything you had
    2:54:33 on the field.
    2:54:40 And I would, and it’s like, I have this visual of the 300 movie where the queen says to the
    2:54:44 king as he goes off the battle, she says, come back with your shield or on it.
    2:54:48 And I kind of see like my work that way.
    2:54:52 Like I can’t imagine a better way to go out than like doing the thing I love.
    2:54:56 And it bothers a lot of people that I love something different than they love.
    2:55:03 And it’s like, it really, it really bothers me that it bothers them, to be honest.
    2:55:07 Because I make no projections, like do whatever you want.
    2:55:14 And I feel like if I ever had a like one thing that people took for me, it was like absolute
    2:55:16 freedom.
    2:55:20 And because of that absolute freedom, we are 100% responsible for our own lives.
    2:55:24 And so where we place the finger of blame is also where power flows.
    2:55:27 So if you blame your parents for your life, your parents have power of your life.
    2:55:30 If you blame your boss for your bad life, your boss has power of your life.
    2:55:33 If you blame you for your bad life, at least you can change you and you can do something
    2:55:34 about it.
    2:55:39 And so I think absolute responsibility has been my core tenant.
    2:55:43 And if you have a life where you’re like, I don’t want to care about work that much.
    2:55:44 And I just want to spend all my time with my family.
    2:55:49 I’m like, congratulations, you fucking one, that’s amazing.
    2:55:51 Just don’t assume that everyone’s you.
    2:55:58 And that what winning for me is the same as winning for you.
    2:56:04 And I think the times that I talk about this, I know that my message won’t resonate with
    2:56:05 everyone.
    2:56:06 And that’s okay.
    2:56:10 But it’s for the few people who were like me and felt like everyone told them there was
    2:56:11 something wrong with them.
    2:56:14 And I still get people to tell me there’s something wrong with me.
    2:56:17 And if wrong means not normal, then yeah, you bet.
    2:56:22 But it’s more so that like you are different and that’s okay.
    2:56:28 And I think that if you’re okay with that, then it unleashes this whole new realm of possibility
    2:56:30 of being able to do what you want.
    2:56:34 And kind of like I had the, you know, you do 100 of these and you look at the top 10%
    2:56:37 and do 100 of these, look at the top 10%.
    2:56:41 That was my way of trying to operationalize happiness because it was this ephemeral thing
    2:56:47 that when I was 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, I struggled a ton with, I was very depressed.
    2:56:51 I looked at, you know, religion, I looked at a lot of different things.
    2:56:53 And this is common for people at that age.
    2:57:00 And I came up with a mantra for me at that time, which was fuck happiness.
    2:57:03 Now people will then hear this and I’m sure this will get taken out of context.
    2:57:10 But that was basically like this release moment for me where by continually chasing happiness,
    2:57:12 it always existed outside of me.
    2:57:15 And so it was always this carrot that was in front of me that I could never really get
    2:57:16 to.
    2:57:22 And so by saying fuck happiness, I was like, it’s unattainable.
    2:57:26 I’m just going to work and I’m just going to do the stuff I want to do.
    2:57:30 And when I started doing the stuff that I wanted to do, I looked up years later and I was like,
    2:57:32 I actually kind of like my life.
    2:57:34 And I was like, is this what happiness is?
    2:57:36 And I was like, I don’t know.
    2:57:42 But I think one of the major plights of humanity, myself included, is the expectation that life
    2:57:44 should be different than it is.
    2:57:52 And so we create this idea that whatever we have right now is not what it should be.
    2:57:58 And I think should is the root of all pain is that all the things that we think should
    2:58:03 happen but aren’t is basically the measurement of our pain.
    2:58:06 And so I’ve tried to eradicate should for my life, should for other people.
    2:58:07 She should do this.
    2:58:09 They should do that.
    2:58:12 And just lean into is.
    2:58:14 It just is this way.
    2:58:15 I work period.
    2:58:16 Not I should work more.
    2:58:17 I should work less.
    2:58:18 I should work differently.
    2:58:19 I should see my mom more.
    2:58:20 I should call my dad more.
    2:58:21 I do this.
    2:58:23 And if something changes, I will change.
    2:58:25 And so unconditional shoulds.
    2:58:29 Now if there is a condition of like, if you want to make more money, then this is a higher
    2:58:32 likelihood you might want to consider doing this.
    2:58:34 Those are things that I don’t consider in that category.
    2:58:38 But just the generalized shoulds of he shouldn’t do that.
    2:58:40 He should he should build a family.
    2:58:41 He should have kids.
    2:58:43 He should have gotten married earlier.
    2:58:44 He should have gotten later.
    2:58:45 He should have married someone different.
    2:58:47 He shouldn’t have the life that he has.
    2:58:51 He shouldn’t work this way according to what.
    2:58:59 And so for me, that is my theory on life, on happiness, work and love has been very unified.
    2:59:07 Because I love my work so much that I got out of a relationship.
    2:59:12 And when I, you know, started dating Layla, I said, I am not willing to change this.
    2:59:18 And so you have to be willing to deal with me working this way or this won’t work.
    2:59:23 Because my relationship with my work is the most satisfying relationship I have.
    2:59:26 Now people will hear that and be like, well, that’s because he’s never experienced true
    2:59:30 love or whatever, whatever, whatever narrative they’ll, they’ll say, but it’s like you haven’t
    2:59:34 lived my life and I haven’t lived yours and I don’t project anything onto you.
    2:59:37 But I, I like, I like, I love what I do.
    2:59:40 And I like, I get attacked for liking what I do so much.
    2:59:44 And I like working a lot and, and it’s because they have negative associations with the word
    2:59:49 and that’s, that’s their own history of, of, of their experience with the word.
    2:59:54 But I see my goals and my relationship with my goals as one of the most sacred things
    2:59:57 that I have because I see them as a relationship with myself.
    3:00:04 And so those, those proxy when someone comes in and says, Hey, you know, sweetie, you’ve
    3:00:08 been working too much according to what, why should I stop?
    3:00:09 Right.
    3:00:13 Um, now let’s do this other thing and people will probably see this as a, they’ll put whatever
    3:00:17 labels they want on it, but like, I just said, this is what I would like to do with my life.
    3:00:20 And if you can incorporate yourself into that, that would be amazing.
    3:00:24 And so my second date with Layla, after we talked about business for four hours on our
    3:00:29 first date was, I said, I’m going to be working all day, it’d be cool if you worked with me.
    3:00:30 And she just worked next to me.
    3:00:35 She had her own thing, but she just worked beside me and I was like, this is nice.
    3:00:39 And over time, eventually it was like, Hey, maybe you want to work on my thing with me.
    3:00:41 And she was like, yeah, that sounds good.
    3:00:42 It was a little bit more than that.
    3:00:46 But like fundamentally, I got her to switch, switch to working on it with me.
    3:00:50 And at that point, what we got to talk about was what we were creating together.
    3:00:54 And to me, that’s been, you know, the journey of my life and it’s been, it’s been amazing.
    3:00:56 And I’m not saying it works for everyone.
    3:00:59 I would say it’s probably doesn’t work for most people, but it has worked really well
    3:01:00 for me.
    3:01:04 And it would make sense for me that my path would be different than most people’s because
    3:01:05 I don’t behave like most people.
    3:01:11 And so I would have to have a different formula for how I drive, you know, meaning or joy
    3:01:12 from my own life.
    3:01:18 And since I don’t believe in inherent meaning, just the meaning that we choose to ascribe
    3:01:23 to things, then it’s up to me to create that meaning within the work that I do.
    3:01:27 And so the reason acquisition.com was all based on, and it was during that year where
    3:01:29 I just basically had nothing to do where I was like, what do I want to do with my life?
    3:01:31 Because I don’t need to work anymore.
    3:01:33 And that was, you know, we’d taken 40 up before the sale.
    3:01:34 And then we obviously got the sale.
    3:01:36 So like, I don’t need to work.
    3:01:38 I like to work.
    3:01:43 And I try to spend, I look at, you know, I had this boss that told me this and was one
    3:01:46 of the, one of the catalysts for looking at life this way.
    3:01:50 She said, I had just had like a good weekend or something and I came in like chipper.
    3:01:52 And she said, well, you must have had a good weekend.
    3:01:55 And I was like, yeah, it was, it was good.
    3:01:57 And she said this was like an offhanded comment.
    3:02:01 She said, I’m pretty sure the key to happiness is living as many days in a row like that
    3:02:03 as you can.
    3:02:06 And it was actually like really operational, like I could, I was like, I can use this,
    3:02:08 like, what are the good days?
    3:02:10 How do I live as many of those days in a row as I can.
    3:02:13 And so I’ve, you know, I’ve been attacked for like saying that I don’t really enjoy
    3:02:15 going on vacation very much.
    3:02:18 And it’s because like, I just want to get, I just want to get back to doing the thing
    3:02:20 that I really enjoy doing.
    3:02:24 And I remember we, Laila and I went to Mexico this year for a week.
    3:02:27 And it’s always during the week of Christmas, because no one works and it drives me nuts.
    3:02:31 And I’ve just like, I’ve just given up trying to get, you know, to get everyone to work.
    3:02:34 Because even if my team will work, because my team will, because they’re crazy too, other
    3:02:35 teams won.
    3:02:37 They want to suspend anyway.
    3:02:41 And so while we were there, all I came out with was like, this is for other people and
    3:02:45 not me, comma, and that’s okay.
    3:02:46 Early on when we were talking about-
    3:02:47 So that was the long run?
    3:02:48 No.
    3:02:49 It was beautiful.
    3:02:52 Because it, so a couple of takeaways from it, but earlier on we were talking about being
    3:02:57 a great content creator is a byproduct of having the courage to be yourself.
    3:02:59 And from that, everything you just said-
    3:03:00 I saw the look we-
    3:03:01 Yeah.
    3:03:08 Everything similar, which is being happy requires the same thing, which is the courage
    3:03:09 to be yourself.
    3:03:14 And in both, in the previous analogy you said, everybody is unique and that is their value
    3:03:18 as it relates to showing up in marketing or with whatever product they have.
    3:03:22 But also, when I think about Alex’s story, your story, and all you went through with
    3:03:26 your father and the early experiences and that consultancy firm, the gym, the fur place
    3:03:31 you worked, logically, from first principles, the thing that’s going to make you happy-
    3:03:32 Right.
    3:03:36 Because you are completely unique, is going to be completely different from everybody
    3:03:37 else.
    3:03:38 Right.
    3:03:42 Like, to varying degrees, depending on how you sort of defining your early experiences
    3:03:46 are, but I actually think we talked about the courage of being yourself.
    3:03:48 There’s also the courage of being happy.
    3:03:54 And with the courage of being happy, you have to withstand public pressure, the shoulds you
    3:03:59 said from your parents, whatever, from social media, especially as you become a bigger creator,
    3:04:01 to actually just listen to how you feel every day.
    3:04:06 Can I throw something out that I think might, like, so this blew my mind.
    3:04:10 So I was in around that same period of time, because I talked to everybody I could to try
    3:04:11 and get context on this.
    3:04:15 And so I called a friend of mine up, or not friend, I would say a acquaintance that I
    3:04:19 got connected with who had sold his company for hundreds of millions of dollars, really
    3:04:21 bright guy.
    3:04:28 And one of the questions I asked him, I said, “So how do you drive meaning from your life?”
    3:04:34 And he said, an answer that really, really shook me, which doesn’t happen that much
    3:04:35 given my worldview.
    3:04:38 He said, “Why do you think that life needs to be meaningful?”
    3:04:43 And it was just this really interesting question, which is basically that I had an unspoken
    3:04:44 demand of the universe.
    3:04:46 Life should be meaningful.
    3:04:48 I should be happy.
    3:04:51 And so it’s the shoulds that we don’t even know that we think and say that are the ones
    3:04:54 that change us the most, like, hardcore.
    3:04:59 And so my favorite quote of all time, which is probably at the front of a few of the books
    3:05:02 that I have, and will probably be the one that’ll be on my tombstone, is a permutation
    3:05:07 of an Orson Scott card quote, which is, “We question all of our beliefs, except for those
    3:05:10 that we truly believe and those we never think to question.”
    3:05:14 And so I would say that a lot of my entrepreneurial career, even just human journey, has been,
    3:05:20 what are the beliefs that I so, so inherently believe that I don’t even see them?
    3:05:22 I don’t even think about the should.
    3:05:27 And so when he said that to me, I was like, “Whoa, I have had this inherent demand of
    3:05:31 the universe that my life be meaningful.”
    3:05:34 And now people would hear this and be like, “They have their shoulds, and they’re going
    3:05:35 to say, ‘Well, it should be meaningful.’”
    3:05:37 And I’m like, “Why?
    3:05:38 According to what?”
    3:05:44 And if we look at history, history pretty much sweeps everyone under the bed, like within
    3:05:45 a hundred years.
    3:05:48 And within a thousand years, basically everyone, and the people that we remember, we remember
    3:05:49 some of their works.
    3:05:54 And we go a hundred thousand years in the future, or 10,000 years in the future, probably
    3:05:56 unlikely that we will be remembered in general.
    3:06:00 And that is solving for the idea that we need to be remembered again.
    3:06:01 We have to.
    3:06:02 Why?
    3:06:09 And so my solving has been for degrees of freedom and responsibility.
    3:06:11 So what are the things that I can control?
    3:06:17 And I will do the very best of my ability to try and do the things within my control
    3:06:20 to ideally make other people’s lives better and my own in the process.
    3:06:25 Now, that is a choice rather than I demand that of the universe.
    3:06:28 And this gets really abstract and heady really fast.
    3:06:31 And so I will try and bring us back down to earth.
    3:06:38 But by demanding that life be meaningful, by demanding that I be happy, when I understood
    3:06:44 that I was demanding these things and pursuing them, that they were outside of me by saying,
    3:06:49 I need to do this, that I created inherent space that I could never gap or I could never
    3:06:50 close.
    3:06:56 And so by trying to forget or eliminate the demand is where it was the first time that
    3:06:58 I experienced those things.
    3:07:03 And so I try to keep them out of my head to the greatest degree possible so that I can
    3:07:09 be inside of them, that sounds weird, rather than in pursuit.
    3:07:16 And so the times where I derive the most joy from my life, if I’m optimizing for that,
    3:07:21 which is I wouldn’t necessarily say that I am optimizing for joy, I think Williamson
    3:07:24 was like, you definitely optimize for purpose or meaning or something like that.
    3:07:31 And I kind of reject a lot of it mostly because I do what I have been rewarded for doing in
    3:07:32 the past.
    3:07:35 And so because I have a behaviorist view of the world, which is that everything boils
    3:07:39 down to behaviors, why do I do these things?
    3:07:44 I do these things because when I have done them in the past, I have enjoyed the result.
    3:07:46 And so I continue to do things that I have enjoyed the result of.
    3:07:49 And if other people have done things that they enjoy the result of, then I encourage
    3:07:50 you to keep doing them.
    3:07:54 And I also encourage you to not project that other people need to also do those things
    3:07:57 and that they will experience the same result as you because they might not.
    3:07:59 Alex, thank you.
    3:08:02 Oh, that was such a beautiful way to end.
    3:08:09 And it’s so interesting because if people attack you for that, I just wanted to give
    3:08:15 my own perspective is when I hear you say these things about not enjoying holidays and
    3:08:21 things about your relationship with Layla and how that happens, for me, I feel, even
    3:08:25 if I don’t agree with 100%, I probably get to 95% to be honest with you.
    3:08:30 The fact that you’re telling me that you’re different makes my difference, whatever it
    3:08:34 might be, feel acceptable.
    3:08:35 Do you know what I’m saying?
    3:08:37 I owe 100% to what you’re saying.
    3:08:41 Because when I heard you say these things and I go, oh my God, Alex feels like he’s different
    3:08:43 from the normal two.
    3:08:48 We might not be me and Alex aren’t the same, but we both feel inherently like we’re not
    3:08:53 playing by the rules and therefore in some way getting life wrong based on this like
    3:08:56 public narrative of the way we should live our lives.
    3:08:57 I thought, amazing.
    3:09:00 I remember watching the video where you talked about not liking going on holidays.
    3:09:06 Being like absolutely obsessed and me thinking, oh my God, I’m so glad he said that because
    3:09:11 deep in my heart somewhere, I felt a guilt, a guilt and I’m like, where did the guilt
    3:09:12 come from?
    3:09:13 Right.
    3:09:14 I’m doing it.
    3:09:15 It’s something that I love every single day, but I feel guilty.
    3:09:17 Well, I feel guilty because of other people’s shoulds, right?
    3:09:23 So please, Alex, despite any critics that might be out there, please continue to have the
    3:09:28 courage to be yourself because you have no idea how it’s making a group of weirdos that
    3:09:32 feel like they don’t fit in, feel heard and understood for their variance.
    3:09:37 Well, that is my, yeah, I mean, I make it for them.
    3:09:40 We have a closing tradition on this podcast, as you know, where the last guest leaves a
    3:09:44 question for the next guest, not knowing who they’re leaving it for.
    3:09:45 Oh God.
    3:09:46 I’m laughing because it’s so ironic.
    3:09:47 Okay.
    3:09:52 What is the meaning of life?
    3:10:05 Well, the short answer is obviously 42, but I actually do think it’s learning because
    3:10:12 if we think about what learning is, it’s that you’re exposed to new conditions that over
    3:10:14 time change your behavior.
    3:10:19 And so you are different now than you were 10 years ago because you’ve learned more things.
    3:10:26 And so if we think about the meaning of life as what is the output of life, so I actually
    3:10:27 do really like this.
    3:10:33 So people talk, I can relate this to business, of course, I can relate what’s the meaning
    3:10:37 of life to business, but what is the meaning of a business?
    3:10:44 The purpose of the business is, is whatever the output of that business is.
    3:10:45 That’s the meaning.
    3:10:48 It’s, it’s what the output of that business is.
    3:10:55 And so if the mission like with Elon is like to get to Mars, then the output of the mission
    3:10:56 is that people get to Mars.
    3:10:59 And so that’s the meaning of that business.
    3:11:05 And so the meaning of life in general for me, I think for all humans is that the output
    3:11:08 of experience is learning.
    3:11:15 And so we will learn regardless whether we want to or not, we learn.
    3:11:19 Everything happens whether you want, whether you like it or not, you will learn.
    3:11:22 And I think that that’s where I would just leave it.
    3:11:25 And the question is, are you learning the things that you want?
    3:11:27 Amen.
    3:11:30 I highly recommend people go and check out the new format you launched on your YouTube
    3:11:31 channel.
    3:11:34 It’s titled building a $1 million business for a stranger in 56 minutes.
    3:11:39 It’s kind of like a new take on Shark Tank, but it’s more actionable, more practical.
    3:11:40 It’s what you referenced earlier.
    3:11:43 And I know it took you many, many, many, many hours to perfect it, but it’s a really
    3:11:44 interesting format.
    3:11:47 And I think YouTube is seeking because it’s so actionable and practical.
    3:11:50 And I highly recommend, I’ll link that below, but I would also highly recommend people go
    3:11:51 and check out these books.
    3:11:55 I mean, they’ve been, to say they’ve been smash hits is a massive understatement.
    3:11:56 Thank you.
    3:11:58 I mean, I just see it everywhere.
    3:12:04 I feel like it’s a prerequisite of any entrepreneur’s toolkit when they’re starting and they’re
    3:12:08 trying to figure out frameworks for scaling a business, making sales, generating leads.
    3:12:12 And I know there’s another one on the way, which you won’t tell me about, but I know
    3:12:16 it’s coming this year, which is volume three of this format, and I’m exceptionally excited
    3:12:17 to see it.
    3:12:19 And for any entrepreneurs out there that are looking to get in business with you, I highly
    3:12:23 recommend they go check out acquisition.com because there’s so much there, regardless
    3:12:26 of where you are in the cycle, whether you’re starting out, whether you’re scaling up, whether
    3:12:30 you’re looking for advice, acquisition.com is the place to be.
    3:12:31 Thank you, Alex, for your generosity.
    3:12:32 I appreciate it.
    3:12:33 And thank you for all that you do.
    3:12:36 Thank you for being weird and different because like that’s, again, that’s the value.
    3:12:38 That’s all the value in the world.
    3:12:39 We don’t need more of the same.
    3:12:43 We need people that have the courage to be themselves and the courage to be happy.
    3:12:45 And that’s exactly who you are.
    3:12:46 And I really, really appreciate it.
    3:12:51 Thank you so much.
    3:12:53 Isn’t this cool?
    3:12:56 Every single conversation I have here on The Diary of a CEO, at the very end of it, you’ll
    3:13:02 know, I asked the guest to leave a question in The Diary of a CEO.
    3:13:06 And what we’ve done is we’ve turned every single question written in The Diary of a
    3:13:11 CEO into these conversation cards that you can play at home.
    3:13:15 So you’ve got every guest we’ve ever had, their question.
    3:13:22 And on the back of it, if you scan that QR code, you get to watch the person who answered
    3:13:23 that question.
    3:13:29 We’re finally revealing all of the questions and the people that answered the question.
    3:13:36 The brand new version two updated conversation cards are out right now at theconversationcards.com.
    3:13:38 They’ve sold out twice instantaneously.
    3:13:42 So if you are interested in getting hold of some limited edition conversation cards,
    3:13:44 I really, really recommend acting quickly.
    3:13:46 [MUSIC PLAYING]
    3:13:48 .
    3:14:01 The Diary of a CEO, at the very end of it, you’ll know that you’ve got every single question
    3:14:07 written in The Diary of a CEO, at the very end of it, you’ll know that you’ve got every
    3:14:11 single question written in The Diary of a CEO, at the very end of it, you’ll know that you’ve
    Nếu bạn muốn kiếm nhiều tiền hơn, bạn có thể muốn xem xét việc này.
    Vậy số một là hãy giữ suy nghĩ đó lại một chút bởi vì điều trước khi người đàn ông đến là điều này của bạn.
    Ôi trời, đây là vòng đời doanh nhân và có sáu giai đoạn.
    Bây giờ, phần lớn mọi người dừng lại ở giai đoạn ba.
    Tôi đã phạm phải một số sai lầm lớn nhất trong sự nghiệp vào thời điểm này, và bạn sẽ sống lặp đi lặp lại cùng một sáu tháng trong suốt 20 năm liền, chịu đựng cho đến khi bạn học cách thoát khỏi điều đó.
    Tôi muốn đi qua toàn bộ quang cảnh.
    Điều này sẽ thật tuyệt vời.
    Alex Hormozi là bậc thầy của chiến lược kinh doanh.
    Một nghệ sĩ trong việc mở rộng công ty lên hàng triệu và là một tiếng nói hàng đầu về cách tạo dựng thành công.
    Ông ấy là một sức mạnh khởi nghiệp.
    Cho dù bạn đang bắt đầu hay muốn chuyển từ 1 triệu đô la lên 10 triệu đô la, có những hành vi và hành động nhất định sẽ làm tăng khả năng thành công mà chúng ta sẽ khám phá.
    Nhưng đây là sự thật khó khăn mà nhiều người không thích nói đến.
    Các doanh nhân phải sẵn sàng đưa ra những lựa chọn không thể.
    Có đủ can đảm để chấp nhận sai lầm.
    Cảm thấy xấu hổ khi thất bại trước những người mà bạn rất quan tâm đến ý kiến của họ.
    Và nỗi sợ hãi đó giữ cho mọi người kẹt lại trong những công việc và cuộc sống mà họ không muốn trong nhiều năm.
    Và đó là con đường của tôi.
    Tôi có một công việc văn phòng, một căn hộ, nhìn ra thành phố, mọi thứ đều theo kế hoạch.
    Tôi nhớ mình đã nghĩ rằng tôi không muốn sống vì tôi đã quá sợ hãi.
    Nhưng khi bạn vượt qua nỗi sợ hãi, nó sẽ mở ra một lĩnh vực mới hoàn toàn của khả năng để bạn có thể làm những gì bạn muốn.
    Và đó là khi bạn có thể học được trò chơi thực sự của sự khởi nghiệp.
    Chẳng hạn như biết rằng ý tưởng kinh doanh thường đến từ một trong ba chữ P.
    Bạn chỉ cần một trong ba điều đó.
    Và sau đó là bốn chữ R để thành công với khách hàng.
    Cách để học các kỹ năng mới nhanh chóng.
    Cách để nổi bật trong một thị trường cạnh tranh.
    Chiến lược chiến thắng cho năm 2025.
    Và còn nhiều điều nữa.
    Vậy tôi nên bắt đầu từ đâu?
    Tôi thấy thật thú vị khi nhìn vào mặt sau của Spotify và Apple cũng như các kênh âm thanh của chúng ta,
    phần lớn mọi người xem podcast này vẫn chưa nhấn nút theo dõi hoặc nút đăng ký.
    Bất kể bạn đang nghe ở đâu, tôi muốn đưa ra một thỏa thuận với bạn.
    Nếu bạn có thể giúp tôi một ân huệ lớn và nhấn vào nút đăng ký đó,
    tôi sẽ làm việc không mệt mỏi từ giờ đến mãi mãi để làm cho chương trình ngày càng tốt hơn.
    Tôi không thể diễn tả hết mức độ mà nó giúp khi bạn nhấn vào nút đăng ký.
    Chương trình lớn hơn, điều đó có nghĩa là chúng ta có thể mở rộng sản xuất,
    mời tất cả các khách mời mà bạn muốn xem và tiếp tục làm điều mà chúng ta yêu thích.
    Nếu bạn có thể giúp tôi một ân huệ nhỏ nữa và nhấn nút theo dõi,
    bất kể bạn đang nghe ở đâu, điều đó sẽ có ý nghĩa rất lớn đối với tôi.
    Đó là ân huệ duy nhất mà tôi sẽ từng yêu cầu bạn.
    Cảm ơn bạn rất nhiều vì thời gian của bạn. Quay lại với tập này.
    Alex, nếu có ai đó vừa nhấn vào cuộc trò chuyện này,
    và họ đang cân nhắc việc lắng nghe trong vài giờ tới,
    dựa trên tất cả những gì bạn làm cho hàng triệu doanh nhân theo dõi bạn,
    đọc sách của bạn, bạn có thể nói với tôi chính xác tại sao bạn tin rằng họ nên ở lại và lắng nghe, và ai nên ở lại và lắng nghe?
    Tại acquisition.com, chúng tôi mở rộng các doanh nghiệp.
    Nội dung mà tôi tạo ra mà chúng tôi phát hành, những cuộc trò chuyện như thế này,
    giúp mọi người từ không có gì đến bắt đầu từ con số không,
    đến giúp mọi người chuyển từ một triệu lên 10 triệu,
    đến giúp các doanh nhân từ 10 triệu đến 100 triệu,
    hoặc đến đích hoặc thoát khỏi con đường.
    Và có những khung lý thuyết chéo qua cả ba thứ đó mà tôi coi là sâu sắc và rộng rãi
    giúp bất kỳ doanh nghiệp nào điều hướng bất kỳ quyết định chiến lược nào đang ở trước mặt họ
    để có được lợi tức tiềm năng cao nhất cho thời gian của họ.
    Và vì vậy, nếu bạn đang nghe hoặc xem, nếu một trong những khung lý thuyết đó
    áp dụng ngay lập tức cho doanh nghiệp của bạn và cho phép bạn tiến lên năm năm
    trong sự nghiệp của mình, tôi sẽ nói đó là một sự trở lại khá tốt về thời gian.
    Đối với những người đang ở điểm bắt đầu.
    Vâng.
    Họ thường đến nhờ bạn giúp đỡ điều gì?
    Vì vậy, nếu bạn là một trong số họ, họ muốn điều gì từ Alex?
    Tôi nghĩ có những điều họ nghĩ họ muốn và những điều họ thực sự cần,
    cái này thì hoàn toàn khác nhau.
    Và vì vậy, tôi nghĩ điều mà họ nghĩ họ muốn là một thủ thuật nào đó sẽ ngay lập tức
    giúp họ bắt đầu một doanh nghiệp.
    Nhưng điều họ thực sự cần thường là can đảm để chấp nhận sai lầm
    và đủ can đảm để cảm thấy xấu hổ khi thất bại trước những người
    mà họ quan tâm đến ý kiến của họ.
    Và tôi nghĩ đó là, nếu tôi quay ngược thời gian, có lẽ đây là một trong những điều khó khăn nhất
    mà tôi đã phải vượt qua.
    Và vì vậy, tôi nghĩ đó là lý do tại sao có thể thông điệp của tôi vang vọng với nhiều người
    bởi vì nó rất khó khăn với tôi để vượt qua.
    Và điều thú vị là hầu như bất kỳ ai đang nghe,
    càng khó khăn cho bạn để thoát khỏi bất kỳ loại nhà tù tâm lý nào bạn đã tạo ra cho chính mình,
    dù đó là thật hay chỉ trong đầu của bạn,
    câu chuyện của bạn sẽ càng hấp dẫn hơn khi bạn phá vỡ nó.
    Vì nó sẽ vang vọng với nhiều người hơn nữa.
    Đối với những người mà câu chuyện của họ dễ dàng hơn, câu chuyện của họ không có nhiều như,
    tôi ngay lập tức là một doanh nhân, tôi không như vậy.
    Tôi đã có một công việc khi tôi còn học trung học.
    Tôi có một công việc ngay sau khi tốt nghiệp đại học.
    Có một số người thì giống như, tôi đã bán nước chanh từ thùng xe của mình khi tôi 13 tuổi.
    Tôi không làm bất kỳ điều nào trong số đó.
    Trường học đã thất bại tôi.
    Thực tế thì tôi khá giỏi ở trường.
    Tôi không có bất kỳ vấn đề nào như thế, bạn hiểu ý tôi chứ?
    Và vì vậy tôi đã có một con đường sự nghiệp khá rõ ràng.
    Và vì vậy tôi đã có những gì nhiều người sẽ coi là, tôi đã có một cơ hội thực sự.
    Tôi có một công việc văn phòng và điểm GMAT trên mức điểm trung bình của Harvard.
    Và vì vậy tôi đã có một con đường rất rõ ràng về việc cuộc sống của tôi có thể như thế nào trong 20, 30 năm tới.
    Và nó rất dễ dàng để định hình.
    Như tôi sẽ vào Harvard hoặc Stanford hoặc một trong những trường kinh doanh hàng đầu.
    Và sau đó tôi sẽ quay trở lại tư vấn quản lý,
    hoặc tôi sẽ vào ngân hàng đầu tư, và cuối cùng sẽ làm việc trong quỹ đầu tư tư nhân.
    Đó sẽ là con đường, đúng không?
    Và rồi mọi hoa trái sẽ được dâng lên chân tôi.
    Và bạn biết đấy, mọi người sẽ nói, chúng tôi tán thành bạn.
    Bạn là một người xuất sắc.
    Nhưng khi tôi nhìn thấy những người đã hơn tôi 20 năm,
    tôi thực sự không muốn sống cuộc đời của họ.
    Và rồi điều đó khiến tôi bắt đầu nhìn lại cuộc đời mình.
    Tôi đã nghĩ, tôi thậm chí không biết liệu tôi có thực sự muốn cuộc đời của mình hay không.
    Và những quyết định lớn mà tôi đã đưa ra trong cuộc đời mình,
    thật không may, hầu như luôn đến bên bờ của cái chết rõ ràng.
    Và tôi nghĩ có thể trong một số cách điều đó khiến tôi trở thành kẻ nhát gan
    vì đã cần cái chết để có thể đưa ra quyết định.
    Và vì vậy, việc biến điều đó thành hành động trở thành một điều đã giúp tôi nhanh chóng
    đưa ra những quyết định mà tôi biết tôi cần phải làm, nhưng không làm.
    Và vì vậy, quyết định lớn đầu tiên mà tôi cảm thấy như một cái chết chính là,
    tôi là một nhà tư vấn, khoảng 22 tuổi.
    Tôi có một căn hộ đã được thanh toán mà tôi mua nhìn ra thành phố.
    Và tôi nhớ mình đã nghĩ, tôi thực sự hy vọng tôi không tỉnh dậy vào ngày mai.
    Và tôi không có ý định làm quá lên.
    Chỉ trong một thời gian, tôi chỉ luôn hy vọng mỗi đêm.
    Tôi đã nghĩ, tôi chỉ thực sự hy vọng tôi không tỉnh dậy vào ngày mai.
    Như kiểu, tôi không muốn làm điều này chút nào.
    Và điều khó khăn là vào thời điểm đó
    là khi cha tôi tự hào nhất về tôi,
    bởi vì tôi đang làm mọi thứ theo đúng kế hoạch.
    Ông ấy có thể nói về con trai mình đã tốt nghiệp trong ba năm từ Vanderbilt,
    có một công việc tốt, như mọi thứ đều, chúng tôi đang theo kế hoạch.
    Và cái tôi nhận ra chính là việc thể hiện cao nhất về việc sống theo giấc mơ của ông
    là tôi cảm thấy không muốn sống.
    Và vì vậy, mà mất thời gian để tôi có thể đạt đến điểm đó để thậm chí diễn đạt điều đó,
    bởi vì rõ ràng là bạn không muốn thừa nhận sự thất bại
    như kiểu, tôi đã thật sự làm hỏng điều gì ở đây.
    Nhưng tôi đang sống cuộc đời mình để thắng trò chơi của người khác.
    Và khi tôi nhận ra điều đó, tôi nhận ra rằng một trong những giấc mơ của chúng tôi phải chết,
    hoặc của ông ấy hoặc của tôi.
    Và khi tôi nhận ra rằng giấc mơ của ông phải chết để giấc mơ của tôi sống
    là một tuyên bố mà tôi đã hình thành khi tôi ở điểm đó trong cuộc đời mình.
    Như kiểu, tôi phải tiếp tục lặp lại rằng, giấc mơ của ông ấy phải chết để giấc mơ của tôi sống.
    Và vì vậy, để đặt điều này vào sự tương quan về việc tôi đã sợ cha tôi như thế nào,
    tôi đã rời khỏi bang và lái xe qua cả nước một nửa trước khi gọi cho ông ấy để nói cho ông ấy biết rằng tôi đã đi rồi.
    Và vì vậy, tôi đề cập đến điều này bởi vì tôi không cố gắng dramatize ở đây,
    nhưng tôi đang nói rằng nếu bạn cảm thấy nhiều áp lực, tôi hiểu.
    Như tôi đã cố gắng rời khỏi công việc mà tôi đang làm để theo đuổi bất cứ điều gì không phải là điều đó,
    tôi chỉ muốn bắt đầu một doanh nghiệp vào một thời điểm nào đó.
    Tôi không biết mình sẽ làm điều đó như thế nào.
    Tôi chỉ biết rằng những gì tôi đang làm không phải là con đường mà tôi muốn đi.
    Và mọi người xung quanh tôi đều muốn tôi đi theo con đường đó.
    Và vì vậy, tôi đã đến như kiểu, hey, tôi đang nghĩ về việc làm cái gì khác.
    Và, bạn biết đấy, luôn có điều đó sau đó, sau đó, như mọi thứ đều ổn sau đó, bạn biết không.
    Và tôi nhớ khi tôi gọi cho bố tôi và nói ông ấy rằng, ông ấy đã nói,
    hiểu, sao không về nhà đi?
    Như kiểu, về nhà đi.
    Chà, tôi không nói với ông ấy rằng tôi đã đi chưa.
    Như kiểu, tôi đã nói, hey, tôi muốn theo đuổi điều này liên quan đến sức khỏe.
    Ông ấy nói, tốt, đến ăn trưa đi.
    Chúng ta sẽ nói về điều đó.
    Bạn biết đấy, và tôi nghĩ, tôi đã đi rồi.
    Và sau đó rõ ràng giọng nói của ông đã thay đổi rất nhiều.
    Và, bạn biết đấy, mối quan hệ của chúng tôi đã gặp khó khăn trong nhiều năm sau đó.
    Và tôi cũng đề cập đến điều đó vì đôi khi có ảo tưởng rằng như kiểu,
    bạn biết đấy, bạn lên sân khấu Oscar hoặc bất cứ điều gì.
    Và bạn đang nói, hey, tôi chỉ muốn cảm ơn, bạn biết đấy, mẹ tôi, cha tôi,
    những người bạn luôn ủng hộ tôi.
    Và tôi không thể nói điều đó.
    Và tôi ước mình có thể.
    Và có thể bạn cũng không thể nói điều đó.
    Và tôi cũng không nghĩ đó là lý do để không làm điều đó.
    Và vì vậy, chúng tôi đã gặp khó khăn trong nhiều năm sau đó để như kiểu,
    bởi vì tôi chủ yếu sống như một cậu con trai đi hoang đã từng của ông
    đi làm một công việc lương tối thiểu như một huấn luyện viên cá nhân tại một phòng tập gym.
    Như kiểu, bạn biết đấy, lau sàn và những thứ khác để học, chỉ để học kinh doanh gym.
    Nhưng đó thực sự là cách mà tôi đã giải phóng mình, thật sự, bạn biết đấy, về mặt thể chất,
    rời khỏi khu vực và, bạn biết đấy, về mặt tinh thần.
    Nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng tôi đã phải chấp nhận rằng có một thời gian
    mà cha tôi sẽ không bao giờ nói chuyện với tôi nữa.
    Và tôi đã phải ổn với điều đó để theo đuổi những gì tôi muốn.
    Và tôi nghĩ rằng khi bạn hỏi câu hỏi ban đầu,
    các người từ không đến một thực sự đang tìm kiếm điều gì?
    Tôi đã đọc rất nhiều sách kinh doanh vào thời điểm đó.
    Nhưng tôi không thể sử dụng bất kỳ cuốn nào trong số đó vì tôi rất sợ hãi.
    Và điều điên rồ là như kiểu, tôi nghĩ về điều đó bây giờ trong hoàn cảnh nhìn lại,
    và thật là điên rồ khi những con quái vật bị tưởng tượng có thể xuất hiện lớn như thế nào.
    Và Layla có một câu nói mà tôi yêu thích, đó là “Sợ hãi rộng một dặm nhưng sâu một inch.”
    Và vì vậy bạn nhìn vào nó và nó trông giống như một đại dương.
    Và sau đó bạn bước một bước đầu tiên và nhận ra bạn không bị chết đuối.
    Bởi vì nó như kiểu, ôi, có đất bên dưới điều này, đúng không?
    Có những người khác cũng đang đi trên con đường của tôi.
    Và những người bạn mà bạn mất đi, bạn có những người bạn mới, đúng không?
    Và vì vậy, nỗi sợ đó là quyết định khó khăn nhất mà tôi đã phải vượt qua trong sự nghiệp khởi nghiệp của mình.
    Và tôi nghĩ về tất cả những ngã rẽ trong cuộc đời mình,
    đó là lựa chọn mà nếu tôi có nhiều dòng thời gian hoặc nhiều vũ trụ tồn tại,
    thì có lẽ đó là lựa chọn mà tôi có khả năng cao nhất để không rời xa.
    Vì vậy, tôi nghĩ trong khoảng 90% các vũ trụ mà Alex từ Ozzy tồn tại,
    tôi chỉ là một nhà tư vấn ở đâu đó.
    Và vì vậy, tôi muốn khuyến khích bạn nếu bạn cảm thấy bạn sẽ không chết.
    Như bạn sẽ không chết và bạn có thể sẽ chỉ sống.
    Thật thú vị vì tôi nghĩ mọi thứ bạn đã nói đều hoàn toàn đúng.
    Nhưng bạn đúng khi nói rằng nếu bạn hỏi một thành viên trong khán giả đang lắng nghe bây giờ, tại sao họ chưa bắt đầu, họ sẽ không nói rằng họ sợ hãi. Họ sẽ nói: “Tôi không có X. Tôi không có Y.” Nhưng thực tế, đó là một điều rất cảm xúc. Chúng ta không nói về điều đó đủ vì sự không chắc chắn là, con người dường như rất nhạy cảm với sự không chắc chắn. Họ thà chấp nhận sự khổ sở chắc chắn từ tình huống hiện tại hơn là phải đối diện với điều không chắc chắn. Và tôi nghĩ, tôi đã sử dụng một từ mà tôi cho là không thể chấp nhận được, đó là “nhát gan”, một cách có chủ đích, vì không ai muốn nói rằng họ sợ hãi. Bởi vì nếu bạn nói rằng bạn sợ hãi, thì điều đó có nghĩa là bạn là một kẻ nhát gan. Và tôi nghĩ điều đó chỉ có nghĩa là bạn là kẻ nhát gan nếu bạn cho phép nỗi sợ làm thay đổi hành vi của mình theo cách không tốt, tức là không hướng tới điều mà bạn muốn. Và ngược lại, nhiều người đã nghe nói rằng dũng cảm không phải là hành động mà không có sợ hãi, mà là hành động mặc dù có sợ hãi. Và tôi nghĩ rằng khi bạn hành động, khi bạn cho phép sự sợ hãi làm thay đổi hành vi của bạn theo cách sai lầm, đó là khi bạn có thể tự gán cho mình danh hiệu kẻ nhát gan. Và tôi nghĩ rằng đó là một danh hiệu mà tôi đã sợ hãi suốt cả cuộc đời. Và cái nhãn đó gần như còn khiến tôi sợ hãi hơn cả cái nhãn thất bại. Tôi thà trở thành một kẻ thất bại hơn là một kẻ nhát gan. Có một khuôn khổ nào để biết khi nào nên bỏ cuộc không? Tôi nghĩ rằng có, có một số phép toán đứng sau điều này. Và tôi nghĩ những phép toán đó khá rõ ràng. Vậy, khi nào bạn nên từ bỏ doanh nghiệp của mình? Thứ nhất, bạn đã tiết kiệm được ba đến sáu tháng tiền tiết kiệm cá nhân. Thứ hai là bạn đã bắt đầu một cái gì đó vì ngày nay trong kỷ nguyên số, bạn có thể bắt đầu một doanh nghiệp bên lề có thể tạo ra thu nhập. Và thu nhập đó trong khoảng thời gian ngắn mà bạn không làm việc sẽ thay thế hoặc ít nhất sẽ tương đương với thu nhập hiện có của bạn từ công việc hiện tại của bạn. Và bạn đã có thể làm điều đó hoặc chứng minh thu nhập đó trong khoảng ba đến sáu tháng. Nếu bạn làm điều đó, đó là một cách tiếp cận toán học rất hợp lý. Nhưng điều đó cũng cơ bản không bao giờ là lý do mà mọi người không từ bỏ công việc của họ. Như vậy, tôi đã suy nghĩ về hai lý do mà một người có thể từ bỏ điều gì đó hoặc cảm thấy muốn từ bỏ. Một lý do rõ ràng là vì quá khó khăn. Và điều đó rõ ràng không đủ lý do để từ bỏ. Và có một lý do khác mà bạn đã nói đến, đó là nó không đưa tôi hướng tới một mục tiêu có ý nghĩa, bất kể nó khó khăn thế nào. Như một cuộc marathon, bạn đang gây quỹ cho một tổ chức từ thiện mà bạn quan tâm. Nó khó khăn, nhưng bạn không từ bỏ. Còn nếu bạn đang chạy marathon vì lý do rõ ràng nào đó, bạn biết đấy, không có tổ chức từ thiện nào. Không ai đang theo dõi. Không có lợi ích nào về sức khỏe. Thì đó là một lúc tốt để xem xét việc từ bỏ. Câu chuyện của tôi phản ánh câu chuyện của bạn theo cách mà tôi không nhận ra. Tôi không nhận ra rằng bạn đã trải qua một điều tương tự về việc bị bố mẹ ruồng bỏ. Không có lựa chọn tốt nào để chạy trốn, nhưng cảm thấy rằng con đường hiện tại mà sẽ dẫn tôi trở thành một sinh viên quản lý doanh nghiệp thì trên thực tế tệ hơn nhiều so với việc chấp nhận rủi ro. Nhưng tôi nghĩ có thể một điểm phân biệt là tôi không cảm thấy đó là một rủi ro. Vâng, điều thú vị thực sự về điều đó là sự đảm bảo. Và vì vậy, nhiều khi chúng ta không nhìn nhận những gì tôi gọi là sự không, đó là con đường thay thế. Và vì vậy nếu tôi đã theo đuổi con đường hiện tại, tôi có một đảm bảo về kết quả mà tôi không muốn. Nó chỉ là do sự trì hoãn. Trong khi ở đây có một cơ hội mà tôi có thể thành công. Do đó, một trong những khuôn khổ cuối cùng để đưa ra quyết định là đảm bảo sự tồi tệ và cơ hội cho điều tốt. Và tôi đã nghĩ, tốt hơn hết là tôi nên nắm lấy cơ hội. Và tôi rất khuyến khích việc suy nghĩ về việc thực hiện nó. Và điều tôi muốn nói đến là, tôi nghĩ nỗi sợ tồn tại trong điều không rõ ràng, không phải trong điều cụ thể. Vì vậy, khi bạn nói, tôi sẽ từ bỏ công việc của mình và rồi nếu điều này không thành công thì sao? Tôi đang đối mặt với rất nhiều nỗi sợ hãi. Nếu tôi nói, tôi sẽ từ bỏ công việc của mình và rồi tôi sẽ thử và bắt đầu một doanh nghiệp. Và nếu doanh nghiệp không thành công, có lẽ tôi sẽ có một câu chuyện hấp dẫn mà tôi có thể kể cho trường kinh doanh nếu tôi muốn, để cho thấy rằng tôi đã có một ít thiên hướng khởi nghiệp. Trong thời gian chờ đợi, tôi có thể sử dụng kinh nghiệm đó cộng với kinh nghiệm công việc của mình để có thể kiếm được một công việc khác, hoặc thậm chí một công việc tốt hơn. Trong thời gian chờ đợi, và tương đương hoặc thậm chí vượt qua thu nhập hiện tại của tôi. Và tổn thất thực sự có thể chỉ là số tiết kiệm mà tôi đã tích lũy được. Nhưng nếu tôi còn trẻ hoặc tôi chưa kiếm được nhiều tiền như tôi mong muốn, thì số tiền đó không bao giờ là số tiền quan trọng trên quy mô lớn mà tôi muốn kiếm được. Và về tình hình sống, nếu không tốt nhất tôi sẽ trở về nhà bố mẹ với tâm trạng hổ thẹn hoặc ngủ trên ghế của một người bạn vì tôi có đủ người sẵn lòng cho tôi ở tạm trong gara nếu cần thiết. Vì vậy, thật ra, điều tồi tệ nhất mà tôi có thể tưởng tượng chỉ là, tôi có một câu chuyện thú vị và có thể một chút xấu hổ mà tôi tự gây ra vì không phải ai cũng quan tâm thực sự. Nhưng đó là xấu hổ tự gây ra và có thể là một sự đi chệch hướng hoặc một câu chuyện khác mà tôi phải kể trong sự nghiệp sau này. Không có nhiều nỗi sợ ở đó, đúng không? Nhưng điều đầu tiên, như sẽ thất bại, mọi người sẽ ghét tôi và tôi sẽ chết. Câu đầu tiên nghe như được viết bởi amygdala của bạn, như một mối đe dọa sợ hãi. Còn câu thứ hai hoàn toàn là từ vỏ não trước trán. Nó hoàn toàn là lý trí. Vâng. Và tôi đang tự hỏi, bạn biết đấy, khi bạn đang đối mặt với quyết định đó, rõ ràng nỗi sợ sẽ dẫn dắt nó. Vì vậy, bạn sẽ tự nhiên đi đến lựa chọn một, nơi bạn chỉ nghĩ về những gì tồi tệ nhất có thể xảy ra.
    Có thể có một phương pháp cho phép bạn tiếp cận vỏ não trước trán của mình để suy nghĩ hợp lý. Tôi nghĩ bạn đã nói đúng và diễn đạt nó tốt hơn tôi. Nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng việc chuyển từ cái mơ hồ sang cái cụ thể sẽ ngắt kết nối amygdala của bạn vì nó không thể lý luận chuỗi logic về nguyên nhân và kết quả của những gì sẽ xảy ra tiếp theo trong chuỗi sự kiện. Và vì vậy, khi bạn đi vào chi tiết cụ thể, bạn sẽ ngay lập tức nghĩ rằng, “Được rồi, tôi sẽ không phải sống vô gia cư và rồi bị xấu hổ mà chết.” Có thể tôi sẽ sống trong điều kiện sống kém trong một khoảng thời gian ngắn, mà nhân tiện, khi bạn nhìn lại sau này trong cuộc đời, bạn sẽ nghĩ đó là những ngày tháng tốt đẹp vì tôi không thể tin rằng mình đã phải ngủ trên ghế sofa. Tôi đang theo đuổi ước mơ của mình. Đúng vậy. Chỉ trong khoảnh khắc, cảm giác xấu hổ hiện tại sẽ là xấu thôi khi bạn nhìn lại. Như là, tôi thấy điều này thật thú vị. Trong bao lâu sau khi bạn làm điều xấu hổ thì nó trở nên hài hước? Đúng không? Ở một thời điểm nào đó, với hầu hết chúng ta, sau một thời gian đủ dài, trải nghiệm xấu hổ trở nên hài hước. Và nếu cuối cùng nó sẽ trở nên hài hước, sao không làm cho nó hài hước ngay bây giờ? Vì vậy, nó giống như việc kéo dài thời gian lên. Nhưng tất cả những điều đó đều là quyết định của vỏ não trước trán. Và vì vậy, không, nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng đó chính xác là nó, vì khi tôi nghĩ về quyết định này, rõ ràng tôi đã có những phát biểu rất cảm xúc như “giấc mơ của anh ấy phải chết để giấc mơ của tôi được sống.” Vâng. Còn có logic nói về rủi ro. Tôi sẽ có một câu chuyện và tôi luôn có thể lấy lại công việc của mình. Được rồi. Và nếu tôi không thể lấy lại công việc đó, tôi sẽ có những công việc khác. Chúng sẽ sẵn có. Tốt thôi. Và nếu tôi bị hạ cấp và một số người nghĩ rằng tôi không thành công như họ, thì được rồi, tôi sẽ không dừng lại. Và vì vậy, tôi nghĩ rằng điều đó đã làm rõ rất nhiều nỗi sợ hãi. Tôi nghĩ điều này không chỉ áp dụng cho những nỗi sợ khởi nghiệp. Tôi nghĩ nó áp dụng cho bất kỳ nỗi sợ nào. Như là, “Tôi sẽ không thể nói tin xấu này với người đó.” Được rồi, hãy chơi thử. Tôi nói một điều gì đó và sau đó họ sẽ giết tôi. Có lẽ không. Vậy điều gì sẽ xảy ra? Tôi sẽ nói những từ này và sau đó họ sẽ lật bàn. Họ sẽ chỉ tay vào tôi. Họ có thể sẽ chỉ cảm thấy tổn thương và có thể họ sẽ khóc. Có thể họ sẽ hét lên. Được rồi. Nếu họ hét lên với tôi, tôi sẽ làm gì? Và bạn chỉ việc giả định ra và bạn sẽ nhận ra, “Được rồi, tôi nghĩ tôi đã chuẩn bị cho hầu hết các điều kiện này.” Và rồi đột nhiên bạn có thể có những điều đó. Điều bạn cũng đã nói là trong tình huống chắc chắn sẽ khổ, bất kỳ lựa chọn nào cũng đều tốt hơn. Vâng. Và như vậy, điều đó là thật. Bạn chỉ có một lần sống. Vâng. Vậy nên tại sao khổ chắc chắn lại tốt hơn bất kỳ lựa chọn nào có sẵn? Đó là sự chậm trễ trong tính toán. Thật điên rồ là sự chậm trễ trong tính toán xảy ra theo cả hai cách. Bạn đặt báo thức lúc năm giờ sáng vào buổi tối và bạn tự nhủ, “Tôi sẽ dậy lúc năm giờ.” Nhưng đó là bởi vì bạn đang trì hoãn nỗi đau của việc thức dậy. Và khi nó ngay lập tức, khi tôi phải bỏ việc, tôi sẽ bỏ việc của mình ngày mai trong 20 năm. Và vì vậy, chúng ta luôn trì hoãn sự thật rằng chúng ta sẽ khổ vào hiện tại để như thể chúng ta đang giảm thiểu rất lớn những gì mà cả một đời sống khổ sở sẽ là. Amen. Khi bạn đang nghĩ về việc theo đuổi điều gì. Giả sử bạn đã rời bỏ công việc, bạn đã từ bỏ điều gì đó. Khi bạn đang nghĩ về việc theo đuổi điều gì, bao nhiêu trong số đó là quyết định xuất phát từ sự tự nhận thức? Bởi vì, bạn biết đấy, sẽ có ai đó nhìn bạn bây giờ và nói, “Ôi, Alex đã làm điều này. Vậy tôi sẽ bắt đầu acquisition.com,” bạn biết không, hoặc họ sẽ nói, “Tôi muốn, tôi thấy Steve Jobs đã làm điều đó với máy tính. Tôi sẽ bắt đầu Apple,” hoặc Elon. “Tôi sẽ làm những tàu vũ trụ.” Bạn phải biết điều gì về bản thân để biết nên theo đuổi gì? Đàn ông, đây là một câu hỏi rất hay. Có một tweet mà tôi yêu thích của Andrew Wilkinson, nói rằng “Mỗi doanh nhân từng có: đây là số trúng thưởng cho vé số của tôi.” Vì vậy, giống như, mỗi doanh nhân sẽ nói, “Đây là vé số trúng thưởng.” Nhưng thực sự thì, buổi quay số đó đã xảy ra rồi. Ah, được rồi. Đúng không? Và vì vậy, bạn không thể đổi vé đó. Nó đã xong. Và vì vậy, mọi người nói về nguyên tắc cơ bản. Không ai thực sự biết nó có nghĩa là gì. Ý tôi là, một số người thì biết, nhưng tôi nghĩ nhiều người nói về nó hơn là biết nó có nghĩa là gì. Và vì vậy cơ bản có những sự thật nền tảng về kinh doanh tồn tại. Và các điều kiện của môi trường sẽ thay đổi. Và vì vậy, bạn phải áp dụng những sự thật đó vào bất kỳ điều kiện hiện tại nào. Và đó là những gì tôi cố gắng làm rõ qua những cuốn sách và những thứ mà tôi đưa ra trong nội dung. Nhưng cuối cùng, bạn có một đầu vào về thời gian, như là nhìn xa ra. Giả sử rằng mục tiêu của bạn là kiếm tiền. Được rồi. Như thế này chỉ là một mục tiêu kinh doanh thuần túy về kinh tế. Thì bạn có thời gian, là đơn vị tiền tệ chính mà bạn giao dịch, và bạn tạo ra đô la qua một khoảng thời gian nhất định. Và vì vậy, tôi có xu hướng bác bỏ ý tưởng như, “Không bao giờ, bạn biết đấy, không bao giờ đổi thời gian lấy đô la,” hay bất cứ điều gì như thế, vì mọi người đều đổi thời gian lấy đô la. Chỉ là, một số người trong chúng ta làm điều đó hiệu quả hơn những người khác. Nhưng ngay cả những trao đổi không được chỉ định theo thời gian cũng diễn ra theo thời gian. Và vì vậy, bạn có một đơn vị thời gian nền tảng mà bạn sẽ bỏ ra. Những gì chúng ta tìm kiếm là lợi suất cao nhất cho thời gian đó. Và vì vậy, trong một ngữ cảnh kinh doanh, có ba cấp độ mà phải xảy ra trong một doanh nghiệp. Bạn phải, bạn biết đấy, thu hút sự chú ý. Bạn phải chuyển đổi sự chú ý. Sau đó, bạn phải cung cấp điều gì đó cho sự chú ý đó. Và trong mỗi điều đó, bạn muốn có càng nhiều đòn bẩy càng tốt. Vì vậy, bạn muốn yêu cầu ít thời gian nhất có thể để có được đầu ra nhiều nhất. Và vì vậy, tôi đã xây dựng các doanh nghiệp mua lại.
    Dưới đây là bản dịch của văn bản trên sang tiếng Việt:
    Nói chung, có hai luận đề chính, được phản ánh trong logo, đó là điểm tựa để có sức mạnh. Đối với những người không nhìn thấy, nó giống như một hình tam giác. Vâng. Nó giống như một hình tam giác hoặc là biểu tượng của Illuminati, vì điều đó luôn được nhắc đến, đúng không? Vì vậy, chúng ta có điểm tựa để có sức mạnh. Và bên trong đó, bạn có cung và cầu. Tôi coi đó là hai nguyên tắc cơ bản của kinh doanh. Do đó, bạn cần cung và cầu để có một doanh nghiệp và sau đó là sức mạnh để lấy càng nhiều nhất có thể từ điều đó.
    Khi bạn nhìn vào tài sản mà bạn có, tài sản cũng có thể là kỹ năng, nguồn lực, những gì bạn có sẵn. Bây giờ, nếu bạn không có gì, thì tất cả những gì bạn có chỉ là bộ óc, đôi tay của bạn và thời gian mà bạn có để có thể học hỏi điều gì đó, đó là lý do vì sao tôi là một người hâm mộ lớn về việc thu nhận kỹ năng như một trong những điều chính mà bạn có thể làm là tự giáo dục bản thân. Không phải là giáo dục chính thức, mà là tự học một cách không chính thức hoặc theo cách thay thế về những điều cực kỳ thiết thực.
    Khi bạn vượt qua nỗi sợ hãi, bạn bắt đầu tự hỏi, được rồi, làm thế nào để tôi cho mọi người biết về những thứ của mình? Và tôi sẽ cho họ biết gì? Đúng vậy. Vì vậy, bạn phải có thứ gì đó để bán, đó là đề nghị. Về lý tưởng, bạn muốn đề nghị có mức độ sức mạnh càng cao càng tốt. Ví dụ, nếu bạn bán phần mềm hoặc bạn bán phương tiện truyền thông, đó là những thứ mà bạn có thể tạo ra một lần, bán được hàng ngàn lần. Nếu bạn có một cơ chế chuyển đổi, nó giống như bạn không thể khiến nó tự động như một trang thanh toán hoặc một loại video bán hàng nào đó, nơi mọi người chỉ mua mà không có nhân viên bán hàng qua điện thoại. Nếu bạn thêm một nhân viên bán hàng qua điện thoại, mức độ sức mạnh sẽ ít hơn. Không phải nói rằng điều đó là sai, nhưng bạn muốn có cơ hội sức mạnh cao nhất.
    Và từ quan điểm khả năng giao hàng, tôi đã nói về khả năng giao hàng đầu tiên, nhưng từ quan điểm quảng cáo, nếu bạn tiếp cận mọi người từng cá nhân một, điều đó có sức mạnh thấp hơn so với việc có thể tạo ra một nội dung mà một triệu người nhìn thấy. Đúng vậy. Và theo thời gian, bạn sẽ chuyển từ sức mạnh thấp sang sức mạnh cao, nơi bạn có cùng một đầu vào, nhưng bạn nhận được nhiều hơn rất nhiều cho đầu ra của bạn.
    Và điều đó về căn bản giống như, nếu chúng ta lý luận từ các nguyên tắc cơ bản, làm thế nào để tôi đạt được điều đó theo cách khác? Câu hỏi mà tôi nghĩ ai đó thực sự đang hỏi là, làm thế nào để tôi nhận được nhiều nhất cho những gì tôi bỏ ra? Và bạn phải lý luận trong bối cảnh hiện tại của bạn về kỹ năng, nguồn lực và tài sản của bạn để tìm ra giải pháp cho bạn.
    Vì vậy, nếu ai đó bước đến bạn trên đường phố và họ nói, “Alex, tôi nên theo đuổi ý tưởng gì? Tôi vừa mới nghỉ việc.” Vâng, đúng vậy. Vì vậy, tôi sẽ nói rằng các ý tưởng kinh doanh thường đến từ một trong ba lý do. Đó là đến từ một nỗi đau mà bạn đang trải qua, một nghề nghiệp trong quá khứ. Vì vậy, điều mà bạn vừa nghỉ, hoặc một số công việc mà bạn vừa nghỉ, hoặc một đam mê. Vì vậy, đó là điều mà bạn có sự quan tâm tự nhiên, mà bạn sẽ dành thời gian để làm bất cứ việc gì. Một kỹ năng mà bạn đã học được trong khi bạn còn trong lực lượng lao động, mà, nhân tiện, là một trong những cách chứng minh nhất để kiếm tiền, vì nền kinh tế đã cho bạn thấy rằng mọi người sẵn sàng trao đổi tiền cho công việc cụ thể đó.
    Và vì vậy, trong thế giới của nền kinh tế gig và các máy in mặt trời, mọi doanh nghiệp có thể được phân tích thành chỉ các công việc được thực hiện, và tất cả những công việc đó có thể được chia nhỏ. Vì vậy, chúng ta nhìn vào bất kỳ doanh nghiệp nào, bạn có bán hàng, bạn có tiếp thị, bạn có thành công của khách hàng, bạn có hỗ trợ khách hàng nếu bạn muốn phân biệt điều đó. Bạn có sản phẩm, bạn có thiết kế, bạn có các trang web. Có rất nhiều thành phần khác nhau của một doanh nghiệp, bạn chỉ cần học một trong số chúng. Rồi như thế, bùm, bạn có một kỹ năng mà bạn có thể đổi lấy tiền mà bạn không có ai khác để báo cáo.
    Và nỗi đau thường là, tôi nghĩ, ở một số khía cạnh, đôi khi là động lực lớn nhất, giống như bạn có dị ứng thực phẩm và bạn không thể tìm thấy bánh kếp mà phù hợp với dị ứng thực phẩm của bạn. Và bạn bet rằng có một lượng khá lớn những người khác cũng có dị ứng đó và cũng thích bánh kếp. Và sau đó bạn làm những chiếc bánh kếp tuyệt vời và thơm ngon, cũng phục vụ cho những người có dị ứng thực phẩm đó, và ngay lập tức bạn có một doanh nghiệp dựa trên nỗi đau. Và tại sao điều đó lại quan trọng, phần nỗi đau? Điều gì tạo ra sức mạnh và lợi thế cho bạn trong năm năm tới? Tôi nghĩ rằng kiến thức sâu sắc về đối tượng tiềm năng là rất quan trọng, hoặc rất cần thiết, để tạo ra những sản phẩm xuất sắc. Và bạn có thể làm điều đó bằng cách thực hiện rất nhiều nghiên cứu, hoặc bằng cách trở thành đối tượng tiềm năng.
    Và có một số lượng cảm xúc mạnh mẽ rằng bạn sẽ nhận thấy. Ví dụ, nếu ai đó muốn làm một sản phẩm mũi để thở, tôi đã thử mọi sản phẩm kể từ khi tôi học lớp tám. Vì vậy, đã hơn 20 năm, rất nhiều năm kể từ đó. Và tôi đã thử mọi thứ. Vì vậy, tôi biết những ưu và nhược điểm của mọi sản phẩm tồn tại trên thị trường. Và không phải chỉ là, ôi, tôi đã thử một ngày. Nó giống như, tôi sẽ thử mọi thứ trong một tháng. Và vì vậy tôi có rất nhiều thời gian tiếp xúc với vấn đề này để nắm rõ các chi tiết về điều gì sai với các giải pháp. Vì vậy, tôi có thể hình thành một giả thuyết tốt hơn nhiều về cách sửa chữa nó. Và giả thuyết đó sẽ rất hấp dẫn đối với một nhà đầu tư bởi vì bạn bắt đầu bằng một câu chuyện thay vì lý lẽ.
    Tôi đã gặp người đã đầu tư vào Regal Cinemas, chuỗi rạp lớn nhất ở Mỹ. Và đó là khi có một người vừa mới thắng một nhà hát. Và điều đó trở nên rõ ràng rằng COVID đã làm gián đoạn doanh nghiệp đó. Nhưng trong 20 năm hoặc đại loại như vậy, họ đã rất thành công. Và ông ấy nói, thật kỳ lạ khi nói rằng, ôi, các rạp chiếu phim sẽ trở lại, bởi vì họ đã ở trong tình trạng giảm sút hoặc điều gì đó như vậy trong thời gian mà ông ấy đang đầu tư.
    Và anh ấy nói, lý do tôi quyết định đầu tư vào nó là vì người này biết mọi thứ về doanh nghiệp, từ chi phí của một hạt bắp bỏng là bao nhiêu. Anh ấy biết nó đến mức mà như nhìn thấy ở lòng bàn tay của mình, nên anh ấy nghĩ, người này không thể thất bại. Anh ấy biết quá nhiều về doanh nghiệp này để không thể làm cho nó hoạt động. Vì vậy, anh ấy đã đầu tư vào việc kiếm hàng triệu đô la. Nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng sự hiểu biết sâu sắc đó, và nếu bạn nhìn vào tất cả những điều đam mê, bạn sẽ có sự hiểu biết sâu sắc vì bạn đã dành tất cả thời gian tùy ý của mình để theo đuổi đam mê này. Cảm giác đau đớn, bạn có sự hiểu biết sâu sắc về vấn đề và những triển vọng mà mọi người đang gặp phải vì bạn đã trải qua nó có lẽ trong nhiều năm.
    Bây giờ, điều chuyên nghiệp, tôi sẽ nói là một chút tắt đường vì nếu bạn bỏ việc vì bạn không thích nó. Và sau đó bạn nói, giờ tôi sẽ làm điều này cho bản thân mình. Vâng, điều đó cũng ổn. Ý tôi là, điểm chứng minh duy nhất về điều này là điều đó đã được chứng minh là hoạt động từ một khía cạnh kinh tế. Bạn sẽ có thể kiếm tiền từ việc đó vì bạn đã kiếm tiền bằng cách làm nó rồi. Hai điều còn lại thì ít được chứng minh hơn, nhưng đôi khi lại có tiềm năng nhiều hơn đáng kể. Khi bạn nói về ví dụ hít thở bằng mũi của bạn, thật buồn cười vì nếu bạn đã ngồi xuống và nói với tôi, Steve, tôi đã chế tạo những miếng dán hít thở bằng mũi như thế này, chúng tốt hơn, bền hơn 20%, chúng mở rộng lỗ mũi của bạn thêm 20%. Nó kém thuyết phục hơn rất nhiều so với việc bạn kể cho tôi câu chuyện mà bạn vừa nói về việc là một đứa trẻ, gặp vấn đề hít thở, cố gắng giải quyết vấn đề này cho chính mình. Và thật buồn cười vì câu chuyện bạn kể so với cách tiếp cận lý trí hoặc cách tiếp cận lợi ích là chiến dịch tiếp thị của bạn trong năm năm tới trên TikTok và Instagram. Đó là tôi đã gặp phải một vấn đề, tôi đã giải quyết nó. Tôi đã thử mọi thứ và giải quyết nó cho chính mình. Hầu như không có gì thuyết phục và đáng tin cậy hơn thế.
    Chúng ta thấy điều đó và Dragon đã làm. Nó sẽ ngồi đó nghe những bức tranh này cả ngày. Sau đó, ai đó sẽ bước vào và nói, tôi có ADHD. Tôi đã thử các sản phẩm năng lượng. Tất cả chúng đều làm tôi mệt mỏi. Vì vậy, tôi đã ra ngoài và giải quyết vấn đề này cho chính mình. Và chúng tôi bị căng thẳng vì chúng tôi gần như không thể tranh luận với điều đó vào thời điểm đó.
    Vâng. Vì vậy, Bezos có một khung rất tuyệt vời nơi ông ấy nói về những người truyền giáo và lính đánh thuê. Và vì vậy nó giống như bạn có một chàng trai nói, được rồi, tôi đã nhìn vào các xu hướng thị trường và đây là một danh mục đang phát triển. Và tôi đã khảo sát mọi người và đây là kết quả mà họ đưa ra. Và vì vậy tôi tin rằng nếu chúng ta định thời điểm sản phẩm này đúng, vào thời điểm này trên thị trường, chúng ta sẽ đạt được sự chấp nhận lớn, v.v. v.v. Và nó giống như việc mày mò đi qua. Và để công bằng, có một số người thực sự làm được điều đó. Nhưng những người truyền giáo, những người cuối cùng kiếm được nhiều tiền nhất vì họ làm điều đó vì tiền, vì doanh nghiệp phải có một động cơ kinh tế nào đó đứng sau. Nhưng thực sự vì họ cảm nhận sâu sắc vấn đề này và không muốn bất kỳ ai khác phải đối mặt với vấn đề đó nữa.
    Và nếu tôi phải kể câu chuyện đó như bạn đã nói, như khi tôi học lớp tám, đó là năm đầu tiên tôi bắt đầu thực sự nhận ra rằng tôi không thể thở vào ban đêm. Và vì vậy tôi đã học cách ngủ với tay trên mặt như thế này để cho lỗ mũi của tôi, để tôi có thể ngủ và tay của tôi giữ nguyên. Bởi vì thực sự không còn cách nào khác, vì bạn không thể giữ được lỗ mũi của mình, vì bạn sẽ ngủ thiếp đi, đúng không? Và vì vậy, nếu tôi ngủ với tay như thế này, đúng rồi, như tôi đang ở trên nắp và tôi ngủ như vậy, nó giữ cho lỗ mũi của tôi mở. Và tôi có thể ngủ và nó không di chuyển. Và vì vậy đó là cách tôi học cách ngủ trong nhiều năm trước khi sáng lập, như những miếng dán mũi đơn giản và những thứ như vậy. Nhưng có rất nhiều vấn đề với những giải pháp đó hiện nay mà tôi sẽ không đi sâu vào. Nhưng có thể một ngày nào đó tôi sẽ làm một sản phẩm cho mũi. Tôi nghĩ, ý tôi là, có thể bạn sẽ chỉ cố gắng nâng nó lên.
    Vâng, tôi có thể nói với bạn, nếu bạn đặt mọi sản phẩm trước mặt tôi mà hiện đang tồn tại, tôi có thể cho bạn biết điều gì sai với nó. Bởi vì tôi đã thử, tôi đã thử thực sự tất cả chúng. Không phải như, tôi khá ám ảnh. Và vì vậy, tôi đã thử tất cả chúng. Bạn đang nghe thấy một cơ hội ở đây. Tôi đã thử, tôi đã thử những cái từ châu Âu. Tôi đã thử cái không chỉ từ Mỹ. Như tôi đã nói, tôi đã thử mọi sản phẩm tồn tại trên Amazon. Tôi đã thử tất cả những sản phẩm từ các quốc gia khác. Mỗi một người hâm mộ hoặc người theo dõi nào gửi cho tôi một sản phẩm từ một công ty mũi mới, tôi sẽ thử sản phẩm đó. Tôi vẫn làm. Và vẫn chưa có cái nào thực sự giải quyết được vấn đề. Ý tôi là, bạn nên. Tôi nghĩ trong một số cách, đây thực sự là một khái niệm meta rất tốt, đó là nếu bạn muốn thuyết phục, một sự thể hiện hoặc một mô hình luôn hấp dẫn hơn bất kỳ điều gì khác. Và vì vậy việc tôi trải qua toàn bộ câu chuyện đó, phải không, đã dẫn dắt tất cả những ai đang lắng nghe điều này đến một hành trình nào đó. Và nếu bạn muốn tạo ra một bài thuyết trình hấp dẫn cho một doanh nghiệp, thì như chúng ta đã đi qua một bài thuyết trình như vậy. Và vì vậy, đó thực sự là điều quan trọng. Khi bạn nghĩ, tôi nên làm gì với doanh nghiệp của mình? Hãy tạo ra câu chuyện về lý do tại sao bạn thực sự làm điều này. Và nếu bạn có thể giải thích cho ai đó lý do, lý do tại sao họ nên quan tâm đến vấn đề này, hoặc cụ thể hơn tại sao bạn quan tâm đến vấn đề này, tôi sẽ nói với bạn, nhiều nhà đầu tư sẽ như, có thể tôi không quan tâm đến dụng cụ nhà bếp, nhưng cô gái này thì chắc chắn có. Và tôi chắc chắn rằng có những phụ nữ khác cũng vậy. Và điều mà mọi người muốn thấy là sự ám ảnh. Và thật không may, trong một số phần của thế giới, tôi biết nhiều hơn ở Vương quốc Anh so với Hoa Kỳ bây giờ, cái cách nhìn nhận đó giống như việc toàn tâm toàn ý đắm chìm vào mọi thứ đã gần như bị xúc phạm hoặc bạn biết đấy, đã bị chỉ trích.
    Và tôi, nhưng những người bị ám ảnh với những người đã thay đổi thế giới, ít nhất đã thay đổi thế giới của họ. Và, và tôi nghĩ rằng, một người bạn rất thân của tôi đã làm tất cả các đội Olympic, về dinh dưỡng và bổ sung cho một quốc gia ở nước ngoài. Và anh ấy đã nói, bạn biết sự khác biệt giữa những nhà vô địch và tất cả những người khác không? Tôi đã hỏi, gì cơ? Và anh ấy nói, mọi người luôn nhìn vào họ và nói, nhà vô địch có gì mà tôi không có? Và anh ấy nói, họ đã hiểu sai. Anh ấy nói, câu hỏi là, nhà vô địch không có gì mà tôi có? Họ thiếu gì? Và đó là một nút tắt. Họ chỉ không bao giờ dừng lại. Vì vậy, khi nói đến huy chương vàng, anh ấy nói, họ chỉ không bao giờ dừng lại. Họ không thể dừng lại. Mọi thứ trong cuộc sống của họ đều hướng đến một mục tiêu. Và vì vậy, tìm ra điều đó và họ tiếp cận mọi thứ trong cuộc sống của họ theo cách đó. Và tôi nghĩ rằng mức độ ám ảnh xung quanh mọi thứ mà bạn chạm tới hàng ngày là cần thiết để thực sự đạt được những gì bạn muốn. Thật thú vị. Bởi vì khi chúng ta nói về lý do tại sao câu chuyện lại hấp dẫn hơn rất nhiều, đó trở lại với amygdala. Nó liên quan đến cảm xúc. Đúng. Và thật hài hước vì chúng ta đã nói trước đó rằng khi ai đó nghĩ đến việc bỏ việc, họ đang rất ở trong amygdala của họ, con người chủ yếu hoạt động chủ yếu từ amygdala. Vì vậy, khi chúng ta nghĩ về việc thuyết phục, chúng ta thực sự nên nhắm đến cùng một phần của não bộ, mà là điều bạn đã làm khi bạn cho tôi thấy rằng bạn đã ngủ như một đứa trẻ với tay chỉ ngang qua mặt. Tôi lập tức cảm thấy tiếc cho bạn. Cảm thấy đồng cảm. Và tôi ngay lập tức tin rằng nếu ai đó có thể giải quyết vấn đề này, thì chính là gã khốn này đã trải qua nỗi đau đó. Tôi đã có hai ca phẫu thuật. Cả hai đều không thực sự hiệu quả. Ý tôi là, tôi có câu chuyện của mình. Bạn gái tôi cũng vậy. Gì cơ? Ồ, thật không? Vâng. Hai ca phẫu thuật, mà giờ cô ấy sắp đến ca thứ ba. Chúng tôi đã thử tất cả các loại nhỏ mũi. Tôi thấy bạn đang đeo một cái. Tôi đã mua cái đó cho cô ấy. Vâng. Và vì vậy có rất nhiều người đang xem ngay bây giờ. Và có điều gì đó đang diễn ra với những cái mũi quái quỉ này. Vâng. Mọi người không nên– Vâng. Chúng tôi đang làm điều gì đó. Tôi cảm thấy như tôi có thể đã công khai một số vấn đề về lỗ mũi. Vâng, đúng vậy, đúng vậy. Biến nó thành mốt. Đau đớn, nghề nghiệp, đam mê. Vâng. Lý tưởng, bạn có cả ba điều. Nếu bạn có cả ba điều, thì bạn, ý tôi là, trời ơi, bạn đã sẵn sàng. Như, nếu bạn– nếu cơ bản nỗi đau tạo ra một sự ám ảnh, và vì lý do nào đó bạn cũng đang làm điều gì đó giống như vậy trong công việc của bạn, như, tôi cảm thấy khả năng bạn không thành công là gần như bằng không. Bạn chỉ cần một trong ba điều đó. Bạn chỉ cần chọn một. Như, nếu bạn chỉ có một nỗi đau mà bạn muốn vượt qua, hoặc một đam mê mà bạn chỉ đơn giản là quan tâm. Bởi vì đôi khi đam mê chả có gì cả. Như, bạn có thể chỉ là rất thích mô hình ô tô. Thật ổn. Vâng, có rất nhiều doanh nghiệp mà bạn có thể xây dựng xung quanh mô hình ô tô. Nó giống như bạn có thể tạo ra– bạn có thể sản xuất mô hình ô tô. Bạn có thể có các dịch vụ xung quanh mô hình ô tô, làm cho chúng nhanh hơn vì một số người đua mô hình ô tô. Bạn có thể là một nhà sưu tập và bắt đầu chuyển nhượng mô hình ô tô. Như, bạn chỉ có thể tạo ra phương tiện truyền thông xung quanh cách xây dựng chúng và sau đó có một công ty truyền thông xung quanh nó. Như, có rất nhiều thành phần khác nhau của bất kỳ sự ám ảnh hoặc sở thích nào mà bạn có thể làm được. Tôi đã nói chuyện với, trong một trong những tập sắp tới của Mosey Tank, sắp ra mắt. Chúng tôi có một chàng trai yêu thích Dungeons & Dragons. Anh ấy là một người IT và chỉ yêu thích Dungeons & Dragons. Và anh ấy đã nói, “Tôi chỉ muốn điều này kiếm đủ tiền để tôi không phải làm IT.” Và– nhưng điều đó thật tinh khiết, bạn biết ý tôi không? Vì vậy, tôi đã nói, “Chúng tôi sẽ giúp bạn thực hiện điều này.” Và vì vậy chúng tôi đã đi qua kế hoạch kinh doanh cho nó. Nhưng như vậy, liệu anh ấy có trở thành tỷ phú không? Không, nhưng tôi cũng không nghĩ đó là mục tiêu của anh ấy. Và vì vậy, tôi nghĩ rằng việc rõ ràng về những gì bạn muốn là rất quan trọng. Vì vậy, nếu bạn nói, “Tôi muốn trở thành người giàu nhất thế giới.” Tôi nghĩ đó là một mục tiêu tồi tệ. Nhưng nếu bạn muốn điều đó, tuyệt lắm. Chà, bạn phải có một ý tưởng trị giá hàng triệu triệu đô. Bởi vì bây giờ– vì thời điểm đó xảy ra, đã có những công ty trị giá hàng triệu triệu đô rồi. Vì vậy, bạn phải nhìn vào như, tạo ra một cơ hội trị giá hàng triệu triệu đô. Và vì vậy, tin hay không, về cơ bản, mục tiêu càng lớn, phạm vi con đường để đạt được càng hẹp. Nếu bạn nói, “Tôi muốn kiếm 10 triệu đô la.” Tôi nói, “Bạn thực sự có thể làm điều đó trong hầu như bất kỳ doanh nghiệp nào.” Bạn muốn kiếm 100 triệu đô la? Có lẽ vẫn là hầu như bất kỳ doanh nghiệp nào bạn có thể làm được. Trong một khoảng thời gian đủ dài, bạn có thể làm được. Một triệu triệu hoặc hàng triệu triệu, nó sẽ là một loại công nghệ nào đó. Có lẽ nó sẽ có một loại AI nào đó. Và vì vậy, bạn có thể thấy rằng, mục tiêu càng lớn, phạm vi để đạt được càng hẹp. Nhưng phần lớn mọi người đều nói, “Tôi muốn trở thành người giàu nhất thế giới.” Đó chỉ là vì họ không biết cách suy nghĩ thực sự về điều đó. Và hãy bảo rằng, “Được rồi, sau khoảng 100 thì thực sự không có gì bạn không thể làm.” Ngoại trừ việc mua thêm nhiều thứ lớn hơn. Nhưng về tiêu thụ thực tế của bạn, thậm chí có thể là 20. Giống như, bạn chỉ có thể ăn ở những nhà hàng đắt đỏ đến mức nào đó. Bạn chỉ có thể ở tại những khách sạn tốt nhất. Bạn chỉ có thể lái những chiếc xe tốt nhất. Bạn có thể làm điều đó với khoảng 25 triệu. Bạn nghĩ mã cheat là gì? Vậy nên tôi có ý tưởng của mình. Bạn nghĩ mã cheat là gì vào năm 2025 để giành chiến thắng trong trò chơi chú ý? Có lẽ có một số quy tắc mới ở đây. Bởi vì chúng ta có AI, chúng ta có các nền tảng mới, chúng ta có các phương tiện truyền thông mới. Bạn biết đấy, tôi sẽ đưa cho bạn một ý tưởng kinh doanh giả định. Tôi sẽ trở thành một huấn luyện viên cá nhân. Và tôi chọn điều đó vì bất cứ ai cũng có thể làm. Và đó là một ngành nghề bão hòa.
    Nếu tôi là một huấn luyện viên cá nhân vào năm 2025, tôi nên suy nghĩ như thế nào về việc thu hút sự chú ý?
    Mm-hmm.
    Vậy trước tiên, tôi sẽ nói về những gì tôi sẽ không làm, đó là tôi không nghĩ rằng tôi sẽ cố gắng vượt qua những người làm khoa học.
    Bởi vì trừ khi bạn có một tấm bằng tiến sĩ, thì luôn có một người có bằng tiến sĩ khác, người đã rất cuốn hút và đang tạo ra nội dung.
    Và vì vậy, anh ấy hiểu biết hơn và có thân hình đẹp hơn bạn.
    Vì vậy, bạn sẽ không thắng được ở đó.
    Tôi nghĩ rằng trong trò chơi thu hút sự chú ý, điều quan trọng là tìm ra điều gì là độc đáo, đúng không?
    Và vậy làm thế nào để bạn nổi bật khi mọi người đều ồn ào?
    Điều này có thể nghe có vẻ sáo rỗng, nhưng dấu vân tay của bạn là duy nhất, theo nghĩa sinh học.
    Cuộc sống và những trải nghiệm của bạn cũng vậy.
    Và vì vậy, có một lợi thế thực sự hoặc lợi ích mà bạn có được bằng cách dựa vào chính mình, vượt mức nỗ lực bình thường.
    Và điều làm cho mỗi người trở nên độc đáo chính là điều làm cho nội dung của họ trở nên độc đáo.
    Vì vậy, cố gắng giống như, ồ, tôi muốn tạo nội dung giống như Alex có lẽ không phải là cách tốt nhất để làm việc đó, vì bạn sẽ không thể đánh bại tôi trong việc là tôi.
    Nhưng bạn sẽ đánh bại tôi trong việc là bạn.
    Vì vậy, thực chất là phong cách truyền thông của bạn.
    Đối với tôi, đó là, thương hiệu của tôi để mô hình hóa điều này là gì?
    Nó giống như, tôi có những yếu tố triết học trong thương hiệu của mình.
    Chà, liệu tôi có cần điều đó không?
    Không, nhưng đó chính là tôi.
    Rõ ràng, tôi nói rất nhiều về kinh doanh, tiếp thị và bán hàng, quảng cáo, chuyển đổi.
    Tất cả đều là những điều mà tôi dành nhiều thời gian để suy nghĩ.
    Và vì vậy, nhiều nội dung của tôi xoay quanh điều đó.
    Thể hình là một thành phần trong cuộc sống của tôi.
    Và vì vậy có một chút thể hình trong nội dung của tôi.
    Ngoài ra, tôi có xuất phát điểm từ lĩnh vực thể hình, với chương trình gym launch và các công ty mà tôi sở hữu trước đó.
    Vì vậy, điều đó sẽ có nghĩa là — và tôi có vợ là Layla.
    Và vì vậy, điều đó cũng đã được kết hợp vào.
    Và vì vậy, đó là những thành phần cơ bản trong cuộc sống của tôi.
    Và vì vậy đó là điều tỏa sáng trong nội dung của tôi.
    Tôi tiêu thụ rất nhiều hài kịch.
    Và vì vậy đôi khi bạn sẽ thấy một số sự hài hước khô khan và hài hước đen tối tỏa sáng qua.
    Nhưng đó chính là tôi.
    Bây giờ, bạn có tất cả những “thùng” nhỏ của riêng bạn.
    Và không chỉ những “thùng” đó là độc đáo, mà tỷ lệ giữa các “thùng” đó cũng sẽ khác nhau.
    Vì vậy, có thể triết lý của bạn lớn hơn nhiều hoặc có thể phần thể hình lớn hơn nhiều.
    Nhưng tôi nghĩ điều làm cho thương hiệu huấn luyện viên cá nhân thực sự độc đáo là việc dựa vào sự quan tâm của mọi người đối với bạn chỉ vì bạn là chính bạn.
    Và rồi bạn sẽ nói, à, tôi có đồ thể hình nếu bạn muốn mua từ tôi.
    Và tôi nghĩ phần quan trọng là phần lớn các sản phẩm và dịch vụ đã bị biến thành hàng hóa.
    Bạn có lẽ không thể tốt hơn đáng kể so với các huấn luyện viên khác, chỉ là thật lòng.
    Bạn có lẽ không phải.
    Nhưng bạn sẽ khác họ.
    Và chúng ta muốn dựa vào, tôi muốn mua đồ thể hình từ ai đó.
    Và vì vậy tôi có thể mua từ cô ấy hoặc tôi có thể mua từ anh ấy.
    Vì vậy, bạn đang lấy cơ bản là khán giả sẽ mua từ bất kỳ ai, nhưng thương hiệu của bạn sẽ khiến họ muốn mua từ bạn.
    Chúng ta nghĩ về Prime, ví dụ, với công ty đồ uống,
    Nó giống như một đồ uống mà có những sản phẩm khác đã tồn tại trên thị trường đáp ứng những thứ tương tự như Prime.
    Nhưng nếu bạn không phân biệt thương hiệu đó và bạn có sự kết nối với người sáng tạo đó, thì bạn sẽ như, ồ, vậy nếu tôi có hai thứ cơ bản bằng nhau và tôi chỉ thích người này hơn, tôi sẽ bỏ phiếu bằng tiền của mình ở đây.
    Và vì vậy tôi nghĩ rằng nếu bạn là một huấn luyện viên cá nhân vào năm 2025, điều đó sẽ là lâu dài, sẽ là xây dựng nội dung.
    Trong ngắn hạn, nó sẽ là tiếp cận những người mà bạn biết và đưa ra một lời đề nghị hấp dẫn để khiến mọi người muốn làm việc với bạn.
    Điểm chung lớn mà bạn đã nói về việc là chính mình, khi tôi nghĩ về nó, tôi đã nghĩ, trời ơi, bạn có biết không?
    Điều mà tất cả những người sáng tạo mà tôi yêu thích và những người sáng tạo thực sự thành công có điểm chung là họ đều có, và tôi sử dụng những từ này một cách có chủ đích, lòng dũng cảm để là chính mình.
    Bởi vì tôi nói với bạn điều này, khi tôi bắt đầu là một người sáng tạo nội dung, và nhìn lại, tôi đã chỉ cho một trong những thành viên trong đội của tôi những gì tôi từng đăng.
    Nó giống như mọi thứ xảy ra đều có lý do.
    Thật khó chịu, sáo rỗng, nhạt nhẽo.
    Và tôi đã mất vài năm để gần như tháo gỡ và nhận ra rằng trò chơi ở đây là đạt được điểm mà tôi có thể là chính mình trên internet.
    Và thực sự điều đó có giá trị cao nhất vì những gì bạn đã nói.
    Đó chính là phần độc đáo của tôi.
    Nhưng lòng dũng cảm để là chính mình.
    Và đó là chiến lược chiến thắng cho năm 2025.
    Và tôi nghĩ rằng tất cả đều liên quan đến việc dựa vào điều đó.
    Và điều là, mọi thứ trong bạn đều muốn không làm điều đó.
    Tôi không chắc tại sao.
    Nhưng tôi đã có một cuộc trò chuyện với Layla, tôi muốn nói là hai đêm trước hoặc ba đêm trước.
    Tôi đã nhận được sự phê bình rất nhiều cho một số bài viết trước đây mà tôi đã đăng.
    Và cô ấy chỉ nhìn tôi và nói, đừng bao giờ làm nhạt mình đi.
    Bởi vì tôi đã nghĩ, có thể tôi không nên nói về những điều này.
    Như là có thể tôi nên, bạn biết đấy, tôi sẽ không tham gia.
    Và cô ấy nói, đừng bao giờ làm nhạt mình đi.
    Có rất nhiều người cần thông điệp đó hơn là những người ghét thông điệp đó.
    Và cô ấy đã nói, và nếu bạn thực sự muốn tạo ra sự khác biệt trong cuộc sống của nhiều người, sẽ có một lực lượng đối kháng tương đương và phản đối những người muốn từ chối điều đó.
    Và cô ấy nói, điều này đến kèm theo lãnh thổ mà bạn muốn có ảnh hưởng lớn như thế nào.
    Và đó là một cuộc trò chuyện tuyệt vời về cuộc sống, một cuộc trò chuyện giữa vợ chồng.
    Mà tôi đoán đối với tôi vào cuối ngày, tôi chỉ cần cô ấy nghĩ tôi là người thú vị.
    Như là, bạn biết đấy, tôi sẽ tiếp tục làm điều này.
    Nhưng, nhưng đúng vậy, đó thực sự là bởi vì phiên bản nhạt nhẽo xuống đột ngột trở thành thứ của mọi người khác.
    À, bạn đã nói một chút trước đó, bạn không chắc tại sao điều đó lại như vậy.
    Nhưng theo định nghĩa của nó là độc đáo, điều đó có nghĩa là không có một bản kế hoạch nào.
    Vâng.
    Không có ai từng đến trước bạn và chứng minh rằng điều đó hiệu quả. Vì vậy, lòng dũng cảm để là chính mình, chỉ có một Stephen Bartlett. Nếu tôi thực sự là chính mình, điều đó chưa bao giờ được thực hiện trước đây. Điều đó có nghĩa là những rủi ro là không xác định. Những lợi ích cũng không xác định. Vâng. Nhưng quay trở lại với nỗi ghét sự không chắc chắn, tôi thấy việc cố gắng bắt chước bạn có ý nghĩa nhiều hơn, vì tôi có thể thấy một bản thiết kế ở đó, hơn là mạo hiểm để là chính mình. Và bạn là một người, tôi phải nói, đang mạo hiểm để là chính mình. Và thực ra, như một người đang quan sát bạn, giờ tôi biết bạn là ai. Và giờ tôi biết bạn không phải là ai. Điều đó quan trọng đối với tôi như một người theo dõi công việc của bạn. Vâng. Thực tế là tôi thấy tính nhất quán, vì tôi đã thiết lập giá trị của Alex Samozi. Vâng. Và bất cứ điều gì lệch ra khỏi điều đó thực sự sẽ ít giá trị hơn, vì như bạn nói, nó giống như mọi người khác hơn là những điều tôi đã có trước đây. Nhưng cũng không còn cảm thấy thật nữa. Vâng. Và đây là điều mà ngay cả khi là một người sáng tạo như tôi, tôi cũng phải dựa vào, đó là, khán giả của tôi biết tôi là ai bây giờ. Xấu hay tốt. Vâng. Họ không muốn học điều gì mới. Bạn biết đấy, điều đó thực sự thú vị khi điều hướng những vùng xám. Và có những lý tưởng mâu thuẫn. Đây là điều tôi quay lại khi tôi lo lắng về những loại vấn đề này, đó là, bạn có lòng nhân từ và bạn có công lý. Chúng somehow đối lập và chúng đều là những lý tưởng. Vậy làm thế nào mà chúng ta có thể tin vào công lý và cũng tin vào lòng nhân từ cùng một lúc? Và ý tôi là, còn có một cái khác, bạn có thể có sự đa dạng và tính nhất quán. Như có vô số ví dụ về điều này, đúng không? Và vì vậy, chúng ta có những lý tưởng đối lập hoàn toàn, điều này có nghĩa là nếu bạn từng nói, nhân tiện, tôi là một người có phần thích công lý hơn. Như tôi hiểu họ đã gặp khó khăn, nhưng đến một lúc nào đó bạn phải chịu trách nhiệm cá nhân của mình. Vì vậy, kiểu như, không, bạn sẽ không thoát khỏi biên bản phạt tốc độ. Bạn sẽ nhận được cái đó, đó là điều công bằng ở một khía cạnh khác. Nó như kiểu, cô mẹ đơn thân bị dừng lại vì lái xe quá tốc độ. Bạn biết đấy, có lẽ hôm nay chúng ta sẽ bỏ qua cho cô ấy. Cả hai câu chuyện đó đều công bằng. Nhưng bạn sẽ bị tấn công bởi phía bên kia có lý tưởng mà mọi người cố gắng theo đuổi. Và nó sẽ cảm thấy khủng khiếp vì họ đúng. Vậy thì sao? Và vì vậy tôi nghĩ rằng hiểu rằng sự xung đột đó sẽ luôn tồn tại giữa hai lý tưởng rõ ràng này, và đây là điều cơ bản mà chính trị là. Là có hai lý tưởng rõ ràng mà tất cả chúng ta, tôi sẽ nói là 99% mọi người sẽ nói rằng công lý là tốt, lòng nhân từ là tốt, sự đa dạng là tốt, tính nhất quán là tốt, đúng không? Tôn trọng giá trị là tốt, đổi mới và làm những điều mới cũng tốt. Làm thế nào chúng ta có thể có cả hai ý tưởng mâu thuẫn này và đồng thời điều hướng mà không có xung đột? Bạn không thể vì câu hỏi là bao nhiêu. Và vì vậy tôi nghĩ rằng dấu ấn của bạn như một người sáng tạo là khi ai đó đưa ra một kịch bản và nói, “Liệu Alex chọn lòng nhân từ hay công lý trong kịch bản này?” rằng khán giả của bạn nói rằng họ đã hiểu đúng. Và vì vậy tôi nghĩ về thương hiệu nói chung như một bức tranh ghép mà bạn có thể tạo ra. Và như vậy, mỗi mảnh nội dung là một viên gạch nhỏ có một màu sắc duy nhất. Và nếu bạn chỉ thấy một mảnh nội dung ngắn của Stephen Barlett, bạn không thực sự có ý tưởng ai là Stephen Barlett. Nhưng nếu bạn thấy hàng nghìn mảnh như vậy, ngay lập tức bạn sẽ thu nhỏ lại và nhìn thấy toàn cảnh. Và tôi nghĩ rằng những màu sắc có trong những bức tranh ghép đó và tỷ lệ bao nhiêu màu vàng, bao nhiêu màu đỏ, bao nhiêu màu xanh lá, và chúng ở đâu là điều cuối cùng tạo nên thương hiệu. Và vì vậy, vì mọi người muốn cố gắng biến điều này thành, “Được rồi, tôi đăng một bài về gia đình. Tôi đăng một bài về tài chính. Tôi đăng một bài về bất cứ điều gì,” đúng không? Nó giống như, tôi không nghĩ đó là cách hoạt động. Tôi nghĩ bạn chỉ cần là chính mình và rồi những tỷ lệ đó sẽ tự nhiên được thể hiện ra và cũng theo thời gian bạn sẽ thay đổi. Và vì vậy, cũng hợp lý rằng thương hiệu của bạn sẽ thay đổi. Và đó cũng là một điều khác mà tôi đã phải hòa hợp, đó là, “Chờ đã, tôi không biết nếu tôi đồng ý nhiều với một số điều mà tôi đã nói 10 năm trước.” Vì vấn đề là trong thế giới kỹ thuật số. Như podcast đầu tiên của tôi là vào tháng 7 năm 2017. – Wow. – Tập thứ tám có tên là “Ngừng Thương Hiệu.” Tôi đã thay đổi quan điểm của mình về thương hiệu để rõ ràng. Nhưng podcast đầu tiên đó là 90 ngày sau khi tôi mất mọi thứ. Và vì vậy toàn bộ hành trình như Hermosi, nếu bạn muốn gọi là từ con số không đến tỷ đô, thực sự được ghi lại 90 ngày từ con số không. Tất cả đều ở đó. Và vì vậy bạn có thể thấy cách mà quan điểm của tôi về kinh doanh đã thay đổi và như những gì tôi đang suy nghĩ ở mỗi phần của cuộc sống. Và vì vậy tôi đã phải chấp nhận ý tưởng rằng, tôi sẽ thay đổi suy nghĩ của mình vì tôi sẽ nhận được thông tin mới. Bởi vì hãy lấy lập trường ngược lại. Nếu tôi nhận được thông tin mới, liệu tôi có chỉ tiếp tục nhắc lại những gì bạn đã làm trước đó? Đây cũng là một vấn đề với chính trị. Nhưng tôi chỉ nói như, anh ta thay đổi ý kiến thất thường. Nó giống như, như vậy họ không được phép học hỏi? – Vâng. – Bạn đã có mặt trong chính trị 20 năm, như vậy bạn không học được điều gì sao? Như không có lập trường nào thay đổi? Như tôi cảm thấy chúng ta nên có thể làm được điều đó. Và rõ ràng là thương hiệu không hoạt động theo cách đó. Vì vậy điều đó phải diễn ra từ từ theo thời gian, mà tôi nghĩ nếu bạn luôn là chính mình ở mọi lúc, điều đó sẽ diễn ra từ từ theo thời gian. – Vâng. Tôi không biết. Tôi nghĩ rất nhiều thời gian chúng ta kết thúc việc tập trung quá mức vào những người không hợp lý, đó là một cuộc chiến mà chúng ta không bao giờ có thể thắng được. – Vâng. – Bởi vì bạn nói điều đó với tôi. Tôi nghĩ, tôi nghĩ có vẻ như, tôi có một người này, nhà trị liệu trên podcast của tôi, người mà tôi đã nói chuyện sau podcast. Và anh ấy cơ bản đã giải thích cho tôi. Anh ấy nói có 20% người sẽ thực sự yêu mọi điều bạn làm. – Vâng.
    – Như bạn có thể nói bất cứ điều gì, bạn sẽ thay đổi tôi, họ đang sợ hãi, họ chỉ là những người hâm mộ cuồng nhiệt.
    – Đúng vậy.
    – Có 80% người thực sự như vậy, anh ấy nói có 60% người thực sự hợp lý.
    – Đúng vậy.
    – Họ không nói.
    – Đúng vậy.
    – Họ chỉ xem, họ như là hợp lý.
    – Đó là đa số im lặng.
    Người dân bất kể bạn làm gì, họ sẽ như vậy.
    Điều này giống như đừng dành cả cuộc đời bạn để tập trung vào 20%.
    Đại đa số im lặng, 60%, họ không tweet.
    Họ không chỉ thư giãn.
    Và sau đó là 20%, bạn biết đấy, họ là những người truyền bá.
    Nhưng, bạn biết đấy, tôi nhận thấy mình bị rơi vào cái bẫy của…
    – Vậy điều thú vị về 20% là như thế nào, tôi đã nghĩ về điều này hôm nay.
    Bạn đã, dù bạn là ai, bạn sẽ bị ghét, hết sức.
    Bởi vì không ai được mọi người thích.
    Vì vậy, chúng ta chỉ cần nghe, nếu chúng ta có thể chấp nhận điều đó như một tiền đề, đúng không?
    Không ai sẽ được mọi người yêu thích.
    Bạn thà bị ghét vì là chính bạn hơn là bị ghét vì là người khác.
    – Amen.
    – Đúng không?
    – Amen.
    – Ở cấp độ cơ bản nhất.
    Việc bị ghét là một chi phí cố định.
    – Đúng vậy.
    – Đúng không?
    – Đúng vậy.
    – Và tôi nghĩ khi nhìn từ góc độ ngược lại, tôi nghĩ rằng việc bị ghét vì là chính mình thì tốt hơn nhiều so với việc được yêu thích vì là người mà bạn không phải.
    – Đúng vậy.
    Và một trong những doanh nhân vĩ đại mà tôi đã phỏng vấn trên podcast đã nói với tôi rằng, khi nói đến marketing và branding và cuộc trò chuyện về sự chú ý mà chúng ta đang có, cô ấy đã nói với tôi rằng để đạt được 80% của bạn, bạn phải sẵn sàng làm phiền 20% của bạn, hoặc ít nhất là sẵn lòng làm họ bực bội.
    – Đúng vậy.
    – Đó là Jane Warung, người sáng lập Demologica, thương hiệu sắc đẹp toàn cầu.
    – Ồ, thú vị.
    – Tôi nghĩ là hàng trăm nghìn người.
    Và cô ấy ngồi và nói rằng để đạt được 80% của bạn, bạn phải sẵn sàng làm phiền.
    Không, thực ra, chết tiệt.
    Cô ấy đã nói rằng để đạt được 20% của bạn, bạn phải sẵn sàng làm phiền 80%.
    – Mm.
    – Và từ góc độ thương hiệu, điều đó có nhiều ý nghĩa vì khi bạn đứng lên cho một điều gì đó rõ ràng, như bạn đã làm, bạn vô tình đứng chống lại.
    – Bạn phải.
    Nếu bạn vạch ra một đường, sẽ có một bên ở cả hai bên và bạn phải nói như, tôi ở bên này.
    – Bạn đã thấy quảng cáo Nike đó chưa?
    – Người bạn, tôi vừa định nói điều đó.
    Tôi vừa định nói điều đó.
    Đúng vậy, quảng cáo Willem Dafoe.
    – Đúng vậy.
    – Giống như của bạn là của tôi và của tôi là của tôi.
    – Đúng vậy.
    – Vâng, thực sự là lần đầu tiên tôi thấy điều gì đó từ Nike trong một thời gian dài mà tôi nói, đây chính là điều đã xây dựng nên sức lan tỏa.
    Và tôi nghĩ họ đã lạc hướng một thời gian dài.
    – Đúng vậy.
    – Với tình trạng wokeism và tất cả những thứ đó.
    Và tôi nghĩ rằng Nike có nghĩa là chiến thắng, mà có nghĩa là một số người phải thất bại.
    – Đúng vậy.
    – Và họ đã sẵn sàng nói điều đó lần đầu tiên trong lịch sử.
    – Đúng.
    – Tôi đã đăng nó trên LinkedIn của mình và đó là 50/50.
    – Đúng.
    – Tôi nói thật, thực sự là khoảng 80% người là trung lập hoặc bực bội.
    – Thật sao?
    – Đúng, và 20% người nói, đó là tôi.
    Tôi là một người của Nike.
    Và đối với tôi, khi tôi thấy điều đó, tôi nghĩ, tôi muốn mua một vài chiếc quần short Nike.
    – Đúng, tôi cũng vậy, có nghĩa là lần đầu tiên tôi thực sự cảm thấy tôi đã xác định được sự đồng cảm với thương hiệu từ lâu rồi.
    – Con người quan trọng như thế nào trong trò chơi xây dựng và khởi đầu này?
    – Rất quan trọng.
    – Câu hỏi tuyển dụng.
    – Đúng, đúng.
    – Tôi sẽ cho bạn biết lý do tại sao tôi hỏi câu hỏi này, bởi vì khi tôi nhìn vào danh mục của mình, những người sáng lập giai đoạn đầu dường như không bao giờ hiểu tầm quan trọng của việc thuê người.
    – Đúng vậy.
    – Và tôi đã va đầu vào tường cố gắng thuyết phục họ rằng thực sự trò chơi mà họ đang chơi nằm trong từ công ty, nhóm người.
    – Đúng vậy.
    Vì vậy, tôi sẽ bắt đầu từ một điều, và sau đó tôi sẽ vào câu hỏi.
    Tôi đã nói chuyện với một người cố vấn của tôi, và anh ấy đã nói, khi tôi ở tuổi 20, tất cả đều là về đích đến.
    Anh ấy đã nói, khi tôi đến tuổi 30, tôi nhận ra tất cả đều là về hành trình.
    Anh ấy đã nói, khi tôi ở tuổi 40, tôi nhận ra nó là về công ty.
    Và tôi đã nghĩ, tôi không thể chờ đến khi bạn 50.
    Đó là điều tiếp theo, đúng không?
    Nhưng tôi nghĩ đó là một sự chuyển biến sâu sắc về cách mà anh ấy nghĩ về thành công doanh nghiệp của mình, bởi vì anh ấy đã nói, tôi không cần phải là một bộ sưu tập tỷ phú.
    Tôi thấy ổn với những gì tôi đang có.
    Và giờ tôi chỉ muốn làm điều đó với những người mà tôi thích.
    Về câu hỏi về con người nói chung, tôi tin rằng tiềm năng của một tổ chức có tương quan trực tiếp với sức mạnh trí tuệ tổng hợp của tất cả mọi người trong đó.
    Vì vậy, nếu bạn là người thông minh nhất trong doanh nghiệp, và bạn có thể làm tốt công việc của mọi người tốt hơn bất kỳ ai trong công ty của bạn, thì điều đó có nghĩa là giới hạn của doanh nghiệp chỉ dựa trên sức mạnh của một người và trải nghiệm sống của một người.
    Và đó sẽ là giới hạn.
    Và về cơ bản, không quan trọng bạn thông minh đến đâu.
    Bạn không thể sống 100 kiếp.
    Như bạn có thể học nhanh chóng.
    Chắc chắn, có một số người có thể học nhanh hơn những người khác, nhưng bạn sẽ không thể sống 1.000 kiếp.
    Vì vậy, khi một doanh nghiệp phát triển, cần có nhiều chuyên môn hơn.
    Và tôi nghĩ bài kiểm tra đơn giản nhất cho điều này là nếu bạn nhìn vào những người giàu nhất thế giới, hầu như không ai trong số họ sở hữu 100% doanh nghiệp của họ.
    Vì vậy, số một, hầu hết trong số họ thậm chí không sở hữu 50%.
    Như hầu hết chỉ là những phần trăm nhỏ.
    Jensen sở hữu 4% của NVIDIA.
    Basis là 7 hoặc 9% của Amazon.
    Tôi nghĩ Elon là 20% của Tesla, như tỷ lệ phần trăm nhỏ.
    Và đó là vì cần nhiều sức mạnh để đưa một cỗ xe đến mặt trăng, đúng không?
    Và vì vậy, về cơ bản, khi bạn đưa vào nhiều sức mạnh trí tuệ hơn, đỉnh tiềm năng của doanh nghiệp tăng lên rất nhiều, rất nhanh.
    Keith Rebois từ, ông là một trong những người gốc của nhóm PayPal mafia, có một phép ẩn dụ rất tốt cho điều này.
    Và ông nói về nó về việc những cái thùng và đạn dược.
    Và ông ấy nói, ngay khi bạn có được một vài sản phẩm phù hợp với thị trường, doanh nghiệp bắt đầu phát triển, và bạn nói, OK, chúng tôi cần bắt đầu chuyển hàng nhanh hơn.
    Và điều này cũng tương tự với một doanh nghiệp dịch vụ, doanh nghiệp sản phẩm vật lý, doanh nghiệp phần mềm. Khái niệm là như nhau. Và điều xảy ra là bạn thuê rất nhiều người và bạn giả định rằng sản lượng của bạn sẽ tăng tương ứng. Vì vậy, chúng ta có 10 người, chúng ta thuê 50 người, chúng ta nên tăng gấp 5 lần sản lượng của mình. Và rồi bạn sẽ nhanh chóng nhận ra rằng đó không phải là trường hợp. Và vì vậy, điều xảy ra là có những người là giới hạn tốc độ cho một tổ chức, và những người đó giống như những thùng chứa. Hãy nghĩ về một thùng chứa từ thời Nội chiến, bạn biết đấy, những khẩu đại bác cũ, và bạn có những viên đạn bên cạnh nó. Ông ấy nói hầu hết mọi người đều là đạn dược. Và vì vậy, bạn mang thêm đạn, nhưng bạn vẫn bị giới hạn bởi sức chứa của một thùng chứa, số lượng phát bắn mà thùng chứa có thể tạo ra. Và vì vậy, bạn cần tìm thêm nhiều thùng chứa. Bạn phải đi từ một thùng đến hai thùng, hai thùng đến ba thùng, và điều đó trở thành một sự gia tăng về năng lực hoặc sản lượng cho tổ chức. Và rất ít người trong số đó. Trong một điều khác, tôi không thể nhớ rõ luật, nhưng đó là một số luật tổ chức, nhưng căn bậc hai của số người trong một công ty tạo ra 50% công việc. Vì vậy, nếu bạn có 100 người trong một tổ chức, thì 10 người chịu trách nhiệm cho 50% giá trị được tạo ra. -Chính xác. -Đúng. Ai đã ở trong tình huống như vậy, bạn như, như một bài giảng. Và điều quan trọng là, tôi nghĩ rằng trò chơi thực sự của sự khởi nghiệp là tiêu chuẩn của bạn dần dần tăng lên theo thời gian. Và điều đó thật không may, vì chúng ta nghe những điều mà các doanh nhân khác nói với chúng ta. Tất cả đều là về con người, thật ngốc nghếch. Và rồi bạn như, chắc rồi, nhưng hãy nhìn vào của tôi, và giống như, không, bạn không nghe thấy điều đó. Và tôi không biết có một số điều, tôi nghĩ Williamson nói về điều này, làm thế nào mà có những bài học mà vì lý do nào đó, dường như chúng ta phải học cho chính mình. Tôi vẫn tin rằng điều đó giống như, chúng ta có thể hiện thực hóa điều này ở mức độ thấp hơn để chúng ta không phải tự học cho chính mình. Nhưng tôi chắc chắn, tôi chưa tìm ra nó. Vì vậy, mọi doanh nhân đều có thể đồng cảm với điều này, đó là mọi doanh nghiệp mà tôi đã bắt đầu, tôi đã đạt được thành công của doanh nghiệp trước nhanh hơn rất nhiều. Và tôi liên tưởng điều này với một trò chơi video, nơi bạn giống như đã vượt qua cấp độ một, và sau đó, bạn biết đấy, bạn đến cấp độ hai và giống như bạn dành nhiều tháng để cố gắng đánh bại tên trùm này và cuối cùng bạn tìm ra cách để đánh bại tên trùm. Và giống như, tuyệt vời. Và sau đó bạn dành thêm ba tháng để đánh bại tên trùm ba. Và giả sử bạn bắt đầu trò chơi lại với một nhân vật mới. Giống như bạn đã nhanh chóng vượt qua cấp độ một, hai, và ba. Và sau đó bạn đến cấp độ bốn. Và bạn như, giờ tôi phải dành thời gian. Giống như, đất chưa khai thác. Giống như, tôi không biết làm thế nào để đánh bại điều này nữa. Và vì vậy, tôi nghĩ rằng điều đó xảy ra trong việc tìm kiếm kiểu mẫu cho kỹ năng và tài năng trong một tổ chức. Vì vậy, hãy nói lại điều đó. Vì vậy, nếu bạn có các chức năng trong một tổ chức, có những người sẽ thúc đẩy kết quả trong chức năng đó. Và lần đầu tiên bạn thuê một nhân viên kinh doanh, chẳng hạn, bạn không biết bạn đang tìm kiếm điều gì. Và vì vậy bạn chỉ tuyển một người nào đó nói họ có thể bán. Và có thể họ có thể, có thể họ không thể. Và sau đó bạn quay vòng, bạn cố gắng đào tạo họ. Điều đó không hiệu quả, có hiệu quả, bất kể điều gì. Và sau đó cuối cùng bạn, giả sử bạn đã trải qua ba nhân viên bán hàng và cuối cùng bạn tìm thấy một người xuất sắc. Và sau đó bạn có sự nhận biết về mẫu. Bạn như, được rồi, đó là điều tôi đang tìm kiếm. Và sau đó đột nhiên bạn cố gắng và tiếp cận người đó hoặc kiểu mẫu đó nhiều nhất có thể. Và vì vậy khi bạn bắt đầu công ty thứ hai của mình, bạn như, Oh, tôi có thể nhanh chóng tuyển dụng nhân viên bán hàng vì tôi biết tôi đang tìm kiếm điều gì. Nhưng sau đó bạn như, ôi, tôi chưa thực sự xác định được quản lý bán hàng. Và vì vậy rồi bạn quay vòng, bạn bắt đầu, bạn bắt đầu chém đi chém lại với tên trùm và sau đó bạn phải kết thúc việc sa thải tên trùm ở cấp độ đó vì bạn như, ôi chao, điều này không hiệu quả. Và sau đó sáu tháng trôi qua vì bạn phải tìm họ hoặc nhanh chóng thuê họ và đào tạo họ và rồi phát hiện họ không hiệu quả và sau đó bắt đầu lại. Và có thể mất 18 tháng để thực sự tìm ra người quản lý bán hàng đúng. Và sau đó bạn như, ok, tôi biết điều đó trông như thế nào, nhưng tôi vẫn chưa có giám đốc tiếp thị. Điều đó trông như thế nào? Và vì vậy, cơ bản là phát triển sự nhận biết về mẫu này trong tất cả các chức năng của doanh nghiệp để bạn biết điều gì là xuất sắc. Và theo thời gian, điều sẽ xảy ra là khi một doanh nghiệp phát triển, khả năng thu hút tài năng của bạn cũng tăng lên. Và vì vậy thì tiêu chuẩn của bạn cũng tăng lên. Và sau đó bạn phát hiện ra rằng còn nhiều sắc thái hơn về điều này, đó là có một giám đốc bán hàng ở mức một đến mười triệu đô, điều này trông khác với một người từ mười đến một trăm triệu đô. Và điều này tiếp tục diễn ra cho đến nhiều hơn nữa. Và vì vậy, cơ bản là xây dựng tập hợp các kỹ năng xác định các mẫu. Và nếu bạn nói chuyện với những doanh nhân có kinh nghiệm hơn bây giờ, họ không nói về việc xây dựng doanh nghiệp. Nó giống như lắp ghép chúng lại. Bạn chỉ lắp ghép các mảnh và bạn chỉ biết rằng đây là cách mọi thứ sẽ kết hợp với nhau. Và điều đó về cơ bản là những gì tôi cố gắng giải mã trong nội dung mà tôi có. Để bạn có thể, đây là một mẫu để nhận biết điều này. Đây là một mẫu để nhận biết điều này để bạn có thể nhanh chóng vượt qua các cấp độ để đến nơi bạn muốn đến. Và vì vậy, để quay trở lại câu hỏi ban đầu, điều đó là con người quan trọng như thế nào trong một tổ chức? Con người là tổ chức. Và vì vậy, nếu bạn từng muốn xây dựng giá trị doanh nghiệp, đó là xây dựng ý thức tập thể của tổ chức, các kỹ năng và cách họ hợp tác với nhau hướng tới một kết quả cụ thể. Và vì vậy, biết cách tổ chức điều đó là công việc. Tôi nghĩ lý do tại sao những người sáng lập lần đầu cảm thấy họ phải học bài học này là vì mọi điều bạn vừa nói đều là một điều không biết.
    Cứ như thể họ không hề biết rằng họ không biết điều đó.
    Vì thế họ vấp ngã.
    Họ thuê người bán hàng chỉ vì đó là bạn bè từ thời trung học,
    và rồi họ phải trải qua nỗi đau.
    Tôi nói điều này vì tôi rất đam mê với điều đó.
    Tôi đã trải qua những điều tồi tệ tương tự.
    Tôi đã thuê người bạn làm việc tại Prada để trở thành đại diện của chúng tôi.
    Tôi đã thuê một anh chàng.
    Tôi gặp anh ta trong một trận rap battle để làm Giám đốc Marketing, người mà,
    thực sự đang chơi video games để kiếm sống khi 30 tuổi.
    Và tôi đã phải trải qua toàn bộ việc này.
    Có thể ba, bốn năm vào doanh nghiệp đầu tiên,
    tôi tình cờ thuê được một người tuyệt vời mà không hề có ý định từ tôi.
    Tình cờ, tôi thấy tác động lớn mà họ có.
    Và tôi nghĩ, ôi Chúa ơi, trong những năm tiếp theo,
    tôi học được rằng trò chơi, trò chơi cơ bản ở đây là, như bạn đã nói,
    tập hợp nhóm người tốt nhất.
    Làm thế nào, nếu tôi là một người sáng lập lần đầu,
    có thể đặt một hệ thống để chắc chắn rằng,
    dù tôi không biết một người bán hàng giỏi trông như thế nào,
    dù tôi không biết một người xuất sắc trông như thế nào,
    tôi vẫn thu hút họ vào công ty của tôi.
    Cách đơn giản nhất để làm điều đó,
    vì vậy cách đơn giản nhất để thu hút ai đó vào doanh nghiệp của bạn
    khi bạn không biết cách làm công việc hay biết tìm ai
    là đáng tiếc làm công việc đó chính bạn.
    Và sau khi bạn có thể phân tích công việc,
    chúng tôi theo dõi quy trình 3D, đó là tài liệu, chứng minh, và sao chép.
    Đó là cách chúng tôi đào tạo bất cứ ai.
    Vì vậy, đầu tiên bạn phải tài liệu hóa mọi điều bạn làm để thực hiện công việc thành công.
    Và từng bước vào một danh sách kiểm tra.
    Sau đó bạn chứng minh.
    Vì vậy, bạn thực hiện danh sách kiểm tra này trước mặt người mà bạn đang cố gắng đưa vào.
    Sau đó họ sao chép, họ làm danh sách kiểm tra trước mặt bạn.
    Điều thú vị về quy trình 3 bước đó là bạn sẽ thường thấy,
    khi bạn cố gắng chứng minh theo danh sách kiểm tra,
    bạn không tuân theo danh sách kiểm tra của mình.
    Và vì vậy bạn phải điều chỉnh danh sách kiểm tra
    cho đến khi bạn thực sự tuân theo danh sách kiểm tra đó.
    Và khi bạn có thể liên tục tuân theo danh sách kiểm tra đó và đạt được kết quả,
    thì bạn có thể để họ làm danh sách kiểm tra đó.
    Và tôi nghĩ đây là lý do tại sao những người sáng lập tự lực,
    tôi nghĩ thường sẽ thấy,
    họ có xu hướng biết nhiều hơn về nhiều thứ
    bởi vì họ phải học chúng để dạy lại.
    Giờ, điều thực sự thú vị về điều bạn đã nói về việc tình cờ tìm thấy
    người tài giỏi sau ba hoặc bốn năm,
    là tôi nghĩ điều đó xảy ra với hầu hết mọi người.
    À, hy vọng rằng những người cuối cùng thành công, điều đó xảy ra với hầu hết mọi người.
    Vì thế bạn nhận ra, ôi Chúa ơi,
    nếu tôi có bốn người như vậy, chúng tôi có thể thay đổi thế giới.
    Cho phép tôi nói thêm một điều nữa?
    Sự khải thị khác mà tôi đã có là những ngôi sao sẽ thuê những ngôi sao khác.
    Và vì vậy tôi nghĩ tên cô ấy là Katie Leeson.
    Trong số 10 người mà cô ấy sau đó thuê,
    chín người trong số đó đã trở thành những người xuất sắc nhất trong công ty của tôi.
    Và tôi cũng không muốn nói tên anh ta, nhưng một người khác trong doanh nghiệp của tôi,
    một người chơi hạng C trong số 10 người anh ta thuê,
    thì anh ta và mọi người anh ta thuê đều ổn.
    Vì vậy, khi bạn tiến lên trong tổ chức với các cuộc tuyển dụng, rủi ro và phần thưởng gia tăng.
    Và đó là điều mà nhiều người không thích nói đến, nhưng tôi sẽ.
    Đó là, nếu bạn thuê ai đó và giả sử rằng họ không phù hợp với văn hóa,
    có thể họ có kỹ năng.
    Hoặc họ phù hợp với văn hóa nhưng không có kỹ năng.
    Và họ là một nhà lãnh đạo, điều bạn thường thấy và thật tệ là mọi người,
    thực sự giống như một cái cây có một nhành hoàn toàn thối rửa.
    Thực sự là bạn phải lấy đi ba phần tư những gì ở bên dưới
    bởi vì bạn nhận ra rằng họ không hiệu quả
    hoặc họ chỉ đơn giản là đi ngược lại sứ mệnh thực sự của doanh nghiệp.
    Và điều đó thật đáng sợ và khủng khiếp.
    Nhưng tôi cố gắng đưa ra phép ẩn dụ này cho đội ngũ của tôi bởi vì chúng tôi đã phải làm điều đó trong mỗi doanh nghiệp.
    Nó xảy ra, đó chỉ là một phần của kinh doanh, nếu ai đó đi đến quán bar
    và bạn ở trong câu lạc bộ và ai đó tích lũy,
    nó chỉ là gọi đồ uống cho tất cả mọi người, đồ uống, đồ uống, đồ uống, đồ uống, đồ uống.
    Và sau đó anh chàng đó bỏ đi, anh ta rời đi.
    Chúng ta đều phải trả hóa đơn.
    Trong khoảnh khắc khi chúng ta trả hóa đơn, khi chúng ta loại bỏ những phần không cần thiết,
    khi chúng ta loại bỏ những điều thối rữa khỏi tổ chức, cảm giác thật khổ sở.
    Nhưng cơn đau đó không phải vì việc loại bỏ những điều thối rữa là xấu,
    mà là vì chúng ta đã trồng nó trên nền đất xấu
    hoặc vì anh ta đã gọi tất cả những đồ uống này nhưng không thể chi trả nổi.
    Và tôi có một phép ẩn dụ khác vì tôi thực sự muốn truyền đạt điều này
    bởi vì tôi nghĩ rằng nó quan trọng, là trong thế giới quan hệ,
    nếu một người vợ nói với người chồng, “Này, tôi đã lừa dối bạn, tôi đã có một cuộc tình,”
    thời điểm đó thực sự đau đớn cho cả hai bên.
    Và vì vậy điều đó khiến bạn nghĩ, “Ôi, điều này thật sai trái khi nói sự thật.”
    Nhưng không sai khi nói sự thật.
    Điều sai là lừa dối.
    Khi bạn nói sự thật là khi bạn làm cho điều đó trở nên đúng.
    Và vì vậy cơn đau mà bạn thường phải trải qua trong tổ chức cảm thấy sai,
    nhưng thực sự đúng vì bạn đang sửa chữa một điều sai, và đó là nơi cơn đau xảy ra.
    Và đó là lý do tại sao nhiều doanh nghiệp bị kẹt là vì họ có cuộc tình này,
    họ có người này và họ không sẵn sàng có cuộc trò chuyện khó khăn
    hoặc nhiều cuộc trò chuyện để làm cho điều đó trở nên đúng và họ đứng im trong nhiều năm.
    Đây là một phẩm chất khác của những nhà sáng lập thành công mà tôi đã nhận thấy
    đó là những gì bạn vừa nói là khả năng có cuộc trò chuyện khó khăn sớm hơn.
    Và trong danh mục đầu tư của tôi nơi có những nhà sáng lập lần đầu, họ đến với tôi
    và trong cuộc họp hàng tháng của chúng tôi nói, “Trời ạ, có người này đang điều hành bộ phận thương mại điện tử
    và anh ta quá tệ đến nỗi tôi phải làm công việc cho anh ta.
    Tôi phải làm gì về vấn đề này, Steve? Bạn nghĩ sao?”
    Nhưng sau đó họ trở lại với tôi hai tuần sau và họ nói, “Anh ta vẫn còn ở đó.”
    Đúng vậy. Và một năm sau và bạn như, “Vẫn là John.”
    Và bạn như, “Chúng ta đang nói về điều gì ở đây?”
    Tôi nhớ đã hỏi trong một cuộc họp như vậy, “John có biết rằng bạn không hài lòng với anh ta không?”
    Ôi, có.
    Không.
    Có một sự không hài lòng thầm lặng mà tôi nghĩ là như một căn bệnh, đúng không?
    Đúng rồi. Và điều mà không ai muốn thảo luận là thực tế rằng mọi người khác đều biết John kém cỏi
    và điều đó trở thành tiêu chuẩn tối thiểu cho những gì được chấp nhận như sự xuất sắc trong tổ chức.
    Vì vậy, nếu thương hiệu là danh tiếng của bạn bên ngoài, tôi nghĩ rằng văn hóa giống như danh tiếng bên trong.
    Và tôi định nghĩa văn hóa, được đưa vào thực hiện, bởi vì tôi nghĩ rằng văn hóa là một từ quá mơ hồ.
    Điều đó có nghĩa là gì?
    Đó là những quy tắc điều chỉnh sự củng cố trong một tổ chức.
    Chúng ta thưởng gì? Chúng ta phạt gì?
    Và điều thực tế là mọi người có giá trị vì chúng là những thuật ngữ tổng hợp
    bao gồm nhiều hành vi khác nhau.
    Nếu tôi nói Rolls Royce có thể có một giá trị nào đó mà chất lượng quan trọng hơn tốc độ, có thể như vậy, đúng không?
    Và họ sẽ có điều đó, nhưng ai đó sẽ phải nói: “Vậy điều đó có nghĩa là gì?”
    Đúng không?
    Chúng tôi hy vọng rằng chúng tôi sử dụng điều này như một bộ lọc ra quyết định để nó ảnh hưởng đến hành vi trong mọi tình huống,
    như vậy khi bạn đang ở trong tình huống “Tôi có nên đi nhanh hơn không? Tôi có nên làm cho nó đúng không?”
    Bạn làm cho nó đúng.
    Có những tổ chức khác, giống như công lý và lòng thương xót, tốc độ và chất lượng.
    Cả hai đều quan trọng, và đôi khi chúng đối lập nhau hoàn toàn.
    Vì vậy, chúng ta phải nói: “Chúng ta ngồi ở đâu trong khoảng xám để có thể sao chép việc ra quyết định trong toàn tổ chức
    để chúng ta có thể duy trì văn hóa?”
    Và vì vậy văn hóa, bạn biết đấy, sự không phân lớp thì rất nhiều, nhưng văn hóa, tôi nghĩ đây là một câu trích dẫn của Drucker, thực sự.
    Văn hóa vượt trội chiến lược, như hai lần một tuần và mỗi ngày Chủ nhật.
    Nếu bạn có một chiến lược tầm thường nhưng một văn hóa đáng kinh ngạc, bạn sẽ nghiền nát ai đó có một chiến lược tuyệt vời
    và một văn hóa tồi tệ, vì văn hóa dẫn đến hiệu suất và thực hiện.
    Và hầu hết mọi doanh nghiệp đều bị giới hạn bởi thực hiện, không phải chiến lược.
    Hầu hết các chiến lược kinh doanh không phức tạp như vậy.
    Như, hãy làm một công việc thật tốt, tốt đến nỗi mọi người sẽ nói với bạn bè về chúng tôi,
    và miễn là chúng tôi có đủ biên lợi nhuận gộp, chúng tôi sẽ kiếm tiền.
    Điều đó không khó như vậy, đúng không?
    Chỉ là việc thực hiện nó mới là phần khó khăn.
    Và vì vậy khi chúng ta có những điều này, chúng là những quy tắc đã nói và chưa nói, chủ yếu là chưa nói.
    Nếu ai đó đến muộn ba phút so với một cuộc họp và có 10 người trong cuộc họp và đó là cuộc họp marketing và tôi có mặt ở đó,
    nếu tôi không nói gì, tôi đã nói rằng chúng ta có một quy tắc không nói rằng nếu ai đó đến muộn ba phút thì cũng không sao.
    Tôi đã củng cố quy tắc đó.
    Bây giờ, nếu tôi không phạt hành vi đó hoặc ít nhất là chỉ ra điều đó, tôi đã củng cố nó.
    Mặt khác, nếu ai đó vào và tôi chửi mắng họ,
    đó cũng là một cách để thay đổi hành vi, có thể không phải là cách đúng để làm điều đó.
    Nhưng tôi có thể, như, bạn sẽ làm gì trong tình huống đó?
    Nếu ai đó đến muộn ba phút, trước tiên, bạn có thể đứng bên cạnh người đó
    và nói: “Này, tôi không biết liệu bạn có nhận ra rằng bạn đã đến muộn ba phút không?
    Điều gì đã xảy ra?”
    Và họ sẽ nói: “Tôi đang có cuộc gọi với khách hàng. Nó kéo dài. Tôi rất xin lỗi.”
    Hoặc, “Tôi đang có một cuộc gọi bán hàng.”
    Đối với tôi và tổ chức của tôi, khách hàng và bán hàng sẽ được ưu tiên.
    Vì vậy, nếu bạn có một cuộc họp và bạn đang có một cuộc bán hàng và bạn sắp chốt nó, hãy chốt bán hàng, đúng không?
    Nhưng nếu bạn chỉ ngồi làm việc không và chúng tôi có cuộc họp này, thì đây là ưu tiên.
    Và vì vậy lần tới khi chúng ta gặp lại, tôi sẽ nói: “Này, các bạn, tôi chỉ muốn giải quyết một điều gì đó.”
    John đến muộn.
    Anh ấy đến muộn vì một cuộc gọi bán hàng.
    Hoặc khi tôi nhắn tin cho anh ấy ngay khi anh ấy đến muộn, tôi sẽ nói: “Này, hãy chắc chắn rằng bạn nói điều đó.”
    Rồi sau đó tôi sẽ nói: “Này, các bạn, xin lỗi tôi đến muộn. Tôi đã có một cuộc gọi bán hàng.”
    Và sau đó tôi sẽ nói: “Không sao. Bạn ổn rồi. Luôn luôn đi kiếm tiền.”
    Và sau đó tôi đang củng cố điều đúng đắn.
    Đúng không?
    Và vì vậy tôi nghĩ rằng chúng tôi rất chú trọng vào việc phản hồi nhanh trong thời điểm vì đó là cách bạn đào tạo hành vi.
    Vì vậy nếu bạn nhìn vào…
    Có rất nhiều nghiên cứu về điều này, nhưng cơ bản nếu bạn muốn huấn luyện một con chó, đúng không, và bạn
    muốn nó ngồi, nếu bạn làm cho nó ngồi và ngay lập tức cho nó một cái bánh quy, nó học rất
    nhanh.
    Nếu bạn làm cho nó ngồi và rồi chờ 10 giây trước khi bạn cho nó một cái bánh quy, nó mất khoảng ba
    lần như nhiều lần lặp lại để học rằng ngồi thì sẽ được bánh quy.
    Nếu bạn chờ hơn một phút, nó sẽ không bao giờ học.
    Thật sao?
    Bạn có thể thấy đường cong học tập, số lần lặp lại, tăng vọt cho đến cuối cùng
    không còn số lượng nào nữa.
    Nhưng đây là chỗ mà nó trở nên điên rồ.
    Cái bánh quy đó vẫn đang củng cố một điều gì đó, chỉ không phải là ngồi.
    Nó đang củng cố điều mà vừa xảy ra trước đó.
    Vì vậy nếu chúng ta muốn mọi người làm điều gì đó, chúng ta phải thay đổi nó ngay lập tức.
    Và vì vậy khi chúng ta huấn luyện, và tôi nghĩ rằng chúng tôi là một tổ chức đào tạo, chúng tôi rất giỏi
    trong việc đào tạo, bất kỳ kỹ năng nào, là kỹ thuật để tạo ra nhiều vòng phản hồi trong một khoảng
    thời gian ngắn xung quanh các kỹ năng cụ thể.
    Vì vậy tôi sử dụng bán hàng vì đó là điều mà mọi người đều hiểu.
    Nếu bạn đang huấn luyện một kịch bản với ai đó, nếu bạn để cho ai đó đọc qua một kịch bản,
    và sau đó ở cuối bạn nói: “Này, đây là những điều bạn có thể làm tốt hơn,” đây
    là cách 95% mọi người huấn luyện.
    Điều đó cũng không hiệu quả.
    Chúng tôi đặt nền tảng rằng bạn sẽ đọc qua kịch bản, và trong 30 phút đầu tiên
    chúng tôi có thể hoàn thành một phần ba.
    Và tôi có thể sẽ dừng bạn khoảng 30 lần, và nếu điều đó xảy ra, điều đó có nghĩa là chúng tôi
    đang làm đúng.
    Chúng tôi đặt nền tảng rằng tôi sẽ ngắt lời bạn nhiều lần, và ngay khi bạn nói
    câu đầu tiên, tôi sẽ nói: “Dừng lại, nói lại, nói như thế này. Làm lại.”
    Và sau đó họ sẽ nói: “Được.”
    Và sau đó họ nói, và tôi sẽ nói: “Làm tốt lắm.
    Làm lại.
    Làm tốt lắm.
    Làm lại.”
    Vì vậy tôi củng cố nó nhiều lần nhất có thể.
    Được rồi, hãy đến câu thứ hai.
    Đúng không?
    Bây giờ làm câu đầu tiên và câu thứ hai.
    Đúng không?
    Làm câu thứ hai và câu thứ ba.
    Được chứ?
    Và bạn cứ tiếp tục làm việc cho đến khi cuối cùng họ chỉ nói nó như một cái huýt sáo.
    Họ có thể hát, vì họ cũng đã có rất nhiều lần lặp lại và rất nhiều phản hồi
    để họ nghĩ rằng, “Đây là cách nó nghe khi đúng.”
    Và tôi nghĩ rằng phần lớn các tổ chức không biết cách đào tạo.
    Và toàn bộ quá trình đào tạo của họ, cách tuyển dụng tài năng của họ chỉ đơn giản là hãy tuyển mười người và chúng ta sẽ chỉ xem ai làm tốt hơn, thay vì có thể đưa ai đó vào và nâng cấp họ lên.
    Và tôi nghĩ rằng khả năng đào tạo là một trong những yếu tố lớn nhất tồn tại trong các tổ chức,
    bởi vì nếu bạn có thể mua tài năng ở trình độ B và giúp họ đạt trình độ A+, thì bạn sẽ thu về sự chênh lệch và
    lợi nhuận giữa những gì bạn phải thu hút và trả cho người đó để đến và những gì họ thể hiện.
    Nếu bạn phải sử dụng chiến lược tuyển chọn, thì bạn phải trả theo mức hiện tại của thị trường về
    kỹ năng.
    Và vì vậy bạn thực sự mất đi một khoản lợi nhuận, bởi vì bạn không biết cách đào tạo.
    Có những lợi thế đối với tốc độ và đôi khi vẫn hợp lý khi đưa vào tài năng,
    bởi vì có thể quá trình đào tạo yêu cầu quá nhiều thời gian khiến nó không xứng đáng.
    Và vì vậy, từ quan điểm tuyển dụng, vì tôi biết chúng ta vừa nói chuyện, đây là chủ đề,
    chúng ta luôn muốn tuyển người với những thiếu sót kỹ năng nhỏ nhất.
    Và vì vậy trong công việc lao động ít kỹ năng, chẳng hạn, nếu chúng ta có một tiệm bánh cupcake và tôi cần ai đó
    làm việc ở quầy, đó là công việc lao động ít kỹ năng.
    Và vì vậy nếu có một số kỹ năng cần thiết, chẳng hạn như có thể đến đúng giờ, mỉm cười,
    đối xử tốt, thì những điều đó là những thuật ngữ tổng hợp có nhiều kỹ năng bên dưới chúng, trong khi
    dạy ai đó cách sử dụng máy tính tiền có thể mất khoảng 30 phút.
    Và vậy nên thật hợp lý khi tuyển người dựa trên thái độ và sau đó đào tạo về năng lực khi bạn có lao động
    ít kỹ năng.
    Khi bạn có lao động có kỹ năng thật cao, tôi không thể dạy ai đó 10 năm kinh nghiệm làm CFO trong M&A.
    Đây là một ví dụ cực đoan, đúng không?
    Và vì vậy trong trường hợp đó, chúng ta vẫn tuyển người với những thiếu sót kỹ năng nhỏ nhất, nhưng tôi có lẽ
    có thể dạy ai đó cư xử tốt hơn trong những hoàn cảnh này nhanh hơn là dạy họ trở thành CFO.
    Nếu họ có tất cả những gì tôi muốn ở đây, rõ ràng bạn sẽ muốn cả hai, nhưng thế giới không hoàn hảo.
    Và vì vậy chúng ta chỉ cố gắng tuyển người với khoảng cách kỹ năng nhỏ nhất, và thái độ là một chuỗi các kỹ năng.
    Và vì vậy thay vì nghĩ về mọi thứ như một thái độ và năng lực, hãy nghĩ về mọi thứ như những kỹ năng, và sau đó chúng ta luôn tuyển người cho những thiếu sót nhỏ nhất.
    Điều dễ nhất để đào tạo lên?
    Đúng vậy.
    Vâng.
    Một trong những điều quan trọng nhất là chúng tôi đã nói về việc cho mọi người phản hồi.
    Và tôi đã ghi lại, hầu hết các công ty và hầu hết các doanh nhân và người sáng lập đều sợ cho
    những phản hồi nhỏ nhặt.
    Bởi vì tôi có thể nhận thấy bạn đang mắc một lỗi nhỏ, nhưng thật vô lý khi chỉ ra điều đó.
    Có cảm giác như tôi là một kẻ độc tài thô lỗ nào đó.
    Tại sao điều đó lại quan trọng như vậy?
    Làm thế nào bạn tạo ra một môi trường?
    Tôi chắc chắn sẽ.
    Vâng, tôi không biết.
    Nhiều người không.
    Tôi có rất nhiều nhà quản lý trong các nhóm của tôi, và họ không muốn làm tổn thương lòng tự trọng của mọi người.
    Trọng tâm chính của họ quá nhiều vào việc tử tế, và điều đó không thực sự tử tế với một trong những văn hóa của chúng ta.
    Tôi sẽ không nói rằng đó không phải là người ở bên ngoài, nhưng những điều mà được coi là nội bộ
    suốt thời gian qua, khá là không tử tế, là một trong những vấn đề lớn, đó là bạn thực sự đang
    không tử tế với ai đó bằng cách không tối đa hóa khả năng họ thành công trong vai trò của họ.
    Và mọi người không mất việc thường vì một điều gì đó, mà thường là hàng trăm điều nhỏ nhặt.
    Và vì vậy nếu chúng ta có thể ngay lập tức khắc phục những vấn đề nhỏ nhặt đó, hầu hết mọi người muốn làm việc tốt,
    và hầu hết mọi người muốn thành công, và hầu hết mọi người muốn thăng tiến.
    Và chúng ta có thể tối đa hóa khả năng những điều đó xảy ra nếu chúng ta giúp họ.
    Và đây là nơi mà văn hóa là quan trọng.
    Nếu vào ngày đầu tiên, như tôi đã nói, chúng tôi nói rằng, chúng tôi sẽ làm việc qua kịch bản, và
    chúng tôi chỉ có thể hoàn thành một phần ba.
    Tôi sẽ dừng bạn lại 30 lần để sửa lỗi cho bạn.
    Chúng tôi đã thiết lập một cách nào đó những mong đợi về cách mọi thứ diễn ra ở đây.
    Giống như chúng tôi sẽ khắc phục mọi thứ, và chúng tôi sẽ khắc phục nhanh chóng.
    Và điều tôi muốn hiểu là sự khác biệt, và chúng tôi dạy nhóm của chúng tôi điều này, là sự khác biệt
    giữa việc xúc phạm và chỉ trích là gì?
    Đặc biệt, sự chỉ trích là sự khác biệt giữa thực tế và mong muốn.
    Vì vậy, bạn phải đến đúng giờ, và tuần này bạn đã đến muộn hai lần.
    Và đó là một sự khác biệt.
    Còn “bạn lười biếng” là sự xúc phạm.
    Và vì vậy, sự phán xét liên quan đến sự khác biệt đó là xúc phạm đến ai đó.
    Chỉ ra sự khác biệt đó hoàn toàn chỉ là chỉ trích, và điều đó là khách quan.
    Và vì vậy, nếu bạn muốn cải thiện đội ngũ, hãy loại bỏ những sự xúc phạm, tập trung vào việc chỉ trích, và chỉ cho họ
    phải làm gì thay vào đó.
    Và vì vậy cách dễ nhất để suy nghĩ về điều này, tôi nghĩ, là “dừng lại, bắt đầu, tiếp tục.”
    Và tôi sẽ kể cho bạn một câu chuyện thực tế.
    Chúng tôi có một người ở cấp giám đốc, một người tương đối cao trong tổ chức đang gặp vấn đề về hành vi, nói một cách khác, “Mọi người nghĩ bạn là một kẻ xấu.”
    Và vì vậy, anh ấy đã gặp gỡ ban giám đốc điều hành và có cuộc trò chuyện với tất cả họ, vì anh ấy thực sự thành thạo trong công việc, anh ấy là một người có thành tích cao, giỏi trong những gì anh ấy làm, chỉ là không ai thích anh ấy.
    Và vì vậy, anh ấy đã nói chuyện với bốn giám đốc khác nhau, và hành vi không thay đổi.
    Và cuối cùng, anh ấy đã đến văn phòng của tôi, và anh ấy có chút lo lắng, và anh ấy đã hỏi,
    “Tôi có bị sa thải không?”
    Và tôi nói, “Không, phòng nhân sự sẽ sa thải bạn nếu bạn sẽ bị sa thải, chúng ta đang nói về điều gì?”
    Nhưng khi chúng tôi ngồi xuống, tôi đã nói, “Được rồi, tôi muốn rõ ràng, tôi muốn giảm khả năng
    mà mọi người gọi bạn là một kẻ xấu trong tương lai.”
    Tôi đã nói, “Điều đó có giống như một mục tiêu có thể đồng thuận không?”
    Và anh ấy nói, “Vâng, tôi muốn điều đó.”
    Tôi nói, “Tốt, tôi cũng không quan tâm nếu bạn là một kẻ xấu.
    Tôi chỉ quan tâm rằng mọi người khác nghĩ bạn là vậy.”
    Và vì vậy tôi chỉ muốn giảm thiểu khả năng rằng tôi sẽ bị cuốn vào điều này một lần nữa.
    Vì vậy, lý do mà họ gọi bạn là người khó chịu, chúng ta cần xem xét điều đó, bởi vì mọi cuộc trò chuyện mà bạn đã có với một số lãnh đạo chỉ như kiểu, “Này, ngừng việc trở thành người khó chịu đi.”
    Và vấn đề là, bạn sẽ xử lý điều đó như thế nào? Không gì cả. Bạn chỉ bị xúc phạm, rồi thì bạn không có gì để làm. Vì vậy, thay vào đó, nó giống như, “Được rồi, khi bạn cắt lời người khác khi họ đang nói, hãy dừng lại, bắt đầu, làm điều này thay vào đó, im lặng.”
    Vì vậy, khi ai đó đang nói, hãy chờ cho đến khi họ kết thúc. Và nếu bạn không chắc chắn, hãy hỏi xem họ đã xong chưa. Anh ấy như, “Được rồi, khi bạn đưa ra lời khuyên không được yêu cầu về cách họ nên điều hành bộ phận của mình, đừng làm điều đó, hoặc hãy hỏi xem họ có muốn không. Nếu họ nói không, đừng nói gì cả.”
    Và vì vậy, chúng tôi đã xác định ba hoặc bốn hành vi mà anh ấy đã làm, và tôi nói, “Chỉ cần làm điều này thay vào đó.” Và thật sự vào tuần tiếp theo, mọi người đều nói, “Chuyện gì đã xảy ra với anh ấy? Anh ấy như là một người mới.”
    Vấn đề là, anh ấy không phải là người khó chịu, chỉ là anh ấy không biết cách cư xử. Vì vậy, nếu bạn muốn dạy, việc dạy phải xuất phát từ các điều kiện và hành vi. Và nếu bạn đang cố gắng để ai đó trở nên khác biệt, bạn phải cho họ những điều kiện mà họ cần thay đổi.
    Vì vậy, khi ai đó nói như vậy, nếu điều này xảy ra, có một điều kiện, và rồi đây là những gì bạn cần làm. Và phần lớn các chương trình đào tạo hiện có không làm gì cả. Chỉ là mọi người la hét với nhau, xúc phạm họ, và nói, “Hey, bạn cần phải nâng cao năng lực. Bạn cần tăng cường hiệu suất của mình. Điều đó có nghĩa là gì?”
    Và vì vậy, tôi nghĩ một trong những cách dễ nhất để xác định hành vi thực sự, vì đó thực sự là phần khó khăn, là như, “Tại sao tôi nghĩ rằng anh ấy là một người khó chịu? Tại sao tôi nghĩ rằng cô ấy lười biếng?” Bởi vì tôi muốn xúc phạm họ, nhưng đó không phải là… Vì vậy, tôi giúp cô ấy như thế nào? Giống như, “Được rồi. Tại sao tôi mô tả cô ấy như vậy?” Được rồi. Khi tôi không tích cực, cô ấy có xu hướng chậm trong phản hồi. Vì vậy, đôi khi mất một giờ. Đôi khi mất ba giờ. Tôi như, “Được rồi.” Tôi sẽ thu thập dữ liệu đó và như, “Được rồi.”
    Vì vậy, khi tôi nói chuyện với cô ấy, tôi sẽ có một nhánh dữ liệu này. Điều tiếp theo là khi tôi nhận được dự án từ cô ấy, chúng thường không hoàn chỉnh. Tôi cảm thấy chúng không được phát triển đầy đủ. Tôi như, “Được rồi. Đó là một nhóm thứ hai.” Điều tiếp theo là khi cô ấy xuất hiện trên Zoom, cô ấy trông bừa bộn. Tôi như, “Được thôi.”
    Vì vậy, bây giờ khi tôi nói chuyện với Sandy, tôi sẽ không nói, “Này, Sandy, bạn trông lười biếng. Tôi cần bạn nâng cao một chút ở đây. Nếu không, chúng ta sẽ gặp vấn đề và sẽ phải áp dụng kế hoạch cải thiện hiệu suất cho bạn.” Thay vì nói như vậy, chỉ cần đưa cô ấy vào kế hoạch cải thiện hiệu suất mà không cần nói đó là kế hoạch cải thiện hiệu suất và chỉ nói, “Khi bạn tham gia các cuộc gọi, hãy thay đổi nền tảng của bạn về cài đặt tiêu chuẩn của công ty để chúng tôi không thấy phòng ngủ của bạn.”
    Và đảm bảo rằng từ thắt lưng trở lên, bạn trông chuyên nghiệp. Và tôi muốn nói đến trông chuyên nghiệp là gì? Mang áo sơ mi có cổ và buộc tóc lại. Được chứ?
    Vậy điều đó hoạt động như thế nào trong chính trị thức tỉnh? Không có ý tưởng. Đối phó với nó ở đất nước của bạn. Nhưng bạn nên có một văn hóa nơi bạn có thể nói những điều như vậy.
    Điều thứ hai là ngay bây giờ, tôi cần bạn bật thông báo Slack và tôi cần bạn phản hồi trong vòng 10 phút. Trong giờ làm việc. Sau giờ làm việc, không sao cả. Nhưng từ 9 đến 5, bạn phải phản hồi trong vòng 10 phút. Bạn nghĩ bạn có thể làm điều đó không? Có.
    Và vì vậy mục tiêu cuối cùng ở đây là tôi sẽ khiến mọi người ngừng gọi bạn là lười biếng. Thú vị ở chỗ nó quay trở lại điều mà bạn đã nói trước đó khi bạn nói về sự cụ thể so với mơ hồ, vỏ não trước trán so với hạch hạnh nhân. Giống như một lời xúc phạm là hạch hạnh nhân. Hoàn toàn. Hơi giống bất cứ điều gì với điều đó. Nhưng nếu bạn làm cho nó cụ thể, thì hành động có nhiều khả năng xảy ra hơn. Và hành động hữu ích có nhiều khả năng xảy ra hơn.
    Về điểm này của một người đang lắng nghe bây giờ, người đang là một doanh nhân, họ có một doanh nghiệp và họ đang nghĩ về việc tuyển dụng những người đầu tiên. Tôi muốn nêu một đề xuất cho bạn để xem bạn nghĩ gì về điều này. Một trong những điều mà tôi nghĩ có thể giúp bạn không mắc sai lầm trong quy trình tuyển dụng, đặc biệt là giai đoạn đầu, là nếu bạn chỉ sống với giả định vĩnh viễn rằng bạn kém trong việc tuyển dụng.
    Vì vậy, tôi sống với giả định vĩnh viễn rằng tôi kém trong việc tuyển dụng vì tôi có những thành kiến, có những điều mà tôi không biết về một số thứ, v.v. Và khi bạn bắt đầu với giả định rằng bạn thực sự rất kém trong việc tuyển dụng, bạn cố gắng phân quyền cho quyết định.
    Vì vậy, một điều tôi thường nói với các nhà sáng lập khởi nghiệp là nếu bạn đang tuyển dụng một nhân viên bán hàng, hãy tạo ra một quy trình phỏng vấn nơi có năm người và một trong số họ có thể là bạn, và bốn người còn lại là những nhân viên bán hàng giỏi nhất mà bạn đã từng gặp trong cuộc đời mình, như là những người đã bán cho bạn ngôi nhà của bạn.
    Và hãy yêu cầu họ tham gia vào quy trình phỏng vấn. Điều đó có hợp với bạn không? Tôi nghĩ điều đó thật tuyệt. Và tôi nghĩ rằng số lượng người tham khảo mà bạn tìm kiếm tương ứng với tầm quan trọng của vai trò.
    Được rồi. Vậy Sam, co-founder của school, là một nhà sáng lập không kỹ thuật. Ai là school? School là gì, xin lỗi? Ồ, schoolsschool.com là một nền tảng để xây dựng cộng đồng. Hiện tại nó đang online, nhưng chúng tôi có một thành phần trực tiếp để mọi người có thể gặp gỡ trực tiếp, họ có thể gặp nhau trực tiếp. Thật tuyệt. Và đó là khoản đầu tư duy nhất mà tôi đã công khai liên kết mình với ngoài acquisition.com.
    Vì vậy, đó là một vấn đề rất lớn. Đó là điều mà tôi tin tưởng rất nhiều vì nó liên quan đến giáo dục. Nó dành cho giáo dục và truyền thông. Vì vậy, Sam là người sáng lập của school và ông ấy không phải là người kỹ thuật. Và ông ấy biết rằng để xây dựng một sản phẩm phần mềm xuất sắc, bạn cần có tài năng hàng đầu thế giới.
    Và vì vậy, ông đã phỏng vấn 600 nhà phát triển để tìm ra Daniel, người đã trở thành CTO của school. Và ông ấy đã hỏi mọi người để biết ai là những lập trình viên giỏi nhất. Sau đó, ông đã nói chuyện với tất cả những người đó và hỏi họ ai là lập trình viên giỏi nhất mà họ biết. Và ông đã trò chuyện với những người đó.
    Và sau đó, anh ấy hỏi họ rằng họ nghĩ ai là lập trình viên giỏi nhất mà họ biết. Cuối cùng, tên của Daniel được nhắc đến như một người ở đẳng cấp thần thánh. Anh ấy nói, “Nếu bạn có thể có được anh chàng này, thì anh ấy sẽ thật tuyệt vời.” Và rồi anh ấy tìm ra cách để gặp Daniel và sau đó trở thành đồng sáng lập của trường học cũng như vậy. Điều thú vị về quá trình đó là nó thực sự dẫn đến việc học nhanh. Khi tôi còn là một tư vấn viên, tôi 22 tuổi và tôi phải đi trình bày trước các tướng bốn sao về các hệ thống vũ khí mà tôi không biết gì vì tôi đã uống bia cách đó 12 tháng. Vậy làm thế nào để bạn có thể nói thông minh trước ai đó có 30 năm kinh nghiệm nhiều hơn bạn? Đây là quy trình tư vấn cho việc học nhanh. Đầu tiên là bạn tìm năm chuyên gia. Bạn hỏi một người, “Này, hãy cho tôi biết năm người bạn biết là giỏi nhất trong lĩnh vực này.” Sau đó, bạn hỏi họ, “Ai là năm người bạn biết cũng biết rất nhiều về lĩnh vực này?” Và cho mỗi cuộc phỏng vấn, bạn ghi lại tất cả thông tin của họ: “Bạn nghĩ gì về điều này? Bạn nghĩ gì về điều này? Bạn nghĩ gì về điều này?” Và điều xảy ra là bạn bắt đầu lập bản đồ như một hệ sinh thái thông tin. Lý do bạn nói chuyện với các chuyên gia trước là vì không thiếu thông tin. Bạn có thể tìm kiếm bất kỳ điều gì bạn muốn trên Google, vấn đề là có quá nhiều. Vì vậy, bộ lọc trở thành nơi có mức độ tác động cao nhất. Các chuyên gia đã dành nhiều năm để lọc ra những gì quan trọng. Sau đó, bạn cơ bản tiêu thụ nhanh chóng thông tin đã được lọc kỹ nhất và sau đó bạn tổ chức lại thông tin. Đây là điều mà một nhà phân tích điển hình sẽ làm với tư cách là một tư vấn viên: “Vậy cho dự án không gian và mạng mà tôi đã thực hiện, tôi có 600 trang ghi chú từ tất cả các cuộc phỏng vấn mà chúng tôi đã làm. Bước đầu tiên là bạn phân loại tất cả các ghi chú theo danh mục. Từ ghi chú thô cho đến ghi chú đã được phân loại. Từ đó, bạn chắt lọc và tổ chức ghi chú thành những sự thật hoặc niềm tin tinh lọc nhất mà chúng ta có về các hệ thống vũ khí cụ thể này, nhưng nó có thể là bất cứ điều gì. Sau đó, từ đó, bạn có thể tạo ra những suy luận của mình về điều đó trông như thế nào khi nó đúng, các vấn đề là gì, các giải pháp tiềm năng có thể là gì. Và đó cơ bản là cách bạn nói, “Đây là những gì chúng ta cần làm tiếp theo.” Đó là nếu bạn đang cố gắng học hỏi điều gì đó. Nhưng trong việc nói chuyện với tất cả những người đó, nó thực sự hoạt động theo cách tương tự vì quá trình phỏng vấn, càng có tài năng cao thì tôi càng khuyến khích các doanh nhân sử dụng nó như một quy trình học hỏi với tư cách là một tư vấn viên. Và vì vậy, tôi đưa ra một người muốn vào vai trò này, những vấn đề thực tế của doanh nghiệp mà họ sẽ có quyền kiểm soát và hỏi, “Bạn sẽ giải quyết những vấn đề này như thế nào?” Và sau đó họ cho tôi biết tất cả những điều mà họ sẽ xem xét và những gì họ đang nghĩ. Và sau đó tôi sẽ hỏi người tiếp theo họ nghĩ gì và người tiếp theo nghĩ gì hoặc cô ấy nghĩ gì. Và rồi đột nhiên, một điều, tôi có được tư vấn miễn phí, điều này thật tuyệt vời. Nhưng thứ hai, bạn có thể thấy qua chất lượng và số lượng các chỉ số mà ai đó theo dõi, họ giỏi đến mức nào ở một quy mô cụ thể. Đây thực sự là điều phân biệt người mới bắt đầu với chuyên gia. Người mới bắt đầu thường có lối suy nghĩ nhị phân về kết quả, nó hoặc là có hiệu quả hoặc không có hiệu quả. Ví dụ, một chuyên gia về một chiến dịch tiếp thị sẽ không nói, “Ồ, tiếp thị không hoạt động hay quảng cáo không hoạt động.” Họ sẽ nói, “Chiến dịch cụ thể này không hoạt động vì tỷ lệ nhấp chuột của chúng tôi quá thấp hoặc vì nó đã gửi lưu lượng truy cập không đủ chất lượng và chúng tôi không chuyển đổi đủ trên trang.” Hoặc chúng tôi không có đủ người thực hiện bước thứ hai trong bốn bước của chúng tôi. Và họ có thể phân tích bất kỳ phần nào trong dòng thời gian đó. Nếu tôi đang phỏng vấn một nhân viên bán hàng và người đó nói, và tôi hỏi, “Được rồi, bạn sẽ ảnh hưởng đến những chỉ số này như thế nào? Bạn sẽ thực hiện những hành vi nào?” Vì vậy, ở cùng mức độ về sự mơ hồ và cụ thể, nếu họ đưa lại cho tôi những điều mơ hồ, tôi sẽ tập trung lại và nói, “Không, bạn sẽ làm gì để thay đổi điều đó?” Và nhân tiện, đây là một cách tuyệt vời để dạy trong tổ chức rằng những gì họ làm tạo ra lợi nhuận cho doanh nghiệp. Vì vậy, nếu bạn có một đại diện hỗ trợ khách hàng, chẳng hạn, và bạn hỏi, “Này, bạn tạo ra lợi nhuận cho công ty chúng ta như thế nào?” Nếu họ không thể giải thích cho bạn, có lẽ họ không đang làm điều đó. Và điều này nghe có vẻ đơn giản như nó thể hiện. Nhưng nếu ai đó nói, “Chà, tôi trả lời câu hỏi của khách hàng,” và bạn hỏi, “Điều đó làm cho chúng ta kiếm tiền như thế nào?” Bây giờ, nếu họ có thể nói, “Khi tôi trả lời câu hỏi của khách hàng, tôi tăng khả năng họ giới thiệu cho những khách hàng khác và tôi tăng khả năng họ ở lại và tiếp tục trả tiền cho chúng ta. Vì vậy, tôi giúp chúng ta có được những khách hàng mới bằng cách cung cấp một trải nghiệm tuyệt vời và tôi giúp những khách hàng mà chúng ta có tiếp tục trả tiền cho chúng ta. Và nếu nó hợp lý, tôi giới thiệu các sản phẩm và dịch vụ khác mà chúng ta có mà tôi có thể giới thiệu cho các nhân viên bán hàng có thể giải thích để chúng ta có thể tạo ra nhiều doanh thu hơn từ họ.” Tôi sẽ nói, “Một, nếu bạn có thể diễn đạt điều đó, bạn có lẽ không chỉ là một người làm dịch vụ khách hàng, bạn có lẽ là một giám đốc.” Và vì vậy, cấp độ tinh tế và tính cụ thể đó là điều cho thấy chuyên môn. Và vì vậy, khi tôi tìm kiếm và phỏng vấn ứng viên, trước tiên, tôi muốn thu thập càng nhiều thông tin càng tốt. Tôi muốn tiếp thu càng nhiều kiến thức càng tốt, nhưng tôi cũng đang tìm kiếm chất lượng và số lượng các chỉ số mà họ theo dõi và các hành vi mà họ thực hiện để ảnh hưởng đến những chỉ số đó. Vì vậy, trong vấn đề giả định mà giả sử chúng ta đang cố gắng giải quyết, chúng ta có tỷ lệ nhấp chuột thấp, tôi sẽ nói, “Được rồi, đây là vấn đề mà chúng ta đang gặp phải.”
    Here’s the translation of the provided text into Vietnamese:
    “Bạn sẽ tiếp cận việc thay đổi nó như thế nào?”
    Và điều đó thực sự giúp tôi hiểu những gì họ sẽ làm trong tổ chức vì rất dễ để nói, “Tôi sẽ vào và giả sử là giám đốc bán hàng. Tôi sẽ vào và tôi sẽ cải thiện đội ngũ bán hàng.” Tôi như, “Được rồi, tuyệt vời. Bạn sẽ làm gì?” “Tôi sẽ huấn luyện bọn họ.” Tôi như, “Được rồi. Điều đó có nghĩa là gì?” Và vì vậy, tôi cứ tiếp tục hỏi, “Điều đó có nghĩa là gì? Bạn làm điều đó như thế nào?” Cho đến khi họ nói, “Được rồi, tôi sẽ gặp bọn họ mỗi sáng và chúng tôi sẽ thực hành đóng vai. Làm thế nào để bạn thực hành đóng vai?” “Chúng tôi sẽ bắt đầu với kịch bản.” Và càng chi tiết họ nói, tôi càng tin rằng họ có thể làm được vì họ thực sự đã giải thích những hành động mà họ sẽ thực hiện. Nếu ai đó không thể chuyển đổi nó thành các hành động, thì rất ít khả năng họ sẽ thực hiện chúng. Và những gì tôi vừa phác thảo thực chất là ba điều cốt lõi. Thứ nhất là chất lượng và số lượng các chỉ số mà họ theo dõi. Thứ hai là các hành vi mà họ sẽ làm để ảnh hưởng đến những chỉ số đó. Và sau đó lên đến thứ ba, những chỉ số và các hành vi này ảnh hưởng đến doanh thu trong doanh nghiệp như thế nào? Nếu họ có thể giải thích rõ ràng điều đó, bạn có một người chiến thắng. Tất cả điều đó yêu cầu họ phải biết nếu người đó không phải là một kẻ giả dối và cũng phải biết những chỉ số nào là quan trọng, đúng không? Bởi vì ai đó có thể ngồi trong một cuộc phỏng vấn cho vị trí sáng lập lần đầu tiên của tôi, nói ra một loạt các từ phức tạp lớn. Nghe có vẻ hay. Tôi thuê họ. Và đó thực sự là điều tôi đang cố gắng giảm thiểu ở đây là làm thế nào để tôi không để một kẻ giả dối vượt qua mình? Tôi không yêu cầu họ giải thích như thể bạn là một học sinh lớp năm. Và vì vậy tôi luôn làm cùng một trò đùa vì bạn biết đấy, bạn làm điều này đủ nhiều lần, bạn sẽ làm cùng một trò đùa. Nó như thế này, “Này, tôi cần bạn giải thích điều này cho tôi như tôi là một chú chó golden retriever,” đó là một loại chó có hội chứng Down. Được rồi. Và tôi luôn khiến mọi người cười và tôi như, “Vì vậy, giả sử tôi không biết gì cả. hãy bắt đầu từ đó. Bạn nghĩ dịch vụ khách hàng có nghĩa là gì?” Và vì vậy nếu ai đó thực sự có chuyên môn, Richard Feynman nổi tiếng với câu nói của nhà vật lý, đó là nếu bạn không thể giải thích cho một đứa trẻ, thì bạn không hiểu đủ tốt. Và vì vậy nếu họ làm bạn bối rối, thì điều đó có nghĩa là họ không hiểu điều đó hoặc họ đang làm điều đó cố ý, cả hai trường hợp đều không tốt. Bạn đã nói điều gì đó trong khi giải thích đó. Bạn đã nói về người bạn sáng lập của bạn ở trường và bạn nói rằng anh ấy đang tìm kiếm một CTO và anh ấy đã nói, “Nếu chúng ta có được người này, anh ta sẽ thật tuyệt vời.” Rất nhiều doanh nhân đang bắt đầu kinh doanh có suy nghĩ đó đôi khi. Họ nghĩ, nếu tôi có thể chỉ cần người đó từ công ty tuyệt vời đó đến tham gia cùng chúng tôi trong gara nơi chúng tôi đang xây dựng khởi nghiệp mới này, điều đó sẽ thay đổi vận mệnh của chúng tôi. Nhưng làm thế nào? Làm thế nào để tôi có được một người thực sự xuất sắc, người đang được trả một khoản tiền lớn, có một công việc thoải mái, có sự an toàn để tham gia cùng tôi trong phòng ngủ của tôi? Vâng, tôi nghĩ có hai phần: phần mềm và phần cứng. Phần cứng đó là bù đắp, có thể bạn không có nhiều tiền mặt. Vì vậy, bạn sẽ có một vài công cụ để sử dụng. Bạn đã trả họ bao nhiêu tiền mặt? Họ sẽ có quyền lợi gì nếu có cổ phần hoặc cổ phiếu mà bạn sẽ cho họ? Điều này rõ ràng nếu đó là một doanh nghiệp phần mềm. Và bạn biết đấy, có lẽ là đáng phân khúc điều này. Vì vậy, nếu bạn không ở trong một công ty phần mềm, điều này có lẽ chiếm phần lớn người đang nghe điều này, có bốn yếu tố trong cổ phần mà tồn tại. Bạn có quyền kiểm soát. Vậy ai sẽ là người quyết định? Bạn có rủi ro. Điều gì xảy ra nếu mọi thứ đi sai? Ai sẽ phải chịu trách nhiệm? Bạn có lợi nhuận, đó là dòng tiền của doanh nghiệp, ai sẽ nhận được phân phối? Và sau đó căn bản là giá bán hoặc giá trị doanh nghiệp khi chúng ta bán hoặc nếu chúng ta bán, ai sẽ được tham gia vào lợi ích đó? Đó là bốn yếu tố của cổ phần. Bây giờ vấn đề là bạn rõ ràng có thể cấp cổ phiếu hoặc bạn có thể cho cổ phiếu trong một công ty. Đó là một cách để làm điều đó. Nhưng bạn cũng có thể hợp đồng xung quanh bất kỳ điều gì trong số này. Giờ đây, hầu hết thời gian họ không muốn rủi ro. Và họ có thể sẽ không có quyền kiểm soát nếu đó là công ty của bạn. Vì vậy, bạn chỉ thực sự có lợi nhuận và bạn có lợi ích về mặt bán hàng. Và vì vậy bạn có thể hợp đồng về những điều này và có rất nhiều cấu trúc. Vì vậy, tôi sẽ không đi vào các vấn đề pháp lý xung quanh điều này. Nhưng hỏi ai đó, bạn muốn gì? Bởi vì đây là một cách rất mạnh mẽ để bắt đầu điều này. Và câu hỏi yêu thích của tôi cho những loại tình huống này là hỏi, “Điều gì sẽ cần thiết?” Vì vậy, khi bạn có người này, hãy như, “Ôi, điều này sẽ thật tuyệt vời. Làm thế nào tôi có thể thuyết phục người này?” Tôi chỉ hỏi anh ta, “Điều gì sẽ thuyết phục bạn?” Vì vậy, tôi nói, “Điều gì sẽ cần thiết?” Bởi vì tôi không biết. Anh ấy sẽ cho tôi biết. Và tôi thích khung đó vì nó ngầm hiểu rằng có, nó ngầm hiểu rằng bạn sẽ đến. Vậy điều gì sẽ cần thiết? Rất nhiều cuốn sách mà bạn viết và rất nhiều nội dung bạn tạo ra xoay quanh ý tưởng về bán hàng. Đúng vậy. Và nó thực sự là một cuộc bán hàng, phải không? Đúng vậy. Và tôi luôn nghĩ về câu nói của Steve Jobs khi ông gặp, có phải là John Scully, người đang làm việc tại Pepsi và ông ấy đã nói, “Bạn có muốn tiếp tục bán nước đường trong suốt phần đời còn lại của mình không? Bạn có muốn đến thay đổi thế giới không?” Yếu tố cảm xúc, tâm lý trong việc bán hàng ảnh hưởng như thế nào đến việc thuyết phục một người xuất sắc đến tham gia vào sứ mệnh của bạn? Tôi nghĩ đó là câu chuyện về amygdala mà chúng tôi bắt đầu với chuyện về miếng dán mũi, mà giờ đây thực sự đã xuất hiện một vài lần ở đây. Nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng bài trình bày mà bạn đưa ra cho một người đồng sáng lập tiềm năng hoặc một nhân viên đầu tiên sẽ là tương tự như những gì bạn sẽ đưa ra cho một nhà đầu tư.”
    Hầu như là cùng một cách tiếp cận, ngoại trừ việc thay vì đầu tư vốn, họ đang đầu tư thời gian, đang đầu tư cuộc sống của họ, họ đang đầu tư chuyên môn của họ. Nhưng về bản chất, bạn đang yêu cầu đầu tư. Tôi chỉ đang hỏi bạn. Cũng có một câu hỏi kỳ lạ, mà thực sự tôi chưa bao giờ hỏi ai, nhưng các nhà sáng lập thường gặp khó khăn với nó, đó là liệu tôi có nên tuyển người ngây thơ vì điều đó có thể tạo ra những giải pháp mới cho những vấn đề cũ như những đứa trẻ thông minh, dám nghĩ dám làm mà hiểu TikTok, hay tôi nên tuyển người có kinh nghiệm, điều này sẽ tốn kém hơn, truyền thống hơn và an toàn hơn? Và tôi thấy một số công ty nghiêng quá nhiều về một bên nào đó. Tôi thực sự có những quan điểm khá mạnh mẽ về điều này. Vì vậy, tôi nghĩ đây là một chiến lược tạ, nơi bạn có những người ở hai đầu và rất ít ở giữa. Thú vị. Tôi thích có nhiều người trẻ tuổi, ham học hỏi, những người đến đây để phát triển và muốn học hỏi, sẵn sàng làm việc dài giờ và hoàn toàn cống hiến. Còn những người ở nửa sau sự nghiệp của họ, những người đã kiếm đủ tiền, họ biết rằng họ có thể tìm được việc làm ở bất cứ đâu nếu họ muốn, bạn không đang giúp họ bằng cách cho họ một công việc. Và họ không phải là những người mà tôi gọi là tôi ghét, đó là những người theo đuổi sự nghiệp. Họ không ám ảnh với chức danh của mình. Họ không ám ảnh với con đường sự nghiệp của họ, kế hoạch thăng tiến của họ sẽ ra sao. Họ cơ bản có một bài kiểm tra litmus, đó là, tôi cần kiếm khoảng này để đến đây và làm việc với bạn. Nhưng thực tế, họ rất thích công việc. Vì vậy, những người này đang học hỏi, nên những người trẻ đang học hỏi và làm việc vượt mức với hàng tấn giờ và kinh nghiệm. Còn những người này đang mang kinh nghiệm của họ vào cuộc chơi và tạo ra nhiều sức ảnh hưởng hơn với chiến lược. Những người ở giữa thường là người gây phiền toái cho mọi người. Và tôi không nghĩ, và hãy rõ ràng, tôi không nghĩ đây là một vấn đề tuổi tác. Tôi nghĩ đây là một vấn đề về góc nhìn. Vì vậy, chỉ đơn giản là, bạn có ở đây để phát triển hay bạn có ở đây để chia sẻ những gì bạn biết? Và tôi nghĩ rằng chính những người ở giữa như, tôi đang mang đến điều gì đó, nhưng tôi cần một chút, đó là một mối quan hệ tỉ lệ qua lại mà tôi sẽ nói rằng phần lớn những người không thành công đều ở trong cái hòm đó. Và sự ngây thơ đóng vai trò gì trong đổi mới ở đây? Bởi vì những đứa trẻ không biết quy tắc, có khả năng cao sẽ chạm vào những sắc thái, phải không? Tôi nghĩ rằng, vâng. Bạn thực sự có thể làm gián đoạn bất kỳ ngành nào nếu bạn không biết nó phải diễn ra như thế nào. Và vậy, nhưng tôi nghĩ điều đó thực sự làm rõ điều gì đó mà chúng tôi đã nói từ rất sớm, đó là bắt đầu từ những nguyên lý cơ bản, điều gì là vài điều tôi biết là đúng? Và sau đó cơ bản là quên đi mọi thứ khác. Và khi bạn xây dựng từ những giả định đó, bạn sẽ xây dựng ra rất nhiều con đường khác nhau của ngọn núi mà có thể đã hoặc chưa được đi qua trước đó. Tôi nghĩ một trong những điều, một trong những điều xác thực mà đôi khi có thể xảy ra là bạn tái tạo lại một giải pháp đã hoạt động và bạn như, được rồi, bây giờ tôi biết tại sao điều này hoạt động, phải không? Và tôi nghĩ, nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng thực sự, thì bạn sẽ tự tin hơn vào con đường đó và bạn như, được rồi, điều đó ổn. Nhưng bây giờ tôi biết tại sao chúng ta làm điều này, không chỉ vì người khác đã làm, mà vì tôi hiểu tại sao nó hoạt động. Và vì vậy tôi nghĩ điều này chỉ đơn giản là xuống đến những sự thật mà tôi biết là đúng và hoàn toàn cống hiến vào những điều đó. Như tôi biết rằng nếu khách hàng yêu thích sản phẩm của tôi, họ có khả năng cao hơn để nói với người khác về nó so với khi họ ghét nó. Điều đó tôi cảm thấy rất tự tin. Vì vậy, sau đó chúng ta nói, được rồi, những điều gì phải xảy ra để khiến ai đó nói yêu sản phẩm của tôi, tức là làm tăng khả năng họ nói với bạn bè về nó hoặc đăng bài về chúng tôi. Và vì vậy bây giờ có, và bạn có thể chia nhỏ điều này. Và một lần nữa, đây là nơi mà chất lượng và số lượng của các chỉ số trở nên quan trọng. Vì vậy, giống như, tôi có thể chia nhỏ và phân tích điều này thành những phần nhỏ như thế nào? Giống như, vào thời điểm nào chúng tôi truyền đạt những thông điệp này hoặc xung quanh những trải nghiệm nào có khả năng cao khiến họ đăng bài? Chúng tôi có thể giảm thiểu khó khăn trong việc họ gửi cho bạn bè không? Chúng tôi có thể làm cho nó vừa dễ dàng và làm thế nào chúng tôi có thể khuyến khích được không? Và vì vậy tất cả những thành phần này, dù là một doanh nghiệp dịch vụ, doanh nghiệp sản phẩm vật lý hay doanh nghiệp phần mềm, vẫn hoạt động theo cùng một cách, và đối với mỗi khách hàng, ví dụ, khi chúng tôi dẫn dắt ai đó qua điều này, tôi có bốn cột mốc mà tôi tìm kiếm, đó là bốn Rs. Vì vậy, làm thế nào để tôi giữ chân họ ngay lập tức? Làm thế nào để tôi khiến họ đánh giá sản phẩm của tôi? Làm thế nào để tôi khiến họ giới thiệu ai đó? Và sau đó, làm thế nào để tôi bán lại cho họ? Và vì vậy, về cơ bản, bốn Rs đó là những điều mà tôi cố gắng đưa mọi khách hàng qua. Đây là một khung rất đơn giản. Đúng vậy. Bạn nghĩ sao? Tôi đã nghĩ, ôi, thành công của khách hàng. Điều đó có nghĩa là gì? Nó chỉ như, thì đây là bốn điều tôi muốn xảy ra. Và vì vậy, tất cả những gì tôi đang cố gắng làm là phân tích ngược lại những hoạt động nào làm tăng khả năng xảy ra của từng bốn R này. Năm nay, 55% doanh nghiệp trên toàn cầu đang sử dụng AI dưới một hình thức nào đó. Nó đã trở nên tích hợp đến mức mọi điểm trong doanh nghiệp của tôi đến mức khó nhớ được thời gian mà đội ngũ của tôi và tôi không sử dụng nó. Adobe Express, nhà tài trợ cho podcast này, là một ví dụ tiêu biểu về một công cụ mà nhóm của chúng tôi sử dụng hàng ngày và hàng giờ. Đó là công cụ tạo hình ảnh. Nó chỉ cần vài từ mô tả những gì bạn muốn và sử dụng AI, nó sẽ tạo ra nhiều hình ảnh cho bạn lựa chọn. Nếu bạn đang xem, hãy xem nó nhanh chóng và dễ dàng như thế nào, và bạn có thể thử nó miễn phí.
    Các mẫu tùy chỉnh có nghĩa là bạn hoặc bất kỳ ai trong nhóm của bạn có thể tạo ra điều gì đó nổi bật mà không phải bắt đầu hoàn toàn từ đầu hoặc là một chuyên gia thiết kế.
    Đây là loại công nghệ phân biệt Adobe Express với những công cụ thiết kế khác và biến nó thành ứng dụng tạo ra mọi thứ một cách nhanh chóng và dễ dàng.
    Bạn có thể tải Adobe Express miễn phí ngay bây giờ trong cửa hàng ứng dụng.
    Vậy, tôi muốn nói về bốn R, nhưng tôi cũng nghĩ rằng những gì đến trước bốn R là biết cách thu hút khách hàng ngay từ đầu, điều này là rất khó.
    Và thực ra, có lẽ điều trước đó nữa là chuẩn bị tâm lý cho những khó khăn và những biến động mà kinh doanh mang lại.
    Tôi đã thấy đồ thị này của bạn.
    Ôi chúa ơi.
    Và tôi nghĩ đối với bất kỳ nhà sáng lập nào khi bắt đầu kinh doanh, điều quan trọng là họ phải hiểu chu kỳ này.
    Tôi nghĩ bạn gọi nó là chu kỳ sụp đổ, hoặc cái gì đó tương tự.
    Bởi vì nếu bạn không nhận thức được chu kỳ này, khi bạn gặp phải một số phần của nó, bạn có thể nghĩ rằng có điều gì đó không ổn với bạn.
    Và có một điều không thể tránh khỏi trong chu kỳ sụp đổ này.
    Tôi sẽ đưa nó lên màn hình để mọi người xem.
    Đây là chu kỳ sống của doanh nhân cho đến khi bạn học cách thoát ra khỏi nó.
    Và có sáu giai đoạn.
    Bạn có giai đoạn một, đó là lạc quan thiếu thông tin.
    Đây là lúc bạn thấy bạn bè của mình hoặc thấy điều gì đó trực tuyến và có vẻ như họ đang kiếm tiền hoặc có vẻ như có một cơ hội nào đó và bạn nghĩ, ôi trời ơi, nghe thật tuyệt.
    Và bạn có sự lạc quan vì mọi thứ có vẻ tuyệt vời, nhưng đó là lạc quan thiếu thông tin vì bạn không có ý tưởng gì về những gì nó đòi hỏi.
    Vì vậy, bạn lao vào và nói, được rồi, tôi sẽ theo đuổi điều này, bất kể đó là làm bánh cupcake hay tôi sẽ cắt cỏ hoặc tôi sẽ giao dịch tiền mã hóa, bất cứ điều gì.
    Bước tiếp theo là bạn gia nhập và cảm thấy, ôi trời ơi, tôi không biết. Có quá nhiều điều liên quan đến điều này và nó phức tạp hơn nhiều so với tôi mong đợi.
    Vì vậy, bạn trở thành người bi quan có thông tin. Giờ đây, bạn đã biết rằng nó khó khăn hơn hoặc khó khăn hơn nhiều so với bạn mong đợi.
    Giai đoạn thứ ba là bạn có cuộc khủng hoảng về ý nghĩa hoặc giá trị của sự tuyệt vọng.
    Vì vậy, bạn tiếp tục làm những điều này. Nó vẫn tiếp tục không hoạt động và bạn cứ tiếp tục làm việc và nó vẫn không hoạt động.
    Và đây là bước và đây là điểm sự thật.
    Và đây là chu kỳ mà con đường của những doanh nhân phân tách và phần lớn mọi người đi theo bước tiếp theo này, đó là họ nói, bạn biết không, có cái gì đó bên kia mà những người bạn khác của tôi đang làm, có lẽ tôi nên làm điều đó thay vào đó.
    Và sau đó họ quay lại với sự lạc quan thiếu thông tin và rồi họ lại tiếp tục rơi vào bi quan có thông tin và họ cứ đi vòng vòng mãi và sống cùng một sáu tháng trong suốt 20 năm liền.
    Bây giờ, con đường khác từ giá trị của sự tuyệt vọng là kiên trì với nó.
    Và sau đó bạn trở thành người lạc quan có thông tin vì giờ bạn hiểu, bạn vẫn hiểu tất cả những điều xấu, nhưng bạn cũng hiểu những điều tốt và cách để tránh điều xấu và tối đa hóa điều tốt.
    Và khi bạn ở đó, bạn kiên trì trên con đường đó đủ lâu và bạn kết thúc đạt được điều mà bạn đã nghĩ là rất dễ dàng và nhanh chóng.
    Và vì vậy, chu kỳ này, đây là câu chuyện cuộc đời của Alex Ramosy, điều này giải thích tại sao tôi có thể miêu tả các bước một cách rất thân thuộc, tôi gọi đó là vòng lặp và người ở phía bên kia, người phụ nữ trong chiếc váy đỏ, mà có lẽ là phần tôi yêu thích nhất trong bộ phim Ma Trận, đó là Nio, nhân vật chính, đang ở trong một chương trình để dạy anh một điều.
    Và vì vậy, anh ấy đi qua những con phố đông đúc của một thành phố như New York với Morpheus dẫn dắt.
    Và anh ấy đang vẽ về một điều mà anh ấy đang phải học và anh nói, “Nio, có phải bạn đang lắng nghe tôi hay bạn đang nhìn người phụ nữ trong chiếc váy đỏ?”
    Và Nio đang nhìn người phụ nữ trong chiếc váy đỏ khi Morpheus đang nói và sau đó anh ấy nói, “Nhìn lại đi.”
    Và anh ấy nhìn lại người phụ nữ trong chiếc váy đỏ và đó là Agent Smith với khẩu súng chĩa vào đầu anh.
    Và trong khoảnh khắc đó, anh ấy nói, “Đứng lại.”
    Và anh giải thích rằng bạn hoặc là một trong chúng tôi hoặc là một trong số họ.
    Và họ là những người được gửi đến để tiêu diệt chúng tôi.
    Và điều mà dường như là người phụ nữ trong chiếc váy đỏ thực ra là một đặc vụ từ hệ thống nhằm tiêu diệt cơ hội mà bạn đang có ngay bây giờ.
    Và vì vậy, tôi yêu người phụ nữ trong chiếc váy đỏ rất nhiều vì nó rất thật.
    Bởi vì bạn đang ở trong cái này, bạn đang trong mối quan hệ với doanh nghiệp của bạn.
    Và bạn nghĩ, “Cô gái này có vẻ tuyệt vời.”
    Và sau đó bạn bắt đầu tìm hiểu và phát hiện ra rằng cô ấy ngáy khi ngủ.
    Và đột nhiên bạn thấy chiếc quần tập và không trang điểm vào buổi sáng và bạn nhận ra rằng đôi khi cô ấy trở chứng, bất cứ điều gì.
    Nhưng bạn bắt đầu tìm hiểu. Bạn nghĩ, “Tôi không biết chúng tôi có kết hôn không, nhưng đây là nơi chúng tôi đang đứng.”
    Và sau đó bạn thấy một người phụ nữ trong chiếc váy đỏ và bạn nghĩ, “Bạn biết gì không, tôi nghĩ đó là cô gái.”
    Và vì vậy bạn từ bỏ mối quan hệ này với doanh nghiệp của bạn và bước vào mối quan hệ đó.
    Nhưng sau đó bạn nhận ra rằng cô gái đó mắc bệnh ghẻ.
    Cô ấy có một người bạn trai cũ điên cuồng và bạn nghĩ, “Ôi chúa ơi, tôi không muốn làm bất kỳ điều gì liên quan đến những thứ này.”
    Đúng không?
    Và vì vậy, CFO của tôi, đó là một trong những người đầu tiên mà bạn nghĩ, “Ôi chúa ơi, tôi đã thuê người đó. Nó đã thay đổi mọi thứ.”
    Vậy là CFO của tôi và Jim Lodge đã đưa bốn công ty từ 0 lên 100 triệu đô.
    Cô ấy đã thực hiện hơn 40 giao dịch M&A và giao dịch lớn nhất của cô ấy trị giá 5 tỷ đô.
    Kinh nghiệm siêu phong phú.
    Cô ấy đã ở cuối sự nghiệp của mình.
    Và cô ấy nói, “Tôi sẽ cùng các bạn thực hiện một lần cuối.”
    Và hãy nhớ rằng, Layla và tôi, năm đó tôi 26 hoặc 27 tuổi, Layla 23, 24 và chúng tôi ngồi đối diện bàn với một người có kinh nghiệm kinh doanh rất lớn và nói, “Xin hãy giúp chúng tôi.”
    Và một trong những điều mà cô ấy dạy tôi mà tôi sẽ không bao giờ quên là cô ấy nói, “Cỏ bên kia luôn xanh hơn.”
    Bạn không biết rằng nó được tưới bằng phân.”
    Và cô ấy đến từ miền Nam, vì vậy cô ấy có giọng nói miền Nam rất sâu.
    Cô ấy nói, “Luôn luôn có phân, phân ở khắp nơi.”
    Và cô ấy nói, “Tôi đã tham gia đủ loại kinh doanh để biết rằng tất cả các doanh nghiệp đều có phân.
    Và vì vậy bạn chỉ có phân mà bạn không biết và phân mà bạn biết, và bạn đang ở trong ngành này, và đây là phân mà bạn biết.”
    Và điều đó đã ảnh hưởng sâu sắc đến cuộc sống của tôi vì tôi đã rất khó để phá vỡ vòng luẩn quẩn.
    Thực sự khó đối với tôi.
    Ý tôi là, tôi đã kể cho bạn nghe câu chuyện cuộc đời tôi về nhiều doanh nghiệp mà tôi đã tham gia.
    Và như vậy, chứng ADD về khởi nghiệp thực sự đã tồn tại trong tôi, và tôi đã phạm phải một số sai lầm nghề nghiệp lớn nhất chỉ bằng cách theo đuổi và chia sẻ sự chú ý của mình giữa nhiều nỗ lực khác nhau.
    Và tôi có thể nói thật rằng năm 2024 là năm đầu tiên, và bây giờ là năm 2025, lần đầu tiên trong đời tôi mà tôi không trải qua cảm giác sợ bỏ lỡ (FOMO).
    Và đó là một trong những điều mà tôi luôn có.
    Tôi sẽ thấy ai đó làm điều gì đó và tôi nghĩ, “Ôi trời, tôi nên tham gia vào đó.”
    “Tôi không nên làm việc này.
    Tôi chỉ đang làm cái đó.”
    Và đó là một trong những thứ tương tự như việc hạnh phúc, khi bạn không nhận ra rằng bạn đang hạnh phúc.
    Bạn chỉ nhìn lại và nói, “Bạn biết không? Đó là một năm thực sự tốt.”
    Bạn biết đấy, như thể bạn thấy nó trong hồi tưởng.
    Điều tôi nhận ra là giờ đây khi tôi nghe ai đó nói, “Ôi trời, tôi đã làm tốt với điều này,” tôi nghĩ rằng thật tuyệt vời cho họ.
    Tôi chắc chắn có rất nhiều vấn đề mà tôi không biết và điều đó thật tuyệt vời.
    Nhưng tôi sẽ tiếp tục làm điều này vì đây là điều duy nhất tôi biết cách làm khá tốt.
    Và tôi sẽ tiếp tục tích lũy lợi thế thông tin của mình so với những người khác nghĩ rằng điều này là dễ dàng và muốn tham gia vào đó.
    Và vì vậy tôi nghĩ rằng mọi công ty lớn mà bạn biết đến đã tồn tại trong nhiều thập kỷ.
    Và để một cái gì đó tồn tại trong nhiều thập kỷ, người sáng lập phải giữ con mắt của mình vào điều đó suốt thời gian.
    Và tôi đo lường sự tập trung qua số lượng và chất lượng của những điều mà bạn từ chối.
    Và tôi đo lường cam kết hoặc định nghĩa cam kết là việc loại bỏ các lựa chọn khác.
    Và nếu bạn nghĩ về hôn nhân như một cam kết tối cao, thì nó thực sự là cam kết tối cao vì bạn đã giới hạn thực sự mọi lựa chọn ngoài người này.
    Và vì vậy tôi nghĩ rằng nhiều vấn đề kinh doanh và nhiều doanh nhân sẽ 5X, 10X doanh nghiệp của họ nếu họ đơn giản tự đưa ra cho mình không có lối thoát.
    Đây là điều tôi đang làm.
    Và tôi, tôi đang trong cái gọi là “đốt thuyền”, nhưng tôi đang loại bỏ tất cả các lựa chọn khác và cấu trúc tình yêu của mình để khiến nó rất khó khăn để theo đuổi các lựa chọn khác.
    Và tôi nghĩ rằng bằng cách làm đó, bạn thực sự có thể chinh phục được vòng luẩn quẩn này và vượt qua giai đoạn tách rời nơi bạn go, va chạm và bị đốt cháy, và sau đó khởi động lại vòng lặp chết chóc, hoặc đạt đến sự lạc quan thông tin và cuối cùng là đạt được điều mà bạn muốn.
    Có rất nhiều điều đó, nhưng đó là một điểm rất quan trọng.
    Vậy tôi nên bắt đầu từ đâu?
    Và ở thời điểm này, khoảnh khắc khủng hoảng ý nghĩa này, điều tôi thấy rất nhiều là các doanh nhân không nhất thiết là từ bỏ điều cũ, mà chỉ đơn giản là tham gia vào điều gì đó khác.
    Và tôi thấy các doanh nhân sẽ đến với tôi ở phòng tập gym và họ sẽ nói, “Chào Steve, tôi chỉ muốn cho bạn biết tôi đang làm gì và xem liệu bạn có thể cho tôi bất kỳ lời khuyên nào không.”
    Và sau đó họ sẽ liệt kê ba điều.
    Họ sẽ nói, “Tôi đang bắt đầu cái gì đó liên quan đến crypto, bạn tôi Dave, tôi có một doanh nghiệp về tóc nơi chúng tôi bán hàng trực tuyến và tôi còn có một điều khác.”
    Và họ gần như giả định rằng càng nhiều thứ họ đang làm, xác suất họ thành công trong điều gì đó càng cao.
    Mẹ tôi cũng vậy, mẹ tôi đã bắt đầu 30 doanh nghiệp và tôi đã chứng kiến cả tuổi thơ của mình xem mẹ khởi đầu một salon tóc và sau đó người bên đường điều hành một công ty bất động sản vào nói rằng, “Chúng tôi kiếm được rất nhiều tiền với tư cách là một đại lý bất động sản.”
    Cô ấy sẽ bắt đầu. Doanh nghiệp đó sẽ thất bại.
    Cô ấy sẽ gặp phải khoảnh khắc khủng hoảng ý nghĩa.
    Rồi cô ấy sẽ bắt đầu một doanh nghiệp nội thất và cô ấy nhảy giữa 20 đến 30 doanh nghiệp và điều đó vẫn đang diễn ra bây giờ nơi mà chúng kéo dài sáu tháng, sau đó cuối cùng phá sản.
    Cô ấy giống như, bạn biết đấy, giống như những con khỉ nhảy từ cái này sang cái khác.
    Chưa bao giờ có được tốc độ thoát ra từ phần lạc quan thông tin này.
    Vì vậy, đúng vậy, điều này thực sự đúng với tôi trong mọi nghĩa của từ, ý tưởng về sự tập trung đi ngược lại tất cả các bản năng và cảm xúc của bạn, nhưng lại rất quan trọng đối với thành công.
    Tôi nghĩ rằng khởi nghiệp thực sự là một cuộc chiến của trái tim hơn là một cuộc chiến của tâm trí.
    Chúng ta có thể hiểu những gì chúng ta nên làm.
    Chúng ta chỉ không làm điều đó.
    Và tôi nghĩ đó là lý do tại sao chúng ta giỏi hơn nhiều trong việc đưa ra lời khuyên hơn là theo dõi nó.
    Vì vậy, hầu hết mọi người, nếu họ chỉ theo dõi lời khuyên của chính mình, họ sẽ thành công.
    Và vì vậy với loại giá trị của sự tuyệt vọng này, tôi gọi nó là “chộp lấy ngách”.
    Nó giống như, đừng bắt tôi phải chộp lấy bạn.
    Điều đó giống như khi bạn có ba thứ đang diễn ra, giống như, hãy để tôi chộp lấy bạn để chỉ chọn một.
    Bởi vì điều thực sự là bất kỳ điều nào trong số đó cũng có thể hoạt động, nhưng không điều nào trong chúng sẽ hoạt động trừ khi bạn chỉ chọn một.
    Bởi vì thực sự, theo ý kiến của tôi, đó là một bài tập về sự kiêu ngạo khi cho rằng việc bạn làm ba điều sẽ đánh bại ai đó chỉ làm một điều.
    Và tôi có thể hứa với bạn rằng đối thủ sẽ đánh bại bạn chỉ đang làm một điều đó.
    Và bạn nghĩ rằng một phần ba thời gian của bạn sẽ đánh bại họ?
    Không.
    Điều đó sẽ không xảy ra.
    Tôi nghĩ điều đó thật kiêu ngạo.
    Và vì vậy thực sự có một nền tảng của cái tôi bên dưới điều này.
    Và tôi nói điều này như một người đã trải qua điều đó.
    Vì vậy, khi tôi có doanh nghiệp khởi động, tôi cũng có sáu phòng gym của mình.
    Tôi cũng có một công ty điều trị xương khớp, và tôi cũng có một công ty nha khoa.
    Và vì vậy, tôi sẽ giới thiệu bản thân và nói, ồ, tôi sở hữu nhiều công ty. Nhưng tôi nghĩ một trong những hiểu lầm lớn nhất khi bạn là một doanh nhân là không hiểu sự khác biệt giữa việc là một chủ sở hữu và một CEO. Họ có thể nghe rằng bạn có một danh mục đầu tư. Họ có thể nghe rằng tôi có một danh mục đầu tư và nghĩ, được rồi, họ có một danh mục đầu tư. Vậy thì tôi phải mô phỏng theo điều đó. Người đó cao. Tôi nên chơi bóng rổ. Nó không hoạt động theo cách đó. Đúng không? Tôi nên, vì vậy nếu tôi muốn giàu, tôi nên bay bằng máy bay riêng. Nó không hoạt động theo cách đó, đúng không? Nó làm rối loạn thứ tự. Và vì vậy, chúng ta phải làm những điều này để có được kết quả. Chúng ta phải tập trung vào chỉ một điều để có được lợi nhuận cao hơn. Và việc phân tán sự chú ý ấy, đặc biệt là khi bạn còn mới mẻ trong sự nghiệp doanh nhân, giống như bạn đã không biết quá nhiều điều. Làm thế nào mà bạn lại muốn có ba bộ không biết mà bạn muốn thử và chinh phục cùng một lúc? Và cái sai lầm trong suy nghĩ là tôi sẽ thử tất cả và xem cái nào hoạt động, nhưng không cái nào sẽ hoạt động vì bạn đang chờ để xem cái nào sẽ hoạt động vì bạn có thể buộc, theo ý kiến của tôi, bạn có thể buộc một điều gì đó hoạt động, với điều kiện như tôi sẽ giả định những điều cơ bản như bạn đang bán, bạn không bán các tờ tiền $5 với giá $4, giống như kinh tế thông thường của một doanh nghiệp, như nếu một doanh nghiệp bất động sản tồn tại, có những người khác đang kiếm được tiền. Có những tiệm salon tóc mà mọi người đang kiếm tiền. Có những dịch vụ cắt cỏ mà mọi người đang kiếm tiền. Bạn có thể kiếm tiền từ tất cả chúng. Bạn chỉ không thể kiếm tiền từ tất cả chúng. Đúng vậy. Nó giống nhau. Và khi bạn bước vào đây hôm nay và ngồi xuống ghế, tôi đã nói, “Chuyện gì đang xảy ra với bạn về mặt nghề nghiệp?” Tôi nhớ những gì bạn đã nói. Bạn đã nói, nhiều điều giống như vậy và tốt hơn, điều này rõ ràng đến từ sự khôn ngoan của bạn. Sự khôn ngoan vô hạn của tôi. Thật ra, chỉ là từ việc chịu đựng, những nỗi khổ của điều này. Những sai lầm lớn nhất trong doanh nhân mà tôi đã mắc phải trong sự nghiệp của mình đều đến từ việc phân tán sự chú ý, từng cái một trong số đó. Tôi đã nói về việc tôi có một doanh nghiệp thương mại điện tử mà tôi gắn thêm vào công ty cấp phép của mình. Tôi không nên làm điều đó. Ngay khi tôi làm như vậy, doanh thu của tôi bắt đầu chậm lại trong sự tăng trưởng. Tại sao bạn làm vậy? Vì tôi bị ADHD. Tôi đã nghĩ, “Ôi, Mike, tôi không muốn bỏ tiền trên bàn.” Và tôi muốn làm điều này một cách quyết liệt. Bạn luôn luôn sẽ bỏ tiền trên bàn. Đó là kết quả của sự tập trung.” Nhưng bạn chỉ đang bỏ một số tiền nhỏ trên bàn để theo đuổi số tiền lớn hơn nhiều đang ở bàn khác, chỉ cần kiên trì với điều mà bạn đang làm hiện tại. Bởi vì sự tích lũy, nếu tôi chỉ ra một biểu đồ ở đây, giống như nếu bạn ở năm thứ ba của việc bạn đang làm và bạn muốn nghĩ đến việc chuyển sang năm không của một thứ mới, bạn phải so sánh có thể năm không của một thứ mới phát triển nhanh hơn, nhưng nó phải phát triển nhanh hơn năm ba đến bốn của thứ mà bạn đang làm ngay bây giờ. Và tôi nghĩ mọi người sẽ so sánh năm không với năm không, nhưng không phải năm bốn với năm không. Và thực tế là, chúng ta có một cuộc sống tuyến tính. Và điều đó là, đó là một so sánh không công bằng nhưng đúng về chi phí cơ hội. Và mọi doanh nhân cực kỳ thành công mà tôi biết đều chỉ gắn bó với một điều trong một khoảng thời gian không hợp lý. Và tôi nghĩ có một câu nói mà tôi muốn nói là của Shane Parish, ông ấy đã nói, “Thành công là làm điều rõ ràng trong một khoảng thời gian phi thường mà không tin rằng bạn thông minh hơn mình.” Và giống như, chúng ta biết những gì chúng ta cần làm, và vì vậy chúng ta không cần làm cho cuộc sống của mình trở nên phức tạp hơn. Sự phức tạp sẽ đến với quy mô, tôi hứa. Vì vậy, chỉ đơn giản là cố gắng làm nhiều hơn những gì bạn đã làm tốt đã đủ khó khăn. Đừng thêm bất cứ thứ gì khác. Và vì vậy nếu bạn cần viết một cam kết nào đó như, tôi sẽ chỉ gắn bó với điều này, thì hãy làm như vậy. Nhưng điều gì xảy ra là, chúng tôi đã nói về các cấp độ trước đó về việc đánh bại các ông chủ. Vì vậy, điều gì xảy ra là, bạn biết cách đánh bại ông chủ một đến ba của trò chơi. Và vì vậy bạn chỉ nói, được rồi, tôi sẽ bắt đầu lại trò chơi và đánh bại ông chủ. Ý tôi là, lần này sẽ khác. Nhưng rồi bạn lại đến cấp độ ba một lần nữa, và rồi bạn lại bị kẹt. Và vì vậy mọi người cứ tiếp tục lên đến cấp độ ba và những nỗ lực mới lặp đi lặp lại vì họ không bao giờ học được cách vượt qua ông chủ đó. Và vì vậy bạn chỉ phải đối mặt với sự không chắc chắn của việc biết rằng bạn không biết cách làm điều đó, nhưng bạn sẽ tìm ra nếu bạn tiếp tục thực hiện đủ các lần lặp. Và đó là nơi bạn nói chuyện với càng nhiều người càng tốt. Bạn xem họ đã nói gì, bạn hợp nhất tất cả lại, và bạn nói, tôi nghĩ đây là con đường có khả năng cao nhất. Nó có thể không hoạt động. Nhưng tôi thực sự tin rằng nếu chúng ta cắt tóc cho mọi người tốt, và chúng ta làm điều đó trong một khoảng thời gian dài, chúng ta sẽ có một doanh nghiệp phát triển mạnh. Và nếu chúng ta có một mô hình thực sự tốt từ điều đó, chúng ta có thể mở thêm một địa điểm khác. Và nếu chúng ta giữ chi phí của mình thấp, chúng ta có thể có một mô hình thực tế mà chúng ta có thể đầu tư vốn của riêng mình hoặc mang ai đó vào và đưa nó ra toàn quốc. Giống như tất cả những điều này, tôi vẫn chưa tìm thấy một doanh nghiệp nào không thể đạt được 100 triệu đô la mỗi năm mà có một biến thể của nó tồn tại. Bạn là một tiệm giặt khô. Ổn thôi. Thật tuyệt. Chúng ta sẽ xây dựng mô hình. Và hoặc là chúng ta sẽ cấp phép mô hình, chúng ta có thể nhượng quyền mô hình ra, chúng ta có thể tìm các nhà đầu tư bên ngoài, chúng ta có thể mở rộng nó ra toàn quốc, chúng ta có thể làm điều đó. Nhưng những mục tiêu điên rồ chỉ điên rồ vì mọi người có những khung thời gian điên rồ. Chúng thực sự là những mục tiêu hợp lý nếu bạn kéo dài khung thời gian lên. Nếu bạn có một mục tiêu 10 năm thực sự hoặc một mục tiêu 20 năm thực sự, gần như bất cứ điều gì cũng có thể đạt được.
    Ý tôi là, hầu hết các công ty đa tỷ đô đều trải qua giai đoạn, bạn biết đấy, thường là khoảng từ năm thứ sáu đến năm thứ mười khi các công ty đạt được những con số lớn. Và hầu hết những người đang nghe điều này đều đã có năm thứ năm trong hành trình khởi nghiệp, nhưng bạn chỉ mới có sáu tháng trong dự án mà bạn đang làm hiện tại. Và bạn lại tiếp tục khởi động lại thời gian để đạt tới năm thứ mười mỗi khi bạn bắt đầu lại. Tôi nghĩ đó là phần mà tôi đã mất rất nhiều thời gian để nhận ra. Và tôi nghĩ rằng điều này cũng xảy ra với nhiều doanh nhân, ai cũng thử nghiệm với rất nhiều thứ ở giai đoạn đầu vì bạn chỉ đơn giản là không biết mình đang làm gì.
    Theo kinh nghiệm của tôi, mất khoảng năm năm để hầu hết các doanh nhân mà tôi biết tìm được cái gì đó hoạt động. Như vậy, mất khoảng năm năm để tìm ra hướng bắc. Và sau đó là thêm khoảng năm năm nữa. Đối với nhiều người, đó là tất cả, họ bắt đầu lại, họ gặp thất bại. Và mất thêm năm năm để xây dựng thứ có thể tạo ra tài sản vượt thế hệ. Vì vậy, đó là một hành trình kéo dài khoảng mười năm.
    Và đây là sự thật khó khăn. Nếu bạn có một công việc ngay bây giờ, trong gần như toàn bộ năm năm đó, bạn sẽ bỏ công việc của mình vì bạn không muốn làm việc vất vả như thế và bạn muốn kiếm nhiều tiền hơn. Ngay sau khi bạn bỏ việc, bạn sẽ nhận ra rằng bạn sẽ phải làm việc nhiều hơn bạn đã từng làm, và bạn sẽ kiếm được ít tiền hơn trong một khoảng thời gian dài. Lợi ích duy nhất là bạn có thể gánh vác toàn bộ trách nhiệm về việc bạn làm ít tiền và làm nhiều như thế nào, vì bạn sẽ nghĩ, “Sếp của tôi là một kẻ ngốc, và chính tôi cũng vậy.” Nhưng đó là sự thật.
    Và tôi nghĩ rằng theo một cách nào đó, có sự ngây thơ lạc quan đó thực sự là một trong những đặc điểm rất đáng quý của các doanh nhân. Một trong những phần khó khăn thực sự là bước nhảy vọt lớn nhất mà bạn phải thực hiện ngay lập tức được củng cố từ sự tự do mà bạn có để có thể định hình con đường riêng của mình. Nhưng thành công lớn mà bạn đạt được khi bỏ một thứ và bắt đầu một thứ khác, bạn cần phải ngay lập tức quên đi. Và tôi nghĩ rằng về căn bản, đó là lý do tại sao rất nhiều doanh nhân vẫn tiếp tục làm điều đó bởi vì lần đầu tiên bạn thực hiện nó, nó mang lại cảm giác mạnh mẽ nhất. Bạn bỏ công việc, bạn làm kinh doanh, và bạn có được một chút tác động ban đầu. Đồng đô la đầu tiên bạn kiếm được khi kinh doanh mới, nó như là đồng đô la tốt nhất từ trước đến nay. Nhưng nó là một sự củng cố mạnh mẽ, mà nó củng cố gì? Nó củng cố việc dừng lại những gì bạn đang làm và bắt đầu một cái khác.
    Và vì thế, tôi nghĩ rằng một trong những sai lầm cơ bản trong khởi nghiệp là đôi khi việc nhảy tàu để bắt đầu cái gì đó là bài học mà bạn cần ngay lập tức quên đi, vì sau đó bạn phải chỉ đơn giản là gắn bó với nó trong một khoảng thời gian rất dài. Cũng có một điều nữa là các doanh nhân không vào việc khởi nghiệp với niềm tin rằng giả thuyết của họ sai. Vì vậy, trong năm đầu tiên hoặc bảy tháng sau khi nhận ra rằng giả thuyết ban đầu của họ sai, họ nghĩ rằng điều đó có nghĩa là phải từ bỏ vì giả thuyết của họ sai. Trong khi các doanh nhân thành công mà tôi đã gặp, đặc biệt là những người sáng lập lần thứ hai, nhận ra rằng giả thuyết của họ gần như chắc chắn sai ngay từ đầu. Và quá trình bắt đầu là để điều chỉnh và tìm ra một giả thuyết mới.
    Tôi nghĩ về Mark Zuckerberg trong phòng của anh ấy, với cái ứng dụng đổi mặt hay bất kỳ điều gì đánh giá sự hấp dẫn của mọi người. Và bây giờ thì có một công ty AI thực tế ảo. Nhưng hiểu rằng giả thuyết của bạn sai ngay từ đầu và rằng đây là một quá trình tìm ra giả thuyết mới, tôi nghĩ sẽ giúp bạn có thêm chút kiên nhẫn hơn trong những chu kỳ khủng hoảng ý nghĩa và các vấn đề tương tự. Vậy có hai điều. Thứ nhất, tôi đã có một tweet trở nên siêu viral, nhưng đó là của một người sáng lập lần đầu, “Này, tôi cần bạn ký một NDA trước khi tôi nói cho bạn ý tưởng kinh doanh của tôi.” Tôi biết bạn đã nhận được, tôi biết bạn biết. Người sáng lập lần thứ ba, đây là tất cả những gì tôi có. Đây là tất cả tài liệu. Đây là tất cả dự đoán. Chắc chắn có thể tất cả đều sai và có thể điều này sẽ không hoạt động. Nhưng tôi có một vài người thông minh và tôi nghĩ rằng chúng tôi sẽ có thể tìm ra. Nó có thể sẽ tốn nhiều thời gian hơn và nhiều chi phí hơn chúng tôi nghĩ. Nhưng chúng tôi nghĩ rằng nó đáng để thử. Vì mọi người đã từng ở cả hai bên của điều đó hiểu, như là các doanh nhân thì đã trải qua điều đó, vì họ như, “Ôi trời ơi, tôi đã là người đó,” và tất cả các nhà đầu tư đều hiểu vì họ như, “Ôi trời ơi, tôi phải làm việc với người này suốt.”
    Nhưng thực sự điều mà bạn vừa nói với nhiều, nhiều lần lặp lại từ ý tưởng ban đầu của bạn cho đến những gì thực sự xảy ra lại một lần nữa, là một trong những minh chứng về sự khác biệt giữa người mới bắt đầu và chuyên gia, người mới bắt đầu có tư duy nhị phân. Họ nghĩ rằng cái này hoạt động hoặc không hoạt động. Và nếu nó không hoạt động, thì tôi cần một ý tưởng mới thay vì có tư duy tinh tế của một bậc thầy hay một chuyên gia hoặc một người nâng cao, người nói, “Thế còn cái này? Nếu tôi phân tích nó, tôi sẽ chia nó thành các thành phần.” Thế còn cái này? Không hoạt động. Được rồi. Không phải là quảng cáo trên Meta không hoạt động hay quảng cáo không hoạt động. Mà là chúng tôi không nắm bắt được điểm thu hút trong quảng cáo của chúng tôi hoặc chúng tôi không làm rõ đủ lời đề nghị trên trang đích hoặc nó không phù hợp với quảng cáo hoặc, bạn biết đấy, lời đề nghị của ai đó không hấp dẫn lắm hoặc không có, nó không giống như, chúng tôi, mọi người đều vào và nói, “Vâng, tôi cũng muốn cái đó, nhưng đó thực sự là vấn đề của tôi.” Chúng tôi không giải quyết được vấn đề cốt lõi. Vì vậy, nó luôn nằm ở chi tiết. Nó luôn nằm ở việc sàng lọc qua nhiều điều nhỏ mà bạn tìm thấy hạt nhân mà cuối cùng sẽ sửa chữa doanh nghiệp.
    Ý tôi là, tôi biết rằng Facebook đã cố gắng giải quyết vấn đề về độ lan truyền của họ và họ đã bị khóa trong một căn phòng nhiều ngày, cố gắng tìm ra cách để có thể giữ chân nhiều người dùng hơn trên nền tảng. Mọi người sẽ đăng ký, nhưng sau đó họ sẽ không làm gì cả và sau đó họ sẽ rời đi.
    Và cuối cùng, um, Zuck chỉ nói, được rồi, chúng ta có niềm tin rằng nếu mọi người có nhiều bạn bè hơn thì họ sẽ tham gia nhiều hơn. Và họ đã không làm vậy, và đây là điều, với sự không chắc chắn, họ không thể chứng minh điều đó. Anh ấy chỉ cảm thấy rằng điều đó tốt hơn là họ không có bạn bè. Và vì vậy, anh ấy đã nói, được rồi, mục tiêu mới là có 10 bạn trong 14 ngày. Đó là mục tiêu. Tạo ra trải nghiệm để chúng ta có thể giới thiệu cho họ 10 người hoặc kết nối họ với 10 người mà họ đã biết trên nền tảng trong vòng 14 ngày. Và ngay khi điều đó xảy ra, thì rõ ràng Facebook đã phát triển mạnh mẽ hoặc tiếp tục tăng trưởng. Và anh ấy không nghĩ rằng, Oh, Facebook không còn hiệu quả nữa hay mạng xã hội không còn là một điều gì đó. Mà thực sự, mọi thứ thường nhỏ hơn rất nhiều và sự điều chỉnh mà bạn cần phải thực hiện thường tinh tế hơn so với những gì bạn ban đầu mong đợi. Nếu nguyên tắc cơ bản như việc cắt tóc, cắt cỏ, hoặc bất cứ điều gì, là vấn đề này tồn tại và tôi có thể tính phí một số tiền nhất định và kiếm lợi nhuận từ nó. Thì không có gì sai với doanh nghiệp này. Câu hỏi chỉ là, cái rào cản nào đang kìm hãm chúng ta lại? Và thường thì khi zoom vào rào cản và nhận ra rằng có 20 yếu tố đang góp phần vào kết quả, chứ không chỉ một. Và đó là nơi mà chuyên môn phát huy tác dụng, và bạn phát triển chuyên môn đó bằng cách thử nghiệm và thất bại. Và đó chính là bản chất của trò chơi này. Vì vậy, tôi nghĩ bạn phải có một sự chịu đựng cực kỳ cao với thất bại mà không nội tâm hóa nó và cảm thấy rằng bạn là một thất bại do thất bại. Chà, đây là điều mà tôi muốn nói. Khi tôi bắt đầu doanh nghiệp đầu tiên của mình ở tuổi 18 mang tên Warpark, mạng xã hội, hay bất cứ điều gì, tôi nghĩ rằng trò chơi là phải đúng. Tôi đã học hỏi từ các doanh nghiệp sau này rằng thực sự trò chơi của tinh thần khởi nghiệp là phải thành công và chúng thực sự là hai điều rất khác nhau. Để chiến thắng. Bởi vì khi bạn muốn đúng, bạn không chỉ muốn trở thành giám đốc điều hành mà còn muốn giả thuyết mà bạn đưa ra trong bộ tài liệu thuyết trình đầu tiên thành sự thật. Và ngay cả khi khách hàng nói với bạn rằng bạn đã sai, bạn vẫn cố gắng ép buộc giả thuyết đó. Nhưng khi trò chơi của bạn là để thành công, có một vài điều thú vị mà tôi nhận thấy xảy ra. Một trong số đó là, tôi thấy các nhà sáng lập nói rằng, thực ra, có thể tôi không phải là người tốt nhất để trở thành giám đốc điều hành. Dù tôi đã sáng lập ra nó, có thể tôi nên là giám đốc thương hiệu. Khi tôi nghĩ về một số công ty hàng đầu ở Vương quốc Anh, đại diện chỉ có giá trị 100 triệu, doanh nghiệp của Jim Sharp có giá trị 1,5 tỷ, doanh nghiệp của Julian có lẽ có giá trị 1 tỷ. Tôi tham gia vào một số doanh nghiệp này theo những cách khác nhau. Và điểm chung của tất cả họ là ở một thời điểm nào đó, người sáng lập đã đặt cái tôi của mình đứng thứ hai so với sự thành công của doanh nghiệp. Họ nói, thực ra, tôi không phải là giám đốc điều hành tốt nhất. Tôi nên là trưởng bộ phận thương hiệu hoặc marketing hoặc sản phẩm hoặc bất cứ điều gì. Và đó là sự thay đổi tư duy từ việc, tôi cần phải đúng và tôi cần phải đứng đầu để đúng sang việc, điều này cần phải thành công. Và điều này trở lại với câu hỏi về ai, nếu bạn, nếu bạn, vào một thời điểm nào đó, nếu bạn muốn có một công ty thực sự cực kỳ thành công, nó sẽ cần nhiều tuổi đời chuyên gia hơn những gì bạn có thể sống. Và vì vậy nó trở thành một trò chơi tuyển dụng. Gần như ngay lập tức, hầu hết mọi doanh nghiệp trở thành việc tuyển dụng. Như là làm thế nào tôi, nghĩa là, nếu bạn nghe Zuck nói về điều đó, bạn nghe Elon nói về điều đó, bạn nghe Steve Jobs nói về điều đó. Steve đã nói về việc những người chơi giỏi nhất mà anh ấy có trong công ty, anh ấy sẽ dành khoảng một năm đến 18 tháng để đưa họ vào. Và anh ấy đã nói, mỗi lần tôi biết tôi muốn ai. Sau đó tôi sẽ, anh ấy nói, bạn biết đấy, tôi sẽ nhận một số cuộc gọi từ những người khác và tôi chỉ nghĩ, nhưng họ không phải là John. Họ không phải là John. Vì vậy, anh ấy sẽ cứ làm việc với họ và làm việc với họ và làm việc với họ. Và cuối cùng họ như, bạn biết không, được rồi. Họ từ bỏ. Và họ như, nếu người này kiên trì như vậy, có lẽ anh ấy sẽ trở thành một doanh nhân thành công. Anh ấy sẽ đưa chúng ta đến đó. Và tôi nghĩ rằng mọi người là yếu tố có sức ảnh hưởng nhất mà bạn có thể mang vào công ty, ngoài, bạn biết đấy, công nghệ điên rồ. Một trong những video yêu thích của tôi mọi thời đại là nơi Steve Jobs, người mà bạn vừa nhắc đến, nói về việc tuyển dụng những người thực sự xuất sắc. Và anh ấy nói những điều tương tự như, tôi sẽ trình chiếu trên màn hình. Anh ấy nói, um, mọi người nghĩ rằng sự thành công của Apple là hệ quả của tôi và tài năng và kỹ năng của tôi. Nhưng điều tôi đã thực sự làm là đã xây dựng sự nghiệp của mình dựa trên việc tuyển dụng những người thực sự xuất sắc, làm công việc cực kỳ khó khăn để tìm họ và tuyển dụng họ. Và điều kỳ diệu xảy ra khi bạn làm điều đó là nó lan tỏa. Những người A muốn làm việc với những người A khác. Họ cũng tuyển dụng những người A và nó lan tỏa. Tôi nghĩ rằng chính là video này. Tôi đã xây dựng rất nhiều thành công của mình dựa vào việc tìm những người thực sự có tài năng này và không chấp nhận những người B và C, mà thực sự cố gắng tìm kiếm những người A. Và tôi đã tìm ra một điều. Tôi đã tìm thấy rằng khi bạn tập hợp đủ những người A lại với nhau, khi bạn làm việc tuyệt vời để tìm, bạn biết đấy, năm người A này, họ rất thích làm việc với nhau vì họ chưa bao giờ có cơ hội làm điều đó trước đây. Và họ không muốn làm việc với những người B và C. Và vì vậy nó trở thành tự quản lý và họ chỉ muốn tuyển thêm nhiều người A nữa. Và vì vậy bạn xây dựng những nhóm người A này và nó lan tỏa. Vấn đề là, cũng giống như tiền bạc sẽ không khiến bạn hạnh phúc. Đây là một trong những điều mà mọi nhà sáng lập phải tìm ra cho bản thân. Nhưng vấn đề là, và tôi đã có nhiều cuộc trò chuyện xung quanh điều này, nhưng như những gì bạn nghĩ là một người A hôm nay không phải là những gì bạn sẽ nghĩ là một người A trong năm năm tới.
    Và vì vậy, tôi nghĩ rằng một trong những “mánh khóe” tâm lý khó khăn nhất trong việc này là cố gắng hình dung bản thân vào tương lai, vào quy mô doanh nghiệp mà bạn muốn có và tự hỏi, ai sẽ là những người A player trong quy mô đó? Sau đó, quay trở lại hiện tại và tự hỏi, làm thế nào để tôi có được họ làm việc cho tôi ngay hôm nay?
    Và thực sự thì đó là một quá trình tâm lý dành cho bất kỳ ai có doanh nghiệp tại thời điểm này và có một số nhân viên. Nếu bạn, giống như mọi người hiện nay, có lẽ bạn có một phiên bản nào đó của A player, vì mỗi doanh nghiệp đều có ít nhất một, hy vọng là như vậy, đúng không? Ngoài bạn ra, hãy tưởng tượng doanh nghiệp của bạn có năm người như vậy, như là hình ảnh trong đầu bạn, bạn có một người, giờ bạn có năm người.
    Bạn sẽ kiếm được bao nhiêu hơn? Bạn có gấp đôi, gấp năm, gấp mười hay gấp năm mươi? Và đôi khi bạn nhận ra, không, thực sự tôi có thể gấp mười. Và nếu trường hợp đó xảy ra, một, không chỉ bạn sẽ gấp mười công ty, mà thứ hai, giá trị của công ty sẽ tăng hơn gấp mười lần vì nó sẽ không còn phụ thuộc nhiều vào bạn và sẽ phụ thuộc nhiều hơn vào đội ngũ mà bạn đã xây dựng.
    Thứ ba, điều đó sẽ diễn ra nhanh hơn vì bạn sẽ có nhiều “còi” đang hoạt động đồng thời đẩy mọi thứ tiến lên. Và các yếu tố đó, khi được kết hợp lại, bạn phải tự hỏi từ góc độ chi phí cơ hội, hoạt động nào khác mà tôi có thể làm mà có khả năng tăng gấp mười công ty của mình, thực hiện nhanh hơn và tăng giá trị doanh nghiệp? Điều đó không phải là như vậy.
    Và nếu bạn không thể tìm ra một cái nào, thì có nghĩa là bạn đang làm việc trên những thứ sai lầm. Và tôi nghĩ đó là một trong những bài kiểm tra quan trọng: nếu tôi có thể tìm ra điều gì đó, và tôi sẽ cho bạn một ví dụ đơn giản không liên quan đến con người, dựa vào tài năng, cái gì đó đơn giản như gọi điện cho các khách hàng tiềm năng của bạn.
    Có rất nhiều nghiên cứu cho thấy rằng bạn có thể tăng gấp bốn hoặc năm lần tỷ lệ chuyển đổi của các khách hàng tiềm năng bằng cách gọi cho họ trong vòng 60 giây sau khi họ đăng ký cho bất kỳ sản phẩm nào mà bạn có. Nếu bạn có tất cả các ưu tiên này trong công ty, có cái nào có khả năng cao để làm tăng gấp bốn hoặc năm lần doanh nghiệp của bạn ngay lập tức với chi phí rất thấp, thậm chí ít hơn so với việc chỉ gọi các khách hàng tiềm năng trong vòng 60 giây không?
    Nếu câu trả lời là không, thì trời ơi, tại sao bạn không gọi tất cả các khách hàng tiềm năng của mình trong vòng 60 giây? Câu hỏi FOB là, tôi không có đủ người để gọi tất cả các khách hàng tiềm năng trong vòng 60 giây. Và sau đó, chúng ta sẽ hỏi, vậy giá trị thu nhập gấp bốn lần của doanh nghiệp bạn đáng giá bao nhiêu? Được rồi, chi phí thuê một người chỉ có nhiệm vụ gọi điện cho các khách hàng tiềm năng là bao nhiêu?
    Gần đây, tôi đã nói chuyện với một công ty phục hồi, chuyên làm sửa chữa thiệt hại do nước cho các ngôi nhà khi chúng bị bão. Và anh ấy nói với tôi rằng anh ta đã chuyển đổi 55% khách hàng tiềm năng của mình, không phải cuộc gọi, mà là khách hàng tiềm năng. Tôi đã tự hỏi làm thế nào mà anh ta có thể làm điều này? Tôi hỏi họ có bao nhiêu khách hàng tiềm năng mỗi ngày? Anh ta nói hai hoặc ba.
    Tôi đã hỏi, quy trình nào vậy? Anh ta đáp, à, thật đơn giản. Tôi trả cho dì của tôi 60.000 đô la một năm và cô ấy chỉ có một nhiệm vụ. Cô ấy không có trách nhiệm gì trong công ty ngoài việc khi có một khách hàng tiềm năng, bạn ngừng quan hệ với chồng, ngừng nấu nướng, ngừng yêu thương con cái, và ngay lập tức gọi cho khách hàng tiềm năng đó. Đó là trách nhiệm duy nhất. Cô ấy chỉ cần thực hiện ba cuộc gọi mỗi ngày ngay khi có khách hàng tiềm năng.
    Và anh ta trả cho cô ấy 60.000 đô la, và điều đó mang lại hàng triệu đô la doanh thu. Và vì vậy bạn không chi tiêu từ những đồng tiền bạn có ngay bây giờ, bạn sẽ chi tiêu từ những đồng tiền bạn sẽ kiếm được mà bạn chưa kiếm được vì bạn chưa làm điều đó. Và vì vậy, hãy kết nối điều đó với mọi người. Tôi nghĩ rằng thời điểm khó khăn nhất, chúng tôi gọi đó là “bùn” tại acquisition.com, nhưng thường thì nó nằm trong khoảng từ một đến ba triệu là bùn.
    Và tôi nghĩ rằng có lý do theo con số tại sao đây là giai đoạn khó khăn đối với các doanh nhân. Giả sử một triệu để tính toán đơn giản. Nếu bạn có một doanh nghiệp trị giá một triệu đô la, giả sử rằng bạn có biên lợi nhuận 20%. Điều đó có nghĩa là bạn đang kiếm được 200.000 đô la mỗi năm. Để có được một A player, có lẽ bạn sẽ phải tốn 100% lợi nhuận của mình để có được A player đó.
    Và vì vậy, bạn sẽ gặp phải lựa chọn dường như là không thể. Bạn sẽ tự hỏi, tôi có nên hy sinh gần như 100% lợi nhuận của mình để mang được người này vào không? Hay tôi có nên làm thêm sáu tiếng mỗi ngày để làm công việc mà người này đang làm? Cả hai con đường đều khả thi. Cả hai đều đau đớn và rủi ro vì việc làm việc quá sức có thể giúp bạn vượt qua giai đoạn đó, và giờ bạn có thể đạt đến ba hoặc bốn triệu và 20% sẽ là 800.000, bạn có thể chi 200.000, bạn vẫn có dòng tiền, bạn vẫn có thể sống.
    Nhưng nhược điểm của việc chọn con đường chọn người là nếu bạn chọn sai thì sao? Và điều này, thưa các quý ông và các quý bà, là lý do tại sao các doanh nhân có được lợi nhuận cao hơn, vì chúng ta nhận những rủi ro bên ngoài. Và vì vậy công việc này là chúng ta phải sẵn sàng đưa ra những lựa chọn không thể. Và phần lớn các lựa chọn dành cho các doanh nhân trong kinh doanh là những lựa chọn không thể giữa hai kịch bản tương đối tồi tệ, vì phần còn lại của các lựa chọn thậm chí không cảm thấy như là một sự lựa chọn vì chúng rất rõ ràng.
    Tất nhiên, chúng ta nên thúc đẩy nhanh hơn. Tất nhiên, chúng ta nên theo dõi nhiều hơn. Tất nhiên, chúng ta nên cố gắng tiếp nhận nhanh hơn. Được rồi. Tất cả những điều này đều là những điều hiển nhiên. Nhưng khi bạn có, tôi đang cố gắng nghĩ những điều mà tôi không, tôi không, hầu như tất cả các quyết định mà bạn gặp khó khăn, và Elon đã nói điều này rất tuyệt. Ông ấy nói, điều hành một doanh nghiệp giống như nhìn ra hố thẳm và nhai thủy tinh. Ông ấy nói, bởi vì phần nhìn ra hố thẳm đó chỉ đơn giản là việc này có thể không bao giờ hoạt động và bạn luôn phải đối mặt với rủi ro tồn tại cho doanh nghiệp.
    Và thành phần khó khăn trong công việc là bạn sẽ, theo bản chất của vai trò của mình, phải đối mặt với những vấn đề tồi tệ nhất trong doanh nghiệp và những vấn đề mà không ai khác có thể giải quyết.
    Vì vậy, một là những vấn đề mà mọi người không thể giải quyết.
    Hai là những vấn đề tồi tệ nhất.
    Hoặc những vấn đề mà họ không muốn giải quyết và chúng thật khó chịu.
    Và vì thế bạn về cơ bản trở thành một bộ lọc cho những điều tồi tệ nhất và đó là lý do tại sao bạn cảm thấy như đang ở trong một đám cháy mỗi ngày trong doanh nghiệp.
    Bởi vì bạn là người duy nhất có thể đưa ra những quyết định khó khăn, vì không ai khác muốn phải chọn giữa hai lựa chọn không thể. Bạn tự hỏi, tại sao lại khó khăn như vậy?
    Và điều đáng lưu ý là, nó thực sự không bao giờ ngừng khó khăn.
    Currency mà bạn phải trả cho sự khó khăn đó thay đổi.
    Và vì vậy, bạn biết đấy, nhiều người có hình ảnh rằng kinh doanh phải khó khăn, nhưng tôi không nghĩ rằng đó là nơi mà sự khó khăn xuất phát.
    Tôi nghĩ rằng khó khăn là ở mỗi cấp độ trong doanh nghiệp, có những hy sinh mới mà bạn không biết rằng mình sẽ phải thực hiện.
    Bởi vì nếu chỉ đơn giản là, ôi, tôi phải làm việc nhiều giờ, thì có rất nhiều người làm việc nhiều giờ trong doanh nghiệp của họ mà không phát triển.
    Và thường thì điều đó xảy ra vì họ không sẵn sàng có một cuộc trò chuyện khó.
    Đó là một cái giá khác, đúng không?
    Họ phải chấp nhận rủi ro.
    Đó là một cái giá khác.
    Họ phải, họ phải, họ phải đặt cược vào một điều gì đó, đúng không?
    Mà họ trước đó không phải làm.
    Họ gặp phải một số vấn đề pháp lý.
    Có một nhân viên cố gắng kiện họ vì một lý do nào đó, đúng không?
    Đột nhiên bạn tự hỏi, chờ đã, tất cả những điều này đang xảy ra và chúng xảy ra thường xuyên.
    Và ở mỗi cấp độ, bạn mở khóa các cấp độ kính mới mà bạn phải xuyên qua.
    Và đó là lý do tại sao như hầu hết doanh nhân, theo ý kiến của tôi, không thực sự bỏ cuộc, họ chỉ lụi tàn.
    Vì vậy, không phải là một vụ nổ lớn.
    Thường thì, họ chỉ ngừng tìm kiếm.
    Họ không còn khao khát nữa ở cấp độ mà họ đang ở và chỉ dừng lại ở đó.
    Đôi khi họ nói rằng, chỉ đơn giản là không đáng giá để đổi chác.
    Và tôi tôn trọng điều đó.
    Họ nói, bạn biết không, tôi đạt được một triệu đô la một năm và tôi không muốn nhiều hơn nữa.
    Tốt thôi.
    Bạn đã thắng.
    Xin chúc mừng.
    Như bạn đã thắng trong cuộc sống.
    Nhưng hầu hết thời gian họ không thực sự bỏ cuộc.
    Họ chỉ ngừng cố gắng.
    Và rồi họ hoặc trôi đi hoặc chỉ lụi tàn vào hư vô.
    Đó chỉ là trải nghiệm của tôi khi tôi, tôi chắc rằng bạn đã thấy điều này, đã trải qua những chu kỳ của các doanh nhân.
    Nó giống như các mùa.
    Giống như, ôi, tôi đã bước vào, thậm chí như trong lĩnh vực truyền thông và influencer, bất cứ điều gì.
    Nó giống như, có rất nhiều người mà 10 năm trước, bây giờ là một bối cảnh khác so với cách đây 10 năm.
    Một số người đã thích ứng.
    Một số người thì chỉ, họ chỉ không thích, họ không muốn tiêu hóa cái kính mới, tức là: làm thế nào để tôi học TikTok?
    Làm thế nào để tôi học?
    Nhưng mà, blog thì rất tốt.
    Nó giống như, vâng, nhưng bây giờ thì không còn nữa.
    Tôi đã nói chuyện với một doanh nhân rất lớn.
    Nhiều trăm triệu đô la mỗi năm doanh thu và anh ấy nói, bạn biết không, chúng tôi đã thực sự thành công với quảng cáo trên TV.
    Và anh ấy nói, chúng tôi chỉ, bạn biết không, chúng tôi thực sự cần phải thành công với YouTube.
    Và tôi nghĩ trong đầu, bạn biết không, đây là năm 2024, như bạn cần phải thành công với YouTube 10 năm trước thì mới đúng, và anh ấy có đủ nguồn lực để làm điều đó, nhưng đó chỉ là một loại khó khăn khác.
    Và vì vậy, hầu hết những khó khăn là một, một mức độ không chắc chắn mà đi vào và gần như chắc chắn là sự thất bại ngay lập tức, vì điều đầu tiên bạn sẽ làm có thể sẽ không thành công.
    Và lại nữa, đó là những lần lặp lại mà bạn vào lĩnh vực mới, bạn phải chuyển giao kiến thức tổng quát của mình, đó là với tư cách là một doanh nhân, tôi sẽ biết rằng điều này không hoạt động, có thể, vì tôi chỉ biết bốn điều về nó.
    Và tôi cần biết khoảng 400 điều.
    Và vì vậy tôi sẽ có cơ hội đầu tiên và tôi cần phải chính xác ở hướng rồi cứ tiếp tục làm nhiều hơn như vậy.
    Và vì vậy tôi đã đưa ra kiểu học tập tư vấn giống như một lĩnh vực mới.
    Nhưng nếu bạn muốn học một kỹ năng mới, cách nhanh nhất mà tôi làm, mà không phải thông qua các khóa học hay bất cứ điều gì, là một khối lượng hoạt động khổng lồ.
    Vì vậy, cho dù đó là như, tôi muốn thực hiện nhiều cuộc gọi bán hàng, tôi muốn thực hiện nhiều hoạt động tiếp cận, tôi muốn tạo ra nhiều nội dung.
    Tôi muốn thực hiện nhiều cuộc gọi thành công khách hàng, bất cứ điều gì đi nữa, bạn thực hiện 100 trong số đó.
    Và sau đó bạn nói, 10% hàng đầu trong số này là gì?
    Được rồi, 10% hàng đầu này có khác gì so với 90% còn lại không?
    Và sau đó, tôi nói, được rồi, những cái này có ba điều khác nhau.
    Hãy thử làm ba điều đó cho 100 tiếp theo.
    Và sau đó, vì sự đa dạng của cuộc sống, sẽ có một số biến số mới xảy ra mà bạn nhìn vào 10% hàng đầu trong 100 tiếp theo.
    Và bạn nói, được rồi, chúng tôi đã làm ba cái đó, nhưng còn hai điều nữa đã xảy ra ở 10 cái này so với 90 cái còn lại.
    Bây giờ hãy làm tất cả năm điều đó.
    Và theo thời gian, đây là cách bạn phát triển danh sách kiểm tra để tạo ra nội dung chất lượng cao và video chất lượng cao.
    Và tôi chắc chắn rằng có đoạn video này, David Pearl nói về quá trình sáng tạo của Chris Rock.
    Và anh ấy nói, làm cách nào mà bạn thấy Chris Rock ở Madison Square Garden?
    Và đó là 60 phút chỉ toàn tiếng cười.
    Bạn tự hỏi, làm thế nào mà người này lại hài hước đến vậy?
    Và đó là vì điều bạn không thấy là nhiều câu lạc bộ nhỏ và câu lạc bộ đầu tiên mà anh ấy đến, anh ấy thực hiện một set dài một giờ và có khoảng ba khoảnh khắc mà mọi người cười rất nhiều.
    Và anh ấy có khoảng năm phút tốt và 55 phút còn lại thì cơ bản là không hay.
    Và lần tiếp theo anh ấy đến một câu lạc bộ, anh ấy lấy năm phút đó, đặt lên đầu và sau đó thử tất cả các chất liệu mới trong 55 phút tiếp theo và có thêm năm phút nữa.
    Và anh ấy tiếp tục lặp lại quá trình này và đặt những thứ mới lên đầu cho đến cuối cùng có 60 phút không ngừng tiếng cười.
    Và rồi mọi người thường nói, ôi Chúa ơi, anh ấy tài năng quá, tôi không thể tin rằng anh ấy chỉ cần đứng trên đó và nói vào micro và làm cho mọi người cười. Vượt qua ranh giới tuổi tác, vượt qua ranh giới văn hóa, vượt qua, bạn biết đấy, tất cả các ranh giới mà bạn có thể tưởng tượng. Làm thế nào mà anh ấy lại có thể hài hước với tất cả mọi người? Đó là cách mà anh ấy làm. Làm thế nào mà người đó lại giỏi viết đến vậy? Chà, anh ấy đã xem lại những thứ mà anh ấy viết. Anh ấy tìm ra những điều tốt nhất, biến chúng thành một vài thứ mà anh ấy luôn làm và rồi tiếp tục viết. Và đó về cơ bản là quá trình học bất kỳ điều gì. Và thường thì đó không phải chỉ là một điều. Đó là nhiều điều nhỏ mà khi cộng lại, tạo ra những kết quả vượt trội. Xin lỗi, điều đó hơi giống một bài giảng ở đây. Tôi thật sự rất quyết liệt về việc thu nhận kỹ năng vì đó là những gì cần thiết. Thật thú vị. Nhưng thật thú vị khi thấy hành trình của bạn qua đó và cách bạn đã kết thúc ở việc thu nhận kỹ năng, bởi vì khi bạn trải qua, có ba điều mà tôi đang nghĩ đến và tôi đã cố gắng viết chúng ra. Điều đầu tiên, ở trên cùng của danh sách là bạn đã nêu chi tiết ba lý do tại sao việc thuê một người xuất sắc khi bạn đối mặt với nghịch lý “tôi nên làm gì với lợi nhuận của mình?” Thật hợp lý. Một trong những điều lớn mà tôi nghe từ các nhà sáng lập là họ không nhận ra rằng để tiếp tục trong thời gian dài, bạn cần có một loại điều tiết cảm xúc nào đó. Và khi bạn nói về các cấp độ khác nhau của kinh doanh và mỗi cấp độ bạn có nhiều vấn đề hơn, điều tôi thường thấy là một người sáng lập trẻ chưa thuê những cấp độ ở giữa để xử lý tất cả các loại vấn đề khác nhau đó và họ cảm thấy kiệt sức và nghĩ đến việc bỏ cuộc. Tôi đã có một người trong văn phòng của tôi tuần trước và cô ấy dự kiến xây dựng một doanh nghiệp khoảng 50 triệu đô la trong năm nay và câu hỏi đầu tiên tôi hỏi cô ấy là đội ngũ điều hành của bạn là gì? Và cô ấy chỉ lắc đầu và nói, tôi không có đội ngũ điều hành. Cô ấy đã đăng một bài trên mạng xã hội, cơ bản là trong nước mắt nói rằng cô ấy sắp bỏ cuộc. Cô ấy có một doanh nghiệp trị giá từ 30 đến 50 triệu đô la. Nó phát triển như cháy rừng, nhưng cô ấy gần như sắp bỏ nó vì cô ấy đang phải xử lý từng vấn đề một. Và thường thì các nhà sáng lập nói với tôi rằng họ nghĩ rằng vì họ đang trải qua nhiều khó khăn ở giai đoạn từ một đến ba triệu, nên sẽ mãi mãi chỉ là nỗi đau khổng lồ. Và tôi đã nói với họ về điều mà tôi gọi là miền đất hứa. Tôi rất thích điều này! Bởi vì trong hai, ba năm đầu tiên của doanh nghiệp của tôi, tôi đã nghĩ rằng mãi mãi tôi sẽ phải xử lý mọi vấn đề. Jenny trong văn phòng đang tức giận với Dave và vào tối thứ Bảy khi họ say rượu, họ đã làm một điều mà họ không nên làm. Và tôi nhận ra rằng vấn đề là tôi chưa giải quyết việc thuê những cấp độ này, vì vậy mọi thứ đều đổ dồn về tôi. Và gánh nặng về cảm xúc đối với hệ thần kinh của tôi khi phải giải quyết mọi vấn đề là không thể duy trì. Và rồi tôi vô tình thuê được một người giỏi. Đúng vậy. Katie, người mà tôi đã đề cập. Và rồi cô ấy đã xử lý tất cả điều này. Và sau đó tôi có thể nghĩ lại như một nhà sáng lập. Vì vậy, tôi muốn dành một chút thời gian cho điều đó và suy nghĩ của bạn về điều đó. Tôi muốn cố gắng cụ thể hóa điều bạn vừa nói cho ai đó đang lắng nghe. Khi chúng tôi gặp vấn đề này, chúng tôi có một quy trình cụ thể mà chúng tôi thực hiện. Vì vậy, chúng tôi nói với nhà sáng lập, tôi muốn bạn tạo một bảng Google. Thật đơn giản. Và tôi muốn bạn có các khung thời gian từ 5 giờ sáng đến giữa đêm, bất kể bạn làm việc bao lâu, theo từng khoảng 15 phút. Và tôi muốn bạn đặt một bộ hẹn giờ, bộ hẹn giờ dễ, bộ hẹn giờ bếp, giống như khi nấu ăn cho mỗi 15 phút. Và mỗi 15 phút, khi nó kêu, tôi muốn bạn viết xuống những gì bạn đã làm. Một hoặc hai từ, không cần nhiều lắm. Ngay khi tôi nói điều đó, mọi người đều nói, ôi Chúa ơi, tôi không có thời gian cho điều này. Tôi hứa với bạn, đó sẽ là tuần làm việc hiệu quả nhất trong đời bạn, vì bạn sẽ nhận thức được cách bạn đang tiêu tốn thời gian của mình. Mỗi khi tôi làm điều này, tôi ngay lập tức nghĩ rằng tôi nên làm điều này mọi lúc. Và tôi không làm. Vì vậy, hãy chỉ làm điều đó. Hãy làm điều đó trong một tuần. Được rồi. Và điều xảy ra là bạn sẽ làm điều đó trong một tuần. Và rồi bước thứ hai của điều này là bạn sẽ nhìn vào đó và bạn sẽ nói, ôi, wow, tôi không biết rằng 40% thời gian của tôi là để giải quyết vấn đề này. Và tôi có thể thuê một vai trò để xử lý 40% thời gian của tôi với số tiền này. Nếu tôi có lại 40% thời gian của mình, tôi có thể gấp đôi doanh nghiệp này. Và điều đó sẽ có giá trị hơn nhiều so với những gì tôi phải trả cho người này. Và rồi bạn nhìn vào 15% tiếp theo của thời gian của bạn và bạn nói, được rồi, đây có phải là điều mà tôi có thể giao cho ai đó khác không? Như là, tôi có thể đẩy điều này xuống không? Tôi có thể tạo ra một quy trình xung quanh điều này để sửa chữa nó không? Hay tôi cần tiếp tục giải quyết trong một thời gian ngắn nữa cho đến khi nó đủ để trở thành một vai trò toàn thời gian? Và vì vậy cơ bản, tôi thấy doanh nhân như một người quản lý nhiều nhiệm vụ mà bạn tiếp tục đặt nhiều điều lên đĩa của mình cho đến khi bạn có đủ để có thể chuyển cho ai đó khác toàn thời gian. Và phải nhận thức được, một lần nữa, nguồn lực duy nhất mà chúng ta có, đó là thời gian, cách mà chúng ta phân bổ để có được lợi nhuận cao nhất. Và vì vậy nếu bạn nhìn vào chồng thời gian của một doanh nhân, chúng ta luôn được trả tiền cho thời gian của mình, đó là nguyên tắc chủ yếu của toàn bộ cuộc trò chuyện ở đây, là chúng ta trao đổi thời gian của mình cho tiền. Và vì vậy, toàn bộ quy trình khởi nghiệp là tiếp tục đàm phán cho những gì bạn đang trao đổi thời gian của mình. Và ở mức độ cơ bản nhất, đó là tất cả những gì chúng ta đang làm. Và nếu lấy điều này làm một giả thuyết, doanh nghiệp của bạn không cần bạn. Hiện tại, bạn dành bất kỳ số giờ nào bạn làm việc và bạn làm những việc này. Hãy tưởng tượng một thế giới mà bạn có thể thuê ai đó có thể dành cùng một khoảng thời gian để làm tất cả những việc đó. Bây giờ bạn sở hữu doanh nghiệp. Và bất kỳ số tiền nào bạn phải trả cho họ, bạn lấy từ lợi nhuận và tất cả những gì khác bây giờ là phân phối mà bạn sở hữu với tư cách là chủ sở hữu. Chỉ vậy thôi.
    Bây giờ, những doanh nhân có động lực sứ mệnh, sau đó chất đống thêm nhiều việc họ cần làm lên trên đĩa của mình, và rồi cứ tiếp tục quy trình đó lặp đi lặp lại. Đây là lúc mà sự phản kháng xuất hiện, đó là không ai có thể làm những gì tôi có thể làm. Và tôi muốn nói rằng bạn đúng, và nếu tôi muốn, giả sử bạn là một con kỳ lân, vậy hãy tưởng tượng con kỳ lân huyền thoại này, có con ngựa trắng, có sừng, đuôi, mọi thứ, và một con pixie nhỏ bay xung quanh để tạo nên phép thuật cho nó, được không? Có thể bạn sẽ không tìm thấy một con kỳ lân, nhưng bạn có thể tìm thấy một con ngựa trắng, và bạn có thể tìm thấy một con tê giác để lấy sừng, và bạn có thể tìm thấy một số con đom đóm để tạo ra ánh sáng lấp lánh.
    Vì vậy, có thể bạn sẽ không thuê một người có tất cả những thứ này, nhưng bạn có thể thuê ba người. Và ba người đó cùng nhau có thể làm mọi thứ bạn đang làm tốt hơn vì đó là tất cả những gì họ làm với toàn bộ thời gian của họ. Và việc chia nhỏ nó ra, về cơ bản là hiểu rằng bạn sẽ không tìm thấy con kỳ lân đó, nhưng bạn chỉ cần chia nó thành các phần và sau đó bạn có thể phân chia nó cho những người có thể chỉ làm những phần đó, sẽ giúp dễ dàng hơn từ nhiều góc độ để suy nghĩ như, “Tôi sẽ không bao giờ tìm thấy điều này.”
    Chắc chắn bạn sẽ không, và điều đó không sao cả vì chúng ta có thể giải quyết cho các phần của lịch trình của mình. Và về cơ bản, khi bạn mua lại thời gian, bạn có thể làm những gì bạn cần, về cơ bản là bước tiếp theo trong kinh doanh.
    Một điều rất thú vị khác khi bạn nói về người bạn của bạn đang làm blog và đã bỏ lỡ YouTube, chính là ý tưởng rằng thành công của chúng ta là cái bẫy của những nhà đổi mới cũ, rằng thành công giam giữ chúng ta trong quá khứ. Vì vậy, có thể người bạn của bạn đã bỏ lỡ YouTube vì anh ấy không muốn phân bổ lại nhân lực cho một cái gì đó đang hoạt động và thanh toán hóa đơn. Và điều này tôi đoán liên quan đến quan điểm của bạn về việc thất bại vô cùng quan trọng, vì những gì bạn và tôi đang làm bây giờ sẽ trở nên lạc hậu, và cả hai chúng ta có thể đã chứng kiến những người đã đến trước chúng ta mờ dần trong sự thích ứng. Hãy nhìn vào những con khủng long này.
    Và chúng ta là một phần của một dạng trường phái mới trong việc tạo nội dung, nhưng chúng ta sẽ trở thành một phần của trường phái cũ, nếu chúng ta không, cái gì đang nằm trong khoảng trống đó? Thích nghi. Và tôi nghĩ rằng điều đó rất quan trọng.
    Vì vậy, Google có giải pháp, tôi nghĩ Sergey đã giải quyết điều này một cách toán học, nhưng tôi nghĩ họ gọi là 70/20/10. 70% nguồn lực được phân bổ cho doanh nghiệp cốt lõi, làm nhiều hơn những gì chúng ta đang làm hiện tại. 20% dành cho các doanh nghiệp phụ, những thứ có khả năng thành công cao, đang một bước rời xa khỏi doanh nghiệp cốt lõi hiện tại. Và sau đó 10% dành cho những dự án kỳ vọng lớn, hoàn toàn ra khỏi lộ trình, kiểu như hãy xem chúng ta có thể đạt được mức ROI gấp trăm lần hay không. Chúng ta có thể sẽ thua lỗ ở hầu hết những dự án này.
    Và anh ấy đã chứng minh điều đó bằng toán học, anh ấy thông minh hơn tôi. Nhưng về cơ bản, đó là khái niệm của việc nhiều hơn, tốt hơn, mới mẻ hơn. Và đó là một trong những chương trong cuốn sách của người lãnh đạo, đó là, được rồi, bây giờ bạn đã có bốn điều cốt lõi, đúng không, đây là bốn điều bạn có thể làm. Bạn có thể đăng nội dung, bạn có thể chạy quảng cáo, bạn có thể tiếp cận với những người lạ, bạn có thể tiếp cận với những người bạn biết. Đây là bốn điều mà bất kỳ ai cũng có thể làm để quảng cáo. Điều đầu tiên bạn cần làm là làm nhiều hơn.
    Và đối với hầu hết các doanh nghiệp nhỏ, họ đang làm quá ít nhưng nghĩ rằng họ đang làm quá nhiều và đó là một khoảng cách lớn trong nhận thức. Và tôi sẽ kể câu chuyện này, có lẽ là cách dễ nhất để giải thích, đó là khi tôi có phòng tập đầu tiên của mình, tôi đã gọi cho một người cố vấn, anh ấy có 20 địa điểm, tôi hỏi, “Bạn quảng cáo như thế nào?” Anh ấy nói, “Tôi sử dụng tờ rơi.” Tôi nói, “Được rồi.” Tôi phát 300 tờ rơi. Nó không hiệu quả. Tôi gọi lại cho anh ấy. Tôi rất thất vọng. Tôi nói, “Cái quái gì vậy?” Anh ấy nói, “Chậm lại. Kích thước thử nghiệm của bạn là gì?” Và tôi nói, “Ý bạn là gì?” Anh ấy nói, “Vậy, kích thước thử nghiệm của bạn.” Thế nên, ý tôi là, 300 không phải là số lượng duy nhất mà bạn đã phát. Tôi nói, “Ồ, đúng rồi.” Anh ấy nói, “Kích thước thử nghiệm của chúng tôi là 5.000 tờ rơi. Và sau khi có một người chiến thắng, chúng tôi sẽ phát 5.000 mỗi ngày theo dạng tờ rơi mà họ dán lên xe để thu hút mọi người vào. Và trong một khoảng thời gian 30 ngày, anh ấy sẽ phát ra 150.000 tờ rơi, trong khi trong khoảng thời gian 30 ngày, tôi chỉ phát 300. Và vì vậy anh ấy đã ở một cách rất thực tế, thực hiện bất kỳ phép toán nào đó, nhưng gấp 300 lần hoặc bao nhiêu đó, tôi không biết, gấp 500 lần số tờ rơi mà tôi đã làm. Tất nhiên, anh ấy đang có được kết quả tốt hơn.
    Và vì vậy một trong những hiểu lầm cơ bản của các doanh nghiệp nhỏ là họ nhầm lẫn số lượng thấp với tính không ổn định, có nghĩa là nếu bạn không chắc chắn về nguồn doanh thu của mình và bạn nhận được một đơn hàng ở đây rồi hai tuần sau nhận được một đơn hàng khác và cảm thấy không ổn định, cảm thấy biến động, thì có một lượng hoạt động quảng cáo nhất định đang diễn ra trong khoảng thời gian đó. Và chúng ta biết rằng một tháng trôi qua và bạn nhận được từ một đến hai đơn hàng. Và vì vậy các công ty ở lĩnh vực của bạn đang thực hiện từ một đến hai lượt bán một ngày sẽ lấy những gì bạn làm trong một tháng, và họ làm điều đó hàng ngày. Tôi biết rằng bạn có thể hiểu điều này, và tôi muốn đặt điều này trong ngữ cảnh ở đây. Tôi đây, tôi muốn xây dựng một thương hiệu cá nhân, và tôi nói tuyệt vời, và sau đó tôi hỏi, bạn đang sản xuất bao nhiêu nội dung? Họ nói, bạn biết đó, tôi sản xuất một hoặc hai bài mỗi tuần, và tôi nói, điều đó thật tuyệt. Để so sánh, đối với bất kỳ ai đang nghe điều này, chúng tôi sản xuất 450 bài mỗi tuần. Và vì vậy, thương hiệu mà chúng tôi có lớn hơn rất nhiều vì chúng tôi sản xuất nhiều hơn bạn rất nhiều. Và đó, mọi người không thể hình dung được rằng ai đó làm việc gấp hai, gấp năm, gấp mười, gấp một nghìn lần so với họ, nhưng đó thường là thực tế cho lý do họ có được gấp một nghìn lần kết quả mà bạn đang có. Và về cơ bản, đó là khái niệm của đòn bẩy, đó là, bạn sẽ nhận được nhiều hơn cho những gì bạn bỏ vào. Trong giai đoạn đầu, bạn là người làm tờ rơi.
    Xin chào, đây là bản dịch đoạn văn bạn yêu cầu:
    Sau đó, bạn có được đòn bẩy vì bạn kiếm đủ từ những tờ rơi đó để có thể xem lại thời gian của mình và tự hỏi, được rồi, tôi có thể trả tiền cho hai người để làm những tờ rơi này, và tôi có thể lấy lại tám giờ. Điều đó thật tuyệt vời. Nhưng giờ bạn đã có hai người làm tờ rơi, điều đó vẫn gấp đôi những gì bạn đã làm. Bây giờ bạn có gấp đôi doanh thu đến, như vậy, tôi nên thuê thêm người không? Điều đó nhiều quá. Hay tôi nên làm điều gì đó tốt hơn? Tôi nên thay đổi tờ rơi không? Tôi nên thay đổi đề nghị trên tờ rơi không? Điều đó sẽ tốt hơn. Hay tôi nên bắt đầu quảng cáo trên Facebook? Chà, điều mới, mà sẽ là quảng cáo trên Facebook, chính là thứ 10%. Bây giờ, khi bạn xem xét phân bổ nguồn lực, giả sử chúng ta đang tiến nhanh vào một công ty có lợi nhuận để làm những việc khác. Một phần trong việc tái đầu tư là bảo hiểm cho tương lai. Và vì vậy mỗi doanh nghiệp có ba “thùng” chiến lược mà họ phải phân bổ nguồn lực vào. Số một là làm thế nào để chúng ta có được nhiều khách hàng hơn? Nếu chúng ta có nhiều khách hàng hơn, công ty sẽ phát triển, hết sức. Số hai, làm thế nào để chúng ta tăng lợi nhuận gộp trọn đời cho mỗi khách hàng? Vậy nếu chúng ta có cùng một số lượng khách hàng, nhưng làm cho tất cả khách hàng trở nên có giá trị hơn, chúng ta cũng sẽ phát triển. “Thùng” thứ ba là làm thế nào để chúng ta giảm rủi ro, tức là làm thế nào để chúng ta tăng khả năng hai điều đầu tiên không ngừng xảy ra? Đó là ba “thùng” đó. Và khi bạn nhìn vào tỷ lệ 70, 20, 10, thì phần lớn 70 thường sẽ được chỉ đến việc thu hút thêm khách hàng, làm cho họ có giá trị hơn. Và điều tốt hơn cũng dẫn đến điều đó. Yếu tố rủi ro thường sẽ là điều mới mà bạn sẽ làm để đảm bảo tương lai của bạn có mặt khi bạn đến đó. Và nếu bạn nhận thấy, ví dụ như YouTube trở thành truyền hình di sản và tỷ lệ người xem bắt đầu giảm và nó trở thành VR mới, v.v? Ở một thời điểm nào đó, chúng ta sẽ phải nhìn nhận và giải quyết rằng chúng ta cần phải dành 10%, 20% lợi nhuận của mình mỗi năm và bắt đầu xây dựng đội ngũ mới này. Chúng tôi sẽ tiếp tục làm những gì chúng tôi đang làm hiện tại. Và đây là sai lầm mà bạn cần tránh. Đừng lấy những ngôi sao đang làm một việc để giúp chúng làm một việc khác. Bạn phải tìm những người có khả năng xây dựng điều này. Nếu không, bạn sẽ hy sinh cốt lõi vì đột nhiên, bạn sẽ cảm thấy, ôi trời, giờ chúng ta hoàn toàn lúng túng vì giờ chúng ta không có khách hàng từ điều hiện tại và chúng ta chưa tìm ra điều mới này, đúng không? Và do đó, đây là vị trí mà tôi thấy vai trò của CEO là, bạn muốn cuối cùng trở thành một người chơi linh hoạt, tức là bạn có thể nhảy vào một bộ phận hoặc phòng ban cụ thể đang giải quyết một vấn đề phức tạp. Và bạn có lợi thế là bạn có quyền quyết định và bạn có khả năng phân bổ nguồn lực và ngay lập tức nói “có” với những điều. Và đó là lý do, và để công bằng, đó là không công bằng với đội ngũ của bạn khi nói, tại sao họ không thể làm việc nhanh như tôi? Chà, vì bạn có thể viết séc và vì bạn có thể nói “có”, bạn không cần phải kiểm tra với ủy ban. Bạn không cần phải đưa lên cấp trên. Chỉ cần bạn nói, làm điều này, làm điều kia, đừng lo về đó. Tôi nói với bạn, bạn có thể ở lại muộn cho cuộc họp này. Điều này quan trọng hơn. Và chiến lược chỉ là một từ hoa mỹ mà người ta nói khi họ có nghĩa là ưu tiên hóa. Đó là tất cả những gì nó có nghĩa. Chúng ta có vô hạn cơ hội mà chúng ta có thể phân bổ nhưng chúng ta có nguồn lực hạn chế. Vậy làm thế nào để chúng ta ưu tiên hóa những cơ hội vô hạn đó so với nguồn lực hạn chế đó? Đó là điều cơ bản mà chiến lược là gì. Và đó chính là cách khác để nói rằng chúng ta ưu tiên hóa. Bụng của bạn và bụng của tôi là nơi tiêu hóa của chúng ta. Nó cũng là cánh cửa dẫn đến sức khỏe tốt hơn, nhưng có thể khó để biết điều gì đang xảy ra trong đó. Zoe, người tài trợ cho podcast này, có một trong những cơ sở dữ liệu vi sinh vật lớn nhất trên hành tinh và một trong những bài kiểm tra sức khỏe đường ruột tại nhà tiên tiến nhất thế giới. Bộ cảm biến đường huyết của họ, mà tôi có trong hộp trước mặt mình, được đeo trên cánh tay để bạn có thể xem cách các loại thực phẩm khác nhau ảnh hưởng đến đường huyết của bạn. Rồi có mẫu máu tại nhà, điều này rất dễ dàng và phân tích chất béo trong máu của bạn. Và tất nhiên, có chiếc bánh cookie màu xanh nổi tiếng của Zoe, nó kiểm tra sự trao đổi chất của bạn. Oh, và tôi không thể quên, còn có mẫu phân, điều này là bước quan trọng trong việc hiểu sức khỏe của vi sinh vật đường ruột của bạn. Và bạn gửi tất cả đến Zoe và bạn nhận lại kết quả của mình, điều này sẽ giúp bạn hiểu phản ứng của cơ thể bạn đối với các loại thực phẩm khác nhau. Sử dụng kết quả của bạn, ứng dụng của Zoe cũng sẽ tạo ra một kế hoạch dinh dưỡng cá nhân hóa cho bạn. Và đó chính là lý do tại sao tôi đã đầu tư vào doanh nghiệp. Vậy câu hỏi của tôi với bạn là bụng của bạn có khỏe không? Hãy truy cập Zoe.com để đặt bộ của bạn và tìm hiểu. Và bởi vì bạn là một trong những thính giả của chúng tôi, hãy sử dụng mã Bartlett 10 để được giảm 10% thẻ thành viên của bạn. Hãy truy cập Zoe.com ngay bây giờ tại công ty tôi, flight studio, là một phần của công ty lớn hơn của tôi, flight group. Chúng tôi luôn tìm kiếm những cách để xây dựng kết nối sâu hơn với khán giả của mình, bất kể đó là một chương trình mới, sản phẩm hay dự án. Đó là lý do tại sao tôi cho ra mắt các thẻ trò chuyện. Tôi đã dựa vào Shopify trước đây, là một nhà tài trợ của podcast hôm nay. Và tôi sẽ tiếp tục sử dụng họ cho lần ra mắt lớn tiếp theo, mà chúng ta sẽ nghe sớm. Và tôi sử dụng họ vì sự dễ dàng trong việc thiết lập một cửa hàng trực tuyến tiếp cận đến tất cả các bạn, bất kể bạn ở đâu trên thế giới. Với Shopify, các điểm đau thường gặp khi ra mắt sản phẩm trực tuyến hoàn toàn biến mất. Dù bạn có quy mô doanh nghiệp nào, Shopify cũng có mọi thứ bạn cần để đưa doanh nghiệp của bạn lên cấp độ tiếp theo và kết nối tốt hơn với khách hàng của bạn trên toàn thế giới. Để cảm ơn tất cả các bạn đã lắng nghe chương trình của tôi, chúng tôi đang tặng bạn một thử nghiệm, chỉ với 1 đô la một tháng. Bạn có thể đăng ký bằng cách truy cập Shopify.com/Bartlett.
    Đó là Shopify.com/Bartlett, hoặc tìm liên kết trong mô tả dưới đây.
    Về ví dụ xe hơi mà bạn đang nói đến với những tờ rơi, điều tôi đang nghĩ là rất nhiều doanh nghiệp cố gắng chiến thắng trong trò chơi sáng tạo.
    Vì vậy, chúng tôi sẽ tạo ra điều gì đó sáng tạo và hấp dẫn hơn để quảng cáo.
    Và tôi thấy điều này trong danh mục công việc của mình vì họ sẽ gửi cho tôi một cái gì đó và họ sẽ nói, “Steve, một doanh nghiệp cụ thể mà tôi đang nghĩ đến.”
    Một siêu thị quốc gia lớn đã cho chúng tôi một vị trí trưng bày tại 400 siêu thị.
    Chúng tôi nên sử dụng trưng bày nào?
    Và họ sẽ hỏi tôi, “Cái này hay cái kia?”
    Và tôi nhớ đã áp dụng với họ và nói, “Tôi không biết, và bạn cũng không biết, nhưng đây là hệ thống để tìm ra.
    Chúng tôi sẽ tạo ra 100 mẫu trưng bày và chúng tôi sẽ chạy thử nghiệm trên Facebook hoặc chúng tôi sẽ tạo ra một môi trường nào đó mà chúng tôi không cố gắng chiến thắng bằng cách đưa ra những giả định sáng tạo tốt nhất.
    Chúng tôi sẽ chiến thắng bằng tỷ lệ thử nghiệm của mình.
    Chúng tôi sẽ thực hiện nhiều thí nghiệm hơn.
    Và tôi nghĩ đây là một sự thay đổi thực sự trong nhiều khía cạnh, bởi vì đặc biệt nếu chúng ta đã trải qua đại học và đã được đào tạo như một nhà viết quảng cáo, chúng ta có vấn đề cũ là muốn đúng hơn là thành công.
    Và khả năng, như một người sáng tạo, thậm chí như một người làm podcast, nói, “Tôi không biết câu trả lời đúng là gì, nhưng tôi sẽ tạo ra một hệ thống mà tỷ lệ thử nghiệm của chúng tôi sẽ cao hơn rất nhiều so với đối thủ, để chúng tôi có thể tình cờ tìm ra câu trả lời đúng nhiều hơn họ,” là một sự thay đổi trong cách tư duy.
    Vì vậy có hai loại câu hỏi mà bạn không nên hỏi.
    Câu hỏi có thể được giải quyết bằng bảng tính và câu hỏi có thể được giải quyết bằng thử nghiệm.
    Và vì vậy, về cơ bản, những lời khuyên từ bên ngoài mà bạn nhận được về một thứ có thể giải quyết bằng toán thì chỉ cần giải quyết bằng toán.
    Và tôi sẽ nói rằng khoảng 30% câu hỏi mà tôi nhận được là: “Tôi nên bán cái này hay cái kia?”
    Và tôi sẽ hỏi, “Được rồi, giá trị vòng đời của sản phẩm này là bao nhiêu và giá trị vòng đời của sản phẩm kia là gì?
    Được rồi.
    Chi phí để thu hút khách hàng này là bao nhiêu?
    Chi phí để thu hút khách hàng kia là bao nhiêu?
    Được rồi.
    Đây là một bài toán.
    Chúng tôi có tỷ lệ LTV cho Cat cao hơn nhiều ở đây, phân bổ tài nguyên ở đây, nhưng đó là một bài toán.
    Ai cũng có thể làm toán đó.
    Về phần thử nghiệm, tôi rất thích điều này, vì vậy như cuốn sách Leeds, tôi không biết đặt tên nó là gì.
    Nó về quảng cáo.
    Vì vậy, tôi đã chạy thử nghiệm câu chuyện trong khoảng một hoặc hai tuần, chỉ nói về chương trình khuyến mãi 100 triệu đô và quảng cáo 100 triệu đô, sau đó là quảng cáo một.
    Nó giống như quảng cáo 100 triệu đô, tiếp thị 100 triệu đô.
    Được rồi.
    Và sau đó quảng cáo thắng.
    Tôi nói, “Được rồi.
    Quảng cáo 100 triệu đô, dẫn 100 triệu đô.
    Leads thắng.
    100 triệu đô dẫn so với hai điều khác.
    Leads tiếp tục thắng.
    Được rồi.
    Được rồi.
    Và sau đó tôi làm điều tương tự với bìa sách.
    Tôi làm điều tương tự với tiêu đề phụ.
    Và tôi đã thử nghiệm mọi thành phần của nó để tìm ra điều mà mọi người có vẻ muốn, đó là, cuốn sách là quảng cáo, nhưng một cách trớ trêu, mọi người muốn có leads.
    Vì vậy, nó giống như, tôi có muốn có một cuốn sách về khoan hay tôi muốn có một cuốn sách về lỗ?
    Đúng không?
    Mọi người muốn lỗ trên tường, không phải cái khoan.
    Đó chỉ là phương tiện.
    Và vì vậy, cuốn sách chỉ là phương tiện để lấy leads.
    Nhưng như một mẹo nhanh cho bất kỳ ai có doanh nghiệp vật lý, đây chỉ là một mẹo nhanh cho bất kỳ ai.
    Nếu bạn nói, “Tôi nên mở rộng vào thị trường nào?
    Đây là năm thị trường mà chúng tôi đang xem xét.
    Lấy 1.000 đô.
    Chạy chương trình khuyến mãi tốt nhất mà bạn thắng ở thị trường hiện tại của bạn trong cả năm thị trường đó.
    Xem chi phí dẫn của bạn là bao nhiêu trong cả năm thị trường.
    Thị trường nào có chi phí dẫn thấp nhất, hãy mở cửa ở thị trường đó.
    Đừng chi 250.000 đô để thực hiện tất cả những nghiên cứu này và sau đó xây dựng vị trí này chỉ để phát hiện rằng chi phí dẫn ở khu vực đó rất tệ.
    Hãy thử nghiệm trước.
    Đó là 5.000 đô hoặc 10.000 đô tốt nhất mà bạn sẽ từng chi để chỉ đảm bảo rằng đây là một rủi ro, đảm bảo rằng khi bạn ở đó, nó sẽ hoạt động.
    Ý tôi là, amen.
    Đó là toàn bộ triết lý của chúng tôi, vì vậy thật tuyệt vời khi nghe điều đó.
    Và tôi không nhận ra rằng bạn đã làm điều đó với cuốn sách.
    Oh, vâng.
    Tôi có trong chương mà tôi nói, “Bạn phải bọc mọi thứ lại.”
    Và tôi chỉ cho tất cả các thử nghiệm mà tôi đã thực hiện, và tôi nói, “Bạn có thể thấy tất cả tỷ lệ phần trăm của mọi người nói rằng đây là tiêu đề cuốn sách.”
    Khi mọi người nhìn bạn, Alex, bạn là người biết rất nhiều về rất nhiều thứ.
    Và một trong những câu hỏi mà tôi thường nhận được là, “Tôi cần một người cố vấn.”
    Tất cả các trẻ em sẽ đến nói với bạn rằng, ‘Tôi chắc rằng họ nói điều đó với bạn suốt.’
    Bạn có thể làm người cố vấn cho tôi không?”
    Ừ.
    Liệu người cố vấn có quan trọng không?
    Vì vậy, tôi sẽ giải thích những gì tôi đang nghĩ.
    Để trả lời câu hỏi đó, tôi nghĩ nó đặt ra câu hỏi: “Cần gì để chiến thắng?”
    Có cần một người cố vấn không?
    Không.
    Nhưng có những hành vi và hành động nhất định sẽ tăng khả năng thành công.
    Nếu bạn có thể thực hiện những hành động đó nhanh hơn, thì bạn sẽ có khả năng chiến thắng cao hơn và có khả năng chiến thắng nhanh hơn.
    Toàn bộ nhân loại đã được xây dựng dựa trên việc chúng ta đứng trên vai của tổ tiên và tiếp thu những gì họ đã học.
    Chúng ta không phải tìm hiểu cách hoạt động của bóng đèn.
    Tôi không biết cách hoạt động của internet, nhưng tôi biết rằng nó hoạt động.
    Và có ai đó có thể tìm ra điều đó.
    Vì vậy, chúng ta chỉ bắt đầu từ nơi họ đã bỏ baton, và sau đó chúng ta nhặt nó lên từ đó, và chúng ta chạy theo nhiều tháp tiếp theo, và sau đó chúng ta chết, và chúng ta đến lượt người tiếp theo.
    Và tôi nghĩ rằng bạn không cần người cố vấn, nhưng bạn cần học hỏi từ những người đi trước bạn.
    Vì vậy, tôi nghĩ về mô hình, không phải người cố vấn, tôi có thể học hỏi từ hành vi của họ như thế nào để có thể thay đổi hành vi của mình nhằm tăng khả năng tôi chiến thắng nhanh hơn?
    Và vì vậy mọi thứ tôi làm, và tôi cảm thấy đó là một tuyên bố khá mạnh mẽ, mọi thứ tôi làm đều xoay quanh hành vi.
    Và bạn có thể sẽ nhận thấy điều đó khi tôi nói về việc đào tạo và nhân viên.
    Khi tôi nói về quảng cáo, tôi chỉ muốn tăng khả năng mà một người lạ thực hiện hành động mong muốn. Đó là tất cả những gì tôi đang cố gắng làm. Và khi chúng tôi đi vào việc thay đổi hành vi, điều đó loại bỏ rất nhiều những điều hời hợt mà tôi nghĩ rằng làm cho phần lớn mọi người bối rối. Vì vậy, tôi luôn lo sợ khi tham gia các podcast mà ai đó thực sự nặng về sự hình thành và năng lượng, tần số và những thứ kiểu như vậy. Họ sẽ nói những điều như tôi đã hình thành cuộc họp này và tôi sẽ nói, bạn không có đâu, bạn có nội dung đã hoạt động tốt vì bạn tạo ra nội dung một cách thường xuyên. Sau đó, trợ lý của bạn đã liên hệ với trợ lý của tôi, sự liên hệ đó đã khởi tạo cho cuộc gặp này, chứ không phải bất kỳ sự rung động nào mà bạn đã phát ra vào vũ trụ. Bây giờ một số người có thể nói, vâng, nhưng cũng là vì những rung động, nhưng tôi sẽ cá rằng nếu họ đã tạo ra nội dung và thực hiện liên hệ, tôi vẫn sẽ làm điều đó, điều đó có nghĩa là đó là những điều cốt lõi, vì nếu chúng tôi loại bỏ những điều đó, nếu chúng tôi chỉ làm sự hình thành mà không tạo ra nội dung hoặc liên hệ, tôi đã không có mặt ở đây. Và vì vậy một trong số đó hoạt động, một trong số đó không. Và đó là những gì đã cho phép tôi cố gắng rút ra bản chất từ những người hướng dẫn hoặc anh hùng phía trước tôi. Tôi tiêu thụ một lượng lớn thông tin từ Elon, Bezos, Zuck, bất cứ điều gì tôi có thể tìm thấy mà họ đã phát ra hoặc được phỏng vấn, tôi cố gắng tiêu thụ nó. Và mục tiêu chính là tôi muốn suy nghĩ về quy trình ra quyết định của họ liên quan đến những gì họ đã làm và cố gắng áp dụng điều đó vào ngữ cảnh của mình về hành vi. Và vì vậy đó đã như là cái nhìn tổng thể lớn về việc tôi có cần một người hướng dẫn hay không? Không, nhưng bạn cần phải học hỏi. Và vì vậy bất kỳ cách nào là cách nhanh nhất để bạn học hỏi, hãy làm điều đó. Và tôi sẽ kể câu chuyện này bởi vì tôi nghĩ rằng, bạn có cần một người hướng dẫn không? Không, không ai cần cả. Bạn có thể thực hiện tất cả những điều này thông qua thử nghiệm và sai sót một mình và bạn sẽ tìm ra. Thời gian rõ ràng là điều duy nhất là dấu hỏi lớn. Và tôi nghĩ một phần của nó là câu hỏi về giá trị thời gian của bạn đối với bạn như thế nào? Không phải trong một ví dụ vi mô, mà tôi có trả giá bằng thời gian hoặc tiền để tiến lên phía trước năm năm và không mắc phải năm năm sai lầm không? Khi tôi bắt đầu phòng gym đầu tiên, thực sự tôi không bắt đầu phòng gym vì tôi đã bỏ việc và lái xe qua đất nước và tôi đã đến một ngôi nhà của một người mà tôi đã tìm kiếm trên internet, người đã nói anh ta giỏi trong việc điều hành các phòng gym. Tên của anh ta là Seven Figure Sam. Và vì vậy anh ta là một chuyên gia phòng gym. Và tôi đã đến phòng gym thực tế của anh ta mà không báo trước và tôi đã nói, “Này, tôi đến đây để được hướng dẫn và học hỏi.” Và anh ta đã nói, “Tôi đang làm việc. Tôi thực sự không biết bạn là ai và có thể chúng ta sẽ nói chuyện vào ngày mai hoặc gì đó.” Và tôi đã nói, “Được rồi.” Anh ta hỏi, “Bạn đang ở đâu?” Tôi nói, “Tôi không biết. Tôi vẫn chưa quyết định.” Anh ta nói, “Ý bạn là gì?” Tôi nói, “Đó là xe của tôi. Tôi vừa lái xe đến đây và tất cả đồ của tôi nằm trong đó.” Anh ta hỏi, “Bạn không có nơi nào để đi sao?” Tôi nói, “Tôi sẽ tìm ra. Tôi vừa tìm ra khi tôi đến đây.” Và anh ta đã mời tôi ở lại nhà của anh ta đêm đó, điều đó thật là hào phóng và có thể khả năng bán hàng của tôi khiến anh ta đồng ý, ai mà biết được. Nhưng trong vài tuần, anh ta đã tổ chức một buổi gặp mặt của tất cả các phòng gym đang theo hệ thống nhỏ của anh ta về cách điều hành studio đào tạo cá nhân và bootcamp. Tôi đã có cơ hội tham gia khi chỉ mới 22 tuổi và tôi đã trả tiền để có quyền truy cập vào cộng đồng các chủ phòng gym này. Họ đều bàn về những điều tốt và những điều không tốt trong kinh doanh. Khi đến lượt tôi, tôi đã nói, “Vâng, vậy tôi muốn mở một địa điểm và đây là điều tôi đang nghĩ về mô hình của mình và đây là những gì tôi nghĩ về mức giá.” Họ đã nói, “Sai. Sai. Đây là lý do. Điều đó sẽ không hoạt động. Đây là lý do. Điều đó sẽ không hoạt động.” Tôi đã nói, “Ồ, được rồi. Vâng, đây là nơi tôi sẽ mua thiết bị.” Họ nói, “Đừng mua ở đó. Đó là giá bán lẻ. Bạn có thể mua từ hàng đã qua sử dụng ở đây và giá chỉ bằng một phần mười.” Tôi đã nói, “Ồ, thật tuyệt. Được rồi, tuyệt vời.” Tôi đã nói, “Vừa nghĩ đến việc mua loại thiết bị này.” Họ đã nói, “Không. Các cô gái sẽ không thích nó và chúng sẽ đổ. Tôi đã có hai cô gái làm việc đó. Đừng lo lắng. Bạn sẽ không sử dụng nó.” Nhưng bạn có thể lấy bao cát. Bạn có thể dùng chúng mọi lúc và chúng rất rẻ và nếu bạn phải thay thế, bạn có thể làm được. Nhưng bạn có thể sử dụng chúng cho hàng trăm bài tập. Tôi đã nói, “Tuyệt. Tôi sẽ làm điều đó.” Sau đó tôi đã nghĩ, “Được rồi.” Vì vậy tôi đã suy nghĩ về diện tích như thế nào cho cơ sở của mình. Họ đã nói, “Này, bạn không cần tất cả những thứ đó. Bạn có thể cắt một nửa.” Tôi đã nói, “Được rồi. Đã ghi nhận.” Và tôi đã hỏi, “Tôi sẵn sàng trả hai đô mỗi foot?” Họ đã nói, “Không. Tôi sẽ không trả trên 150.” Tôi đã nắm bắt tất cả kiến thức từ tất cả những người này về những sai lầm mà họ đã mắc phải với các phòng gym của họ và tôi đã bắt đầu phòng gym đầu tiên chỉ dựa vào sự giúp đỡ của họ. Và vì vậy, điều đó có giá trị bao nhiêu đối với tôi? Nhiều năm. Và vì vậy với tôi, tôi luôn sẵn sàng trả giá bằng bất kỳ loại tiền tệ nào cần thiết để có được kiến thức mà tôi chưa biết. Bạn có thể có được điều đó miễn phí bây giờ không? Có. Nó chưa tồn tại khi đó. YouTube thậm chí còn không phải là một thứ. Instagram vừa mới ra mắt. Để cung cấp bối cảnh cho tất cả mọi người đang nghe điều này. Tôi nghĩ về phương trình này rất nhiều. Và thực ra tôi có một video về ai đó chỉ trích tôi vì điều này, nhưng tôi sẽ nói điều này bất kể, bởi vì có 20% tôi sẽ nói điều này. Tôi sẽ không làm mình trở nên kém đi. Tôi đã thấy một người bán hàng nói điều này tại một hội nghị và anh ta đã viết $1 triệu trên bảng trắng. Và anh ta đã gọi một người phụ nữ trong khán giả lên và hỏi, “Bạn kiếm được bao nhiêu?” Cô ấy đã nói, “$50,000 một năm.” Vì vậy cô ấy đã viết $50,000 bên dưới một triệu và sau đó anh ta đã trừ đi và kết quả là $950,000. Anh ta đã nói, “Nó tiêu tốn của bạn $950,000 mỗi năm.”
    Bạn không biết làm thế nào để kiếm một triệu đô la mỗi năm.” Vậy câu hỏi là, giá trị của kỹ năng đó là gì? Và câu trả lời là sự khác biệt. Và vì vậy, người đã troll phản hồi ban đầu như thế này, “Thì bạn có thể tiếp tục. Còn về việc kiếm 100 triệu đô la mỗi năm hay 1 tỷ đô la mỗi năm thì sao?” Và tôi đã trả lời, “Đúng, đúng. Nếu bạn có kỹ năng kiếm một tỷ đô la mỗi năm, thì sự khác biệt giữa 50.000 đô la và một tỷ là delta của giá trị của kỹ năng đó.” Và thực sự không chỉ là một kỹ năng. Đó là nhiều kỹ năng mà khi kết hợp lại sẽ tạo ra giá trị như vậy. Nhưng tôi nhớ rằng điều này đã được khắc ghi trong trí nhớ của tôi, đó là bất cứ điều gì tôi muốn có, delta giữa nơi tôi đang đứng và nơi mà điều đó có mặt, chính là những gì tôi sẵn sàng hy sinh để học những gì tôi cần để đến đó. Và tôi nghĩ rằng nếu mọi người đánh giá delta đó không phải bằng tiền trong ví hoặc thời gian mà họ hiện có, mà là mức thu nhập họ có thể kiếm được hoặc thời gian họ có và giá trị của nó đối với họ, thì tôi nghĩ nhiều người sẽ sẵn sàng đầu tư vào giáo dục của họ. Và đây là một từ ngữ cấm kỵ vì mọi người ghét từ giáo dục. Nó giống như, “Oh, nó giống như công việc, nhưng bạn muốn trở thành một doanh nhân thì bạn phải học.” Có rất nhiều thứ để học. Vẹt và người thực hành. Đây là một ý tưởng mà tôi đã suy nghĩ rất nhiều trong suốt những năm qua vì tôi nhìn vào ai đó như bạn và tôi có thể thấy qua tất cả những gì bạn nói hôm nay rằng bạn là một người thực hành. Trong phép so sánh này, cái mà tôi gọi là vẹt là người nghe những gì Alex nói và rồi bắt đầu nói lại, nhưng bài học và sự khôn ngoan của bạn đến từ việc trải qua những điều đó và có khả năng chắt lọc tinh túy như Richard Freiman rồi chia sẻ nó. Có một nhóm người chỉ dành cả cuộc đời để đọc sách, đăng tải về nó, v.v. Họ không bao giờ dám nhảy vào. Vẹt và người thực hành là cách tốt nhất để học cách trở thành một người thực hành. Điều này rất được biết đến trong lĩnh vực giáo dục, nhưng không nhiều trong thế giới nội dung, nhưng có hai loại giáo dục. Có kiến thức thủ tục và có kiến thức tuyên bố. Kiến thức tuyên bố là biết về điều gì đó. Kiến thức thủ tục là biết cách làm một điều gì đó. Một ví dụ đơn giản có thể là, “Được rồi, tôi hiểu cách hoạt động của vốn tư nhân.” Bạn có thể nói về nó. Bạn có thể giải thích cách mà, “Được rồi, họ vay nợ và sau đó họ có sự chênh lệch này và họ có giá trị doanh nghiệp đa chiều,” bất kỳ điều gì đi nữa, nhưng bạn chưa bao giờ thực hiện một giao dịch. Và cho đến khi bạn thực hiện một giao dịch, bạn sẽ không có kiến thức thủ tục về cách thực sự thực hiện một giao dịch. Và vì vậy bạn có thể đọc một trăm cuốn sách về bán hàng, nhưng bạn sẽ học nhiều hơn về việc bán hàng thực sự từ một trăm cuộc gọi bán hàng đầu tiên của bạn. Và kinh doanh cũng giống như vậy. Vâng. Và vì vậy, theo ý kiến của tôi, đối với hầu hết mọi người, nếu bạn muốn học nhanh, bạn muốn thực hiện nhanh chóng bạch trăm lần lặp lại càng nhanh càng tốt, để bạn có thể thất bại một trăm lần liên tiếp và tìm ra mười lần không tồi tệ nhất và sau đó nói, “Làm thế nào để tôi thất bại ít nhất trong một trăm cuộc gọi tiếp theo?” Và bạn cứ tiếp tục làm điều đó nhiều lần cho đến khi cuối cùng bạn thất bại ít đến mức bạn thực sự giỏi. Công việc chăm chỉ. Vâng. Và tôi nghĩ rằng điều này thực sự thú vị vì nó có liên quan đến việc có hai loại người sáng tạo. Bạn có những người giải trí và sau đó bạn có những người giáo dục, ít nhất đó là cách mà tôi phân chia. Mục đích của giải trí là duy trì sự chú ý của khán giả. Thế thôi. Mục đích của người giải trí là giữ cho mọi người tiếp tục theo dõi. Mục đích của một nhà giáo dục là thay đổi hành vi của một ai đó. Và vì vậy, nếu bạn muốn nội dung hoạt động tốt trong bất kỳ nhóm nào trong hai điều này, về cơ bản, ít nhất trong không gian giáo dục, bạn đang bán thời gian. Vì vậy, giáo dục là, tôi dành toàn bộ thời gian này làm việc này để học bốn điều này mà tôi có thể đưa cho bạn để bạn không phải bỏ ra thời gian học nó. Và vì vậy, giáo dục thực sự, nói cách khác, là bạn đang mua thời gian. Cho nên khi bạn mua, đó là điều duy nhất, là cách duy nhất để thực sự mua thời gian ngày nay. Vì vậy, nếu bạn muốn cơ bản dịch chuyển thời gian vào tương lai của mình, bạn phải mua giáo dục để bạn có thể mua tất cả những kinh nghiệm sống từ tất cả những người này và sau đó không phải trả giá bằng đời sống của bạn. Bạn trả giá bằng cách tiêu tốn ít thời gian hơn thông qua việc tiêu thụ những gì họ có hoặc một chút tiền hoặc một sự kết hợp nào đó của những điều đó. Và về cơ bản, chúng ta thường trả tiền bằng đồng tiền mà chúng ta đánh giá thấp nhất. Điều thú vị là, một người giàu đánh giá thời gian của họ nhiều hơn tiền của họ, vì vậy họ sẵn sàng trả bằng tiền để lấy lại thời gian. Một người nghèo cũng sẽ trả cho thời gian của họ và lái xe đến 10 trạm xăng khác nhau để tìm một cái gì đó rẻ hơn 10 xu hoặc lái xe đến 10 cửa hàng thực phẩm khác nhau để sử dụng bất kỳ phiếu giảm giá nào mà họ đang đánh giá cao thời gian của họ hơn tiền bạc trong trường hợp đó. Và vì vậy, quay lại vấn đề nhà giáo dục. Nếu bạn muốn chắc chắn hoặc có tự tin trong bất kỳ nỗ lực nào, bạn phải có quá nhiều hoạt động mà đến mức sẽ không hợp lý nếu bạn thất bại. Và nếu bạn viết ra phương trình như, ừm, tôi cần phát biểu công khai bao nhiêu lần để không hợp lý nếu tôi thất bại? Có phải là 10? Có phải là 100? Có phải là một nghìn? Viết ra con số mà bạn nghĩ là, không có lý do gì tôi lại thất bại sau số lượng này. Và sau đó, tất cả nỗ lực của bạn sẽ được thu hẹp lại, cam kết mạnh mẽ, loại bỏ các lựa chọn khác, tập trung vào chất lượng và số lượng của những thứ khác để chỉ làm điều đó. Và phần quan trọng của điều này không chỉ là thực hiện một nghìn lần, mà sau mỗi 10 hoặc mỗi 20, nhìn vào 10 hoặc 20% tốt nhất, để nói, tôi đã làm tốt điều gì ở đó? Và điều này bởi vì bạn phải có chu trình phản hồi. Nếu không, không chỉ là làm 100 lần tiếp cận, bạn phải làm 100 lần tiếp cận và sau đó xem điều gì hoạt động và sau đó làm nhiều hơn những gì đã hoạt động.
    Và vì vậy, đối với cha mẹ và những người thực hành, một phần của điều này, ngay cả khi bạn mới bắt đầu, bạn có thể có sự tự tin trong những gì bạn đang làm vì bạn đã tự tìm ra giải pháp. Và bạn thực sự có thể giải thích tại sao bạn làm điều gì đó. Vì vậy, nếu bạn không thể giải thích lý do bạn tin vào điều bạn tin, thì đó không phải là niềm tin của bạn. Đó là niềm tin của người khác.
    Và hầu hết mọi người, tôi sẽ nói, đều “nhại” lại phần lớn những điều họ nói, bởi vì, để công bằng mà nói, đó là cách mà con người học hỏi. Bạn năm tuổi. Bạn hỏi, “Cái đó là gì?” Họ nói, “Bát,” và bạn nói, “Bát.” Bạn đã lặp lại nó, và như vậy là xong. Nhưng khi nói đến kỹ năng, bạn có thể mô tả những gì người khác đã nói trước đó. Nhưng nếu có điều gì đó sai lầm xảy ra hoặc điều gì đó về điều kiện này, bạn sẽ không biết phải làm gì. Nhưng nếu bạn tự xây dựng nó từ đầu và có một phần lớn điều này trong cộng đồng Y Combinator, hoặc cộng đồng Silicon Valley mà bạn có thể đã nghe nói đến, có thể khoảng ba hoặc bốn tháng trước, nó giống như chế độ người sáng lập, điều đó có được đến Vương quốc Anh không? Đó thực sự là từ Brian Chesky, tôi đã gửi một tin nhắn cho anh ấy về điều đó sau đó. Ồ, vâng. Nó thật tuyệt, đúng không?
    Và vì vậy, cơ bản là nguyên tắc rằng nhà sáng lập luôn có những quyền lực đặc biệt trong công ty bởi vì bạn biết điều gì đã xây dựng nên nó. Và vì vậy cơ bản đó chính là sự khác biệt giữa người thực hành và cha mẹ. Những người đến sau có thể chỉ lặp lại lý do bạn làm những gì bạn đang làm, nhưng bạn biết mình đã ở trong điều kiện nào khi bạn đưa ra quy tắc này. Và bạn cũng biết cách phá vỡ nó và khi nào nên uốn cong những quy tắc đó. Và vì vậy, nếu bạn xây dựng điều gì đó, khi bạn xây dựng từ những lần lặp lại để tinh lọc ra vài sự thật tồn tại, bạn sẽ biết tại sao đó là những sự thật.
    Chẳng hạn, tôi sẽ đưa ra một ví dụ thật đơn giản. Chúng ta đã cố gắng học YouTube và đã cải thiện qua thời gian. Nhưng ở giai đoạn đầu, tôi đã thực hiện một cuộc đánh giá lớn và phát hiện ra rằng những video mà chúng tôi có có ba điều ở đầu, đó là bằng chứng, hứa hẹn, kế hoạch, thì là những video thành công nhất. Vì vậy, đột nhiên chúng tôi đã nói, “Được rồi, tất cả video phải có bằng chứng, hứa hẹn, kế hoạch ngay từ đầu, trong 30 giây đầu tiên.” Tuyệt vời. Vì vậy, chúng tôi đã bắt đầu làm điều đó trong một thời gian. Sau đó, chúng tôi đã nhìn vào những trường hợp ngoại lệ trong số đó và nghĩ, “Ồ, một số video thành công cũng có một hình ảnh trực quan nào đó về kế hoạch này.” Tốt. Vì vậy, nó đã trở thành bằng chứng, hứa hẹn, kế hoạch, hình ảnh. Sau đó, chúng tôi tiếp tục tìm kiếm và phát hiện ra rằng nếu chúng tôi cũng bao gồm một loại nỗi đau hoặc vấn đề mà video đó đang giải quyết, điều đó cũng giúp tăng cường. Vì vậy, bằng chứng, hứa hẹn, kế hoạch, hình ảnh, nỗi đau.
    Và vì vậy, bạn như thế này, “Chờ đã, nếu bạn cứ thêm vào điều này, nó sẽ trở nên rất dài.” Không, đôi khi bạn có thể đánh dấu nhiều ô với một điều và đây trở thành sự tinh tế trong việc sáng tạo. Giống như, “Làm thế nào tôi có thể đánh dấu ba ô này với một câu?” Và đó là, nhân tiện, nếu bạn đang nghĩ về điều này, liệu họ có thực sự nghĩ về điều này khi họ làm video không? Có. Và đó chính là sự khác biệt giữa một video có 10.000 lượt xem và một video có một triệu lượt xem. Và đó là sự hiểu biết mức độ tinh vi khắp nơi trong toàn bộ quá trình mà tạo ra sự chuyên môn.
    Và cũng khi bạn nghĩ, “Ôi, video này thất bại,” khi bạn mới bắt đầu, bạn sẽ nghĩ, “Những video này nói chung không hiệu quả” hoặc “Nội dung không hiệu quả,” thay vì nói, “Video này không hiệu quả. Và đây là lý do tại sao, vì chúng tôi đã làm ba trong số năm điều.” Và vì vậy, tất cả những điều đó, ý tôi là, quỷ nằm trong những chi tiết, và bạn chỉ thực sự gặp quỷ bằng cách thực hiện một khối lượng công việc không hợp lý. Và sau đó nó trở thành, nó chuyển từ sự thiếu hiểu biết và thiếu kiến thức sang sự lạc quan được thông tin, bởi vì lúc đầu bạn nghĩ, “Tôi có thể làm video và trở nên giàu có.” Sau đó, bạn nhận ra rằng thật khó để tạo ra những video mà mọi người xem. Và cuối cùng, bạn bắt đầu phát triển một khung rằng “Đây là cách tôi tạo ra những video mà mọi người xem.” Và khi họ không xem, đó là vì tôi không tuân theo nó.
    Thật đúng lúc vì nó kết nối với điều bạn đã nói trước đó, bởi vì bạn gái tôi đã đến buổi ghi hình hôm qua. Và khi tôi bước vào phòng chờ và ngồi xuống, cô ấy nói, “Babe, nhìn này, tôi đã tìm thấy một ứng dụng mới.” Và tôi hỏi, “Nó là gì?” Cô ấy nói, “Đó là một ứng dụng tóm tắt sách.” Cô ấy, cái tên như là cái gì liên quan đến “head.” Cô ấy cho tôi xem nó. Và tôi nói, “Nhìn cuốn sách của tôi.” Vâng. Bởi vì tôi biết các quy luật. Tôi biết các chương. Tôi biết tất cả các nguyên tắc dẫn đến điểm đó. Vì vậy, hãy cho tôi xem cuốn sách của tôi và quy luật thứ hai của cuốn sách tôi có tên là *33 Quy luật, 33 Quy luật*. Và quy luật thứ hai là về kỹ thuật Richard Feynman mà bạn đã nói đến. Và tôi đã giải thích lý do tại sao quy trình học một điều gì đó, đơn giản hóa cho phù hợp với trẻ 10 tuổi, dạy nó cho người khác, nếu họ hiểu thì tiến tới, nếu không thì quay lại đầu và học lại. Và nó tóm tắt quy luật thứ hai trong cuốn sách của tôi, như là viết là cách tốt nhất để học. Vâng. Và tôi đã nói, “Babe, nếu bạn, tôi đã nói, nếu bạn chỉ đọc tóm tắt đó, đỉnh của kim tự tháp, và bạn không có câu chuyện và tất cả những nền tảng đồng thuận này, mà tôi đã giải thích cho cô ấy, bạn có thể sau đó dịch nó và thực sự hiểu được bản chất của vấn đề để bạn có thể áp dụng vào nhiều bối cảnh khác nhau hay không.” Sau đó, tôi đã nói với cô ấy ý nghĩa của quy luật thứ hai trong cuốn sách của tôi thực sự là gì. Và cô ấy đã xóa ứng dụng vì không có lý do gì để biết kết luận, câu tục ngữ. Vâng. Như là một câu chuyện cười. Vâng. Khi bạn không biết câu chuyện. Và không có câu chuyện, bạn không thể, tôi đoán, đạt được các nguyên tắc đầu tiên của điều đó.
    Vì vậy, điều này rất thú vị vì, với ví dụ về Feynman đó, nó chứng minh rằng sự tinh lọc kiến thức không phải là hai chiều. Vì vậy, bạn thấy, Richard Feynman có thể giải thích cho một đứa trẻ, nhưng một đứa trẻ không thể tự mình tìm ra những gì Feynman đã làm. Thú vị. Vâng.
    Và vì vậy, điều này rất tiện lợi cho việc truyền đạt thông tin và cho việc dạy ai đó, hãy nói, là người mới đến một tổ chức. Đây là những điều, và chúng đã cung cấp cho bạn các khuôn khổ ra quyết định xung quanh đó, và nó có thể cung cấp cho bạn hướng dẫn định hướng, um, uh, nhưng đó là chế độ người sáng lập. Đó cơ bản là một cách khác để đến với ý tưởng về chế độ người sáng lập. Người đó đã phát triển điều này. Và vì vậy khi một vấn đề xuất hiện, chúng ta có thể tái phát triển giải pháp tiếp theo thay vì cố gắng áp dụng những câu châm ngôn vào một bối cảnh mới. Một điểm khác cho những người sáng lập đang bị sao chép công việc của họ, bởi vì tất cả những gì bạn vừa nói thực sự nên mang lại cho một người sáng lập có công việc của họ bị sao chép, thiết kế áo phông của họ, nội dung của họ bị sao chép một lượng lớn bình an. Bởi vì nếu tôi cần biết các bước một, hai, ba, bốn, năm để lên cầu thang đến thành công để có thể dự đoán bước sáu, thì nếu ai đó chỉ sao chép bước năm của bạn, bạn nên hoàn toàn bình an vì họ không biết những nền tảng dẫn đến bước tiếp theo. Và đó là điều chúng ta thấy ở các podcaster. Các podcaster sao chép bạn, họ sẽ sao chép hình thu nhỏ, tiêu đề, hoặc bất kỳ thứ gì của bạn. Chắc chắn rằng bạn thấy điều đó ở khắp nơi. Vâng. Phần mà tôi có là, thật lòng mà nói, tôi thường nói với đội ngũ, nếu đó là điều làm cho chúng tôi đặc biệt, chúng tôi đã bị rối anyway. Như nếu đó là hình thu nhỏ hoặc cái này hoặc cách chúng tôi làm điều này, nếu đó là đoạn giới thiệu khiến chúng tôi đặc biệt, thì chúng tôi vẫn đã bị rối. Nhưng cũng có một bộ nguyên tắc mà chúng tôi gọi là tảng băng, 99% những gì chúng tôi làm, bạn không thể thấy. Đó là văn hóa, như bạn đã nói. Tôi có rất nhiều điều về điều này. Vậy thì, ngay khi tôi ngồi xuống, bạn đã nói với tôi về tập phim mà chúng ta đã chạy giống như một bể cá mập, nhưng phiên bản mới mà chúng tôi có trên kênh của chúng tôi. Và khi bạn thấy tôi như kiểu rên rỉ và như, nó dài 56 phút trên video, nhưng đó là rất nhiều công việc để sản xuất một thứ đó, nhưng không ai thấy tất cả công việc phía sau. Đó là 99%. Vì vậy, hãy nghĩ đến điều đầu tiên, điều tiếp theo là hãy nghĩ về, nếu bạn là một người sáng lập đang bị ám ảnh bởi sự cạnh tranh và đang buồn về nó, tôi cũng đã là một người như vậy. Và tôi muốn cho bạn biết tôi đã vượt qua nó như thế nào. Vì vậy, điều đầu tiên là hãy nghĩ về sự thay thế, đó là không có ai sao chép bạn vì không ai quan tâm đến những gì bạn đang làm. Nếu như vậy, thì điều đó sẽ là yêu cầu cho thành công mà mọi người sao chép bạn. Miễn là bạn thành công, đây chỉ là một phần của kinh doanh. Phần thứ hai là theo định nghĩa, nếu ai đó sao chép bạn, họ là người thứ hai, hết sức. Và vì vậy, nếu bạn muốn dẫn đầu, bạn không thể nhìn vào bất kỳ ai khác. Bạn phải luôn luôn phát triển bước tiếp theo, bước sáu mà không ai thấy từ năm bước đầu tiên của bạn để đổi mới thay vì chỉ đi lặp lại điều tiếp theo. Và ngay khi bạn thấy mình đang sao chép, bạn đã thừa nhận thất bại. Bạn đã thừa nhận rằng bạn không còn là người dẫn đầu và rằng bạn chỉ đang đi theo bước chân của người khác và bạn đang trao baton cho họ và nói, bạn hãy là nhà vô địch. Tôi hài lòng với vị trí thứ hai, thứ ba, thứ năm. Và trong một thế giới mà kẻ thắng được nhận tất cả như sự chú ý thì tất cả trái cây đều hướng đến vị trí đầu tiên. Amen. Amen. Tôi không có gì để thêm nữa. Vậy điều cuối cùng tôi muốn nói với bạn là nó thực sự giống như một điều ba phần. Đó là công việc chăm chỉ, tình yêu và hạnh phúc. Được rồi. Và tôi đã đặt chúng lại với nhau một cách có chủ ý. Có thể nói rằng sự cân bằng giữa công việc và cuộc sống, tình yêu, hạnh phúc. Tôi nghĩ rằng những điều này có sự liên kết cơ bản với nhau, nhưng bạn nghĩ thế nào về nó? Bạn là một người được biết đến là rất chú ý, rất đam mê công việc của bạn, để nói ít nhất. Bạn có một người bạn đời tuyệt vời có vẻ như đang đồng điệu. Ồ, tuyệt vời. Được rồi, tốt. Cô ấy rất quyết đoán. Vậy hãy cùng đi qua. Cân bằng công việc và cuộc sống / công việc chăm chỉ, tình yêu và hạnh phúc. Được rồi. Nếu chúng ta bắt đầu với cân bằng công việc và cuộc sống, đó là câu hỏi vớ vẩn. Những niềm tin về nó? Vâng. Vì vậy, tôi sẽ trả lời bằng cách tôi phát triển triết lý cuộc sống của mình, điều này xảy ra sau khi chúng tôi, vì vậy khi chúng tôi đã lấy khoảng 40 triệu đô la phân phối từ Jim launch cá nhân trong suốt, bạn biết đấy, năm mà chúng tôi điều hành công ty. Và trong năm bán hàng, cho những ai chưa bao giờ bán một công ty trước đây, bạn thường không muốn thay đổi nhiều thứ. Bạn muốn công ty chỉ như vậy, ổn định, tiếp tục hoạt động, mọi thứ đều ổn. Và vì vậy đó là một trong những trải nghiệm khó khăn nhất để trải qua vì bạn không thể thực sự thay đổi bất kỳ điều gì. Và nếu bạn là người sáng lập, bạn luôn cố gắng đổi mới. Vì vậy, bạn không thể làm những gì bạn thường làm. Bạn cũng không thể bắt đầu cái tiếp theo, vì vậy bạn không thể thay đổi hiện tại và bạn không thể bắt đầu mới. Bởi vì nếu giao dịch không thành công, thì bạn không muốn bắt đầu hai doanh nghiệp. Hãy nhớ, vì chúng ta hãy, bạn biết đấy, quy tắc số một, chúng ta không đuổi theo những cô gái mặc váy đỏ. Và vì vậy, bạn thực sự phải ngồi yên và chỉ để mọi thứ hoạt động. Và vì vậy trong năm đó, đó là một trong những năm tồi tệ nhất trong cuộc đời tôi vì tôi gần như không có gì để làm. Và khi tôi nhìn lại cuộc đời của mình, điều này nghe có vẻ như, bạn biết đấy, tôi đã nhìn lại cuộc đời của mình như thể nó đã lâu lắm, tôi đã nhìn vào những ngày mà tôi thích nhất. Và trong những ngày đó, tôi đã tập thể dục và tôi đã sản xuất điều gì đó và tôi đã làm cả hai điều đó với những người mà tôi thích. Và gần như tất cả những ngày đó, tôi đã làm việc rất nhiều giờ. Và khi tôi nhận ra rằng ý tưởng làm việc chăm chỉ để tôi có thể chèn từ trống, việc đó làm cho nó vẫn hướng đến đích. Vì vậy, đó là khi tôi phát triển cái mà tôi gọi là làm việc chăm chỉ là mục tiêu. Chỉ đơn giản là làm việc chăm chỉ. Đó là mục tiêu của tôi. Và sau đó là chết trên những thứ xứng đáng để làm. Và tôi, đó là những ngày mà tôi yêu. Và tôi nhận được rất nhiều phản ứng trái chiều khi nói điều này. Và điều đó gây phiền hà cho nhiều người. Và với họ, tôi nói, hãy sống cuộc sống của bạn theo cách mà bạn muốn. Đây lại một lần nữa, cuộc sống của tôi không phải là bài giảng. Đó là một bộ phim tài liệu. Đây chỉ là cách tôi làm điều đó.
    Bạn có thể làm bất cứ điều gì bạn muốn. Và đối với những người không hài lòng, hãy thử xem. Nếu không, cũng không sao. Tôi thực sự thích làm việc, những ngày tuyệt vời nhất của tôi là khi tôi viết những cuốn sách đó, đó là lúc tôi vui vẻ nhất. Và nó không vui trong khoảnh khắc vì nó thực sự khó khăn. Nhưng mức độ thử thách thì tương xứng với trình độ kỹ năng của tôi. Mỗi cuốn sách tôi nghĩ đều tốt hơn cuốn trước. Và cuốn sách thứ ba sắp ra mắt sẽ thật tuyệt vời. Tôi rất hào hứng về nó. Nhưng không có gì mà tôi thích hơn. Nhưng trong khoảnh khắc, tôi nghĩ, làm thế nào để tôi phân tích điều này? Tôi chỉ đang xoa trán của mình và tôi như kiểu, rồi tôi tạo ra hai, ba khung khác nhau. Tôi nghĩ, không, điều này không hiệu quả ở đây và điều kia không hiệu quả ở đó, điều này có nghĩa là một đứa trẻ nào đó ở Afghanistan sẽ bị kẹt ở bước này vì nó không hoạt động. Tôi phải tìm cách làm cho nó hoạt động ở khắp mọi nơi. Và tôi cứ tiếp tục khám phá. Nhưng ngay khi nó “click”, tôi như kiểu, đó rồi, hãy đấu với tôi. Đó là khung làm việc. Đó là điều mà tôi đang cố gắng đạt được. Đối với tôi, tình yêu, hạnh phúc và công việc đã trở thành một trong cuộc sống của tôi, vì bản chất cuộc sống của tôi. Giờ đây, có một số người đã sống cuộc đời của họ với tình yêu, hạnh phúc và công việc tách biệt. Đối với tôi, nó chỉ là cuộc sống. Và tôi thích nó như vậy. Và đối với những người cảm thấy không hài lòng với điều đó, tôi không khó chịu về cách bạn sống cuộc đời của bạn. Tôi chỉ chọn sống theo cách này. Và nếu trong tương lai, tôi thay đổi suy nghĩ của mình, tôi sẽ thay đổi cuộc sống của tôi. Nếu tôi đến một mức mà tôi cảm thấy điều này không còn là ưu tiên nữa, cái khác mới là ưu tiên, thì tôi sẽ làm điều đó. Nhưng khi tôi nhìn vào những người sống hơn trăm tuổi và nhìn vào những người như Warren Buffett và Charlie Munger, hai người thần tượng của tôi, Charlie đã làm việc cho đến ngày ông qua đời. Và để rõ ràng, tôi không làm việc theo lịch bảy ngày. Tôi không làm việc theo giờ cụ thể. Tôi làm việc nhiều nhất có thể cho đến khi tôi cảm thấy năng suất của mình giảm đáng kể vì sự mệt mỏi. Và sau đó tôi ngủ. Nếu tôi cảm thấy, trong một khoảng thời gian dài như tôi đã làm việc chín ngày, hai mươi ngày, ba mươi ngày liên tiếp và tôi cảm thấy, được rồi, hôm nay tôi không còn sức lực. Thì tôi sẽ nghỉ cả ngày. Dù đó là thứ Ba hay Chủ Nhật hay Thứ Bảy, tôi nghỉ cả ngày và đó là như vậy. Tôi đã học được cách làm việc như thế và tôi thấy ổn với điều đó. Mục tiêu rõ ràng đối với bạn thì là chính sự lao động khó khăn và không phải là một địa điểm nhất định mà bạn đang cố gắng đạt được. Bởi vì điều đó luôn thay đổi. Và vì vậy, Jesse Itzler có một điều này và có thể tôi sẽ có thể lấy nó từ anh ấy một ngày nào đó. Nhưng anh ấy đã nói, tôi thấy anh ấy hiển thị một bức tranh về con anh ấy khi về đích và giơ một con số không lên. Và điều đó có ý nghĩa là không còn gì trong bình xăng, rằng anh ấy đã tiêu tốn mọi thứ anh có trên sân. Và tôi sẽ, và nó giống như, tôi có hình ảnh của bộ phim 300 nơi nữ hoàng nói với nhà vua khi ông rời chiến trường, bà nói, hãy trở về với chiếc khiên của mình hoặc nằm trên đó. Và tôi nhìn công việc của tôi theo cách đó. Tôi không thể hình dung ra cách nào tốt hơn để ra đi hơn là làm điều mà tôi yêu thích. Và điều đó làm phiền rất nhiều người vì tôi yêu thích điều gì đó khác với họ yêu thích. Và thật sự, điều đó làm tôi bực bội vì nó làm phiền họ, thật lòng mà nói. Bởi vì tôi không dự đoán, cứ làm những gì bạn muốn. Và tôi cảm thấy nếu tôi từng có một điều mà mọi người hiểu từ tôi, đó là sự tự do tuyệt đối. Và vì sự tự do tuyệt đối đó, chúng tôi hoàn toàn chịu trách nhiệm về cuộc sống của chính chúng tôi. Vị trí mà chúng ta chỉ trích cũng là vị trí mà sức mạnh chảy. Vì vậy, nếu bạn đổ lỗi cho cha mẹ về cuộc sống của mình, cha mẹ bạn có quyền lực trong cuộc sống của bạn. Nếu bạn đổ lỗi cho sếp của bạn vì cuộc sống không tốt, sếp của bạn có quyền lực trong cuộc sống của bạn. Nếu bạn tự đổ lỗi cho mình vì cuộc sống không tốt, ít nhất bạn có thể thay đổi bản thân và bạn có thể làm điều gì đó về điều đó. Và vì vậy, tôi nghĩ trách nhiệm tuyệt đối đã trở thành nguyên tắc cốt lõi của tôi. Nếu bạn có cuộc sống mà bạn nói rằng bạn không muốn quan tâm đến công việc nhiều đến vậy. Và bạn chỉ muốn dành tất cả thời gian cho gia đình. Tôi như kiểu, chúc mừng bạn, bạn đã thắng, điều đó thật tuyệt. Chỉ cần đừng cho rằng tất cả mọi người đều giống bạn. Và điều mà chiến thắng đối với tôi là giống như chiến thắng đối với bạn. Và tôi nghĩ mỗi khi tôi nói về điều này, tôi biết rằng thông điệp của tôi sẽ không gây tiếng vang với tất cả mọi người. Và điều đó cũng không sao. Nhưng nó dành cho một vài người giống tôi và cảm thấy như mọi người nói với họ rằng họ có điều gì đó không ổn. Và tôi vẫn nhận được người nói với tôi rằng có điều gì đó không ổn ở tôi. Và nếu không ổn có nghĩa là không bình thường, thì vâng, bạn đúng. Nhưng nó còn có nghĩa là bạn khác với người khác và điều đó cũng không sao. Và tôi nghĩ rằng nếu bạn thấy điều đó ổn, thì nó mở ra một lĩnh vực hoàn toàn mới về khả năng làm những gì bạn muốn. Và giống như tôi đã từng làm, bạn biết đấy, bạn thực hiện 100 việc này và bạn nhìn vào 10% tốt nhất và thực hiện 100 việc này, nhìn vào 10% tốt nhất. Đó là cách tôi cố gắng hiện thực hóa hạnh phúc bởi vì đó là một điều gì đó vô hình mà khi tôi 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 tuổi, tôi đã gặp rất nhiều khó khăn, tôi đã rất trầm cảm. Tôi đã tìm hiểu về tôn giáo, tôi đã nhìn vào rất nhiều điều khác nhau. Và điều này là phổ biến đối với những người ở độ tuổi đó. Và tôi đã nghĩ ra một câu thần chú cho bản thân vào thời điểm đó, đó là “không quan tâm đến hạnh phúc”. Bây giờ mọi người sẽ nghe điều này và tôi chắc chắn rằng điều này sẽ bị hiểu sai. Nhưng đó thực sự là khoảnh khắc giải tỏa cho tôi, nơi mà việc liên tục theo đuổi hạnh phúc, nó luôn ở bên ngoài tôi. Và vì vậy nó luôn là một củ cà rốt mà ở phía trước tôi mà tôi không thể thực sự đạt được. Và do đó, bằng cách nói “không quan tâm đến hạnh phúc”, tôi như kiểu, điều đó không thể đạt được. Tôi chỉ sẽ làm việc và làm những điều mà tôi muốn làm. Và khi tôi bắt đầu làm những điều mà tôi muốn làm, tôi đã nhìn lên vài năm sau và tôi như kiểu, tôi thực sự khá thích cuộc sống của mình. Và tôi tự hỏi, liệu điều này có phải là hạnh phúc không? Và tôi đã tự nhủ, tôi không biết.
    Nhưng tôi nghĩ một trong những khó khăn lớn nhất của nhân loại, kể cả tôi, là kỳ vọng rằng cuộc sống nên khác với những gì nó đang có. Và vì vậy, chúng ta tạo ra ý tưởng rằng những gì chúng ta có ngay bây giờ không phải là những gì nó nên có. Tôi nghĩ rằng “nên” là gốc rễ của tất cả nỗi đau, là tất cả những điều mà chúng ta nghĩ rằng nên xảy ra nhưng không xảy ra, cơ bản là thước đo cho nỗi đau của chúng ta. Vì vậy, tôi đã cố gắng xóa bỏ “nên” khỏi cuộc sống của tôi, “nên” của những người khác. Cô ấy nên làm điều này. Họ nên làm điều đó. Chỉ cần chấp nhận rằng nó là như vậy. Nó chỉ đơn giản là như thế này. Tôi làm việc. Không phải là tôi nên làm việc nhiều hơn. Tôi nên làm việc ít hơn. Tôi nên làm việc khác đi. Tôi nên gặp mẹ tôi nhiều hơn. Tôi nên gọi điện cho bố tôi nhiều hơn. Tôi làm điều này. Và nếu có điều gì thay đổi, tôi sẽ thay đổi. Vì vậy, những “nên” không điều kiện. Bây giờ, nếu có một điều kiện như, nếu bạn muốn kiếm nhiều tiền hơn, thì xác suất cao hơn là bạn có thể muốn xem xét làm điều này. Đó là những điều mà tôi không xem xét trong danh mục đó. Nhưng chỉ cần những “nên” tổng quát như: anh ấy không nên làm điều đó. Anh ấy nên xây dựng một gia đình. Anh ấy nên có con. Anh ấy nên cưới vợ sớm hơn. Anh ấy nên cưới muộn hơn. Anh ấy nên lấy người khác. Anh ấy không nên có cuộc sống mà anh ấy đang có. Anh ấy không nên làm việc theo cách này theo cái gì. Và vì vậy, đối với tôi, đó là lý thuyết của tôi về cuộc sống, về hạnh phúc, công việc và tình yêu đã được thống nhất rất nhiều. Bởi vì tôi yêu công việc của mình đến mức tôi đã rời bỏ một mối quan hệ. Và khi tôi, bạn biết đấy, bắt đầu hẹn hò với Layla, tôi đã nói rằng tôi không sẵn sàng thay đổi điều này. Và vì vậy bạn phải sẵn sàng đối phó với việc tôi làm việc theo cách này hoặc điều này sẽ không hoạt động. Bởi vì mối quan hệ của tôi với công việc là mối quan hệ thỏa mãn nhất mà tôi có. Bây giờ mọi người sẽ nghe điều đó và nghĩ, ồ, đó là vì anh ấy chưa bao giờ trải nghiệm tình yêu chân chính hoặc bất cứ điều gì khác, bất cứ câu chuyện nào mà họ sẽ nói, nhưng điều đó giống như bạn chưa sống cuộc sống của tôi và tôi chưa sống cuộc sống của bạn và tôi không đặt bất cứ điều gì lên bạn. Nhưng tôi, tôi thích, tôi yêu những gì tôi làm. Và tôi thích, tôi bị tấn công vì thích những gì tôi làm quá nhiều. Và tôi thích làm việc rất nhiều và, và đó là vì họ có những liên tưởng tiêu cực với từ đó và đó, đó là lịch sử của họ, về kinh nghiệm của họ với từ đó. Nhưng tôi coi các mục tiêu của mình và mối quan hệ của tôi với các mục tiêu như một trong những điều thiêng liêng nhất mà tôi có bởi vì tôi coi chúng như một mối quan hệ với chính mình. Và vì vậy, những người trung gian khi ai đó đến và nói, “Này, bạn yêu quý, bạn đã làm việc quá nhiều” theo cái gì, tại sao tôi nên dừng lại? Đúng không? Giờ hãy làm điều khác đi và mọi người có lẽ sẽ xem điều này như một cái gì đó, họ sẽ gán bất cứ nhãn nào họ muốn lên đó, nhưng như tôi đã nói, đây là điều tôi muốn làm với cuộc sống của mình. Và nếu bạn có thể kết hợp bản thân vào điều đó, điều đó sẽ thật tuyệt vời. Vì vậy, buổi hẹn hò thứ hai của tôi với Layla, sau khi chúng tôi đã nói về kinh doanh trong bốn giờ vào buổi hẹn đầu tiên, là tôi đã nói, tôi sẽ làm việc cả ngày, thật tuyệt nếu bạn làm việc cùng tôi. Và cô ấy chỉ làm việc bên cạnh tôi. Cô ấy có công việc của riêng mình, nhưng cô ấy chỉ làm việc bên cạnh tôi và tôi đã nghĩ, điều này thật tuyệt. Và theo thời gian, cuối cùng, nó trở thành, “Hey, có thể bạn muốn làm việc về điều này cùng tôi.” Và cô ấy đã nói, “Vâng, nghe có vẻ hay.” Nó hơi phức tạp hơn một chút. Nhưng về cơ bản, tôi đã khiến cô ấy chuyển sang làm việc cùng tôi. Và vào lúc đó, điều mà chúng tôi có thể nói về là những gì chúng tôi đang tạo ra cùng nhau. Đối với tôi, đó đã là, bạn biết đấy, hành trình cuộc sống của tôi và nó thật tuyệt vời. Tôi không nói rằng điều này phù hợp với mọi người. Tôi sẽ nói rằng nó có lẽ không phù hợp với hầu hết mọi người, nhưng nó đã hoạt động rất tốt với tôi. Và sẽ hợp lý đối với tôi rằng con đường của tôi sẽ khác với hầu hết mọi người vì tôi không hành xử như hầu hết mọi người. Và vì vậy, tôi sẽ phải có một công thức khác cho cách tôi tìm kiếm ý nghĩa, bạn biết đấy, hoặc niềm vui từ cuộc sống của chính mình. Và vì tôi không tin vào ý nghĩa vốn có, chỉ có ý nghĩa mà chúng ta chọn gán cho các thứ, vì vậy việc tạo ra ý nghĩa đó trong công việc mà tôi làm là trách nhiệm của tôi. Và vì vậy lý do để acquisition.com được tạo ra chủ yếu dựa trên việc, và đó là trong năm mà tôi chỉ đơn giản là không có gì để làm nơi tôi đã nghĩ, tôi muốn làm gì với cuộc sống của mình? Bởi vì tôi không cần phải làm việc nữa. Và đó là, bạn biết đấy, chúng tôi đã có 40 triệu trước khi bán. Và sau đó, chúng tôi rõ ràng đã có vụ bán đó. Vì vậy, tôi không cần phải làm việc. Tôi thích làm việc. Và tôi cố gắng dành thời gian, tôi nhìn vào, bạn biết đấy, tôi có một người sếp đã nói với tôi điều này và là một trong những, một trong những chất xúc tác để nhìn cuộc sống theo cách này. Cô ấy đã nói, tôi vừa có một cuối tuần tuyệt vời hoặc điều gì đó và tôi đã đến làm việc với tâm trạng vui vẻ. Và cô ấy đã nói, “Chà, hẳn bạn đã có một cuối tuần tốt.” Và tôi đã nói, “Vâng, nó tốt.” Và cô ấy đã nói điều này như một bình luận thoáng qua. Cô ấy nói, “Tôi khá chắc chắn chìa khóa để hạnh phúc là sống nhiều ngày liên tiếp như vậy nhất có thể.” Và thực sự, nó rất thiết thực, như tôi có thể, tôi đã suy nghĩ, tôi có thể sử dụng điều này, như những ngày tốt là gì? Làm thế nào để tôi sống nhiều ngày như vậy liên tiếp nhất có thể. Và vì vậy tôi đã, bạn biết đấy, tôi đã bị tấn công vì đã nói rằng tôi thực sự không thích đi nghỉ mát nhiều. Và đó là vì như, tôi chỉ muốn quay lại làm những gì tôi thực sự thích làm. Và tôi nhớ chúng tôi, Layla và tôi đã đến Mexico năm nay trong một tuần. Và luôn luôn là trong tuần của Giáng sinh, vì không ai làm việc và điều đó khiến tôi phát điên. Và tôi đã như đã từ bỏ việc cố gắng để mọi người làm việc. Bởi vì ngay cả khi đội của tôi sẽ làm việc, vì đội của tôi sẽ như vậy, vì họ cũng điên rồ, các đội khác cũng vậy. Họ muốn tạm ngừng anyway. Và vì vậy, trong thời gian chúng tôi ở đó, tất cả những gì tôi có được chỉ là, điều này dành cho người khác và không phải cho tôi, và điều đó không sao cả. Sớm thôi khi chúng tôi đang nói về- Vậy đó có phải là quãng đường dài không? Không. Nó thật đẹp.
    Bởi vì điều đó, tôi có một vài điều rút ra từ cuộc trò chuyện này, nhưng trước đó chúng ta đã nói về việc trở thành một người sáng tạo nội dung tuyệt vời là hệ quả của việc có can đảm để là chính mình. Và từ đó, mọi thứ bạn vừa nói – tôi thấy vẻ mặt của chúng ta – tất cả đều tương tự, đó là hạnh phúc cũng cần điều tương tự, là can đảm để là chính mình. Trong cả hai trường hợp, theo phép so sánh trước đó bạn đã nói, mọi người đều độc nhất và đó là giá trị của họ khi liên quan đến việc thể hiện trong marketing hoặc với bất kỳ sản phẩm nào họ có.
    Nhưng cũng khi tôi nghĩ về câu chuyện của Alex, câu chuyện của bạn, và tất cả những gì bạn đã trải qua với cha bạn, những trải nghiệm đầu đời và công ty tư vấn, phòng gym, nơi thú cưng mà bạn đã làm việc, thì hợp lý rằng, từ những nguyên tắc cơ bản, điều gì sẽ làm bạn hạnh phúc – Bởi vì bạn hoàn toàn độc nhất, sẽ hoàn toàn khác biệt so với tất cả mọi người khác. Đúng vậy. Tùy thuộc vào mức độ mà bạn định nghĩa những trải nghiệm đầu đời của mình, nhưng thực sự tôi nghĩ chúng ta đã nói về can đảm để là chính mình. Còn có can đảm để hạnh phúc nữa. Và với can đảm để hạnh phúc, bạn phải chống chọi lại áp lực công chúng, những điều nên làm mà bạn đã nói từ cha mẹ bạn, bất cứ điều gì từ mạng xã hội, đặc biệt là khi bạn trở thành một người sáng tạo lớn hơn, để thực sự lắng nghe cảm xúc của bạn mỗi ngày.
    Tôi có thể đưa ra một điều mà tôi nghĩ sẽ rất thú vị, điều này thật sự khiến tôi bất ngờ. Tôi cũng ở vào khoảng thời gian đó, vì tôi đã nói chuyện với tất cả mọi người tôi có thể để cố gắng hiểu rõ hơn về điều này. Và tôi đã gọi cho một người bạn, hay không phải bạn, tôi sẽ nói là một người quen mà tôi đã kết nối, người đã bán công ty của mình với giá hàng trăm triệu đô la, rất thông minh. Một trong những câu hỏi tôi đã hỏi anh ấy là, “Vậy, bạn tìm kiếm ý nghĩa cuộc sống của mình như thế nào?” Và anh ấy đã trả lời một câu khiến tôi thật sự chấn động, điều này không xảy ra nhiều vì cách nhìn của tôi về thế giới. Anh ấy nói, “Tại sao bạn nghĩ rằng cuộc sống cần phải có ý nghĩa?”
    Và đó chỉ là một câu hỏi rất thú vị, mà về cơ bản tôi có một yêu cầu ngầm từ vũ trụ. Cuộc sống nên có ý nghĩa. Tôi nên hạnh phúc. Và vì vậy, đó là những điều nên làm mà chúng ta thậm chí không biết là mình nghĩ và nói, là những điều thay đổi chúng ta nhiều nhất, như một cách quyết liệt. Và vì vậy, câu trích yêu thích của tôi từ trước đến nay, có lẽ nằm ở phía trước của một vài cuốn sách mà tôi có, và có lẽ sẽ là câu trích mà sẽ được khắc trên bia mộ của tôi, là một biến thể của câu trích của Orson Scott Card, đó là, “Chúng ta nghi ngờ tất cả niềm tin của chúng ta, ngoại trừ những niềm tin mà chúng ta thực sự tin và những điều mà chúng ta không bao giờ nghĩ đến để nghi ngờ.”
    Vì vậy, tôi sẽ nói rằng một phần lớn trong sự nghiệp doanh nhân của tôi, thậm chí là hành trình con người, đã là, những niềm tin nào mà tôi rất, rất tin tưởng đến mức tôi không thậm chí nhìn thấy chúng? Tôi không nghĩ về những điều nên làm. Và khi anh ấy nói điều đó với tôi, tôi đã nghĩ, “Wow, tôi đã có một yêu cầu ngầm từ vũ trụ rằng cuộc sống của tôi phải có ý nghĩa.” Và giờ thì mọi người sẽ nghe điều này và nói, “Họ có những điều nên làm của họ, và họ sẽ nói, ‘Nó nên có ý nghĩa.’” Và tôi như, “Tại sao? Theo cái gì?” Nếu chúng ta nhìn vào lịch sử, lịch sử gần như quét sạch mọi người dưới gầm giường, trong vòng một trăm năm. Và trong vòng một ngàn năm, về cơ bản mọi người, và những người mà chúng ta nhớ, chúng ta nhớ một số tác phẩm của họ. Và nếu chúng ta tiến xa một trăm nghìn năm trong tương lai, hoặc 10.000 năm trong tương lai, có lẽ khả năng chúng ta sẽ được ghi nhớ trong tương lai là rất thấp. Và điều đó giải quyết cho ý tưởng rằng chúng ta cần phải được nhớ đến một lần nữa. Chúng ta phải. Tại sao?
    Vì vậy, giải pháp của tôi đã hướng đến những mức độ tự do và trách nhiệm. Vậy những điều gì tôi có thể kiểm soát? Và tôi sẽ cố gắng hết khả năng của mình để làm những điều trong tầm kiểm soát của tôi nhằm làm cho cuộc sống của người khác và cả của mình tốt đẹp hơn trong quá trình đó. Giờ đây, đó là một sự lựa chọn thay vì yêu cầu điều đó từ vũ trụ. Và điều này trở nên rất trừu tượng và phức tạp rất nhanh. Vì vậy, tôi sẽ cố gắng đưa chúng ta trở lại mặt đất. Nhưng bằng cách yêu cầu cuộc sống có ý nghĩa, bằng cách yêu cầu tôi hạnh phúc, khi tôi nhận ra rằng tôi đang yêu cầu những điều này và theo đuổi chúng, rằng chúng nằm ngoài tôi bằng cách nói, tôi cần phải làm điều này, rằng tôi đã tạo ra một khoảng không gian ngầm mà tôi không bao giờ có thể kết nối hoặc đóng lại. Và vậy, bằng cách cố gắng quên hoặc loại bỏ yêu cầu đó, là nơi tôi lần đầu tiên trải nghiệm những điều đó. Vì vậy, tôi cố gắng giữ chúng ra khỏi đầu mình nhiều nhất có thể để tôi có thể ở bên trong chúng, nghe có vẻ kỳ lạ, thay vì theo đuổi chúng.
    Và thời gian mà tôi tìm thấy niềm vui nhiều nhất từ cuộc sống của mình, nếu tôi tối ưu hóa cho điều đó, mà tôi sẽ không nhất thiết nói rằng tôi đang tối ưu hóa cho niềm vui, tôi nghĩ Williamson đã nói là bạn chắc chắn đang tối ưu hóa cho mục đích hoặc ý nghĩa hoặc điều gì đó như vậy. Và tôi phần nào từ chối nhiều điều trong số đó chủ yếu vì tôi làm những gì tôi đã được thưởng cho việc làm trong quá khứ. Và vì vậy, bởi vì tôi có một quan điểm hành vi về thế giới, đó là mọi thứ đổ về hành vi, tại sao tôi lại làm những điều này? Tôi làm những điều này vì khi tôi đã làm chúng trong quá khứ, tôi đã thích kết quả. Và vì vậy, tôi tiếp tục làm những điều mà tôi đã thích kết quả của chúng. Và nếu người khác đã làm những điều mà họ thích kết quả của chúng, thì tôi khuyến khích bạn tiếp tục làm chúng. Và tôi cũng khuyến khích bạn không dự đoán rằng người khác cũng cần phải làm những điều đó và rằng họ sẽ trải nghiệm cùng một kết quả như bạn, vì có thể họ sẽ không.
    Alex, cảm ơn bạn. Ồ, đó là một cách kết thúc thật đẹp. Và thật thú vị vì nếu mọi người tấn công bạn về điều đó, tôi chỉ muốn đưa ra quan điểm của riêng mình là khi tôi nghe bạn nói những điều này về việc không thích các kỳ nghỉ và những điều về mối quan hệ của bạn với Layla và cách điều đó xảy ra, đối với tôi, tôi cảm thấy, ngay cả khi tôi không đồng ý 100%, tôi có lẽ đạt khoảng 95% để nói thật với bạn.
    Sự thật là bạn nói với tôi rằng bạn khác biệt khiến cho sự khác biệt của tôi, dù đó là gì, cũng cảm thấy được chấp nhận.
    Bạn có hiểu tôi đang nói gì không?
    Tôi hoàn toàn đồng ý với những gì bạn đang nói.
    Bởi vì khi tôi nghe bạn nói những điều này, tôi nghĩ, ôi trời ơi, Alex cảm thấy mình khác biệt so với người bình thường.
    Chúng ta có thể không giống nhau, nhưng cả hai đều cảm thấy một cách tự nhiên rằng chúng ta không đang chơi theo quy tắc và vì vậy theo một cách nào đó, đang làm sai cuộc sống dựa trên những câu chuyện công khai về cách mà chúng ta nên sống.
    Tôi đã nghĩ, thật tuyệt vời.
    Tôi nhớ đã xem video nơi bạn nói về việc không thích đi nghỉ. Cảm thấy như bị ám ảnh và tôi nghĩ, ôi trời ơi, tôi thật sự vui vì bạn đã nói điều đó, vì sâu thẳm trong trái tim, tôi cảm thấy một nỗi tội lỗi, một nỗi tội lỗi và tôi tự hỏi, nỗi tội lỗi đó đến từ đâu?
    Đúng rồi.
    Tôi đang làm điều đó.
    Đó là điều mà tôi yêu thích mỗi ngày, nhưng tôi cảm thấy tội lỗi.
    Tôi cảm thấy tội lỗi bởi vì những điều mà người khác nghĩ rằng tôi nên làm, đúng không?
    Vì vậy, xin hãy, Alex, mặc dù có thể có những người chỉ trích ở ngoài kia, hãy tiếp tục có dũng khí là chính mình, bởi vì bạn không biết điều đó đang làm cho một nhóm những người kỳ lạ cảm thấy không vừa vặn được lắng nghe và hiểu cho sự khác biệt của họ như thế nào.
    Vâng, đó là lý do tại sao tôi, vâng, tôi làm điều đó cho họ.
    Chúng ta có một truyền thống kết thúc trong podcast này, như bạn đã biết, nơi khách mời cuối cùng để lại một câu hỏi cho khách mời tiếp theo, mà không biết họ để lại cho ai.
    Ôi trời.
    Tôi đang cười vì điều này thật mỉa mai.
    Được rồi. Ý nghĩa của cuộc sống là gì?
    Vâng, câu trả lời ngắn gọn hiển nhiên là 42, nhưng thực sự tôi nghĩ điều đó là việc học. Bởi vì nếu chúng ta nghĩ về việc học là gì, thì đó là bạn được tiếp xúc với những điều kiện mới mà theo thời gian thay đổi hành vi của bạn.
    Và vì vậy bạn khác bây giờ so với 10 năm trước vì bạn đã học được nhiều điều hơn.
    Và nếu chúng ta nghĩ về ý nghĩa của cuộc sống như là đầu ra của cuộc sống, thì thực sự tôi rất thích điều này.
    Vì vậy, mọi người nói, tôi có thể liên hệ điều này với kinh doanh, tất nhiên, tôi có thể liên hệ ý nghĩa của cuộc sống với kinh doanh, nhưng ý nghĩa của một doanh nghiệp là gì?
    Mục đích của doanh nghiệp là bất cứ điều gì mà đầu ra của doanh nghiệp đó. Đó là ý nghĩa.
    Đó là đầu ra của doanh nghiệp đó.
    Và vì vậy nếu sứ mệnh như Elon là đi đến sao Hỏa, thì đầu ra của sứ mệnh là con người đến sao Hỏa.
    Và đó là ý nghĩa của doanh nghiệp đó.
    Và vì vậy ý nghĩa của cuộc sống nói chung đối với tôi, tôi nghĩ đối với tất cả nhân loại là đầu ra của trải nghiệm là học hỏi.
    Và đề nghị rằng chúng ta sẽ học hỏi bất kể chúng ta có muốn hay không, chúng ta sẽ học.
    Mọi thứ xảy ra bất kể bạn muốn, có thích hay không, bạn sẽ học.
    Và tôi nghĩ đó là nơi mà tôi sẽ để lại nó.
    Và câu hỏi là, bạn có đang học những điều mà bạn muốn không?
    Amen.
    Tôi rất khuyến nghị mọi người hãy xem định dạng mới mà bạn đã ra mắt trên kênh YouTube của mình.
    Nó có tiêu đề xây dựng một doanh nghiệp trị giá 1 triệu đô la cho một người lạ trong 56 phút.
    Nó giống như một cách tiếp cận mới về Shark Tank, nhưng nó thực hành và có thể hành động được hơn.
    Đó là điều mà bạn đã đề cập trước đó.
    Và tôi biết nó đã tốn của bạn rất nhiều giờ để hoàn thiện, nhưng đây là một định dạng thật sự thú vị.
    Và tôi nghĩ YouTube đang tìm kiếm vì nó có thể hành động và thực tế quá.
    Và tôi rất khuyến nghị, tôi sẽ liên kết nó bên dưới, nhưng tôi cũng rất khuyến nghị mọi người hãy kiểm tra những cuốn sách này.
    Ý tôi là, nói rằng chúng là những cú hít lớn thì là một sự đánh giá thấp khổng lồ.
    Cảm ơn bạn.
    Ý tôi là, tôi thấy nó ở khắp mọi nơi.
    Tôi cảm giác đây là một điều kiện tiên quyết trong bộ công cụ của mọi doanh nhân khi họ bắt đầu và đang cố gắng tìm hiểu các khuôn khổ để mở rộng một doanh nghiệp, thực hiện doanh số, tạo ra khách hàng tiềm năng.
    Và tôi biết còn một cuốn nữa đang trên đường đến, mà bạn sẽ không nói cho tôi biết, nhưng tôi biết nó sẽ ra mắt trong năm nay, đó là tập ba của định dạng này, và tôi rất hào hứng để thấy nó.
    Và cho bất kỳ doanh nhân nào đang tìm cách hợp tác kinh doanh với bạn, tôi rất khuyến nghị họ hãy kiểm tra acquisition.com, vì có rất nhiều điều ở đó, bất kể bạn đang ở đâu trong vòng đời, có thể bạn đang bắt đầu, đang mở rộng, hay đang tìm kiếm lời khuyên, acquisition.com là nơi để đến.
    Cảm ơn bạn, Alex, vì sự hào phóng của bạn.
    Tôi rất cảm kích.
    Và cảm ơn bạn vì tất cả những gì bạn đã làm.
    Cảm ơn bạn vì đã kỳ quái và khác biệt vì đó là, một lần nữa, đó chính là giá trị.
    Đó là tất cả giá trị trong thế giới này.
    Chúng ta không cần nhiều hơn những điều tương tự.
    Chúng ta cần những người có dũng khí để là chính mình và dũng khí để hạnh phúc.
    Và đó chính xác là những gì bạn là.
    Và tôi thực sự, thực sự trân trọng điều đó.
    Cảm ơn bạn rất nhiều.
    Điều này thật tuyệt phải không?
    Mỗi cuộc trò chuyện mà tôi có ở đây trong The Diary of a CEO, ở cuối cùng, bạn sẽ biết, tôi đã yêu cầu khách mời để lại một câu hỏi trong The Diary of a CEO.
    Và điều mà chúng tôi đã làm là chúng tôi đã biến mỗi câu hỏi được viết trong The Diary of a CEO thành những thẻ trò chuyện mà bạn có thể chơi ở nhà.
    Vì vậy, bạn có tất cả khách mời mà chúng tôi đã từng có, câu hỏi của họ.
    Và ở mặt sau, nếu bạn quét mã QR đó, bạn sẽ xem được người đã trả lời câu hỏi đó.
    Chúng tôi cuối cùng đang tiết lộ tất cả các câu hỏi và những người đã trả lời câu hỏi.
    Phiên bản mới, phiên bản hai cập nhật của thẻ trò chuyện hiện đang có sẵn tại theconversationcards.com.
    Chúng đã bán hết hai lần ngay lập tức.
    Vì vậy, nếu bạn đang quan tâm đến việc sở hữu một số thẻ trò chuyện phiên bản giới hạn, tôi thực sự, thực sự khuyến nghị bạn hãy hành động nhanh chóng.
    [MUSIC PLAYING]
    .
    The Diary of a CEO, ở cuối cùng, bạn sẽ biết rằng bạn đã có mọi câu hỏi được viết trong The Diary of a CEO, ở cuối cùng, bạn sẽ biết rằng bạn đã có mọi câu hỏi được viết trong The Diary of a CEO, ở cuối cùng, bạn sẽ biết rằng bạn đã…
    如果你想賺更多的錢,你可能想考慮這樣做。
    所以第一,請稍微暫停一下,因為在這位男士之前出現的是你的一個錯誤概念。
    哦,天啊,這就是企業家的生命週期,總共有六個階段。
    現在絕大多數人都會在第三階段卡住。
    在這個階段,我犯了一些職業生涯中最大的錯誤,結果你會發現自己在同樣的生活中度過20年,每六個月都在受苦,直到你學會如何擺脫它。
    我想逐步講解整個過程。
    這將會非常精彩。
    艾利克斯·霍莫西(Alex Hormozi)是商業策略的大師。
    他是一位將公司規模擴大到數百萬的藝術家,也是如何成功的領導聲音。
    他是一位創業強者。
    無論你是在起步階段還是想要從100萬美元增長到1000萬美元,總會有某些行為和行動會增加成功的可能性,我們將逐步探討。
    但這裡有個很多人不喜歡談論的艱難真相。
    企業家必須願意做出不可能的選擇。
    要有勇氣願意承認自己錯誤。
    在他們所關心的人的面前失敗時感到羞愧。
    而這種恐懼會讓人們在一份他們不想要的工作和生活中困住多年。
    這就是我的道路。
    我曾經有一份白領工作,公寓俯瞰城市,所有事情都按計劃進行。
    我記得曾經想過我不想活著,因為我太害怕了。
    但一旦你克服了恐懼,它會釋放出一個全新的可能性領域,讓你能夠做你想做的事情。
    那時你就可以學會真正的創業遊戲。
    例如,了解商業點子通常來自三個P之一。
    你只需要這三個中的一個。
    接下來還有四個R,幫助客戶成功的方法。
    快速學習新技能的方法。
    在競爭激烈的市場中脫穎而出的方法。
    2025年的贏家策略。
    還有更多。
    我該從哪裡開始呢?
    我覺得非常有趣的是,當我們查看Spotify、Apple以及我們的音頻頻道的後台時,大多數收聽這個播客的人還未點擊追蹤或訂閱按鈕。
    無論你在哪裡收聽這個節目,我想和你達成一個協議。
    如果你能幫我一個大忙,點擊那個訂閱按鈕,
    我會不懈努力,讓這個節目變得越來越好,永不停息。
    我無法告訴你,當你點擊那個訂閱按鈕時有多大的幫助。
    節目會變得更大,這意味著我們可以擴大製作,
    邀請所有你想見的嘉賓,並繼續做我們所熱愛的事情。
    如果你能幫我這麼小的忙,點擊追蹤按鈕,
    無論你在哪裡收聽,這將對我意義重大。
    這是我唯一會請求你的好處。
    非常感謝你的時間。回到這一集。
    艾利克斯,如果有人剛點擊這段對話,
    而他們打算接下來幾個小時收聽,
    基於你為數以百萬計跟隨你的企業家和閱讀你書籍的人所做的一切,
    你能告訴我他們為什麼應該留下來收聽,還有誰應該留下來聽嗎?
    在acquisition.com,我們幫助企業增長。
    我所產生的內容,我們所發布的內容,像這樣的對話,
    幫助那些從零到一,剛起步的人,
    幫助那些從100萬到1000萬的人,
    幫助企業家從1000萬增長到1億,無論是到達那裡還是沿途退出。
    並且有一些框架涵蓋了這三者,我認為是非常深刻而廣泛的
    幫助任何企業導航面前的戰略決策,
    以獲得其時間的最高潛在回報。
    所以如果你在聽,或在觀看,如果這些框架中的一個
    立即適用於你的業務,並允許你在職業生涯中向前推進五年,
    我會說這是一個相當不錯的時間回報。
    對於那些在零的階段的人。
    是的。
    他們通常是來找你幫助什麼的?
    所以如果你是其中的一個,他們希望從艾利克斯那裡得到什麼?
    我認為他們想要的有他們認為想要的東西和他們實際需要的東西,而這是兩種不同的事情。
    所以我認為他們認為他們想要的是可以立即幫助他們創業的某種策略。
    而他們通常真正需要的是勇氣,願意承認自己錯誤
    並願意在他們所關心的人的面前感到羞愧。
    我認為如果我回想起過去,這可能是我需要克服的最難的事情之一。
    所以我覺得這就是為什麼我的信息可能讓很多人產生共鳴
    因為對我來說,這是非常難以克服的事情。
    有趣的是,實際上任何在聽的人,
    越是難以擺脫你自己創造的那種心理監獄,無論那是真的還是僅限於你的想法,
    你的故事在突破那一刻會更加引人注目。
    因為它會與更多的人產生共鳴。
    對於那些很容易成功的人,他們的故事並沒有很多的內容,
    像我立刻成為企業家,我並不是那樣的。
    我高中的時候有工作。
    我大學畢業后馬上找到了工作。
    有些人會說,我十三歲時在後車廂賣檸檬水。
    我沒有做那些事。
    學校辜負了我。
    實際上,我在學校表現得還不錯。
    我並沒有那些問題,你知道我的意思嗎?
    所以我有一條相當清晰的職業道路。
    因此,我擁有許多人認為的,像是,我有一個真正的機會成本。
    所以我有一份白領工作,GMAT考試分數高於哈佛的中位數。
    所以我對於未來20或30年我的生活的路徑有著非常清晰的想像。
    而且這是相當明確的。
    像是我會去哈佛或斯坦福,或其他頂尖的商學院。
    然後我會再回到管理顧問的工作,
    或進入投資銀行,最後最終進入私募股權行業。
    這就是我的路徑,對吧?
    然後所有的鮮花都會攤在我腳下。
    你知道,大家都會說,我們支持你。
    你是一個出色的人。
    但是當我看到那些比我大20歲的人時,
    我真的不想要他們的生活。
    然後這讓我開始反思自己的生活。
    我心中想,我甚至不知道自己是否真的想要這樣的生活。
    所以我做出的重大決定,遺憾的是,幾乎總是在明顯的死亡面前。
    我想,這在某些方面讓我變得怯懦,
    因為我需要面對死亡來做出決策。
    因此,將這一點具體化成為一件幫助我更快做出決策的事情,
    那些我知道應該做卻不做的決策。
    因此,第一個讓我感覺像死亡的重大決定是,
    我那時是個顧問,大約22歲。
    我有一個已付清的公寓,俯瞰整個城市。
    我記得當時心中想,我真的希望我明天不要醒來。
    而且,我這樣說並不是為了戲劇化。
    只是,有一段時間,我每晚都在希望。
    我心中想,我真的希望明天不要醒來。
    我只是不想這樣生活。
    而那時的困難在於,
    我的父親對我最驕傲,
    因為我在按照計劃行事。
    他可以談論他的兒子,三年從范德比特畢業,
    有一份好工作,所有事情都是按照計劃進行的。
    直到我意識到,活出他夢想的最終表現
    讓我感到我不想活下去。
    而且,這讓我花了一段時間才能表達出這一點,
    因為顯然你永遠不想承認失敗,
    像是我真的搞砸了一些事情。
    但是我過著的是贏得其他人遊戲的生活。
    當我意識到這一點時,我明白我們的夢想必須有一個消亡,
    要麼是他的,要麼是我的。
    當我意識到他的夢想必須死去,以便我的夢想能夠存活,
    這是我在生命的那個時刻凝結出來的一句話。
    我不斷重複這句話,像是他的夢想必須死去,以便我的夢想能夠存活。
    而且,就我對我父親評價的恐懼而言,
    我離開了州,橫穿全國一半的距離
    才打電話告訴他我已經離開了。
    我提到這一點,因為我不是要戲劇化,
    但我想說的是如果你感到很大壓力,我能理解。
    就像我試著離開我所在的工作,去追求任何與之不同的事物,
    我只是想在某個時候創業。
    我不知道我是怎麼做到的。
    我只知道我現在做的事情並不是我想走的路。
    而我周圍的每個人都希望我走那條路。
    所以我去試著說,嘿,我在考慮做些其他事情。
    你知道,對方總是會說等等,稍後會好起來的。
    我記得我打電話給我父親,告訴他時,他說,
    「我明白,為什麼不回家呢?」
    「回家吧。」
    但我沒有告訴他我已經走了。
    我說,我想去追求這種健身事業。
    他說,好的,來吃午飯吧。
    我們再談談這事。
    你知道,而我心裡想,我已經走了。
    然後,他的語氣明顯改變了。
    我們的關係在之後的幾年中經歷了很多掙扎。
    我提出這一點是因為有時候我們都會有這種幻想,
    像是你站在奧斯卡舞臺上,無論是什麼情境。
    然後你會說,嘿,我想感謝我的媽媽、爸爸,
    還有我的朋友們,因為總是支持我。
    而我不能這樣說。
    我希望我可以。
    你也可能無法這樣說。
    我也不認為這是個不去做的理由。
    因此,在此之後我們確實掙扎了幾年,
    因為我基本上是在做曾經的浪子回頭
    去健身房做一份最低工資的私人訓練師的工作。
    你知道,清潔地板和其他工作,僅僅是為了學習健身行業。
    但這最終讓我真正地解放了,從心理上和物理上。
    我想,我必須接受一個時間線,
    我的父親將不再與我交談。
    而且我必須能夠接受這一點,以追求我想要的東西。
    而當你問起最初的問題時,
    那些從零到一的人究竟在尋找什麼?
    我在那段時間閱讀了很多商業書籍。
    但我完全無法運用它們,因為我太害怕了。
    而且,瘋狂的是,現在回首過去,我發現
    那些看似巨大的怪物實際上是多麼的微不足道。
    萊拉有句我喜歡的話:“恐懼是一英里寬卻只有一寸深。”
    所以你一開始看起來像是一片海洋。
    然後你試著跨出第一步,你會發現你不會淹死。
    因為底下是有地面存在的,對吧?
    還有其他人正走在與我相似的路上。
    而你失去的朋友,你會獲得新的朋友,對吧?
    所以那種恐懼是我在創業生涯中需要克服的最困難的決策。
    在我所有的選擇路徑中,
    那是我如果有很多時間線或多個宇宙存在的話,
    最不可能偏離的一條路。
    所以我想,在90%的宇宙中,澳洲的亞歷克斯還是擔任顧問某處。
    如果你覺得你不會死,我會鼓勵你。
    你不會死,你可能會活下去。
    這是多麼有趣的事情,因為我覺得你所說的一切都是完全正確的。
    但你說得對,如果你問現在在場觀眾為什麼他們還沒開始,他們不會說是出於恐懼。他們會說:“我沒有 X。我沒有 Y。”但其實這真的是一件情感性的事情。我們不常談論這一點,因為不確定性是,人類似乎對不確定性感到過敏。他們寧可接受當前情況的痛苦,而不是不確定性。我認為,我故意使用了我認為非常不討喜的“懦夫”這個詞,因為沒有人願意說自己是害怕的。因為如果你說你害怕,那就意味著你是懦夫。而我認為這只有在你讓這種恐懼以反感的方式改變你的行為,即不是朝著你想要的方向時,才意味著你是懦夫。所以相反的說法是,很多人都聽過,勇氣不是在沒有恐懼的情況下行動,而是儘管有恐懼仍然行動。我認為,當你行動時,若容許恐懼以錯誤的方式改變你的行為,那就是你可以給自己貼上“懦夫”這個標籤的時候。我認為這是一個我一生中都懼怕的標籤,而這個標籤幾乎使我比失敗的標籤更害怕。我寧可是失敗者,也不願是懦夫。
    有沒有一個框架可以知道什麼時候該放棄呢?我認為這裡面有一些數學上的考量。我認為這個數學是相當直接的。那麼,你什麼時候該放棄你的生意呢?首先,你已經儲蓄了三到六個月的個人儲蓄。第二,你已經開始了某些事,因為在數位時代,你可以在副業上開創一個可以產生收入的生意。而且這些收入在你不工作的短時間內,能取代或至少匹配你當前工作的收入。如果你能做到這些,這是一種相當數學的方式來看待它。不過實際上,這基本上從來都不是人們不辭職的原因。這是一個非常明確的說法,我已經在我的兼職工作中匹配了當前的收入。如果我全職工作,可能會賺得更多,但它從來不是人們不這麼做的理由。我在想,為什麼有人會放棄某件事或感覺想要放棄的兩個理由。其中一個顯然是因為夠難,而這顯然不足以成為放棄的理由。另一個理由,你在那裡提到的,是它沒有推動我朝著有意義的目標前進,無論它有多難。比如馬拉松,你是在為你關心的慈善籌款。這是困難的,但你不會放棄。如果你跑馬拉松卻沒有明顯的理由,比如沒有慈善機構、沒有觀眾、也沒有健身的好處,那麼這是一個不錯的時候來考慮放棄。
    我的故事在某種程度上與你的相似,我之前沒有意識到。 我不知道你曾經經歷過與父母斷絕關係的類似情況。沒有真實很好的逃避選擇,但感覺到當前的道路會讓我成為一名商業管理學生,顯然比冒險要糟糕得多。但是,也許區別的一點是,我當時太天真,並不覺得這是一種風險。
    所以,這有趣的地方在於那個保證。通常我們不考慮我所稱的“不”,即替代路徑。如果我按照現有路徑發展,我有一個我不想要的結果的保證。這只不過是拖延而已。而在這裡,有一個可能性,我可以成功。所以,做出決定的最終框架之一是“保證壞的機會好的”。我想,那我不如冒險一次。我非常鼓勵思考具體情況的發展。因此,我的意思是,恐懼存在於模糊中,而不是具體中。所以當你說,“我打算辭職,那麼如果這不成功呢?”我就會產生很多恐懼。如果我說,“我打算辭職,然後嘗試創業。 如果這生意不成功,我可能會有一個引人注目的故事可以告訴商學院,如果我想的話,顯示出我有一些創業的傾向。”在此期間,我可以利用那段經歷,以及我的工作經驗,可能獲得另一份工作,甚至更好的工作。而且在此期間,我的收入能夠匹配或超過我當前的收入。實際損失可能是我已經積蓄的那筆錢。但是,如果我年輕或者賺的錢不如我想要的多,那也從來不會是對我想要賺的總體金額有任何實質影響的錢。就生活情況而言,我最糟糕的情況是回到父母的家,或者在朋友的沙發上過夜,因為我有足夠多的人願意在車庫裡安置我,如果我需要的話。所以我的實際最糟糕情況就是, 我有一個很酷的故事和一些自己造成的羞愧,因為這並不是沒有人真的關心的事情。但這是自我施加的羞恥,也許是我在未來事業中需要講述的另一段故事。那裡的恐懼不多,對吧?但另一方面,我會失敗,所有人都會恨我,我會死。第一種情況聽起來就像是你的心腦恐懼的產物,第二種則是純粹的前額皮層,它全是邏輯。
    我在想,當你進入那個決策時,顯然恐懼將主導一切。因此,當然你會選擇第一種選擇,只考慮到壞的一面。
    或許有一種練習可以讓你進入前額葉皮質,進入邏輯思考。我覺得你說得非常好,比我表達得好多了。但我認為,從模糊到具體的過程基本上讓你的杏仁核脫離了困境,因為它無法推理因果鏈及接下來在事件鏈中會發生的事情。因此,當你進入具體的內容時,突然間你會意識到,好的,我不會變得無家可歸、被羞辱或死亡。我可能會在較差的生活條件中生活一小段時間,順帶一提,當你在生活的晚期回頭看時,會把那段時光視為美好的舊時光,因為我無法相信我曾經在沙發上借宿。我是在追尋我的夢想。對吧。只有在當下才會感覺不好的事情,回頭看時才會覺得有趣。甚至,我覺得這非常搞笑。像是,你做了某件尷尬的事情,經過多長時間之後才會變得有趣呢?對吧。幾乎對我們所有人而言,隨著時間的推移,羞愧的經歷會變得有趣。所以如果這件事情最終會變得有趣,那麼現在就變得有趣也無妨。因此就像是拉近了時間的視野。但這一切都是前額葉皮質的決策過程。所以,我認為這完全正確,因為在我思考這個決定時,顯然我有一個非常情緒化的陳述,像是「他的夢想必須死去才能讓我的夢想活下來。」是的。還有基礎邏輯的風險在此,我會有一個故事,我總是可以找回我的工作。好吧。如果我無法找回那份工作,我會有其他的工作可以選擇。好的。如果我降級了,有些人認為我不如他們成功,好的,我不會因此停止事情。所以我認為這樣可以揭開很多恐懼的面紗。我覺得這不僅適用於創業者的恐懼,也適用於任何恐懼。像是,我要與這個人說這個壞消息,我不能告訴他。好吧,我們來演練一下。我說些話,他們會把我殺了。可能不會。那么會發生什麼呢?我說這些話,然後他們會翻桌子,可能會對我豎中指,或者也許他們只會感到受傷,甚至可能會哭,或者大聲喊叫。好的。如果他們對我大喊,我會怎麼做?你就這樣演練下去,然後你會發現,好的,我想我已經為大多數這些情況做好了準備。然後突然間你就能面對這些情況。你也提到,當面對必然的痛苦時,任何選擇都比沒有選擇要好。是的。而且這是真的。你只能活一次。對啊。所以,為什麼必然的痛苦會比任何可用的選擇要好呢?這就是延遲折現。最瘋狂的是,延遲折現是雙向發生的。你晚上設鬧鐘五點,並告訴自己,「我會五點起床。」但那是因為你正在延遲起床的痛苦。而當這種痛苦是即時的時,我就會說,「我明天就辭職,等待了20年。」所以我們總是把要痛苦的事推延到現在,以至於我們大幅低估了整個一生的痛苦會是什麼樣。阿門。在你考慮要追求什麼時,就像你離開了工作,辭去了工作,當你在思考要追求什麼時,有多少是來自自我覺察的決定?因為,你知道的,會有人現在看到你說,「哦,不,亞歷克斯這樣做了,所以我要開始 acquisition.com,知道嗎?或者他們會說,我想,我看過賈伯斯做了那件事,我要創辦蘋果,或者是伊隆,我要做太空船。你必須多了解自己,才能知道要追求什麼?兄弟,這是一個非常好的問題。我非常喜歡安德魯·威爾金森的一條推文,他說每位創業者的金句:「這是我彩票的中獎號碼。」所以每位創業者都會說,「這是贏得彩票的號碼。」但其實那場抽獎早已結束了。啊,明白了。對吧?因此你不能再兌換那張票,它已經完成了。所以人們會提到第一原則,沒有人真的知道那是什麼意思。我是說,有些人知道,但我認為遠比知道的更多的人只是隨便說說。因此,基本上存在著商業的基礎真理,而環境的條件會改變。因此你必須將這些真理應用於當前的條件上。所以這正是我在書籍和我所發布的內容中努力推導出的東西。但是在一天結束時,你有一個時間的投入,像是拉遠視角。如果假設你的目標是賺錢。好的。這是一個純粹的經濟商業目標。那麼你有時間,這是你交易的主要貨幣,而你會在一段時間內賺取美元。因此我往往拒絕「永不交易時間換取美元」或類似的觀點,因為每個人都在交易時間換取美元。只不過我們中的一些人效率更高而已。但即使發生的交易不是用時間來計算,仍然是隨著時間進行的。因此你擁有這個基礎的時間單位,你會投入時間。我們尋求的是在這段時間內獲得最高的回報。因此在商業背景中,必須發生的事情大致上有三個層次。你必須吸引注意力,你必須轉換注意力,然後你必須為那個注意力提供某種東西。在每一個方面,你都希望能獲得最大的槓桿效應。也就是說,你希望以最少的時間獲得最多的產出。所以我建立了收購。
    這段文字的繁體中文翻譯如下:
    基本上圍繞著兩個主要論點,這在標誌中體現——這是一個用來杠杆的支點。對於那些看不見的人來說,就像一個三角形一樣。對吧?所以它就像一個三角形或是光明會的標誌,因為這總是會被提起,所以我們有了杠杆的支點。在裡面,你有供需。我將這兩者視為商業的兩個基礎原則。因此,你需要供需來建立一個業務,然後再利用這些來獲取盡可能多的收益。因此,當你看待自己擁有的資產時,資產也可以是技能、資源,或是你可用的東西。如果你什麼都沒有,那麼你擁有的就是你的大腦、你的雙手,以及你可以用來學習新事物的時間,這就是為什麼我是一個技能獲得的忠實支持者,作為你可以做的主要事情之一,就是自我教育。並不是正式教育,而是非正式或替代性的教育自己,學習一些超實用的東西。一旦你克服了恐懼,你便會開始問自己,如何讓人們知道我的東西?以及我該讓他們知道什麼?對吧?因此,你必須有可以出售的東西,也就是供應。在理想情況下,你希望這個供應能夠有最大的杠杆效益。例如,如果你出售軟體或媒體,這些東西可以一次製作,卻能賣出上千次。如果你有一個轉換機制,就像你不能讓它自動化,比如結帳頁面或某種視頻銷售信,讓人們不需要電話銷售員就能購買的東西。如果你加一個電話銷售員,杠杆就會減少。這不是說這樣是錯的,但你想要擁有最高的杠杆機會。然後從可交付性的角度來看,我先談到了可交付性,但從廣告的角度來看,如果你一對一地接觸人們,這種杠杆程度低於能夠製作一個能讓百萬人看到的內容。對吧?因此,隨著時間的推移,你的杠杆從低到高,而你擁有相同的投入,但得到的產出大幅增加。這從根本上就像,如果我們從第一原則推理,如何用另一種方式表達?我認為某人真正想問的問題是,我如何在投入中獲得最多回報?你必須在你的技能、資源和資產的當前情境中進行推理,以便得出解決方案。如果一個人走到你面前,對你說:「亞歷克斯,我應該追求什麼想法?我剛辭了工作。」對吧?所以我會說,商業點子通常來自三個P中的一個。這是來自於你當前所經歷的痛苦、過去的職業。所以你剛辭掉的東西,或者你剛辭的幾份工作,或者是你的熱情。因此,它是你本質上感興趣的事情,無論如何你都會花時間去做的一件事情。一些你在工作時學到的技能,而這也是賺錢最有證據的方法之一,因為經濟已經向你展示人們願意為那份特定的工作付出金錢。因此,在工作兼職經濟和自由職業者的世界中,每一個商業都可以被拆解為所做的工作,而所有這些工作都可以被分配。當我們看任何一個商業時,你會看到銷售、行銷、客戶成功、顧客服務,如果你想要區分的話,還有產品、設計和網頁。商業的組成部分非常多樣,你只需要學習其中一個。然後,就像,突然間,你擁有了一種可以用於換取金錢的技能,而你沒有其他人必須向他報告。通常來說,痛苦我認為在某種程度上是最大的驅動力,就像你有食物過敏,而你找不到能滿足你特定飲食過敏的煎餅。而你打賭有不少其他人也有那樣的過敏,且也喜歡煎餅。因此你做出了美味的煎餅,這些煎餅同時適合有那種食物過敏的人,然後突然之間,你就有了一個基於痛苦的商業。而這為什麼重要呢,痛苦的那部分?它在未來五年對你提供了什麼杠杆和優勢?我認為對於創造卓越產品來說,對潛在客戶的深刻理解至關重要,或者說非常重要。你可以通過做大量研究,或是成為潛在客戶來達成。有某種程度的切身體會你會注意到。如果有人想要做一個用於呼吸的鼻子產品,自從我八年級以來,我就嘗試過每一個產品。所以這已經超過20年,很多年了,從那以後我嘗試過一切。所以我知道市場上每個產品的利與弊。這並不是說,哦,我只嘗試了一天。就像,我會一次嘗試一個月。因此,我對這個問題的時間暴露是如此之多,我對解決方案的問題有很多細微的了解。不過,我能更好地制定出改善它的假說。這個假說對於投資者來說會更具吸引力,因為你是以故事為主導,而不是邏輯。我認識一位投資於美國最大的連鎖電影院——雷吉爾影院的人。那時有一個人剛贏得了影院的經營權。顯然,COVID影響了這個業務。但在過去的20年中,他們做得如魚得水。他說,說「電影院會重回巔峰」這樣的話是多麼奇怪,因為在他投資的那段時間,電影院的生意其實一直在下滑。
    他說,之所以決定投資這個項目,是因為這位先生對這個行業了解得非常透徹,甚至知道一顆爆米花的成本。他對這個行業的熟悉程度就像對自己手背的認識一樣,讓他覺得這個人不會失敗。這個人對這個行業的了解太深了,以至於讓他相信這個項目一定會成功。因此他投資了,打算賺取巨額的收益。
    我認為,這種深入的理解,如果你看看這些與激情相關的事情,你會獲得更深層的理解,因為你花了所有的自由時間來追求這份激情。你對問題的痛苦有著深刻的理解,因為你經歷了多年。
    至於專業的投資,我覺得這有點像捷徑,因為如果你是因為不喜歡工作而辭職,然後你說,我現在要為自己做這個,那你還好。我是說,從經濟角度來看,這種做法是有證據支持它能夠奏效的。你能夠從中賺到錢,因為你已經試著賺過錢了。
    這另外兩種方式則較少得到證明,但有時卻具有顯著的上行潛力。當你談到鼻子呼吸的例子時,這很有趣,因為如果你坐下來告訴我,Steve,我做了這些呼吸鼻貼,它們更好,更耐用20%,擴大你的鼻孔20%。那樣的說明就相比你剛剛講的童年故事,面對呼吸問題,試圖為自己解決這個問題,不過是弱一些。
    這很有趣,因為你所講的故事與理智、邏輯的方式或以益處為主的方式形成了鮮明的對比,而這正是你今後五年在TikTok和Instagram上的營銷活動。這是一個我有問題,我解決了它的故事。我嘗試了一切,為自己解決了這個問題。幾乎沒有比這更引人注目和可信的了。
    我們看到的就是這樣,Dragon的演講中將有人坐在那裡傾聽這些故事,然後有人會走進來說,”我有ADHD。我試過各種能量產品,結果讓我崩潰,所以我出去為自己解決了這個問題。” 我們也會坐不住,因為到那個時候幾乎無法對抗這樣的故事。
    是的,貝佐斯有一個很好的框架,他談到了傳教士和雇傭兵的區別。這有點像你有一個人說,好的,我看到了市場趨勢,這是一個增長類別。我向人們進行了調查,這是回饋的結果。然後我相信如果我們在這個市場的正確時機推出這個產品,我們將實現大規模採用,等等。這就像在憑藉經驗進行。
    公平地說,有些人會讓它奏效,但傳教士們,就是那些因為真正體驗到問題而最終賺到最多錢的人。他們因為生意必須有某種經濟引擎存在,不過更重要的是他們切身體驗到這個問題,不希望其他人再面對這個問題。
    所以如果我要講這個故事,如同你所說的,”在我八年級的時候,那是我第一次真正注意到我晚上無法呼吸。”所以我學會了這樣用手撐著臉入睡,讓我的鼻孔保持通暢。因為其實沒有其他辦法,因為你無法如同這樣保持醒著,對吧?
    所以,我如果這樣入睡,手保持這樣就能讓我的鼻孔打開。我可以這樣入睡而手不會移動。這就是我在創立簡單的鼻貼等產品之前,學會的入睡方法。我不會深入探討那些現在存在的解決方案中的許多問題,但也許有一天我會做一款鼻用產品。
    我想,我是說,你或許可以試著提高。是的,我可以告訴你,如果你把目前所有的產品擺在我面前,我可以告訴你它們的問題所在。因為我試過了,幾乎所有的產品。我不是說,我真的很著迷。因此,我已經試過所有的品牌。
    你聽到了這裡的機會。我試過來自歐洲的產品,也試過其他產品,不僅僅是美國的。我嘗試過在亞馬遜上存在的所有產品。我試過所有來自外國的產品。每一位發送我來自新鼻用公司的產品的粉絲或追隨者,我都會試用這個產品。我仍然在這樣做。而至今為止,還沒有一個產品真正解決了這個問題。
    我是說,你應該。我認為在某些方面,這實際上是一個非常好的元概念,就是如果你希望讓人信服,演示或模型總是比其他任何東西更具說服力。因此,即使我在講述整個故事,對於其他人來說這都是一種旅程。如果你想為一個商業計劃進行有說服力的推銷,我們幾乎剛剛經歷了一個。
    這就是重點所在。當你在想,我該如何經營我的業務時,建立你為何做這件事的故事。如果你能向別人解釋為何他們應該關心這個問題,或者更具體地說,為何你關心這個問題,我告訴你,更多的投資者會喜歡。我可能會說,我不在乎廚房用具,但這位女孩顯然是這樣。而我相信還有其他女性也是如此。而每個人想要看到的就是那種痴迷的熱情。
    不幸的是,在某些地方,我知道在英國比在美國更加明顯,這種完全投入、對事物產生狂熱的觀點幾乎被扭曲了或受到譴責。
    我,以及那些對改變世界的人成癮的人,至少都改變了他們自己的世界。還有,我的一位非常好的朋友負責一個海外國家的奧運團隊的營養和補充劑的所有事務。他說,你知道冠軍和其他人之間的區別嗎?我問,什麼?他說,大家總是看著他們,心裡想,冠軍擁有我所沒有的東西?他說,其實他們這樣想是錯的。他說,應該是,冠軍缺少了我擁有的東西,是他們缺少了什麼?而他們缺少的是一個關閉按鈕。他們就是不會停止。因為在追求金牌的過程中,他說,他們從來沒有停下來過。他們無法停止。他們生活中的每個方面都圍繞著一個目標。因此,找到那件事情,他們也以這種方式對待生活中的一切。我認為,對於你每天接觸到的一切事物的那種強烈痴迷的程度是達到你想要的目標所必要的。
    這是多麼有趣。因為當我們談到這個故事為什麼如此引人入勝時,回到了杏仁核,回到了情感。對。這很有趣,因為我們剛才說過,當一個人考慮辭職時,他們幾乎是完全沉浸在自己的杏仁核中,人類基本上是依靠杏仁核運作的。所以在我們考慮做推廣時,我們應該真的瞄準大腦的同一部分,正是你向我展示你小時候把手伸過臉時所做的那樣。我立刻為你感到難過,感到同情。我立刻相信,如果有人能解決這個問題,那必定是這個經歷過那種痛苦的家伙。我曾經做過兩次手術,兩次都不太成功。我的故事也不錯。我女朋友的情況一樣。什麼?哦,真的嗎?是的。做了兩次手術,現在快要第三次了。我們試過所有的鼻滴。我看到你戴的那個,我給她買的。是的。因此,現在有很多人在觀看,而這些該死的鼻子遇到了問題。是的。人們應該不會喜歡–是的。我們正在做一些事情。我覺得我可能已經讓一些鼻孔的東西變得受人注目了。是的,確實,讓它變得有趣。疼痛、職業、熱情。是的。理想情況下,你應該擁有三者。如果你擁有三者,我的天啊,你就成功了。如果你–如果基本上疼痛創造了一種痴迷,而因為某種原因你也在工作中做這種事情,我覺得你成功的可能性幾乎是零。你只需要這三者中的一個。你只需選擇一個。如果你有一種痛苦想要克服的,或者有一種你本身就感興趣的熱情。因為有時候,熱情根本不算什麼。你可能只是對模型車非常感興趣。這沒關係。好吧,有很多圍繞模型車可以建立的業務。你可以創造——你可以製造模型車。你可以提供圍繞模型車的服務,使它們更快,因為有些人比賽模型車。你可以成為收藏家,開始翻轉模型車。就像你可以圍繞如何製作它們製作媒體,然後圍繞它成立一家媒體公司。就像,任何痴迷或興趣的不同組件你都可以創造。我在《Mosey Tank》即將推出的未來一集中談論了一個人,他熱愛龍與地下城。他是一名IT人員,對龍與地下城非常熱愛。他說,“我只希望這可以賺到足夠的錢,讓我不必再做IT工作。”但這是如此純粹,你知道我的意思嗎?所以我說:“我們會幫助你做到這一點。”於是我們一起談論了他的商業計劃。但他的目標不是成為億萬富翁,我也不認為那是他的目標。因此,我認為明確知道你想要什麼是很重要的。所以如果你說,“我想成為世界上最富有的人。”我覺得這是一個糟糕的目標。但如果你真的想要,那很好。嗯,你必須有一個數兆美元的想法。因為到那時,已經有數兆美元的公司了。所以你必須考慮像十兆美元的機會。而且,信不信由你,基本上目標越大,達到那裡的路徑範圍就越窄。如果你說,“我想賺一千萬美元。”我會說,“你幾乎可以在任何行業做到。”你想賺一億美元?也許幾乎任何行業都可以做到。在足夠長的時間範圍內,你可以做到。賺取一兆或十兆,將會是某種技術。它可能會有某種人工智慧。因此,你顯然越大的目標到達那裡的路徑規模就越窄。但絕大多數人會說,“我想成為世界上最富有的人。”這只是因為他們不知道如何真正思考這個問題。並且會說,“好吧,在一百之後,真的是沒有什麼是不可能的。”除了購買更多的大東西。但就實際消費而言,也許甚至是二十。就像,你只能在餐廳花那麼多錢。你只能住在最好的酒店。你只能開最好的車。你可以用大約2500萬做到這一點。那你認為作弊代碼是什麼?所以我有了我的想法。你認為2025年在注意力遊戲中獲勝的作弊代碼是什麼?因為這裡必然有一些新的規則。因為我們有人工智慧,我們有新平台,我們有新媒體。你知道,我要給你一個假設的商業想法。我將成為一名個人教練。我之所以選擇這個,是因為每個人都可以做到,而且這是一個飽和的行業。
    如果我在2025年是一名個人教練,那我該如何思考吸引注意力的方式呢?嗯哼。首先,我會告訴你我不會做的事,那就是我不會試圖在科學上超越那些科學家。因為除非你有博士學位,否則總會有一位已經壯碩的博士在製作內容。他的知識和體格都比你更強,所以你不會在這方面贏過他。因此,我認為在注意力的遊戲中,尋找獨特之處是關鍵。也就是說,當每個人都在喧鬧時,你要如何「脫穎而出」呢?聽起來可能有點老生常談,但從生物學角度來看,你的指紋是獨一無二的,而你的生活和經歷也是如此。因此,專注於你自己所擁有的,會讓你獲得超出正常努力水平的真實優勢。
    每個人獨特的特質就是使他們的內容獨特的因素。因此,試圖說「哦,我想做像亞歷克斯那樣的內容」可能不是最佳的做法,因為你無法在做自己這件事上擊敗我,但你可以擊敗我在做你這件事上。因此,這基本上是你媒體的風格。對我來說,我的品牌是什麼?它包含一些哲學元素。那麼,我需要這些元素嗎?不需要,但這就是我。我當然談論很多關於商業、行銷和銷售、推廣、轉換的話題,這些都是我花了很多時間思考的內容。健身是我生活中的一部分,因此在我的內容中有一些健身的元素。此外,我來自健身背景,之前也擁有健身相關的公司,所以這也很合理,我有我的妻子萊拉,所以這些元素都融入其中。這就是我生活的基本構成,這也是我的內容所傳遞的內涵。我消費了大量的喜劇,因此有時候你會看到一些透出的乾幽默和黑色幽默,但這就是我。
    現在,你擁有所有這些個人特質的小桶,不僅這些桶是獨特的,而且這些桶的比例也各不相同。也許你的哲學部分更大,或者健身部分更大。但我認為,使真正獨特的個人教練品牌脫穎而出的,是專注於讓人們因為你的本真而對你感興趣。之後再說,順便提一下,如果你想從我這裡購買健身相關的產品,我這裡也有。關鍵在於,大多數產品和服務都是商品化的。實話說,你可能不會比其他教練好很多,你可能根本就不是。但你會與他們不同。我們希望依賴於「我想從某個人那裡買健身產品」,因此我不妨從她那裡買,或者我不妨從他那裡買。因此,你基本上是在吸引那個會從任何地方購買的受眾,但你的品牌的附加值會讓他們想從你那裡購買。我們可以想想Prime的飲料公司,像是一種在市場上已經存在的其他飲品,它們能滿足與Prime相同的需求。但如果你對那個品牌無所謂,而你對那個創造者有品牌忠誠度,那麼你就會想,如果我有兩個東西基本上是相等的,而我更喜歡這個家伙,那麼只要價格相近,我就會用錢來表達我的選擇。
    因此,我認為如果你在2025年是一名個人教練,這將是長期的,將是建立內容的過程。短期內,則是向你認識的人進行接觸,並提出一個有吸引力的提議,讓人們嘗試與你合作。你提到的關於做自己這一點真的很重要,當我思考這件事時,我想,我的所有喜愛創作者和那些成功創作者都有哪些共同點?他們都有,我有意使用這些詞,勇氣去做自己。因為我告訴你,當我作為一名內容創作者剛起步時,回顧過去,我前幾天還給我的一位團隊成員看我以前的發文,內容如同「一切皆有其理由」,真的是讓人尷尬、陳詞濫調的空話。我花了幾年時間才逐漸放鬆,意識到這裡的遊戲是,最終能夠在互聯網上做自己。實際上這是最具價值的,因為正是你所說的我的獨特性。做自己所需的勇氣,這是一個在2025年取勝的策略。我認為這種態度至關重要。事實是,你內心的每一個部分都會想要避免這一點。我不太確定為什麼。但我前幾天與萊拉進行了一次對話,我想是兩三天前,我因為一些舊帖子受到了一些批評。她看著我說,永遠不要稀釋自己。因為我在想,也許我不應該談論這些事情,或許我該「縮回去」。但她說,永遠不要稀釋自己。因為需要這個訊息的人要比反對這個訊息的人多得多。她說,如果你真想對許多人的生活產生影響,就會有一支與之對抗的力量存在。她說,這是一種伴隨你所想要影響的目標而來的情況。這讓我感覺很好,這是一種跟丈夫討論人生的交流。因此對我來說,我想只要她覺得我很酷,我就會繼續做下去。但也是因為稀釋下的版本,突然間就變成了每個人的東西。你剛才說過,你不確定為什麼會這樣,但根據唯一性的定義,這意味著並不存在一個藍圖。是的。
    沒有任何一個人能在你之前,證明這一切是有效的。
    所以做自己所需的勇氣,
    只有一個斯蒂芬·巴特利(Stephen Bartlett)。
    所以如果我是真正的自己,這在此之前就從未發生過。
    這意味著風險是未知的。
    收益也是未知的。
    是的。
    但再次回到我們對不確定性的厭惡,
    與其冒著做自己的風險,去複製你對我來說更有意義,
    因為我能看到那裡有藍圖。
    而你是那種,我必須說,
    願意冒著做自己風險的人。
    而實際上,作為一個觀察者,
    我現在知道你是誰了。
    我也知道你不是誰。
    這對我這樣跟隨你工作的觀眾來說是很重要的。
    是的。
    因為我看到了連貫性,
    因為我已經確立了亞歷克斯·薩莫齊(Alex Samozi)的價值觀。
    是的。
    任何偏離這一點的東西實際上都是更少價值的,
    因為正如你所說,它更像是其他人
    而不是我之前所擁有的事情。
    但是如果不這樣,這樣就不再感覺真實了。
    是的。
    這是我作為創作者必須回歸的,我的觀眾知道我現在是誰。
    無論好壞。
    是的。
    他們不想學習任何新東西。
    你知道,這在灰色地帶的導航中真的很有趣。
    所以有矛盾的理想。
    這是我在擔心這類事情時回想的,
    就是你有仁慈和正義。
    它們在某種程度上是對立的,都是理想。
    那麼,如何能在同時相信正義和仁慈呢?
    然後,我的意思是,還有另一個,
    你可以有多樣性和一致性。
    像這樣的例子有很多,對吧?
    所以我們有這些完全對立的理想,
    這意味著如果你某天說,對了,
    我更偏向於正義的人。
    我理解他們遭遇了困難,
    但在某個時候你得承擔自己的個人責任。
    所以說,不,你不會逃過超速罰單。
    這是合理的,另一方面,
    就是說,嘿,單身母親因為開車太快被攔住了。
    你知道嗎,今天也許我們可以放她一馬。
    這兩個故事都公平。
    但你會被另一邊的理想攻擊,
    它是所有人都想要追求的。
    而這會感覺糟糕,因為他們是對的。
    那又怎樣?
    所以我認為,理解這種衝突
    將總是存在於兩個看似對立的理想之間,
    而這基本上就是政治的本質。
    就是有兩個看似對立的理想,淹沒了我們所有人,
    我敢說99%的人會說正義是好的,仁慈是好的,
    多樣性是好的,一致性是好的,對吧?
    尊重價值是好的,創新和做新事物也是好的。
    我們如何同時擁有這些矛盾的觀念,
    並在此過程中無衝突地導航?
    你不能,因為問題在於多少。
    所以我認為,作為創作者的你的指紋在於,
    當有人提出一個場景並問:
    “亞歷克斯在這種情況下選擇仁慈還是正義?”
    你的觀眾會正確地理解。
    所以我想到品牌化本質上是一種馬賽克,
    你可以創造。
    所以每一個內容片段就像是一塊小瓷磚,
    上面有一種顏色。
    如果你只看到一個短內容的斯蒂芬·巴特利,
    你並不真正知道斯蒂芬·巴特利是誰。
    但如果你看到千篇內容,
    突然間你拉遠鏡頭,就能看到整個畫面。
    而我認為這些馬賽克中的顏色
    以及黃色、紅色、綠色的比例及位置
    最終創造了這個品牌。
    因為人們想試著把這一切變成,
    “好吧,我發一個關於家庭的帖子。
    “我發一個關於財務的帖子。
    “我發一個關於任何事情的帖子,”對吧?
    這就像,我不認為這樣行得通。
    我認為你只需要做你自己,然後這些比例
    自然會隨時間的推移而變化。
    所以,你品牌的變化也有其道理。
    這也是我必須調和的另一件事,
    就是,“等等,我不知道我是否同意
    “我十年前說過的某些事情。”
    因為問題是在數字世界。
    我的第一個播客是在2017年,2017年7月。
    – 哇。
    – 第八集叫做“停止品牌化”。
    我改變了對品牌的看法。
    但那個第一次播客是我失去一切後的90天內。
    所以整個赫莫西(Hermosi)之旅,
    如果你想把它稱作從零到十億,
    其實是從零開始的90天內的記錄。
    一切都在那裡。
    但你可以看到我的商業觀念是如何變化的,
    以及在我生命的各個時期,我在思考什麼。
    所以我必須接受這樣的想法,
    我會改變主意,因為我會獲得新的信息。
    因為讓我們採取另一個立場。
    如果我獲得新的信息,我是只是繼續重複
    你之前做的事情嗎?
    這也是政治的一個問題。
    但我就說了,他是搖擺不定的。
    這可好,就像他們不被允許學習一樣?
    – 是的。
    – 你在政治中待了20年,難道你什麼都沒有學到嗎?
    難道沒有立場變化?
    我覺得我們應該能做到。
    而顯然品牌並不是這樣運作的。
    所以這必須是隨著時間的推移逐漸進行的,
    我認為如果你在任何時候都是你自己,
    那麼它將會隨著時間的推移而逐漸變化。
    – 是的。
    我不知道。
    我覺得我們經常過於關注不合理的人,這是一場永遠無法獲勝的戰爭。
    – 是的。
    – 因為你對我這樣說,我認為,我有一個家,
    他是我播客的治療師,
    然後我在播客後與他交談。
    他基本上為我分析了這一點。
    他說,有20%的人會絕對喜歡你所做的一切。
    – 是的。
    – 就像你可以說任何話,
    你會改變我的,他們真是,僅僅是超級粉絲。
    – 是啊。
    – 有80%的人其實是這樣的,
    他說有60%的人實際上是相當理性的人。
    – 是啊。
    – 他們不說話。
    – 是啊。
    – 他們只是觀望,他們是理性的。
    – 靜默的大多數。
    無論你做什麼,他們都會存在。
    這就像,不要把你的生活都花在20%的事情上。
    安靜的大多數,60%,他們不推特。
    他們就只是輕鬆地看著。然後那20%,你知道的,他們是宣揚者。
    但是,你知道,我發現自己陷入了…
    – 所以關於20%的有趣之處在於,
    我今天在想這件事。
    不論你是誰,你都會被不喜歡,結束。
    因為沒有人會被所有人喜歡。
    所以我們只需要去聆聽,如果我們可以接受這個前提,對吧?
    沒有人會被所有人喜歡。
    你不如因為做自己而被不喜歡,
    也不如因為不是自己而被喜歡。
    – 阿門。
    – 對吧?
    – 阿門。
    – 在最基本的層面上。
    被不喜歡是一個固定的成本。
    – 是啊。
    – 對吧?
    – 是啊。
    – 我認為,持相反的觀點,
    我認為被不喜歡因為做自己要遠比因為不是自己而被喜歡來得好得多。
    – 是啊。
    而我在我的播客中採訪的一位偉大企業家告訴我,當談到市場營銷
    和品牌以及我們正在進行的這種關注時,她告訴我,為了
    觸及你的80%,你必須讓你的20%生氣,
    或者至少要願意讓你的20%生氣。
    – 是啊。
    – 她是Jane Warung,Demologica的創始人,
    全球美容品牌。
    – 哦,有趣。
    – 我想有幾十萬人。
    她坐下來說,為了達到你的80%,
    你必須願意讓人不爽。
    不,實際上,幹。
    她說為了達到你的20%,
    你必須願意讓80%的人生氣。
    – 嗯。
    – 從品牌的角度來看,這是非常有道理的,因為當你明確地
    站出來支持某事,像你現在所做的,
    你不自覺地就是在反對其他事物。
    – 你不得不這樣做。
    如果你劃了一條線,兩邊都有一個立場,
    你必須說,比如,我在這一邊。
    – 你看到那個Nike廣告了嗎?
    – 哥們,我剛想說這個。
    我就是要說這個。
    是的,威廉·達福的廣告。
    – 是啊。
    – 就是“你的就是我的,我的還是我的”。
    – 是啊。
    – 是的,就像,這實際上是我很久以來
    第一次看到Nike的東西,我覺得,這就是創新。
    而我覺得他們曾經迷失了方向。
    – 是啊。
    – 有著那些覺醒主義和所有的東西。
    我覺得像,Nike的意思是勝利,
    而這意味著總是得有人輸。
    – 是啊。
    – 他們願意首次直言不諱。
    – 對。
    – 我在我的LinkedIn上發佈了,結果是50/50。
    – 是啊。
    – 我會說實際上有80%的人
    要麼中立,要麼生氣。
    – 真的嗎?
    – 是啊,而20%的人則是,那就是我。
    我是一個Nike的人。
    而對我來說,當我看到那個時候,
    我想我想買一些Nike的短褲。
    – 是啊,我是說,這是我第一次實際上
    感覺到我對這個品牌產生了品牌親和力。
    – 在這個建立和啟動的遊戲中,
    人有多重要?
    – 非常重要。
    – 招聘問題。
    – 是的,是的。
    – 我告訴你為什麼我問這個問題,
    因為當我看看我的投資組合,
    早期階段的創始人似乎從來不明白
    招聘和人力的重要性。
    – 是啊。
    – 我拼命撞牆想要說服他們,
    其實他們正在玩的遊戲在於字面上的公司,人群。
    – 是啊。
    所以我將從一件事情開始,
    然後我會進入這個問題。
    我曾經跟我的一位導師交談,他說,當我在20歲的時候,
    所有的重點都在目的地。
    他說,當我到了30歲,我意識到一切都在於旅程。
    他說,當我到了40歲,我意識到一切都在於公司。
    我想,我等不及你到50歲了。
    這就像下一個轉變,對吧?
    但我認為這樣的轉變對於他如何看待商業成功是如此深刻,
    因為他是說,我不需要成為一副億萬富翁的名單。
    我就對我所處的地方感到滿意。
    而現在我只想和我喜歡的人一起做事情。
    所以關於人整體的問題,我相信,
    一家公司的潛力與其內部所有人的
    整體智力水平直接相關。
    所以如果你是公司中最聰明的人,
    那麼,並且你能比公司中所有人的工作做得更好,
    那就意味著公司的極限純粹取決於一個人的智力因素
    和一個人的生活經歷。
    而那將是上限。
    基本上,無論你有多聰明,你都無法活100個人生。
    你可以學習得很快。
    當然,有些人的學習速度比其他人快,但你不會能活千百個人生。
    隨著業務的增長,需要更多的專業知識。
    我認為這個最容易的試金石是,如果你看看
    世界上最富有的人,幾乎沒有一個是100%擁有自己公司的人。
    所以第一,他們中大多數人甚至不擁有50%。
    就像他們中的大多數都是小比例。
    詹森在NVIDIA擁有4%。
    貝索斯在亞馬遜擁有7%或9%。
    我想艾隆在特斯拉有20%,都是小比例。
    因為要把戰車拉到月球,需用大量的力量,對吧?
    所以基本上,當你投入更多的智力資源,
    事業的潛力巔峰會大幅提高,很快就會得到提升。
    Keith Rebois,他是最早的PayPal mafia的成員之一,
    有一個很好的類比。
    他把這方面的情況比作桶和彈藥。
    他說,當你獲得一些產品市場契合後,
    業務開始增長,你會說,好的,
    我們需要開始更快地發貨。
    這在服務業、實體產品業和軟體業中同樣適用,概念是一樣的。因此,接下來發生的事情是你會雇用很多人,並假設你的產出會按比例增加。所以我們有10個人,雇用50個人,產出就應該增加5倍。但你會很快意識到這並非如此。結果是,有些人是組織的限制因子,這些人就像樽桶。因此,可以想像像南北戰爭時期的炮筒,你知道的,舊的火炮,旁邊有這些炮彈。他說大多數人都是彈藥。因此你帶來了更多的彈藥,但你仍然會受到一個樽桶能發射的子彈數量限制。因此,你需要找到更多的樽桶。你必須從一個樽桶變成兩個樽桶,從兩個樽桶變成三個樽桶,這就成為了組織的產能或產出增加。而這樣的人非常少。在另一個方面,我記不起來那個法則,但有個組織法則,大約是公司的員工數的平方根只產生50%的工作成果。所以如果你的組織有100個人,10個人就負責50%的價值創造。 – 確實是這樣。 – 對。任何曾經在這裡的人,真的,你就像傳教一樣。
    所以問題是,我認為創業的真正遊戲是你的標準隨著時間上升。這是令人遺憾的,因為我們聽到別的創業者告訴我們的事情;這一切都關乎人員的管理,愚蠢。然後你心想,當然,但看看我的,然後就像,你沒有聽到這樣的話。我不知道有些事,我想威廉森談過這個;出於某種原因,有些教訓就像我們必須自己學習一樣。我仍然相信這是,我們可以在較低的層面上使之操作化,這樣我們不必自己去學習。但我深信,我還沒有完全弄明白。因此每位創業者都能和這個產生共鳴,因為在我創辦的每一業務中,我在之前業務上達成的成功速度都快得多。我把這比擬成一款視頻遊戲,像是你打過第一關,然後,知道,你進入第二關,然後你花了幾個月在打這個Boss,然後終於找到擊敗Boss的方法。太好了。然後你再花三個月打敗第三個Boss。假設你重新開始了這款遊戲,擁有一個新角色。就像你瞬間穿越第一、二、三關。然後你到達第四關。你心想,現在我得花時間。就像是處女地。我還不知道怎麼打敗這個。
    所以我認為這就發生在對技能和才能的原型尋找之中,以及在組織內部的技能和才能。因此再說一遍。如果你在組織內擁有不同的職能,會有驅動該職能結果的人。舉例來說,第一次雇用銷售人員,你並不知道自己在尋找什麼。所以你只是雇用一個聲稱能賣東西的人。也許他們能,也許不能。然後你循環過來,試著培訓他們。這運作得好,不好,隨意。而且最後假如你循環了三個銷售員,然後你終於找到了個人才。然後你有了這種模式識別。你心想,好吧,那就是我要找的。然後你突然嘗試與那個人或那個原型盡可能接近。因此當你開始第二家公司時,你會說,哦,我可以快速招聘銷售,因為我知道我在尋找什麼。但隨之而來的卻是,我從未真正找對銷售經理。因此你循環過來,開始,然後你得努力打敗這位Boss,然後你最後必須炒掉這位Boss,因為你明白,哦,天啊,這行不通。然後六個月過去了,因為你必須找他們或快速招聘,然後訓練他們,然後發現他們糟透了,然後再重新開始。也許要花18個月才能找到合適的銷售經理。然後你心想,好吧,我知道那像什麼,但我仍然沒有市場營銷總監。那樣的樣子是什麼。因此,基本上是在發展識別模式的能力,涵蓋了業務的所有職能,這樣你就知道什麼是卓越的。
    然後隨著時間推移,當業務增長,你吸引人才的能力也會增加。然後你的標準也會提高。接著你會發現這其中還有更多細微差別,這就是在1到1000萬美元的銷售部門和在1000萬到1億美元這之間的人看起來有所不同。並且這一直升高。因此,基本上是在建立一個識別模式的能力。如果你現在與更有經驗的創業者交談,他們不會談論建立企業,而是像在組裝它們。你只是組裝這些部分,你只是知道這一切是如何流動在一起的。這與我在內容中試圖解碼的根本上是相同的。因此就像,這裡是一個識別這樣事物的模式。這裡是一個識別這樣事物的模式,這樣你便可以更快地穿過這些層次,抵達你想去的地方。
    回到最初的問題,組織中的人到底有多重要?人就是組織。因此,如果你想建立企業價值,那就是建立組織的集體意識、技能和他們如何為了一個具體結果而協作的能力。所以知道如何將其配置好,這就是工作。我認為首次創業的創始人感覺他們必須自己學會這個教訓的原因是,因為你剛才所說的一切都是一種未知中的未知。
    他們甚至不知道自己不知道什麼。
    所以他們迷惘。
    他們因為是高中時的朋友而雇了那個銷售人員,
    然後他們經歷了很多痛苦。
    我之所以這麼說是因為我對這個話題充滿了難以置信的熱情。
    我也經歷過相同的煩惱。
    我雇了我在普拉達工作的朋友來做我們的業務經理。
    我雇了一個人。
    我一個說唱比賽認識的人來做我的市場總監,
    他在30歲時是靠玩視頻遊戲為生的。
    我經歷了整個過程。
    接著,也許在我創業的前三、四年內,
    我偶然雇到了一個很優秀的人,這完全不是我的意圖。
    偶然之中,我看到了他們的真正影響。
    我心想,天啊,隨著未來幾年,我了解到這裡的基本遊戲,正如你所說的,
    就是組建最優秀的人才團隊。
    如果我是第一次創業的創始人,
    我該如何建立一個系統來確保,
    即使我不知道一個優秀銷售人員的樣子,
    即使我不知道一個優秀的人的樣子,
    我依然能吸引他們來到我的公司。
    最簡單的方法就是,
    所以在你不知道怎麼做這項工作或者不知道找誰的時候,
    最簡單的吸引某人的方法,就是不幸地自己做那份工作。
    然後一旦你能將工作分解,
    我們遵循3D原則,即紀錄、演示、複製。
    這就是我們如何訓練任何人的方式。
    所以首先,你必須紀錄你成功完成這項工作的所有步驟。
    那些步驟逐步編成檢查清單。
    然後你進行演示。
    因此,你在希望招聘的人面前完成這個檢查清單。
    然後他們會在你面前複製,完成這個檢查清單。
    這個三步驟過程的有趣之處在於,你會經常發現,
    當你試圖按照檢查清單進行演示的時候,
    你自己並沒有遵循那個檢查清單。
    因此,你需要調整檢查清單,
    直到你確實地按照檢查清單來操作。
    當你能夠始終如一地遵循這個檢查清單並獲得預期的結果時,
    那麼你就可以讓他們按照這個檢查清單去操作。
    所以我認為這就是為什麼自籌資金的創始人,
    我認為他們往往會發現,
    他們通常會對更多的事情了解更多,
    因為他們必須學會這些事情以便能教導它們。
    而你提到的在三四年之內意外找到人才的事,
    我覺得幾乎每個人都會經歷。
    好吧,希望最後能成功的人幾乎都會這樣。
    因為你會意識到,天啊,
    如果我有四個這樣的人,我們可以改變世界。
    我能再說點什麼嗎?
    我還有另一個頓悟,那就是明星會雇用明星。
    所以我認為她的名字是凱蒂·李森。
    她之後雇的十個人中,有九個成為了我公司中最優秀的人。
    而且,我不想說他的名字,但我業務中的其他人,
    他雇的十個人中,有一個C等級的人,
    他和他雇用的每一個人都還能過得去。
    因此,隨著組織中招聘的提升,風險和獎勵也隨之增加。
    這是很多人不願意談論的事情,但我會談論。
    就是,如果你雇用了某個人,假設他們不是文化上的匹配,
    也許他們具備技能。
    或者他們是文化上的匹配,但技能不合適。
    如果他們是一位領導,你會發現,常常會令人沮喪的是,
    這就像一棵樹上有一個完全腐爛的樹枝。
    你會發現,最終必須清除掉三分之四的東西,
    因為你意識到他們無效,
    或者他們真的與企業的實際任務相違背。
    這是令人痛心且可怕的。
    但我會試著用這個比喻來向我的團隊解釋,因為我們在每一家業務中都必須這樣做。
    這種情況就會發生,這是商業的一部分,如果有人去酒吧,
    而你在俱樂部,有人把酒一個接一個點,
    不斷地為大家點酒,叫,酒,酒,酒,酒,酒。
    然後那個人就走了,然後我們都得付帳。
    在我們付帳的那一刻,當我們清除掉那些無用的東西,
    當我們將組織中的腐爛之物清除出來時,感覺是可怕的。
    但這種痛苦並不是因為清除腐爛的東西是錯的,而是因為我們是在壞的土壤上栽種,
    或者是因為那個人點了這麼多酒卻無法負擔得起。
    我還有一個不同的比喻,因為我真的很想讓這一點深入人心,
    因為我認為這很重要,即在感情的世界中,
    如果一方告訴另一方:“嘿,我背叛了你,我出軌了,”
    那一刻對雙方都是非常痛苦的。
    所以,它會讓你想,“哦,告訴真相是錯的。”
    但告訴真相並不是錯的。
    錯的是出軌。
    告訴真相的時候,你才是把事情變得正確的時候。
    因此,組織中你經常需要遇到的痛苦看起來是錯的,
    但其實是對的,因為你正在改正一個錯誤,而那就是痛苦發生的地方。
    這也是為什麼這麼多企業停滯不前,因為他們有這個出軌,
    他們有這個人,他們不願意進行那次艱難的對話,
    或者多次對話來修正它,因此他們會停滯多年。
    這是我注意到的非常成功的創始人的另一個特質,
    就是你剛才所說的,能夠更早地進行艱難的對話。
    在我的投資組合中,有一些是第一次創業的創始人,他們來找我,
    在我們的月會上說:“天啊,有這個人正在經營電子商務部門,
    他太糟糕了,我不得不替他做工作。
    我該怎麼辦,史蒂夫?你覺得呢?”
    但然後兩週後他們回來告訴我:“他仍然在那裡。”
    是啊,對。然後一年後你會問:“他還是約翰。”
    你會說:“我們在討論什麼?”
    我記得在某次會議上問過:“約翰知道你對他不滿嗎?”
    哦,知道。
    不。
    所以我覺得有一種安靜的不滿足感,就像是一種病毒,對吧?
    對的。而沒有人想討論的事是,大家都知道約翰很糟糕,而這成為了在組織中對卓越的最低標準。
    所以如果品牌是你的外部聲譽,那我覺得文化就是內部的聲譽。
    我會定義文化,實際操作上來說,我覺得文化是一個很模糊的詞。
    那這意味著什麼呢?
    這是規範組織內強化行為的規則。
    我們獎勵什麼?我們懲罰什麼?
    所以下面的事實是,人們有價值觀因為它們是一組捆綁的詞,疊加出許多行為。
    如果我說勞斯萊斯,那可能代表著質量重於速度,對吧?
    所以他們會有這個價值觀,但還是得有人問:“那這意味著什麼?”
    對吧?
    我們希望將這作為一個決策過濾器,用於影響每個情況下的行為,這樣當你面臨“我應該更快?我應該正確嗎?”的時候,
    你就可以做到正確。
    還有其他組織,比如正義與慈悲,速度與質量。
    這兩者都重要,有時候它們是截然相反的。
    所以我們必須說:“我們該在灰色地帶定位,這樣我們才能在組織內部重複決策過程,以維持文化。”
    而且文化,像一種無所不包的狀態,但我覺得這實際上是德魯克的一句名言。
    文化超越戰略,就像每週兩次、每個星期天都如此。
    如果你有一個平庸的戰略,但卻有一個令人難以置信的文化,你會擊敗一個擁有優秀戰略但糟糕文化的人,因為文化會引領表現和執行。
    幾乎每一個商業都是受限於執行,而不是戰略。
    大多數商業戰略並不那麼複雜。
    就像,讓我們做好工作,做到讓人們告訴他們的朋友關於我們,
    只要我們有足夠的毛利,我們就能賺錢。
    這並不難,對吧?
    只是實際執行是難的部分。
    所以當我們有了這些,它們是明說和不明說的規則,多數是未說的。
    如果有人在會議上遲到三分鐘,會議上有十個人,這是一次市場會議,而我在那裡,
    如果我不說任何話,那就表示我們有一個不成文的規則:
    如果有人在會議上遲到三分鐘,那是可以的。
    我就這樣強化了那個規則。
    現在,我通過不懲罰這個行為或者至少不指出它,來強化這個規則。
    反之,如果有人進來我罵他,這也是改變行為的一種方式,也許不是正確的做法。
    但在那種情況下,你該怎麼做?
    如果有人遲到三分鐘,首先,你可能會站在那個人身旁,然後說:“嘿,我不知道你是否意識到你遲到了三分鐘。
    發生了什麼事?”
    然後他們說:“我在接客戶的電話。
    它延遲了。
    我真的很抱歉。”
    或者“我在做銷售電話。”
    對我和我的組織來說,客戶和銷售將優先。
    所以如果你有一個會議,而你正在進行銷售,並且即將成交,那就去完成它,對吧?
    但如果你什麼都沒有做,而我們有這次會議,這會議就是優先事項。
    所以下次我們再次見面時,我會說:“嘿,大家,我想談談一件事。”
    約翰遲到了。
    他因為銷售電話而遲到。
    或者當我在他遲到的瞬間給他發簡訊時,我會說:“嘿,確保你說這件事。”
    然後他會說:“嘿,大家,抱歉我遲到了。
    我在接銷售電話。”
    然後我會說:“沒關係。
    你可以走了。
    永遠去賺錢。”
    而且我正在強化正確的事情。
    對吧?
    所以我覺得我們非常注重快速的即時反饋,因為這就是如何訓練行為。
    所以如果你看看…
    所以這方面有很多研究,但基本上,如果你想訓練一隻狗,你想讓它坐下來,如果你讓它坐下然後馬上給一塊餅乾,它會學得非常快。
    如果你讓它坐下然後等10秒再給餅乾,它學習坐下來得到餅乾需要的重複次數差不多是三倍。
    如果你等超過一分鐘,它就不會學會。
    真的嗎?
    你可以看到學習曲線,重複次數會急劇上升,直到最終竟然沒有上限。
    但事情在這裡變得瘋狂。
    那塊餅乾仍然在強化某些東西,只是不再是坐下。
    它強化的是剛剛發生的事。
    所以如果我們希望人們做某件事,我們必須在那一瞬間改變它。
    所以當我們訓練,而我認為我們是一個訓練組織,我們非常擅長訓練任何技能,那就是工程化多次在短時間內針對特定技能提供反饋回路。
    所以我使用銷售,因為這是每個人都理解的。
    如果你正在與某人訓練一個腳本,如果你讓某人讀過一遍腳本,然後在最後你說:“嘿,這是你可以改進的地方,”這就是95%的人訓練的方式。
    這樣也不管用。
    我們設定的前提是你要閱讀這個腳本,在前30分鐘內我們可能完成三分之一。
    而我可能會打斷你大約30次,如果發生那種情況,那就意味着我們做對了。
    我們設定的前提是我將會多次打斷你,而當你說第一句時,我就會說:“停,重說一次,這樣說。
    再來一次。”
    然後他們會說:“好。”
    然後他們說出來,我會說:“太棒了。
    再做一次。
    太棒了。
    再做一次。”
    所以我會在我能的範圍內盡可能多地強化它。
    好,現在轉到第二句。
    對吧?
    現在做第一和第二句。
    對吧?
    做第二和第三句。
    對吧?然後你持續努力,直到他們最終像口哨一樣地說出來。他們可以唱出來,因為他們也有太多的重複和反饋循環,就像,「這就是正確聲音的樣子。」我認為絕大多數組織根本不知道如何進行培訓。他們整個培訓過程、獲取人才的方式就是僱用十個人,然後看看誰能夠留下來,而不是能夠培養一個人並提升他們的能力。我認為培訓的能力是組織中最大的優勢之一,因為如果你能以B級的能力吸引人才並讓他們達到A+,那麼你就可以獲得吸引和支付給這個人來的成本與他們的表現之間的差額利潤。如果你必須使用挑選策略,那麼就必須支付當前市場上技能的費用。因此你實際上會侵蝕利潤,因為你不知道如何訓練。有時候,速度的優勢是有的,並且有時候引進人才仍然有意義,因為培訓可能需要很多時間,而不值得。因此,從招聘的角度來看,因為我知道我們剛才在討論,這一直是主題,我們總是希望招聘技能缺口最小的人。因此在低技能勞動力方面,例如,如果我們有一家杯子蛋糕的麵包店,而我需要某人工作櫃檯,那是相當低技能的勞動力。如果需要幾項技能,比如準時、微笑和友善,這些都是許多技能的組合詞,而教某人如何使用收銀機可能只需30分鐘。因此,在低技能勞動力中,招聘態度然後再訓練能力是合理的。當你遇到高技能勞動力時,我無法教某人成為併購部門的首席財務官十年。這是一個極端的例子,對吧?因此,在這種情況下,我們仍然會招聘技能缺口最小的人,但我也許可以更快地教某人在這種情況下變得友好,而不是教他們成為首席財務官。如果他們擁有我所期望的一切,顯然你會想要兩者,但世界並不完美。因此,我們只是努力招聘技能缺口最小的,態度是一系列的技能。因此,不要將事情視為態度和能力,只需將一切視為技能,然後我們總是以缺口最小為招聘標準。最容易培訓的事情?是的。好的。這其中非常重要的一點是,我們剛才提到需要給予人們反饋。我寫下來,大多數公司和大多數企業家和創始人都害怕給出微不足道的反饋。因為我可能注意到你在犯一個小錯誤,但指出這一點感覺是小氣的。這感覺就像我是一個粗魯的獨裁者。為什麼這麼重要?你如何創造一個良好的環境?我肯定會這麼做。是的,我不知道。很多人都不這樣。我有很多經理在我的團隊中,他們不想冒犯別人。他們的中心目標過於集中於友好,但對我們的文化來說,這種友好有時不是善意。我不會說這不是現場的一員,但在內部常常被認為不友好的事情,正是你實際上對某人不友善,因為沒有最大化他們在其角色中成功的可能性。人們通常不會因為某一件事而失去工作,通常是因為一百件小事。因此,如果我們能立刻修正這一百個小問題,大多數人都希望能做得好,大多數人都希望成功,而且大多數人都希望晉升。如果我們能幫助他們,那麼我們能最大化這些情況發生的可能性。而這就是文化所在的地方。如果在那第一天,就像我說的,我們說,我們將按劇本進行,並且我們只會進行三分之一的內容。我會停下來30次來修正你。我們已經設置了 expectativas,這裡的運作方式。我們將修正事物,並且我們會迅速修正。理解差異,我們教我們的團隊,侮辱和批評之間的區別是什麼?批評是實際與期望之間的差距。比如你應該準時,而這周你遲到了兩次。所以這就是差距。你懶惰則是侮辱。因此,與差距相關的判斷是侮辱某人。指出差距純粹是批評,且是客觀的。因此,如果你想改善團隊,要消除侮辱,專注於批評,並告訴他們該做什麼。因此,我認為思考這個問題最簡單的方法是停止、開始、保持。讓我告訴你一個真實的故事。所以,我們有一位董事級別的人,這在組織中算是相對高層,他存在行為問題,換句話說,「每個人都認為你是一個混蛋。」所以他最終在高管團隊中四處走動,與他們所有人坐下來,因為他在這方面非常精通,他是一個高績效者,做得很好,只是沒有人喜歡他。因此,他與四位不同的高管交談,而行為並沒有改變。因此他最終來到了我的辦公室,他有點擔心,他問,「我會被解雇嗎?」我回答:「不,HR會解雇你,如果你真的會被解雇,我們在談論什麼?」但當我們坐下來時,我說:「好,我想澄清,我想減少將來人們稱你為混蛋的可能性。」我說:「這聽起來是一個可取的目標嗎?」他說:「是的,我想這樣。」我說:「好,這樣很好。我也不在乎你是否是一個糟糕的人。我只在乎其他人是否這樣認為。」所以,我只想最小化我再次被捲入這種情況的可能性。
    所以他們叫你混蛋的原因,我們需要深入探討,因為你與一些領導者的對話都像是在說:「嘿,兄弟,別當混蛋。」
    但問題是,你該怎麼做?什麼也做不了。你只會感到被侮辱,然後無事可做。因此,改變的方式是:「好吧,當別人講話時,不要打斷,等他們講完。如果不確定,問他們是否講完了。」
    他說:「當你給出不請自來的建議,告訴他們該如何運營他們的部門時,別這麼做,或者問他們是否想要這些建議。如果他們說不,就不要再說什麼。」
    於是我們確定了他正在做的三四種行為,我說:「那麼,做這些事就好了。」
    而就在下周,人們都驚訝地說:「他怎麼了?他像個新的人。」
    事實上,他並不是個混蛋,他只是不了解該怎麼表現。所以如果你想教學,教學必須基於特定的條件和行為。因此,如果你想讓某人有所改變,你必須給他們改變需要的條件。
    當有人說這句話時,這種情況下會發生什麼,這是有條件的,然後你需要這樣做。
    因此,現有的大多數培訓完全不涉及這些。這只是人們相互大喊、侮辱,並說:「嘿,你需要提升水平。你需要提高你的表現。這意味著什麼?」
    我認為識別實際行為的一個最簡單的方法,因為這實際上是困難的部分,是:「我為什麼覺得他是個混蛋?我為什麼覺得她懶惰?」因為我想侮辱他們,但這樣不對,那我該如何幫助她?
    「好吧,我為什麼會這樣描述她?」好吧。當我隨便一聊的時候,她的反應通常較慢。有時需要一個小時,有時需要三個小時。我心想:「好吧。」所以我會收集這些數據,然後說:「好吧。」當我跟她交談時,我會有這組數據。
    接下來,當我從她那裡拿到一些項目時,它們都是不完整的。我覺得它們並不充分具體化。我想:「好吧。這是第二組資料。」再一次,當她在 Zoom 上出現時,她看起來很凌亂。我想:「好吧。」
    所以當我跟 Sandy 說話時,我不會說:「嘿,Sandy, 你看起來很懶惰。我需要你提升一下,不然我們會遇到問題,並且不得不把你放入績效改善計劃中。」
    與其這樣說,不如直接把她放入績效改善計劃中,而不說是績效改善計劃,只需告訴她:「當你參加會議時,將你的背景更改為標準公司設置,不要讓我們看到你的臥室。」
    並確保你上半身看起來專業。我所謂的專業是指你需要穿襯衫並把頭髮梳起來。
    那在覺醒政治中如何運作?我不知道。你在你們的國家裡面對它。但你應該要有一種可以說這些話的文化。
    第二點是,目前我需要你打開 Slack 通知,並且需要你在10分鐘內回覆。在工作時間內。下班後隨你,但在9到5之間,你必須在10分鐘內回覆。你覺得你能做到嗎?
    可以。
    所以這裡的最終目標是讓大家不再叫你懶惰。這很有趣,因為它回到了你之前提到的東西,你曾提及具體性與模糊性,前額葉皮質與杏仁核。就像侮辱是杏仁核。完全正確。
    但如果你把它具體化,那麼行動發生的可能性就會更高,而有用的行動發生的可能性也會更高。
    針對現在正在收聽的那位企業家,他擁有一家公司,他們正在考慮第一次招聘。我想要拋出一個提議,看看你怎麼看這件事。
    我認為的一個幫助你在招聘過程中不出錯的方式,尤其是在早期的,是你必須持續假設自己在招聘方面很差。
    我一直抱著這種假設,因為我有偏見,對某些事情不甚了解等等。當你以你真的在招聘方面很差的假設開始,你會試圖分散決策的權力。
    所以我經常對初創企業的創業者說,如果你要雇一名銷售員,創建一個面試過程,讓五個人參與其中,其中之一可以是你,其他四個人則是你一生中遇到的最佳銷售員,比如賣給你房子的人。
    你覺得這樣怎麼樣?
    我覺得這很好。此外,你所要尋找的參考數量與角色的重要性成比例。
    好的。所以 Sam,學校的共同創辦人,他是一名非技術創始人。學校是什麼?
    哦,所以 schoolsschool.com 是一個構建社區的平台。我們目前是線上的,但我們也有線下的部分,讓人們可以在線上或線下見面。那太棒了。
    所以這是我在 acquisition.com 之外唯一公開與之關聯的投資。而且這是一個非常重要的事,因為我非常相信這個,是為了教育和媒體連結。
    所以 Sam 是學校的創辦人,而他並不具備技術背景。因此,他知道要建立一個卓越的軟體產品,需要世界級的人才。於是他面試了 600 名開發者,找到了丹尼爾,後來成為學校的首席技術官。他詢問每個人誰是最佳程序員。然後他與那些人交談,詢問他們所知道的最佳程序員是誰。然後他又與那些人交談。
    然後他問他們認為自己所認識的最佳程式設計師是誰。最終,像丹尼爾的名字被提到,彷彿是上天賦予的。他說:「如果你能找到這個人,他會很了不起。」於是他找到了接觸丹尼爾的方式,最終也成為了學校的共同創辦人。這個過程有趣的地方在於,它實際上與快速學習有關。因此當我擔任顧問時,我22歲,必須去向四星上將做有關武器系統的簡報,而我對此一無所知,因為我在12個月前還在喝啤酒。那麼,如何在一個比你多有30年經驗的人面前聽起來聰明呢?
    這就是快速學習的顧問過程。第一步是找到五個專家。因此,你問一個人,「嘿,告訴我你知道的五位最擅長這個領域的人。」然後你問他們,「你知道的五位也非常了解這個領域的人是誰?」對於每次訪談,你會將他們的所有信息記錄下來,例如:「你對這個問題有何看法?你對那個又有何看法?」然後你開始繪製信息生態系統。你首先和專家交談的原因在於,信息是沒有缺乏的。你可以隨意在谷歌上搜尋,問題在於信息太多。因此,過濾的焦點便是最高的杠桿點。專家花了多年時間篩選出重要的內容。因此,你基本上快速消耗最經過篩選的信息,然後重新組織這些信息。
    這就是典型的分析師作為顧問所做的事情。例如,對於我進行的太空與網絡項目,我有600頁的訪談筆記。第一步是將所有新聞重新分類。從原始筆記轉變為分類筆記。然後,從那裡你提煉並整合筆記,找出關於這些特定問題(在這種情況下是武器系統,但可以是其他任何事情)的真相或最精煉的信念。然後,你能夠為當情況正確時會是什麼樣子、問題是什麼、可能的解決方案是什麼生成推論。然後這根本上就是你說「接下來我們需要做什麼」的基礎。如果你正試圖學習一些東西。
    但在與那些人交談的過程中,它實際上同樣適用,因為面試過程中,人才的水平越高,我越希望企業家能把它用作顧問的學習過程。因此,我會展示給一位想來擔任這個角色的人,企業所面對的實際問題,這些問題是他們可以控制的,並問他們,「你會如何解決這些問題?」然後他們告訴我他們會考慮的所有事情以及他們的思考。接著我會問下一個人他怎麼想,以及她怎麼想。然後突然之間,我得到了免費的顧問建議,這真是太棒了。但其次,你能通過某人追蹤的指標的質量和數量,判斷他們在特定層級的能力。
    這根本上就是區分初學者和專家的因素。初學者通常在結果上有二元思維,要麼成功,要麼失敗。例如,專家對於一個行銷活動不會說「哦,行銷沒有用,或廣告沒用。」他們會說「這個特定的活動沒有成功,因為我們的點擊率太低,或者因為它引流的流量不合格,轉換率也不夠。」或者我們沒有足夠的人在我們的四個步驟中進行第二步。他們可以分解這個連續性中的任何部分。如果我在面試一個銷售人員,對方說,我會問,「那你打算如何影響這些指標?你會採取什麼行為?」在模糊與具體的比較上,如果他們回覆得模糊,我會深入問,「不,你會做什麼來改變這一點?」
    而且,這是一個絕佳的方式來教授組織內部如何通過他們的工作為業務創造收益。因此,如果你有一位客服代表,例如,你問,「嘿,你如何讓我們公司賺錢?」如果他們解釋不出來,他們可能沒有做到這一點。這聽起來簡單,但如果有人說「嗯,我回答客戶的問題」,然後你問「那這如何賺錢?」現在,如果他們能說「當我回答客戶問題時,我增加了他們推薦其他客戶的可能性,並且增加了他們留存及繼續付錢的可能性。通過提供驚人的體驗,我幫助我們獲得新客戶,並讓我們現有的客戶繼續付錢。如果合適的話,我會推薦其他可能的產品和服務,我可以將他們介紹給銷售人員來解釋,這樣我們可以從他們那裡產生更多的收入。」我會說,「如果你能這樣表達,那你可能不僅僅是前台的客服,你可能是一名總監。」因此,這種細微的區別、具體性正是顯示專業知識的地方。
    所以當我在面試候選人時,首先,我希望收集盡可能多的信息。我想汲取儘可能多的知識,但我也非常關注他們追蹤的指標的質量和數量,以及他們為影響這些指標所採取的行為。因此,在這個假設的問題中,假設我們想要解決的是低點擊率的問題,我會說:「好吧,我們的問題是…。」
    你會怎麼處理這個改變呢?
    這讓我了解他們在組織中會怎麼做,因為說「我要進來,假設我是銷售總監,我會改善銷售團隊」這很簡單。我會問:「好啊,那你要怎麼做?」他們會說:「我會指導那些人。」我又問:「那是什麼意思?」所以我會不斷問:「那是什麼意思?你怎麼做到?」直到他們說:「好吧,我會每天早上和那些人見面,我們會進行角色扮演。」我會問:「你們怎麼角色扮演?」他們回答:「我們會從劇本開始。」越是詳細,我越相信他們能做到,因為他們實際上解釋了他們將採取哪些行動。如果某個人不能將其具體化為行動,那麼他們實際上不太可能去執行。因此,我剛才概述的是三個核心要素。第一是他們追踪的指標的質量和數量。第二是他們將做出哪些行為來影響這些指標。第三,這些指標和這些行為如何影響業務收入。如果他們能清楚地解釋這一點,那麼你就找到了贏家。所有這一切都需要他們知道,這個人並不是在胡說八道,還要知道哪些指標是重要的,對吧?因為某人在面試中,對於我這位首次創業的創始人,可能會說一堆複雜的話聽起來不錯,我就雇了他。而這正是我試圖避免的,我怎麼能不讓一個胡說的人通過我的考核呢?我並不是讓他們解釋到像是你是一個五年級的學生。因此,我總是開同樣的玩笑,因為你做這種事做得夠多,你就會開同樣的玩笑。就像,「嘿,我需要你像對一隻金獵犬解釋這一切」,這是一種有唐氏綜合症的狗。好吧。所以,我總是能讓大家發笑,我就說,所以假設我什麼都不知道。我們從這開始。你認為客服意味著什麼?如果某人真的有專業知識,理查德·費曼是著名的物理學家,他說過如果你不能向小孩解釋,那麼你就不夠了解它。如果他們讓你困惑,那就意味著他們不理解,或者是在故意模糊,這兩種情況都不好。在那次解釋中你說了什麼。你說你在談論你校園裡的創始合夥人,他說他在尋找首席技術官,他說如果我們能找到這個人,他會很了不起。很多剛開始創業的企業家都有這種想法。他們認為如果我能把那個來自那家了不起公司的家伙拉到我們正在建造的新創公司的車庫,那將改變我們的運勢。但怎麼做到呢?我怎麼能讓一個真正優秀的人來加入我,這個人正在賺著很多錢,擁有一份舒適的工作和安全感來加入我在臥室的團隊呢?嗯,我認為有軟方面和硬方面,對吧?硬方面是薪酬,也許你沒有太多現金。所以你會有幾個槓桿可以使用。你可以支付他們多少現金?如果有股份或股票,你能給他們的上升潛力是什麼?這顯然是針對軟體企業的。你知道,將這一切細分肯定是值得的。如果你不是在一家軟體公司,這可能佔了聽這個的人口的大多數,股份內部有四個要素。你有控制權。所以誰能做決定?你有風險。如果一切都失敗了會怎樣?誰負責?你有利潤,這是企業的現金流,誰獲得分配?然後基本上是出售或企業價值,當我們出售或若我們出售時,誰能參與這個上升潛力?這些基本上是股份的四個要素。現在的問題是,你顯然可以授予股份或你可以給一家公司股票。這是做這件事的一種方式。但你也可以圍繞這些事情進行合約。大多數情況下,他們不想承擔風險。如果這是你的公司,他們可能也不會獲得控制權。所以你實際上只有利潤和在出售方面的潛力。因此,你可以合約這些事情,結構也有很多。所以我不會關於這方面的法律進行詳細討論。但問某人,你想要什麼?因為這是一個非常強有力的開始方式。對於這種情況,我最喜歡的問題是問:要怎麼才能讓你來呢?所以當你有這個人時,他的反應是:「哇,這會很了不起。」那我怎麼能推銷這個人?我只會問他:你想讓我怎麼做?所以我會說:要什麼條件?因為我不知道。他會告訴我。而我喜歡這個框架,因為它假設「是的」,假設你會來。所以,要什麼條件?你寫的這麼多書和製作的內容都圍繞著這種銷售的概念。對吧?而這確實是一種銷售,不是嗎?完全是。而我總是想到史蒂夫·喬布斯的名言,他曾經見過,應該是約翰·斯卡利,他在百事可樂工作,他問道,你想要一輩子繼續賣糖水嗎?還是想來改變世界?在說服某個卓越人士來加入你的任務時,這種情感和心理的銷售要素是如何影響的呢?我認為這就是我們開始時提到的杏仁核的故事,這在這裡多次冒出頭來。我認為你對潛在的共同創始人或潛在早期雇員的推銷,基本上和你對投資者的推銷是一樣的,只是細節不同。
    幾乎是一樣的提議,不同的是他們不是在投資資本,而是在投資時間、生命和專業知識。但從根本上說,你是在要求投資。我只是想問你。還有一個奇怪的問題,其實我從來沒有問過任何人,但創業者經常掙扎的問題是,我應該雇用天真無邪的人,因為這樣可能會為舊問題創造新解決方案,就像那個懂TikTok的年輕人,還是雇用有經驗的人,這樣會更貴、更傳統和安全?我看到一些公司在這兩方面有過度的偏向。對此我其實有相當強烈的看法。上週我和ButcherBox的CEO談及這件事。我認為這是一種杠鈴策略,兩邊有優秀的人,中間卻幾乎沒有。這很有趣。因此,我喜歡很多年輕、渴望成長的人,他們想學習,願意長時間工作,並全心投入。而那些在職業生涯後半段的人,已經賺了足夠的錢,他們知道無論去哪裡都能找到工作的,你給他們一份工作並不是在幫他們忙。他們不是我所討厭的職業主義者。他們不會迷戀自己的頭銜,也不會對他們的職業道路感到著迷,對未來的晉升計劃感到擔憂。他們基本上有一個試金石,就是,我必須有這樣的報酬才能來這裡和你一起工作。但他們實際上非常熱愛這份工作。因此,這些年輕人正在學習並通過大量的工時和練習來彌補。而這些有經驗的人則將自己的經驗帶到這場比賽中,並通過策略創造了更多的槓桿。中間的人往往是大家的麻煩。我認為,這其實並不是成年的問題,我認為這是一種觀點的問題。因此,關鍵在於你是在這裡成長還是只是分享你所知道的?我認為,正是那些中間的人會想,我帶來了一些東西,但我需要一些東西,這種互惠關係,讓我認為,大多數不成功的人都屬於這個範疇。而天真的角色在創新中又是什麼呢?因為那些不知規則的孩子,更容易發現細微之處,對吧?我認為是的。如果你不知道一個行業該如何進行,基本上你可以顛覆任何行業。因此,我認為這恰恰提煉了我們一開始所說的東西,那就是基於第一原則出發,我知道的幾個真理是什麼?然後基本上忘記其他一切。當你以這些假設為基礎構建時,你最終會在山上建造出不同的路徑,這些路徑可能之前有或沒有被踩踏過。我認為有時候最確鑿的事情之一是,你重新推導出一個已經有效的解決方案,然後你會想,哦,好吧,現在我知道為什麼這有效了,對吧?但我認為,這其實讓你對這條路徑更加有信心,你會想,好吧,這很好。但現在我知道為什麼我們要這樣做,不僅僅是因為其他人這麼做,而是因為我了解它為什麼有效。因此,我認為這就是基於我知道的幾個真理並全力以赴。就像我知道如果客戶喜歡我的產品,他們更可能告訴其他人,而不是如果他們討厭它。這點我非常有信心。於是我們說,好的,為了讓某人「愛」我的產品,究竟需要發生什麼事情,也就是增加他們告訴朋友有關我們或發表對我們的反饋的可能性。因此,現在可以將這些因素拆解。且再一次,這是質量和數量的指標問題。所以問題是,我能多細微地拆解這些因素?就像,我們在什麼時間投送這些信息或是基於什麼樣的經驗,都有高度的可能性讓他們發帖?我們能否減少他們推薦朋友的摩擦?我們該如何讓這變得簡單並激勵他們?因此,所有這些組件,無論是服務業、實體產品業務還是軟件業務,仍然在同樣的道理下運作。對於每一位客戶,例如,在帶領某人走過這一過程中,我會查看四個重要的里程碑,也就是四個R。因此,我如何讓他們留下來?我如何,按順序來講,首先是如何讓他們保留?如何讓他們評論我的產品?如何讓他們推薦某人?然後我如何再次銷售給他們?基本上,這四個R是我嘗試引導每位客戶的過程。這是一個非常簡單的框架。對吧?你認為怎樣?我只想說,哦,天啊,客戶成功。這意味著什麼?只不過是,我想要發生的這四件事。因此,我只是試圖逆向工程,找出哪些活動可以增加每一個四個R發生的可能性。今年,全球55%的企業以某種形式正在使用AI。它已經如此深入地融入我業務的每一個環節,以至於很難記得我和我的團隊以前沒有使用過它。贊助這個播客的Adobe Express正是我們團隊日日夜夜使用的工具的典範。它的生成圖像工具只需幾個字描述你想要的東西,然後透過AI,它會返回許多供你選擇的圖像。如果你正在觀看,看看這有多快多簡單,你可以免費試試。
    可自訂的模板意味著你或你的團隊中的任何人都可以創造出引人注目的東西,而不用完全從頭開始或成為設計專家。這種技術使得 Adobe Express 不僅僅是一個設計工具,而是快速且容易創建任何事物的應用程式。你現在可以在應用商店免費下載這款 Adobe Express。
    好吧,我想要談談四個 R,但我認為在談四個 R 之前,首先要懂得如何吸引客戶,這是一個棘手的問題。事實上,甚至也許在那之前,首要的是要心理上準備好商業所帶來的壓力和過山車般的起伏。我找到的這張圖表是你的。喔,天啊。對於任何創業者來說,理解這個循環是非常重要的。我想你稱之為崩潰燃燒循環之類的東西。因為如果你對這個循環沒有意識,當你遇到某些部分時,你可能會認為自己出現了什麼問題。是的,這個崩潰循環有其必然性。我會把它放到螢幕上讓大家看看。這是創業者的生命週期,直到你學會如何擺脫它。這裡有六個階段。第一階段是無知的樂觀主義。在這個階段,你看到朋友或者在網上看到某些東西,看起來他們在賺錢或有機會,你心想,喔,我的天啊,聽起來真棒。你充滿了樂觀,但這是無知的,因為你不明白這真正意味著什麼。然後你就投入其中,你說,好的,我要追求這件事情,不管是烘焙杯子蛋糕,還是修理草坪,或者做加密貨幣交易,無論是什麼。第二步是你進入這個行業,你感到,喔,我的天啊,我不知道,這裡涉及的東西太多了,這比我預期的要複雜得多。於是,你變成了有知的悲觀主義者。你現在知道這是困難的,或者比你預期的要困難得多。第三階段是你面臨意義危機或絕望的價值。所以你繼續做這些事情,這些事情仍然不起作用,你不斷努力,卻仍然無法成功。這是真相的時刻,這是循環的階段,在這裡大多數創業者會分道揚鑣。大多數人會采取下一步,他們會說,嗯,那邊的事看起來不錯,我的其他朋友正在做,我也許應該去做那個。然後他們又回到無知的樂觀主義中,然後再次重蹈覆轍,變成悲觀主義者,這樣一直循環,過著同樣的六個月,持續二十年。
    而另一條路從絕望的價值中走出來就是堅持下去。於是你變成了有知的樂觀主義者,因為現在你了解了所有的壞消息,但你也了解了好的部分,並學會了如何避免壞的,最大化好的。然後,當你在那裡足夠長的時間後,你最終實現了你最初認為簡單而快速的事情。這個循環,這在某種程度上就是 Alex Ramosy 的人生故事,這也是為什麼我可以如此親密地描述這些步驟,因為我稱之為那個循環,而對面的那位女士穿著紅色裙子,這可能是我最喜歡的《駭客任務》電影的一部分,主角 Neo 在一個程序中被教導一件事。他正和 Morpheus 一起走過看起來像紐約市的擁擠街道,正在思考他應該學習的事情,他說:“Neo,你在聽我講話,還是看著那位穿紅色裙子的女士?”而 Neo 的目光正看著那位穿紅色裙子的女士,Morpehus 說:“再看一遍。”然後他再次看向那位穿紅色裙子的女士,卻看到史密斯特工手拿槍指著他的頭。在那一刻,他想,“動不了。”他解釋道,你要麼是我們的人,要麼是他們的人,而他們是被派來摧毀我們的。於是,看似那位穿著紅色裙子的女士實際上是一個來自系統的特工,目的就是摧毀你目前所處的機會。這就是為什麼我如此喜歡那位穿紅色裙子的女士,因為這太真實了。因為你身處其中,和你的業務建立了關係。你心想,“這個女孩似乎不錯。”然後你開始了解她,發現她睡覺時會打鼾。突然間,你看到她早上穿著運動褲,沒有化妝,意識到她有時情緒不佳,也無妨。但你開始逐漸了解她。“我不知道我們是否會結婚,但就是這樣。”然後你看到那位穿著紅色裙子的女士,心想,“我想那是我想要的女孩。”於是你結束和業務的這段關係,投入那段新關係。然而你意識到那個女孩得了陰虱,還有一位瘋狂的前男友,你想,“天啊,我不想處理這些。”對吧?所以,我的 CFO 是你會想,“哦,我的天啊,我雇用了那個人,這改變了一切。”我的 CFO 和 Jim Lodge 已經把四家公司從 0 元做到 1 億美元。她完成了超過 40 樂於交易,最大的一筆是 50 億美元。超級有經驗。她已經到了職業的末端。她說:“我可以最後陪你們一起走一趟。”當然,記住,Layla 和我,那時我26或27歲,Layla 23或24歲,我們坐在桌子對面,面對一位非常有經驗的商業人士,心想:“請幫幫我們。”她教我的一件我永遠不會忘記的是,她說:“另一邊的草總是更綠。”
    對不起,我無法翻譯這段文字。
    所以我會自我介紹,說我擁有很多公司。
    但我認為,當你是一位企業家的時候,最大的誤解之一就是不明白擁有者和執行長之間的區別。
    於是他們聽說你擁有一個投資組合,他們聽到我有一個投資組合,會想,哦,那麼他有一個投資組合。我必須跟他學習。
    那個家伙很高,我應該去打籃球。
    事情並不是這樣運作的,對吧?
    我應該要有錢,所以我應該坐私人飛機。
    事情並不是這樣運作的,對嗎?
    這是混淆了順序。
    所以我們必須做這些事情才能獲得結果。
    我們必須專注於一件事情,才能獲得到外部的回報。
    而這種分散注意力,特別是當你在創業生涯中還比較新的時候,已經有如此多事情尚未掌握。
    那麼你現在怎麼想著要同時去克服三個未知的挑戰呢?
    思維的錯誤是,我將嘗試所有的事情,看看哪一個有效,但沒有任何一個會有效,因為你只是等著看看哪一個會有效。
    因為在我看來,你可以強迫某件事情見效,前提是像我這樣假設一些基本原則,比如說你並不是以4美元的價格在賣5美元的鈔票,這是商業的正常經濟學。
    如果一個房地產業存在,會有其他人賺錢。會有美容院的生意,人們也賺錢。會有割草的生意,人們也賺錢。
    你可以在所有這些領域賺錢。你只是不可能在所有這些領域同時賺錢。
    是的,情況是這樣的。
    當你今天走進來,坐下來的時候,我問你說:“你在專業上發生了什麼事?”
    我記得你說的話。你說更多的相同,並且更好,這顯然來自你的智慧。
    我的無限智慧。
    這只是來自於對這些事情的痛苦經歷。
    我職業生涯中所犯的最大的創業錯誤,都是源於我分散注意力,每一個錯誤都是如此。
    我曾提到我將電子商務業務併入我的許可公司。我不應該這麼做。
    當我這麼做的時候,我的收入增長開始放緩。
    為什麼會這樣?
    因為我有注意力缺陷。我就想:“噢,麥克,我不想把錢留在桌子上。這件事我進展得如此激進。”你總是會留下一些錢在桌子上。
    這是專注的結果。
    但你留的一小部分錢在桌子上,去追尋在另一張桌子上更大的錢,其實就是堅守目前正在做的事情。
    因為複利,如果我在這裡展示一個圖表,就像,如果你在某個事業的第三年,想要考慮轉向一個新事業的零年,你必須比較新事業的零年是否增長更快,但必須增長得比你如今的第三到第四年更快。
    我覺得人們會把零年與零年比較,而不是第四年和零年。
    問題在於,你其實,我們的生活是線性的。
    所以這是一個不公平但真實的機會成本比較。
    所有我所認識的特別成功的企業家,都只是堅持在某一件事情上,長時間不變。
    我想有句話是,我想說是肖恩·帕里希(Shane Parish)說的,他說:“成功是長時間做明顯的事情,而不相信自己比實際上聰明。”
    就像,我們知道我們需要做的事情,因此我們不需要把生活搞得更複雜。
    複雜性會隨著規模增長而產生,我保證。
    因此,僅僅想著多做一些你已經做得好的事情已經足夠困難了。
    別再增加任何其他的事情。
    所以如果你需要寫下某種承諾,比如說,我會堅持做這件事,那麼就這樣去做。
    但,問題在於,我們之前提到關於打敗Boss的程度。
    所以會發生這樣的事,你知道如何打敗遊戲中的第一到第三個Boss。
    然後你只是說,好吧,我就重新開始遊戲,打敗Boss。
    我想這次會有所不同。
    但然後你又回到第三關,然後再次卡住了。
    所以人們不斷地回到第三關和新的嘗試,一次又一次,因為他們從未學會如何過了那個Boss。
    所以你必須面對不確定性,意識到你不知道該怎麼做,但你會找到解決辦法,只要你不斷重複。
    在這個過程中你就要盡可能多地與人交談。看看他們所說的,整合所有信息,然後說,我認為這是最有可能的路徑。
    可能行不通。
    但我基本上相信,如果我們好好地給人剪頭髮,並且長期這樣做,我們將會有一個蓬勃發展的業務。
    如果我們從這裡有一個非常好的模型,我們可能能夠再開一個地點。
    如果我們控制了成本,我們可能會有一個實際的模式,無論是投入我們自己的資本,還是引進其他人,將它擴展到全國。
    像這樣的所有事情,我還未找到一個業務,只要有某種形式存在,都無法達成每年1億美元的收入。
    比如你是一家乾洗店。
    好吧,酷。那麼我們來建立這個模型。
    我們可以許可這個模型,我們可以將模型特許經營出去,我們可以獲得外部投資者,我們可以將它擴展到全國,我們可以做到的。
    但這些瘋狂的目標之所以看起來瘋狂,是因為人們有瘋狂的時間表。
    如果你延長時間表,其實這些目標都是非常合理的目標。
    如果你有一個真正的十年計劃或二十年計劃,幾乎所有事情都是可以實現的。
    我說的是,幾乎每一個數十億美元的公司,其實是在公司的第六到第十年之間才能達到那些龐大的數字。而大多數聽到這段話的人,都是在創業五年左右,不過你現在只是剛進入你所從事的事情六個月。每次你重新開始時,你都在重啟通往第十年的計時器。我認為這部分花了我很長時間才搞明白。我想這對很多創業者來說也是這樣,因為大家在會議上摸索很多事情,因為你真的不知道自己在做什麼。
    在我看來,對於我認識的大多數創業者來說,找到有效的方式大約需要五年。這就像是需要大約五年來弄清楚哪個方向是北。然後再花五年,而很多人到此為止,重新開始,最後失敗。再花五年來建立一個可以創造世代財富的東西。所以這是一個大約十年的艱辛過程。
    這裡有一個非常艱難的真相。如果你現在有一份工作,那麼在五年中的大部分時間裡,你會辭職,因為你不想像現在這樣辛苦工作,並且想賺更多的錢。而一旦你辭職,你會發現你現在要比之前工作得更辛苦,且會在一段較長的時間內賺得更少。一個好處是,你可以全權負責自己賺得少和工作的多,因為你會想,“我的老闆是個白癡,其實是我。”但這就是事實。
    在某種程度上,我認為這種樂觀的無知實際上是創業者真正的可贖回特質之一。而其中一個真正艱難的部分是,你必須立即忘記辭掉一份工作並開始另一份工作的巨大成功,因為這種來自你能夠走自己道路的自由的巨大跳躍會立刻被強化。這個成功的瞬間,會讓你不斷想重啟。根本上,我認為這就是為什麼這麼多創業者會不斷進行的原因,因為你第一次這麼做時,感受到的快感是前所未有的。你辭掉工作,開始創業,並且取得一些初步的進展。當新業務賺到的第一美元,感覺像是最好的一美元。但這種強烈的強化又強化了什麼呢?它強化了停止你正在做的事情,開始新的事物。
    因此,我認為創業的一個根本錯誤是,有時候跳船去開始某個新事物的教訓是你需要立即忘記的,因為之後,你必須在很長一段時間內堅持下去。還有一點是,創業者並不抱著假設自己錯誤的信念去創辦公司。因此,在第一年或七個月後,當他們意識到最初的假設是錯誤的時,他們會認為這意味著放棄,因為我的假設是錯的。而我遇到的成功創業者,特別是第二次創業的創辦人則意識到他們的假設從一開始幾乎就是錯的,創業的過程是修正和尋找新的假設。
    我想到馬克·祖克柏和他的臉部交換軟體,或任何評估人們吸引力的東西。如今,他們有像虛擬現實的 AI 公司。但從一開始就理解你的假設是錯的,並且這是一個尋找新假設的過程,我認為在這些意義危機的循環中,會讓你更加耐心。
    所以有兩件事情。所以第一,我有一條推文超級病毒式傳播,是這樣的:第一次創業者說,嘿,在我告訴你我的商業想法之前,我需要你簽署一份保密協議。我知道你已經簽了,我知道你有。第三次創業者說,這裡有我所有的東西,這是所有文件,這是所有預測。這可能全部都是錯的,而且這可能不會成功。但我有幾個聰明的人,我想我們能解決。這可能會更費時間、更費用、成本更高,但是我們認為這值得一試。因為所有在這兩邊的人都明白,創業者能理解,因為他們想,“天啊,我就是那個人”,而所有的投資者也明白,因為他們想,“天啊,我一直在和這個人打交道。”
    但實際上,你剛才所說的,從原始想法到實際發生的許多迭代,又再次展示了初學者與專家之間的差異,初學者是二元思維。他們認為這個行得通,這個行不通。如果不行,那麼我需要一個新想法,而不是像大師或進階人員那樣擁有細微的思考,來思考“那麼這個可以怎麼樣?”如果我深入研究,我把它分解為其組成部分,這個不行。好吧,不是說 Meta 廣告不行或廣告不行,而是我們沒有在廣告中找到吸引眼球的點,或是我們在登陸頁面上沒有把優惠說清楚,或者它與廣告不一致,或者是,嗯,你知道的,我們的優惠本身不是很吸引人,或者沒有…總之,大家都很想要,但這其實是我的問題。我們並未解決核心問題。因此,這一切始終在於細節中,在篩選眾多的小事中,你才能找到那些最終會修復業務的核心要素。我知道,Facebook 曾試圖解決他們的病毒性問題,他們鎖在房間裡幾天,試圖找出如可讓更多用戶留在平台上。人們會註冊,但不會有任何行動,然後就流失了。
    因此最後,嗯,扎克只說,好吧,我們相信如果人們擁有更多的朋友,他們會更積極參與。結果他們並沒有這樣做,問題是,由於不確定性,他們無法證明這一點。他只是覺得,這樣比沒有朋友要好。因此,他說,好的,新目標是在14天內結交10位朋友。這就是目標。創造這種體驗,讓我們能夠在14天內介紹他們認識10個人,或者幫助他們與平台上已經認識的10個人建立聯繫。一旦這個目標達成,很顯然,Facebook就起飛了或繼續增長。所以他並沒有說,哦,Facebook不再有效,社交網絡將不復存在。這通常是相對較小的,調整的方式比你最初預期的更為微妙。如果像剪頭髮、割草之類的基本原則是有這樣的問題存在,我可以收取一定的費用賺取利潤,那麼這個商業模式就沒有問題。問題在於,什麼限制阻礙了我們的發展?通常是聚焦於這個限制,並意識到有20個因素共同影響結果,而不僅僅是一個。而這就是專業知識所在,你透過嘗試和失敗來發展這種專業知識。這就是遊戲的本質。因此,我認為你必須對失敗有極高的容忍度,而不會內化這些失敗,感覺自己是因失敗而失敗的人。這就是當時的情況。當我18歲時創立了我的第一家公司,叫做Warpark,社交網絡,等等,我認為遊戲是要對的。後來我從之後的企業中學到了,實際上創業的遊戲是要成功,這兩者是截然不同的。要贏。因為當你想要對的時候,你不僅希望自己成為CEO,還希望你在那次首次提案中提出的假設能夠實現。即便當客戶告訴你你錯了的時候,你還是會試圖強迫這個該死的假設。但當你的遊戲是要成功的時候,我注意到會發生幾個非常有趣的事情。其中之一是,我看到創始人說,其實,也許我不是最適合當CEO的人。儘管我創立了這個東西,但也許我應該擔任品牌負責人。當我想到一些在英國的頂尖公司,淨值只超過1億的吉姆·夏普,珍的企業價值15億,朱利安的企業可能價值10億時,我以不同的方式參與其中一些企業。他們共同的特點是,創始人在一開始就把自己的自我放在企業成功之後。他們說,實際上,我不是最好的CEO,我應該擔任品牌、營銷、產品或其他職位的負責人。這是一種心態上的轉變,從需要對和需要在正確的駕駛位置上,轉變為這個東西需要成功。這又回到了誰,這就是,如果你希望有一家公司能夠取得驚人的成功,那麼它將需要比你活得更長的專業知識。因此這就變成了一個招聘遊戲。幾乎所有的業務很快就變成了招聘。如何做到?如果你聽扎克怎麼說,聽伊隆怎麼說,聽史蒂夫·喬布斯怎麼說。史蒂夫會談到他在公司中最好的成員,他會撥出一年到18個月的時間來引進他們。他說,每次我知道我想要誰,然後我會,像是你知道的,我會接一些其他人的電話,我只是覺得,但他們不是約翰。他們不是約翰。因此,他會不斷地努力地跟進他們,最終他們會說,你知道,好的。他們放棄了。他們會說,如果這個人如此堅持,那麼他可能會成為成功的企業家,他會帶我們走出去。我認為,人才是在公司中除了瘋狂的科技之外,你可以引入的最高杠杆要素。我最喜愛的視頻之一是史蒂夫·喬布斯,他談論招聘真正卓越的人的時候,他表示,蘋果的成功並不是因為我和我的才能和技能,而是我實際上通過招聘真正卓越的人來建立我的職業,做著非常艱難的工作去尋找和招聘他們。當你這麼做的時候,一個瘋狂的事情會發生,即它會傳播下去。A級玩家則希望與A級玩家合作。他們也招聘A級玩家,這樣就會擴散。我認為就是這個視頻。我已經建立了很多成功的基礎在於找到這些真正有天賦的人,而不去將就於B級和C級的玩家,而是真正的追求A級玩家。我發現了一些事情。我發現當你聚集足夠多的A級玩家時,當你努力找到,知道五個這樣的A級玩家時,他們真的很享受彼此的合作,因為他們之前從未有過這樣的機會。他們不想和B級和C級的玩家合作。因此,這就變成了一種自我管理,他們只想招聘更多的A級玩家。你建立起這些A級玩家的集群,然後它們就開始擴散。問題在於,就像金錢無法使你快樂一樣,這是一件每位創始人都必須為自己解決的事情。但事情是,我和他人顯然已經進行了一些關於這方面的對話,但你今天認為的A級玩家,五年後你會對A級玩家的定義有所不同。
    所以我認為,這裡面最難的心智技巧之一就是試著將自己投射到未來,想像你想要擁有的業務規模,然後問自己,這個規模下會是誰的 A 級球員?接著再回到現在,想想如何讓他們今天就為我工作。這真的很重要,因此對於任何現在有業務並且有一些員工的人來說,如果你和大家一樣,你可能擁有某種形態的 A 級球員,因為每家企業至少希望有一個,而不僅僅是你自己。想像一下,如果你的企業擁有五個這樣的人,想像在你腦中那一個人,現在你有了五個。那麼你會賺多少,會翻倍、五倍、十倍,還是五十倍?
    有時你會發現,哦,不,我其實認為我能夠達到十倍。如果是這樣,首先,不僅你公司的收入會提高十倍,其次,公司的價值也會超過十倍,因為它將不再依賴於你,而是會更多地依賴於你建立的團隊。第三,這一切將會發生得更快,因為你擁有更多的資源同時推動事務向前發展。
    把這些因素放在一起,你需要問自己,從機會成本的角度來看,還有什麼其他活動可以讓我的公司十倍增長,並做到更快、提升企業的價值增長倍數?如果沒有,那麼上帝啊,為什麼你不在 60 秒內打電話給你所有的潛在客戶呢?關於這個問題的答案可能是「我沒有足夠的人手在 60 秒內打電話給潛客」。那麼我們可以問,假設你公司的收入翻四倍,那到底值多少呢?僱用一個只有打電話給潛客的人的成本是多少?
    最近我和一家修復公司談過,他們專門處理因風暴而受損的房屋。這位負責人告訴我,他的潛客轉化率達到 55%,不是來電,而是潛在客戶。我很好奇,他是怎麼做到的?我問他每天有多少潛客,他說兩到三個。我問,這個過程是怎麼樣的?他說,哦,非常簡單。我姑姑每年薪水六萬美金,她只有一份工作。她在公司沒有其他責任,唯有在潛客進來時,她就停止一切,立刻打電話給這些潛客。她的唯一責任就是在潛客進來的那一刻每天打三個電話。他付她六萬美金,但這樣就能帶來數百萬的收入。
    所以你不會只從手上現有的錢支付,你會用將來會賺到的錢來支付,但前提是你必須先付出。回到人員的問題上。我認為最困難的時期,我們在 acquisition.com 稱之為「沼澤」,通常是介於一百萬到三百萬之間,對於企業家而言,這是一個痛苦的時期。我想有數字上的理由解釋為什麼這段時間會如此艱難。
    假設一百萬美金,假設你有 20% 的利潤率。這意味著你每年賺 20 萬美金的利潤。要聘請一位 A 級球員,可能需要花掉 100% 的利潤。所以你會面臨看似不可能的抉擇。要麼我犧牲幾乎 100% 的利潤來引進這個人?要麼我每天再多工作六小時來完成這個人應該做的工作?這兩條路都行得通,但都是痛苦和風險的選擇,因為過度工作的人會磨損自己,但你可以克服這一瓶頸,也許你會達到三百萬或四百萬,而 20% 的利潤會變成 80 萬,你可以花 20 萬,仍然可以維持現金流,還能生活。
    選擇聘請人員的缺點是,如果你選錯了怎麼辦?順便提一下,女士們先生們,這就是為什麼企業家能夠獲得超額回報的原因,因為我們承擔外部風險。因此,這份工作就是我們必須願意做出不可能的選擇。對企業家來說,業務中的大多數選擇都是在兩種相對不好的場景之間做出不可能的選擇,因為其餘的選擇甚至不算是選擇,因為它們是顯而易見的。
    當然,我們應該更快地協調,當然,我們應該更多地跟進,當然,我們應該更快地上線。好吧,這些都是顯而易見的事情。但當你遇到,我試著想一想那些並非顯而易見的幾個決定,幾乎所有你被困住的決策,埃隆·馬斯克這樣說得非常好。他說,經營一家公司就像凝視著深淵並嚼玻璃。因為「凝視深淵」的部分就是這件事可能永遠不會成功,而你幾乎隨時都面臨著業務的生存風險。
    和吃玻璃的成分在於,你作為你的角色,自然會被指派到最糟糕的問題,以及其他人無法解決的問題。因此,這是第一,一些人無法解決的問題;第二,最糟糕的問題;或者是那些他們不想解決且令人厭惡的問題。因此,你基本上成為了最壞事情的過濾器,這就是為什麼在商業中,每一天都感覺像在應對火災。因為你是唯一能做出艱難決定的人,因為沒有人想在這兩個不可能的選擇之間做出選擇,而你心裡會想,為什麼這麼難?而事實上,這種困難基本上從來不會停止。只不過是,你為這種困難付出的「貨幣」會發生變化。
    因此,你知道,很多人對於商業的印象是,一個艱難的過程,但是我不認為困難的來源就在這裡。我認為困難在於,每個商業層級都有新的犧牲,而這些犧牲是你事先不知道你必須付出的。因為如果只是「我必須工作長時間」,那麼就有很多人在他們的業務中長時間工作但卻沒有增長。而通常是因為他們不願意進行艱難的對話。這是一種不同的貨幣,對吧?
    他們必須承擔風險。這是另一種貨幣。它們必須做出某種賭注,這樣才行,而這本來是不需要做的。他們會遇到某種法律問題;可能會有一名員工試圖因某種惡劣的事情起訴他們。突然間你會發現,所有這些事情都在發生,且會定期發生。而在每個層級,你都會解鎖能夠穿透的新的玻璃層。因此,這就是為什麼在我看來,大多數企業家實際上不會真正放棄,他們只是慢慢失去動力。這不是一個引爆點;通常是,他們只是不再追求。
    所以他們可能對自己目前的成就感到滿足,便不再追求更多。有時候他們會說,這樣的交易不值得,而且我尊重這一點。他們會說,你知道嗎?我現在年收入一百萬,不想再要更多了。好吧,你贏了。恭喜你!像是,你在人生中贏了。但是大多數時候,他們並不是真正地放棄;他們只是停止了嘗試。然後他們就要麼是隨波逐流,要麼就逐漸消失到無物之中。這就是我的經驗;我相信你也看到過這種情況,因為這是一個企業家的循環。就像四季一樣。哦,對,我透過媒體和影響者的空間進來,十年前,有一群人,如今的環境與十年前截然不同。一些人適應了;有些人則說,啊,我不喜歡他們,只是,他們不願意去啃那些新的玻璃,比如說怎麼學習TikTok?怎麼學習?但天啊,部落格以前是多麼好。是的,而現在它們不再這樣了。
    我曾與一位每年銷售額數億的企業家交談,他說,兄弟,我們在資訊節目上表現得很好。而電視方面他也提到,我們只是,你知道的,我們真的必須攻克YouTube。我想,兄弟,現在是2024年,你十年前就該攻克YouTube,他有能力做到,但那是一種不同的艱難。因此,大部分的困難,一個是進入過程的高度不確定性,幾乎肯定會立即失敗,因為你第一次做的事情很可能不會成功。
    再次強調,當你進入新領域時,你必須轉換你的一般知識,作為一個企業家,我會知道這件事不會成功,因為我在這方面只了解四個事實,但我需要知道大約400個。所以我會獲得第一次的嘗試,我需要在方向上正確,然後不斷地去做更多這樣的事情。因此,我給出了諮詢的方式來學習新的領域。但如果你想學習一項新技能,我最快的方式是在沒有課程或其他東西的情況下進行大量活動。
    所以無論是,我想要進行許多銷售電話,我想進行廣泛的外聯,我想製作大量的內容,我想進行許多客戶成功的電話,無論是什麼,只需做100個。然後你再問,這些當中最優秀的10%是哪些?好的,這些最優秀的10%和其他90%有什麼不同?然後我會說,好吧,這些有三個不同的元素。讓我們試著在接下來的100個中做到這三點。然後,因為生活的多樣性,會有一些新變數存在,你查看接下來100個的最優秀的10%,你會發現,好吧,我們做了這三點,但這10個中的還有兩件事情出現在這裡,而不是其他90。那麼讓我們一起做所有五件事情。隨著時間的推移,這就是你開發出一個檢查表來製作出精彩內容和視頻的方法。
    我相信,像這段片段,David Pearl談到Chris Rock的創作過程。他說,究竟怎麼會看到Chris Rock在麥迪遜廣場花園的表演,只是60分鐘不斷地驚喜。你會想,這家伙怎麼這麼搞笑?事實上,在你看不到的是,他在許多小俱樂部裡,在第一次俱樂部中進行整整一小時的表演,結果只有三個時刻,引起很多人的笑聲。他可能有五分鐘的內容很不錯,其他55分鐘基本上很糟糕。下次他再去俱樂部時,他將那五分鐘放在前面,然後再次嘗試接下來的55分鐘的新材料,然後得到另外五分鐘。他繼續這個過程,直到最終形成60分鐘不間斷的笑聲。
    然後人們就會說,天啊,他真有才華,我無法相信他可以在那裡站著對著麥克風講話,讓每個人都笑。他跨越了年齡的界限,跨越了文化的界限,跨越了你能想像到的所有界限。他怎麼能讓每個人都覺得這麼有趣?就是這樣。他怎麼能這麼擅長寫作?好吧,他仔細看了自己寫的東西。他找出了最佳的部分,把它變成他總是做的幾樣事情,然後繼續寫作。這從根本上就是學習任何東西的過程。而且通常不是一件事情,而是許多小事情,當它們加起來時產生了超出常規的回報。抱歉,我剛才有點像在講教訓。我對技能獲取的態度很激烈,因為這就是所需的。好有趣。但看到你在這個過程中的旅程,以及你最終如何專注於技能獲取,實在太有趣了,因為在你講述的過程中,我有三個想法,我設法把它們寫下來。首先是你詳細說明了三個原因,為什麼在面對「我該如何處置我的利潤?」這一悖論時,招聘卓越人才是有意義的。這讓人完全理解。我聽到創始人經常提到的一個重大問題是,要長期經營,你必須具備某種情緒調節。正如你提到的不同層次的商業,每個層次都有更多問題,我經常看到一位年輕創始人沒有招聘這些中間層級來處理所有這些不同類型的問題,他們就像快要精疲力竭了,甚至考慮要辭職。我上週有一位客戶來到我的辦公室,她今年正在建立一個約五千萬美元的業務,我對她的第一個問題是,她的高管團隊是什麼?她只是翻了個白眼說,「我沒有高管團隊。」她在社交媒體上發了一個貼文,幾乎快要流淚,說她想要辭職。她有一個三千萬到五千萬的業務,正在像野火一樣增長,但她幾乎要放棄,因為她面對著每一個問題。而且創始人常對我說,他們認為,因為在一到三百萬的階段經歷了這麼多困難,所以未來的經營將會是持續的痛苦。我與他們談到了我所稱的「應許之地」。我喜歡這個!因為在我事業的頭兩三年中,我以為我將永遠需要處理每一個糟糕的問題。辦公室裡的珍妮對大衛不滿,週六晚上他們喝醉了做了一些不該做的事。我意識到問題在於我沒有解決招聘這些層級的問題,所以所有的事情都集中在我這裡。處理每一個問題對我的神經系統造成的情緒負擔是無法持續的。然後我意外地聘請了某個優秀的人。是的,就是我提到的凱蒂。然後她處理了所有這些事,我的創始人角色又得以思考。所以我想給你一點空間來探討這一點以及你的看法。我想試著把你剛才說的內容具體化,讓聽眾更易理解。當我們遇到這個問題時,我們有一個特定的過程要遵循。所以我們告訴創始人,我希望你製作一個 Google 表格,真的很簡單。我希望你設置一個從早上五點到午夜的時間區間,無論你工作多久,每15分鐘為一個小段。我希望你設置一個計時器,像廚房用的那種,簡單的計時器,每15分鐘一次。每當計時器響起時,我希望你寫下你做了什麼。一兩個詞,簡單,不會花太多時間。現在,當我這麼說時,人們通常會想,天啊,我沒有時間做這個。我能保證,這將是你生命中最有生產力的一週,因為你會意識到你是如何花費你的時間的。每次我這麼做時,我都會立刻想,我應該一直這麼做,但我並沒有。所以就這麼做吧,就做一週。好吧,結果是你會這樣做整整一週。然後第二步是你會查看這些,然後你會說,「哇,我沒想到我有40%的時間在處理這件事。」而我可以聘請一個角色來處理我40%的時間,這樣的話是這筆錢。如果我能找回40%的時間,我能將這個業務做大一倍。而這肯定比我支付這個人的工資價值高得多。接著你再看看你接下來的15%的時間,你會想:「好吧,這是我可以把它交給別人的嗎?像,可以讓這項工作向下推進嗎?我能否圍繞這創建某些流程來改善它?還是我需要再忍受一段時間,直到夠了,可以成為全職角色?」因此,從根本上來看,我認為企業家就像是一個多頭的分身,你不斷把事情聚集到你的手上,直到你擁有足夠的工作能交給其他人全職處理。並且再次意識到,我們唯一擁有的資源,也就是時間,該如何分配,以獲取最高回報。所以如果你看作企業家的時間堆疊,我們總是為自己的時間獲得報酬,這也是整個談話的前提,即我們用時間換取金錢。所以整個創業過程就是不斷提高你用時間換取的東西。在最根本的層面上,這就是我們在做的事情。而以一個假設來看,你的業務並不需要你。現在,無論你花多少小時工作,你都會去做這些事情。想像一個世界,你可以聘請某人,他可以用相同的時間來處理所有這些事情。現在你是業主。無論你必須支付他多少,都可以從利潤中扣除,其他的一切現在都是作為擁有者的分配。就這樣。
    現在,這位以使命為導向的企業家,不斷堆砌更多他們需要做的事情,並且一次又一次地重複這個過程。這是反對聲音出現的地方,大家都會說「沒有人能做到我能做到的事」。我想說你是對的,如果我想要的話,假設你是一隻獨角獸,我們可以想像這隻神話般的獨角獸,有著白馬的身體,角、尾,一切都在,並且有一隻小精靈圍繞著它飛舞,這魔法就在它周圍。好吧,你可能找不到獨角獸,但你可以找到一匹白馬,還可以找到一頭犀牛來獲得角,還可以找到一些螢火蟲來增添閃爍的光芒。因此,你也許不會僱用一個擁有所有這些特質的人,但你可以僱用三個人。然後這三個人一起潛力極大,能讓你所做的一切變得更加出色,因為這是他們全心專注的事。將這一切分解成更小的部分,理解你不會找到那隻獨角獸,但可以把任务分配出去,讓適合的人去做這些部分,這樣會使思考過程變得更加可行,讓你不再想「我永遠都找不到這個」。當然你找不到,這沒關係,因為我們可以解決我們日程中的部分問題。從根本上來看,當你購回時間後,你就能採取下一步來推動業務發展。
    另一件非常有趣的事情是,當你提到你那位做博客的朋友錯過了YouTube時,讓我想到了成功中的陷阱,即舊創新者困境,成功使我們被困在過去。你的朋友可能錯過了YouTube,是因為他不想把人力資源重新分配到某個有效且能支付帳單的地方。這或許和你所提到的失敗的意義非常重大有關,因為你我現在所做的事情都將會過時,我們可能都見證了前輩們慢慢淡出人們的視野。看看這些恐龍。我們正在創作內容的新學派中,但如果我們不適應變化,我們將變成老一派,那麼那個空隙裡的東西就是適應。這一點我認為非常重要。
    Google有其70/20/10的分配模型,據我了解這是由謝爾蓋數學上解決的。70%的資源分配給核心業務,進一步做我們現在正在做的事情。20%則用於相鄰業務,也就是那些與現有核心業務有一定關聯且成功機率較高的項目。而10%則用於完全脫離常規的探索,比如看看是否能獲得驚人的回報。我們可能會在大多數情況下遭遇失敗。他用數學證明了這一點,他比我聰明。但從根本上來看,這就是更多、更新、更優的概念。所以這也是領導者著作中的一個章節,說的是,現在你有了核心四項技能,這四項是你可以做到的。你可以發佈內容,可以做廣告,可以進行陌生人外聯,也可以對熟人進行外聯。這是任何人為了廣告而可以做的四件事。你所要做的第一件事就是做得更多。而對於大多數小企業來說,他們的工作量非常少,卻以為自己做了很多,這中間存在著巨大的理解落差。
    我有一個故事可以清楚地說明這一點:當我開設我的第一家健身房時,我打電話給一位有20個地點的導師,問他「你是如何做廣告的?」他說,「我用傳單。」我說,「好吧。」我發了300份傳單,但沒有效果。於是我又打電話給他,當時我很沮喪,說道:「這是什麼情況?」他說,「慢點,你的測試規模是多少?」我說,「你是什麼意思?」他說,「你的測試規模。」所以,我的意思是300張不是你發的全部數量。我回答道:「是的。」他說,「我們的測試規模是5000張傳單。然後一旦我們有了成功的樣本,那我們每天就會發5000張傳單,將其貼在車上來吸引顧客。在30天之內,他會發出150,000張傳單,而在30天內,我只發了300張。從某種意義上講,他確實在數量上做到了,我的數量是他500倍的客觀數據,而他顯然也得到了更好的結果。
    小企業的一個根本誤解是,他們將低量誤認為波動性,也就是說如果你不確定你的銷售來源,每次有一筆銷售出現,幾週後又出現一筆,這感覺上是零散的,這是波動的,但在這段時間內,實際上是會發生一定量的廣告活動。我們知道一個月過去了,而你也只賣出一到兩筆。因此,在你所在的行業中,每天有一到兩筆銷售的公司,會在一個月內做到你所做的量,並且每天都在重複這一過程。我相信你可以理解這一點,並希望把這一點放在上下文中。我在這裡,想建立一個個人品牌,我會說很好,然後我問,你每週發布多少內容?他們回答說每週發布一到兩篇,我會說,那真是太好了。對任何正在收聽這段話的人來說,多數公司每周發布450篇內容。因此,我們的品牌之所以更龐大,因為我們的產出比你多得多。人們無法理解為什麼會有人工作兩倍、五倍、十倍,甚至一千倍於他們的輸出,但這通常就是為什麼他們的效果會比你要好一千倍的現實。而根本上,這就是槓桿的概念,即投入的越多,你得到的回報也越多。在最開始的時候,你就是那個在做傳單的人。
    然後你就能獲得槓桿,因為你從那些傳單上賺取的收入足夠讓你檢視你的時間配置,然後說,「好吧,我可以雇兩個人來做這些傳單,這樣我可以節省八個小時的時間。」這太棒了。但現在有兩個人在做傳單,這仍然是你之前工作量的兩倍。現在,你的收入也翻倍了,想,「好吧,我應該繼續雇更多的人嗎?那會更多,或者我應該做一些更好的事情?我該改變我的傳單嗎?我該改變傳單上的優惠嗎?那樣會更好。還是我應該開始做 Facebook 廣告?」好吧,新鮮事物,如果是 Facebook 廣告,那是 10%的策略。當你考慮資源配置時,假設我們現在稍微快轉到一個擁有利潤的公司,這樣它就能做一些事情。再投資的一部分是為未來提供保險。因此,每個企業都必須將資源分配到三個戰略類別中。第一個是我們如何獲得更多的客戶?因為如果我們獲得更多的客戶,公司的增長就是理所當然的。第二個是我們如何提高每個客戶的終身毛利?所以如果我們有相同數量的客戶,但我們讓每個客戶的價值更高,我們也會增長。第三個類別是我們如何減少風險,即我們如何增加第一和第二件事情不會停止發生的可能性?所以這就是三個類別。因此,當你看到那 70, 20, 10 的時候,70% 在很大程度上通常會指向獲得更多客戶和讓他們更有價值。更好的一點也可以提升到這個目標。風險因素通常就是你將要做的新事物,以確保未來在你抵達時仍然存在。因此,如果你注意到,比如說 YouTube 變成像傳統電視那樣,觀看人數開始下降,然後成為這個新的虛擬實境,不管怎樣,對吧?在某個時刻,我們將需要考慮,「我們需要每年拿出 10% 或 20% 的利潤,開始建立這個新團隊。」我們會持續做我們目前正在做的事情。這裡有一個你需要避免的錯誤。不要把那些讓一個事情運作的明星推到別的事情上。你必須找到能夠建立這個的人成員。否則,你會犧牲核心,因為突然之間就會出現,「哦,天啊,我們現在完全糟糕了,因為現在我們沒有從我們的現有業務裡獲得客戶,並且還沒有弄清楚新的東西,對吧?」所以,這就是我看到 CEO 角色的根本所在,你希望最終成為那個靈活的角色,也就是說你可以隨時駕馭進入某個特定部門或部門,解決一個複雜的問題。你作為 CEO 或創始人的優勢就是你擁有決策權力,並且可以分配資源,馬上對事情說「是」。這就是為什麼,說實話,對你的團隊不公平。「為什麼他們不能像我一樣快地做事情?」嗯,因為你可以簽支票,因為你可以說「是」,你不需要和委員會核對。你不需要傳遞到旗幟上去。這只是你說,「做這個,做那個,別擔心那個。我告訴你,你可以延遲參加這個會議。這更重要。」所以戰略只是一個別人用來表達「優先事項」的華麗詞語。這就是它的意義。我們有無限的機會可以讓事情運作,但我們的資源有限。因此,我們如何將這些無限的機會與有限的資源進行優先排序?這從根本上是戰略的意義。這另一種說法就是我們進行優先排序。我們的直覺和你的直覺是我們消化的所在地。它也是通向更健康的門戶,但有時很難知道裡面發生了什麼事情。贊助這個播客的 Zoe 擁有地球上最大的微生物組數據庫之一,以及世界上最先進的居家腸道健康測試之一。它的血糖傳感器,我面前這個盒子裡面的是放在你手臂上的,讓你可以看到不同食物對你血糖的影響。然後是居家血樣,這非常簡單,分析你體內的血脂。當然,還有著名的藍色 Zoe 餅乾,可以測試你的新陳代謝。哦,我還不能忘記,還有一個糞便樣本,這是了解你的微生物組健康的重要一步。你將所有的樣本寄回 Zoe,你會收到結果,幫助你了解你身體對不同食物的反應。根據你的結果,Zoe 的應用程式還會為你創建一個個性化的營養計劃。這正是我為什麼會投資於這個業務的原因。因此,我想問你的是,你的腸道有多健康?前去 Zoe.com訂購你的測試包,並找出來。因為你是我們的聽眾之一,使用代碼 Bartlett 10 可以享受 10%的會員折扣。立即前往 Zoe.com。我們的公司 Flight Studio 是我更大公司 Flight Group 的一部分。我們不斷尋找與我們的觀眾建立更深層的聯繫的方式,無論是新節目、產品還是專案。這就是為什麼我推出了對話卡。我以前一直依賴於 Shopify,它是今天播客的贊助商。對我來說,設立一個能夠接觸到各位的線上商店是多麼容易,我將再次使用它們來進行即將到來的大型發佈,這很快就會告訴大家。不管你的業務大小,Shopify 都擁有讓你的業務邁向下一個層次並更好地與全球客戶聯繫所需的一切。為了向所有聽眾道謝,我們提供試用,僅需每月 $1。你可以通過訪問 Shopify.com/Bartlett 註冊。
    這是 Shopify.com/Bartlett,或者在下面的描述中找到連結。
    在你談到的有關傳單的汽車範例中,我在想,許多企業嘗試在創意的遊戲中獲勝。
    因此,我們將創造一些更具創意和吸引力的廣告。
    我在我的作品集中看到這一點,因為他們會發送給我一些東西,然後說,「史蒂夫,我正在考慮一個特定的業務。」
    一家大型全國性超市在400家超市中給了我們一個展示位。該使用哪個展示?
    他們會問我,「這個還是這個?」
    我記得我對他們說,「我不知道,而你也不知道,但這裡有系統可以找出答案。
    我們將創建100個展示,並將廣告投放到Facebook上,或者我們將創造某種環境,在那裡我們不會試著贏得最佳創意的猜測。
    我們將在實驗的速率上獲勝。
    我們將進行更多的實驗。
    我認為這在很多方面都是一個真正的轉變,特別是如果我們已經上過大學,並且我們被培訓為文案撰寫者,我們就會面臨一個老問題——想要正確,而不是成功。
    作為一名創意者,甚至作為播客主持人,能夠說,「我不知道正確答案是什麼,但我將創建一個系統,我們的實驗速率將遠高於競爭對手,因此我們將比他們更容易偶然找到正確答案,」這是一種思維的轉變。
    所以有兩種類型的問題你不應該問。
    可以用電子表格解決的問題和可以通過測試解決的問題。
    因此,從根本上講,對於可以用數學解決的事情,外部的建議就用數學解決。
    我會說,大約30%的問題是「我應該賣這個還是那個?」
    我會說,「好吧,這個產品的終身價值是多少,這個產品的終身價值又是多少?
    好吧。
    這位客戶的獲客成本是多少?
    那位客戶的獲客成本是多少?
    好吧。
    這是一個數學問題。
    我們在這裡的終身價值與獲客比率高得多,資源應該分配在這裡,但這是一個數學問題。
    任何人都可以做這個數學。
    對於測試的部分,我非常喜歡這個,所以像《Leeds》這本書,我不知道怎麼命名。
    所以這本書是關於廣告的。
    所以我進行了大約一到兩週的故事測試,只說「1億美元的促銷,1億美元的廣告」,然後是廣告。
    是的,「1億美元的廣告,1億美元的行銷。」
    好吧。
    然後廣告獲勝。
    我會說,「好吧。
    1億美元的廣告,1億美元的潛在客戶。
    潛在客戶獲勝。
    1億美元的潛在客戶對比其他兩個東西。
    潛在客戶不斷獲勝。
    好吧。
    然後我對封面做了同樣的事情。
    我對副標題也做了同樣的事情。
    所以我測試了每一個組件,以獲得人們似乎想要的東西,那就是書的主題是廣告,但諷刺的是,人們想要的是潛在客戶。
    所以這就像是,我是想寫一本關於鑽孔的書,還是寫一本關於孔的書?
    對吧?
    人們想要牆上的孔,而不是鑽孔。
    那只是工具而已。
    所以這本書只是一個獲取潛在客戶的工具。
    但對於任何擁有實體商業的人來說,這對任何人來說都是一個快速的技巧。
    如果你在想,「我應該擴張到哪個市場?
    這裡有五個我們正在考慮的市場。
    拿出1000美元。
    在這五個市場中,運行你在目前市場上最有效的促銷活動。
    看看在這五個市場中,潛在客戶的成本是多少。
    那個潛在客戶成本最低的市場,然後在那個市場開店。
    不要花25萬美元做所有這些研究,再建立這個位置,最後卻發現那個地區的潛在客戶成本很糟糕。
    先測試一下。
    這是你花的最好5000美元或10000美元,只是為了確保這是一個風險箱,確保當你到了那裡,這會工作。
    我的意思是,阿門。
    這是我們整個哲學,所以聽到這令人非常高興。
    我沒有意識到你在書中做了這件事。
    哦,是的。
    在我說「你必須包裝一切」的那一章中,我有提到過。
    我展示了我進行的所有測試,我說,「你可以看到所有人認為這是書名的百分比。
    當人們看著你,亞歷克斯,你是一個知道很多事情的人。
    我經常得到的問題之一是,「我需要一個導師。
    所有孩子都會來對你說,‘我肯定他們經常這樣對你說。你願意成為我的導師嗎?’」
    是的。
    導師重要嗎?
    我會解釋我的思考。
    所以要回答這個問題,我認為它問的是,「贏得比賽需要什麼?」
    那麼,是否需要導師呢?
    不需要。
    但有一些行為和行動會增加成功的可能性。
    如果你能更快地執行這些行動,那麼你贏的可能性會更高,贏的速度也會更快。
    整個人類的文明都是建立在我們站在祖先的肩膀上,汲取他們所學的知識上。
    我們不必去弄清楚燈泡是怎麼工作的。
    我不知道互聯網是怎麼運作的,但我知道它運作得很好。
    總會有某個人能弄清楚。
    所以我們就從他們放下接力棒的地方開始,然後我們從那裡接過來,然後我們推進下一座塔,然後再死亡,然後找到下一個人。
    我認為你不需要導師,但你需要向那些你前面的人學習。
    因此,我認為我們應該學習他們的模型,而不是導師,我可以從他們的行為中模擬出什麼,使得我的行為改變,以增加我更快獲勝的可能性?
    所以我做的所有事情,我覺得這是一個相當強烈的說法,我所做的一切都與行為有關。
    所以你可能會注意到,當我談論訓練和員工時。
    當我談論廣告時,我只是想增加一個陌生人採取所期望行動的可能性。這就是我努力的全部目的。而當我們進入行為改變時,這就去除了很多我認為困惑大多數人的表面浮華。因此,我總是害怕參加一些專注於顯化、能量和頻率等話題的播客。他們會說像「我顯化了這次會議」這樣的話,而我會想,你沒有,你的內容之所以能夠成功,是因為你定期發布內容。然後你的執行助理聯繫了我的執行助理,那次聯繫才是真正促成這次會議的原因,而不是你發出的任何宇宙氛圍。現在有些人可能會說,「是啊,也是氛圍」,但我打賭,如果他們生成了內容並且進行了聯繫,我還是會這樣做,這意味著這些才是核心因素,因為如果我們去掉了那些,如果我們只是進行了顯化而沒有製作內容或聯繫,我就不會在這裡。所以其中一個有效,另一個則無效。因此,這讓我試圖提取那些在我面前的導師或英雄的精髓。我消耗了大量有關埃隆·馬斯克、貝佐斯、扎克伯格的資料,任何他們發出的或者接受訪問的內容,我都會盡量去看。整個目標是,我想思考他們的決策過程,並將其應用到我的上下文中,特別是在行為方面。因此,這就是我需要導師的問題——不需要,但你需要學習東西。所以,無論哪種方式是你學習的最快方法,就去做。我要講這個故事,因為我覺得它可以回答「你需要導師嗎?」這個問題。不是的,沒有人需要導師。你完全可以通過自己的試錯來做這些事情,你會找到出路。時間顯然是一個很大的問號。我認為部分問題在於你的時間對你來說有多重要?不是在微觀的例子,而是我會花多少時間或金錢來提前五年前進,避免五年的錯誤?
    所以當我開始我的第一家健身房時,我實際上並不是因為辭掉工作而開設健身房的。我駕車穿越全國,來到一個我在互聯網上查找的男人的家,他說他擅長經營健身房。他的名字叫「七位數的山姆」。他是一位健身導師。所以我毫無預告地出現在他的健身房裡,我說:「嘿,我來這裡是為了得到指導和學習。」他說:「我正在工作,我真的不知道你是誰,也許我們明天再談。」我說:「好的。」他問:「你住在哪裡?」我回答:「我不知道,我還沒決定。」他說:「你是什麼意思?」我說:「那是我的車,我剛開這裡,所有的東西都在裡面。」他問:「你沒有地方可去嗎?」我回答:「我到這裡的時候才決定。」所以他邀請我當晚住在他家,這是非常慷慨的,或許我的推銷技巧讓他這麼做,誰知道呢。但幾週之內,他召集了所有跟隨他小系統的健身房的聚會,教他如何經營個人訓練工作室和健身營。我作為一名22歲的年輕人去參加了這個聚會,我付費獲得了進入這個健身房所有者社群的機會。他們輪流討論業務中的好與壞。當輪到我時,我說:「好吧,我想開一家新場所,這是我對於模式的想法,這是我對價格的考慮。」他們告訴我:「錯了,錯了,這就是原因,這樣行不通;這就是原因,這樣也行不通。」我就:「哦,好的,那我打算在哪裡購買設備。」他們說:「別在那裡買,那是零售,你可以在這裡二手購買,價格只有十分之一。」我說:「哦,太棒了,好的。」接著我又說:「好吧,我考慮過購入這類東西。」他們說:「不,女孩們在那上面會掉下來,我看到兩個女孩這樣做,別擔心,你不會使用的。」但你可以使用沙袋,經常用它們,便宜得驚人,如果你需要替換,也可以隨時更換。這也可以用於數百種鍛煉。我說:「很好,我會這樣做。」然後我接著說:「好吧,我在考慮我設施的面積。」他們說:「兄弟,你不需要那麼多,你可以減半。」我說:「好的,我在應用程式裡更新了這個。」我問:「我願意支付兩塊錢每平方英尺?」他們說:「不,我們要超過150。」我從這些人在他們的健身房中犯的錯誤中獲得了所有知識,正是在他們的基礎上開始了我的第一家健身房。所以這對我來說值多少?數年。因此,對我來說,我一直願意以任何需要的貨幣支付,來獲取我不知道的知識。你現在可以免費獲得這些知識嗎?可以。那時根本不存在這些東西。YouTube甚至還不存在,Instagram剛剛出現。對於所有收聽這段話的人,給你們提供一些背景。我經常思考這個方程式。我確實有一些人取笑我的視頻,無論如何我還是要說,因為我不會稀釋自己的觀點。我在一次會議上看到一位銷售員這麼說,他在白板上寫下100萬。他叫了一位觀眾中的女士上來,他問:「你每年賺多少?」她說:「5萬美元一年。」所以她在100萬的下面寫上了5萬,然後他減去,顯示出95萬。他說:「每年你花費的代價是95萬。」
    你不知道如何每年賺一百萬美元。問題是,那項技能的價值是什麼?答案是差異。因此,最早回應這個問題的那位網路巨魔說:「那你可以繼續。同樣的道理,年收入一億美元或十億美元呢?」我回應說:「是的,如果你擁有每年賺十億美元的技能,那麼五萬美元和十億美元之間的差距就是那項技能的價值。」而且這真的不只是一項技能,而是許多技能的綜合,當它們結合在一起時便能創造出那種價值。我記得這句話深深印在我心中,就是不論我想達成什麼,我目前所在的位置和那個目標之間的差距基本上就是我願意犧牲的東西,以便學習我需要學習的東西,去達到那個目標。我認為,如果人們不以他們口袋裡的錢或目前擁有的時間來評估那個差距,而是以他們能賺多少錢或擁有多少時間來評估,還有這對他們來說的價值,那麼更多的人將會願意投資於自己的教育。而且「教育」這個詞彷彿是個禁忌,因為人們討厭這個詞,感覺「哦,這好像是工作,但如果你想當企業家,或是必須學習。」有太多東西需要學習。鸚鵡與實踐者——這是我多年來經常思考的話題,因為我看著像你這樣的人,可以從你今天所說的一切中看出你是個實踐者。在這個比喻中,我所謂的鸚鵡,是指那些聽到某人說話後就開始模仿他們的人,但你的教訓和智慧來自於你自己走過的那段艱辛的路,能夠像理查德·弗瑞曼一樣提煉出精華並分享出來。有一群人終其一生只是閱讀書籍,並在社交媒體上發表自己的想法等等,他們從不敢跳出舒適圈。鸚鵡與實踐者是學習實踐者的最佳途徑。這在教育領域廣為人知,但在內容領域卻相對較少,有兩種類型的教育。一種是程序性知識,另一種是陳述性知識。陳述性知識是知道某件事情,而程序性知識是知道如何做某件事情。比如說,「好吧,我明白私募股權是怎麼運作的。」你可以談論它,可以解釋「好吧,他們借了一些債務,然後進行套利,獲得這個企業價值倍數」,但你卻從未進行過交易。直到你進行了一宗交易,你才會掌握實際進行交易的程序性知識。因此,你可以讀一百本關於銷售的書,但實際上從你第一次進行銷售電話的過程中學到的東西會比這些書籍要多。而商業也是一樣,沒錯。所以,我認為對於大多數人來說,如果你想快速學習,你就想要以最快的速度完成那一百次重複,這樣你可以一次性犯一百次錯,然後找到那十個表現最好的,然後問自己,「下一次我如何能表現得更好?」然後你不斷地這樣做,直到最終你表現得足夠好,實際上成為了高手。艱苦的工作。沒錯。我認為這其實是非常有趣的,因為這與其他兩種類型的創作者有關。你既有娛樂者,也有教育者,至少這是我分辨的方式。娛樂的目的是維持觀眾的注意力,就這樣而已。娛樂者的目的是讓人們持續觀看。教育者的目的則是改變某人的行為。因此,如果你想讓內容在這兩個類別中表現良好,基本上(至少在教育領域)你就是在出售時間。所以教育就是,我花了這麼多時間做這件事來學習這四件事情,然後可以把這些知識給你,讓你不必花這麼多時間去學習。而教育說得更直接,就是你在購買時間。因此,購買教育是唯一能夠實際買到時間的方式。如果你想快速進入未來,你必須購買教育,這樣你可以從所有這些人的人生經歷中獲得知識,而不需要在你自己的生活中為此付出代價。你通過學習他們的經驗,或者用錢,或者這兩者的某種組合來支付。從根本上講,我們通常是以我們最不重視的貨幣來支付。有趣的是,富人比起金錢,更看重自己的時間,因此他們願意用金錢來換取時間。貧窮的人同樣也會支付自己的時間,並且開車去十個不同的加油站,以找到那個便宜十美分的油,或者開車去十個不同的超市,使用他們的優惠券,因為在那一時刻他們更看重節省時間而不是金錢。因此,回到教育者的問題。如果你想對任何事情保持一定的肯定或者有信心,你必須從事足夠的活動量,以至於你表現得不佳的可能性不合理。如果你要寫出這樣的公式,比如說,我需要進行多少次公開演講,才會讓我表現不佳的可能性變得不合理?是10次?是100次?還是一千次?寫下你認為「在這個數字之前不可能表現不佳」的數字。隨後,所有的精力都應該非常集中,消除其他選擇,而專注於此事。關鍵不僅是做一千次,而是在每10次或每20次之後,找出最好的10%或20%,反思自己那時做得好的地方。因為你必須有這個反饋循環。否則,這不僅僅是做100次的接觸,還必須做100次接觸後,去看哪些工作有效,再多做那些有效的事情。
    因此,對於父母和實踐者來說,即使你是剛開始,也能對自己所做的事情有信心,因為你是從根本上得出了這個解決方案。而且你可以真正回答為什麼你會這樣做。如果你無法解釋你為何相信自己相信的事,那就不是你的信念,而是別人的。因此,我會說大多數人都是在重複他們所說的話,因為,公平地說,這就是人類學習的方式。你五歲的時候,問:“那是什麼?”他們回答:“碗。”然後你說:“碗。”你反覆練習,然後就明白了。
    但在技能上,你可以描述其他人以前說過的話,但如果出現問題,或者在特定條件下發生變化,你將不知道該怎麼做。然而,如果你是從頭開始得出的,那麼在Y Combinator社群或矽谷社群中有相當一部分人可能聽過,可能在三、四個月前,這裡出現了創始人模式,這是不是到了英國?實際上是來自Brian Chesky的一條訊息,之後我也跟他提過。哦,是的,那真的很酷,對吧?
    所以基本上原則是,創始人在公司中總是擁有特殊的權力,因為你知道怎麼建立它。因此,這就是實踐者與重複者之間的根本區別。那些後來出現的人只是反覆你為什麼這樣做的原因,但你了解自己在制定此規則時所處的條件。同時,你也知道如何打破這些規則以及何時彎曲它們。
    因此,如果你建立了一些東西,當你從這些重複中提煉出少數幾個真理時,你將知道這些為什麼是事實。舉一個真的很簡單的例子。我們在學習YouTube的過程中隨著時間的推移變得越來越好。但在開始的時候,我進行了一次大規模的回顧,發現我們的視頻如果在開頭有三個要素——證據、承諾、計劃——的話,表現會最好。於是我們立刻說,好吧,所有視頻的前30秒必須有證據、承諾和計劃,太好了。
    於是我們開始這樣做了一段時間,然後在這些視頻中查看異常情況,發現那些表現真的很好的一些視頻,還有某種視覺畫面來輔助這個計劃。所以它變成了證據、承諾、計劃和畫面。然後我們繼續觀察,發現如果我們還包含某種痛點或正在解決的問題,表現也會更好。所以變成了證據、承諾、計劃、畫面和痛點。
    於是你會說,等等,如果你不斷地添加這些內容,它會變得非常冗長。不,有時你可以用一件事同時滿足多個要求,這就成了創造的優雅。你可以如何用一句話勾勒出這三個要素?這是,如果你在想這些事情,他們在製作視頻時真的會考慮這些嗎?是的。這就是一個有10,000次觀看的視頻和一個有1,000,000次觀看的視頻之間的差別。理解這整個過程中的微妙之處就會創造專業知識。
    當你開始時,哦,這個視頻失敗了,這時你會想,這些視頻一般都不行,或者內容不行,而不是說這個視頻不行,這是為什麼,因為我們只做了五項中的三項。因此,所有的,這是一個細節中的魔鬼,你只有通過做大量的工作才能遇見魔鬼,然後這一切就會從不知情的無知轉變為知情的樂觀,因為最初你會想,我可以做視頻變得富有。然後你意識到,製作觀眾願意看的視頻真的很難。最後,你開始發展出一套框架,這就是我如何製作觀眾願意看的視頻。如果他們不喜歡,那是因為我沒有遵循這套框架。
    這真的很及時,因為它和你之前所說的有關,因為我的女朋友昨天來錄音的時候。我進入化妝室坐下,她說,親愛的,看看我找到了這個新應用。我問她是什麼,她回答,這是一個總結書籍的應用。她說這個應用叫某種“head”的名字。她給我展示了,我就說,看看我的書。因為我了解法律,我知道章節,我知道所有的原則。然後她展示了我的書,而我書中的第二條法律是33條法律。而第二條法律正是你提到的Richard Feynman技術。我解釋了學習某個東西的過程,即簡化到10歲孩子能理解的本質,教給別人,如果他們能理解就往下走,如果不懂就回到頂部重新學習。這總結了我書的第二條法律,也就是“寫作是學習的最佳方式”。
    我告訴她,親愛的,如果你只是讀了那個摘要,金字塔的頂部,卻沒有故事和所有這些可接受的基礎,那麼你是否能夠轉換並真正理解問題的本質,這樣你就能將其應用於許多不同的情況等等。然後我告訴她,我書中第二條法律的真正含義。她刪了那個應用,因為知道結論是沒有意義的。
    那些格言吧。是的,就像是一個笑話的結尾。當你不知道故事時,缺少故事,你就無法。我想說,無法達到事物的基本原則。所以這真的很有趣,因為關於Feynman的例子,證明了知識的提煉不是雙向的。Richard Feynman可以將其簡化到小孩能理解的程度,但小孩卻無法重新推導出Feynman所做的事情。有趣。
    所以,這其實對於溝通的傳遞以及教導新來的人進入組織是很方便的。這裡有一些東西,這些東西能夠提供決策的框架,並能給予你方向性的指導,但這就是整個創始人的模式。這個人就是這樣衍生出這個東西的。因此,當問題出現時,我們可以重新推導下一個解決方案,而不是試圖將格言應用到新的環境中。對於那些工作被抄襲的創始人來說,這一點特別重要,因為你剛才說的所有這些應該能讓那些工作被抄襲的創始人,無論是他們的 T 恤設計還是內容,都能感到非常安心。因為如果我需要知道成功之階梯的第一、二、三、四、五步才能預測第六步,那麼如果有人只是抄襲你的第五步,你應該完全安心,因為他們不知道通向下一步的基礎。這正是我們作為播客主持人所看到的現象。播客主持人會抄襲你,他們會抄襲你的縮圖、標題或者其他任何東西。老兄,我相信你到處都能看到這種情況。
    是的。老實說,我一直對團隊說,如果這就是讓我們特別的元素,那麼我們就完蛋了。就像如果是縮圖,或者這個或我們的做法,如果是預告片讓我們特別,那麼我們就完蛋了。但也有一套我們稱之為冰山的原則,我們所做的99%是看不見的。正如你所說的,那是文化。我在這方面有很多想法。就在我坐下來時,你告訴我我們播出的那一集節目,類似於《鯊魚坦克》,但我們在頻道上推出了新版本。你看我有點不知所措的樣子,這個視頻有56分鐘,但製作那樣的東西花了很多很多的工作,而沒有人看到背後所有的辛勤付出。這就是99%。所以讓我們想一想,下一件事是如果你是一名被競爭困擾的創始人,感到不安,我曾經也是這樣的。我想告訴你我是怎麼克服這個問題的。首先,考慮一下替代方案,也就是沒有人抄襲你,因為沒有人在乎你所做的事。那麼,成功的必要條件就是人們抄襲你。因此,只要你成功,這就是商業的一個部分。第二點是,根據定義,如果有人抄襲你,他們就是第二名,說到底就是這樣。所以如果你想要領導,你就不能去看其他人。你必須不斷推導出下一步,那一步是你前五步中看不見的第六步,而不是只是重複他人的下一步。當你發現自己在抄襲時,你已經承認了失敗。你承認自己不再是領導者,而只是跟隨在別人的腳步中,並把接力棒遞給他們,說,你成為那個冠軍吧。我對第二、第三、第五名感到滿意。在一個贏者通吃的世界裡,所有的果實都會流向第一名。阿門。
    阿門。我沒有更多要補充的了。最後,我想跟你談談這真的像是三個部分。它是艱辛的工作、愛和幸福。好的。我故意把它們放在一起。可以說是工作生活平衡、愛、幸福。我認為這些東西在根本上是相互交織的,但你是怎麼看待它的?你是一個被認為非常執著、非常投入工作的人,至少是這樣。你有一位似乎與你理念一致的美好伴侶。哦,太好了。她是個狠角色。那我們就開始吧。工作生活平衡/艱辛的工作、愛與幸福。好的。如果我們從工作生活平衡開始的話,那是個該死的問題。對它的看法是?是的。
    所以我會回答我的生活論點是怎麼得出的,這是在我們,你知道,在我們運行公司的這幾年中,從 Jim Launch 獲得了大約4000萬美元的分紅。然後在出售的那一年,對於那些從未出售過公司的你來說,你一般不想改變太多的事情。你希望公司能夠穩定運行,一切都很好。因此,這是經歷過的最艱難的經歷之一,因為你實際上無法改變任何事情。如果你是創始人,你總是想要創新。所以你不能做你通常在做的事情。你也不能開始新的事情,因為如果交易沒有完成,你不想開始兩個業務。記住,我們的基本法則是,我們不追逐穿紅色連衣裙的女人。因此,你基本上必須靜靜地呆著,讓事情運行。在那一年裡,這是我生活中最痛苦的年份之一,因為我基本上無事可做。當我回顧我的生活,聽起來好像,我回顧我的生活就像已經過了這麼久。我看到了那些我最享受的日子。在那些日子裡,我都運動過,也有產出,並且和我喜歡的人一起完成這兩件事情。幾乎所有的那些日子,我都工作了很多很多的時間。當我意識到努力工作的想法是為了能夠插入某種空白,也就是“所以”這個詞其實依然是以目的為驅動。那時我衍生出我所謂的“努力工作就是目標”。努力工作是我的目標。然後,為值得做的事而奮鬥。我喜歡那些日子。我對於這樣的說法收到了巨大的反對意見。這讓很多人感到困擾。而對他們,我說,過你想要的生活。再說一次,我的生活不是講道,而是紀錄片。這只是我的做法。
    你可以隨心所欲地做任何事情。
    對於那些不滿意的人,試試看吧。
    如果不行,也沒關係。
    我真的很享受這樣工作,最美好的日子就是我寫那些書的時候,那是我最快樂的時刻。
    當下並不快樂,因為這真的很艱難。
    但挑戰的程度與我的技能水平成正比。
    我每本書都認為比上一部更好。
    而即將推出的第三本書將會非常棒。
    我對此感到非常興奮。
    但沒有什麼比這更讓我享受。
    在那個時刻,我會想,如何將這個拆解?
    我只是揉著額頭,然後我,然後我創造了兩三個不同的框架。
    我會想,不,這在這里不起作用,這在這里也不起作用,這意味著某個阿富汗的小孩會在這一步上卡住,因為它不起作用。
    我必須想辦法讓它在任何地方都能運行。
    我不斷推導。
    但當時刻來臨,當我覺得那一點“就是這個”時,我會說,來挑戰我。
    這就是框架。
    這是我所追求的。
    對我來說,愛、快樂與工作因為我的生活方式,已經融為一體。
    現在,有些人過著愛情、快樂與工作都是分開的生活。
    對我而言,這就是生活。
    我喜歡這樣。
    對於那些對此感到不安的人,我並不介意你如何生活。
    我只是選擇這樣生活。
    如果將來我改變主意,我會改變我的生活。
    如果我達到一個點,覺得這不再是我的優先事項,有其他東西是,那我會。
    但當我看著百歲老人,看著那些像沃倫·巴菲特和查理·芒格這樣的英雄時,查理在他去世的那一天仍在工作。
    為了澄清,我不按七天的日曆工作。
    我也不規定工作多少小時。
    我工作到我感覺我的產出率因疲勞驟然下降為止。
    然後我去睡覺。
    如果我在較長的時間範圍內感覺到,也許我連續工作了九天、二十天或三十天,然後覺得“好吧,我今天感覺沒有力氣”,那我會整天休息。
    無論是星期二、星期日還是星期六,我都會休息,這就是事實。
    我學會了這樣工作,我對此感到滿意。
    因此,對你來說,顯然工作的本身是比某個特定的目標更重要的。
    因為那個目標總是在移動。
    所以,傑西·伊茲勒有這個,或許我某天能從他那裡偷到。
    但他曾展示過他孩子賽跑結束後,舉起零的照片。
    這代表著他已經把所有的精力都投入到比賽中。
    我有一個畫面,記得電影《300壯士》的那個場景,皇后對國王說:“帶著你的盾回來,或者死在上面。”
    我就是這樣看待我的工作。
    我無法想像比做我熱愛的事情更好的結局。
    很多人對我熱愛與他們不同的東西感到困擾。
    坦白說,這讓我真的很困擾。
    因為我不對別人的人生做任何預測,隨心所欲地做你想做的。
    我覺得,如果我有一樣東西是人們從我這裡得到的,那便是絕對的自由。
    正因為這種絕對的自由,我們對自己的生活承擔百分之百的責任。
    因此,責怪的手指放到哪裡,權力就流向哪裡。
    如果你責怪你的父母生活不如意,那麼你的父母就擁有你的生活的權力。
    如果你責怪你的上司讓你的生活變糟,那麼你的上司就擁有你的生活的權力。
    如果你責怪自己生活不如意,那麼至少你可以改變自己,你可以做些什麼。
    因此,我認為,絕對的責任是我信奉的核心原則。
    如果你過著一種生活,覺得我不想那麼在乎工作,我只想把所有時間花在家人身上。
    恭喜你,你真的贏了,這太棒了。
    只是不要以為每個人都跟你一樣。
    即使對我而言,獲勝的定義和對你來說的獲勝是相同的。
    我知道,當我談論這些時,我的訊息不會引起所有人的共鳴。
    這是可以的。
    但這是為那些像我一樣,感覺每個人都告訴他們有什麼問題的人而說的。
    我仍然會有很多人告訴我有什麼問題。
    如果錯誤意味著不正常,那我承認。
    但更重要的是,你是不同的,這沒關係。
    我認為,如果你能接受這一點,那麼就在此時釋放了整個新可能性,讓你能夠做你想做的事情。
    就像我有過的那樣,你做100個這樣的工作,然後看看前10%的人,再做100個這樣的,再看看前10%的人。
    這是我嘗試將快樂具體化的一種方式,因為這是一個無形的東西,在我18、19、20、21、22歲的時候,我跟它鬥爭過了很多,曾非常沮喪。
    我研究了宗教,還有很多不同的東西。
    這在那個年齡段的人中是很常見的。
    我為自己提出了一個口號,那就是“去他媽的快樂”。
    現在大家聽到這句話,肯定會理解錯誤。
    但這對我來說是釋放的一刻,因為不斷追求快樂,總是位於我內心之外。
    因此,它總是懸在我面前的胡蘿蔔,我無法真正獲得。
    因此,說“去他媽的快樂”,我想說,這是不可獲得的。
    我只想工作,我只想做我想做的事情。
    當我開始做我想做的事情時,幾年後我抬頭一看,發現我其實有點喜歡我的生活。
    我會想,這就是快樂嗎?
    我不確定。
    但是我認為人類的一大困境,包括我自己在內,就是期待生活應該與現在不同。
    因此我們創造了這樣的想法,認為我們目前擁有的並不是應該有的。
    我認為「應該」是所有痛苦的根源,因為我們認為應該發生的事情卻沒有發生,這基本上就是我們痛苦的衡量標準。
    所以我一直在努力根除自己生活中的「應該」,根除對他人的「應該」。
    她應該這樣做。
    他們應該那樣做。
    而是接受「就是這樣」。
    事情就是這樣。
    我工作,就是如此。
    而不是「我應該多工作」、「我應該少工作」、「我應該以不同的方式工作」、「我應該多見媽媽」、「我應該多打電話給爸爸」。
    我就是這樣做的。
    如果情況有所改變,我也會改變。
    所以沒有無條件的「應該」。
    現在如果有條件,比如說,如果你想賺更多錢,那麼你可能會考慮這樣做,那些我不會歸類到這一類。
    但那些普遍的「應該」,比如說,他不應該那樣做,他應該建立家庭,他應該有孩子,他應該早點結婚,他應該晚點結婚,他應該嫁給不同的人,他不應該過著現在的生活,他不應該這樣工作,根據什麼呢?
    對我而言,這就是我對生活、幸福、工作和愛的理論,這些都非常統一。
    因為我如此喜愛我的工作,以至於我結束了一段關係。
    當我開始約會萊拉時,我說,我不願意改變這一點。所以你必須願意接受我這樣工作,否則這段關係就無法持續。
    因為我與工作之間的關係是我擁有的最滿意的關係。
    現在人們聽到這些話可能會想,那是因為他從未體驗過真愛等等,但這些敘述不重要,因為你沒有生活在我的人生中,我也沒有生活在你的生命裡,我不會把任何東西投射到你身上。
    但我喜歡,我熱愛我所做的事情。
    我因為喜歡我所做的事情而受到攻擊。我非常喜歡工作,這是因為他們對這個詞有負面的聯想,而那是他們自己的歷史和經驗。
    但我把自己的目標和我與目標之間的關係視為我擁有的最神聖的事物之一,因為我看待它們就像與我自己的關係一樣。
    所以那些代理當有人來說,嘿,你知道,親愛的,你工作太多了,根據什麼呢?我為什麼要停止?
    對吧。
    現在我們來做這件其他的事情,人們可能會把這看作是,他們會給它貼上各種標籤,但我只是說,這是我想要用我的生活做的事情。
    如果你能融入其中,那會非常棒。
    在與萊拉的第二次約會中,在我們第一次約會時聊了四個小時的商業後,我說,我會整天工作,如果你能和我一起工作就太好了。
    她就在我旁邊工作。
    她有自己的事,但她就在我旁邊工作,我覺得這樣很好。
    隨著時間的推移,最終我們彼此之間討論的是我們共同創造的東西。
    對我來說,這是我人生的旅程,而且這真是驚人。
    我不是說這對每個人都有效。
    我認為這對大多數人來説可能行不通,但這對我來得非常好。
    對我來說,我的道路與大多數人的不同是合乎情理的,因為我並不像大多數人那樣行事。
    所以我必須有一個不同的公式,來從自己的生活中獲得意義或快樂。
    因為我不相信內在的意義,只有我們選擇賦予事物的意義,因此創造這種意義的責任就落在我身上。
    所以 acquisition.com 的成立完全基於這一點,那是在我幾乎無所事事的一年裡,當時我在思考,我想用我的生活做些什麼,因為我不需要再工作了。
    那時候,我們在出售之前已經獲得了 40 顆,然後我們顯然進行了出售。所以說,我不需要工作,
    我喜歡工作。
    我試著花時間,看看。你知道,我有一位老闆告訴我這些,她是我以這種方式看待生活的催化劑之一。
    她說,我剛度過了一個愉快的週末,我進來的時候非常高興。
    她說,你一定度過了個好週末。
    我說,是的,的確不錯。
    她說這只是隨口一提,她說,我很確定,幸福的關鍵是連續過盡可能多的這樣的日子。
    這實際上是非常可操作的,我可以,像是,我可以利用這個,好的日子是什麼?我怎樣才能連續過這樣的日子。
    所以我一直受到攻擊,因為我說我其實不太喜歡去度假。
    因為我只想回到我真正喜歡做的事情上。
    我記得今年萊拉和我去墨西哥旅遊了一週。
    而且總是在聖誕節的那一週,因為沒有人工作,這讓我很瘋狂。
    我已經放棄了試圖讓所有人工作,因為即使我的團隊會工作,因為他們也瘋狂,其他團隊也想暫停。
    所以在我們那裡的時候,我得出來的結論是,這對其他人而言,而非我,而那也沒關係。
    一開始我們談論的時候——
    所以那是長期的結果?
    不。
    那很美。
    因為這樣,所以從中我們可以得到幾個要點,但早些時候我們談到成為一個出色的內容創作者是擁有勇氣做自己的一個副產品。而從這一點出發,你剛才所說的一切——我看到了那個表情——是的。所有相似的事物,快樂也是需要同樣的東西,那就是做自己的勇氣。在之前的類比中你提到,每個人都是獨一無二的,這就是他們在行銷或任何產品展示中所擁有的價值。但是當我想到亞歷克斯的故事、你的故事以及你和你父親所經歷的一切,以及那間顧問公司、健身房和你工作的毛皮店時,從第一原則來看,讓你快樂的事情——對,因為你是完全獨特的,這必將與每個人完全不同。對,這會根據你對早期經歷的定義程度而有所不同,但我實際上認為我們談到了做自己勇氣的問題。還有做幸福的勇氣。而擁有做幸福的勇氣,你需要抵抗公共壓力,抵抗來自父母的「應該」以及社交媒體上的各種影響,特別是當你成為一個更大的創作者時,要真的傾聽自己每天的感受。
    我可以講一件我覺得可能有啟發性的事情嗎?這件事讓我震驚。所以在大約同一時間段,我因為想要了解這個問題而和所有人交談。所以我打電話給我的一位朋友,或者說不算朋友,更像是一位因為他出售公司賺取了數億美元而認識的熟人,他是一位非常聰明的人。我問他的一個問題是:「你是怎麼從生活中獲得意義的?」他的回答真的讓我震驚,這次震驚不多見,因為我的世界觀。他說:「你為什麼認為生活需要有意義?」這是一個非常有趣的問題,基本上是在說我對宇宙有一種不言而喻的要求。生活應該是有意義的。我應該是快樂的。因此,這些「應該」是我們甚至不知道自己在想什麼的要求,而這些要求正是最能改變我們的東西,像是非常根本的。所以我最喜歡的一句名言,可能會在我擁有的一些書的封面上,也可能是我的墓碑上的一句話,是奧爾森·斯科特·卡德的一句話的變體:「我們質疑所有的信念,除了那些我們真正相信的和那些我們從未想到要質疑的信念。」因此我會說,我的創業生涯,甚至整個人生旅程的很多部分都是,什麼是我如此根深蒂固相信卻完全看不見的信念?我甚至不去思考那些「應該」。所以當他這麼對我說的時候,我就想,「哇,我對宇宙有這樣的根本需求,希望我的生活是有意義的。」而現在人們聽到這些會覺得,「他們有他們的應該,然後他們會說,『這應該是有意義的。』」我會問,「為什麼?根據什麼?」如果我們看歷史,歷史幾乎會將每個人都掃進床下,在一百年內。而在千年內,幾乎每個人都是如此,那些我們還記得的人,我們記得他們的一些作品。如果我們推算到十萬年以後,或者一萬年以後,我們可能不太可能會被記住。這解決了我們需要再次被記住的想法。我們必須這樣做。為什麼?所以我的解決方案是追求自由度和責任。那我能控制的事情是什麼?我將竭盡所能去做我能控制的事情,以理想的方式改善他人的生活以及我自己的生活。現在,這是一種選擇,而不是我向宇宙提出的要求。這會變得非常抽象而且快速讓人失去頭緒。所以我會試著把我們帶回地面。但透過要求生活要有意義,要求我快樂,當我意識到我在要求這些事情並追求它們時,它們是在我之外的,這樣我就創造了無法填補的內在空間。因此,嘗試忘記或消除這種需求是我第一次經歷這些事情的唱片。所以我試著儘可能將它們遠離我的思想,以便我能夠融入它們,聽起來奇怪,而不是在追求它們。因此,在我生活中獲得最多快樂的時刻,如果我在追求這一點,我不一定會說我在優化快樂,我認為威廉森提到的像是,你一定是在優化目的或者意義之類的東西。我在很多方面都拒絕這一點,主要因為我是因為做了我過去獲得獎勵的事情而這樣做的。因此,因為我對這個世界的行為主義的看法,一切歸結於行為,為什麼我做這些事情?我做這些事情是因為當我在過去做過它們時,我喜歡結果。因此我繼續做那些我享受結果的事情。如果其他人做過令他們喜歡的事情,那麼我鼓勵他們繼續這樣做。我也鼓勵你不要預測其他人也需要這樣做,他們會經歷和你相同的結果,因為他們可能不會。亞歷克斯,謝謝你。哦,這是一個如此美麗的結尾。而且這是件非常有趣的事情,因為如果人們因此攻擊你,我只是想給出我自己的觀點,當我聽到你說這些關於不享受假期以及你和萊拉的關係如何的事情時,對我來說,雖然我可能不完全同意,但誠實地說,我大約能有95%同意。
    你告訴我你與眾不同的事實,讓我感到我無論有什麼不同都是可以被接受的。你知道我在說什麼嗎?我完全同意你的看法。因為當我聽到你這樣說時,我心中有一種驚訝,喔,我的天,亞歷克斯感覺他與普通人不同。我們可能並不完全相同,但我們都感到自己本質上不遵循規則,因而在某種程度上感覺生活出錯了,基於那種關於我們該如何生活的公共叙事。我想,真是太不可思議了。我記得看過你談論不喜歡去度假的視頻。你表現得完全著迷,而我心想,哦,我真高興他這麼說,因為在我心底的某個地方,我感到了一種罪惡感,一種罪惡感,我心裡想,這種罪惡感來自哪裡呢?對,我正在做的事情。我每天都熱愛這件事,但我感到內疚。嗯,我感到內疚是因為別人的期望,對吧?所以拜託你,亞歷克斯,儘管外面可能有批評者,請繼續勇敢做自己,因為你不知道這讓一群感覺不合適的怪胎有多麼被聽見和理解。這是我的想法,嗯,我為他們做的。我們在這個播客上有一個結尾傳統,正如你所知道的,最後一位嘉賓會為下一位嘉賓留一個問題,而那位嘉賓不知道他們是為誰留的。噢,天哪。我在笑,因為這太諷刺了。好吧,生命的意義是什麼?嗯,短的答案顯然是42,但我其實真的認為那是學習,因為如果我們考慮學習是什麼,就是你接觸到新的條件,隨著時間的推移改變你的行為。因此你現在與十年前的自己不同,因為你學到了更多的事情。如果我們考慮生命的意義為生命的產出,所以我真的很喜歡這一點。所以人們會談論,我當然可以將這與商業相關聯,我可以把生命的意義與商業相關聯,但商業的意義是什麼?商業的目的就是那個商業的產出。這就是意義。就是那個商業的產出。因此如果目標像埃隆一樣是去火星,那麼這個任務的產出就是人們會到達火星。這就是那個商業的意義。對我來說,生命的意義,對所有人類而言,就是經驗的產出是學習。因此無論我們想不想,我們都會學習。不論你喜不喜歡,所有事情都會發生,你都會學習。我想這就是我想說的。而問題是,你是否在學習你想要的東西?阿門。我強烈建議人們去看看你在YouTube頻道上推出的新格式。它的標題是“在56分鐘內為陌生人建立100萬美元的商業”。這有點像《鯊魚坦克》的新解釋,但它更具行動性,更具實用性。這就是你之前提到的。我知道你花了很多很多很多小時來完善它,但這是一個非常有趣的格式。我認為YouTube在尋找它,因為它如此具可操作性和實用性。我強烈推薦,我會在下面鏈接,但我也強烈建議人們去看看這些書籍。我是說,說它們是非常成功簡直就是一個巨大的低估。謝謝。我感覺到它無處不在。我認為這是任何創業者工具包的前提,當他們開始並試圖找到擴展業務、進行銷售、生成潛在客戶的框架。我知道還有一本正在路上,你不會告訴我,但我知道它今年會來,這是這個格式的第三卷,我非常期待看到它。對於任何希望與你合作的創業者,我強烈建議他們去看看acquisition.com,因為那裡有很多資訊,無論你處於循環的哪個階段,無論你是剛起步還是正擴展,或者尋找建議,acquisition.com都是不錯的選擇。謝謝你,亞歷克斯,感謝你的慷慨。我很感激。謝謝你所做的一切。謝謝你讓自己與眾不同,因為再次強調,這就是價值。這是世界上所有的價值。我們不需要更多的相同。我们需要那些有勇氣做自己的人,以及勇氣去快樂的人。而這正是你的本質。我真的非常感謝。非常感謝。這不是很酷嗎?我在《CEO的日記》中每一次對話的結尾,你將知道,我會請嘉賓在《CEO的日記》中留下一個問題。而我們所做的是將《CEO的日記》裡每一個問題轉變為這些你可以在家裡玩的對話卡片。因此你會得到我們曾經有過的每位嘉賓的問題。後面,如果你掃描那個二維碼,你會看到回答該問題的人。我們終於揭示了所有問題和回答問題的人。全新的第二版更新對話卡片現在在theconversationcards.com上線。它們已經兩次瞬間售罄。所以如果你有興趣獲得一些限量版的對話卡片,我強烈建議你迅速行動。
    【音樂播放】《CEO的日記》,在結尾時,你將知道你已經得到了《CEO的日記》裡每一個問題,在結尾時,你將知道你已經得到了《CEO的日記》裡每一個問題。

    Are these simple things keeping you broke? Alex Hormozi reveals the biggest business lies you’ve been told and the formula to turn $1,000 into $100 million 

     Alex Hormozi is an Iranian-American entrepreneur, investor, philanthropist and founder of Acquisition.com. He is the author of books such as ‘$100M Leads: How to Get Strangers To Want To Buy Your Stuff’ and $100M Offers: How To Make Offers So Good People Feel Stupid Saying No’.

    In this conversation, Alex and Steven discuss topics such as, how to escape a 9 to 5 life, the exact formula to triple your net worth, how to build an audience from 0 followers, and how to REALLY succeed with your business model. 

    00:00 Intro

    02:13 What Would You Say to the Millions of Entrepreneurs That Follow You?

    03:18 What Entrepreneurs Really Need

    12:03 Is There a Framework for Knowing When to Quit?

    16:05 Fear vs. Logic: How to Think Rationally

    19:08 Your Decisions Are Driven by Self-Awareness

    23:35 What to Do When You Quit Your Job: The 4 P’s

    24:42 Pain as a Driver

    27:29 Mercenaries and Missionaries in Business

    32:30 Just One P Will Make You Succeed!

    35:47 What’s the Cheat Code to Win at the Game of Attention?

    39:33 The Winning Strategy for 2025

    49:08 How Important Are People in the Business Journey?

    56:46 First-Time Founders Need to Know This About Recruiting

    59:09 A-Players Hire A-Players

    01:01:40 The Ability to Have Hard Conversations Sooner

    01:09:31 Be Kind, Not Nice, as a Manager

    01:15:42 How to Not F*ck Up in the Hiring Process

    01:23:40 How Do You Know They’re Not BSing You in the Interview?

    01:24:42 How to Hire Great People If You Don’t Have the Money

    01:27:56 The Pros and Cons of Experienced vs. Less Experienced Employees

    01:29:58 The 4 R’s

    01:33:08 How to Be Prepared for the Rollercoaster of Building a Business

    01:55:35 What Successful Companies Do

    01:57:58 How to Double Your Business Growth

    02:10:45 How to Help a Founder Who’s About to Quit—They Can’t Take It Anymore

    02:16:40 The Old Innovators’ Dilemma and How to Adapt

    02:25:46 Your Rate of Experimentation Has to Be Higher Than Your Competitors!

    02:29:03 Do Mentors Matter in Our Journey?

    02:37:18 Parrots vs. Practitioners: The Best Way to Learn

    02:42:16 The Founder Mode

    02:46:44 Founders and the Competitors Around Them

    02:49:07 Work-Life Balance

    02:56:28 The Mantra That Helped Me

    03:03:36 How to Drive Meaning from Your Life

    03:09:43 What Is the Meaning of Life?

    Follow Alex: 

    Instagram – https://g2ul0.app.link/EBxnhGYpNQb 

    Twitter – https://g2ul0.app.link/wucQ8x0pNQb 

    YouTube: You can purchase Alex’s book, ‘$100M Leads: How to Get Strangers To Want To Buy Your Stuff’, here: https://amzn.to/413cH2K 

    Spotify: You can purchase Alex’s book, ‘$100M Leads: How to Get Strangers To Want To Buy Your Stuff’, here: https://g2ul0.app.link/WcEZGF3pNQb 

    Watch the episodes on Youtube – https://g2ul0.app.link/DOACEpisodes 

    My new book! ‘The 33 Laws Of Business & Life’ is out now – https://g2ul0.app.link/DOACBook 

    You can purchase the The Diary Of A CEO Conversation Cards: Second Edition, here: https://g2ul0.app.link/f31dsUttKKb 

    Follow me:

    https://g2ul0.app.link/gnGqL4IsKKb

    Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Solving Solar’s Biggest Problem

    AI transcript
    0:00:02 (upbeat music)
    0:00:07 Pushkin.
    0:00:14 Today’s show is a good show,
    0:00:17 and I can give you several reasons why.
    0:00:20 One, it’s a show about the energy transition.
    0:00:23 So we got the high stakes of climate change.
    0:00:26 Two, it’s more specifically about
    0:00:28 long duration energy storage,
    0:00:32 which may be the key problem to solve in climate change.
    0:00:34 Now that solar power is so cheap,
    0:00:36 but also so intermittent.
    0:00:39 Sun’s not always out, you gotta store the energy.
    0:00:42 Three, the story has some very clever,
    0:00:44 fun, technical insights.
    0:00:48 Four, we get some real moments of harrowing drama.
    0:00:52 And finally, five, perhaps most surprising,
    0:00:56 today’s show includes a defense of fighting in hockey.
    0:00:59 (upbeat music)
    0:01:04 I’m Jacob Goldstein, and this is What’s Your Problem.
    0:01:07 My guest today is Curtis Van Wallingham.
    0:01:09 He is the co-founder and CEO of a company
    0:01:11 called HygroStore.
    0:01:13 Curtis’s problem is this.
    0:01:16 How can you store energy by compressing air
    0:01:19 in giant underground caverns?
    0:01:21 And how can you do it efficiently
    0:01:23 almost anywhere in the world?
    0:01:25 The idea of compressed air storage
    0:01:26 has been around for a long time,
    0:01:28 but it’s had some fundamental problems
    0:01:30 that have limited its use.
    0:01:32 As you’ll hear, Curtis thinks he and his colleagues
    0:01:34 have solved those problems.
    0:01:37 Since co-founding the company 15 years ago,
    0:01:40 HygroStore has built a fully functioning plant
    0:01:43 and has recently signed multiple billion dollar contracts
    0:01:46 to build facilities around the world.
    0:01:48 Curtis told me he got interested in compressed air
    0:01:52 back in 2008, when he had kind of a weird problem.
    0:01:53 He was working at a power plant
    0:01:58 that was generating more energy than anyone could use.
    0:02:01 So I was the head of planning at a nuclear plant.
    0:02:03 I think it’s the world’s second largest
    0:02:07 single site nuclear plant in Ontario called Bruce Power.
    0:02:11 And because we have so much hydro and nuclear in Ontario,
    0:02:13 when we started adding wind and solar,
    0:02:15 we started to see we had too much power.
    0:02:17 We couldn’t export it.
    0:02:18 And so we would have to shed power,
    0:02:20 which for a nuclear plant,
    0:02:23 it means essentially dumping steam into the Great Lakes.
    0:02:26 But it required a lot of manual labor, moving valves,
    0:02:28 and doing stuff that it wasn’t designed to do.
    0:02:30 So it was driving up maintenance costs.
    0:02:32 – And also it’s a bummer, right?
    0:02:35 Like you’re generating, you want to make energy.
    0:02:37 You don’t want to dump steam into a lake.
    0:02:38 – Exactly.
    0:02:41 And so then I tried to build a pumped hydro plant
    0:02:44 ’cause back there, this is 2008,
    0:02:46 the only real common place to store power
    0:02:48 was through pumped hydro.
    0:02:51 So I tried to find a site and it was just impossible
    0:02:54 to see how you could find a site, get permits,
    0:02:56 and build something anywhere near a time frame.
    0:02:58 – And just to be clear, sorry,
    0:03:02 but pumped hydro is sort of the classic
    0:03:04 kind of long duration energy storage, right?
    0:03:06 Where you pump water essentially up a hill
    0:03:08 from some lower level to some higher level
    0:03:09 when you have the power.
    0:03:12 And then when you want to discharge the battery,
    0:03:13 you just let it flow downhill
    0:03:15 and spin a turbine more or less, right?
    0:03:16 – Exactly.
    0:03:19 Any hydroelectric dam, just stop the dam from producing
    0:03:22 and start pumping water back up to the top reservoir.
    0:03:23 – Got it.
    0:03:25 – And so I tried to do that and realized
    0:03:27 there was no possible way of doing it.
    0:03:29 So I had a team of five or six people at the time
    0:03:30 and I asked them to research,
    0:03:32 is there other ways of storing power?
    0:03:35 And that’s when I came across my co-founder, Cam,
    0:03:38 who had this idea, and it’s essentially the opposite
    0:03:42 of pumped hydro, put air underwater and get the buoyancy.
    0:03:44 So instead of lifting water in air,
    0:03:47 why don’t you sink air underwater and get the buoyancy?
    0:03:51 – And as an engineer, it was kind of intriguing to me.
    0:03:53 So I thought about it, ran some numbers
    0:03:54 and lo and behold, I said,
    0:03:57 “Hey, this is compact, it can be easier to site.
    0:04:00 “It has all the advantages of pumped hydro,
    0:04:02 “much easier to permit.”
    0:04:05 So took the plunge, quit my job and threw some money in
    0:04:08 and 15 years later, here we are.
    0:04:10 – So your co-founder’s idea,
    0:04:15 it was a variation on this old idea of compressed air, right?
    0:04:17 When you have more energy than you need,
    0:04:20 use it to compress air underground.
    0:04:21 And then when you need the energy,
    0:04:23 sort of blow the air back up
    0:04:25 and use that to generate energy, right?
    0:04:27 That’s the basic idea, it’s an old idea.
    0:04:30 And in its basic form, it’s pretty limited
    0:04:31 in what it can do, right?
    0:04:35 Like what are the classic problems with compressed air?
    0:04:37 – The first one is around how you manage heat.
    0:04:40 In traditional compressed air,
    0:04:43 they would compress the air, it gets hot.
    0:04:44 They would lose that heat,
    0:04:46 but put the compressed air underground.
    0:04:48 And when you need it to discharge.
    0:04:49 – When you say they would lose that heat,
    0:04:51 what does that mean?
    0:04:53 – They would essentially just compress
    0:04:55 and then hot air would get sent underground
    0:04:57 and it would dissipate into the earth.
    0:05:01 And then when it comes up and you want to expand that air,
    0:05:04 then the opposite happens, it gets very cold.
    0:05:06 And because there’s moisture in the air,
    0:05:08 it’ll cause icicles and snow
    0:05:10 and it’ll freeze up your turbine,
    0:05:12 going cryogenic, we call it.
    0:05:14 – So that’s the problem.
    0:05:16 It’s fine, you put it down in the earth
    0:05:17 and the heat dissipates, that’s actually okay.
    0:05:20 The problem is when you want to blow it back up
    0:05:23 to spin a turbine, it basically freezes the turbine
    0:05:25 and the turbine snaps or whatever.
    0:05:27 That’s why it’s bad.
    0:05:29 – Exactly, it’ll ice it up and it won’t spin.
    0:05:32 And so to prevent that, they have to preheat it.
    0:05:34 So they would burn some natural gas.
    0:05:36 So when the air comes up from the cavern,
    0:05:38 they would heat it up so that once it expands,
    0:05:40 it doesn’t drop below zero.
    0:05:43 – So A, that’s inefficient, it costs money.
    0:05:46 And then B now, when we’re talking about doing this
    0:05:50 to fight climate change, it’s totally not what you want.
    0:05:52 – Yeah, you have less emissions than a gas plant,
    0:05:54 but you still have half the emissions, call it.
    0:05:56 – Okay, so that’s problem number one,
    0:05:59 is you gotta burn natural gas to heat up the air
    0:06:02 when you’re blowing it because it gets really cold.
    0:06:03 What’s problem number two
    0:06:06 with sort of classic compressed air?
    0:06:09 – The problem number two is just where can you build them?
    0:06:10 And traditionally, you would only build them
    0:06:13 where there’s salt caverns and salt caverns
    0:06:15 are as rare to find as good pumped hydro sites.
    0:06:19 So once you overlay, where does the grid need storage?
    0:06:20 Where is their transmission?
    0:06:23 The odds that there’s a salt cavern there
    0:06:24 are very, very de minimis.
    0:06:26 So it just didn’t have sites.
    0:06:28 – Why traditionally did it have to be a salt cavern?
    0:06:30 That seems so random.
    0:06:32 – Because you need so much air
    0:06:36 and for the air to be at quite high pressures
    0:06:38 because it gets kind of complicated.
    0:06:40 But as you think of a scuba tank,
    0:06:43 you pumping air in,
    0:06:45 the pressure starts rising very dramatically.
    0:06:46 Well, to get a sufficient amount of air,
    0:06:49 you gotta go to really high pressures.
    0:06:51 That’s too high a pressure in most rocks
    0:06:54 that it would just, you would lose all of the air
    0:06:55 and force its way out.
    0:06:56 – So it just, it just dissipates.
    0:06:57 You pump all this air in there
    0:06:59 and it just goes through whatever cracks
    0:07:01 or whatever little tiny holes there are.
    0:07:03 The air just kind of blows out
    0:07:04 and you don’t have compressed air anymore.
    0:07:06 – Exactly, where salt is airtight.
    0:07:08 And so that’s why you would typically do it in salt.
    0:07:10 That’s why they store a lot of the natural gas
    0:07:14 in salt, but the salt formations aren’t that common
    0:07:16 and they’re not where the grid needs them.
    0:07:19 – Okay, so these are our two problems.
    0:07:23 And you encounter this guy who seems to have solved them.
    0:07:25 Who is the guy and what has he figured out?
    0:07:28 – So the guy’s name is Cameron Lewis
    0:07:33 and he’s a serial entrepreneur, engineering technician.
    0:07:35 He worked in the oil patch in Canada,
    0:07:37 repurposing compressors and turbines
    0:07:39 for use in the oil patch.
    0:07:43 Then he moved to Ontario to start developing wind farms.
    0:07:44 And that’s when he realized,
    0:07:48 look, this wind is so intermittent, I need storage.
    0:07:49 And then he was like, how do I make storage?
    0:07:51 And that’s when his mind started going
    0:07:53 ’cause he is a true entrepreneur.
    0:07:55 – It reminds me, I should have had the name at hand,
    0:07:59 but I talked to that guy who worked as an engineer
    0:08:03 in the, in Texas, Texas in Oklahoma
    0:08:05 and sort of brought the technologies
    0:08:07 of the fracking boom to geothermal energy.
    0:08:08 It’s kind of– – Tim Latimer.
    0:08:10 – Yeah, Tim Latimer, Tim Latimer.
    0:08:13 Some parallels, right, to the story.
    0:08:14 – Very similar.
    0:08:14 – So there are these two problems.
    0:08:18 One, you have the problem of when you decompress,
    0:08:20 when you use your compressed air, it gets really cold.
    0:08:22 And two, you have the problem that
    0:08:24 you can only put the compressed air in a few places,
    0:08:26 otherwise it just sort of dissipates.
    0:08:28 How does using water solve each of those problems?
    0:08:31 First of all, how does it solve the cold problem?
    0:08:35 – So what we do is when the air comes out hot,
    0:08:40 it comes out about 230 degrees Celsius from the compressor.
    0:08:43 We run it through a heat exchanger to pull that heat out
    0:08:44 and we store it in hot water.
    0:08:46 So on the surface, we have a water tank,
    0:08:48 think of an LNG sphere,
    0:08:51 filled with water, now at 200 degrees C.
    0:08:54 So we’ve captured that energy and that heat
    0:08:56 that otherwise would have dissipated
    0:08:58 and we store it and wrap it in insulation.
    0:08:59 – Okay.
    0:09:01 – Then when the air comes back up,
    0:09:03 we go in reverse through those heat exchangers
    0:09:05 and use that same heat to preheat the air
    0:09:08 so that it doesn’t go cryogenic
    0:09:10 and it eliminates the need for natural gas.
    0:09:11 – Yeah, it’s elegant, right?
    0:09:14 It’s so elegant ’cause that heat is actually energy
    0:09:19 that in conventional compressor was just getting lost, right?
    0:09:21 And then you had to provide more energy
    0:09:22 to heat the air back up.
    0:09:25 So in your model, you capture that energy
    0:09:27 by heating up water and then you use the hot water
    0:09:29 to heat up the air when you’re blowing it through the turbine
    0:09:31 so you don’t have to burn gas.
    0:09:33 – Exactly, moving the round trip efficiency
    0:09:36 from 35% to 70%.
    0:09:37 – Satisfying, very satisfying.
    0:09:40 Okay, so the other problem is in the conventional version,
    0:09:43 you need a salt cavern so that your air
    0:09:45 doesn’t just dissipate through whatever
    0:09:47 the little tiny holes in the rock.
    0:09:48 – Right.
    0:09:51 – And why does using water mean you don’t need that?
    0:09:53 You can do it in a lot more places.
    0:09:56 – So the way our cavern works is if you think of a cavern
    0:09:59 where 2000 feet underground, we hollow out,
    0:10:01 think of a cubic football field,
    0:10:04 we backfill it with water, a one-time fill.
    0:10:08 When you finish construction, you fill it up with water.
    0:10:10 Now when you’re pushing air in, it’s moving the water down
    0:10:13 and lifting it all the way to the surface.
    0:10:15 – So you just did a hand motion
    0:10:17 that I want to explain for people listening.
    0:10:20 So basically, it goes down like, whatever,
    0:10:22 in a sink, in your kitchen sink, it goes down,
    0:10:24 but then it turns back up, it’s like a J.
    0:10:27 There’s basically a pipe that goes down
    0:10:28 out of the bottom of the cavern
    0:10:30 and then makes a U turn and goes up to the surface.
    0:10:31 – That’s right.
    0:10:33 – And then at the surface, we have a little pond
    0:10:38 with enough volume that once the air is full of the cavern,
    0:10:40 i.e. the cavern’s filled with air,
    0:10:42 all that water that used to be in the cavern
    0:10:45 has now been lifted up to the surface.
    0:10:48 – And why does this solve that problem?
    0:10:50 Why does that mean you don’t need a salt cavern?
    0:10:54 – Because the air pressure will move the water down
    0:10:56 that J hook and lift to the surface
    0:10:58 before it would protrude through the rocks.
    0:11:01 Okay, so there’s a very elegant idea.
    0:11:07 You’re still, you’re working for a nuclear power plant.
    0:11:09 You come across this idea,
    0:11:13 but you don’t decide to try it for the nuclear power plant.
    0:11:15 Like, what happens next?
    0:11:17 – Well, that was my desire.
    0:11:19 And so I asked him, I said, well, what if we wanted
    0:11:21 to pilot one or build one with you?
    0:11:23 And he basically said, I have a company name
    0:11:25 and a patent and that’s it.
    0:11:28 And I don’t really know what to do next.
    0:11:30 And then I started looking for other options.
    0:11:31 There was no other options.
    0:11:34 And I said, look, we’re a kind of a canary in the coal mine.
    0:11:36 Every utility is gonna ultimately see
    0:11:38 these challenges eventually.
    0:11:40 So I saw the opportunity, so I quit my job,
    0:11:44 drained some savings and joined as the co-founder.
    0:11:46 And we started HydraStore.
    0:11:51 – And, you know, now in the past few years,
    0:11:54 basically since solar took off,
    0:11:57 everybody has been talking about long duration storage,
    0:11:59 right, long duration energy storage.
    0:12:01 Everybody was not talking about it then.
    0:12:04 Was solar power cost, what did it cost then?
    0:12:05 10 times what it cost now?
    0:12:06 I don’t know.
    0:12:09 It was not at all like it is now, right?
    0:12:11 It was not at all obvious that solar power
    0:12:12 was gonna be everywhere and the problem
    0:12:13 was gonna be storage.
    0:12:16 Like, what were you thinking about at that time
    0:12:17 in that context?
    0:12:21 – It kind of comes back to the nuclear power plant
    0:12:23 ’cause we had half of Ontario’s grid
    0:12:25 was nuclear that can’t turn down
    0:12:29 and 40% of the rest was hydro that can’t turn down.
    0:12:30 So once we added wind and solar,
    0:12:33 you really started to see the swings.
    0:12:36 And I realized that Ontario’s grid is very unique.
    0:12:40 But once you take away your base load,
    0:12:44 once intermittency is a decent portion of what’s left,
    0:12:46 everyone needs storage.
    0:12:48 And so I realized that Ontario’s grid
    0:12:49 was just seeing it first,
    0:12:52 but that every grid will eventually see it
    0:12:54 when wind and solar penetration rose.
    0:12:57 – Interesting, basically, you saw it first
    0:13:01 because nuclear and hydro are uniquely difficult
    0:13:02 to turn on and off really fast.
    0:13:04 Whereas most other places,
    0:13:06 they’re using natural gas, they’re using coal,
    0:13:08 which you can basically turn on and off.
    0:13:10 So the intermittency was not such
    0:13:12 an acute problem so early.
    0:13:13 – Exactly. – Interesting.
    0:13:16 You were right about that, good job.
    0:13:18 – And then once wind and solar started coming on,
    0:13:20 they started saying, well, we need storage,
    0:13:22 but we only need 15 minutes.
    0:13:24 And then that turned to half hour, then an hour,
    0:13:26 then two, then four.
    0:13:28 Now it’s eight in a lot of markets.
    0:13:29 Now they’re moving to 12.
    0:13:32 They’re even talking 40, 50 hours of storage.
    0:13:35 And it’s true that as the wind and solar penetration rise,
    0:13:38 your duration of storage keeps growing.
    0:13:42 And right now, I’d say roughly a third of the world
    0:13:43 needs eight hour storage,
    0:13:45 and the other two thirds still aren’t there yet,
    0:13:47 but it’s coming.
    0:13:51 – And it’s basically the more wind and solar you have,
    0:13:53 the larger a share of your power they represent,
    0:13:56 the longer duration you need for storage.
    0:13:57 – Exactly.
    0:14:01 And you confirm it up with natural gas to a point,
    0:14:03 but then you start curtailing so much solar,
    0:14:04 burning so much natural gas,
    0:14:06 you stop putting solar on,
    0:14:08 whereas with long duration storage,
    0:14:11 we allow you to keep adding more solar, more wind,
    0:14:14 and that’s how you get to 100% renewable.
    0:14:17 – I mean, long duration storage is clearly the problem
    0:14:19 at this point, right?
    0:14:21 At least in places where there’s a decent amount of solar
    0:14:25 or wind or wires going to places
    0:14:26 where there’s a decent amount of solar wind,
    0:14:29 it does seem like storage in general
    0:14:33 and long duration storage in particular is the bottleneck.
    0:14:37 – Yes, and I think that technologies are there now,
    0:14:39 but we don’t have the market structures
    0:14:42 to properly pay for it and compensate it,
    0:14:44 which is holding it up from really taking off.
    0:14:47 So California, Australia,
    0:14:48 they’ve been pretty innovative.
    0:14:53 The UK is doing some stuff now, Ontario and Canada,
    0:14:56 but it requires you to change market reform.
    0:14:57 – Yeah, I wanna get to that.
    0:14:59 I feel like there’s a fair bit to talk about
    0:15:01 in terms of policy.
    0:15:06 But first, I wanna get you from 2010 to 2025.
    0:15:09 So you have essentially an idea, right?
    0:15:13 You have intellectual property and a name
    0:15:15 and two guys and a dream.
    0:15:18 Like what, and I don’t wanna do every day
    0:15:19 of the last 15 years obviously,
    0:15:22 but what are a few of the key points,
    0:15:24 like the few key marks you had to hit?
    0:15:29 – The first one was we worked with a university,
    0:15:32 University of Windsor, to validate the engineering
    0:15:34 that it would work, the heat mass balance
    0:15:37 and all the basic physics were sound.
    0:15:41 So we did that, then we ran pool tests.
    0:15:44 So using underwater structures,
    0:15:47 we were able to show it at a very small scale
    0:15:50 to validate the models in real world.
    0:15:54 Then we moved to a bigger pilot out in a lake
    0:15:56 and we built that to further validate.
    0:15:59 We had a truck with a compressor in it, heat exchangers,
    0:16:02 big balloons sunk by concrete out in the lake
    0:16:03 with a hose coming back.
    0:16:04 – Sounds cool, yeah.
    0:16:09 – That was enough to get enough data
    0:16:10 to get enough grant money.
    0:16:13 We secured about eight, nine million of grant money.
    0:16:16 Then we were able to attract the venture capital investor,
    0:16:19 our turn ventures and Toronto Hydro
    0:16:21 was willing to host a pilot plant.
    0:16:23 So a grid connected one megawatt,
    0:16:26 one megawatt hour pilot plant.
    0:16:28 So we took that grant money and the venture money
    0:16:31 and we’re now six, seven people
    0:16:33 and we built this pilot plant.
    0:16:36 Grid connected and it was pretty neat.
    0:16:39 We sunk giant structures offshore in the lake.
    0:16:41 So instead of digging a cavern and filling it with water,
    0:16:44 we sunk essentially a structure within a lake
    0:16:46 and connected it back with drill pipe.
    0:16:50 – Like a bubble sitting there on the bottom of the lake?
    0:16:51 Like a case on?
    0:16:53 – It was massive.
    0:16:56 And so that data, it proved that everything worked.
    0:16:59 We optimized the heat exchangers, the control system
    0:17:02 and filed a lot more intellectual property.
    0:17:06 And then so that was a five year temporary pilot.
    0:17:10 Once we had that data, then an IESO was running a procurement
    0:17:13 for piloting long duration storage.
    0:17:14 – What’s an IESO?
    0:17:19 – Electricity system operator here in Ontario.
    0:17:21 So they ran a pilot, we submitted a bid,
    0:17:23 we won the contract to build a plant
    0:17:26 that had a 10 year revenue contract.
    0:17:30 – Okay, a real thing, that’s a real thing, yeah.
    0:17:32 – And so that was called our Goderich facility
    0:17:35 and we turned that on in 2019
    0:17:36 and have been running it ever since.
    0:17:39 So then we had, we call that our commercial reference
    0:17:42 facility, so it references our technology,
    0:17:43 albeit at a fairly small scale,
    0:17:46 it’s two megawatts, eight megawatt hours.
    0:17:49 But we ran that and then we brought insurance companies
    0:17:53 through and engineering construction companies
    0:17:56 and said, go through this and tell us why this wouldn’t work
    0:17:58 at a larger scale and they were able to then give us
    0:18:01 insurance products and different things
    0:18:03 that would make a larger project bankable.
    0:18:05 – It was like, you’re in the infrastructure business
    0:18:06 basically, right?
    0:18:09 And so you need like tons of capital,
    0:18:13 tons of insurance, you gotta spend a lot of money now
    0:18:16 and you’ll get paid back every year for whatever,
    0:18:19 20 years or something, whatever is the life of it.
    0:18:22 It’s like a big, hard, complicated,
    0:18:23 ultimately you want it to be boring,
    0:18:26 although I’m sure it’s not boring yet business, right?
    0:18:29 – Right, so this was setting us up for that.
    0:18:32 So then this plant kind of got us all the financial
    0:18:35 instruments that we would need to do a big one.
    0:18:38 So then we went and started developing big plants.
    0:18:41 We now are about to start construction in Australia
    0:18:44 for a $1 billion plant and in California
    0:18:47 for about a $1.5 billion plant.
    0:18:49 And because we had the pilot plant,
    0:18:52 we have the insurance, the confidence of the constructors
    0:18:55 and we’re able to get debt and project level equity
    0:18:58 and project finance those first two big plants.
    0:19:00 So now we’re in the process of constructing those
    0:19:03 and once they’re operational,
    0:19:06 then the technology should be boring and completely
    0:19:09 de-risk, which would then allow utilities
    0:19:11 to start building it on their own balance sheet
    0:19:14 without us having to mobilize all the capital.
    0:19:18 We would say utility X or a Google or Microsoft
    0:19:20 or a data center, if you want one,
    0:19:21 you can pay for it and build it
    0:19:23 and we’ll just take a technology license fee.
    0:19:26 – So you don’t want to be in the infrastructure business,
    0:19:28 you want to be in the intellectual property business
    0:19:31 and you’re just in the infrastructure business
    0:19:34 to prove that it’s a good idea.
    0:19:36 – Yes, I think we’ll always stay
    0:19:37 in the infrastructure business.
    0:19:39 It’s just the opportunity is so huge
    0:19:40 and these plants are so big.
    0:19:42 Like we have 18 we’re developing,
    0:19:44 but each one is a billion and a half.
    0:19:47 Well, that’s $25, $30 billion
    0:19:49 and we’re only in a handful of markets.
    0:19:51 – The idea is you’re gonna finance all of those?
    0:19:55 Like in the current model, they’re yours?
    0:19:58 – There are, we’re backed by some pension funds,
    0:20:01 Goldman Sachs and so we’ve got a decent amount of capital,
    0:20:03 we’ll keep bringing partners in.
    0:20:04 But like we’re not doing anything in India,
    0:20:08 Japan, China, I can’t do that globally.
    0:20:11 And so the model is allow other people to build it
    0:20:15 on their balance sheet and become that IP licensing company
    0:20:17 while we still do the core infrastructure
    0:20:19 in the markets that we choose to offer.
    0:20:21 (upbeat music)
    0:20:24 – Still to come on the show,
    0:20:27 competing against lithium ion batteries,
    0:20:30 making 300 failed pitches.
    0:20:33 And also what political change in Washington
    0:20:34 might mean for HydroStore.
    0:20:46 I’d heard Curtis talking in other interviews
    0:20:49 about how hard it was to build his company.
    0:20:51 And of course, founders always talk about
    0:20:54 how hard it is to build a company.
    0:20:56 But somehow when Curtis talked about it,
    0:20:59 I really felt it, really believed him.
    0:21:02 And so I asked him to tell me about some of the moments
    0:21:04 when it got really hard.
    0:21:05 – There were quite a few to be honest.
    0:21:09 I mean, one certainly was one that structure sunk
    0:21:12 when we were building that first pilot plant.
    0:21:13 – Yeah, so tell me about that.
    0:21:15 So this is the first time you’re actually doing it.
    0:21:18 What’s happening there?
    0:21:20 Like you’re just, what’s it look like?
    0:21:24 – It’s about the size of a basketball court,
    0:21:28 maybe 20 feet high and it’s all concrete.
    0:21:31 Think of a culvert pipe when you, under the highways,
    0:21:36 a bunch of those strapped together, essentially,
    0:21:40 filled with air so it would float itself almost as a barge.
    0:21:43 There was then to be lowered down onto the ground
    0:21:46 and then that would serve as our air cavity
    0:21:48 with water moving in and out.
    0:21:52 And so we get it out to the deep depths of Lake Ontario
    0:21:55 and we’re towing it and kind of a rogue wave hits
    0:21:58 and something pops and it starts filling with water
    0:22:00 where it’s not supposed to.
    0:22:03 And it drops down and smashes on the sea floor.
    0:22:05 – Are you watching it?
    0:22:07 Where are you when this is happening?
    0:22:10 – I’m at home, our team is on a barge trailing it
    0:22:12 and they’ve got drones down there and cameras.
    0:22:16 But as you can imagine when it hits all the plume of sand
    0:22:17 and stuff comes up.
    0:22:18 So it’s not till the next morning
    0:22:20 where we see how catastrophic it is,
    0:22:22 but we knew when we lost it,
    0:22:24 you know, I can be able to lift this thing up.
    0:22:27 It’s so deep divers can’t even go to access it.
    0:22:31 I was on the phone like speaker phone two in the morning
    0:22:34 at sitting in my son’s bedroom
    0:22:35 while he was sleeping with my wife
    0:22:38 ’cause I was pulling it all night or working and yeah.
    0:22:42 And it was, so then we all just kind of looked at each other
    0:22:45 and I told people to safely wrap up the work, go home.
    0:22:48 We had a meeting the next day called the board in
    0:22:50 and it was essentially we’re toast.
    0:22:52 It was good run, but I think we’re done.
    0:22:56 And that’s when we said, well, we got all risk insurance.
    0:23:00 That’s what all risk really means.
    0:23:03 And to the insurance company’s credit,
    0:23:05 they said, yeah, you had all risk.
    0:23:06 Here’s $4 million.
    0:23:08 Try again however you want,
    0:23:09 but we’re not ensuring the second time.
    0:23:11 Oh, huh.
    0:23:12 And we pulled it off the second time.
    0:23:14 We changed design and we got it built.
    0:23:17 And so we had our plant operational,
    0:23:20 which was a great milestone for the team.
    0:23:23 There was another time when we realized
    0:23:24 we had it to be a developer.
    0:23:27 We couldn’t just jump to that licensing model
    0:23:29 that we would have to build the first big plant.
    0:23:30 So was that your initial,
    0:23:34 so your initial idea was like, let’s just do a pilot
    0:23:36 and show that it works and then license the technology
    0:23:40 because who are we, we’re not gonna get billions of dollars
    0:23:43 to build a gigantic hole in the ground
    0:23:44 that’s gotta last for 20 years, that’s not us.
    0:23:45 Exactly.
    0:23:49 And so then I, we realized that after talking to dozens
    0:23:52 of utilities and developers and everyone said,
    0:23:55 there’s no way I’m building the first one on my balance sheet.
    0:23:57 Well, that’s the nature, right?
    0:24:01 I mean, it’s a famously conservative industry, right?
    0:24:02 It’s highly regulated.
    0:24:04 They’re not gonna take a billion dollar risk
    0:24:07 on a thing that plausibly might not work, right?
    0:24:09 It wouldn’t be crazy if it didn’t work.
    0:24:10 Yeah, exactly.
    0:24:13 And so then I had to call my board at the time in
    0:24:14 and say, we have to be a developer.
    0:24:17 And they’re like, well, that means
    0:24:19 we gotta start letters of credit.
    0:24:21 We need tens of millions of dollars
    0:24:23 and we gotta staff up a team that looks completely different
    0:24:25 than the team of engineers we have.
    0:24:30 So then I got on my bike and tried to find an investor
    0:24:32 that would back that new model
    0:24:33 and it took me six months.
    0:24:35 When you say got on your bike, what do you,
    0:24:38 are you speaking metaphorically or literally?
    0:24:40 Yeah, speaking metaphorically.
    0:24:42 I was hoping you went on some crazy ride.
    0:24:45 Well, it was 300 investors.
    0:24:48 And I think it was 316th said yes.
    0:24:50 So it was a long road.
    0:24:51 We ran out of capital.
    0:24:53 I had to mortgage my house.
    0:24:55 My wife was saying, you’re not drawing a salary.
    0:24:56 You’ve put in our savings.
    0:24:59 Now you’ve mortgaged our house.
    0:25:00 How do you know the investor’s gonna come?
    0:25:03 You’ve already been rejected a couple hundred times.
    0:25:05 And then we eventually found an investor
    0:25:08 that saw the vision and was willing
    0:25:11 to put that risk capital into become a developer.
    0:25:13 I then got a team that was working
    0:25:15 at Brookfield Renewable.
    0:25:18 Wait, before you keep going, what did you say
    0:25:19 when your wife said, why are you doing this?
    0:25:23 You spent all of our money and more.
    0:25:27 And hundreds of people have said, no, like she,
    0:25:29 I mean, in retrospect, I guess you were right,
    0:25:32 but like in any kind of expected value,
    0:25:34 rational universe, she’s right at that point.
    0:25:39 Yeah, what I said was, I believe in it.
    0:25:42 When I look at first principles,
    0:25:44 the technology makes perfect sense
    0:25:45 and the world’s gonna need it.
    0:25:48 Like, and so I said, there’s no fundamental reason,
    0:25:50 the whole, the reason the investors were saying,
    0:25:52 no, was I’m not the right one.
    0:25:54 It’s too much risk for me.
    0:25:58 It’s too much capital, the timeline’s too long.
    0:26:00 No one said, I don’t think it’ll work
    0:26:03 or I don’t think long duration storage is needed.
    0:26:07 So to me, I just had to find the right fit more so
    0:26:09 than there was a fundamental problem with what I was doing.
    0:26:10 And I wasn’t willing to give up
    0:26:14 because I felt so passionate about climate change,
    0:26:17 but also it was, so many people had invested money
    0:26:18 already at that point.
    0:26:21 And the team members that had joined me,
    0:26:23 I didn’t want to let everyone down.
    0:26:25 So I was wanting to turn over every stone
    0:26:29 until there was absolutely no possible other option.
    0:26:32 And luckily an investor that had said, no, before,
    0:26:35 I picked up the phone and called them back and said,
    0:26:37 you sure you don’t want to take a harder look?
    0:26:41 And he had just received a big payday from another investment.
    0:26:43 I caught him while he was in a good mood.
    0:26:44 Said, you know what?
    0:26:46 Sure, let’s rekindle these conversations.
    0:26:48 And that resulted in an investment,
    0:26:51 really our Series B from Warren Partners.
    0:26:54 And that allowed us to staff up a development team,
    0:26:56 gave us the capital to start investing
    0:26:59 in our Australian project in California.
    0:27:02 And that’s really when the ball started rolling.
    0:27:03 We had that Goddard facility done.
    0:27:05 And then we started winning contracts
    0:27:07 and getting interconnect.
    0:27:10 And now, you know, the team’s close to 140 people
    0:27:12 and in multiple countries
    0:27:14 and going really well at the moment.
    0:27:19 – I’ve heard you mentioned this moment in, was it 2020?
    0:27:23 Like in the intense COVID era of COVID
    0:27:26 when you got the contract in Australia,
    0:27:28 which was that your first like big contract?
    0:27:29 – That’s right.
    0:27:31 – Tell me about that moment.
    0:27:33 – Yeah, so we started investing in Australia.
    0:27:35 It was a really creative solution.
    0:27:37 My commercial team came up.
    0:27:38 So we offered the utility something
    0:27:39 they weren’t really asking for,
    0:27:43 but they saw the benefit of it using storage
    0:27:44 instead of transmission
    0:27:47 to essentially connect this remote community.
    0:27:51 And they won that by the regulatory rules wasn’t allowed.
    0:27:55 So then we had to change the regulatory environment.
    0:27:57 So it was a long road, but their light came on.
    0:28:01 I said, wow, this is dramatically cheaper, no emissions.
    0:28:04 So then they became an ally for us trans grid
    0:28:06 to help change the rules in Australia
    0:28:09 to allow projects like this to go ahead.
    0:28:10 And so we’re going through the rules
    0:28:14 and then they say, here’s the contract.
    0:28:17 And so it’s a 40 year contract.
    0:28:19 Like I say, a billion dollar plant
    0:28:21 and we’re starting the permitting work
    0:28:22 and engaging the stakeholders.
    0:28:25 And then COVID hits and Australia shuts their borders.
    0:28:30 So then we had to strike a deal with a local team
    0:28:32 so that they would be our boots on the ground
    0:28:35 until all the border restrictions lifted.
    0:28:37 And then we ultimately bought that partner back out.
    0:28:40 So it was a bit of an expensive foray
    0:28:42 but allowed the project to keep moving.
    0:28:45 – Did you think it was, was there a minute
    0:28:49 where you thought COVID was gonna mean it wouldn’t work?
    0:28:54 – COVID was another time that I had to mortgage the house
    0:28:56 ’cause we needed some bridge financing.
    0:28:58 No investors were investing.
    0:29:00 – Had you paid back the other mortgage
    0:29:01 or are you just the value going up?
    0:29:04 How did it keep mortgaging your house in this story?
    0:29:06 – No, I got paid back that one
    0:29:09 and then we were running out of capital again.
    0:29:11 We had a bunch of interested investors
    0:29:12 but then when COVID hit, they said,
    0:29:14 “Look, until I figure out where the world goes,
    0:29:16 “I’m not putting new money to work.”
    0:29:20 So we had to find a way of bridging ourselves for a year
    0:29:23 which essentially me and some board members
    0:29:26 loaned the company money from our personal balance sheets
    0:29:27 to get us through.
    0:29:30 And then we ultimately struck a new investor came in
    0:29:32 and then ultimately Goldman Sachs
    0:29:35 and the Canadian pension plan gave us a very large check
    0:29:36 at the end of ’21.
    0:29:38 – Just so I’m not missing any,
    0:29:40 how many times have you mortgaged your house
    0:29:41 to keep the company going?
    0:29:44 – That would be three or four.
    0:29:46 – Oh, three or four, okay.
    0:29:49 I mean, the bigger the company gets,
    0:29:50 the bigger the company gets,
    0:29:51 the less helpful it’s gonna be
    0:29:54 unless you keep buying bigger houses, right?
    0:29:56 – Exactly, I’m still in the same house
    0:29:57 so it ain’t getting any bigger.
    0:29:59 – It’s not gonna do much
    0:30:01 if you got 140 people working for you
    0:30:03 and you’re building billion dollar plants
    0:30:06 unless it’s an amazing house
    0:30:08 in which case congratulations.
    0:30:12 So I found out about your company
    0:30:17 when I read that you had been awarded a provisional loan
    0:30:21 of I think it was $1.7 billion
    0:30:23 from the U.S. Department of Energy.
    0:30:27 That was, I don’t know, a month ago or something
    0:30:31 which congratulations,
    0:30:34 but also the federal government’s a lot different now
    0:30:35 than it was a month ago.
    0:30:38 And I’m curious what that means for you?
    0:30:41 I mean, what political change in the U.S. in particular
    0:30:42 means for you?
    0:30:46 – Yeah, I think there’s still a bit of uncertainty out there
    0:30:50 but we started working with the loan program office
    0:30:52 three plus years ago.
    0:30:55 So they’ve done a tremendous amount of diligence
    0:30:58 and this is exactly what this program is set up for
    0:31:02 is newer technologies that have a ton of domestic content
    0:31:04 and are gonna show a new technology
    0:31:07 adding to grid resiliency in the U.S.
    0:31:09 So that’s what the loan is for.
    0:31:13 It’s to provide the debt for our project in California.
    0:31:17 And we’re putting in a lot of equity into the project
    0:31:20 and the debt covers obviously the debt to construct
    0:31:23 and the interest during the construction period.
    0:31:25 So we’re really excited about the loan.
    0:31:27 It’s a legally binding loan
    0:31:30 but with the new administration
    0:31:31 there’s a lot of things moving around
    0:31:33 but I think it’s aligned with their agenda.
    0:31:35 It’s actually in a Republican County
    0:31:38 but it drives grid resiliency
    0:31:43 and lowers energy costs for the energy dominance
    0:31:47 that is required for all the data centers
    0:31:48 and low growth out there.
    0:31:51 So I think it, and like I said
    0:31:55 it’s virtually 100% domestic labor and content
    0:31:56 that goes into the project.
    0:31:59 So I think it’s consistent with the newest
    0:32:02 administration’s goals and it’s like I say
    0:32:03 the binding loan commitment.
    0:32:05 So we’ve got a couple of condition precedents
    0:32:07 we got to get through before it.
    0:32:10 We can start drawing on the loan but really excited
    0:32:12 and it’s been great working with the Department of Energy
    0:32:13 and their tremendous staff.
    0:32:15 – I wanna note that you said energy dominance
    0:32:16 that’s good, right?
    0:32:17 You got that one.
    0:32:21 And Republican district is interesting, right?
    0:32:25 My sense is with the Inflation Reduction Act
    0:32:27 or you know, a ton of money
    0:32:29 for the energy transition basically.
    0:32:33 A lot of it has been going to projects
    0:32:34 in Republican districts.
    0:32:36 So I mean, it’ll be interesting to see
    0:32:39 how that plays out politically, right?
    0:32:42 You mentioned there’s a couple conditions.
    0:32:44 I mean, is it basically if you do certain things
    0:32:45 you get the money?
    0:32:46 Is that what that means?
    0:32:47 – That’s right.
    0:32:48 – What are the things?
    0:32:49 What are the conditions?
    0:32:50 – If I had to bubble it down to two
    0:32:53 as we’ve got one more revenue contract
    0:32:56 that we’ve got to sign and then our permits.
    0:32:57 Our permits are working through
    0:32:59 the California Energy Commission.
    0:33:02 We expect roughly Q3, Q4, we would have that permit.
    0:33:04 So we need those.
    0:33:05 We need the permit to construct
    0:33:08 and then the last revenue contract to be signed.
    0:33:10 – So let’s talk a little bit about
    0:33:14 long duration storage kind of more broadly, right?
    0:33:16 Like it’s a huge problem.
    0:33:18 As you said, it’s a bigger problem
    0:33:23 the more there is wind and solar power.
    0:33:27 Lots of people are trying lots of different ways to solve it.
    0:33:29 Like give me a sense of the landscape
    0:33:31 more broadly and where you fit.
    0:33:32 Like what are other people doing?
    0:33:34 And then what are you particularly good at?
    0:33:35 What’s the one thing that you can do
    0:33:37 more reliably, more cheaply, whatever?
    0:33:40 – Yeah, you almost have to look at it
    0:33:42 in a kind of a two by two quadrant.
    0:33:44 On the one axis is like scale.
    0:33:48 Is it really big like city size or is it for the home?
    0:33:54 And then on the Y axis if you would is duration.
    0:33:56 So do you need an hour or two of storage?
    0:34:00 Or do you need many days or a season of storage?
    0:34:03 We kind of fit in the really large scale.
    0:34:05 So we are hundreds of megawatts.
    0:34:09 So to give you a sense, it’s like a quarter of a city’s load.
    0:34:11 That’s the sort of scale much bigger
    0:34:13 than any individual wind farm or solar farm.
    0:34:15 So we are pretty big scale.
    0:34:19 – Quarter of a city meaning like 100,000 homes?
    0:34:20 Like something like that?
    0:34:25 – Hundreds of thousands if not a million homes, yeah.
    0:34:27 So quite large.
    0:34:31 And then we tend to do eight hours to 24 hours.
    0:34:33 So we’ll cover you for through the night
    0:34:35 if you’re a solar dominant region,
    0:34:37 if you’ve got a day or two with low winds,
    0:34:39 that’s where we fit in.
    0:34:40 We’re not seasonal.
    0:34:44 Like we won’t do your spring shoulder season.
    0:34:46 And we’re definitely not an hour or two.
    0:34:51 So lithium ion at both large scale and home
    0:34:55 for like six hours and less is dominated by lithium ion.
    0:34:59 So they own shorter durations, six hours and less.
    0:35:04 And then in large scale, really long duration,
    0:35:06 that’s really been the pumped hydro,
    0:35:07 but they’re quite limited
    0:35:09 in what other solutions are out there.
    0:35:11 And then people are talking hydrogen for seasonal.
    0:35:15 I’m not sure if that’s gonna make sense or not,
    0:35:17 but we kind of have a clear where we play.
    0:35:20 Now there’s four or five different technologies
    0:35:23 going at the other pockets of that grid
    0:35:25 that I haven’t mentioned.
    0:35:30 – So lithium ion batteries are getting cheaper fast,
    0:35:33 which is good news for the world.
    0:35:34 What does it mean for you?
    0:35:36 I mean, is it the case that the cheaper
    0:35:38 lithium ion batteries get,
    0:35:42 the longer the duration they can economically provide?
    0:35:45 – Yes.
    0:35:48 They used to, we used to think it was two to four hours.
    0:35:49 Now they’ve pushed the six.
    0:35:51 If the cost keep coming down
    0:35:54 and tariffs don’t kind of reverse the declines,
    0:35:57 that could move to eight.
    0:36:01 I can’t really see them moving too much farther beyond that.
    0:36:03 To give you a sense, when today’s cost,
    0:36:06 if you install the lithium ion battery,
    0:36:11 it’s about $300 per kilowatt hour of storage capacity
    0:36:12 and it lasts maybe 10 years
    0:36:15 with degradation and everything in there.
    0:36:20 To add one hour of our system is $50 a kilowatt hour
    0:36:23 and it lasts 50 years with no degradation.
    0:36:27 So it’s a pretty, on the marginal basis,
    0:36:28 it’s a pretty high bar.
    0:36:31 They would have to drop by an order of magnitude
    0:36:35 and then they still would have to extend their life by 5X
    0:36:37 to kind of get into the same realm.
    0:36:39 – That’s compelling.
    0:36:42 So what’s next?
    0:36:44 Like what are you working on now?
    0:36:45 – Construct those two plants.
    0:36:47 So in Australia and California,
    0:36:49 construct them on time, on budget,
    0:36:52 show the world what they can do at scale.
    0:36:54 While we take those other 18 that we’re developing
    0:36:57 and stack them up ready for construction,
    0:37:02 that’ll then allow us to start licensing to utilities.
    0:37:04 And we’d like to partner with groups in Japan
    0:37:06 and China and India and Europe
    0:37:09 to start offering the solution in those markets,
    0:37:12 as opposed to us standing up development teams
    0:37:13 all around the world.
    0:37:15 We’re predominantly focused in North America
    0:37:19 and Australia and the UK as a development platform.
    0:37:21 – What are you worried about at this point?
    0:37:22 Like what might go wrong?
    0:37:26 – No, I think it’s just general team building,
    0:37:29 culture, project management.
    0:37:33 There’s nothing fundamental with our technology,
    0:37:36 supply chain, policy environment
    0:37:38 that I’m really worried about.
    0:37:41 It’s really just execution from our team.
    0:37:44 I guess there is a bit of the pace
    0:37:47 for long duration storage will be set by policy makers.
    0:37:50 Do they fix the rules of the road for the grids?
    0:37:52 Do they allow queue reform
    0:37:54 so you can get interconnection spots?
    0:37:56 Will they properly pay for long duration storage?
    0:38:00 How long do permits take?
    0:38:03 That sort of thing will dictate the pace of the build out,
    0:38:05 but I’m confident it’s coming.
    0:38:08 It’s just a matter of the pace that it accelerates at.
    0:38:14 – We’ll be back in a minute with the lightning round.
    0:38:18 (upbeat music)
    0:38:27 – Let’s finish with the lightning round.
    0:38:30 It’ll just be sort of random questions
    0:38:31 is basically what it’s gonna be.
    0:38:37 So I read that you spent many years
    0:38:39 as an energy consultant living in different parts
    0:38:40 of the world.
    0:38:44 And I’m curious of all of the places you lived.
    0:38:46 What was the most underrated?
    0:38:48 It’s the place that’s like great
    0:38:49 that nobody knows is great.
    0:38:52 – Seoul, South Korea.
    0:38:53 – Oh, interesting.
    0:38:54 Tell me.
    0:38:59 – Yeah, I got to spend five months in South Korea.
    0:39:03 It was for a guy that grew up in Northern Ontario
    0:39:07 in a rural background being in a city that dense
    0:39:12 and that intense from just a stimulation perspective.
    0:39:17 I found very compelling and just a very unique culture,
    0:39:20 unique food and just a great experience.
    0:39:22 – What’s one thing I should do if I go to Seoul?
    0:39:23 – Karaoke.
    0:39:25 – Of course.
    0:39:26 What’s your go-to karaoke song?
    0:39:29 – Oh, it was The Beatles.
    0:39:30 I can’t remember which one.
    0:39:31 Hey Jude, I think.
    0:39:32 – Ah, it’s a winner.
    0:39:35 I bet you killed with Hey Jude in Seoul.
    0:39:38 What’s the, what’s one thing I should do
    0:39:41 if I go to Kenora, Ontario, your hometown?
    0:39:45 – MS Kenora, a little cruise ship around Lake of the Woods.
    0:39:46 Beautiful.
    0:39:50 I cook there growing up, helping to pay for my fun
    0:39:52 on the weekends.
    0:39:55 – You played hockey at the University of Toronto
    0:39:58 and I’m curious, I have a friend who’s into hockey
    0:40:01 and I said, I’m talking to a guy who played hockey.
    0:40:02 What should I ask him?
    0:40:06 And he said, ask him what his view is on fighting in hockey.
    0:40:07 What’s your view on fighting in hockey?
    0:40:13 – It’s a bit complicated, but I, it keeps everyone honest.
    0:40:16 So I’m a supporter and you know, there’s a code
    0:40:19 if someone doesn’t want to fight, you don’t fight,
    0:40:22 but it is a way of keeping things honest.
    0:40:23 – What does that mean?
    0:40:25 That is in fact really interesting to me.
    0:40:27 What does it mean that it keeps everyone honest?
    0:40:30 – You know, it can be a very dangerous sport.
    0:40:32 You know, you think of the stick and you can wind up
    0:40:35 and smash someone in the ankle and smash their ankle
    0:40:36 and blow out their career.
    0:40:38 Someone does that, you know, the ref just throwing them
    0:40:41 in the penalty box isn’t fair retribution
    0:40:42 for something like that.
    0:40:45 So no one runs around swinging their sticks
    0:40:48 ’cause they know what would happen if they did such a thing.
    0:40:49 – That’s really interesting.
    0:40:52 What’s one thing you tell somebody
    0:40:55 who’s becoming a CEO for the first time?
    0:41:00 – You know, I don’t know that I’m at the stage
    0:41:02 where I’m giving advice yet.
    0:41:05 I’m still figuring it out. – 15 years is a long time man.
    0:41:07 – Yeah, I guess so.
    0:41:09 I still feel like I’m learning as I’m going,
    0:41:12 but I guess I would say it’s about the team
    0:41:14 more than anything is you can only do so much
    0:41:15 in the early days you’re doing a lot,
    0:41:18 but then it’s about the team, team, team,
    0:41:20 surround yourself with the best possible people.
    0:41:22 And it’s amazing.
    0:41:24 I wake up every day just amazed
    0:41:27 with what the team does and gets accomplished.
    0:41:30 And you just start realizing the power of other people
    0:41:33 and how much strength there is in the numbers
    0:41:34 and in the team.
    0:41:37 I would just be focused on getting the right team.
    0:41:39 – I heard you say that if you had known
    0:41:41 when you started the company,
    0:41:43 how hard it was gonna be, what you know now,
    0:41:45 you wouldn’t have done it.
    0:41:49 And so I’m curious, like, do you think 15 years from now,
    0:41:51 if you look back at 2025, you would say,
    0:41:54 man, if I’d have known how hard that 15 years would be,
    0:41:56 I would have got out in 2025.
    0:41:59 – No, I think I’ve made it through the, you know,
    0:42:01 the J-curve, if you will.
    0:42:03 – Like your pipe.
    0:42:05 You’re on your way up to the surface.
    0:42:06 – That’s right.
    0:42:07 Yeah, no, it’s now,
    0:42:09 because I think if it would have failed,
    0:42:12 call it four or five years ago.
    0:42:15 Every, you know, I wouldn’t have had much pride in it.
    0:42:18 Like there’s some pride, but we didn’t accomplish much.
    0:42:20 We didn’t, it wasn’t that big of a team.
    0:42:22 We didn’t accomplish many milestones.
    0:42:24 We didn’t raise that much money.
    0:42:26 So I basically just burned my personal capital
    0:42:28 and years of my life.
    0:42:30 And I think people would have scoffed
    0:42:31 ’cause a lot of people were scoffing at us saying,
    0:42:32 “What are you guys doing?
    0:42:34 This doesn’t make any sense.”
    0:42:36 And it just would have fulfilled those.
    0:42:37 And I think I would have been, you know,
    0:42:39 pretty embarrassed to be honest.
    0:42:42 Whereas now I think we’ve accomplished a lot.
    0:42:43 I would be proud.
    0:42:44 And I’d look back and say, you know,
    0:42:46 we made a really good go at it.
    0:42:50 And, but I think moving forward,
    0:42:52 it’s just, it’s just up from here.
    0:42:55 So I’m excited for the next 15 years.
    0:42:56 – Great.
    0:42:57 Thank you for your time.
    0:43:00 It was great to talk with you.
    0:43:01 – Thanks, Jacob.
    0:43:03 – Thanks for your time and pleasure.
    0:43:05 (upbeat music)
    0:43:07 – Curtis Van Wallingham is the co-founder
    0:43:10 and CEO of HygroStore.
    0:43:13 Today’s show was produced by Gabriel Hunter-Chang.
    0:43:15 It was edited by Lydia Jean-Cott
    0:43:17 and engineered by Sarah Brugger.
    0:43:21 You can email us at problem@pushkin.fm.
    0:43:23 I’m Jacob Goldstein and we’ll be back next week
    0:43:26 with another episode of What’s Your Problem.
    0:43:28 (upbeat music)
    0:43:29 – Bye.
    0:43:32 (upbeat music)
    0:43:40 [BLANK_AUDIO]

    We need better, cheaper ways to store solar and wind energy when it’s dark out and the wind isn’t blowing.

    One option: Compressing air in underground caverns when energy is abundant, then blowing it back out to create energy when you need it. It’s an old idea, but it has some fundamental problems.

    Curtis van Wallingham, the co-founder and CEO of Hydrostor, thinks his company has solved those problems with a new approach. If he’s right, his firm will help fix the biggest bottleneck slowing down the adoption of solar and wind power.

    See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.